Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
120361293
label
[United Nations Environment Programme] [loose]
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
120361293
contentType
document
title
[United Nations Environment Programme] [loose]
citationUrl
collections
Records of the Council on Environmental Quality (Clinton Administration)
Kathleen McGinty's Files
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
120361293
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
otherTitles
42-t-7432005-20120769F-Seg2-053-009-2018
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
901f7c6ae5b28a58
ocrText
FOIA Number: 2012-0769-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the William J. Clinton
Presidential Library Staff.
Collection/Record Group:
Clinton Presidential Records
Subgroup/Office of Origin:
Council on Environmental Quality
Series/Staff Member:
Kathleen (Katie) McGinty
Subseries:
OA/ID Number:
2898
FolderID:
Folder Title:
[United Nations Environment Programme] [Loose]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
S
61
6
2
3
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
$
s
&
AND
UNEP
ON
NUMA UNPNUE.
I
Two Decades
of Achievement
have
and Challenge
ways UNE
&
THE
INDIANA
THE
10
A
PNIE.
ONER
OF
INEP
was
way
<<<<<<<
UNEP
and
THEI
4
ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME
DRAFT POLICY PAPER
October 30, 1992
INTRODUCTION
1.
From August 31 to 4 September 1992, the Executive Director of UNEP and his
senior staff met to review a wide range of subjects and policy matters. The meeting
clarified many issues. Following the Rio conference, UNEP has made a comprehensive
review of its Programme in the light of Agenda 21 so as to ensure a more focused
response to the priorities of both the Governing Council and UNCED. In this draft
document, the policies of the Programme and its interrelated components are described.
2.
Agenda 21 addresses all areas of UNEP's activities, but the overall impact has
been to reinforce UNEP's role without changing it significantly and to point the way to
changes of emphasis, rather than major changes of substance. Agenda 21 stresses that
UNEP should remain the central environmental body in the UN system. UNEP deals
with the environment, taking into account the development process, but UNEP is not a
development agency. UNEP will not change its role to deal with issues such as poverty
or population growth as such, but will ensure that the activities it supports have positive
effects on development, poverty and population. UNEP's policy and activities must have
a sound scientific foundation; scientific support is the backbone of UNEP's activities.
3.
Implementation of Environmental management programmes is the exclusive
responsibility of Governments. The role of the United Nations system is to provide
support and technical assistance in the development of such programmes, as well as to
ensure the availability of environmental information and assessments on which to base
sound management activities. It can help to develop concepts and tools of environmental
assessment and management and to stimulate awareness of the need for infusion of
environmental considerations into decision making at all levels. The United Nations
system can facilitate the development of international environmental treaties and the
establishment of institutions to administer them.
4.
This document describes the principal policies of the Environment Programme.
It follows a broad structure that has been used in preparing the revised United Nations
medium term plan, and which will be followed in preparing future SWMTP and UNEP
Programme budget. Twelve major elements of the Programme are described. Some of
these have several important components which are not dealt with in detail herein. The
12 elements are derived from a distillation of Agenda 21 and current UNEP sub-
programmes. As such they reflect a mixture of sectors and functions, which may well
benefit from a higher-order grouping, for example, into sectoral sub-programmes for
components of the environment and cross-cutting subprogrammes for the means of
implementation. Relative weightings of the elements across the Programme need to be
further reviewed and refined in the light of Agenda 21.
5. For each of the 12 elements the purpose is described, the main policies are identified
and the impact of Agenda 21 is indicated. All main activities of UNEP are closely
interconnected, and interactions are emphasized during planning and execution. None
of these activities is self sufficient on its own - all depend on others for support.
diagrams. Examples of interlinkages in the programmes and activities are depicted in the annexed
STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME
1.
PROTECTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
2.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
AND THEIR RESOURCES
(includes: Biological Diversity; Desertification and Drought; Soils, Agricultural
Lands and Agrochemicals; Forests and Other Ecosystems; Microbial Resources
and Related Biotechnologies)
4.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF OCEANS AND COASTAL AREAS
MANAGEMENT
5.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND WELFARE
6.
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT
TOOLS
7.
TOXIC CHEMICALS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
8.
INDUSTRY ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
9.
EARTHWATCH: DATA, INFORMATION, ASSESSMENT AND EARLY
WARNING
(includes: GEMS, INFOTERRA, GRID, IRPTC, SOE, Climate, Earthwatch
Secretariat)
10. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
11.
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, INSTITUTIONS AND POLICY
12. SUPPORT TO AND COOPERATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION
(including Global and Regional Co-operation)
1. PROTECTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
1.
Purpose
The purpose of the Atmosphere Programme is to identify the impacts of climate
variability and change on people and the environment; to estimate the social and
economic implications of such impacts and to enumerate the range of response
options for adapting to/or mitigating the adverse effects; to increase awareness
of the implications of climate variability and change through education, training
and public awareness programmes with a view to enabling the general public to
deal adequately with climate-related problems; promote the protection of the
stratospheric Ozone layer through assistance in the preparation of scientific
impacts, economic and technological assessments of the status of Ozone depletion
and its causal agents; to implement the provisions of the Vienna Convention on
the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer; cooperate with GEF in appropriately assisting Parties
not eligible for funding under the Financial Mechanism of the Protocol; to
monitor long-term global trends in atmospheric constituents and properties,
including air pollution, which may cause change in meteorological properties
including climatic changes.
2.
Policy
The policy is to integrate the scientific questions related to climate variability and
change with the socio-economic issues including disasters that may arise from
climate variability and change. Assisting developing countries to make inventories
of their sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, assess potential climate change
impacts and estimate the costs associated with reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions; carry out regional assessment of atmospheric pollution using data
collected during Background Air Pollution Monitoring. These will require intra-
programme cooperation and coordination to reflect the cross-sectoral nature of
the issues.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
The impact of Agenda 21 is to reinforce the activities of the World Climate
Impacts Assessment and Response Strategies Programme; emphasize the intra-
programme cooperation within UNEP as well as interagency coordination within
the United Nations family on cross-sectoral issues that arise out of climate
variability and change and atmospheric pollution; and also the periodic evaluation
of the effects of enhanced UV radiation through Ozone layer depletion on
humans, animals, agriculture, forestry, natural and aquatic systems, especially in
tropical and sub-tropical regions.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT - FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
1.
Purpose
The purpose of the Freshwater Programme Activities is the Environmentally
Sound Management of Inland Waters with special attention to International
Water Bodies. These activities are focussing on Environmentally Sound use of
water resources shared by different countries and reconciling conflicting interests.
2.
Policy
The policy of the Freshwater Programme Activities, targeted through UNEP's
EMINWA concept is:
(i)
to assist government to develop, approve and implement environmentally
sound water management programmes for inland water systems, whether
this is shared river basin, shared lake basin or shared groundwater
resources.
(ii)
To carry out the above assistance with an integrated approach for the
environmentally sound and integrated development of the basin.
(iii)
To accomplish the above at the regional level with effective involvement,
co-operation and support of relevant UNEP units/PAC's, UN agencies and
international organizations, bearing in mind the linkages with national
priorities and the commitments of the concerned governments towards the
international community, and the mutual benefits of each concerned
government arising from such basin wide co-operation, especially in
monitoring water quality.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
The recommendation of Chapter 18 of Agenda 21 reinforces the current UNEP's
water programme. But to implement the above policy, the Freshwater
Programme needs to strengthen:
-
Its integrated approach to attain sustainable development of a given shared
basin, and cooperation among concerned countries.
Its co-operation with other UNEP units, PAC's, regional offices, as well as
other UN agencies, to contribute collectively to capacity building and
institutional arrangements at both national and regional level.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
AND THEIR RESOURCES
1.
Purpose
The overall purpose of this broad programme with many components is to make
the environmental management of terrestrial ecosystems and their resources an
important part of, and fully integrated with, social and economic activities to
ensure that these environmental activities and economic growth objectives become
mutually supportive. Effective management depends heavily on effective
environmental assessment; this has close linkages with Earthwatch.
2.
Policy
The policy is to catalyze actions, to encourage governments and regional
organizations and to support actions that will lead to effective environmental
management of terrestrial ecosystems and their resources, especially through the
full implementation of the Biodiversity Convention, the Global Biodiversity
Strategy, the Caring for the Earth, the Tropical Forests Action Plan, the Plan of
Action to Combat Desertification, the World Soil Policy and all the related
provisions of Agenda 21.
The main elements of policy are: (i) conservation and sustainable use of
biological diversity; (ii) to maintain the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems
through preventing land degradation in the drylands (desertification control) and
the humid zones, to stimulate soil water and vegetation conservation and to apply
integrated approaches to the planning and management of land resources; (iii) to
monitor and minimize the impacts of agrochemicals on livestock and human
health with emphasis on safety in agrochemicals uses and pests management; (v)
to enhance the protection, sustainable management and conservation of all
forests, especially tropical forest ecosystems, through assessment and systematic
observations of forest programmes, including commercial trade and processes;
assessment of the global dimensions of deforestation; and the promotion of forest
afforestation, reforestation and other rehabilitation means; and (vi) to maximize
the benefits and the safe use of biotechnologies.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
Agenda 21 has brought into sharper focus the tasks involved in implementing
UNEP programme on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Accordingly, UNEP will increase
its efforts along the following streamlines: (i) the reinforcement of the
interlinkages within the different areas of Terrestrial Ecosystems (forests, soils,
land use planning, protected areas, biodiversity, desertification, biotechnologies,
etc) as well as with other components of UNEP activities like freshwater
resources, environmental economics, assessment and monitoring, legislation, ocean
and coastal areas, etc; (ii) the application of economic and legislative tools for
increasing the effectiveness of national environmental management policies,
especially in key productive sectors associated with terrestrial ecosystems
management; (iii) human resources development; and (iv) institutional
strengthening and capacity building. An immediate task that would require
UNEP's support is the preparation of the Proposed Convention on Desertification
and Drought.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF OCEANS AND COASTAL AREAS
1.
Purpose
The purpose of UNEP's "Oceans" Programme is the protection of the global
marine environment and coastal areas and their resources through provision of
assistance to Governments to achieve sustainable development of these resources
on the basis of monitoring and assessment, in the framework of Earthwatch, of
the state of the marine environment; in the control of marine pollution regionally
and globally, and through the promotion of the regional approaches to sound
management and rational use of living marine resources.
2.
Policy
The policy, targeted through UNEP's Regional Seas Programme, is:
(a)
To foster acceptance and application within a reasonable time-frame of the
concept of integrated Coastal Area Planning and Management with
particular emphasis on mitigation and/or elimination of environmental
degradation caused by land-based sources of pollution and human
activities as they otherwise adversely affect the coastal and marine
environment, with special reference to small islands;
(b)
To carry out the above on the basis of sound environmental economics for
the coastal and marine areas, and practical natural resource accounting
related to the rich resources present in such areas, and
(c)
To accomplish the above at the regional level with effective involvement,
co-operation and support of relevant UNEP units, UN agencies and
international organizations, bearing in mind the inherent linkages with
national priorities and global obligations, and the benefits arising from
strong inter-regional co-operation.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
In response to the recommendations in Agenda 21 in general and Chapter 17
specifically, and in order to implement the above policy, the suggested strategy
requires some change of emphasis. The oceans and coastal areas programme will
increase emphasis on integrated coastal area planning and management; and
control of pollution from land-based sources and the impacts of human activities.
