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    "title": "Report, 1924",
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        "Safety Light Collection",
        "Records Related to Radium Dial Painters"
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    "seq": 12,
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    "ocrText": "EXPOSURE TO RADIUM PREPARATIONS.\n21\n20\nEXPOSURE TO RADIUM PREPARATIONS.\nA summary of the physical examinations of the employees of the\nradiation, and not to remain in the vicinity of radium longer than is\nradium section made at the expiration of a year following the begin-\nnecessary.\nning of the study shows nothing of special significance. Specimens of\n7. That in the packing and unpacking of radium in connection with\nsemen from No. 1 and No. 2 examined during the study showed\nthe receipt and dispatch of shipments, all boxes, wrapping paper,\nmotile spermatozoa. There were five males and seven females. The\nand other equipment be assembled, arranged, and prepared so as to\nmenstrual function of one female worker is noted as disturbed since\nexpedite the work and thus reduce the amount of unavoidable ex-\nworking with radium. It is also noted that every female employee\nposure to radiation.\nof the section save one is recorded as having an enlarged thyroid.\n8. That all employees of the section be allowed to work only five\nTwo of the female employees had only recently entered the section;\ndays a week, and that at least a two-day period intervene between\nhence the enlargement of the thyroid gland in their cases certainly\nthe two holidays of each week, these not to be considered annual or\nsick leave.\ncould not be attributed to the work with radium. No connection\nbetween enlargement of the thyroid and the work has been noted\n9. That all employees of the section be required to take 30 days'\nin this study.\nannual leave each year, preferably, whenever at all practicable, in\nConclusions.\ntwo-week periods at six-month intervals.\n1. At least two persons, one an employee at the time of the study\n10. That the 2 days' weekly holiday and the 30 days' annual leave\nand one a former employee, who were examined during this study,\nbe spent outdoors as much as is possible.\npresented symptoms showing evidence of the effect of radiation upon\nBibliography.\nthe skin of the fingers and hands.\n2. Employees are exposed to radiation, as is evidenced by positive\n1. Gudzent and Holberstaedter: Deutsch med. Wchnschr., March 26, 1914, p. 633.\n2. The leucocytic blood content of those handling radium for therapeutic purposes.\neffects upon dental films worn by employees in regular routine work.\nBy J. C. Mottram and J. R. Clark. From the Research Department, Radium Insti-\n3. Apparently certain blood changes had occurred in the workers;\ntute, London. Archives of Radiology and Electrotherapy, March, 1920, pp. 345-350.\nnotably, a tendency in the polymorphonuclear neutrophiles to remain\n3. Histological changes in the bone marrow of rats exposed to the gamma radiations\nslightly below the lower normal limit, and a diminution in the small\nfrom radium. By J. C. Mottram. From the Research Department, Radium Institute,\nlymphocytes, while the large lymphocytes apparently ran somewhat\nLondon. Archives of Radiology and Electrotherapy. 1920-21, vol. 25, p. 197.\n4. Some contrasts in the effects of X-rays and radium upon blood cells. By Sidney\nhigher than normal. The total white cells had a tendency to de-\nRuss. Brit. Med. Jour., 2 268, 1921.\ncrease in number, as also had the total red cells.\n5. The red cell blood content of those handling radium for therapeutic purposes.\n4. A low blood pressure, as compared with the usually accepted\nBy J. C. Mottram. From the Research Department, Radium Institute, London.\nnormal, was noted in practically all the employees of the section.\nArchives of Radiology and Electrotherapy. 1920-21, vol. 25.\n6. On blood platelets, their behavior in vitamin-A deficiency and after radiation.\nRecommendations.\nBy Cramer, Drew, and Mottram. Proc. Roy. Soc. B., vol. 93, pp. 449-467.\nOn the basis of this study it is recommended\n7. Effects of the X-rays and radium on the blood and general health of radiologists.\nBy G. E. Pfahler. Am. Jour. Roentgenol. October, 1922.\n1. That blood examinations and blood pressure readings be made\n8. Modifications hemoleucocytaires sous l'influence de l'émanation du radium.\nat regular intervals on all employees of the radium section.\nRebattu et Richard. Jour. Med. Français, Paris, 1913, p. 234.\n2. That complete physical examination of all employees of the sec-\n9. Observations upon the action of radium and X-rays on the mononuclear leuco-\ntion be made at regular intervals.\ncytes of the blood of rats. By J. C. Mottram. From the Research Department,\n3. That all new employees of the section, before beginning work,\nRadium Institute, London. Jour. Roy. Soc., Med. Pathological Sect. February,\n1922.\nbe given complete physical examinations, including examination\n10. Action of radium and the X-rays on the blood and blood-forming organs. By\nof the blood.\nIsaac Levin. The Am. Jour. of Roentgenology. February, 1922.\n4. That in the handling of radium, all employees of the section\n11. The use of blood counts to indicate the efficiency of X-ray and radium protec-\nutilize to the greatest possible extent all practicable protective de-\ntion. By J. C. Mottram. Brit. Med. Jour. 2 269, 1921,\nvices, such as screens, lead-lined carrier boxes, and handling forceps.\n12. The effects of increased protection from radiation upon the blood condition of\nradium workers. By J. C. Mottram. Archives Radiology and Electrotherapeutics,\n5. That all rooms in which radium is handled be adequately and\nMay, 1921, vol. 25.\nthoroughly ventilated. The use of electric fans for this purpose\n13. Vitamines, exposure to radium, and intestinal fat absorption. By Mottram.\nappears to be highly desirable.\nCramer, and Drew. Brit. Jour. Exp. Pathology. Vol. 3, No. 4.\n6. That all employees of the section be warned to reduce to a\nminimum the amount of unavoidable unprotected exposure to"
}