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FOIA Number: 2012-0769-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the William J. Clinton
Presidential Library Staff.
Collection/Record Group:
Clinton Presidential Records
Subgroup/Office of Origin:
Council on Environmental Quality
Series/Staff Member:
Kathleen (Katie) McGinty
Subseries:
OA/ID Number:
17806
FolderID:
Folder Title:
Nature Conservancy and Earth Day Initiatives] [Loose]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
S
61
5
4
2
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506
April 15, 1993
MEMORANDUM FOR KATIE MCGINTY
wM
David Pis Forward or
FROM:
NANCY G. MAYNARD
Cathy
SUBJECT:
The Nature Conservancy and Earth Day Initiatives
After reviewing more material related to the Earth Day Initiatives, OSTP would like to
4/19
recommend that, if you have not already done so, you include a close cooperative effort
with The Nature Conservancy and the Institute for Biodiversity Information in your
development of the National Network for Environmental Information and Technology.
As you are aware, there is already some very fine work under way under this initiative
and that work could, indeed, provide our Earth Day activities with a good example of
Federal-State cooperation on a quality environmental program. I have attached some
material on that institute for your information and reference. (Tab A) In addition, I
have included a short paper, "An Overview of the Biological and Conservation Data
(BCD) System", which describes a state-of-the-art system used by The Nature
Conservancy for information management, which may be of use to you in the initiative
development.
We hope that this information will be useful to you in the formulation of these
important initiatives.
Institute for Biodiversity Information:
Using Scientific Information to Advance Biodiversity Conservation
Governmental Agencies:
National Park Service, Yellowstone
Michigan Division of Land and Water
Corporations:
Georgia Power
ARKLA
Citizen Groups:
Lower Poultney River Committee, VT
Research -- Institutions and Individuals:
Electric Power Research Institute
Amateur Lepidoperist
Collaborative Projects:
Merck, Sharpe & Dohme/ INBio
Panama Canal Commission/ ANCON/ University of Panama
The Institute for Biodiversity Information (IBI) and its affiliate biodiversity data centers
responded to more than 200,000 information requests this year. The users -- researchers,
engineers, conservation groups, state agencies, universities, consultants, and federal agencies
-- vary as much as the uses -- natural resource inventories, land development sitings,
environmental impact assessments, transportation routing, water development projects, and
reserve selection and design. A recent survey of several state biodiversity centers disclosed
the following patterns of network consultation:
34%
federal agencies
38%
state and local agencies
14%
private consultants and engineers
14%
universities, museums, researchers, individuals and conservation groups
Public education and dissemination of biodiversity information is an ongoing goal of IBI.
Consequently, the Institute will continue to communicate its work to an expanding audience
of potential network users. It is our goal to ensure that decisions are made with an
appreciation of the scarcity of resources and an understanding of the consequences of such
conclusions.
The following pages highlight case examples of how public and private groups use network
information to guide decisions concerning conservation and development. In a situation
where two interests are often at odds, the Institute's inventory system helps to inform and
validate decisions involving rare and threatened species and appropriate land management.
Federal Agency:
National Park Service
Situation: There are three operating Heritage Programs in the western region (WY,ID,
MT) that track rare species and communities, land ownership and management plans.
But, there is no combined program specific to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
(GYE) -- including Yellowstone National Park, Grand Teton National Park, and seven
adjacent National Forests.
Problem: The GYE is threatened by intensifying recreational use and resource
development. There is a growing need for more unified management of the
ecosystem to permit animals to live without being disturbed by mineral exploration
and extraction, recreation, home development, and other activities.
Objective: To establish a Yellowstone Conservation Data Center in cooperation with
the National Park Service. This CDC will merge biodiversity information from the
WY, ID, MT Heritage Programs and help federal agencies coordinate management
activities. It will also access data on rare plants and animals from the manual files of
the park and incorporate them for the first time into computer files.
Network Assistance: The three regional Heritage Programs will provide a copy of their
computer files and transfer all of their plant and animal records for occurrences
within the GYE. The Yellowstone program will record Park Service information on
plants, animals, federal ownership, and management plans on computer.
Results/Outcome:
Combining information from the state heritage data bases and identify gaps.
Confirming the global, state and regional status of special plant and animal lists.
Generating a list of rare plants and animals in the GYE.
Linking the Heritage data bases directly to a compatible Geograpic Information
System in Yellowstone Park.
Developing a cohesive set of computer, map and manual files.
Responding to information requests from cooperating federal agencies.
Evaluating the effect of planned developments and management activities on lands
under federal authority.
Coordinating regular information exchanges with the state heritage programs.
In the future:
Complete plant community classifications and rank them according to global and
regional rarity.
Identify potential threats to plant communities in the GYE.
State Agency:
Michigan Division of Land and Water
Situation: A local developer designed a condominium project along the shoreline of Lake
Michigan believed to support the Michigan monkey flower, a Federal and State
endangered species known globally on only 13 sites in northern Michigan. In order
to receive the permit to begin development, the MDNR requested a biological survey
for the Michigan monkey flower and other potentially listed shoreline species.
Problem: During the biological survey, the scientists discovered two monkey flower
colonies in the proposed development area, and one state listed plant species (Lake
Huron tansy) along the beach.
Objective: To build a condominium complex in a sensitive shoreline area that supports
Federal and State listed plant species; and to coordinate development activities in a
way that provides a sustainable environment for the sensitive plant populations.
Network Assistance: The Michigan DNR reviews all wetland permits in their CIWPIS
(Coastal and Inland Waters Permit Information System) data base of natural feature
locations for potential natural features (plants, animals, communities) that may be
adversely affected by proposed projects. When natural features are flagged within or
near a project area, the State Endangered Species Coordinator often consults the
Michigan Heritage Program for a more detailed examination of their data base.
Coordinators may require a field survey to determine the status and precise location
of listed species, or they may find sufficient Heritage information -- records of
endangered and threatened species and their distribution -- to make project
recommendations or alternative development plans.
Results/Outcomes:
Heritage biologists conducted a plant survey and generated species distribution
maps to indicate where the monkey flower existed within the condominium
development site.
Developer avoided legal conflicts with the State and Federal governments.
Developer modified site plans and established a naturalist area within the
condominium project to educate visitors about protecting rare plants and their
habitats.
Developer will fence in the monkey flower colonies and build a viewing board
walk around the plant community to minimize foot traffic in the wetland areas.
Developer cooperated with the State and Federal agencies to conserve the plant
species while still developing the condominium project.
Improved community support of business and environmental compatibility.
Corporation:
Georgia Power
Situation: Until 1986, there was little recorded information on the rare, unique or
threatened plant and animal species, and natural community types in Georgia.
Now, Georgia Power consults the Heritage data base before developing transmission
lines, re-routing power lines, or beginning construction projects.
Problem: A power line or construction project in danger of disturbing rare or
threatened plants, animals or communities or their habitat.
Objective: To develop transmission lines and routing projects in the Southeast without
interfering with rare or sensitive species.
Network Assistance: The Georgia Natural Heritage Program identifies the known locations
of sensitive plant and animal species in the proposed project area. Scientists supply
Georgia Power with a list of these species, their vulnerability, state and federal rank,
and habitat requirements. Heritage staff also suggest potential habitat where a ground
survey may be useful to indicate additional species occurrences.
Results/Outcomes:
Protects plant and animal populations susceptible to disturbance.
Avoids costly delays (in some cases 1 year).
Facilitates permit reviews.
Assists with corporate strategic planning; this saves hundreds of thousands of dollars
in re-routes or special construction practices well into the project.
Corporation:
Natural Gas and Transmission Company - ARKLA
Situation: The company planned to build a major interstate pipeline from Oklahoma to
Arkansas.
Problem: ARKLA was concerned, however, that there may be some sensitive species
along the designated route, which would interfere with the permit process.
Objective: To obtain the necessary permits from United States Fish and Wildlife Service to
build a 225 mile natural gas pipeline.
Network Assistance: The Oklahoma Natural Heritage Inventory provided information
at two stages of the pipeline development -- the planning stage and the mitigation
stage. Staff scientists generated reports on threatened and endangered species and
ecological communities along the proposed corridor, and identified large tracks of
forest land. The scientists also suggested appropriate sites for a mitigation project
and inventoried an area called Cucumber Creek (ca. 2,000 acres) as a potential
Nature Conservancy Preserve.
Results/Outcome:
Determined threatened and endangered species along the proposed site.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service recommended alternate routes around known
populations of threatened and endangered species, and large forest tracks (to prevent
habitat fragmentation).
Shortened the environmental review process.
Identified the site for a mitigation project - Cucumber Creek Preserve, ca. 2,000
acres.
Inventoried the mitigation site.
Purchased Cucumber Creek and established a stewardship endowment for The Nature
Conservancy Oklahoma Field Office.
Prevented a conflict with the National Forest, ie. destruction or loss of endangered
species on USFS land.
Improved community support of business and environmental compatibility.
Citizen Group:
Lower Poultney River Citizens Committee, VT
Situation: The Lower Poultney River in Vermont and New York is a biologically diverse
system that supports an array of rare mussel and fish species and natural communities
found in Vermont and New England.
Problem: The river system is subject to stresses created by an artificial water level control
at a hydroelectric facility located nearby. River sedimentation from careless land use
practices and organic and chemical pollution may harm the aquatic species.
Objective: To protect and enhance the ecological values of the Lower Poultney River.
Network Assistance: The Nongame & Natural Heritage Program of Vermont Fish and
Wildlife Department provided records, reports, and testimony regarding the
outstanding biological resources associated with the river system. With science
expertise and support, the Lower Poultney River Citizens Committee issued a petition
before the Vermont Water Resources Board to designate the Lower Poultney River an
"Outstanding Resource Water."
Results/Outcomes:
Designated the Lower Poultney River an "Outstanding Resource Water" due to its
outstanding ecological value, including diverse fish and mussel populations.
Increased the buffer zone surrounding the river.
Prompted The Nature Conservancy in Vermont and New York to protect the river
corridor.
Helped The Nature Conservancy obtain funding for the Bald Mountain
Preserve.
Increased state and local awareness and funding for better management of the
Poultney River.
Research Institution:
Electric Power Research Institute
Situation: Climate change such as global warming may threaten many plant species with
extinction, however, the extent of its possible effects is still unknown.
Problem: Species that cannot adapt locally to increased temperatures and other climatic
changes may become extinct unless they disperse and establish latitudinally or
altitudinally.
Objective: To estimate the possible effects of climate change on North American plant
species to help make better informed conservation and land management decisions.
Network Assistance: The Science Division is providing extensive research and drafting a
detailed report on the potential effects of climate change on native North American
vascular plant species -- for example rare plants versus abundant plants, based on
federal status and global rank. The project staff developed additional data bases to
maintain a constant set of information on species biology, rank, and distribution.
Project botanists are studying species vulnerability in states and provinces using these
traits to quantify results: geographic range and rarity, special habitat requirements
(especially wetlands), and dispersal and colonizing ability.
Results/Outcomes:
Analyzed species vulnerability by state and province; results suggest that many
areas of North America may have significant numbers of vulnerable species.
Determine resource conservation priorities for utility companies land holdings and
rights of way.
Address plant vulnerability to climate change as a factor in establishing
conservation priorities and informed land management options.
Develop long range plans to consider ecological information when expanding
facilities and siting plants, substations, and transmission lines.
Improve understanding of possible consequences of climate change on native
North American plant species.
Research:
Amateur Lepidopterist
Problem: Incomplete state records and/or published material on Rhode Island butterfly
populations.
Objective: To produce a technical book for an academic audience -- text, maps and
photography -- documenting the butterflies of Rhode Island. Text and a distribution
map will be devoted to each species. The book may be available by Spring 1994.
Network Assistance: The Rhode Island Heritage Program provided site information to
help locate rare and common butterfly species. Based on extensive field work, they
supplied a state map with records of all known butterfly populations.
Results/Outcomes:
Obtained financial support from the Non-Game Program, Division of Fish and
Wildlife, to publish the technical book.
Prompted a several year relationship with an independent researcher who contributed
his field work on rare butterfly species to the Heritage data base.
Enabled the Rhode Island Heritage Program to more accurately determine the status
of rare butterflies.
Collaborative Project:
Merck Sharpe & Dohme and INBio
Challenge: To increase the number of plants that Merck screens for effective
biomedical ingredients.
Objective: To discover potentially useful chemicals that may be reproduced synthetically
for pharmaceutical purposes. Additionally, to reinvest money back into science and
conservation to support sustainable development.
Network Assistance: The Costa Rican Conservation Data Center (operates within INBio, a
partner organization) provides Merck with records of the status and locations of plant
species in Costa Rica. CDC scientists and other INBio staff will identify, collect, and
process various plant extracts and send them to Merck laboratories to determine their
medicinal value. In return, Merck plans to train INBio's scientists (including the
CDC) in biochemistry techniques specific to plant screening, train locals in plant
classification and ultimately increase Costa Rica's self-sufficiency and opportunities.
Results/Outcomes:
Guarantee Merck's access to an enormous variety of plants.
Train INBio/CDC scientists in biochemistry techniques specific to plant screening.
Continue to train Costa Ricans in a plant classification program.
Exchange technical expertise between Merck and INBio, enhancing the capacity of
both.
Identify active plant substances with potential medical values.
Share the profits with INBio through a royalty agreement.
Reinvest money back into science and conservation.
Exchange access to screen Costa Rica's biological resources for an opportunity to
invest Merck's financial resources in conservation.
Promote sustainable use of natural resources by training locals, and safeguarding
forest resources.
Collaborative Project:
University, Government & Conservation Organization
University of Panama
Panama Canal Commission (Panama, United States, Japan)
ANCON (Association for Conservation of Nature in Panama)
Situation: Several development alternatives are being considered for improving the Panama
canal: modifying the existing canal, building a new sea level canal, and adding a land
connection along the canal (roads, railroads).
Problem: Scientists are concerned about potential environmental effects of the different
development options on marine plant and animal species and their surrounding
ecosystems.
Objective: To demonstrate which areas are most sensitive to development in and around the
Panama Canal, and to identify the canal improvement that is least disruptive to
resident marine and terrestrial species.
Network Assistance: The Conservation Data Center in Panama (operated by local partner
ANCON) is providing scientific expertise on the status of threatened and endangered
species, as well as information on natural resources. Scientists at the at the central
data base office also contributed GIS (Geographic Information System) technology and
recently installed a MIPS system in ANCON.
Results/Outcomes:
Assisting with the Panama Canal development decisions.
Providing a set of recommendations, based on scientific information, to the Panama
Canal Commission, ANCON, and the University of Panama.
Demonstrating the integrity of CDC information on sensitive species and
natural resources.
Installed a MIPS (Map and Image Processing System) in ANCON.
Improved the scientific and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) capacity of our
local partner, ANCON.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
A
Divider Title:
Institute for
Biodiversity Information
Using Scientific Information to Advance Biodiversity Conservation
Geographic Spread of
Biodiversity Data Center Network
88
1992
1974
,
1982
1986
Biodiversity Data Network
Mission:
Establish and maintain a unique information resource - an
integrated network of data centers - on plants, animals, natural
communities, and critical protected areas. Make this
information available throughout the network for conservation
and development planning, impact assessments, natural resource
management, and scientific research.
Network data is used for
Environmental Impact Assessments
Land Development Siting
Threatened Species Management
Conservation Administration
Natural Resource Inventories
Transportation Routing
Natural Resource Management Plans
Animal & Plant Research
Water Development Projects
Regulatory Permit Review
Reserve Selection and Design
200,000 Data Responses Annually
Who is using the network?
State/Local Agency
Federal
38%
34%
Conservation
Corporations,
and Research groups
Landowners, and Consultants
14%
14%
usess
> 200,000 - possibly >300,000 your year (U.S.)
mostly Fed. compliance
What information is available?
Elements
species, ecological communities
Element Occurrences localities of species or communities
Sites
significant land areas
Tracts
land ownership parcels
Managed Areas
protected or specially managed areas
Projects
land conservation actions
Information Sources
literature, voucher specimens, imagery
Contacts
individuals, institutions
438°°°E
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SITECODE: USVASSHOGIØ
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LONG:
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LONGDEC: -75.6694
ELEMENT OCCURRENCES
ANIMALS
COMMUNITTES
PLANTS
BIRD COLONIES
2°
4142
The
Nature
Conservancy
Produced January 1993 by the Spatial Date Integration Center at The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA
38°°°°E
'39
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1000
0
1000 meters
SCALE 1:24000
UTM zone 18
435000mE
440000mE
Maryland
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4145000mN
Bay
4145000mN
D
Hog Island
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Atlantic
Ocean
VIRGINIA EASTERN SHORE
LEGEND
HERITAGE ELEMENT
OCCURRENCES
ANIMALS
PLANTS
COMMUNITIES
BIRD COLONIES
LAND USE/LAND COVER
MUD FLATS
4140000mN
SALT MARSH
MARINE INTERTIDAL
4140000mN
TIDAL STREAM
ESTUARINE/MARINE
DEEPWATER
SALINE POND
BEACH
OPEN DUNE
BEACHGRASS DUNE
DUNE GRASSLAND
MIXED BARRIER ISLAND
FOREST
DUNE SHRUB THICKET
CLEARCUT TRANSITIONAL
N
0
2000
4000
6000 Feet
O
435000mE
440000mE
RARE SPECIES, NATURAL
The
COMMUNITIES, AND LAND USE/
Nature
LAND COVER OF HOG ISLAND
Conservancy
SOURCES. Landsat TM 7/89
SPOT Panchromatic 5/89
CIR Aerial Photography 7/90
Field verification . 6/90.8/90
SDIC Draft 6/91
Virginia Natural Heritage
Program 2/91
Panther Knob Site, West Virginia
X4375
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AMONS
250
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500
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1000
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2000
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10.11
The
Nature
MOUNTAL
MOUNT
N
Conservancy
Produced August 1992 DY the Spatial Date Integration Center st The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, PA
Panther Knob Site, West Virginia
3/5
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H
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LEGEND
Occurrence of Element
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3384
Extent of element occurrence
Primary ecological site
AMONS
Secondary ecological site
250
0 Meters
500
1000
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2000
11
The
MOUN
Nature
N
Conservancy
Produced August 1992 by the Spatial Date Integration Center 31 The Nature Conservancy, Artington, PA
Panther Knob Site, West Virginia
X4315
LEER
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O
West
4
Virginia
Goshen Ridge Properties
R
24093
Warner
Chestnut Woods
Association
(Registry Site)
Raines
formetly
Chestnut Woods Association
Raines
(Registry site)
Bennett
Spruce Forest
The Nature
Conservancy
Dwarf Pine Forest
Formerly
Loy/Neff
Colaw
N
and
Bennett
(Registry Site)
3863
Hartman
LEGEND
800
Occurrence of Element
BM
3384
Forest community boundary
Extent of element occurrence
Project boundary
Tract boundary
Managed area boundary
Byrd Estate
Primary ecological site
Secondary ecological site
250
0 Meters
500
1000
0 Feet
2000
Simmons
The
Nature
N
Conservancy
Produced August 1992 Dy the Spatial Date Integration Center of The Nature Conservancy, Artington, PA
Coverage of the
Biodiversity Data Network:
All vertebrates of the western hemisphere and Hawaii
(excluding fishes in Latin America)
ca. 15,000 tracked
Vascular plants of North America and Hawaii
ca. 35,000 tracked
Selected groups of invertebrates and nonvascular plants of
North America and Hawaii (e.g. crayfish, butterflies, mosses)
ca. 7,000 tracked
Selected vascular plants of Latin America
ca. 9,000 tracked
Projected community types in a national classification
ca. 6,300 tracked
72,300 species, subspecies and communities tracked
Conservation and Research Priorities
Intensity of Effort
Examples
G1: Whooping Crane
G3: Bald Eagle
G5: House Sparrow
Species Abundance
Element
GX
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
Occurrences
o
<6
<20
<100
>100
many
Total Number
0
<1000
<3000
of Individuals
<10,000
>10,000
abundant
Conservation Rank
Status of Selected North American Animal Groups
No. Species
700
600
GX extinct
500
G1 - critically imperiled
400
G2 - imperiled
G3 - vulnerable
300
G4 - apparently secure
200
G5 - demonstrably secure
100
0
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fishes
Crayfishes
Unionid
Mussels
How do we manage our information?