In this context, attention will be given to protection and development of small
islands and their ecosystems; and to the importance of the application of
environmental economics and natural resource accounting. This will emphasize
the need for enhanced co-operation with UNEP units and regional offices, UN
agencies and others as well as strengthening inter- and intra- regional co-
operation. The Regional Seas Programme activities need to be fully integrated
with OCA/PAC's involvement in global activities.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND WELFARE
1.
Purpose
The objectives in this area are to:
-
improve health and quality of life of the people through promotion of
environmental health at all levels.
-
incorporate environmental considerations in the planning and management
of human settlements so as to ensure sustainable development of shelter
and infrastructure.
2.
Policy
The policy in this area is:
-
to reduce, and where possible, eliminate all factors in the environment that
pose a risk to human health and well-being. This will require
identification of environmental factors causing human diseases through
epidemiological studies.
-
to pay special attention to health and environmental effects of toxic
chemicals
-
to encourage human settlements development that is in harmony with
natural systems. This will require co-operation in the areas of provision
of safe water, adequate sanitation, removal and safe disposal of municipal
wastes and protection of air quality and public space, particularly in
reference to the low income groups and underserved sections of the
population.
to reduce the adverse health and environmental effects of energy, industry
and water resource, development activities, keeping in mind the need for
developing countries to increase the pace of their development and
economic growth.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
Agenda 21 recognizes the interdependencies between health, development and
the environment, and the harmony between the built environment of human
settlements and the natural environment. It sets out specific strategies and action
plans to protect and promote human health, and create the right harmony
between the built environment and the natural environment, in a number of
chapters. The first preamble in the Rio Declaration on Environment and
Development focusses on the issues of human health. Agenda 21 has indicated
how the objectives and policies in the areas of human health, welfare and
settlements can lead to sustainable development. The existing sub-programmes,
human settlements, waste management, hazards of pollution and environmental
aspects of human health will be further enhanced by the actions in response to
Agenda 21. UNEP will continue its strategies with other UN agencies in
particular WHO, UNHCS (Habitat), ILO.
This sub-programme is closely related to Toxic chemicals and Waste Management
and to IRPTC.
6. ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ACCOUNTING AND
MANAGEMENT TOOLS
1.
Purpose
The purposes of this sub-programme are: (i) to integrate environmental and social
dimensions in the national income accounting framework; (ii) to promote the
practical application of EIA and CBA in decision-making on development; (iii)
to develop and promote the methodology of economic valuation of environmental
goods and services with a view to guiding economic and environmental policies;
(iv) to promote the application of economic instruments for guiding sustainable
development and sound environmental management; and (v) to promote
consistency and mutual support and to minimize conflict between international
environmental and economic cooperation agreements.
2.
Policy
(i)
to intensify practical collaboration with the development banks and UN
development agencies including the World Bank and UNDP so as to
provide technical cooperation and environmentally sound advice to
countries regarding national income accounting; and on the use of various
economic tools; on trade implications for environmental policies etc.
(ii)
to provide methodological and procedural guidance on the use of EIA and
CBA in decision-making;
(iii)
to identify gaps in existing knowledge and empirical application of
valuation methodologies, focussing on major environmental challenges,
iding those covered by international environmental agreements;
(iv)
to analyze experience of countries which have applied economic policy
instruments with a view to making this experience available to other
countries;
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
Chapter 38 of Agenda 21 includes, as priority areas on which UNEP, among
others should concentrate, (i) developing and promoting the use of techniques
such as natural resource accounting and environmental economics, and (ii) further
development and promotion of the widest possible use of environmental impact
assessments. Agenda 21 refers in many sectoral chapters to the development and
use of economic policy tools for the furtherance of sustainable development.
Promotion of international trade is advocated as a means for sustainable
development, while the question of potential conflicts between environmental
policies and trade agreements was addressed. Agenda 21 gives impetus to the
development of an indepth addressing of this important issue.
9
7. TOXIC CHEMICALS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
1.
Purpose
The purpose of this subprogramme is to promote environmentally sound
management of toxic chemicals and wastes through international cooperation with
particular reference to the needs of developing countries and countries with
economies in transition. UNEP's role will be to provide the necessary catalysis
and to act as coordinator in the programme development and implementation in
cooperation with the relevant UN agencies.
2.
Elements of the Policy
(i)
Elaboration of internationally harmonized hazard and risk assessment of
chemicals and wastes (by IRPTC and ISBC);
(ii)
Development and implementation of internationally-agreed management
actions with a priority on the reduction in toxics used and on waste
minimization (by IRPTC, IE/PAC and ISBC);
(iii)
Assisting in the elaboration and implementation of national management
schemes and controls (by IRPTC, ISBC and ELI/PAC);
(iv)
Compilation and dissemination of relevant information on potential risks,
control actions, including national and international controls (by IRPTC,
IE/PAC and ISBC); and
(v)
Provision of technical, legal and institutional assistance to Governments
(hv IRPTC, IE/PAC, ISBC and ELI/PAC).
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
UNEP was already involved in aspects of this topic but will respond to Agenda
21 by giving more prominence to this area. It will emphasize international
co-operative activities and increase its involvement in catalyzing and coordinating
international activities. It will cover such fields as information; risk assessment
and management of chemicals, both national and international; risk reduction
programmes; prevention, minimization and management of wastes, in particular
hazardous wastes; and international controls on traffic of chemicals and hazardous
wastes; as well as building of national capacities for the assessment and
management of chemicals and wastes.
10
S. INDUSTRY, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
1.
Purpose
The main purposes of the sub-programme are to integrate increasingly the
management of the environmental impacts of the production and use of energy,
industrial activity and transportation into policy and planning, to strengthen
national policies, institutions and capabilities for environmentally sound
development in the energy, industry, transportation and tourism sectors, to
promote low-pollution and low-resource technologies and conversion systems,
particularly in developing countries, and to enhance the working environment of
employees.
2.
Policy
(a)
To encourage the integration of environmental considerations in the
planning, production and use of energy;
(b)
To strengthen the capacity of countries to design and implement policies
and programmes for the improvement of the working environment;
(c)
To integrate environmental considerations into industrial development and
provision of energy for sustainable development, and to strengthen
national policies, institutions and capabilities for managing industrial
activities in a sustainable way; and
(d)
To promote the incorporation of environmental considerations in the
formulation of national and regional transportation plans, and to facilitate
the reduction of negative health impacts of transportation systems,
especially urban transport systems.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
Agenda 21 provides further confirmation of the importance of this sub-
programme in relation to the achievement of sustainable development. Agenda
21 reinforces the international co-ordinating and catalyzing role of UNEP in this
area, particularly the need to intensify efforts to develop the appropriate tools and
policies to assess the impacts of industrial and energy development on the
environment, thus fostering the contribution of various sectors, of the community
towards sustainable development. Relevant UNEP programmes, particularly
those of IE/PAC and TEB will require their enhancement and re-focussing in the
light of Agenda 21.
11
9. EARTHWATCH: DATA, INFORMATION, ASSESSMENT
AND EARLY WARNING
1.
Purpose
Environmental monitoring and comprehensive assessments of major
environmental media constitute the backbone of the UN system-wide Earthwatch
process. Global overviews of status and trends provide definitive information
which can be used as early warnings of major environmental problems. The use
of assessment and other scientific and technical information in decision making
and risk management is part of the environmental management process and both
are components of the framework for ensuring human and natural well-being.
Facilitation of the exchange of environmental experiences and information among
nations and within a nation enable better decision-making in the environmental
fields.
2.
Policy
Earthwatch will continue to develop and strengthen global and national
environmental monitoring programmes, catalyze assessments in each
concentration area and with the appropriate UN agencies, and provide the
necessary data and information as a support for environmental management in
accordance with Agenda 21 chapter on information for decision-making.
Earthwatch will help to identify emerging problems, identify risks and, in
association with management, propose policies for risk reduction. Where
appropriate Earthwatch will ensure that early warnings of emerging or newly
recognized environmental threats are issued to Governments and the World
Community. Timely and relevant scientific information will enable decision-
makers to protect and enhance their environment.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
Overall, the activities conducted by the different components of Earthwatch
(GEMS, INFOTERRA, GRID, IRPTC, SOE, Climate, Earthwatch Secretariat)
are in line with the requirements of Agenda 21 and specific to the requirements
stated for Earthwatch. Specific activities will need to be further developed and
strengthened in light of specific requirements of Agenda 21, in particular socio-
economic considerations will have to be incorporated into the Earthwatch
programmes:
A)
capacity building in developing countries needs to be increased;
B)
the availability of reliable information needs to be improved;
C)
methods need to be developed for the verification of the impacts of
international treaties on the environment;
D)
develop a systematic and structured approach to environmental indicators;
E)
special attention needs to be given to early warning and risk assessment
within Earthwatch.
12
10. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1.
Purpose
The purposes of this Subprogramme are;
(i)
to strengthen analytical, policy and institutional capacities, of countries for
sustainable development, including those for decision making on
environmental assessment and management,
(ii)
to advance skill formation and human resources development through
collaboration between developed and developing countries and among
developing countries themselves, including information networking, transfer
of technologies, and relevant education and training programmes.
2.
Policy
(i)
In cooperation with relevant UN agencies, including regional commissions,
the World Bank, regional development banks and other regional
organizations, to promote activities for national capacity building through
the development of national monitoring and assessment capabilities and
UNDP, of national environmental plans of action, strengthening of human
and institutional capabilities for decision making and administration for
sustainable development, for developing countries and countries with
economies in transition, through providing training, technical cooperation,
information and policy advice to countries,
(ii)
To promote the use of environmental impact assessment and other policy
tools to ensure environmentally sound development.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
Most of the Agenda 21 chapters, in particular, chapters 35, 36 and 38 emphasize
the importance of national capacity building for sustainable development. In
chapter 36, UNDP's major role in national capacity building was identified, and
UNEP's special contributory role in the field of the environment was specifically
stated in this context. All subprogrammes contribute to the realization of this
subprogramme. Modalities for enhanced inhouse and interagency coordination
must be squarely addressed.
11. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, INSTITUTIONS AND POLICY
1.
Purpose
The purpose of this sub-programme is to contribute to the formation and
development of a coherent body of international law in the environmental field,
to promote legislative and institutional capacity building, especially in developing
countries, and in this respect enhance the exchange and dissemination of
information, and further development of education and training of national cadres
in the field of environmental law.
2.
Policy
The policy is to further develop, in accordance with Montevideo II Programme
for the Development and Periodic review of Environmental Law, international
legal instruments, in particular conventions and guidelines; to promote their
implementation; and to coordinate the function of the secretariats of
environmental conventions, and at the national level to assist developing countries
through the provision of technical assistance in accordance with national policies
in drafting national environmental legislation and setting up appropriate
machineries for the management of the environment.
3.
Impact of Agenda 21
Agenda 21 has reiterated the major role of UNEP in further development of
international environmental law, and at national level UNEP will, upon request,
assist in national efforts to establish and enhance their legal and institutional
frameworks. Agenda 21 has further reinforced the mandate of UNEP in the field
of environmental law and identified specific areas of concern.
12. SUPPORT TO AND COOPERATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION
(INCLUDING GLOBAL AND REGIONAL COOPERATION)
1.
Purpose
The purposes of this subprogramme are: (i) to create and promote the individual's
awareness and actions for environmental management (ii) to promote human
resources development for endogenous capacity building and to strengthen the
environmental elements throughout all levels of education systems of all countries,
and (iii) to promote international activities at regional and subregional levels.
2.
Policy
(i)
To research, plan and implement a comprehensive information,
communications and public relations programme, and utilize this
information as well as feedback obtained to assist in-house decision-
making;
(ii)
To stimulate active participation by the citizens, and elicit interest and
contribution from NGOs for environmentally sound and sustainable
development;
(iii) To vastly increase all human resources development and target it towards
endogenous capacity- building of member states;
(iv)
To place all specialized environmental skills training within the context of
integrated environmental management; and
(v)
To continue to develop and implement the International Environmental
Education Programme (IEEP) and in doing so broaden the scope of
literacy to include environmental literacy for all; remoulding of EE into
Sustainable Development Education (SDE).
(vi)
to catalyze, co-ordinate and foster regional and sub-regional activities,
which will contribute to global cooperation.
3.
Impacts of Agenda 21
Agenda 21 highlighted awareness-building for all target groups, education as the
basis for all future development, especially the vastly increased output of trainees
within a co-ordinated strategy, emphasis on regional and sub-regional activities
and strengthening of UNEP's regional offices.
empolicy r3
Annex
Agenda 21
UNEP
Regional
GEF
Linkages between
Offices
sustainable development
Climate Change
and environmental
Convention
change
Inventorles
Support GCOS
National
Education, training, P.A.
( limate
Protection from
Programmes on climate
Pro rammes
drought/desertlfication
and energy
Regional conferences on
Programmes on
transport and
abatement/adaptation
environment
Identify sound
World
Education, training and
technologles for GHG
public awareness
limitation
Climate
IPCC
Include climate
Program
Research, monitoring
considerations In
programmes on terrestrial
GCOS
and marine resources
ACMAD
Address environment and
economics
In-house
Coordination
CCC
JNEP
Scientific
Climate
Information
Advisory
Committee
Programme
and
Public Affairs
(WCIRP)
Terrestrial
Environmental
Support
Earthwatch
Ecosystems
Management
Measures
D. DIAGRAM ON TEB PROGRAMME INTERLINKAGES
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT:
A. Integrated TEB Programme.
Area of Concentration
Water Resources and
Freshwater Ecosystems
Biological Diversity
Forests and
and Protected Areas
Other Ecosystems
Microbial Resources and
Soils, Agricultural Lands
Related Biotechnologies
and Agrochemicals
B. Coordination and cooperation
UNEP Centers and Programmes
Environmental
Environmental
Assessment:
Management and
Supporting
- GEMS
Measures:
- CRID
- INFOTERRA
- ELI/PAC
- IRPTC
- DES/PAC
- Env. Economics
- IEO/PAC
- Education &
Training
-
T
C. Coordination and Cooperation
with Other Agencies
UN
NON-UN
- - DESCON
- CGIAR
- Econ. Commissions
- EEC
- - EIS
IGBP
- - IBPGR
IGU
- IDWSSD
- assa
- FAO
IIED
- UNESCO
ISRIC
- WHO
- ISSS
WFP
- IUCN
WFC
WWF
- UNSO
- SCOPE
UNITAR
WRI
- UNIDO
. MIRCENs
UNEP
10C
WHO
WMO
ETC.
units
IUCN
UNFPA
Monitoring
Applications
OWI
IOC
UNEP a OCA/PAC
WFP
DRI
HABITAT
WWF
units
UNEP
FAO
WBK
WBk
1551
Assessment
Implementation
IUGS
04/1
ILO
WTO
IAEA
UNIDO
Com bonents
Urban
Ports & Harb.
Agriculture
Industry
Tourism
etc
Pollution
Erosion
Sea level rise
etc:
Issues
Data Require Interned
Desertification
Agenda
21
12
PROGRAMME AREAS
INTERLINKAGES
Supporting
UNEP Internal
UN-System
Organizations
(A) Strengthening the knowledge
CILSS, IGADD, OS:
base and developing information
SADCC, AMU, COMIDE
and monitoring systems for regions
DC/PAC, GEMS-Earthwatch,
FAO, UNSO, WMO. UNI-
AMCEN, DESCONAI
prone to desertification and
GRID. TEB (Sbils, Water,
TAR. WB, ECA, ESCAP.
Other International and Rc
drought, including the economic and
Forests) Regional Offices
ECLAC, ECA, ESCWA
gional Organizations, Govern
social aspects of these ecosystems;
ments and National Institution
NGO Networks
CGIAR Research Centre:
CILSS, IGADD, SADCC
(B) Combating land degradation
DC/PAC, TEB (Soils, Water,
FAO, UNSO, WB, UNESCO.
AMU, COMIDES, AMCEN
:hrough, inter aiia, intensified soil
Forests) Regional Offices
Economic Commissions
Other International and Re
servation, afforestation and re-
gional Organizations, Govern
estation activities;
ments and National Institution
NGO Networks
(C) Developing and strengthening
CGIAR Research Centre:
integrated development pro-
CILSS, IGADD, SADCC
grammes for the eradication of pov-
UNDP, DED, FAO, WB, UN-
AMU, COMIDES, AMCEN
erty and promotion of alternative
DC/PAC, TEAB, IPA Re-
ESCO. Economic Com-
Other International and Re
gional Offices
missions
livelihood systems in areas prone to
gional Organizations, Govern
ments and National Institu
desertification;
tions, NGO Networks
(D) Developing comprehensive
CGIAR Research Centres
anti-desertification programmes
CILSS, IGADD, SADCC
and integrating them into national
DC/PAC, ELI/PAC. Regional
General Assembly, UNDP,
AMU, COMIDES, AMCEN
Offices
development plans and national en-
UNSO, FAO, DED, FAO,
Other International and Re
vironmental planning;
WB, IUCN. Economic Com-
gional Organizations, Govern
missions
ments and National Institu
tions, NGO Networks
( Developing comprehensive
CILSS, IGADD, ACMAD
rought preparedness and drought-
SADCC, AMU, Other Inter
elief schemes, including self-help
GEMS -Atmosphere,
WMO, FAO, WFP, UNDP,
national and Regional Organ
arrangements, for drought-prone
DC/PAC, Regional Offices
UNSO, UNDRO, DED,
izations, Governments an.
areas and designing programmes to
Economic Commissions
National Institutions, NG(
cope with environmental refugees;
Networks
(F) Encouraging and promoting
popular participation and environ-
CILSS. IGADD. SADCC
mental education, focusing on
UNESCO, UNITAR, WMO.
AMU, Other Internationa
DC/PAC, EETU, IPA, Re-
desertification control and manage-
FAO, UNSO, UNDRO, Econ-
and Regional Organizations
gional Offices
ment of the effects of drought.
omic Commissions
Governments and National In
stitutions, NGO Networks
CONTRIBUTORS TO THE ENVIRONMENT FUND
1992
Country
Amount
Percent
1. U.S.A
17,124,000
26.9
2.
United Kingdom
8,253,000
13.0
3. Japan
8,000,000
12.6
4.
Germany
5,774,436
9.1
5. Finland
3,938,648
6.2
6.
Sweden
3,613,963
5.7
7. Norway
2,803,813
4.4
8.
Switzerland
2,181,818
3.4
9. Italy
2,144,389
3.4
10. France
2,004,008
3.1
11. Netherlands
1,879,695
3.0
12. Denmark
976,309
1.5
13. Canada
925,147
1.5
14. Spain
862,995
1.4
15. Australia
829,464
1.3
Sub-total
61,311,685
96.3
Others (61)
2,349,238
3.7
Total contributions
63,660,923
100.0
PBD94-95:18-Jan-93
PROGRAMME BUDGET DOCUMENT 1994-1995
DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION
PROPOSED APPORTIONMENTS
NOT TO BE QUOTED
(Thousands US $)
SUB-PROGRAMME/Programme elements
TOTAL CORE
CORE 1
CORE 2
SUPPLEMENTARY
GRAND TOTAL
amount
per cent
amount per cent
amount per cent
amount
per cent
amount
per cent
1. PROTECTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
7,520
4.7
6,110
4.7
1,410
4.7
1,880
4.7
9,400
4.7
1.1 Protection of the atmosphere
7,520
4.7
6,110
4.7
1,410
4.7
1,880
4.7
9,400
4.7
2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES
8,800
5.5
7,150
5.5
1,650
5.5
2,200
5.5
11,000
5.5
2.1 Env. management of freshwater resources
8,800
5.5
7,150
5.5
1,650
5.5
2,200
5.5
11,000
55
3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
21,600
13.5
17,550
13.5
4,050
13.5
5,400
13.5
27,000
13.5
3.1 Soils, agricultural lands and agrochemicals
2,720
1.7
2,210
1.7
510
1.7
680
1.7
3,400
1.7
3.2 Arid lands and desertification
9,120
5.7
7,410
5.7
1,710
5.7
2,280
5.7
11,400
5.7
3.3 Forests and other ecosystems
3,360
2.1
2,730
2.1
630
2.1
840
2.1
4,200
21
3.4 Biological diversity
4,320
2.7
3,510
2.7
810
2.7
1,080
2.7
5,400
2.7
3.5 Microbial resources and related biotechnologies
1,600
1.0
1,300
1.0
300
1.0
400
1.0
2,000
10
3.6 Lithosphere
480
0.3
390
0.3
90
0.3
120
0.3
600
03
4, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF OCEANS AND COASTAL AREAS
12,800
8.0
10,400
8.0
2,400
8.0
3,200
8.0
16,000
8.0
4.1 Env. management of oceans and coastal areas
12,800
8.0
10,400
8.0
2,400
8.0
3,200
8.0
16,000
80
5. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND WELFARE
4,000
2.5
3,250
2.5
750
2.5
1,000
2.5
5,000
25
5.1 Env. aspects of human settlements planning and management
480
0.3
390
0.3
90
0.3
120
0.3
600
0.3
5.2 Community preparedness for natural and man-made env. disasters
960
0.6
780
0.6
180
0.6
240
0.6
1,200
0.5
5.3 Hazards of pollution
1,280
0.8
1,040
0.8
240
0.8
320
0.8
1,500
08
5.4 Environmental aspects of human health
1,280
0.8
1,040
0.8
240
0.8
320
0.8
1,600
08
6. ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, NATURAL RESOURCES ACCOUNTING
8,000
5.0
6,500
5.0
1,500
5.0
2,000
5.0
10,000
5.0
AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS
6.1 Environmental economics. natural resources accounting
8,000
5.0
6,500
5.0
1,500
5.0
2,000
5.0
10,000
5.0
and environmental management tools
7. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW. INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES
11,200
7.0
9,100
7.0
2,100
7.0
2,800
7.0
14,000
70
7.1 Environmental law, institutions and policies
11,200
7.0
9,100
7.0
2,100
7.0
2,800
7.0
14,000
7.0
8. TOXIC CHEMICALS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
4,000
2.5
3,250
2.5
750
2.5
1,000
2.5
5,000
2.5
8.1 Toxic chemicals and waste management
4,000
2.5
3,250
2.5
750
2.5
1,000
2.5
5,000
2.5
9. INDUSTRY, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
11,680
7.3
9,490
7.3
2,190
7.3
2,920
7.3
14,600
7.3
9.1 Energy and environment
1,920
1.2
1,560
1.2
360
1.2
480
1.2
2,400
12
9.2 Industry and environment
7,200
4.5
5,850
4.5
1,350
4.5
1,800
4.5
9,000
45
9.3 Transportation and environment
1,280
0.8
1,040
0.8
240
0.8
320
0.8
1,600
08
9.4 Tourism and environment
800
0.5
650
0.5
150
0.5
200
0.5
1,000
0.5
9.5 Working environment
480
0.3
390
0.3
90
0.3
120
0.3
600
0.3
PBD94-95:18-Jan-93
10. EARTHWATCH, DATA, INFORMATION ASSESSMENT,
32,000
20.0
26,000
20.0
6,000
20,0
8,000
20.0
40,000
20.0
EARLY WARNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSES
10.1 Earthwatch co-ordination
1,280
0.8
1,040
0.8
240
0,8
320
0.8
1,600
0.8
10.2 Global environmental monitoring system (GEMS)
8,480
5.3
6,890
5.3
1,590
5.3
2,120
5.3
10,600
5.3
10.3 INFOTERRA
3,520
2.2
2,860
2.2
660
2.2
880
2.2
4,400
2.2
10.4 International register of potentially toxic chemicals (IRPTC)
8,800
5.5
7,150
5.5
1,650
5.5
2,200
5.5
11,000
55
10.5 Global resource information database (GRID)
6,240
3.9
5,070
3.9
1,170
3.9
1,560
3.9
7,800
3.9
10.6 State of the environment
3,680
2.3
2,990
2.3
690
2.3
920
2.3
4,600
2.3
11. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
19,200
12.0
15,600
12.0
3,600
12.0
4,800
12.0
24,000
12.0
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
11.1 Environmental education and training
9,600
6.0
7,800
6.0
1,800
6,0
2,400
6.0
12,000
6.0
11,2 Environmental awareness: Public information
9,600
6.0
7,800
6.0
1,800
6.0
2,400
6.0
12,000
60
12. SUPPORT TO AND COOPERATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION
19,200
12.0
15,600
12.0
3,600
12.0
4,800
12.0
24,000
120
12.1 Global and regional co-operation
19,200
12.0
15,600
12.0
3,600
12.0
4,800
12.0
24,000
12.0
TOTALS
160,000
100
130,000
100
30,000
100
40,000
100
200,000
100
E. Implementation of General Assembly resolution 44/172 A
The Governing Council
1. Requests the Executive Director to expedite the comprehensive
implementation of General Assembly resolution 44/172 A of 19 December 1989/ in
which the Assembly requested the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in
cooperation with the Executive Director, to prepare, inter alia, a report
containing financial and technical expert studies on ways and means to combat
desertification effectively, and a general evaluation of the progress achieved
in implementing the Plan of Action to Combat Desertification, together with
contributions from the Consultative Group for Desertification Control, for
presentation to the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development at its fourth session, and giving a progress
report to the Preparatory Committee at its third session, since the Committee
has decided to have a full discussion of the issue of desertification at that
time;
2. Further requests the Executive Director to undertake the appropriate
measures, within available resources, to strengthen the Desertification
Programme Activity Centre to enable it to discharge effectively and
efficiently its responsibilities.