Structured manual files
Manual map files
Geographic Information Systems
Computer database management system
(BCD)
Biological & Conservation
Data System-BCD
(the Network's software system)
Facilitates collection, distribution and exchange of biological information.
Records species, community types, sites, land ownership, managed areas,
and sources.
Uses standard methods for managing and exchanging biodiversity data on
a global, national, and subnational level.
Provides a flexible, powerful, state-of-the-art database management
system.
Fifth generation of evolving TNC-developed data management software.
DATA EXCHANGE
Botanical Gardens
Universities
Central Databases
Biodiversity Data Centers
Research Centers
Network Scope
85
primary biodiversity data centers
110
cooperating data centers
930
staff scientists/information managers
1,000s cooperating experts/ information suppliers
70,500
species, subspecies, and communities tracked
350,000 locations of rare species mapped & computerized
20,000
U.S. reserves mapped & computerized
140,000
information sources abstracted
The Science Division
of The Nature Conservancy provides:
training and workshops
data exchange
central files and databases
scientific and technical support
standard methods and information management systems
tools for establishing Biodiversity Data Centers
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
B
Divider Title:
An Overview of the
Biological and Conservation Data (BCD) System
October 1992 Edition
The
Nature,
Conservancy
The Biological and Conservation Data (BCD) System is a product of the
Conservation Systems Department,
Science Division of the Nature Conservancy.
Contents
Purpose
1
Structure
2
Applications
7
Standards and Options (Suggesting Changes for System Design)
10
User Responsibilities
11
Additional Information
12
Appendix I-BCD System Data Relations Diagram
Published: 3/22/93
Purpose
Good conservation depends on good information!
Where does that species occur?
Who owns that tract?
When does that option expire?
How should that land be managed?
The Biological and Conservation Data (BCD) System developed by The Nature Conservancy
is a powerful state-of-the-art information management tool designed to help answer these
kinds of questions. With applications in biological diversity inventory, real estate protection,
land management, and general administration, the BCD System offers an integrated approach
to biodiversity conservation.
The BCD System may be used to track information on elements of biological diversity (i.e., plants.
animals, and communities), occurrences of those elements (i.e., location), conservation sites,
projects for protecting sites, real estate tracts and transactions (including ownership, interests,
rights, and legal requirements), property tax obligations, ecological monitoring programs and
observations, plans for land management actions, individual and institutional contacts, etc.
Computers and conservation may seem an incongruous pair, as if high technology had
invaded the natural order. Computers however, and the BCD System in particular, provide
an opportunity for conservation to survive and to work in concert with a developing world.
By virtue of the fact that the BCD System represents a standardized, integrated approach to
biological diversity inventory, protection, and land management, it is possible to establish
operational continuity in different offices and different times and to build a common vocabu-
lary that fosters multi-institutional cooperation and efficient data exchange. The BCD System
unites the work of many individuals from all parts of the world and preserves their combined
knowledge in a coherent, organized fashion for their colleagues and future generations. The
BCD System has the potential to provide the best, most current and comprehensive informa-
tion for the benefit of science and research, prudent development, and good conservation.
1
Structure
The BCD System is designed with a readily visible architecture; the file structure is, for all
practical purposes, exposed. Each of the data entry windows used to store and retrieve data
reflects a particular basic logical entity, or type of information. Unlike some database applica-
tions which provide data entry screens that mask file structure, the BCD System relies on
more direct entry and greater user knowledge of the data structure. This may at first be
intimidating, since it requires an understanding of the different types of information (or basic
logical entities) and the relationships between those entities. In the long run however, an
understanding of these relationships is essential (after all, the biological diversity inventory
protection/land mangaement business is complex) and the lucid structure of this System offers
the user greater power and flexibility to manipulate data and design custom ad hoc reports.
The BCD System files are organized according to the types of information they record. These
types of information, alternatively called the "major logical entities", include:
Sources
Projects
Elements
Transactions
Element Occurrences
Tract Transactions
Sites
Taxes
Managed Areas
Actions
Tracts
Contacts
Brief definitions for these entities are given below.
Source:
A unit of information about an Element, Element Occurrence, Site, Managed Area, etc...,
(e.g., a book, article, thesis, field notes, etc.).
Element:
A unit of natural biological diversity. Fine "filters" of diversity include plants and animals;
coarse filters include communities (repeatable assemblages of species that share a common
environment) and "other" types (e.g., migratory bird concentrations, breeding bird con-
centrations, etc.). Some data centers also define geologic and aesthetic Element types.
Element Occurrence (EO):
A specific example of an Element at a specific geographic location that represents a habitat
capable of sustaining or contributing to the survival of that Element. This is the funda-
mental unit which drives all further protection and land management activities.
2
Site:
A land unit of ecological or other scientific interest, usually defined for purposes of
conservation planning (but may be defined for any area for which ecological or other
scientific information is needed).
Managed Area (MA):
A land unit, generally a natural area, that is under distinct protective or potentially protec-
tive natural resource management.
Tract:
A unit of land ownership, defined by the current legal owner and the surface boundaries.
Project:
A proposed or approved plan for one or more real estate Transactions (involving one or
more Tracts) for the protection of one or more conservation Sites. The set of financial and
legal commitments and the estimated expenses and source of funds needed to carry out
that plan.
Transaction:
A real estate "deal", voluntary or legally binding, involving a transfer of interests and rights
between a grantor and a grantee that affects or involves a specific organization (e.g., The
Nature Conservancy). Common Transactions include purchases, sales, leases, licenses,
management agreements, easements, mortgages, mortgage releases, assists, dedications,
public land designations, registrations, etc. A Transaction may involve one or more Tracts
of land but always has a specific closing date.
Tract Transaction:
A real estate Transaction interpreted from a Tract-specific perspective. The transfer of
interests and/or rights on a particular Tract independent of any other Tracts that may be
involved in the Transaction.
Tax:
A unit that refers to either an assessment or charge imposed by a legal authority on a
property owner or to the payment made or the exemption filed. The tax bill or exemption
will generally be associated with a particular parcel of land. (The boundaries of that
parcel may not correspond exactly with those of an ownership Tract.)
Action:
A planned activity or set of related tasks defined for the achievement of a particular objec-
tive, usually land management, biological diversity inventory, or administrative. An
Action is generally categorized by type and characterized by a scheduled date, personnel to
carry it out, and an estimate of cost and time.
Contact:
A person or organization (institution, department, or office) whose activities, interests
(including legal interests), or knowledge in some way relate to biological diversity invento-
ry, protection, land management, or administrative information needs.
The terms and definitions for these entities serve as the building blocks of the BCD System. They
form the basic vocabulary for conservation information management. It is important to under-
3
stand these terms; they mean specific things and should be used with discrimination. A Site is not
necessarily the same as a Managed Area, nor is it the same as a Project; and a Project is not the
same as a Transaction, nor a Tract Transaction. Understanding the difference between these terms
and their relationships will make the BCD System easier and more efficient to use.
Four of these entities are unique in that they have geographic characteristics. In other words,
they may be mapped. These include:
Element Occurrences
Sites
Managed Areas
Tracts
Because these entities sometimes cover overlapping geographic areas, it is especially important
to understand their differences. Whereas a Geographic Information System can separate these
entities onto different overlays, a database system, such as the BCD System, relies on concep-
tual distinctions to segregate data: scientific and ecological data goes in the Site files, manage-
ment data in the Managed Area files, and legal ownership data in the Tract files. The BCD
System provides a tool for sorting out data for a complex conservation geography of rare
Element Occurrences, conservation Sites, protected Managed Areas, and legal ownership
patterns.
These geographic entities, together with the Elements, form the backbone of the BCD System.
All other entities that characterize the biological diversity inventory, protection, and land
management endeavor revolve around these fundamental entities representing biodiversity
itself, and the land that supports it. Their relationships may be sketched as follows:
Managed
Areas
Elements
Element
Occurrences
Sites
Tracts
Any one Element may have one or more occurrences; an Element Occurrence (EO) however,
may be represented by only one Element. Elements and EOs may be said to have a one-to-
many relationship. EOs and Sites, on the other hand, have a many-to-many relationship. A
single EO may be included in several different Site designs and a Site may encompass one or
more EOs. In general, the geographic entities all share a many-to-many relationship. An
ownership Tract may include several different Managed Areas and a Managed Area may cover
a complex of different ownership Tracts. These relationships are tracked in the BCD System
through special fields that allow a user to cite a related entity.
Each entity has one or more files in the BCD System which are used to record information on that
entity. Many of these files have acronyms. A list of these files and their acronyms is provided
below:
4
Entity
File
Acronym
Sources
SOURCE ABSTRACT
SA
Elements
ELEMENT TRACKING
ET
ELEMENT GLOBAL RANKING
EGR
ELEMENT NATIONAL RANKING
ENR
ELEMENT STATE RANKING
ESR
PLANT CHARACTERIZATION ABSTRACT
PCA
VERTEBRATE CHARACTERIZATION ABSTRACT
VCA
INVERTEBRATE CHARACTERIZATION ABSTRACT ICA
COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION ABSTRACT * CCA
(The CA files include global; national, and state data entry windows)
ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP
ES
Element Occurrences
ELEMENT OCCURRENCE RECORD
EOR
ECOMONITORING
-
ECO.VISITS
-
Sites
SITE BASIC RECORD
SBR
Managed Areas
MANAGED AREA BASIC RECORD
MABR
Tracts
TRACTS
-
TRACT DETAIL
-
Projects
PROJECT BASIC RECORD
PBR
Transactions
TRANSACTION TRACKING
TTRACK
TRANSACTION ARCHIVE
TA
Tract Transactions
TRACT TRANSACTION TRACKING
TTTRACK
TRACT TRANSACTION ARCHIVE
TTA
Taxes
TAXES
-
Actions
ACTIONS
-
ACTCODE
-
Contacts
CONTACTS
-
EXPERTS
-
*Currently available in WordPerfect prototype; planned for release in the next major edition of the BCD System.
5
Miscellaneous supporting files include: STATES, COUNTIES, QUADS (a table of topographic
quadrangle map codes and names), and DESIGNATIONS (a table of special government or
Nature Conservancy administrative designations for Sites).
In addition to the files listed above, the BCD System also supports a set of associated optional
files-in general, one for each of the basic entities. These optional files give individual offices
or installations the flexibility to track their own optional data (i.e., data for which standard
fields have not been defined in the parent files). Each office (or group of cooperating offices)
may define the optional fields in these files according to their specific needs.
The optional files include:
Entity
File
Sources
SA.OPT
Elements
ET.OPT
PCAN.OPT
PCAS.OPT
VCAN.OPT
VCAS.OPT
ICAN.OPT
ICAS.OPT
CCAN.OPT
*
CCAS.OPT
*
Element Occurrences
EOR.OPT
Sites
SBR.OPT
Managed Areas
MABR.OPT
Tracts
TRACTS.OPT
Projects
PBR.OPT
Transactions
TTRACK.OPT
Tract Transactions
TTTRACK.OPT
Taxes
TAXES.OPT
Actions
ACTIONS.OPT
Contacts
CONTACTS.OPT
*Currently available in a WordPerfect prototype; planned for release in the mext major edition of the BCD System.
Different installations generally use different sets of files based on individual objectives. It is
important to note that while all of the files presented here are not always used at a single
installation, they are all available.
6
Applications
The various BCD System files have diverse applications in biological diverstiy inventory, land
management, protection, and general administrative activities. Examples of some of the more
common applications are listed below:
i) Biological Diversity Inventory/Land Management Applications
Biodiversity inventories
Indexes to maps, field notes, original Sources, manual files
Environmental assessments
Bibliographic citations and abstracting
Directory of scientific and land management expertise
Natural Diversity Scorecards (Element and EO priority lists)
Biological/environmental monitoring
Element Stewardship Abstracts (ESAs)
Ecological Site designs
Site Tracking Reports (Site priority lists)
Site Action planning
Preserve portfolios
Conservation education
Legal monitoring (restrictions, requirements, interests, and rights)
The relationships between the various biological diversity inventory and land manage-
ment files may be sketched as follows:
Element
Sources
Contacts
Actions
Ranking
Managed
Areas
Element
Element
Element
Characterization
Tracking
Occurrences
Sites
Element
Tracts
Stewardship
Ecomonitoring
Ecovisits
7
ii) Protection Applications
Tracking landowner contacts
Tracking registries
Directory of legal, real estate, and business expertise
Project planning, review, and approval (Project Packages)
Legal tracking, option due dates, real estate negotiations, etc.
Corporate archives (Project resolutions; closed Transactions)
Land accounting (Land Saved reports)
Reporting Project activity and Transactions completed to executive
staff and state and national Boards
The relationships between the various protection files may be sketched
as follows:
Managed
Areas
Contacts
Element
Sites
Occurrences
Tracts
Tract
Projects
Transactions
Transactions
8
iii) General Administrative Applications
Directory of individual and institutional contacts
Indexes to correspondence and manual files
Producing mailing lists and labels
Responding to public inquiries
Providing information for membership, communications, newsletters,
public relations
Scheduling office work
(weekly, monthly, quarterly, annual "to-do" lists)
Coordinating volunteer activities
Tracking tax obligations, payments, and exemptions
The relationships between the various administrative files may be sketched as follows:
Contacts
Actions
Taxes
Tracts
9
Standards and Options (Suggesting Changes for System Design)
The BCD System is built upon a set of standard fields and files. These are the basic structures
which make it possible for different offices and data centers in different parts of the world to
collect, exchange, and disseminate information. By establishing this set of standard data fields
and files, the BCD System helps to promote a common vocabulary that unites people and
purposes.
Information, however, is dynamic and in order to meet the diverse and growing needs of an
extensive network of users, the BCD System must be flexible. Toward this end, the System
has been equipped with a set of accessory files known as the Optional files (described above
in Section B. Structure). When standard fields cannot support specific local needs, these
optional files will generally provide the flexibility needed.
In addition, the BCD System is constantly evolving. Only through constant improvements
and enhancements can it keep pace with a growing set of information needs. With each new
edition of the BCD System, changes are made and new features added. Some of these changes
may be simple: adopting a new field name, a new popup value, or a new index. Other chang-
es may be more complex: adding a new field, a new set of fields, or a new file. In order to
provide an efficient, orderly process for the best logical design and the most coherent evolu-
tion of the BCD System, a design team, called the Operating Procedures Group (OPG),
reviews all proposals for changes and decides whether to accept, modify, or reject them.
The OPG is chaired by the Director of The Nature Conservancy's Science Division and man-
aged by the Conservation Data Administrator and the Director of Conservation Systems.
Members of the central and regional heritage task forces and representatives from various
other divisions and departments-Site Information Management, Stewardship, Accounting,
Legal, etc-frequently serve on the OPG. In a broad sense, all users may consider themselves
members of the OPG. In fact, the OPG depends upon the knowledge and insight of BCD
System users.
Any user may submit a proposal for a technical or methodological change in the BCD System
(or for a change in related standard operating procedures for biological diversity inventory,
protection, or land management information) to the OPG at The Nature Conservancy's
headquarters. Proposals are accepted on an ongoing basis and kept in a Central BCD System
file. Users may also comment on any outstanding proposals. A list of pending proposals will
usually be distributed to all offices with a BCD System at the beginning of each new develop-
ment cycle for new editions of the BCD System.
Users in field or state offices, should discuss any proposal they may have with a regional
information manager (RIM) or regional project/legal coordinator before formally submitting it
10
Additional Information
For further information regarding the Biological and Conservation Data (BCD) System,
licensing, costs, technical specifications, network membership, and user support, please
contact:
The Nature Conservancy
Science Division
Conservation Systems Department
1815 North Lynn Street
Arlington, VA 22209
(703) 841-5354
12
to the OPG. The regional representatives may be aware of similar proposals or alternative
solutions that already exist. They will also provide users with the appropriate forms for
submitting a proposal if the office does not already have them.
User input in the design process is highly valued. Those proposals which are most explicit in
suggesting design specifications, which clearly evaluate advantages, disadvantages, and
alternatives, and which assume a universal perspective, will be especially helpful during the
OPG review process.
User Responsibilities
All BCD System users are part of an extensive, global conservation data network. Participa-
tion in the network provides many benefits, most importantly, the ability to communicate
information on biodiversity and conservation. This ability represents the network's strength--
and information its principal asset. In light of this, it is each user's responsibility to maintain
the integrity and scientific accuracy of the data. All data should be entered so as to be clear
and understandable to users elsewhere in the network (whether they represent The Nature
Conservancy, a government agency, or other organization) as well as to users in future
generations.
Since any one record may be shared by users in different offices throughout the network, each
record is equipped with a LEADRESP field to designate which office has lead responsibility
for the data in that record. Generally, whenever the BCD System is installed in a new data
center, the users in that office should meet with existing users in other offices in the state to
coordinate which office will maintain the master record. This will prevent any possible
divergence in data between offices for that record. No user should ever delete a record or
make substantive changes without notifying the office that has lead responsibility for that
record.
The power of the BCD System lies with the user. The BCD System is merely a tool, and like
most tools, requires care and maintenance. The System is not a substitute for work; the data
in it must be constantly modified and updated for a more accurate approximation of reality.
Changes and events in the real world may quickly outpace the currency of information in the
System unless staff resources are devoted to its maintenance. Investing the time and resources
to maintain good data may seem an onerous burden. Doing so however, will ensure the
maximum benefit of good conservation that comes with good information.
11
BIOLOGICAL and CONSERVATION DATA SYSTEM
(1992 Edition)
LEGEND
DATA RELATIONS DIAGRAM
geographic entity
one-to-one relationship
one-to-many relationship
SOURCES
EL RANK
MAs
many-to-many relationship
ELEMENT
EL CHAR
TRACTs
RANKING
EL STEW
EL TRACK
EOs
SITEs
MANAGED
AREAS
ELEMENT
ELEMEN T
TAXES
CHARACTERIZATION
TRACKING
ELEMENT
ELEMENT
SITES
TRACTS
STEWARDSHIP
OCCURRENCES
ECOMONITORING
PROJECTS
EOs
MAs
SITEs
EOs
TRACTs
ACTIONS
ECO.VISITS
TRACTs
TRANSACTIONS
CONTACTS
TRANSACTIONs
ACTCODE
TRACT
EXPERTS
C. The Nature Conservancy, 1992
(All rights reserved)
TRANSACTIONS
Pauland Deborah Crosette
34607 SR704 E.
ashford, WA. 98304
William J. Clenton
Pride to the thousand
april 21, 1993
The White House
alashington, D.C.
20500
Dear President Clintons
Subject: appeals Regulations Tax Credulity
We are opposed to the U.S. forest Service's (USFS)
proposed rule for commenting on and appealing
"project level decisions". We have been involved and
in monitoring USFS projects for 3 years have
district that would be undermined by this proposal.
developed a working relationship with our Ranger
There are at least 4 areas of concern:
1. The proposed rule comment period of only 15 days
is Indicrous We have not even seen the
proposal yet but have just received information
about it from the Western ancient forest Campaign
It seems this is a play to minemize public
comment.
2. The proposed rule allows the us 7s. to declare
an emergency and thereby avoid giving citizens
any opportunity to comment or to appeal. The
loosely defined "emergency" allows for many
mistakes to be made where the public hasa
right to participate in the management of
their lands: We have just as much right
or more to influence emergency decisions
2
2. (cont.) or nonemergency decisions. It may
be liven more crucial to have public input
before an emergency decision is made We
see this do a possible intent Congress had
for not authorizing emergency exemptions for
the comment period t for appeals in the law
enacted last year. Therefore, we oppose the emergency provision.
3. E limination of the "mailbox rule" would
very definitely hamper our ability to participate
in the public comment of appeals process. We
line in a rural of more remote area where most of
our correspondence is by mail. It takes more
time for us to receive written material than
in an urban area. We are also volunteers and
have a family, so our volunteer time is limited.