8th meeting
31 May 1991
16/23. Programme budget of the United Nations Environment
Programme for the bienniwm 1992-1993 and
supplementary programme for the biennium 1990-1991
completes
droft
The Governing Council
I. PROGRAMME BUDGET OF THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT
PROGRAMME FOR THE BIENNIUM 1992-1993
1. Commends the organizations of the United Nations system for their
contributions to the preparation of the programme budget for the biennium
1992-1993 39/ and calls upon them to cooperate fully with the Executive
Director in the implementation of this programme;
2. Approves the programme budget for the biennium 1992-1993, as set out
in the report of the Executive Director 39/ with the following amendments, the
final apportionments by subprogramme and programme element being annexed to
the present decision:
(a) Subprogramme 9 (Peace, security and the environment) is deleted and
activities 1 and 4 transferred to subprogramme 2 (Water). Activities 2 and 3
of subprogramme 9 should not be implemented;
39/ UNEP/GC.16/15.
-66-
(b) Under subprogramme 5 (Lithosphere), the allocation for activity 1 is
reduced to 100,000 dollars (C) and 50,000 dollars (S);
(c) Under subprogramme 12 (Environmental awareness) activity 7 of
programme element 12.1 (Environmental education and training) is deleted:
(d) Under subprogramme 3 (Terrestrial ecosystems) the allocation for
programme element 3.2 (Arid lands and desertification) is increased by
600,000 dollars (C) and 230,000 dollars (S);
(e) Under subprogramme 4 (Oceans), the allocation for programme
element 4.1 (Regional marine environments, including combating degradation of
the marine environment from land-based sources) is increased by
350,000 dollars (C) and 130,000 dollars (S);
( E ) Under subprogramme 11 (Environmental management measures), the
allocation for programme element 11.1 (Environmental aspects of development
planning and cooperation) is increased by 510,000 dollars (C) and
190,000 dollars (S);
(g) Subprogrammes 10 (Environmental assessment), 11 (Environmental
management measures), 12 (Environmental awareness) and 13 (Technical and
regional cooperation) become, respectively, subprogrammes 9, 10, 11 and 12;
II. SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAMME FOR THE BIENNIUM 1990-1991
Recalling section VI, paragraph 3, of its decision 15/1 of 25 May 1989,
in which it approved an appropriation of 35 million dollars as a supplementary
appropriation for Fund programme activities as presented in the annex to that
decision,
1.
Takes note of the report of the Executive Director 40/ on the status
of implementation of the supplementary programme approved by the Council in
its decision 15/1;
2.
Approves the adjustments to the supplementary programme proposed by
the Executive Director in his report 41/ with the following amendments:
(a) The title of activity 1 becomes "Studies on the implications of
climate changes and rising sealevel in coastal areas as specified by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental
Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change";
(b) Under activity 1, the phrase "including the special needs of small
island countries" is added after the words "climate change" at the end of the
last subparagraph;
40/ UNEP/GC.16/15/Add.l and Corr. 1.
41/ Ibid., annex II.
-67-
3.
Authorizes the Executive Director to implement the adjusted
programme during the remaining part of 1991 as and when resources become
available, giving priority to:
(a) Preparation of a draft convention on biological diversity;
(b) Studies on the implications of climate changes and sea-level rise in
coastal areas as specified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
and the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on
Climate Change;
(c) Activities in preparation for the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development;
(d) Support to the participation of developing countries in technical
and intergovernmental meetings convened by the United Nations Environment
Programme.
8th meeting
31 May 1991
-68-
ANNEX
Programme budget of the United Nations Environment Programme
for the biennium 1992-1993: apportionments by subprogramme
and programme element
Total amount
Additional
(Thousands of
Subprogramme/programme element
Programme
Percent-
programme
United States
Percent-
amount
age
amount
dollars)
age
1.
ATMOSPHERE
7 000
4.7
2 000
9 000
5.0
2.
WATER
8 840
5.9
2 700
11 540
6.4
3.
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
20 550
13.7
4 180
24 730
13.7
3.1 Soils, agricultural lands and
agrochemicals
2 500
1.7
500
3 000
1.7
3.2
Arid lands and desertification
8 900
5.9
1 930
10 830
6.0
3.3
Forests and other ecosystems
3 150
2.1
850
4 000
2.2
3.4 Biological diversity
5 200
3.5
700
5 900
3.3
3.5 Microbial resources and related
biotechnologies
800
0.5
200
1 000
0.6
4.
OCEANS
11 950
8.0
2 530
14 480
8.0
5.
LITHOSPHERE
500
0.3
150
650
0.4
6.
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
3 350
2.2
650
4 000
2.2
6.1 Environmental aspects of human
settlements planning and management
2 100
1.4
400
2 500
1.4
6.2 Community preparedness for natural
and man-made environmental disasters
1 250
0.8
250
1 500
0.8
7. HUMAN HEALTH AND WELFARE
2 500
1.7
500
3 000
1.7
7.1 Hazards of pollution
1 250
0.8
250
1 500
0.8
7.2 Environmental aspects of human health
1 250
0.8
250
1 500
0.8
8. ENERGY, INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORTATION
10 750
7.2
2 150
12 900
7.2
8.1 Energy and environment
1 700
1.1
300
2 000
1.1
8.2 Industry and environment
6 600
4.4
1 300
7 900
4.4
8.3 Transportation and environment
1 250
0.8
250
1 500
0.8
8.4 Tourism and environment
800
0.5
200
1 000
0.6
8.5 Working environment
400
0.3
100
500
0.3
9. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
28 050
18.7
5 500
33 550
18.6
9.1 Earthwatch coordination
750
0.5
250
1 000
0.6
9.2
INFOTERRA
3 300
2.2
700
4 000
2.2
9.3
International Register of
Potentially Toxic Chemicals
8 300
5.5
1 700
10 000
5.6
9.4 Global Resources Information
Database (GRID)
5 800
3.9
1 150
6 950
3.9
9.5
Global Environmental Monitoring
Systems (GEMS)
7 900
5.3
1 700
9 600
5.3
9.6
State of the environment
2 000
1.3
-
2 000
1.1
10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES
17 460
11.6
2 940
20 400
11.3
10.1 Environmental aspects of development
planning and cooperation
4 660
3.1
1 040
5 700
3.2
10.2 Environmental law and institutions
12 800
8.5
1 900
14 700
8.2
11. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
19 500
13.0
2 900
22 400
12.4
11.1 Environmental education and training
7 800
5.2
1 000
8 800
4.9
11.2 Public information
11 700
7.8
1 900
13 600
7.6
12. TECHNICAL AND REGIONAL COOPERATION
19 550
13.0
3 800
23 350
13.0
TOTAL
150 000
100.0
30 000
180 000
100.0
-69-
Environment 72/ available to the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development at its third session;
4. Calls upon the Executive Director, in furtherance of the objectives
of the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development, to cooperate fully in reviewing the effectiveness of existing
international conventions and protocols in the field of the environment;
5. Urges those States that have not already done so to sign, ratify,
accede to and implement relevant conventions in the field of the environment.
8th meeting
31 May 1991
16/44. The Environment Fund: use of resources in 1990-1991
and proposed use of projected resources in 1992-1993
and 1994-1995
The Governing Council,
Having considered the annual reports of the Executive Director for 1989
and 1990, 73/ as well as his report on the Environment Fund covering the use
of resources in 1990-1991 and the proposed use of projected resources in
1992-1993 and 1994-1995, 74/ together with his comments on the report of the
Board of Auditors on the financial report and audited accounts of the
Environment Fund for the biennium 1988-1989 ended 31 December 1989 and on the
observations of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary
Questions thereon;
1.
Takes note of the comments of the Executive Director on the report
of the Board of Auditors on the financial report and audited accounts of the
Environment Fund for the biennium 1988-1989 ended 31 December 1989;
2. Expresses its appreciation to those Governments that have
contributed or pledged to contribute to the Fund at a higher level in 1990,
1991 and beyond;
3. Reconfirms the target of 100 million dollars for contributions to
the Environment Fund by the year 1992, approved by the Council by section V,
paragraph 1, of its decision 15/1 of 25 May 1989;
4. Notes the Executive Director's view that contributions of
250 million dollars will be required by 1995 to allow the United Nations
Environment Programme to fulfil its tasks;
5.
Affirms, in this regard, the desirability of working towards a level
substantially higher than the present level of contributions to the
72/ UNEP/GC.16/INF.4.
73/ UNEP/GC.16/2 and UNEP/GC.16/3.
74/ UNEP/GC.16/23 and Corr.1 and Add.1.