What has worked best is the "mailbox rule"
Where postmarking the envelope by the last day
of the comment period gives the the certainty
that our voice will be heard r counted
4. the proposed rule fails to incoporate an
express requirement of the law passed by
Congress: anyone who has asked to be notified
about tember sales or other projects & anyone
who has participated in the early stages of
project development (eg. scoping on a timber
sale), must be mailed a notice of the opportunity
to submit comment on a proposal Both of these
requirements are in the current FS ap peals
rule + are expressly required by the new
Crosetti
206 5692789
P.03
3.
4. (cont.) law (which intentionally followed
the current Forest Service rule). We are
antraged that this express statutory
requirement was not included in the
new proposal after all, the new rule
is about public participation or as we
view it, the restriction of public
participation. In the wake of our fore-
fathers' democratic ideals, this is
Infation without representation We
have the right to participate in the
management of our public lands for
which we are being taked and that
right must be stated in the new
proposed rule as a further guarantie.
We hope these comments will help
to develop an improved process for
public participation
Sincerely,
Paul and Deborah Crosetti
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The
Nature
Conservancy
Biological and Conservation Data System
The Biological and Conservation Data (BCD) System is a PC-based data management package that
facilitates the collection, distribution, and exchange of information pertinent to the preservation of
biological diversity. Major classes of data in the BCD System include information on species and
community types and occurrences, sites, land ownership parcels, managed areas, and sources of
information. The BCD System is extremely flexible with regard to data retrieval, report generation,
and data manipulation, and it embodies the full power of a state-of-the-art database management
system (Advanced Revelation). The BCD System represents The Nature Conservancy's sixth
generation of biodiversity data management software; it is now the standard tool for managing and
exchanging biodiversity inventory data in the Natural Heritage Data Center Network.
Features & Benefits
Menu-driven operation
Excellent performance with large data sets
Command-level operation
Standardization facilitates data exchange
Flexible reporting
Data export capabilities for transfer of
Full array of utility routines
information to other standard GIS (ARC-INFO,
Large User Community
GRASS, etc.) or other database applications
Software requirements
PC/MS DOS, Advanced Revelation database management system (version 2.O), BCD application
package. PC Anywhere communications software is recommended. A memory management software
package (386Max, QEMM) is required for PCs that are not using PC/MS DOS 5.0.
Hardware requirements
Computer: The BCD System runs on any IBM or compatible PC with an 80386-class or faster
processor. A 80286 class processor can be used if the system is outfitted with a LIM 4.0 EMS memory
expansion board and preferably a math coprocessor.
Hard Disk: A minimum of 70 Mb is recommended.
Monitor: The BCD System can be used with a monochrome or color monitor.
Printer: Laser printer or dot-matrix printer.
Tape Backup Unit: Mountain (or similar) unit is strongly recommended for backing up large amounts
of data.
Memory: Two megabytes of RAM minimum.
Disk Caching: If a computer with disk caching is to be used with the BCD, the disk caching should have
the ability to be disabled. An IDE type hard disk with disk caching should not be used.
The following are registered trademarks of the companies herewith: Advanced Revelation: Revelation Technologies, Inc.; IBM: International
Business Machines Corporation.
Copyright. © 1989 The Nature. Conservancy
May -1992
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
The Nature Conservancy
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
The
Nature
Conservancy
PHOTOCOPY
PRESERVATION
The
Nature
Conservancy
Natural
Heritage
Program &
Conservation
Data Center
Network
March 1993
NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM &
CONSERVATION DATA CENTER NETWORK
Natural Heritage Programs (NHPs) and Conservation Data Centers (CDCs) are continually updated,
computer assisted inventories of the biological and ecological features and biodiversity preservation of
the country or region in which they are located. These data centers are designed to assist in
conservation planning, natural resource management, environmental impact assessment and planning
for sustainable development.
The Network: Where are The NHPs and CDCs
There are now 85 data centers operating in the western hemisphere including all 50 U.S. states (most
are called Natural Heritage Programs), several U.S. Bioreserves and National Parks, Puerto Rico, three
Canadian provinces, and 13 countries in Latin America (CDCs) and the Caribbean. Regional centers
provide administrative and technical support to the individual programs.
Each data center is established within a local institution, most frequently as part of a government
agency responsible for natural resource management and protection. While individual centers are
under local control and are staffed by local scientists and conservationists, they also operate within a
network. Tasks that only need be done once for all the CDCs and Heritage Programs, are apportioned
to one unit with the results shared throughout the network.
Methodology: How the NHPs and CDCs Work
Each data center uses the Biological and Conservation Data System as the basis for its operation, a
system developed and refined by The Nature Conservancy since 1974. The information is managed in
more than 30 interrelated computer files, supported by extensive map and manual files, and a library.
A trained staff of biologists, natural resource specialists and data managers interprets the data for use
in local conservation and development planning, natural resource management and environmental
impact assessment.
Information assembled and managed by data centers focuses on: ecosystems and species, their biology,
habitats, locations, conservation status and management needs; managed areas such as National Parks,
Forest Reserves, and watersheds; and on data sources.
Each center compiles information from existing sources such as scientific literature, knowledgeable
people, and museum collections. The local staff also directs and conducts field inventories of species
and natural communities of special concern, or may be contracted for biological assessments of
specific sites. Each study and report benefits from earlier work in the same area and, through the
network, related information gathered at other times and places multiplies the local effort. Central
network databases are supported through cooperative agreements with academic and scientific
institutions.
The Nature Conservancy's Role
The Nature Conservancy is involved in the establishment and operation of the CDCs by providing
technical, scientific and administrative support and training. The Conservancy also makes available
the computer technology, data inventory and management methodology, and procedure manuals used
by CDCs and Natural Heritage Programs. The methodology constantly undergoes improvements as
part of the partnership between the data centers and The Nature Conservancy. These continual
advancements ensure that the entire network remains responsive to the needs of the conservation and
development communities.
All told, there are over 400 biologists and computer technicians dedicated to the combined effort, with
several hundred others working part-time on biological inventories and research. The Nature
Conservancy is the administrative center of this network, promoting communications and the exchange
of data, solutions and expertise throughout the network.
Applications: How NHPS and CDCs Are Used
Conservation Planning: The data center's integrated biological and land-use information is used to
identify critical areas in need of protection, and to establish conservation priorities on a regional,
national and global basis.
Development Planning: To help facilitate design and implementation of ecologically sound
development projects, data centers provide biological and ecological information to multilateral
development banks, bilateral development agencies, corporations both multi-national and local, as well
as in-country governmental agencies.
Park and Protected Area Management: Wise stewardship of natural areas requires detailed
knowledge of sensitive and endangered biological features. Information maintained by Heritage
Programs and CDCs on parks, forest reserves, and wild areas, and the management requirements of
their biological elements, is used to improve management practices.
Research and education: Results from each center's inventory work guides new basic applied.
scientific research. The biological databases represent an important resource for long-term
environmental monitoring.
For more information contact the Science Division (703) 841-4888.
March 1993
CONTENTS
State Heritage Programs
1
Regional Heritage Data Centers
10
Canada Provincial Programs
12
Latin American/Caribbean Programs
13
TNC Science Division/Headquarters
16
Regional Support and Service Centers
18
Data Network Cooperators
19
UNITED STATES (3/93)
ARKANSAS NATURAL HERITAGE COMMISSION
Suite 1500, Tower Bldg.
323 Center Street
State Heritage Programs
Little Rock, AR 72201
501/324-9150 FAX 501/324-9154
DIRECTOR: Harold K. Grimmett
(Please use names & addresses when dialing FAX)
DEPUTY DIRECTOR: Mina Marsh
CHIEF OF RESEARCH/ECOLOGIST: Tom Foti
ALABAMA NATURAL HERITAGE SECTION
CHIEF OF STEWARDSHIP: John Beneke
Dept. of Conservation & Natural Resources
DATA MGR/ENV.REVIEW: Cindy Osborne
Division of Lands
PR/EDUCATION: Bill Shepherd
Folsom Administration Building
ADMINISTRATIVE ASST: Toni Snow
64 N. Union St., Room 421
OFFICE MANAGER: Peggy Gibson
Montgomery, AL 36130
205/242-3484 FAX: 205/242-0999
CALIFORNIA NATURAL HERITAGE DIVISION
COORDINATOR/BOTANIST: Scott Gunn
The Resources Agency
ZOOLOGIST: Mark Bailey
Dept. of Fish & Game
ECOLOGIST: Chris Oberholster
1416 9th Street, 12th floor
AQUATIC ZOOLOGIST: Jim Godwin
Sacramento, CA 95814
DATA MANAGER: vacant
916/322-2493 FAX: 916/324-0475
BOTANIST: vacant
CHIEF: Susan A. Cockrane, 324-8348
ASST. CHIEF: Felix Arteaga, 323-7228
ALASKA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
ADMIN OFFICER: Steve Nicholls, 739-4752
707 A Street, Suite 208
DIRECTOR/CNDDB: Kata Bartoloni, 327-0712
Anchorage, AK 99501
ADMIN ASST: Karen Bates, 324-0566*
907/279-4549 FAX: 907/258-9139
NDDB
PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Judy Sherburne
BOTANIST: Roxanne Bittman, 323-8970
ECOLOGIST: Jerry Tande
ASST BOTANIST: vacant, 324-3815
VEG.ECOL: Michael Shephard, 747-4239
ASST BOTANIST: Tim Nosal, 327-0715
VEG.ECOL: Keith Boggs
ZOOLOGIST: Darlene McGriff, 322-2494
BOTANIST: Robert Lipkin
ASST ZOOLOGIST: Dee Warenycea, 322-7307
ZOOLOGIST: Ed West
ASST ZOOLOGIST: Eric Kleinfelter, 323-0449
DATA MANAGER: Julie Michaelson
ECOLOGIST: Todd Keeler-Wolf, 324-6857
ASST.DATA MGR: Randall Collins
ASSOC ECOLOGIST: Cyndi Roye, 324-3818*
ADM.ASST: Marilee Clack Tande
ASSOC ECOLOGIST: Kari Lewis, 322-1869
GIS
ARIZONA DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
GIS SUPERVISOR: Tom Lupo, 445-6264
Arizona Game & Fish Department
GIS ASST: Beth Bennett, 445-6383
2221 W. Greenway Rd.
GIS TECHNICIAN: Cathy Paladini Lewis, 445-6383*
Phoenix, AZ 85023
SYS ADMIN: Byron Muntyan, 327-6292
602/789-3612 FAX: 602/789-3920
INFO SRVCS COORD: Nancy Vierra, 327-5960*
GIS/DATABASE SUPER: Fenton Kay -3614
LNAP
COORDINATOR: Barry Spicer
COORDINATOR: Steve Nicola, 322-6469
DATA MANAGER: Sabra Schwartz
BIODIV. PROT PLNR: Marc Hoshovsky, 322-2446
SYSTEMS MGR: Dale Ward
LAND PROT PLANNER: Carrie Shaw, 327-5656*
DATA MGMT. ASST: Dusti Ide
ASST PROT PLANNER: Michael Byrne, 322-1950*
DATA MGMT. ASST: vacant
REALTY SERVICES: vacant, 327-0711
REALTY SRVCS ASST: Sharon Taylor, 323-7194
*TNC Contract Staff
COLORADO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
FLORIDA NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY
c/o University of Colorado Museum
1018 Thomasville Rd.
Hunter 115
Suite 200-C
Campus Box 315
Tallahassee, FL 32303
Boulder, CO 80309-0315
904/224-8207; 224-0626 FAX: 904/681-9364
303/492-4719 FAX: 303/492-5105
COORDINATOR: Jim Muller
COORDINATOR: Chris Pague -3960
SENIOR ZOOLOGIST: Dale Jackson
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Steve Kettler -4637
ZOOLOGIST: John Palis
INFO. MANAGER: Katie Pague -4719
RES.SCI/ZOOLOGY: Daniel Hipes
DATA TECHNICIAN: Cathy Porter
ECOLOGIST: Steve Orzell
SENIOR BOTANIST: Richard Hilsenbeck
CONNECTICUT NATURAL DIVERSITY
RES.SCI BOT/ECOLOGY: Ann Johnson
DATABASE
MANAGED AREAS BIOL: Gary Knight
Natural Resources Center
RES.ASST/DATA HNDLR-EGLIN: Angela Crook
Department of Environmental Protection
RES.SCI/BOTANIST-EGLIN AFB: Richard Eilers
State Office Building, Rm. 553
DATA MANAGER: Katy NeSmith
165 Capitol Avenue
ASSISTANT DATA MANAGER: John Amoroso
Hartford, CT 06106
RESEARCH ASST: Michael Evans
203/566-3540 FAX: 203/566-7932
RESEARCH ASST: David Printiss
COORDINATOR: Nancy Murray
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWER: Steve Jones
BOTANIST: Les Mehrhoff
RES.ASST/DATA HANDLER: Tom Ostertag
ECOLOGIST: Ken Metzler
RES.ASST/DATA HANDLER: Vicky Garland
ZOOLOGIST: Dawn McKay
RES.ASST/DATA HANDLER: Sally Jue
INFORMATION MGR: Stacey Kingsbury
RES.ASST/DATA HANDLER: David Printiss
GIS MANAGER/SCIENTIST: Chengxia You
DELAWARE NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
GIS SCIENTIST: Scott Taylor
Division of Parks & Recreation
ADMINISTRATIVE ASST: Barbara Benzin
89 Kings Hwy
SECRETARY: Theresa Miller
Dover, DE 19903
SECRETARY: vacant
302/739-5285 FAX: 302/739-3817
COORDINATOR: vacant
GEORGIA FRESHWATER WETLANDS &
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Keith Clancy -3421
HERITAGE INVENTORY
BOTANIST: Bill McAvoy
Game and Fish Division
INFO.MGR/ZOOLOGIST: Dave Rothstein
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
2117 U.S. Highway 278 S.E.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Social Circle, GA 30279
(Contact Headquarters Heritage Task Force)
706/557-2514 FAX: 706/557-2770
PROGRAM MANAGER: John Bozeman
BOTANIST: Thomas Patrick
ECOLOGIST: Jonathan Ambrose
GIS SPECIALIST: Christopher Canalos
SPECIAL PROJ. BOTANIST: James Allison
DATA MANAGER: Greg Krakow
2
HAWAII HERITAGE PROGRAM
INDIANA NATURAL HERITAGE DATA CENTER
The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii
Div. of Nature Preserves
1116 Smith St., Suite 201
Department of Natural Resources
Honolulu, HI 96817
402 W. Washington St., Rm. W267
808/537-4508 FAX: 808/545-2019
Indianapolis, IN 46204
SCIDIRECTOR/ECOLOGIST: Samuel M. Gon
317/232-4052 FAX: 317/232-8036
ASSOC.BIOLOGIST: Theresa Cabrera
COORDINATOR/BOT: Cloyce Hedge
DATA MANAGER: Roy Kam
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Mike Homoya
BOTANICAL SPEC: Joel Lau
ECOLOGIST: Roger Hedge
BOTANIST: Joan Yoshioka
ENV.REV/ECOL: Hank Huffman
ASSOC.BOTANIST: Gail Chun
DATA MGR/ZOOL: Michelle Martin
ZOOLOGIST: Luciana Honigman
ASSOC.ECOLOGIST: Bill Garnett
IOWA NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY
ASSOC.ZOOLOGIST: Dan Zevin
Bureau of Preserves & Ecological Services
GIS CRD/CARTOGRAPHER: Dwight Matsuwaki
Dept. of Natural Resources
SCIENCE WRITER/EDITOR: Wendy Falks
Wallace State Office Bldg.
Des Moines, IA 50319
IDAHO CONSERVATION DATA CENTER
515/281-8524 FAX: 515/281-8895
Dept. of Fish & Game
COORDINATOR/ZOOL: Daryl Howell -8524
600 S. Walnut Street, Box 25
ECOLOGIST: John Pearson -3891
Boise, ID 83707
BOTANIST: vacant
208/334-3402 FAX: 208/334-2114
DATA HANDLER: John Fleckenstein -8967
COORDINATOR/BOTANIST-ECOL: Bob Moseley
ZOOLOGIST: Chuck Harris
KANSAS NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY
DATA MANAGER: George Stephens
Kansas Biological Survey
ASSISTANT DATA MGR: Julie Kaltenecker
2041 Constant Ave.
Lawrence, KS 66047-2906
ILLINOIS NATURAL HERITAGE DIVISION
913/864-3453 FAX: 913/864-7789
Department of Conservation
COORD/BOTANIST: Craig Freeman -3453
524 S. 2nd St.
ZOOLOGIST/DATA MGR: Bill Busby -7692
Springfield, IL 62706
ECOLOGIST: Chris Lauver -7691
217/785-8774 FAX: 217/785-8277
ECOLOGIST: Kelly Kindscher -7698
DIVISION CHIEF: Carl Becker
ADMIN.ASST: Linda Williams
EXEC SEC'Y: Marilyn Neale
SECTION MGR/MAMMALOGIST: Jim Garner
Illinois Natural Heritage Database
DATABASE PROJ.MGR: Celine D'Onofrio
DATABASE PROJ.MGR: Jean Karnes
DB PROJ.MGR (TNC): Susan Holmes 782-2685
DATABASE OFFICE ASSOC: Robin Casson
Endangered Species Conservation Program
PROGRAM MANAGER: Deanna Glosser
PROJECT MGR: Glen Kruse
OFFICE ASSOC: Louise Myers
Natural Areas Program
PROGRAM MANAGER: Don McFall
PROJECT MGR: Bill McClain
Botany Program
PROGRAM MANAGER: John Schwegman
Avian Ecology Program
PROGRAM MANAGER: Vernon Kleen
3
KENTUCKY HERITAGE PROGRAM
MARYLAND NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
KY Nature Preserves Commission
Dept. of Natural Resources
407 Broadway
Tawes State Office Bldg., E-1
Frankfort, KY 40601
Annapolis, MD 21401
502/564-2886
410/974-2870 FAX: 410/974-5592
ACTING DIRECTOR/BOT-ECOL: Marc Evans
DIRECTOR: Janet McKegg
SEC 6 COORD/BOTANIST: Margaret Shea
C.REG.ECOLOGIST: Rodney Bartgis,301/416-2503
SPECIAL PROJECTS/BOTANIST:
W.REG.ECOLOGIST: Ed Thompson, 301/689-8215
Deborah White
W.ENV.SPECIALIST: Dan Feller
AQUATIC BIOLOGIST: Ronald Cicerello
W.ENV.SPECIALIST: Ashton Berdine
LAND PROTECTION SPECIALIST:
W.REG.REGISTRY: Ken Hotopp
Landon McKinney
END.SPEC.BIOLOGIST: Laurie MacIvor
TERRESTRIAL ZOOLOGIST:
ENV.SPECIALIST: Richard Wiegand
Brainard Palmer-Ball
E.REG.ECOLOGIST: Katharine McCarthy
STEW COORD: Joyce Bender
E.REG.REGISTRY: Doug Samson
STEW ASST: Cynthia Campbell
E.REG.REGISTRY: Julie Modlin
ASST PRESERVE MGR: Kristin Snyder
DATABASE COORD: Lynn Davidson
DATA MGR/BOTANIST: Tom Bloom
DATABASE BOTANIST: Gene Cooley
ASST DATA MGR: Laurel McNeil
DATABASE ZOOLOGIST: Judy Harding
EXEC SEC/OFFICE MGR: Linda Pollock
DATABASE ASST: Christine Simoes
SECRETARY: Melissa Shramm
CHESAPEAKE BAY ECOLOGIST: Wayne Tyndall
ENV.REV.COORD: Cynthia Sibrel
LOUISIANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
EVN.REV.SEC'Y: Dorothy Crowner
Department of Wildlife & Fisheries
SECRETARY: Deborah Brooks
P.O. Box 98000
Baton Rouge, LA 70898-9000
MASSACHUSETTS NATURAL HERITAGE &
504/765-2821 FAX: 504/765-2607
ENDANGERED SPECIES PROGRAM
COORDINATOR: Gary Lester -2823
Div. of Fisheries & Wildlife
BOTANIST: Julia Larke -2975
100 Cambridge St.
ECOLOGIST: Latimore Smith -2976
Boston, MA 02202
ZOOLOGIST: Steve Shively -2820
617/727-9194 FAX: 617/727-7288
NONGAME BIOL: Bill Vermillion -2976
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR: Tom French
SECRETARY: Audry Cashio -2821
COORDINATOR: Henry Woolsey
FT.POLK INV.COORD: Barbara Hart -2643
BOTANIST: Paul Somers, 508/792-7270
DATA MGR: vacant
ZOOLOGIST: Scott Melvin, 508/792-7270
ORNITHOL: Brad Blodget, 508/792-7270
MAINE NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
ECOLOGIST: Pat Swain
Office of Community Development
ENVIR.REVIEW: Jay Copeland
State House Station 130
WETLANDS ENVIR.REVIEW: Pat Huckery
219 Capitol Ave.
INFO.SYSTEMS MGR: Gretchen Eliason
Augusta, ME 04333
SEC'Y/ENVIR.REVIEW ASST: Diane Lauber
207/624-6800 FAX: 207/624-6810
EAGLE PROJECT LDR: Bill Davis, 508/792-7270
COORDINATOR/ZOOL: John Albright -6807
ASST DATA MGR: Kelly Slater
ECOLOGIST: Susan Gawler -6847
NEWSLETTER WRITER/EDITOR: Sally Carroll
DATA TECHNICIAN: Molly Docherty
4
MICHIGAN NATURAL FEATURES INVENTORY
MISSISSIPPI NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Mason Building, 5th floor
Museum of Natural Science
Box 30028
111 N. Jefferson St.
Lansing, MI 48909
Jackson, MS 39201-2897
517/373-1552 FAX: 517/373-6705
601/354-7303 FAX: 601/354-7227
(COORDINATOR: Leni Wilsmann, 373-7565 on
COORDINATOR/BOTANIST: Ken Gordon
temporary assignment)
ECOLOGIST: Ronald Wieland
ACTING COORDINATOR/RESEARCH BIOL:
ZOOLOGIST: Tom Mann
Judy Soule, 335-4581
NATURAL AREAS STEWARD: vacant
FIELD COORDINATOR/ECOLOGIST Dennis Albert,
DATA HANDLER: Brigette Cliburn
335-4580
ZOOLOGIST: Mary Rabe, 335-4843
MISSOURI NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY
ASSOC. ECOLOGIST: Patrick Comer, 335-4581
Missouri Dept. of Conservation
BOTANIST: Mike Penskar, 335-4582
P.O. Box 180
ASST.BOTANIST: Elaine Chittenden, 335-3973
FedEx: 2901 W. Truman Blvd.
INFORMATION MGR: Lyn Scrimger, 373-1599
Jefferson City, MO 65102
ASST. INFO MGR: Teresa Leibfried, 373-1599
314/751-4115 FAX: 314/893-6079
PROTECTION SPECIALIST: Kim Herman, 373-1263
PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR: Rick Thom-x193
ASST. PROTECTION SPEC: Will MacKinnon
END.SPEC.COORDINATOR: Dennis Figg-x309
LANDOWNER CONTACT ASST: John Paskus,
WILDLIFE ECOLOGIST: Rozalynn Johnson -x647
373-9405
ECOL/BOTANIST: Tim Nigh-x296
ADMIN.ASST: Suzanne Ridge, 373-1552
BOTANIST: Tim Smith-x200
COMPUTER SPECIALIST: Rick Wolters-x310
MINNESOTA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
DATABASE MGR: Dorothy Butler-x310
Department of Natural Resources
SECRETARY: Diana Munsterman-x204
500 Lafayette Rd., Box 7
St. Paul, MN 55155
MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
612/296-3344 FAX: 612/297-4961
State Library Building
ACT.COORDINATOR: Robert Dana
1515 E. 6th Ave.
BOTANIST: Welby Smith
Helena, MT 59620
BOTANIST/ECOLOGIST: Nancy Sather
406/444-3009 FAX: 406/444-5612
ECOLOGIST: Kurt Rusterholz
COORDINATOR/ZOOL: David Genter -3019
ECOLOGIST: Jan Wolff
ZOOLOGIST: Jim Reichel -2546
INFO.SYST.MGR: Al Epp
BOTANIST: Bonnie Heidel -0536
GRAPHICS ART: Tom Klein
ECOLOGIST: vacant
PUBLIC RELATIONS COORD: B.J. Farley
DATA MGR: Margaret Beer -3009
Nongame Wildlife Research Program:
ASST. DATA MANAGER: Cory Craig -3488
ACTING SUPV: Bonita Eliason
MAPPING/GIS SPEC.: Cedron Jones -3488
GRANTS COORD: Richard Baker
USFS Region 1
DATABASE MANAGER: Mary Miller
Federal Bldg. PO Box 7669
DATA MGMT.ASST: Cindy Thurston
Missoula, MT 59807
DATA MGMT.ASST: Sharron Nelson
BOTANIST (WLF): Steve Shelly-406/329-3041
County Biological Survey:
NATURAL AREAS ECOL (RAWE): Steve Chadde
COORDINATOR: Carmen Converse
406/329-3141
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Norm Aaseng
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Robert Dana
NEBRASKA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Barb Delaney
Game and Parks Commission
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Hannah Dunevitz
2200 N. 33rd St.
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Fred Harris
P.O. Box 30370
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Donna Sheridan
Lincoln, NE 68503
ECOLOGIST/BOT: Scott Zager
402/471-5421 FAX: 402/471-5528
ANIMAL COORD: Gerda Nordquist
ZOOLOGIST: Mary Kay Clausen -5421
ANIMAL SURVEY: Steve Stucker
BOTANIST: Mike Fritz -5419
ANIMAL SURVEY: Carol Dorff
ECOL/DATA MGR: Gerry Steinauer -5469
ANIMAL SURVEY: Karl Bardon
DATA CLERK: Jan Hyngstrom
TECHNICAL WRITER: Dan Wovcha
5
NEVADA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
NEW YORK NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Dept. of Conservation & Natural
Dept. of Environmental Conservation
Resources
700 Troy-Schenectady Rd.
123 W. Nye
Latham, NY 12110-2400
Carson City, NV 89710
518/783-3932 FAX: 518/783-3916
702/687-4245 FAX: 702/885-0868
COMPUTER: 518/783-3946
COORDINATOR/ZOOL: Glenn Clemmer
COORD/ZOOL: Kathryn Schneider
BOTANIST: Jim Morefield
ECOLOGIST: Carol Reschke
DATA MANAGER: Kevin Cooper
BOTANIST: Stephen Young
INFO MGR: Rachel Pleuthner -3944
NEW HAMPSHIRE NATURAL HERITAGE
INFO MGMT ASST: Nicholas Conrad
INVENTORY
INFO MGMT ASST: Nancy Davis-Ricci
Dept. of Resources & Economic Development
ASSOC.ECOL/BOTANIST: Kathleen Strakosch
172 Pembroke St.
ASSOC. ZOOL: Paul Novak
P.O. Box 856
MIGRATORY BIRD PROJ COORD: Kris Agard
Concord, NH 03301
716/546-8030
603/271-3623 FAX: 603/271-2629
COORDINATOR/BOT: David Moore
NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE
ECOLOGIST: Dan Sperduto
Dept. of Environment, Health &
DATA MANAGER/BIOLOGIST: Andy Cutko
Natural Resources
Div. of State Parks & Recreation
NEW JERSEY NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Box 27687
Office of Natural Lands Management
Raleigh, NC 27611
501 E. State St., CN404
919/733-7701
FAX: 919/733-2622
Trenton, NJ 08625
COORDINATOR: Linda Pearsall -7701
609/984-1339 FAX: 609/984-1427
BOTANIST/ASST COORD: Alan Weakley -7701
COORD/ECOL: Tom Breden, 984-0097
PROTECTION SPEC: Ann Prince
BOTANIST: David Snyder, 984-7849
ZOOLOGIST: Harry LeGrand, Jr. -4181
ZOOLOGIST: Rick Dutko, 984-0059
ECOLOGIST: Mike Schafale -4181
ASSOC.ECOLOGIST: Andy Windisch, 984-7370
INVERT.ZOOL/DATA MGR: Steve Hall -7701
DATA MGR: Elena Williams, 633-2765
INV.SPEC/BOTANIST: Ann Kelly -7701
STATE PARK INVENTORIES: Benson Kirkman
NEW MEXICO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
University of New Mexico
NORTH DAKOTA NATURAL HERITAGE
2500 Yale Blvd., SE, Suite 100
INVENTORY
Albuquerque, NM 87131-1091
N.D. Parks & Tourism Department
505/277-1991 FAX: 505/277-7587
604 East Boulevard Avenue
DIRECTOR/RES.ZOOL: Pat Mehlhop -5600
Bismarck, ND 58505
RES.ECOLOGIST: Esteban Muldavin -1982
701/224-4892 FAX: 701/224-4878
RES.BOTANIST: Ellen DeBruin -1983
PLANNING & NAT.RES.COORD: Jesse Hanson
DATA MGR: Tina Carlson -1991
NATURE PRESERVES COORD: Kathy Armstrong
ZOOLOGIST: Randy Kreil
N.D. Game & Fish Dept.
100 N. Bismarck Expressway
Bismarck, ND 58501
701/221-6321
6
OHIO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
PENNSYLVANIA NATURAL DIVERSITY
Div. of Natural Areas & Preserves
INVENTORY
Dept. of Natural Resources
PNDI-EAST
Fountain Square, Bldg. F
The Nature Conservancy
Columbus, OH 43224
34 Airport Dr.
614/265-6453
FAX: 614/267-3096
Middletown, PA 17057
DIV.CHIEF: Ralph E. Ramey -6452
717/948-3962 FAX: 717/948-3957
Data Management Unit:
COORDINATOR: Anthony Wilkinson
SUPERVISOR: Pat Jones -6472
ECOLOGIST: Anthony Davis
DATA SPEC: Debra Woishke -6818
ECOLOGY RES.ASST: Julie Lundgren
DATA SPEC: Jennifer Hillmer -6409
BOTANIST: John Kunsman
Botanical Inventory Unit:
INFO. MANAGER: Jill Belfonti
CHIEF BOTANIST: Allison Cusick -6471
ZOOLOGIST: Barbara Barton
BOT. (Marietta,OF Marilyn Ortt 373-3372
Zoological Inventory Unit:
PNDI-WEST
CHIEF ZOOLOGIST: Dan Rice -6469
Western Pennsylvania Conservancy
Natural Areas Program
OKLAHOMA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY
316 Fourth Ave.
Oklahoma Biological Survey
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
2001 Priestly Ave., Bldg. 605
412/288-2777 FAX: 412/281-1792
Norman, OK 73019-0543
COORDINATOR/BOT: Paul Wiegman -2774
405/325-1985 FAX: 405/325-7702
ECOLOGIST: Charles Bier
COORD/BOTANIST: Linda Watson -5357
DATA MGR: Chris Boget
DATA MGR: Ian Butler -5386, 7599
DATA HANDLER: Bernie Beck
TERRESTRIAL ZOOL: Mark Lomolino -2440
AQUATIC ZOOL: Caryn Vaughn -2753
BUREAU OF FORESTRY
PLANT COMM ECOL: Bruce Hoagland -5374
PA Dept. of Environmental Resources
SEC/ACCOUNTANT: Karla Anderson -1985
P.O. Box 8552
Main Biological Survey office
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552
405/325-4034
717/783-0388
DIRECTOR: Gary Schnell
STATE COORD/BOT: Kathy McKenna -0388
ADMIN ASST: Marsha Womack
BOTANIST: Edward Dix -0392
RECEPTIONIST: Pam Pogorelc
RHODE ISLAND HERITAGE PROGRAM
OREGON NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Dept. of Environmental Mgmt.
Oregon Field Office
Div. of Planning & Development
1205 NW 25th Avenue
83 Park St.
Portland, OR 97210
Providence, RI 02903
503/229-5078 FAX: 503/228-3153
401/277-2776 FAX: 401/277-2591
COORD/ECOLOGIST: Jimmy Kagan
COORDINATOR/BOT Rick Enser
ZOOLOGIST: Mark Stern
ENVIR.PLAN/DATA MGR: Joanne Michaud
ZOOLOGY DATA HANDLER: Eleanor Gaines
FIELD BOTANIST: Peter Zika
SOUTH CAROLINA HERITAGE TRUST
DATA MGR/BOTANIST: Sue Vrilakas
S.C. Wildl. & Marine Resources Dept.
WETLANDS/AQ.ECOL: John Christy
P.O. Box 167
Columbia, SC 29202
803/734-3893 FAX: 803/734-4086 (CALL 1st)
SECTION CHIEF: Tom Kohlsaat, 734-3912
COORDINATOR: Steve Bennett -3930
LAND PROT.COORD: Stu Greeter -3918
LAND PROT.ASST.: Mike Smith
BOTANIST: Albert Pittman -3920
DATA MANAGER: Kathy Boyle -4032
PRESERVE MGR: Jim Sorrow, 654-6738
PRESERVE MGR: Mary Strayer 654-6738
PRESERVE MGR: Jeffrey McLemore 4037
7
SOUTH DAKOTA NATURAL HERITAGE
VERMONT NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
S.D. Dept. of Game, Fish & Parks
Agency of Natural Resources
Wildlife Division
Center Building
523 E. Capitol Ave.
103 S. Main St.
Pierre, SD 57501-3182
Waterbury, VT 05671-0501
605/773-4227
FAX: 605/773-6245
802/244-7331
FAX: 802/244-1102
BOT/ECOLOGIST: Dave Ode -4227
INV.COORDINATOR/ZOOL: Chris Fichtel
NONGAME BIOL: Eileen Dowd -4229
WILDLIFE BOTANIST: Bob Popp
DATA MGR: Doug Backlund -4345
DATA MANAGER/BIOL.: Everett Marshall
ECOLOGICAL SERVICES DIVISION
VIRGINIA DIVISION OF NATURAL HERITAGE
Tennessee Dpt Environ. & Conserv.
Dept. of Conservation & Recreation
Life and Casualty Tower
Main Street Station
401 Church Street
1500 E. Main St., Suite 312
Nashville, TN 37243-0447
Richmond, VA 23219
615/532-0431 FAX: 615/532-0120
804/786-7951 FAX: 804/371-2674
DIRECTOR: Reggie Reeves -0434
DIV. DIRECTOR: Tom Smith, 371-6206
NAT.AREAS & HER.COOR: Daryl Durham
INVENTORY COORD: Leslie Trew, 371-6206
ZOOLOGIST: Paul Hamel
EXEC.SEC'Y: Pat Jarrell, 371-2671
BOTANIST: vacant
SEC/RECPT: Faye McKinney, 786-7951
DB MGR/COMM ECOL: Andrea Shea
ZOOLOGIST: Steve Roble, 786-8633
ENV.REV.COORD: Betsy Bunting
BOTANIST: Chris Ludwig, 225-4855
ADM.SECRETARY: Sandy Poole
BOTANY SPEC: Nancy VanAlstine, 786-8646
FIELD BOTANIST: Allen Belden
TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT
ECOLOGIST: Chris Clampitt, 225-4856
Endangered Resources Branch
VEG.ECOLOGIST: Tom Rawinski, 371-6203
3000 IH-35 Wouth, Ste. 100
FIELD ECOLOGIST: Gary Fleming
Austin, TX 78704
FIELD ZOOLOGIST: vacant, 371-6202
512/448-4311 FAX: 512/440-8887
ZOOLOGY SPEC: Phil Stevenson, 786-8646
BRANCH CHIEF: Gary Graham
INFORMATION MANAGER: Steve Carter-Lovejoy,
HERITAGE COORD: David Diamond, -20
786-8377
BRANCH SEC'Y: Jeannette Martinez, -40
INFORMATION MGMT ASST: Sarah Holbrook
END.SPECIES BIOL: LeeAnn Linam, -18
INFORMATION SPEC: Tracy O'Connell, 786-7951
END.SPECIES BIOL: David Hernandez, -26
ENVIR.REV.COORD: Tim O'Connell, 786-8646
ZOOLOGIST: Andy Price, -22
ENVIR.PROG.SPEC: Megan Rollins, 786-8646
ZOOLOGIST: Dean Keddy-Hector, -25
NATURAL AREAS MGR: Larry Smith,371-6205
ADMIN.TECH.I: Linda F. Moales, -11
FIELD ORNITHOLOGIST: Sarah Mabey
BOTANIST: Jackie Poole (2/93)
STEW. COORD: Caren Caljouw, 371-6204
BOTANIST: Bill Carr, -24
STEW. ASST: Kennedy Clark, 371-2672
DATA MGR: Dorinda Sullivan, -23
ASST.DATA MGR: Shannon Breslin, -21
RTC REVIEW COORD: Paul Turner, -46
UTAH NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
1636 West North Temple, Ste.316
Salt Lake City, UT 84116-3193
801/538-7201 FAX: 801/538-7315
COORDINATOR: Doug Stone
BOTANIST: Ben Franklin -7223
ZOOLOGIST: Robin Toone -7247
DATA MANAGER: Joel Peterson -7246
8
WASHINGTON NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
WISCONSIN NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Department of Natural Resources
Endangered Resources/4
1111 Washington St. SE
Dept. of Natural Resources
Olympia, WA 98504-7047
101 S. Webster St., Box 7921
206/902-1650 FAX: 206/902-1788
Madison, WI 53707
COORDINATOR/BOT: Mark Sheehan -1664
608/266-0924
FAX: 608/267-3579
WETLAND ECOLOGIST: Linda Kunze -1662
BUREAU SECTION CHIEF: Charles Pils, 266-2625
PLANT ECOLOGIST: Rex Crawford -1660
ACTING COORDINATOR: Randy Jurewicz, 267-7507
PLANT ECOLOGIST: Chris Chappell -1671
ECOLOGIST: Eric Epstein, 267-5038
ZOOLOGIST: Sandy Andelman -1672
BOTANIST: June Dobberpuhl, 267-5037
BOTANIST: John Gamon -1661
DATA MGR/BOTANIST: Thomas Meyer, 266-0394
BOTANIST: Debra Salstrom -1674
ZOOLOGIST: Bill Smith, 266-0924
INFO.SYSTEM MGR: Deborah Naslund -1666
ENV.REVIEW SPEC: Chris Reynolds
ASST INFO MGR: Jack McMillen -1673
ENV.REVIEW SPEC: Diane Mochon, 267-4585
ENV.REVIEW COORD: Sandy Norwood -1667
ENV.REVIEW SPEC: Cathy Bleser
SECRETARY: Dorian Smith -1701
ENV.REVIEW SPEC: Karen Agee, 266-3336
Natural Areas Program
ENV.REVIEW SPEC: John Pohlman, 264-6263
Dept. of Natural Resources
ENV.REVIEW TECH: Elizabeth Spencer
P.O. Box 47046
ENV.REVIEW SPEC/MAPPER: Rebecca Isenring
Olympia, WA 98504-7046
MAPPING SPECIALIST: Julie Bleser
206/902-1650 FAX: 206/902-1788
MANAGER: Michael Perez-Gibson -1653
WYOMING NATURAL DIVERSITY DATABASE
NATURAL AREA SCI: Reid Schuller -1679
3165 University Station
CONSERVATION BIOL: Janie Friebaum -1655
Laramie, WY 82071
NAT.RESOURCE TECH: Birdie Davenport -1677
307/766-3441 FAX: 307/766-2271
COORDINATOR/ECOL: George Jones -2720
WEST VIRGINIA NATURAL HERITAGE
ZOOLOGIST: Chris Garber
PROGRAM
RIPARIAN ECOLOGIST: Jill Walford
Dept. of Natural Resources
BOTANIST: Walt Fertig
Operations Center
DATA MGR/BOT.RES.ASST: Mary Neighbours
Ward Road
P.O. Box 67
Elkins, WV 26241
304/637-0245 FAX: 304/637-0250
COORDINATOR: Brian McDonald, x55
BOTANIST: P.J. Harmon, x42
DATA MANAGER: Barbara Sargent
ECOLOGIST/WVFO: Paul Trianosky
9
Regional Heritage Data Centers
BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY
700 Northwestern Plaza
Ashville, NC 28801
NAVAJO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
704/259-0760
Navajo Fish & Wildlife
NAT.RESOURCE MGMT. SPEC: Bambi Teague
P.O. Box 1480
Window Rock, AZ 86515-1480
EVERGLADES RESEARCH CENTER
602/871-6472 FAX: 602/871-6177 or 7040
EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK
COORD./ECOLOGIST: Mike Tremble -7059
c/o Biology Department
BOTANIST: Bill Hevron -7639
P.O. Box 249118
SYSTEM ANALYST I: Annette Polt -7603
University of Miami
SYSTEM ANALYST II: Carol Yazzie -7061
Coral Gables, FL 33124
BIOLOGIST II: John Nystedt -7060
305/284-3013 FAX: 305/284-3039
ZOOLOGIST: Patrick Ryan -7638
MARINE ECOLOGIST: Kathleen Sullivan
ZOOLOGIST: Gregory Aldrich -7638
DATA MANAGER: Mark Chiappone
ZOOLOGIST: vacant
ENVIRONMENTAL SPEC: vacant
GREAT SMOKY MTNS. NATIONAL PARK
WILDLIFE TECH: Steven P. Bahe -7070
Natural Resources Management
STEWARDSHIP/CONS.ED: Steve Chischilly -7070
ATTN: Janet Rock
NATURAL RES.TECH: Ruby Hale -7061
107 Park Headquarters Rd.
SECRETARY: Rosemary Haskie -6472
Gatlinburg, TN 37738
615/436-1250
TVA REGIONAL HERITAGE
COORD/RES MGMT SPEC: Keith Langdon -1250
River Basin Operations
GIS COMPUTER OP: Sue Powell -1298
Wildlife & Natural Heritage Resources
BOTANIST: Janet Rock -1254
Norris, TN 37828
SCI/DATA MANAGER: Andy Finton -1254
615/632-1593 FAX: 615/632-1612
COORDINATOR: William H. Redmond,
GULF ISLANDS NATIONAL SEASHORE
632-1593
1801 Gulf Breeze Parkway
BOTANIST: Joseph L. Collins, 632-1594
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
BIOL/BOT: Terri Smith, 632-1576
904/934-2605
NAT.AREAS COOR: Judith Bartlow, 632-1592
RES.MGMT. SPECIALIST: vacant
ZOOL: Charles P. Nicholson, 632-1590
ZOOL.(AQUATIC): Peggy Shute, 632-1661
MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARK
DATA MGR: Susan Jeffers, 632-1598
Division of Science and Resource Mgmt.