-102-
Environment Fund by 1995, fully commensurate with the demands placed upon the
Programme as a result ot the urgent and increasing environmental problems that
the Programme must address;
6.
Calls upon all Governments to contribute or to increase their
contributions on a voluntary basis to the Environment Fund accordingly;
7.
Notes with concern that, although the overall level of contributions
to the Environment Fund has increased, the number of countries contributing to
the Fund has decreased, and calls upon all Governments that are not
contributing to make every effort to do so;
8.
Strongly appeals again to all Governments to pay their contributions,
either before the end of the year preceding that to which their contributions
relate, or as near as possible to the beginning of the year to which they
relate;
9.
Approves an appropriation of 150 million dollars for Fund programme
activities for the biennium 1992-1993;
10. Decides to apportion the appropriation for Fund programme activities
in that biennium as follows, the corresponding total apportionments for
1990-1991 being indicated for comparison:
Subprogramme/budget line
1992-1993
Percentage
1990-1991
Percentage
(Thousands
(Thousands
of United
of United
States
States
dollars)
dollars)
1.
Atmosphere
7 000
4.7
2 700
4.0
2.
Water
8 840
5.9
3 400
5.0
3.
Terrestrial ecosystems
20 550
13.7
11 900
17.5
4.
Oceans
11 950
8.0
7 000
10.3
5.
Lithosphere
500
0.3
600
0.9
6.
Human settlements and
environment
3 350
2.2
1 300
1.9
7.
Human health and welfare
2 500
1.7
1 500
2.2
8.
Energy, industry and
transportation
10 750
7.2
4 300
6.3
9.
Environmental assessment
28 050
18.7
14 800
21.8
10.
Environmental
management measures
17 460
11.6
3 900
5.7
11.
Environmental awareness
19 500
13.0
9 000
13.2
12. Technical and regional
cooperation
19 550
13.0
7 200
10.6
Total
150 000
100.0
67 600
99.4 75/
75/
The appropriation for 1990-1991 included an apportionment of
$400,000 (0.6 per cent) for the former subprogramme 9 (Peace, security and the
environment), which was deleted by Council decision 16/23 of 31 May 1991.
-103-
11. Approves an additional appropriation for Fund programme activities
for the biennium 1992-1993 of 30 million dollars, as set out below, on the
understanding that this additional appropriation will be used only as and when
additional resources become available to the Environment Fund once the
programme of 150 million dollars has been initiated and after consultation
with the Committee of Permanent Representatives, taking into consideration the
following apportionment:
Subprogramme/budget line
Amount
Percentage
(Thousands of United
States dollars)
1. Atmosphere
2 000
6.6
2. Water
2 700
9.0
3. Terrestrial ecosystems
4 180
13.9
4. Oceans
2 530
8.4
5. Lithosphere
150
0.5
6. Human settlements and environment
650
2.2
7. Human health and welfare
500
1.7
8. Energy, industry and
transportation
2 150
7.2
9. Environmental assessment
5 500
18.3
10. Environmental management measures
2 940
9.8
11. Environmental awareness
2 900
9.7
12. Technical and regional cooperation
3 800
12.7
Total
30 000
100.0
12. Requests the Executive Director, in the event of a shortfall of the
expected contributions below the level required to finance the agreed
programme for 1992-1993:
(a) To take into account the following alternative courses of action in
formulating his response to the shortfall:
(i) Allocation to the higher priority areas identified in table 2 of the
proposed budget programme for 1992-1993 76/ of all the
appropriations previously approved for them in the programme, with
appropriate new allocations to other priority areas to the full
extent of the remaining funds; or,
(ii) A 15 per cent cut in all programme allocations;
(b) To put his proposed response to the Committee of Permanent
Representatives, so that it can consider it and make recommendations;
(c) To act in accordance with the Committee's recommendations;
76/ UNEP/GC.16/15.
-104-
13. Approves an appropriation of 5 million dollars to the Fund programme
reserve for the biennium 1992-1993;
14. Reconfirms the Executive Director's authority to adjust the
apportionment for each budget line by 20 per cent, within the overall
appropriation for Fund programme activities in 1992-1993;
15. Stresses again the need to maintain the liquidity of the Fund at all
times;
16. Authorizes the Executive Director to enter into forward commitments
not exceeding 20 million dollars for Fund programme activities in 1994-1995;
17. Requests the Executive Director to draw up a programme for Fund
activities in 1994-1995 with a core programme of 160 million dollars and a
supplementary programme of 40 million dollars;
-
18. Requests the Executive Director to continue to keep the status of
the Environment Fund under review and, in the event that he considers it
necessary to adjust the 1994-1995 planning figures, to report thereon to the
Committee of Permanent Representatives and, additionally, in the event that
contributions to the Environment Fund continue to increase at a high rate, to
consult with the Committee of Permanent Representatives with regard to drawing
up an additional programme and, in either event, to act in accordance with the
recommendations put forward by the Committee;
19. Requests the Executive Director to report to the Committee of
Permanent Representatives at its regular meetings on matters relating to
programme implementation and planning, including expenditure and income
profiles and planning assumptions at the programme activity level;
20. Requests the Executive Director to consider ways of ensuring a more
stable and wider basis for voluntary contributions to the Environment Fund,
including the possible use of appropriate indicative comparisons, and to
report thereon to the Governing Council at its seventeenth session.
8th meeting
31 May 1991
16/45. Programme and programme support costs
The Governing Council,
Recalling paragraph 4 of its decision 15/45 of 18 May 1989, in which it
approved an appropriation of 29,087,000 dollars for the programme and
programme support costs budget for the biennium 1990-1991, as well as
section VI, paragraph 6, of its decision 15/1 of 25 May 1989, in which it
approved a further supplementary appropriation of 3.17 million dollars to be
used by the Executive Director during the biennium 1990-1991 only as and when
he was in a position to fill some or all of the posts approved by the Council
within the programme and programme support costs budget,
-105-
Having considered the performance report on the programme and programme
support costs budget for the biennium 1990-1991, 77/ which reviews the
implementation of the budget as at 31 December 1990, as well as the proposed
budget for the biennium 1992-1993, as set out in his report on programme and
programme support costs, 78/ and as revised in his report on relevant recent
developments, 79/ together with the related comments of the Advisory Committee
on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, 80/
1.
Takes note of the performance report on the programme and programme
support costs budget for the biennium 1990-1991 and the related report of the
Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions;
2.
Notes that the Executive Director was able to contain the programme
and programme support costs in 1990 within the yardstick established in
paragraph 2 of Council decision 12/19 of 28 May 1984 of 33 per cent of
estimated contributions and that he will endeavour to do so in 1991 and future
years;
3.
Notes with concern, however, that the programme and programme
support costs in 1990 were contained within the 33 per cent of contributions
yardstick on the basis of a 24 per cent vacancy rate, greatly differing from
the planned estimate of 10 per cent, and requests the Executive Director to
make all possible efforts to reduce the actual vacancy rate with due attention
to the 33 per cent yardstick;
4.
Reconfirms the total appropriation of 32,257,000 dollars, including
the supplementary appropriation, previously authorized for 1990-1991 with the
revised distribution by programme and object of expenditure proposed by the
Executive Director;
5.
Approves an initial appropriation of 37,129,000 dollars for the
programme and programme support costs budget for the biennium 1992-1993 with
the expenditure pattern by programme and object of expenditure proposed in
those estimates, with the understanding that the re-apportionment of any
savings realized in the administration of the appropriation due to a higher
than expected vacancy rate will be subject to the recommendations of the
Committee of Permanent Representatives;
6.
Further approves a supplementary appropriation for programme and
programme support costs for the biennium 1992-1993 of 3,701,600 dollars,
including 1,601,100 dollars on a loan basis towards the construction of new
office accommodation subject to the final approval of the Advisory Committee
on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, and 2,100,500 dollars towards the
creation of new posts, making a total appropriation of 40,830,600 dollars;
77/ UNEP/GC.16/22 and Corr. and 2, part one.
78/ Ibid., part two.
79/ UNEP/GC.16/22/Add.1.
80/ UNEP/GC.16/L.1 and Corr. 1.
-106-
7.
Requests that should there be a shortfall in the expected level of
contributions to the Environment Fund, the Executive Director should continue
to keep programme and programme support costs expenditures within 33 per cent
of contributions and at the same time approve allocations in accordance with
the following order of priority:
Millions of dollars
Programme and programme support costs as
proposed in the Executive Director's
original report on the subject
35.24
Loan to the regular budget for the
construction of new office accommodation
3.49
Supplementary appropriation for programme
and programme support costs other than the
costs of construction of new office
accommodation
2.10
Total
40.83
8. Further requests that the supplementary appropriation of
2.1 million dollars for programme and programme support costs, other than the
costs of construction of new office accommodation, be utilized only after the
following allocations for Fund programme and Fund programme reserve activities
have been made:
Millions of dollars
Programme of Fund activities
150.00
Fund programme reserve
5.00
Additional programme of Fund activities
30.00
Total
185.00
9.
Approves under the initial appropriation of 37,129,000 dollars for
the biennium 1992-1993 the creation - of one D-1, one P-5, two P-3 and four
local-level posts in the Clearing-house Unit of the Office of the Executive
Director;
10. Approves the Executive Director's proposals to transfer from the
programme and programme support costs budget to the Fund programme budget one
P-5, one P-4 and two local-level posts in the Environmental Law and
Institutions Unit of the Office of the Environment Programme in the light of
the Council's decision to reconstitute that Unit as a programme activity
centre;
11. Approves, under the supplementary appropriation for the biennium
1992-1993, the creation of an additional 20 Professional and 29 local-level
-107-
posts, subject to the recommendations of the Committee of Permanent
Representatives, as follows:
(a) Office of the Environment Programme: one D-1 (environmental
economics), five P-5 (atmosphere, soils, human health, energy and
environmental economics), three P-4 (water, biodiversity and environmental
training) and 10 local-level posts;
(b) Conferences and Governing Council Service: transfer of six P-4, one
P-2 and 15 local-level posts from Fund programme activities to the programme
and programme support costs budget;
(c) Administrative Service: one D-1, one P-4, two P-3 and four
local-level posts to strengthen the electronic data-processing and management
information systems units;
12. Requests the Executive Director to administer the appropriation for
the programme and programme support costs budget for the biennium 1992-1993
with the utmost economy and restraint consistent with the effective
implementation of the environment programme, bearing in mind the availability
of resources;
13. Further requests the Executive Director to report to the Governing
Council at its seventeenth regular session on the implementation of the
programme and programme support costs budget during the first year of the
biennium 1992-1993.
8th meeting
31 May 1991
16/46. Trust funds
The Governing Council,
Having considered the report of the Executive Director on additional
sources of funding and management of trust funds, 81/
1.
Takes note of the report on additional sources of funding and
management of trust funds and the developments relating to trust funds
administered by the Executive Director, as described in his annual reports for
1989 and 1990, 82/
2.
Expresses its appreciation to Governments, intergovernmental and
non-governmental institutions and other organizations that have increased
their support to the programme by means of contributions to trust funds,
specific counterpart activities and contributions in kind;
81/ UNEP/GC.16/24.
82/ UNEP/GC.16/2 and UNEP/GC.16/3.
-108-
Calling attention to
shortface in contribution,
requesting more realiste pro-
CNEP/CPR.36/8 jections
Distributed on: for 94-95.