WETLANDS SCIENTIST: Burline Pullin, 632-1642
Mammoth Cave National Park
Mammoth Cave, KY 42259
502/758-2238
National Park Data Centers
CHIEF, SCIENCE & RES.MGMT: Jeff Bradybaugh
COMPUTER SPECIALIST: Anthony Gareau
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
c/o Trish Patterson
GREATER YELLOWSTONE CONSERVATION
75 Spring Street, SW
DATA CENTER
Atlanta, GA 30303
c/o Stu Coleman @ Yellowstone National Park
404/331-4916
P.O. Box 168
REGIONAL DATA MGR: Clifton Eakes
Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190
307/344-2157 FAX: 307/344-2158
COORDINATOR/ZOOLOGIST: Peter Feigley
BOTANIST/DATA MANAGER: Jennifer Whipple
10
National Forest Data Centers
NATIONAL FOREST IN FLORIDA
Dept. of Agriculture
227 N. Bronough St., Ste.4016
Tallahassee, FL 32301
904/681-7329
FAX: 904/681-7144
COORDINATOR/BOTANIST: Guy Anglin
NATIONAL FOREST IN NORTH CAROLINA
P.O. Box 2750
Asheville, NC 28802
704/257-4810
FOREST BOTANIST: Steve Simon
OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST
P.O. Box 1270
Hot Springs, AR 71902
501/321-5323
DISTRICT WIDE BOTANIST: Susan Hooks
VIRGINIA COAST RESERVE
The Nature Conservancy
P.O. Box 158
Brownsville Road
Nassawadox, VA 23413
804/442-3049 FAX: 804/442-5418
DIRECTOR: John M. Hall
ASST.PRES.MGR: Barry R. Truitt
AA: Karen B. Hall
SECY: Lynn M. Badger
CARETAKERS: Charlie T. Farlow
Jacqueline M. Farlow
GRNDSKPR/HSEKPR: Anne Truitt
11
CANADA
Provincial Programs
BRITISH COLUMBIA
CONSERVATION DATA CENTRE
Wildlife Branch
Ministry of Environment
780 Blanshard St.
Victoria, BC V8V 1X5
604/356-0928 FAX: 604/356-9145
COORDINATOR: Andrew Harcombe, 387-9798
BOTANIST: George Douglas, 356-0928
ZOOLOGIST: Syd Cannings, 387-6250
ECOLOGIST: Carmen Cadrin, 356-0929
DATA MANAGER: Sharon Hartwell, 356-0929
LE CENTRE DE DONNEES SUR
LE PATRIMOINE NATUREL DU QUEBEC
Ministere de l'Environnement
Direction de la conservation et
du patrimoine ecologique
2360 Ch. Ste-Foy, 1er étage
Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4H2
CANADA
418/644-3358 FAX: 418/646-6169
COORDINATOR: Francis Boudreau
BOTANIST: Jean Gagnon -3356
DATA MANAGER: Guy Jolicoeur -6361
SASKATCHEWAN CONSERVATION DATA
CENTRE
SK Dept of Natural Resources
3211 Albert St.
Regina, SK S4S 5W6
306/787-7196 FAX: 306/787-0024
COORDINATOR/ZOOLOGIST: Jim Duncan -7199
ECOLOGIST: Joyce Belcher -7197
BOTANIST: Sheila Lamont -7198
DATA MANAGER: Jeff Keith -7196
12
LATIN AMERICAN/
BASE DE DATOS DE CONSERVACION (BDC)
Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
CARIBBEAN PROGRAMS
Santa Domingo 3100,
Heredia, COSTA RICA
Tel.: 36-7692/7690 USA: 011-506
Conservation Data Centers
FAX: 011-506-36-2816
COORDINADORA: Rita María Alfaro
CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION
DIRECTOR: Dr. Rodrigo Gámez
DE BOLIVIA
ENCARGADO DE BOTANICA: Quirico Jiménez
Casilla 11250
ENCARGADO DE ZOOLOGIA: Luis Elizondo
Cota Cota, Calle 26 y Av. Muñoz Reyes S/N
ENCARGADO DE INFORMACION BIOLOGICA:
Edificio del Museo de Historia Natural
Renán Chavez
La Paz, BOLIVIA, S.A.
ENCARGADO DE COLECCIONES DE
Telefono: 797-399
VERTEBRADOS: Federico Chinchilla
USA: 011-591-2
A.A. PARCIAL: Ligia M. Solano A.
FAX: 011-591-2-797-399
DIRECTOR EJECUTIVO: Juan Pablo Arce
CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION
COORDINADORA TECNICA: María Marconi
DEL ECUADOR
BOTANICA: Sylvia Estensoro
Apartado 17-21-01332
ZOOLOGA: Isabel Mercado Tudor
Quito, ECUADOR
ECOLOGO: Marco Octavio Ribera
Tel. 560-678, USA: 011-593-2
ADMIN. DE BANCO DE DATOS: Marco Andrade
FAX: 011-593-2-560-678
Flores
COORDINADOR TECNICO: Tarsicio Granizo
A.A.: Sonia Penafiel
ECOLOGO: Gustavo Mosquera
SECRETARIA: Selva Escalera
ZOOLOGO: Tarsicio Granizo
SECRETARIA: Ingrid Saenz
BOTANICO: Aída Alvarez
ADMIN. DE BANCO DE DATOS: Edmundo
CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION
Dueñas
DE COLOMBIA
ORDENANZA: Raúl Chavez
Corporación Autónoma Regional del Cauca (CVC)
ASISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVA: Irma Hidalgo
Carrera 56 No.11-36; Apartado Aereo 2366
ADMINISTRADORA Norma Ruíz
Cali, COLOMBIA, S.A.
ASISTENTE TECNICA: María Belen Ribadeneira
Tel.: 30-6643 USA: 011-57-23
FAX: 011-57-23-30-4080
CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION
COORDINADOR: Eduardo Velasco Abad
DE GUATEMALA
ZOOLOGO: Eduardo Velasco Abad
Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (CECON)
BOTANICO: Juan Fernando Fernández
Universidad de San Carlos
A.A.: Sonia Lasso
Avenida de la Reforma 0-63, Zona 10
PROCESADOR DE DATOS/ZOOLOGO:
Ciudad de Guatemala, GUATEMALA
Carlos Quiceno
Tel.: 34-7662 or 34-6064 USA: 011-502-2
FAX: 011-502-2-34-76-62
COORDINADORA: Olga Isabel Valdez Rodas
ZOOLOGO: Claudio Méndez
BOTANICO: Herbert Droege
ECOLOGA: Rosalito Barrios
ADMIN. DE BANCO DE DATOS: Ricardo Santa
Cruz
AUXILIAR DE INVESTIGACION: Luis Enrique
Coronado
13
JAMAICA CONSERVATION DATA CENTER
CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION
Department of Botany
DE PANAMA
University of the West Indies
Asociación Nacional para la Conservación de
Kingston 7, JAMAICA
la Naturaleza (ANCON)
Tel. (809) 977-0743
Apartado Postal 1387
FAX: (809) 927-5035
Panamá 1, REPUBLICA DE PANAMA
DIRECTOR: Ian Ball
Tel: 64-8100 USA: 011-507
DATA MANAGER: Nella Stewart
FAX: 011-507-64-1836
ZOOLOGIST: Margaret Jones
JEFE/COORDINADORA: Graciela Palacios
BOTANIST: Wendy Parchment
BOTANICA: Dilia Santamaría
MARINE BIOLOGIST: Jonathan Littau
ZOOLOGO: Fernando A. Arosemena
SECRETARY: Christine Brown
ZOOLOGA: Belkys Jiménez R.
ADMIN. DE INFO: Rubén Vega
CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION
ASISTENTE DE COMPUTO: Rita Alvarado
DE LA NATURALEZA EN SONORA, MEXICO
OFICIAL, INFO. GEOGRAFICA: Vianca Cedeño
Carretera a Guaymas Km. 2.5
OFICIAL, INFO. GEOGRAFICA: César Muñoz
Hermosillo, Sonora, MEXICO
BIOLOGO MARINO: Marco Díaz
Tel.: 01137/01225 USA: 011-52-62
SECRETARIA: Betzaida Sánchez
FAX: 50-1034
OFICIAL DE EVALUACION AMBIENTAL/EDITORA:
COORDINADOR: vacant
Glenda Bonamico
ECOLOGO: Iván Parra
EDITORA CIENTIFICA: Marisol De Obaldía
ZOOLOGO: Carlos Castillo
BOTANICA: Esther Saucedo
CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION
ADMIN. DE BANCO
DE PARAGUAY
DE DATOS: María Concepción Luna
Ministerio de Agricultura
25 de Mayo 640 12°B
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NATURAL
Casilla 3303
HERITAGE PROGRAM
Asunción, PARAGUAY
CARMABI FOUNDATION
Tel: 498-089 USA: 011-595-21
P.O. Box 2090
FAX: 011-595-21-212386
Curacao, NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
JEFE DE DEPARTAMENTO: Celeste Acevedo
Tel.: 62-42-42 USA: 011-599-9
JEFE DIVISION COMUNIDADES NATURALES:
FAX: 011-599-9-627-680
Jorge Pinazzo
COORDINATOR: John de Freitas
JEFE DIVISION PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS:
Oscar Cuevas
JEFE DIVISION FAUNA: Wilfrido Sosa
JEFE DIVISION FLORA: Nelida Rivarola
ASISTENTE DE LA DIVISION FLORA:
Daniel Cáceres
SECRETARIA GENERAL: Ana María López de
Sosa
14
CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION
DE PERU
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
Departamento de Manejo Forestal
Apartado 456
Lima, PERU
USA: 011-5114
Tel: 35-20-35 x234 (or 426706 or 426616 at FPCN and
leave message)
FAX: 011-51-14-42-78-53 (This is at FPCN)
DIRECTOR: Manuel A. Ríos
ADMINISTRADOR: Jorge Chávez
ZOOLOGO: Antonio Tovar
BOTANICO: Cesar Carpio
ECOLOGO: Fernando Ghersi
ADMIN. DE BANCO DE DATOS: Victor Herrera
Pómez
SECRETARIA: Berta Ramos
SECRETARIA: María Auqui
COORDINADOR TECNICO: Pedro Vasquez
DIVISION DE PATRIMONIO NATURAL. AREA DE
PLANIFICACION
DEPARTAMENTO DE RECURSOS NATURALES DE
PUERTO RICO
Apartado Aéreo 5887
Puerta de Tierra, PUERTO RICO 00906
Tel: 809/722-1726
FAX: 809/724-0365
JEFE DE LA SECCION DE
ESTUDIOS Y ANALISIS DE DATOS: Peter Ortiz
JEFA DE LA SECCION DE
PLANIFICACION Y ADQUISICION: Miriam
González
BOTANICO: Vicente Quevedo
ASISTENTE TECNICO: Francisco Rivera
SECRETARIA: Loyda Ortiz Guadalupe
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PARQUES
(INPARQUES)
Ministerio del Ambiente y Recursos Naturales
Renovables
Apartado Postal 78471
Caracas 1070-A, VENEZUELA
Tel: 285-4360/4106 USA: 011-582
Fax: 285-3070
JEFE DE DIVISION: Mariapía Bevilacqua B.
BIOLOGO: Daniel Lew
BIOLOGA: Lya Cardenas
15
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY
Science Division
1815 N. Lynn St.
Arlington, VA 22209
703/841-5300 FAX: 703/525-8024
CDC/Heritage Administration
Central Ecology
VICE PRESIDENT: Robert Jenkins, Jr.
CHIEF ECOLOGIST: Dennis Grossman
841-5320
841-5305
TRANSITION COORDINATOR: Leni Wilsmann
ECOLOGIST: Kathy Lemon
841-8785
247-3727
ADMIN/RESEARCH ASST: Carolyn Thurman
ADMIN.SEC.ECOLOGY: Christine Reuss
247-3761
841-4190
DEPUTY DIRECTOR: Hardy Wieting, Jr.
841-5325
Central Botany
DIR CENTRAL DATABASES: Richard Warner
841-4888
CHIEF BOTANIST: Larry Morse
DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT: Susan Higby
841-5361
841-4828
BOTANICAL INFO MGR: Christa Russell
ADMIN. ASST. SCI. DEV.: Kirsten Buchanan
841-8758
841-2717
BOTANICAL RESEARCH ASST: Carol Annable
DIR OF ADMIN/OFC MGR: Ursula McGhee
247-3765
841-5321
BOTANICAL RESEARCH ASST: Lynn Kutner
ADMIN SECRETARY: Hilary Toma
841-5383
841-5354
BOTANICAL DATABASES ASST: Leslie Honey
COMMUNICATIONS COORD: Brandy Clymire
DATA HANDLER (USFS): Virginia Crouch
841-5360
247-3743
DIRECTOR, HERITAGE: Robert Chipley
841-5322
Central Zoology
HERITAGE DIR OF ADMIN: Carol Hodge
The Nature Conservancy
841-5384
201 Devonshire St., 5th floor
HER FINANCIAL ADM: Leslie Hatton
Boston, MA 02110
841-5368
617/542-1908
FAX:
617/482-5866
RTC PROJECT COORDINATOR: Cathi Uitermark
841-8752
CHIEF ZOOLOGIST: Larry Master
RTC ADMIN SEC: Nadine Rapacioli
ZOOL. INFO.MGR: Melissa Morrison
841-4227
ASST.ZOOL.INFO. MGR: Jennifer Deaton
RTC P/T ADMIN SEC: Dietra Taylor
RESEARCH ZOOLOGIST: Geoff Hammerson
841-8752
CONSERV DATA ADMIN: Steve Taswell
12 Red Orange Rd.
Middletown, CT 06457
841-8759
203/345-7409
SYSTEMS INTEGRATION MGR: David Meyer
INVERT. ZOOLOGIST: Dale Schweitzer
841-8749
RD 1, Box 30B
SYSTEMS INTEGRATION SPEC: Jeff Cook
Port Norris, NJ 08349
841-5378
609/785-2470
16
Research & Development
Site Information Management
DIR CONSER SYSTEMS: Keith Carr
DIR SITE INFO.MGMT: Adrianne Burk
841-5367
841-5389
DIR SPATIAL INFO SYST: Rob Solomon
TECHNICAL COORDINATOR: Maggie Greshner
841-5307
841-5363
SPATIAL INFO DATA TECH: Ron Leonard
PROTECTION DATA SPEC.S.I.M.: Andrew Wilbur
841-5375
841-4889
COORD, CONSERVATION SYSTEMS COMM &
PROTECTION DATA SPEC.S.I.M.: John Dwelley
TRAINING: Ann Lewis
841-5370
841-5334; 202/338-4504 (as of April 1st)
CONSERVATION SYST.SPEC: Pat Braley
841-8748
CONSERVATION SYST.SPEC: Kevin Rich
841-5357
SR.CONSERVATION SYST.SPEC: Sarah Anderson
841-5356
CNTRL CONSERVATION DB SPEC: Shara Howie
841-4886
CNTRL CONSERVATION DB SPEC:
Ellen Kwiatkowski
841-4103
CONSERVATION SYST.SPEC: Howard Daniel
247-3729
CONSERVATION SYST.SPEC: Robert Kimmich
841-4191
ECOL/REMOTE SENSING: Doug Muchoney
841-8760
REMOTE SENSING/GIS TECH: Robb Wright
247-3767
17
Regional Support and Service Centers
EASTERN HERITAGE TASK FORCE (EHTF)
WESTERN HERITAGE TASK FORCE (WHTF)
The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy
201 Devonshire St., 5th floor
2060 Broadway, Suite 230
Boston, MA 02110
Boulder, CO 80302
617/542-1908 FAX: 617/482-5866
303/541-0355 FAX: 303/449-4328
DIRECTOR: Larry Master
DIRECTOR: Craig Groves 541-0350
REG.ECOLOGIST: Lesley Sneddon
REG.ECOLOGIST: Patrick Bourgeron 541-0352
COMM.ECOLOGY SPEC: Mark Anderson
QUANTITATIVE ECOL: Hope Humphries
REG.INFO.MGR: Margaret Ormes
541-0356
SPATIAL INFO MGR-ERO: Frank Biazi
COMMUNITY SPEC/OFC.MGR: Lisa Engelking
ZOOL.INFO.MGR: Melissa Morrison
541-0342
ASST.ZOOL.INFO.MGR: Jennifer Deaton
GIS SPECIALIST: Brooke Wallace 541-0355
RESEARCH ZOOLOGIST: Geoff Hammerson
CLERICAL ASST: Cathy Porter 541-0331
68 Landing Rd.
REG.INFO.MGR-ROCKIES: Mary Klein 541-0344
Higganum, CT 06441
REG.INFO.MGR-WEST: Audrey Godell
203/345-7409
The Nature Conservancy
INVERT. ZOOLOGIST: Dale Schweitzer
785 Market St, 3rd fl.
RD 1, Box 30B
San Francisco, CA 94103
Port Norris, NJ 08349
415/281-0411
609/785-2470
FAX: 415/777-0244
SOUTHERN HERITAGE TASK FORCE (SHTF)
LATIN AMERICA SCIENCE PROGRAM (LASP)
101 Conner Dr., Suite 302
The Nature Conservancy
P.O. Box 2267
1815 N. Lynn St.
Chapel Hill, NC 27515-2267
Arlington, VA 22209
919/967-5493 FAX: 919/967-1575
703/841-5300 FAX: 703/841-4880
DIRECTOR OF SCIENCE: Joe Jacob
DIRECTOR: Bruce Stein -2711
DIRECTOR BIOLOGICAL CONS: Rob Sutter
DIRECTOR PROG. DEVEL: Doug Baker -2719
REG.INFO.MGR: Eugenie Drayton
BOTANIST: Shirley Keel -2714
REG.ECOLOGIST: Dorothy Allard
BOTANY ASST.: Kevin Blythe -2713
NPS REGIONAL DATA MGR: Clifton Eakes
ECOLOGIST: vacant
OLD GROWTH FOREST ECOL: Greg Nowacki
ASST.ECOLOGIST: Andrea Cristofani -4214
ECOL.COMMUNITY RES.SPEC: Sally Landaal
GIS MGR: Roger Sayre
COMMUNITY ECOLOGY ASST: Mark Gallyoun
INFO.SYST.MGR: Luis Corrales -2715
SPATIAL INFO SPECIALIST: John Prince
ZOOLOGIST: Roberto Roca -2712
SEC'Y: Laura Mason
ADMIN ASST: Claire Teixeira -2710
ADMIN SEC'Y: Martha Martinez -3745
MIDWEST HERITAGE TASK FORCE (MHTF)
BOTANICAL RES. FELLOW: Sue Iremonger -3746
The Nature Conservancy
1313 Fifth St., SE
PACIFIC CONSERVATION DATA CENTER
Minneapolis, MN 55414
The Nature Conservancy
612/331-0700 FAX: 612/331-0770
1116 Smith St, Ste.201
DIRECTOR OF SCIENCE: Steve Chaplin -0706
Honolulu, HI 96817
REG.ECOLOGIST: Don Faber-Langendoen -0710
808/537-4508 FAX: 808/956-3512
REG.INFO.MGR: Donna Riggs -0711
DIRECTOR: Jim Maragos
SPATIAL INFO.MGR: Hal Watson -0709
ADMIN.ASST: Gail Harbeck -0714
18
DATA NETWORK COOPERATORS
CENTER FOR PLANT CONSERVATION
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY OF CANADA
P.O. Box 299
794A Broadview Ave.