9 December 1992 Also
usue of
Committee of Permanent Representatives to UNEP
Thirty-sixth meeting, 9 December 1992
Item 9 of the Provisional Agenda
format. transparence budget
THIRTY-SIXTH MEETING OF THE COMMITTEE OF
PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES TO UNEP
Wednesday, 1) December 1992 at 3.00 p.m.
in Conference Room 1. Gigiri
Report of the Sub-Committee on Programme and Budgetary
Matters of the Committee of Permanent Representatives
!.
The Sub-Committee has met on 14 October and on 5 November 1992. The meetings
were chaired by His Exceilency High Commissioner Kiran Dosni (India). in addition.
the Sub-Committee met jointly with the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Management and
Organization Study of UNEP on 18 November. The Ad Hoc Working Group was co-
chaired by His Excellency Ambassador Nils G. Revelius (Sweden) and High
Commissioner Kiran Doshi.
2.
As a base for discussion, the Sub-Committee has referred to the following documents:-
(i)
Financial Situation of the Environment Fund in 1992 (UNEP/CPR. 36/3)
and UNEP/CPR.36/3 Add 1-3).
(ii)
Staffing in UNEP (UNEP/CPR.36/4).
(iii)
Programme and Programme Support Costs (UNEP/CPR.36/5).
(iv)
The Budget Presentation at GC.17 (UNEP/CPR.34/4).
(v)
Decisions Adopted by the Governing Council at ITS Sixteenth Session.
Nairobi, 20-31 May, 1991.
3.
The Sub-Committee focussed its discussions on (a) the presentation of the UNEP budget.
and (b) the current status of the 1992-1993 budget. the shortfall in contributions. and the
impact of that shortfall on the Fund Programme.
I
4.
The Sub-Committee meeting on November 5 focussed particular attention on the shortfall
in contributions. Specifically:
(a)
The Deputy Executive Director informed the Sub-Committee that with the piedge
by the United States of $21 million for 1993 (an increase of $3.88 million over
1992). he feit the minimum assumption for contributions in 1993 should be
considered as $70 million. Despite indications from a number of large
contributors that it was unlikely that they would be able to increase their
contributions in 1993 as they had in recent years. it could be assumed that some
Governments other than the United States would make increases. The $70
million would amount to a 10% increase in contributions for 1993 over 1992.
which he felt was a realistic projection.
(b)
The Sub-Committee noted that Annex IV of CPR. 36/3 calculated the flow and use
of resources through 1995 based on a 10% per year increase in contributions.
This annex projected total contributions of $64.47 million in 1992 and $70.92 in
1993. The latter figure thus corresponded closely to the projection for
contributions in 1993 made by the Deputy Executive Director. It was aiso noted
that this annex as weil as ail other annexes presenting scenarios for the flow and
use of resources maintained Fund Programme activities at the level or S50 million
in 1992 and $110 milion in 1993. The only variable appeared to be the year end
balance ot the Fund on December 31. Under the scenario in Annex IV. the result
was a year end balance or the Fund of only $2.70 million. This was sharply
lower than the $36.09 million shown for year end 1992 and $35.41 million for
year end 1991. and appeared to be considerably lower than either management
or the Governing Council would determine to be prudent. Therefore. it appeared
clear that. with $70-71 miilion in contributions for 1993. the level of Fund
Programme activities would clearly have to be adjusted downward from the $110
million figure indicated.
(C)
The Deputy Executive Director agreed that contributions or S70 million in 1993
would mean that the core programme of $150 million couid not be afforded if the
Fund were to have an acceptable minimum cash balance to open the year 1994.
When asked what that minimum opening balance would have to be. he answered
$10 - 15 million as an absolute minimum. aithough this was less than the
Executive Director normally looked for. That figure was based on three months'
cash requirements (which since the meeting has been estimated more precisely as
$20 million). Taking into account the shortfall in projected contributions for
1993 compared with what had been projected. there has to be a cut in the core
programme at least $15 million. There was no question or going ahead with the
supplemental programme of $30 million in these circumstances.
10
(d)
The Sub-Committee felt that in the circumstances described. the Executive
Director would have to implement paragraph 12 of GC 16. 44 and recommend
to the Committee of Permanent Representatives how allocations would be cut III
the 1992-1993 Programme. The Deputy Executive Director stated that the
Executive Director would speak on this issue at the December meeting of the
CPR.
5.
A number of members of the Sub-Committee reiterated their concerns that. whereas a
number of Governments had made efforts to meet the contribution targets set by the
Governing Council, others had made no attempt to do so. and they were particularly
concerned that the total number of contributors to the Fund had been falling. The
Deputy Executive Director explained the actions that had been taken by the Secretariat
to overcome this situation, but admitted that their success in these endeavors had been
and was likely to be limited.
6.
With paragraph 20 of GC 16/44 in mind, some members of the Sub-Committee asked
about the possibilities of obtaining additional funding inputs from other UN agencies.
The Deputy Executive Director stated that UNEP always sought the maximum
contribution from partner agencies in all joint projects. but as was weil known. all UN
agencies were facing severe financial constraints. Other members asked about the
possibility of obtaining funding from the Global Environmental Facility. The Deputy
Executive Director explained that the GEF was limited to four areas: biological
diversity, ozone, climate. and international waters. UNEP had obtained GEF funding
to expand country studies on biodiversity, and was in the process of expanding the
program on costing climate impacts. However, the bulk of GEF funds were intended to
be allocated to individual countries to support their own investments in the four areas.
7.
The Chairman in summing up the discussion stated that it is clear that there will be a
shortfall in contributions for 1992-93. As a result. the programme will be affected. and
measures will have to be taken as called for by paragraph 12 of GC 16/44. Paragraph
12 (a) requests the Executive Director. in the event of a shortfall in contributions. to take
into account two alternative courses of action: (1) allocation to nigher priority areas of
all the appropriations approved for them with allocations to other areas to the extent of
remaining funds; or (ii) a 15 percent cut in all programme allocations. If reductions
in the programme are made on an across-the-board basis as in aiternative (ii) the
substance of all sub-programmes will be weakened. but the problem will be disguised.
On the other hand, if reductions are based on prioritization, with the possible result that
certain sub-programme activities will be completely eliminated. this would more clearly
focus the attention of governments on the real nature of the problem and the need for
additional contributions if the full programme approved by the Governing Council is to
be realized. Therefore, the Sub-Committee requested the Secretariat to prepare a
document giving a specific figure for the projected 1993 shortfall. and setting out specific
priorities for the programme activity reductions. in order :o highlight the need for
additional funding. In this connection. it was also felt by the Sub-Committee that It
3
would be helpful if the UNEP budget could be presented in a more conerent and
transparent manner.
8.
The Deputy Executive Director informed the Sub-Committee that the document requested
would be prepared. and agreement of the Executive Director would be sought in
determining the priority areas.
9.
At the October 14 meeting. a full discussion was held with the Deputy Executive
Director on various aspects of UNEP's budgetary presentation.
(a)
The general senses of the Sub-Committee was that the current budget
presentation. consisting of the Programme and Programme Support Costs (PPSC)
budget and the Fund Programme Activities (FPA) budget. was not easily
understood. involved overlaps and lacked transparency. The trend toward
establishing Programme Activity Centres (PACs). as well as the fact that UNEP
receives funds from the UN Regular Budget. compound the problem. It was
noted that, while the FPA budget would be described as a "project" budget. this
did not automatically mean that the PPSC budget was by definition an
"administrative and overhead costs" budget. As indicated in Annex il of
UNEP/CPR.34/4. both the FPA and the PPSC finance what UNEP cails the
"Programme of Work." There is no clear indicator available to governments as
to what constitutes programme delivery versus administrative overhead.
(b)
The Deputy Executive Director stated that he hoped to receive more feedback
from governments on the Secretariat's paper on "The Budget Presentation at GC
17" (UNEP/CPR.34/4). He recalled that the Executive Director had explained
at the meeting of the Committee of Permanent Representatives on September 2
that the FPA and PPSC budgets could not be merged with the UN Regular Budget
as this would contravene General Assembly resolution 2997. However. he
acknowledged that resolution 2997 did not pose an impediment to merging or
otherwise rationalizing the FPA and PPSC budgets. Nevertheless. it was not
clear to the Secretariat that the FPA and PPSC budgets should be merged. The
Deputy Executive Director agreed that the Secretariat would update
(UNEP/CPR.34/4. taking into account the discussion of rationalizing the FPA and
PPSC budgets. He added that a Glossary of UNEP Planning and Budgeting
Terms prepared by the Secretariat would be issued as a document for GC 17.
10.
The October 14 Sub-Committee meeting also discussed the issue of contributions and
resource projections upon which the FPA and PPSC budgets are based. The Sub-
Committee felt strongly that the Secretariat should present its budget for the 1994-1995
biennium to GC 17 based on more realistic income projections. The Deputy Executive
Director noted that GC decision 16/44 paragraph 17 requested the Executive Director to
draw up a Programme for Fund activities in 1994-95 based on a core programme of $160
million and a supplementary programme of $40 million. The Sub-Committee recognized
4
this, but noted that It would impiy projected contributions of $200 mulion in 1994-95.
compared with indications that total contributions in 1992-93 would not exceed $135
million. The Sub-Committee therefore suggested that the Secretariat. in addition to
preparing a budget based on the figures in decision 16/44 (17), could also prepare
additional budget scenarios based on a zero. 10% and possibly 15% increases in
contributions from the previous biennium. This would considerably facilitate
consideration of the budget by the Governing Council.
11.
The Deputy Executive Director stated that, in response to Agenda 21. UNEP has
submitted a revised chapter on environment in the UN Medium Term Plan (MTP) to the
Committee on Programme Coordination (CPC). Agenda 21 will require a new sub-
programme structure for UNEP. The MTP is approved by the General Assembly, and
will set priorities for allocation of UN Regular Budget resources within the new sub-
programme structure. While the Governing Council has total discretion to decide how
the Environment Fund is to be apportioned between different sub-programmes. It will be
influenced in its decision by the MTP.
!2.
Both resource projections and budget presentation were discussed at the joint meeting of
the Sub-Committee with the Ad Hoc Working Group and the Consultants undertaking the
second phase of the management and organization study or UNEP.
(a)
It was observed that over-optimistic projections of resources from contributions
will inevitably require downward revisions in programme allocations. This has
a negative impact from the point of view of effective management. In looking
at the future impact of Agenda 21 on UNEP's programme and the resources that
might be needed to finance it, it was recommended that the consultants should
take resource constraints into account.
(b)
The consultants were told that UNEP and its Governing Council also need a more
effective management method for determining priorities in order to respond to
resource shortfalls. The table included in the proposed budget for 1992-1993
(GC. 16/15) referred to in decision 16/44 paragraph 12(a) (i) is not an effective
tool for setting priorities. and it would be useful for the consuitants to recommend
improvements.
(c)
It was also suggested that the consultants provide views and recommendations on
what would constitute realistic year end fund balances from the perspective of
effective and efficient management of the organization. taking into account recent
experience with payment of contributions.
(d)
It was suggested that as the consultants examine mandate-driven changes in the
organizational structure of UNEP reflecting Agenda 21 as well as other
considerations. such as whether the system of three coordinators is still valid. and
whether the entire organization should be structured into PACs. their conclusions
5
might automatically point to a new and better budget format.
(e)
It was recommended that the consultants examine the benefits in terms of more
effective management that might be realized by merging the FPA and PPSC
budgets into a new single budget format. A single budget could be considered
by the Governing Council in a single committee rather than the present two.
enhancing the Council's efficiency and ability to set priorities.