St. Louis, MO 63166
Toronto, Ontario M4K 2P7
314/577-9450 FAX: 314/577-9465
CANADA
DIRECTOR: Donald Falk, -9451
416/469-1701
MGR, CONSERVATION PROG: Peggy Olwell, -9452
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: John Eisenhauer
MGR, INFO SYSTEMS: Mike O'Neal
NATL COLL COORD: Greg Wieland, -9457
CANADIAN RARE PLANT PROJECT
CONSERV PROJ COORD: Marie M. Bruegmann, -9459
Botany Division
MEMBERSHIP MGR: Sheila Kilgore
Canadian Museum of Nature
INFO SYSTEMS COORD: Jeanne Cablish, -9458
P.O. Box 3443 - Station D
SR.DATA PROCESSOR: Carla V. Kostelac
Ottawa, Ontario CANADA KIP 6P4
SECRETARY: Rosemary Tanaka
613/990-6449
BOTANIST: George Argus, -6441
THE FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA PROJECT
RESEARCH ASST: Cheryl McJannet, -6449
Missouri Botanical Garden
P.O. Box 299
St. Louis, MO 63166
314/577-9550
CONVENING EDITOR: Nancy Morin
PROJECT COORDINATOR: Judy Unger
ASSIST.SCIENTIFIC EDITOR: Bruce Parfitt
DATABASE MGR: Deborah Kama
TECH EDITOR: Helen Jeude
MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
P.O. Box 299
St. Louis, MO 63166
314/577-5180
ASST. DIRECTOR: Marshall Crosby
HEAD, BRYOLOGY DEPT: Bob Magill
INTERNATIONAL PLANT DATA BASE
NORTH CAROLINA BOTANICAL GARDEN
Dept. of Biology - CB 3280
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC 27599
919/962-0578
RESEARCH ASSOC: John Kartesz
DATA MGR/RES.ASST: Carolyn Wilczynski
RARE LICHENS PROJECT
Dept. of Botany
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560
This address list of the Network
202/357-2545 FAX: 202/786-2563
is updated quarterly.
CURATOR: Paula DePriest
Contact Hilary Toma
RESEARCH ASST: Sherry Pittam
at 703/841-5354 with changes.
19
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The
Nature
Conservancy®
Biological and Conservation Data System
The Biological and Conservation Data (BCD) System is a PC-based data management package that facilitates
the collection, distribution, and exchange of information pertinent to the preservation of biological diversity.
Major classes of data in the BCD System include information on species and community types and
occurrences, sites, land ownership parcels, managed areas, and sources of information. The BCD System is
extremely flexible with regard to data retrieval, report generation, and data manipulation, and it embodies the
full power of a state-of-the-art database management system (Advanced Revelation). The BCD System
represents The Nature Conservancy's sixth generation of biodiversity data management software; it is now the
standard tool for managing and exchanging biodiversity inventory data in the Natural Heritage Data Center
Network.
Features & Benefits
Menu-driven operation
Excellent performance with large data sets
Command-level operation
Standardization facilitates data exchange
-Flexible reporting
Data export capabilities for transfer of
Full array of utility routines
information to other standard GIS (ARC-INFO,
-Large User Community
GRASS, etc.) or other database applications
Software requirements
PC/MS DOS, Advanced Revelation database management system (version 2.0), BCD application package. PC
Anywhere communications software is recommended. A memory management software package (386Max,
QEMM) is required for PCs that are not using PC/MS DOS 5.0.
Hardware requirements
Computer: The BCD System runs on any IBM or compatible PC with an 80386-class or faster processor. A
80286 class processor can be used if the system is outfitted with a LIM 4.0 EMS memory expansion board
and preferably a math coprocessor.
Hard Disk: A minimum of 70 Mb is recommended.
Monitor: The BCD System can be used with a monochrome or color monitor.
Printer: Laser printer or dot-matrix printer.
Tape Backup Unit: Mountain (or similar) unit is strongly recommended for backing up large amounts of data.
Memory: Two megabytes of RAM minimum.
Disk Caching: If a computer with disk caching is to be used with the BCD, the disk caching should have the
ability to be disabled. An IDE type hard disk with disk caching should not be used.
The following are registered trademarks of the companies herewith: Advanced Revelation: Revelation Technologies, Inc.; IBM: International Business
Machines Corporation.
Copyright © 1989 The Nature Conservancy
May 1992
The
Nature
Conservancy®
Perspectives on Species Imperilment:
A Report from the Natural Heritage Data Center Network
The
Nature
Conservancy®
April 1, 1993
The Network of State Natural Heritage Data Centers
contains the most comprehensive and accurate
compilation of rare species information that exists for the United States.
1
Acknowledgements
The findings presented here draw primarily on 24,573 occurrence records of federally listed
species, developed and maintained over the past two decades by the Natural Heritage Data
Center Network in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy. Special thanks are due to the
staffs of the fifty U.S. State Heritage Data Centers, and the Navajo Nation Heritage Program, for
their prompt and thorough response to the detailed data request upon which the present report
is based. Refer to the last section of this report for a brief description of the Natural Heritage
Network and a list of individual Natural Heritage Data Centers.
Data analysis and interpretation, as well as report production, were conducted by the Science
Division of The Nature Conservancy under Robert Jenkins, Vice President, Director of Science
Programs.
The Project Coordinator was Richard Warner. Scientific analysis and data interpretation were
conducted by: Virginia Crouch, Shara Howie, Lynn Kutner, Ellen Kwiatkowski, Kathy Lemon,
Larry Master, Melissa Morrison, Larry Morse, Christa Russell, Leslie Seiger, Lesley Sneddon,
Carolyn Thurman and Leni Wilsmann. Many of these individuals also assisted in the writing
and editing of the report.
The maps and illustrations presented here are by Christina Erickson, Amy Melton, Melissa
Morrison, Sherry Pittam, Megan Rollins and Josephine Toms. Base maps were developed by
Ineke Dickman.
Production of the report was directed by Brandy Clymire, with assistance from Hilary Toma
and Ron Leonard.
Contents
Acknowledgements
1
Introduction
3
Methods
5
Listed Species and Federal Lands
7
How many listed T & E Species occur on Federal lands?
7
Extent of Federal Management Responsibility for Listed Species
8
Occurrences of Listed Species on Agency Lands
11
Getting Ahead of the Extinction Curve
13
Establishing Conservation Priorities
13
Management Options for Candidates and other Rare Species
16
Case Studies
Serpentine Barrens
18
Seabeach Amaranth
23
Karner Blue Butterfly
27
The Natural Heritage Program &
Conservation Data Center Network
30
The U.S. Network of Natural Heritage Data Centers
32
3
Summarized information on the status of Federally listed
threatened and endangered species on Federal lands in the
United States.
Submitted to the Subcommittee on Environment and Natural Resorces of the House
Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee by The Nature Conservancy in cooperation
with the network of State Natural Heritage Data Centers.
April 1, 1993
Introduction
In response to a request from Committee staff, the State Natural Heritage Data Centers have
compiled and submitted information from their databases about the status of Federally listed
plant, vertebrate, and invertebrate species¹ on Federal lands. All fifty State Data Centers and the
Navajo Nation Data Center responded to the request. This information was combined with
rangewide data from the Natural Heritage Network's Central Scientific
Database to produce this report. The data were cross-checked with a
special national database on endangered and sensitive plant species that
the Conservancy shares with the U.S. Forest Service, with information
coming from both Heritage Data Centers and the Forest Service regional
and National Forest offices.
The Network of State Natural Heritage Data Centers contains the
most comprehensive and accurate compilation of rare species informa-
tion that exists for the United States. Beginning nearly 20 years ago,
Heritage Programs have been continuously gathering and organizing
information that is used for conservation and development planning in
Sclerocactus mesae-verdae occurs in
the public and private sectors. This information has played a key role in
the Four Corners region with sites on
state and federal endangered species listing and delisting actions, as well
lands of the Navajo Nation and Uie
as in identifying priority ecosystems for protection through federal,
Mountain Utes.
private, and joint conservation programs.
1 "Species" under the Endangered Species Act include subspecies as well as full species; in the strict taxonomic
sense these would be collectively referred to as "taxa."
4
The Heritage databases are not, of course, complete. Some information known by others
has yet to be reported to them and new discoveries are made continuously. Many govern-
ment and private land areas are still under-surveyed, and even on well-surveyed lands,
previously unrecorded species continue to turn up, either because of recent colonization or
prior lack of detection.
At the same time, some known populations are extirpated by habitat destruction, direct
exploitation, or natural causes. For these reasons the Heritage databases are permanently
operating and continuously revised to reflect current knowledge and reality. Many threatened,
endangered, and candidate species are so extremely rare and vulnerable that the loss of a
population or the discovery of previously unknown ones are crucial factors to their continued
existence.
Since habitat destruction continues apace and the status of many species is still not well
known, it is very important to continue and to expand coordinated field inventory efforts and
the compilation, management, and utilization of the information generated from them.
5
Methods
In order to assess the status of federally listed endangered or threatened plant and animal species
on Federal lands, we asked the 50 state Natural Heritage Programs and the Navajo Nation
Natural Heritage Program to provide specified summaries of the information in their databases.
All 51 programs responded to the request.
For each listed species in their jurisdiction, the data centers were asked to report the manag-
ing agency owner type for all occurrences observed since 1973. Nearly all of the data centers
use the Conservancy-developed Biological and Conservation Data (BCD) System to maintain
their information. For these BCD-based data centers, we provided a set of computer programs
that produced the requested reports. The few states using other data systems were asked to
perform comparable searches and tallies. In most cases, the data-center staff provided additional
information not yet entered into their computers. This data-assembly strategy was generally
successful because all the Natural Heritage Data Centers employ the same basic methodology for
recording and maintaining their information.
A few states were unable to provide complete responses in time for the present analysis.
(Most of this missing information has now been received, and will be incorporated into future
analyses.) Data for lowa and eastern Pennsylvania were incomplete, but involved few federal
lands. Only plant data were available from South Carolina and Washington, and California
could not immediately provide data on listed threatened animal species. Species occurrences in
Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the District of Columbia are
not addressed in the present study.
Minor inconsistencies in the data arise whenever an individual occurrence (population, etc.)
of a species ranges over lands of two or more agencies. Such occurrences are here recorded
once for each agency. While this method captured the maximum possible involvement of the
federal agencies, it slightly over-counts the number of occurrences. Also, a few species occur-
rences last verified prior to 1973 were included in data provided by some of the states. Where
detected, these were removed, although it is possible that some remain in our national data set.
The Heritage Network's Central Scientific Databases, maintained by the Conservancy's
Science Division, were used in various ways to check and add to the data provided by the
Natural Heritage Data Centers. These databases include centrally developed species tracking
databases containing overview information for each species such as scientific and common
names, federal status and Federal Register date, Conservancy/Heritage imperilment rank, and a
list of states from which the species is reported.
The state-level data in these central databases are maintained primarily through periodic
data exchanges with the state data centers, which provide state ranks, protection statuses,
and other state-level information. Differences in taxonomic treatments among the states are
Flattened Musk-Turtle
6
resolved in the central databases through use of standard taxonomic classifications, such as
the Synonymized Checklist of U.S. and Canadian vascular plants by John Kartesz of the North
Carolina Botanical Garden.
The combined results provided a data set on about 24,573 occurrences of listed species for
nearly 728 taxa. These data from the state Natural Heritage Data Centers were consolidated to
create the national data set used in analysis for this report. Scientific staff of The Nature Conser-
vancy reviewed the data to assure data quality and consistency. Information on numerous
species was checked against the central databases, scientific literature, and expert knowledge.
Heritage staff were contacted for clarification or additional information as needed. Also,
information on plant species of National Forests, including designations of Sensitive Species
status, were obtained from a database developed jointly by the Conservancy and the USDA
Forest Service.
Species and occurrences found on lands and water owned or managed by federal agencies are
not all recorded in our data set for four major reasons: (1) the Natural Heritage Data Centers may
not yet be aware of all occurrences, (2) nearly all programs have a data-entry backlog, (3) not all
data centers have completely recorded the land ownerships for all their occurrence records, and
(4) species and species occurrences in lakes and rivers are generally not recorded by the data
centers as under the jurisdiction of a federal agency except where they are entirely included in
such areas as National Parks or Wildlife Refuges.
The red wolf exists in the wild only as reintroduced populations.
7
Listed Species and Federal Lands
How many listed T & E Species occur on Federal lands?
This report covers the 728 species of vascular plants, vertebrate animals, and invertebrates that
are listed as Endangered or Threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act which are
found in the 50 U.S. states-344 plants, 254 vertebrates, and 130 invertebrates.
Approximately 50% of all federally threatened and endangered species occur at least once on
Federal lands (Figure 1). Of those, almost a quarter are found nearly exclusively there, with 90-
100% of their occurrences restricted to Federal land. This small but significant number of
currently listed species of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants are virtually the sole responsibili-
ty of Federal management agencies. Examples include the plant Ruth's golden aster (Pityopsis
ruthii) with 6 occurrences all on one National Forest, and rhizome fleabane (Erigeron rhizomatus)
with nearly forty occurrences, of which one is on BLM land and the rest are on the National
Forests. Animals found exclusively on Federal lands include the Laysan duck (Anas laysanensis)
and the red wolf (Canis rufus), both of which currently exist only on National Wildlife Refuges.
Federal agencies can provide for substantial, permanent conservation of the listed species
with more than half of all occurrences on their lands. This represents nearly one-half of the
listed species on Federal lands. These species can significantly benefit from Federal land
management protection and recovery actions. For example, both white-haired goldenrod
(Solidago albopilosa) and white birds-in-a-nest (Macbridea alba) have their majority representation
on National Forest lands.
Figure 1. Listed Species Occurring on Federal Lands
# of Species
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Plants
90% or more of
50% or more of
Occurring at
occurrences
occurrences
least once
Not Recorded
Total listed
on Fed. Lands
species
8
For the many listed species with less than 50% of their occurrences on Federal land, Federal
agencies can provide at least some conservation benefits by
management actions on lands they currently administer.
For some species, like the Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides
melissa samuelis) with less than one-quarter of its occurrences on
Federal land, the large landscape context and single ownership of
Federal lands provide important recovery opportunities. Restora-
tion and management of its pine and oak savanna habitat will also
benefit many associated rare plant and animal species.
In other instances, although the Federal agency should do all it
can for whatever populations exist on its property, successful
conservation will depend primarily on others. Examples would include Scutellaria montana, the
large-flowered skullcap, and Etheostoma rubrum, the bayou darter. The former has a single
occurrence on a National Forest and a dozen on state and private lands. The latter has one
occurrence on a National Park and over thirty on private ownerships.
Extent of Federal Management Responsibility for Listed Species
The U.S. Forest Service, with management responsibility for nearly 150 species, has the greatest
known diversity of federally listed plant and animal species on its property of any Federal agency
(Figures 2-5). The other major agencies have nearly 100 species each. The preponderance of
species on Forest Service lands reflects not only the size and geographic extent of the landhold-
ings, but also the intensive surveys that have been conducted on many National Forests. Since
some species occur on more than one agency's land, the numbers in Figures 2-5 are different
from those in Figure 1. For example, the Everglade kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus), is found
on both National Forest and National Park lands, and the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus),
has occurrences on the lands of every major agency. The heliotrope milkvetch (Astragalus
montii), on the other hand, has only 3 occurrences, all on one National Forest. The Devil's Hole
pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis), exists in a single limestone pool in a National Monument, and the
Magazine Mountain shagreen snail (Mesodon magazinensis) has a single occurrence on a National
Forest (if it still exists at all).
With only about one-half of the federally listed species occurring on Federal land, the
potential effect of Federal agencies on the protection and recovery of federally listed species is
underestimated if land ownership is the sole criterion examined. Protection of multiple species
in an ecosystem can be accomplished by protecting their habitat through minimizing impacts on
air and water quality affecting wetlands, lakes and streams, navigable waterways, and coastlines.
When combined with acquisition, recovery, and management partnerships with state and local
agencies and private conservation organizations, the benefit to biological diversity extends far
beyond federal landholdings.
9
Listed Species Occurring by Jurisdiction on Federal Lands
Figure 2. All Species
# of Species
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
USFS
DOD
BLM
NPS
USFWS
Other
Not
Fed.
recorded
on Fed.
Lands
# of Species
Figure 3. Plants
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
USFS
DOD
BLM
NPS
USFWS
Other
Not
Fed.
recorded
on Fed.
Lands
10
Listed Species Occurring by Jurisdiction on Federal Lands
Figure 4. Invertebrates
# of Species
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
USFS
DOD
BLM
NPS
USFWS
Other
Not
Fed.
recorded
on Fed.
Lands
# of Species
Figure 5. Vertebrates
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
USFS
DOD
BLM
NPS
USFWS
Other
Not
Fed.
recorded
on Fed.
Lands
11
Occurrences of Listed Species on Agency Lands
The opportunity for significant recovery actions on Federal land is reflected by the large propor-
tion (over one-third) of the occurrences of federally listed species which are on agency lands
(Figures 6 -9). These figures also indicate that this is a big job, made even bigger by the need to
coordinate with protection actions on surrounding lands to accomplish ecologically significant
ecosystem protection. If candidate species were included, many of which are just as imperiled
as the listed species, the job would be shown to be many times greater.
The average number of occurrences per listed species varies markedly among plants, verte-
brates and invertebrates. There is an average of 34 occurrences per species for all species
combined (Figure 6), 17 occurrences per plant species (Figure 7), 67
occurrences per vertebrate species (Figure 9), and 13 occurrences per
species for invertebrates (Figure 8). However, the diffuse distribution of
some vertebrates heavily influences these figures. If the 12 vertebrates
with the greatest number of occurrences are removed from the calcula-
tions (12,121 occurrences or 49% of the original total for all species),
the vertebrate average drops to 20 and the overall average to 17.
The reason for the diffuse occurrence pattern among many verte-
brates, such as the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and red-cockaded
woodpecker (Picoides borealis), is that each occurrence or locality
contains only a pair or sometimes a single individual, whereas occur-
rences for plants and most invertebrates tend to denote the presence of
entire local populations (which may be large or small, of course). The
diffuse pattern may also make these species more difficult and expensive
to adequately conserve, although many other variables may be impor-
tant. Species occupying aquatic habitats, for example, pose special
difficulties regardless of taxonomic group, since they are vulnerable to
impacts on entire watersheds.
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker
12
Occurrences of Listed Species by Land Ownership Category
Figure 6. All Species
Figure 7. Plants
USFS-10%
USFS-16%
DOD-4%
BLM-7%
DOD-4%
NPS-3%
BLM-8%
USFWS-1%
Other Federal-1%
NPS-3%
All Other-74%
USFWS-3%
Other Federal-2%
All Other-64%
Total # of Species-728
Total # of Species-344
Total # of Occurrences-24,573
Total # of Occurrences-5,769
Figure 8. Invertebrates
Figure 9. Vertebrates
USFS-7%
DOD-1%
NPS-6%
USFS-19%
USFWS-2%
Other Federal-1%
DOD-4%
All Other-83%
BLM-8%
NPS-3%
USFWS-4%
Other Federal-3%
All Other-59%
Total # of Species-130
Total # of Occurrences-1,690
Total # of Species-254
Total # of Occurrences-17,114
13
Getting Ahead of the Extinction Curve
Establishing Conservation Priorities
Through the following examination of the status of selected animal groups, we are going beyond
the Federal land aspects of endangered species management to identify commonalities in
species' imperilment status, threats, and conservation needs.
The Natural Heritage Network has established a ranking system to reflect the biological
imperilment status of each species on a state (S-rank), national (N-rank), and range-wide or
global (G-rank) basis. Using information compiled by the various Natural Heritage Data
Centers, each species is subjected to a formal ranking procedure that evaluates its abundance,
distribution, and fragility, as well as the threats it faces. Each rank ranges from 1 to 5, represent-
ing a status of critically imperiled to demonstrably secure. Special ranks are assigned for extinct
or extirpated (X) and historic (H), the latter meaning that there are no known current occur-
rences but we haven't given up hope and are still surveying for the species in the field. In
general, species with a rank of G1-G3 are biologically qualified for listing as endangered or
threatened, subject to additional questions about degrees of threat.
Species with G-ranks of 1 (G1), are critically imperiled throughout their range and typically
have fewer than 6 occurrences in the world, or fewer than 1,000 individuals.
Species with G-ranks of 2 (G2), are imperiled throughout their range and typically have
between 6 and 20 occurrences, or fewer than 3,000 individuals.
Species with G-ranks of 3 (G3), are vulnerable throughout their range and typically have
fewer than 100 occurrences, or fewer than 10,000 individuals.
The global rank patterns among animal groups (Figures 10-12) highlight the degraded
condition of many aquatic ecosystems in the U.S. By comparing the G-ranks of aquatic groups
(amphibians, fishes, crayfishes, and unionid mussels) with those of the more terrestrial groups
(mammals, birds, and reptiles), the disproportionate numbers of aquatic taxa in peril are
striking. Over 760 aquatic species (44%) are ranked GX, GH, or G1-3 as compared to the 203
terrestrial species (13%) in the same categories. This is because aquatic systems are vulnerable
to the effects of pollution, impoundment, water appropriation, and watershed abuse. Federal
agencies have jurisdiction and a high degree of responsibility in this area.
A disparity exists between the percentage
of federally listed species in each taxonomic
group and the number of rare or declining
taxa as determined by G-ranks (Figure 11). It
is especially noticeable among the invertebrate
groups (crayfishes and mussels), where listing
has lagged well behind our consciousness of
their imperilment. Not only have the species
been hurt by this, but so have the aquatic
ecosystems that constitute their
habitat-ecosystems with many economic
and social values which are diminished by
the same forces which are destroying the
organisms.
Cladonia perforata
14
Figure 10. Status of Selected North American Animal Groups
# of Species
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fishes
Crayfishes
Unionid
Mussels
GX/GH-extinct /historic
G1-critically imperiled
IIII
G2-imperiled
G3-vulnerable
Figure 11. Aquatic Ecosystems: Pre-listing management priorities
% of Species
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fishes
Crayfishes
Unionid
Mussels
% Ranked critically imperiled to vulnerable
%Currently Listed Endangered or Threatened
15
Figure 12. Status of U.S. Animal Species
Natural Heritage Network Central Databases
The Nature Conservancy 3/93
No. of Species Ranked (U.S.)
GX
GH
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G?
Misc.
Total
Mammals*
1
0
7
26
28
89
280
22
0
453
Birds*
18
3
26
13
32
83
617
33
0
825
Reptiles*
0
0
7
10
32
47
208
7
0
311
Amphibians*
3
2
25
17
27
42
114
2
0
232
Freshwater Fishes**
17
0
76
74
115
135
403
71
2
893
Vertebrate Total*
39
5
141
140
234
396
1622
135
2
2714
Butterflies
1
2
6
9
42
93
319
302
15
789
Crayfish*
1
2
65
52
82
55
52
3
2
314
Unionid Mollusks*
11
14
89
54
38
37
37
19
11
300
Other Invert.
20
178
485
404
193
540
901
3032
135
5888
Invertebrate Total
33
196
645
519
355
725
1309
3356
153
7291
Total Full Species
72
201
786
659
589
1121
2931
3491
155
10005
An (*) indicates that all full species in that group have ranks and the total (far right column)
is the number of full species in the U.S.
Includes certain estuarine fishes.
16
Management Options for Candidates and other Rare Species
Of approximately 2,400 plant species ranked Gl and G2, one third have never been formally
considered for federal listing; the same is true for half of the 5,000 native U.S. plant species
ranked Gl through G3. With appropriate planning and management, many of these rarities can
be conserved with no need for formal listing, greatly reducing the likelihood of future legal and
economic conflicts.
A good example of a land-managing agency taking action to stay ahead of the listing curve is
the USDA Forest Service's Sensitive Species Program. Each Regional Forester has the authority to
designate taxa as "sensitive" and directs the National Forests in his or her region to evaluate
projects to ensure that Forest Service actions do not contribute to the loss of viability for these
species. The Sensitive Species Program manages a large number of species not currently listed
under the Endangered Species Act (Figure 13).
Sensitive species are typically identified in consultation with the State Natural Heritage Data
Centers. On a national level, information on threatened, endangered and sensitive species
occurring on Forest Service lands is derived from a shared database maintained under a coopera-
tive agreement between The Nature Conservancy and the USDA Forest Service. Habitat conser-
vation assessments are prepared for sensitive taxa and the Forest Service works with the Fish and
Wildlife Service's Pre-listing Recovery Program to plan conservation strategies.
Over 70% of the Forest Service's sensitive species are plants, many of which are rare partly
because they depend on a restricted habitat. Lassics lupine (Lupinus constancei) for example, is
ranked Gl because it has very few occurrences and is endemic to a small area. It occurs only on
serpentine substrates in the Lassics mountains area, on one Ranger District of the Six Rivers
National Forest in northern California. Although not listed, Lassics lupine has been designated
Sensitive by the Forest Service's Pacific
Southwest Region. The Forest recently
closed a road and is designating a special
botanical area to conserve the habitat of
this and several other sensitive species
found on Lassics serpentine.
lassics lupine, lupinus constancei
17
Figure 13. Globally Rare and Imperiled Plant Taxa
Managed for Conservation on US. Forest Service Lands
# of Species
400
350
300
Designated Sensitive by
U.S.F.S.: No status under
E.S.A.
250
Designated Sensitive by
200
U.S.F.S. and Candidate for
Listing under E.S.A.
150
Listed Threatened or
Endangered under E.S.A. (Or
100
proposed for Listing)
50
0
Critically
Imperiled
Vulnerable
Imperiled
(G2)
(G3)
(G1)
18
Case Studies
Mid-Atlantic Serpentine Barren
Description
The serpentine barren is a grassland or savanna that grows on a nutrient-poor soil called
serpentine. Early settlers and farmers referred to these essentially treeless areas as "The Barrens"
because their attempts to cultivate them met with little success. Serpentine soil and the bedrock
it is derived from are highly unusual because they contain very low amounts of nutrients and
high amounts of heavy metals. The bare rock and thin soils also foster very high summertime
temperatures in the soil. Only plants that can tolerate these severe conditions persist in serpen-
tine barrens, so the resulting vegetation is an unusual combination of scattered stunted trees,
grasses, and herbs, many of which are rare. The term "serpentine" refers to the greenish color of
the bedrock, which somewhat resembles the color and pattern of a snake's skin.
From the air, serpentine barrens resemble islands. Their boundaries are abrupt and obvious
because the vegetation reflects a profound difference in the underlying bedrock. They usually
have many rock outcrops, and their soils are notably thinner than those adjacent. Common
grasses of serpentine barrens include little bluestem and prairie dropseed, and the few trees that
do grow there are generally a mixture of pines and oaks. Other species commonly found on
Mid-Atlantic serpentine barrens include whorled milkweed, green milkweed, creeping phlox,
and slender knotweed.
Habitat and ecology
The harsh growing conditions effectively exclude many plant species from growing in serpentine
barrens, though occasional hardy trees from the surrounding land can become established.
These invading trees provide shade and small cool areas within the barrens, paving the way for
other plants, less
tolerant of the harsh
conditions, to invade.
Serpentine barrens
would become overrun
with plants from the
surrounding landscape
were it not for periodic
Serpentine grasslands after
a prescribed burn, 0
diverse mosaic of prairie
grasses and flowering
herbs
20
Distribution of Mid-Atlantic
Serpentine Barrens (> 1 acre)
NY
PA
NJ
MD
DE
VA
21
State by state summary (Table 1)
New York-Four sites ranging from two to ten acres exist on Staten Island. Three are in
municipal ownership, and all have been significantly degraded. The tree species com-
monly associated with this community are no longer present. No rare species currently
exist on these sites, nor is there evidence that they ever occurred historically.
Pennsylvania-Eight sites greater than two acres in size remain. Nearly a dozen sites in the
western suburbs of Philadelphia have been fragmented, degraded, or destroyed by
incompatible land use. One of the major sites is currently being eroded by a stone
quarry, and another is imminently threatened by construction. Three sites are currently
in partial or total public ownership (county or state park, or land trust). Eastern serpen-
tine aster, Aster depauperatus, a federal candidate for listing (C2), occurs on all of the sites
and two other candidate plants are found on one site.
Maryland-Seven sites of at least one acre exist. Two are in public ownership; the largest
is primarily owned and managed by the state. One site is threatened by a stone quarry.
Five of these sites contain rare species. One site contains the federally endangered
sandplain gerardia, Agalinis acuta.
Delaware-One historical site has been destroyed and no other examples of serpentine
barrens remain in the state.
Table 1. Serpentine Barren Sites
Owner
Sites
Quality
State
State
Goat Hill, PA (Shared w/MD)
Excellent
State/Private
Soldiers Delight, MD
Excellent/good
Other
Municipal
Seaview, NY
Good/fair
Municipal
Heyerdahl Hill, NY
Fair
Unknown
Grymes Hill Serpentine, NY
Fair
Municipal
Wagner High School Meadow, NY
Fair
County
Nottingham Park, PA
Excellent
Private
New Texas, PA
Excellent
Private
Unionville PA
Good/fair
Private
Rock Springs, PA
Good
Private/Municipal
Chrome Barrens, PA
Good
Private
Fem Hill, PA
Fair
Private
Sugartown, PA
Fair
Private
Pilot Serpentine Barren, MD
Good
Municipal
Robert E. Lee, MD
Good?
Private
Haborim Dror Camp Moshava, MD
Good?
Private
Goat Hill, MD (shared w' PA)
Fair
Private
Bald Hill, MD
Fair
Private
Big Pines Serpentine Barren, MD
Unknown
22
Management needs
Direct impacts by land development activities must be reduced. The long-term viability of
serpentine barrens depends on a program of prescribed burning to sustain a mosaic of succes-
sional stages and to restore grassland and woodland vegetation to areas within or on the margins
of barrens that have been encroached upon by fire-intolerant trees. Exotic species that are not
controlled through prescribed burns must be eliminated through other means, wherever
possible.
Benefits of the Endangered Species Act
The serpentine barrens offer an excellent opportunity to protect a diversity of rare species
through habitat management. The sandplain gerardia, Agalinis acuta, is federally listed as
endangered and is found only at one Maryland serpentine barren site and fewer than ten non-
serpentine sites in the northeast. One candidate (C2) species, eastem serpentine aster, Aster
depauperatus, is found exclusively on serpentine barrens. Purple spurge, Euphorbia purpurea, and
a leafhopper species so new to science that it lacks a species name, Limottetix sp. 1 are candidate
(C2) species that are also found on serpentine barrens. Other even more imperilled species
found on serpentine barrens have no official status under federal listing process. Examples
included Torrey's mountainmint, Pycanthemum torrei, which has a Natural Heritage rank of G2,
and a critically imperilled species of moss, Bryum reedii, which has a Natural Heritage rank of
Gl. This moss is believed to occur at five or fewer places on earth.
In addition to federally listed species, serpentine barrens harbor species that are listed as
endangered or threatened under state authority. For example, the Soldiers Delight serpentine
barren in Maryland harbors 18 state listed endangered and 4 state listed threatened plant and
animal species. In fact, 3 species which occurred at the Soldiers Delight site historically are now
extirpated from Maryland altogether. Two of these species are believed to be extirpated from
Maryland because the majority of grassland ecosystems (including serpentine barrens) have
disappeared from the state.
Although the Mid-Atlantic serpentine barren is an extremely rare ecosystem that harbors
many rare species, it is not currently afforded protection under the current endangered species
act. Loss of habitat such as this is the overwhelming cause of the decline for many species.
Preserving entire ecosystems such as the serpentine barrens would not only afford protection to
federally listed species, but would also prevent other species from declining to the point where
they must be listed.
Sandplain Gerardia, Agalinis acuta, Federally listed
as Endangered
23
Seabeach Amaranth (G2)
(Amaranthus pumilus)
Federal Status: Proposed for listing as a Threatened
Species, Federal Register, May 26, 1992
Description
The seabeach amaranth is a low-growing, leafy herbaceous
plant currently known from about 40 less-developed beach
areas in the Carolinas and on Long Island, New York. Con-
fined to open sand along the ocean shore, this relative of the
cultivated amaranths forms rounded, branched clumps a foot or
more in diameter. Its fleshy, bright pink or red stems bear
inconspicuous flowers and fruits.
Habitat and ecology
With its deep green leaves, seabeach amaranth stands out in the open vegetation of coastal
beaches and overwash flats, growing beyond the daily high-tide mark in areas affected by
hurricanes and other major storms. Seeds of the this amaranth can survive many years buried in
the sand, then germinate when brought near the surface by severe storms.
The ecosystem in which seabeach amaranth occurs is also essential to numerous other plant
and animal species of the ocean shore. Two federally listed birds, the piping plover and the least
tem, regularly nest in these back-dune sandflats throughout the range of the amaranth. In the
Carolinas, the federally listed loggerhead sea turtle also uses amaranth beaches for nesting.
Management of back-beach areas for these rare birds and turtles also helps amaranth plants by
restricting or prohibiting foot and vehicular traffic through the nesting areas during the plants'
growing season.
Historical range and current distribution
Seabeach amaranth formerly ranged along beaches of the Atlantic Coast irregularly from Kiawah
Island, South Carolina, north to Nantucket, Massachusetts. Old museum specimens show it
once inhabited many of the very places which have become major East Coast beach resorts, such
as Coney Island and Atlantic City. The species no longer occurs in about half of the places it was
once found (see map), and seems to be gone altogether from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New
Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia.
North Carolina is this species' present stronghold, with about two dozen populations. In
South Carolina, seabeach amaranth is currently known from about a dozen populations, and in
New York State it has about five populations on Long Island.
24
Seabeach Amaranth (Amaranthus pumilis).
Historical Range and Current Distribution
Existing populations
Historical range
25
Reasons for decline
Intolerant of competition, seabeach amaranth plants are not found in dense vegetation. Instead,
this is a 'survivalist' species, adapted to the sunlight, saltwater, and drifting sand of the ocean
beach, a habitat in which few other plant species can grow.
Seawalls, jetties, breakwaters, and other structures have often been constructed in developed
areas to protect roads and buildings near the water. The beaches in these places usually lack the
sparsely vegetated back-beach habitat preferred by the seabeach amaranth. Other beach-
stabilization techniques such as sand fences and beach-grass plantings are also generally
detrimental to this plant.
Even in less developed areas, recreational use of Atlantic Coast beaches is often intense.
Seabeach amaranth usually grows in the back-beach area, nearly at the dune line, while people
congregate more often in the portions of the beach nearer the water. Therefore, amaranth
conservation and recreational beach use need not be incompatible. Simple roping of amaranth
habitat prevents unintentional trampling of the plants during their growing season. At other
times, the moderate disturbance created by the occasional hiker or beach-buggy driver does no
harm to the dormant seeds of the amaranth.
Land ownership and management
With its small, irregularly distributed populations, seabeach amaranth occurs on various federal,
state, county, city, and private lands (see table). Of the species' twelve most important stands,
eight include numerous parcels of private land, five include state or local-government lands, and
only two (on Cape Hatteras National Seashore) involve federal lands. Several lower-quality
stands occur on various other federal lands managed by the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, and the Department of Defense's Camp Lejeune Marine Base.
The increased interest in recent years in applying an ecosystem approach to planning and
management of Atlantic Coast beach areas should minimize future loss of seabeach amaranth
habitat and prevent further decline of this plant and the other species found with it in these
coastal habitats. Full recovery of these species will require interest and participation by numer-
ous private beachfront landowners as well as federal, state, and local governments.
26
Land Ownership of Seabeach Amaranth Occurrences
Landowner
State and Area
Quality
Federal Lands
Cape Hatteras National Seashore (NPS)
Cape Hatteras, NC
Excellent
Cape Hatteras National Seashore (NPS)
Ocracoke, NC
Excellent
Cape Lookout National Seashore (NPS)
Portsmouth, NC
Fair
Cape Lookout National Seashore (NPS)
Core Banks, NC
Fair
Cape Lookout National Seashore (NPS)
Shackleford Banks, NC
Fair
Gateway National Rec. Area (NPS), City
Rockaway Beach, NY
Fair
Fire Island National Seashore (NPS),
Fire Island, NY
Poor
State, County, Private
Mackay Island National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS)
Currituck Banks, NC
Poor
Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS)
Cape Island, SC
Poor
Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS)
West Cape SC
Poor
Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge (USFWS)
Lighthouse Island, SC
Poor
Camp Lejeune Marine Base (DoD)
Onslow Beach, NC
Fair
State Lands
State
Hammocks Beach, NC
Excellent
State, Private
Bogue Banks, NC
Excellent
State, Private?
Westhampton Island, NY
Good
State, Town
Jones Beach, NY
Good
State, Private
Huntington & Litchford Beaches, SC
Good
State
Masonboro Island, NC
Fair
State, Private
Myrtle Beach, SC
Fair
State
Bird Shoals, NC
Poor
State, Private
Cape Fear, NC
Poor
Other Lands
Private
Holden Beach, NC
Excellent
Private
Ocean Isle Beach, NC
Excellent
Private
Topsail Beach, NC
Good
Private
Wrightsville Beach, NC
Good
Private
Pawleys Island, SC
Good
Private?
Southampton Beach, NY
Fair
Private
Hutaffs Beach, NC
Fair
Private
Figure-8 Island, NC
Fair
Private
Long Beach, NC
Fair
Private
Sunset Beach, NC
Fair
Private
Bird Island, NC/SC
Fair
Private
Kure Island, NC
Poor
Private
Waities Island, SC
Poor
Private
Debidue Island, SC
Poor
Private?
North Island, SC
Poor
Private?
Raccoon Key, SC
Poor
Private
Lea Island, NC
Unknown
27
The Karner blue butterfly
Lycaeides melissa samuelis
Federal Status: Listed Endangered by
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on
December 22, 1992.
Description
The Karner blue was first distinguished
in 1944 by Vladimir Nabokov: famous
novelist and butterfly enthusiast. This
gossamer-winged butterfly is smaller than
a silver dollar. The male has silvery blue
wings fringed with a black border, and the
female has grayish brown wings irregularly
fringed with orange spots.