(f)
It was noted that the PPSC budget is reviewed by the Advisory Committee on
Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ) based on the fact that the
ACABQ looks at administrative budgets. However. the PPSC was not defined
in resolution 2997 as an administrative budget. If the FPA and PPSC budgets
were to be merged, a new definition of what in fact constitutes the administrative
component of the budget would be needed. It would be helpful if the
management consultants could also shed light on this issue based on other budget
models available to them.
6
KD's response to 36/8
Sub- the report
UNEP/CPR.36/3/Add.4
Distributed on:
9 December 1992
Committee of Permanent Representatives to UNEP
Thirty-Sixth Meeting, 9 December 1992
Item 9 of the provisional agenda
THIRTY-SIXTH MEETING OF THE COMMITTEE OF PERMANENT
REPRESENTATIVES TO UNEP
THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT FUND
Report of the Executive Director
1.
Following consultations with the Programme and Budget Sub-committee of the
Committee of the Permanent Representatives, the Secretariat has prepared the table presented
in Annex 1, based on the following assumptions:
(i)
A very conservative estimate that contributions will grow at an annual rate
of ten percent in 1993.
(ii)
Contributions will grow at an annual rate of fifteen percent over the period
1993 to 1995.
(iii) There should be a sufficient Fund balance at the end of each year to cover
expenditures during the first two months of the following year.
2.
The table shows that, if the assumption for contributions in 1993 proves to be broadly
correct, it still would be possible to implement in full the US dollar 150 million core
programme approved by the Governing Council by decision 16/44 for 1992-1993.
3.
For 1994-1995, the Executive Director is required by Governing Council decision
16/44 to prepare a core programme for presentation to the Council at GC 17 of US dollars
160 million (as well as an additional programme of US dollars 40 million). On the
assumptions for contributions set out above, it would be possible to implement the core
programme in full. Nevertheless, it is the intention of the Executive Director to mark
activities regarded as second priority in the programme budget document for 1994-1995 to
indicate how he intends to cut the programme by about $10 million in the event of a short-
fall of resources (produced by a growth rate of about 10% instead of 15%) preventing the
implementation of the full core programme of US dollars 160 million.
Na. 92-6169
4.
This does not, however, exclude the possibility that the Executive Director may use
his authority, provided by the Governing Council, to move resources between budget lines
by up to 20 percent if he feels that there is a need to press ahead in particular programmes
when insufficient resources are available in the relevant budget line.
d:\wp51\doc\cpr.rev.
FLOWMIN:08-Dec-R2
FLOW AND USE OF RESOURCES OF THE FUND THROUGH 1995
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
Actual
Estimate
Projection
Projection
Projection
RESOURCES
(a) Balance of Fund on 1 January
37.10
35.41
28.09
7.78
4.28
(b) Contributions paid by
58.00
55.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
30 September 1992
(c) Estimated contributions due
1.00
8.48
70.00
80.50
92.58
for years shown
(d) Miscellaneous income
2.56
-2.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
TOTAL RESOURCES
98.66
97.88
99.09
89.28
97.85
CLAIMS ON RESOURCES
(g) Programme and programme support costs'
14.86
16.30
16.91
19.00
21.00
(h) Supplementary PPSC budget
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
(i) - Fund programme activities
32.32
60.00
90.00
80.00
80.00
(j) Fund programme reserve activities
1.92
2.50
3.00
2.50
3.00
(k) -Additional programme
11.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Full programme (i+ii+iii+iv+v+vi)
45.88
62.50
93.00
82.50
83.00
(i) signed commitments Fund
32.32
45.98
8.37
0.00
0.00
programme activities
(ii) rephasing of commitments from
0.00
0.00
12.00
0.00
16.00
previous years
(iii) necessary extensions and new
0.00
14.02
69.63
80.00
64.00
projects
(iv) signed commitments Fund
2.28
1.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
programme reserve activities
(v) Fund programme reserve
-0.36
0.79
3.00
2.50
3.00
required
(vi) signed commitments supplementary
11.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
programme
(I) Project commitments to be cancelled
0.00
-12.50
-18.60
-16.50
-16.00
or rephased to later years
(m) Total project expenditure (i+j+k+1)
45.88
50.00
74.40
66.00
67.00
(n) New premises expenditures
2.51
3.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
(o) TOTAL CLAIMS (g+h+m+n)
63.25
69.79
91.31
85.00
88.00
BALANCE OF FUND ON 31 DECEMBER
35.41
28.09
7.78
4.28
9.85
Excluding cost of new premises
Unit
Navions
Governing Council
Distr.
of the
GENERAL
United Nations
UNEP/GC.17/1
16 November 1992
Environment Programme
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
Seventeenth session
10-21 May 1993
ITEM 2 (b):
PROVISIONAL AGENDA
1.
Opening of the session.
2.
Organization of the session:
(a)
Election of officers;
(b)
Adoption of the agenda and organization of the work of the
session.
3.
Credentials of representatives.
4.
Policy issues:
(a)
General policy issues;
(b)
Issues arising from the resolution of the General Assembly
at its forty-seventh session on the recommendations of the
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.
5.
State of the environment.
6.
Coordination:
(a)
Coordination within the United Nations system;
(b)
Other coordination.
7.
Programme matters, including the implementation of the Plan of
Action to Combat Desertification.
8.
The Environment Fund, other financial matters and administration.
9.
Provisional agenda, date and place of the eighteenth session of
the Council.
10.
Other business.
11.
Adoption of the report.
12.
Closure of the session.
Na.92-0202
021292
041292
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME
PROGRAMME DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
PROGRAMA DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA EL MEDIO AMBIENTE
UNITERRA NAIROBI
P.O. Box 30552
230800 or 520600
Nairobi, Kenya
Fax
254 - 2 226890/215787
Tx
22068 UNEP KE
Our Reference
Nairobi, November 1992
NOTIFICATION BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme,
seventeenth session
(Nairobi 10 to 21 May 1993)
1.
In accordance with rules 4 and 7 of the rules of procedure of the Governing Council of the United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the seventeenth session of the Council will be held in Nairobi,
Kenya from 10 to 21 May 1993. The formal session will open at 10 a.m. on Monday, 10 May 1993, and
will be preceded by informal consultations among heads of delegations in the afternoon of 9 May 1993 at
the United Nations Office at Nairobi (see para. 5 below)
2.
The annotated provisional agenda, which contains the Executive Director's suggestions concerning
the organization of the work of the seventeenth session and a suggested time-table of meetings, will be
circulated eight weeks before the session, together with a report on the state of preparedness of all the
documents for the session at that time, as required by General Assembly resolution 33/56 of 14 December
1978, section II, paragraph 2(c). The provisional agenda (UNEP/GC.17/1) is being circulated with the
present notification.
3.
Governments may wish to take the Executive Director's suggestions concerning the organization
of work and time-table of meetings into account in determining the size and composition of their
delegations. They may also wish to bear in mind that, in accordance with decision 15/1, II, and confirmed
by the Council at its sixteenth session, the first week of the session will be devoted to work in two sessional
committees, namely a committee on Programme and a committee on Fund, finance and administration
questions, while the second week will be devoted to discussion in plenary, at the ministerial or equivalent
level, of major policy issues.
4.
Bearing in mind that the Governing Council is responsible for recommending policies for interna-
tional environmental cooperation and for providing general policy guidance for the direction and
coordination of environmental programmes within the United Nations system, a role which will be
considerably expanded following the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development (UNCED), it is hoped that delegations will be constituted at the Ministerial or highest
2
possible policy-making level, particularly during the second week of the session. At its forthcoming
seventeenth session, the Governing Council will be called upon to consider and approve the programme
budget of UNEP for the biennium 1994 - 1995. This programme budget will take into account and
emphasize the new directions which UNEP should be taking following the recommendations of UNCED.
This will provide the Council with an opportunity to review the way in which UNEP should respond to the
new challenges following UNCED recommendations. Broad issues such as UNEP's role in the implemen-
tation of the Convention on the Conservation of Biological Diversity, the Montreal Protocol on Substances
that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and the Convention on Climate Change Framework will be one of
the major subjects of global concern at the Plenary. In addition, new initiatives which were taken by UNEP
upon recommendation of the sixteenth session of the Governing Council will be reviewed with a view to
determining their future in the overall programme. These include the UNEP Technology Centre in Japan,
the Centre for Urgent Environmental Assistance, The World Environmental Academy. The Council will
also be called upon to give specific directives for the Programme in areas such as the environmental law,
environment and economics, natural resource accounting and environmental impact assessment.
Another major issue for debate concerns the institutional arrangements of the United Nations, including
UNEP in the light of Chapter 38 of Agenda 21, the Second Phase Study of the Management and
Organization of UNEP and the overall restructuring of the United Nations Secretariat. This ties in with the
future prospects for increasing the contributions to the Environment Fund and financial support for the
implementation of conventions which constitute another major topic for discussion at the seventeenth
session. It is therefore, of importance that, especially during the second week of the Council when
decisions will have to be made on these questions of policy and global concern, delegations should be
headed at ministerial or other high ranking level will be dealt with. It is hoped that during the first week when
more technical aspects of the Programme and the Environment Fund, delegations will also comprise
technical advisers with expert knowledge in environmental and financial matters in order to advise the
Plenary as appropriate.
5.
As previously stated, pre-sessional informal consultations will take place on Sunday, 9 May 1993
at 3.00 p.m. Notes regarding possible subjects for consideration are contained in Annex 1. It is hoped that
these consultations among heads of delegations will once again facilitate the task of the Governing Council
in arriving at decisions on the various subjects on its agenda.
6.
A list of States members of the Governing Council in 1993 is given in Annex II. Under rule 16 of the
rules of procedure, each member of the Council shall be represented by an accredited representative, who
may be accompanied by such alternate representative and advisers as the delegations may require.
7.
States members of the Governing Council are accordingly requested to submit to the Executive
Director by 1 April 1993 the credentials of their representatives, alternate representatives and advisers
who will participate in the seventeenth session of the Council. It would also be appreciated if, at the same
time, they could communicate to the Executive Director the names of participants in the informal
consultations among heads of delegations immediately preceding the session.
3
8.
Eligible States not members of the Governing Council wishing to participate in its work under rule
67 of the rules of procedure are requested to communicate the names of their representatives to the
Executive Director, by 1 April 1993.
9.
Following the practice begun at the fifth session, the Governing Council will have before it two types
of documents: documents bearing the symbols UNEP/GC.17/ which will be confined to subjects
requiring substantive review and/or action by the Council; and documents bearing the symbol UNEP/
GC.17/Inf. which will provide background information not requiring substantive review or action by the
Council.
10. The Executive Director wishes to inform Governments that requirements for the preparation of the
following documents for the seventeenth session of the Council do not permit compliance with the six-week
rule:
(a)
UNEP/GC.17/4/Add.1 (Evaluation of activities of the United Nations Centre for Urgent
Environmental Assistance);
(b)
UNEP/GC.17/6/Add.2 (Second phase study of Management and Organization of UNEP);
(c)
UNEP.GC.17/L.1 (Report of ACABQ on Programme and Programme Support Costs Per-
formance Report and Proposed Programme and Programme Support Costs Budget):
(d) UNEP/GC.17/20/Add.1 (Management and proposed utilization of the resources of the
Environment Fund, 1 January - 30 April 1993).