Habitat and ecology
The Karner blue requires grassy or
prairie like openings with wild
lupine and nectar sources such as
dogbane, New Jersey tea, and
butterfly weed. In the East these
openings occur in sandplain communities
usually within very dry pitch pine/scrub oak barrens.
In the Midwest, the butterfly also requires very dry sandy
areas including oak savanna, jack pine areas, and dune communities. The Karner blue always
occurs with other rare butterflies and has two annual generations of adults, one in late spring,
the other in summer. The ecology of this species is closely linked to fire. Historically, natural
wildfires helped to maintain the habitat for the Karner blue as well as other rare butterflies and
plants. Development and alteration of historic fire patterns are known causes of the decline of
the Karner blue.
Historic range and current distribution
The distribution of the Karner blue butterfly generally follows the northern limits of the wild
lupine which is the only food source for the butterfly while it is a caterpillar. It once had major
populations in all states in the Great Lakes region as well as southern Ontario and eastward to
New Hampshire and Massachusetts. However, it has been observed by those studying the
butterfly that over the past 100 years, numbers of the Karner blue have diminished range-wide
by 99 percent or more. This butterfly is now restricted to remnant populations in Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, New York, New Hampshire, and Illinois. It is completely
extirpated from Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ontario and Ohio, and its long term prospects in
New Hampshire, Illinois and Minnesota are poor due to small numbers and fragmented habitat.
28
Reasons for decline
Habitat destruction and fragmentation due to development, and declining frequency of wildfires
that once created natural openings in the canopy for the wild lupine and understory nectar
sources.
State by state summary
At the majority of places it is currently found this butterfly is threatened with extirpation. This is
because sites with fewer than 1,000 adults per year have been found not to be viable; this concept is
essential for understanding the concern for this species' survival.
All of the major populations of this butterfly have been inventoried and are monitored by the
state Natural Heritage Programs. The following population estimates are based on the second, or
summer, annual generations.
Minnesota-The presence of two historical records of the Karner blue in Minnesota
prompted additional surveys that turned up essentially one extant population with more
than 100 individuals on a state wildlife management area.
Wisconsin-While it is believed that at one time there were many large populations,
1990-1992 Status Surveys found many of the populations are now widely scattered and
small, 70% had 50 or fewer adults observed. Two thirds of the sites where the butterfly
is currently extant are owned by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or the Department of Defense.
Michigan-There were over two dozen historical locations, but now only 6 counties still
support the butterfly. Most all of the remaining populations are small. The largest
population in Michigan was only estimated at 3,000 individuals in 1989. This popula-
tion occurs in a State Game Area. There is also a population on National Forest land.
Illinois-In 1992 several individuals were discovered on state land. Previously, the Karner
blue had not been recorded in Illinois since two specimens were found around the turn
of the century.
Indiana-Occurs in two counties in Indiana. The largest population was estimated to
have 4,500 adults in 1992 and occurs on National Park Service land. Two very small
sites with more than a dozen individuals total are managed by The Nature Conservancy
and the local County Parks Department.
New York-Although there are numerous small populations in New York, for reporting
purposes they can be combined into two regional populations. One is in the Albany Pine
Bush, where the butterfly was first discovered by Nabokov, and the other is located north
of the Albany Pine Bush and currently consists of several fragmented sites the largest of
which occurs at an airport. This population persists with numbers estimated around
14,000. Populations in the Albany Pine Bush are estimated to have dropped from
80,000 individuals in 1979, to around 1,000 in 1987, to 100-200 in 1990. The majority
of extant sites are municipally or privately owned, but other land owners include a State
Park, The Nature Conservancy, and Saratoga County.
29
New Hampshire-Two very small remnant populations exist within the Concord Pine
Barrens. While the total populations were estimated at 2,000-3,000 individuals in 1983,
there are now believed to be far fewer than 500 individuals. The larger of the two
populations occurs on less than a three acre plot of privately owned land.
Benefits of the Endangered Species Act
Protection of habitat for this species will conserve many other rare and declining species as well.
In New England and New York pine barrens are considered to be one of the rarest community
types and similarly in the Midwest the oak savanna ecosystem has declined dramatically. These
communities often contain other federal candidate species as well as a number of state listed
species.
The funding available to date through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the status surveys
and research has leveraged many times that amount of funding and support for state Heritage
Programs, The Nature Conservancy, and others for inventory, management, monitoring,
research and protection activities.
30
Natural Heritage Program &
Conservation Data Center Network
Natural Heritage Programs (NHPs) and Conservation Data Centers (CDCs) are continually
updated, computer-assisted inventories of the biological and ecological features and biodiversity
preservation of the country or region in which they are located. These data centers are designed
to assist in conservation planning, natural resource management, environmental impact assess-
ment and planning for sustainable development.
The Network: Where are The NHPs and CDCs
There are now 85 data centers operating in the western hemisphere including all 50 U.S.
states (most are called Natural Heritage Programs), several U.S. Bioreserves and National Parks,
Puerto Rico, three Canadian provinces, and 13 countries in Latin America (CDCs) and the
Caribbean. Regional centers provide administrative and technical support to the individual
programs.
Each data center is established within a local institution, most frequently as part of a govern-
ment agency responsible for natural resource management and protection. While individual
centers are under local control and are staffed by local scientists and conservationists, they also
operate within a network.
Methodology: How the NHPs and CDCs Work
Most data centers use the Biological and Conservation Data System as the basis for operation, a
system developed and refined by The Nature Conservancy since 1974. The information is
managed in more than 30 interrelated computer files, supported by extensive map and manual
files, and a library. A trained staff of biologists, natural resource specialists and data managers
interprets the data for use in local conservation and development planning, natural resource
management and environmental impact assessment.
Information assembled and managed by data centers focuses on: ecosystems and species,
their biology, habitats, locations, conservation status and management needs; managed areas
such as National Parks, Forest Reserves, and watersheds; and on data sources.
Each center compiles information from existing sources such as scientific literature, knowl-
edgeable people, and museum collections. The local staff also directs and conducts field
inventories of species and natural communities of special concern, or may be contracted for
biological assessments of specific sites. Each study and report benefits from earlier work in the
same area and, through the network, related information gathered at other times and places
multiplies the local effort. Central databases are supported through cooperative agreements with
academic and scientific institutions.
31
The Nature Conservancy's Role
The Nature Conservancy is involved in the establishment and operation of the CDCs by provid-
ing technical, scientific and administrative support and training. The Conservancy also makes
available the computer technology, data inventory and management methodology, and proce-
dure manuals used by CDCs and Natural Heritage Programs. The methodology constantly
undergoes improvements as part of the partnership between the data centers and The Nature
Conservancy. These continual advancements ensure that the entire network remains responsive
to the needs of the conservation and development communities.
All told, there are over 400 biologists and computer technicians dedicated to the combined
effort, with several hundred others working part-time on biological inventories and research.
The Nature Conservancy is the administrative center of this network, promoting communica-
tions and the exchange of data, solutions and expertise throughout the network.
Applications: How NHPS and CDCs Are Used
Conservation Planning: The data center's integrated biological and land-use information is
used to identify critical areas in need of protection, and to establish conservation priorities on a
regional, national and global basis.
Development Planning: To help facilitate design and implementation of ecologically sound
development projects, data centers provide biological and ecological information to multilateral
development banks, bilateral development agencies, corporations both multi-national and local,
as well as in-country governmental agencies.
Park and Protected Area Management: Wise stewardship of natural areas requires detailed
knowledge of sensitive and endangered biological features. Information maintained by Heritage
Programs and CDCs on parks, forest reserves, and wild areas, and the management require-
ments of their biological elements, is used to improve management practices.
Research and education: Results from each center's inventory work guides new basic applied
scientific research. The biological databases represent an important resource for long-term
environmental monitoring.
32
The U.S. Network of Natural Heritage Data Centers
ALABAMA NATURAL HERITAGE SECTION
ILLINOIS NATURAL HERITAGE DIVISION
Dept of Conservation & Natural Resources
Dept of Conservation 524 S. 2nd St
Folsom Administration Bldg Div. of Lands
Springfield, IL 62706
64 N. Union St, Room 421 Montgomery, AL 36130
217/785-8774 FAX: 217/785-8277
205-242-3484 FAX: 205/242-0999
INDIANA HERITAGE PROGRAM
ALASKA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Div. of Nature Preserves, Dept Nat. Resources;
707 A Street, Suite 208 Anchorage, AK 99501
402 W. Washington St; Rm W267
907/279-4549 FAX: 907/258-9139
Indianapolis, IN 46204
317/232-4052 FAX: 317/232-8036
ARIZONA HERITAGE DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Habitat Branch, Arizona Game & Fish Dept.
IOWA NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY
2221 W. Greenway Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85023
Bureau of Preserves & Ecol. Services
501/789-3612 FAX: 602/324-9154
Dept of Nat. Resources, Wallace State Office Bldg
Des Moines, IA 50319
ARKANSAS NATURAL HERITAGE COMMISSION
515/281-8524 FAX: 515/281-8895
Suite 1500, Tower Building
323 Center St. Little Rock, AR 72201
KANSAS NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY
501/324-9150 FAX: 501/324-9154
Kansas Biological Survey
2041 Constant Ave Lawrence, KS 66047-2906
CALIFORNIA NATURAL HERITAGE DIVISION
913/864-3453 FAX: 913/864-7789
The Resources Agency-Dept of Fish & Game
1416 9th St, 12th Flr, Sacramento, CA 95814
KENTUCKY HERITAGE PROGRAM
916/322-2493 FAX: 916/324-0475
KY Nature Preserves Commission
407 Broadway Frankfort, KY 40601 502/564-2886
COLORADO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
c/o University of Colorado Museum
LOUISIANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Hunter 115, Campus Box 315 Boulder, CO 80309-0315
Dept of Wildlife & Fisheries
303/492-4719 FAX: 303/492-5105
PO Box 98000 Baton Rouge, LA 70898-9000
504/765-2821 FAX: 504/765-2607
CONNECTICUT NATURAL DIVERSITY DATABASE
Natural Res.Ctr, Dept of Environmental Protection
MAINE NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
State Office Bldg, Rm 553, 165 Capitol Ave
Office of Community Development
Hartford, CT 06106
State House Sta. 130, 219 Capitol Ave. Augusta, ME 04333
203/566-3540 FAX: 203/566-7932
207/624-6800 FAX: 207/624-6810
DELAWARE NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
MARYLAND NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Parks & Recreation, 89 Kings Highway Dover, DE 19903
Dept of Nat. Resources E-1, Tawes Bldg
302/739-5285 FAX: 302/739-3817
Annapolis, MD 21401
410/974-2870 FAX: 410/974-5592
FLORIDA NATURAL AREAS INVENTORY
1018 Thomasville Rd., Suite 200-C
MASSACHUSETTS NATURAL HERITAGE &
Tallahassee, FL 32303
ENDANGERED SPECIES PROG
904/224-8207; 224-0626 FAX: 904/681-9364
Div of Fisheries & Wildlife
100 Cambridge St. Boston, MA 02202
GEORGIA FRESHWATER WETLANDS & HERITAGE
617/727-9194 FAX: 617/727-7288
INVENTORY
Game and Fish Div., Georgia Dept of Natural Resources
MICHIGAN NATURAL FEATURES INVENTORY
2117 U.S. Highway 278 S.E. Social Circle, GA 30279
Mason Building, 5th floor
706/557-2514 FAX: 706/557-2770
Box 30028 Lansing, MI 48909
517/373-1552 FAX: 517/373-6705
HAWAII HERITAGE PROGRAM
1116 Smith St, #201 Honolulu, HI 96817
MINNESOTA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
808/537-4508 FAX: 808/545-2019
Dept of Natural Resources
500 Lafayette Rd., Box 7
IDAHO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
St. Paul, MN 55155
Dept of Fish & Game, 600 S. Walnut St, Box 25
612/296-3344 FAX: 612/297-4961
Boise, ID 83707
208/334-3402 FAX: 208/334-2114
33
MISSISSIPPI NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
OHIO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Museum of Natural Science
Div of Nat. Areas & Preserves, Dept of Natural Resources
111 N. Jefferson St
Fountain Sq, Bldg F, Columbus, OH 43224
Jackson, MS 39201-2897
614/265-6453 FAX: 614/262-6546
601/354-7303 FAX: 601/354-7227
OKLAHOMA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY
MISSOURI NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY
OK Biological Survey
Missouri Dept of Conservation
2001 Priestly Ave, Bldg 605 Norman, OK 73019-0543
PO Box 180 Jefferson City, MO 65102
405/325-1985 FAX: 405/325-7702
314/751-4115 FAX: 314/893-6079
OREGON NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Oregon Field Office 1205 NW 25th Avenue
State Library Bldg 1515 E.6th Ave
Portland, OR 97210
Helena, MT 59620
503/229-5078 FAX: 503/228-3153
406/444-3009 FAX: 406/444-5612
PENNSYLVANIA NAT.DIVERSITY INVENTORY
NEBRASKA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
PNDI-EAST-The Nature Conservancy
Game & Parks Commission, 2200 N. 33rd St
34 Airport Dr., Middletown, PA 17057
PO Box 30370, Lincoln, NE 68503
717/948-3962 FAX: 717/948-3957
402/471-5421 FAX: 402/471-5528
PNDI-WEST-W.Pennsylvania Conservancy
NEVADA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Natural Areas Program, 316 Fourth Ave.
Dept of Conserv.& Natural Resources
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
c/o Div. of State Parks
412/288-2777 FAX: 412/281-1792
123 W. Nye Carson City, NV 89710
702/687-4245 FAX: 702/885-0868
PENNSYLVANIA BUREAU OF FORESTRY
Forest Advisory Services
NEW HAMPSHIRE NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY
Dept of Environmental Resources
Dept of Resources & Economic Development
PO Box 8552, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8552
172 Pembroke St, PO Box 856
717/783-0388
Concord, NH 03301
603/271-3623 FAX: 603/271-2629
RHODE ISLAND HERITAGE PROGRAM
Dept of Environmental Mgmt.
NEW JERSEY NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Div. of Planning & Development
Office of Natural Lands Management
83 Park St, Providence, RI 02903
501 E. State St, CN404 Trenton, NJ 08625
401/277-2776 FAX: 401/277-2591
609/984-1339 FAX: 609/984-1427
SOUTH CAROLINA HERITAGE TRUST
NEW MEXICO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
S.C. Wildl. & Marine Resources Dept
University of New Mexico, Suite 100
PO Box 167 Columbia, SC 29202
2500 Yale Blvd, SE, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1091
803/734-3893 FAX: 803/734-4086 (CALL 1st)
505/277-1991 FAX: 505/277-7587
SOUTH DAKOTA NATURAL HERITAGE
NEW YORK NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
S.D. Dept of Game, Fish & Parks
Dept of Environmental Conservation
Wildlife Division 523 E. Capitol Ave.
700 Troy-Schenectady Rd Latham, NY 12110-2400
Pierre, SD 57501-3182
518/783-3932 FAX: 518/783-3916
605/773-4227 FAX: 605/773-6245
NORTH CAROLINA NATURAL HERITAGE
ECOLOGICAL SERVICES DIVISION
Dept of Env., Health & Nat.Res. - Div. of Parks & Rec.
Tennessee Dept of Conservation
Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611
Life and Casualty Tower
919/733-7701 FAX: 919/733-2622
401 Church St. Nashville, TN 37243-0447
615/532-0431 FAX: 615/532-0120
NORTH DAKOTA NATURAL HERITAGE INVENTORY
N.D. Parks & Tourism Dept
604 E. Boulevard Ave. Bismarck, ND 58505
701/224-4892 FAX: 701/224-4878
Swamp pink
34
TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE DEPT
National Park Data Centers
Endangered Resources Branch
3000 IH-35 S., Ste. 100, Austin, TX 78704
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
512/448-4311 FAX: 512/440-8887
c/o Trish Patterson
75 Spring St., SW Atlanta, GA 30303
UTAH NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
404/331-4916
1636 West North Temple, Ste 316
Salt Lake City, UT 84116-3193
BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY
801/538-7201 FAX: 801/538-7315
700 Northwestern Plaza
Asheville, NC 28801 704/259-0760
VERMONT NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Agency of Natural Resources, Center Bldg
EVERGLADES RESEARCH CENTER
103 S. Main St Waterbury, VT 05671-0501
EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK
802/244-7331 FAX: 802/244-1102
c/o Biology Department
P.O. Box 249118 Univ. of Miami
VIRGINIA DIVISION OF NATURAL HERITAGE
Coral Gables, FL 33124
Dept of Conservation & Recreation
305/284-3013 FAX: 305/284-3039
1500 E. Main St, Suite 312
Richmond, VA 23219
GREAT SMOKY MTNS. NATIONAL PARK
804/786-7951 FAX: 804/371-2674
ATTN: Janet Rock
107 Park Headquarters Rd.
WASHINGTON NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
Gatlinburg, TN 37738 615/436-1250
Dept. of Natural Resources
1111 Washington St. SE
GULF ISLANDS NATIONAL SEASHORE
Olympia, WA 98504-7047
1801 Gulf Breeze Parkway
206/902-1650 FAX: 206/902-1787
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 904/934-2605
WEST VIRGINIA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARK
Dept of Natural Resources, Ward Rd.
Div. of Sci. & Resource Mgmt.
PO Box 67 Elkins, WV 26241
Mammoth Cave Natl Park
304/637-0245 FAX: 304/637-0250
Mammoth Cave, KY 42259 502/758-2238
WISCONSIN NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
YELLOWSTONE CONSERVATION DATA CENTER
Endang. Resources/4 Dept of Natural Resources
c/o Stu Coleman, Yellowstone Natl Park
101 S. Webster St, Box 7921
P.O. Box 168 Yellowstone, WY 82190
Madison, WI 53707
307/344-2150
608/266-0924 FAX: 608/267-3579
National Forest Data Centers
WYOMING NATURAL DIVERSITY DATABASE
3165 Univ. Station, Laramie, WY 82071
NATIONAL FOREST IN FLORIDA
307/766-3441 FAX: 307/766-2271
Dept of Agriculture 227 N. Bronough St, Ste. 4016
Tallahassee, FL 32301
904/681-7329 FAX: 904/681-7144
Regional Heritage Data Centers
NATIONAL FOREST IN NORTH CAROLINA
NAVAJO NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM
P.O. Box 2750 Asheville, NC 28802
Navajo Fish & Wildlife
704/257-4810
PO Box 1480, Window Rock, AZ 86515-1480
602/871-6472 FAX: 602/871-6177/7040
OUACHITA NATIONAL FOREST
P.O. Box 1270 Hot Springs, AR 71902
TVA REGIONAL HERITAGE
501/321-5323
River Basin Operations, Wildlife & Natural Heritage
Norris, TN 37828
615/494-9800 FAX: 615/632-1612
35
S. FLORIDA/CARIBBEAN NAT'L
PARKS DATA CENTERS
PO Box 279, Homestead, FL 33030
305/242-7800
BIG CYPRESS NATIONAL PRESERVE
S.R.Box 110 Ochopee, FL 33943
BISCAYNE NATIONAL PRESERVE
PO Box 1369 Homestead, FL 33030
THE NATURE CONSERVANCY
SCIENCE DIVISION
1815 N. Lynn St Arlington, VA 22209
703/841-5300 FAX: 703/525-8024
Regional Support Centers-US
Eastern Heritage Task Force (EHTF)
The Nature Conservancy 201 Devonshire St, 5th floor
Boston, MA 02110
617/542-1908 FAX: 617/482-5866
Southern Heritage Task Force (SHTF)
The Nature Conservancy
101 Conner Dr., Suite 302
PO Box 2267 Chapel Hill, NC 27515-2267
919/967-5493 FAX: 919/967-1575
Midwest Heritage Task Force (MHTF)
The Nature Conservancy 1313 Fifth St, SE
Minneapolis, MN 55414
612/331-0700 FAX: 612/331-0770
Western Heritage Task Force (WHTF)
The Nature Conservancy 2060 Broadway, Suite 230
Boulder, CO 80302
303/541-0355 FAX: 303/449-4328