11.
Registration of participants will take place starting at 9.00 a.m. on Thursday, 6 May 1993.
12. Information for participants regarding hotel accommodation, medical requirements, visas, etc. will
be sent in due course.
13. All communication concerning the seventeenth session of the Governing Council and the pre-
sessional informal consultations should be addressed to:
The Chief,
Conferences and Governing Council Service
United Nations Environment
Programme
P.O. Box 30552
Nairobi, Kenya
Cable address: UNITERRA NAIROBI
Telex: 22068 UNITERRA NAIROBI
Telefax: (254 2) 226890/226886
4
Annex /
PRE-SESSIONAL INFORMAL CONSULTATIONS
(Nairobi 9 May 1993)
1.
In pursuance of Governing Council decision 23 (III) of 2 May 1975, and its decision of 31 May 1991
on the provisional agenda, date and place of the seventeenth regular session of the Governing Council
(see document A/46/25, Annex, "other decision"), pre-sessional informal consultations among heads of
delegations will take place on Sunday,9 May 1993, beginning at 3 p.m.
2.
The format of the consultations, as in the past, will not be predetermined, but will be organized
according to the views expressed by delegations. It is suggested, however, that participants use these
consultations to prepare for the seventeenth session of the Governing Council by discussing the manner
in which substantive matters could best be dealt with, identifying the issues which require action by the
Council and considering the form which its decisions on those issues might take. The consultations might
also be used to help delegations to reach agreement on procedural and organizational matters, as well
as to provide them with opportunities to seek factual information and explanations from the secretariat
concerning the documents before the Council.
3.
Representatives may feel free to suggest any other topics for consideration at the meeting.
However, in order to make the best possible use of the limited time available, it is suggested that
consultations be organized around the following subjects:
(a)
Consideration of procedural and organizational matters, including the election of the Bureau;
(b)
Discussion of matters requiring action by the Governing Council and possible format of
decisions.
4.
In keeping with the informal character of the consultations, no record will be kept. The Executive
Director will be at the disposal of members to convey to the President of the Governing Council any
conclusions which may result from the consultations.
5
Annex II
MEMBER STATES OF THE GOVERNING COUNCIL OF THE UNITED
NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME IN 1993
By alphabetical order (indicating terms of office)
Argentina*
Mauritius*
Australia**
Mexico**
Austria*
Netherlands**
Bangladesh**
New Zealand*
Barbados*
Nigeria**
Bhutan**
Norway*
Botswana**
Pakistan**
Brazil*
Peru*
Burundi*
Philippines*
Cameroon**
Poland**
Chile**
Portugal**
China*
Romania**
Colombia**
Russian Federation*
Congo**
Rwanda**
Côte d'Ivoire**
Senegal**
Czech and Slovak Republic**
Spain*
Denmark**
Sri Lanka**
France*
Thailand*
Gabon*
Tunisia*
Gambia*
Ukraine*
Germany*
United Kingdom of
Guyana**
Great Britain and
India**
Northern Ireland**
Indonesia*
United States of America*
Iran (Islamic Republic of)**
Uruguay**
Italy**
Venezuela*
Japan*
Yugoslavia (the Federal
Kenya**
Republic of)*
Kuwait*
Zaire*
Lesotho*
Zimbabwe*
Malaysia**
.
Term expires on 31 December 1993.
.. Term expires on 31 December 1995.
NOTE
by Mostafa K. Tolba
Executive Director of UNEP
on the outcome of his informal consultations
with a group of Ministers of Environment and
high Government Officials at
UNEP Headquarters, Nairobi
10-11 December 1992
1
INTRODUCTION
The Executive Director of UNEP was privileged to benefit
from the views, expressed in their personal capacities, of a
number of Secretaries of State, Ministers and high-level
governmental officials, whom he had invited to Nairobi on 10-
11 December 1992 to discuss UNEP's future programme, policy
issues and direction after the Rio Conference on Environment
and Development and before the 17th Session of UNEP's
Governing Council in May 1993. A list of participants is
attached.
This Note summarizes those discussions as seen by the
Executive Director and will assist, as they did in 1989, 1990,
1991 and in January 1992 in making specific suggestions to the
Governing Council on the future policies and activities of
UNEP. He will give the summary of the discussions to the new
Executive Director for her use in preparing for the Governing
Council 17 and other future work of the organization.
The main points for discussion were; (1) the progress
and future directions of the Biological Diversity, Basel
Convention and Montreal Protocol; (2) major policy issues
emerging from the Rio Conference, including implications of
an expanded role for UNEP and new priorities of UNEP; and (3)
the status and future of UNEP's early warning monitoring
programme, the environmental emergency centre, the global
environmental academy and the technology centre in Japan.
1.
The Current Status of Implementation of Conventions
Montreal Protocol for the Protection of the Ozone Layer:
During the Copenhagen meeting on the Montreal Protocol the
Contracting Parties made substantial progress and set out a
clear signal to industry on the need to phase out the current
substitutes to the ozone depleting substances as they still
have ozone depleting potential. They reached a comprehensive
agreement on a number of issues, including the establishment
of a permanent fund and tightened control measures, including
the listing of a new ozone depleting chemicals. The need to
tighten more controls on depleting substances, the status of
the fund and the transfer of technology issues will remain on
the agenda of the Contracting Parties.
The Basel Convention on Hazardous Wastes: During the
recent Uruguay meeting of the Basel Convention's Contracting
Parties tension between the North and the South was more
evident than for some time, and this clash could become a
concern that the new Executive Director should address fairly
early. Environment has been a unifying factor over the years.
But lately serious differences between developed and
developing countries seem to have emerged. Some participants
thought this situation was worsening; others felt it was
merely the consequence of moving from negotiation to
implementation. But all felt it should be watched closely.
2
Also on substantive matters UNEP and the Basel
secretariat should address the desire of developing countries
for a total ban on export to them of hazardous wastes as well
as the question of liability and compensation for damages
caused by hazardous waste exports. EC countries outlined the
problems and delays they are encountering in ratification,
expressing the expectation they will ratify the Convention
before the 1994 meeting of the Parties.
Bio-Diversity: Signed by a large number of countries in
Rio, and is now being ratified. This Convention is UNEP's
responsibility and we have a number of activities underway to
facilitate implementation. Four panels have been established
to begin discussions on a number of issues and to prepare them
for the Inter-Governmental Committee to consider as soon as
the Governing Council authorizes the Committee.
The
relationship between the Convention and the GEF must be
addressed early. The Bio-diversity Convention could enter
into force by the end of 1993 and the meeting of contracting
parties should then be held in 1994. The Inter-governmental
Committee would need to advise the contracting parties on its
understanding of the financial articles in the Treaty, and
there would be a need to reassure the developing countries
that financing will be available. A decision is expected soon
on the offers by Switzerland and Spain for the location of the
Secretariat and designating the staff should be accomplished
in early 1993. These matters will be important issues for
UNEP's new Executive Director.
Global Environmental Facility: UNEP has an important
role to play in ensuring the GEF financed projects are in line
with the environmental agreements and accords. It established
STAP and is responsible for its work. Participants
acknowledged the GEF still was not satisfying the desires of
developing countries. Consideration of its legal basis and
restructuring are well underway, however, and will be decided
at its May 1993 meeting.
II. Implementation of UNCED Agenda 21
The relationship between UNEP and the new Sustainable
Development Commission was identified as vitally important for
the success of Agenda 21. Clear definition of the roles of
the two secretariats was considered essential. There should
be no overlap or conflict between the two organizations. The
Commission should be seen as a political body having
responsibility for guiding and monitoring Agenda 21's
implementation. UNEP's role, which is defined in Agenda 21,
Chapter 38, paras. 21 and 22, especially, is to play a
fundamental part in the Agenda's implementation. It was felt
there was a need to clarify the nature of reporting on UNCED
by the Governing Council to the UN General Assembly. It was
observed that the Governing Council is a subsidiary body of
the UN General Assembly. Participants supported the idea of
harmonizing the reports of UN organizations rather than
providing many individual reports. In this respect UNEP and
UNDP especially should cooperate. It was observed that the
UN specialized agencies were not bound by decisions of the
3
General Assembly but by those of their own ruling bodies.
Thus close cooperation with the agencies and the regional
development banks would be needed.
Concern was expressed that a genuine strategy for
implementation of Agenda 21 has not been formulated, and that
this was a major need for proceeding on and succeeding in the
initiative. Governments were largely responsible for carrying
out the implementation of Agenda 21. UN organizations work
would be coordinated within the Administrative Committee on
Coordination under the Secretary General. It was observed
that Country plans would be needed, and UNEP must find a way
to participate in their formulation. Secretariats of the
various organizations should work out the modalities, perhaps
through agency focal point collaboration, including
environmental focal points in the DOEM and CIDIE.
III. Priority Issues for UNEP
Environment and Economics: There was a strong sentiment
that environment must be linked and related increasingly with
major political, economic and social issues. One of the most
critical of these issues is environment and economics. It
should have a very high priority in UNEP's future work,
intensifying the programme already approved by the Governing
Council. Environment and trade would loom very significant
in the future and UNEP should be deeply involved with GATT
discussions, with UNCTAD and OECD. Issues that must be
examined are the effect of free trade on the environment, the
impact of the next GATT round of negotiations, potential
trade-environment conflicts, among others.
Other issue areas include the whole field of
environmental costing and accounting, which UNEP is already
pursuing, defining of the prices of environmental goods and
services and the development of economic tools and incentives-
taxes, users fees, subsidies, etc. There is also a need to
help countries in economic transition to facilitate the change
without damaging the environment and perhaps UNEP might assist
the exchange of information on successful efforts by other
countries in this respect. Another issue in this area is the
impact of free trade zones/agreements involving developing and
developed countries on the environment.
UNEP, participants felt, must be involved in catalyzing
work in these fields. It was suggested that UNEP could gather
all valuable information at country level and in regional
bodies, such as the OECD among others, on these issues and
have an expert group, which would include economists and
ecologists, to prepare a report with recommendations to the
Governing Council on steps that might be taken to facilitate
this work. The Council might then make recommendations on the
same to the Commission on Sustainable Development. The major
recommendations on the subject might then be considered by the
General Assembly during the review of Agenda 21 in 1997.
4
Environmental Impact Assessment: EIA promotion is
another priority activity on UNEP's agenda. This is now
mandated in Agenda 21. UNEP's role is to promote the use of
EIA in the UN system and to assist governments to employ the
tool in their environmental management as well. Because it
affects decision making EIA must be approached with
sensitivity. Thus UNEP must cooperate with others in EIA
development. UNEP could help develop model procedures and
lead the way in ensuring their adoption and use; it could,
if necessary, monitor the use and effectiveness of these
procedures. Because of the enormous number of projects to be
reviewed and the need to ensure agencies integrate environment
into their own activities it is not likely UNEP could actively
participate in individual project assessments.
Capacity Building: Capacity building for sustainable
development, and especially in the environmental component of
sustainable development, is seen as a very high UNEP priority.
Although capacity building is not strictly defined, it
includes environmental education, training professionals,
institution building, developing legislation, and assisting
environmental management and promoting the use of the tools
of such management. It is recognized UNEP already has
considerable experience which must be built upon. The new
Agenda 21 mandates make it essential UNEP and UNDP define
clearly their roles and cooperate closely in this field. They
must be mutually supportive.
Governments must define and be helped to define their
human resource needs, possibly within National Sustainable
Development Plans, so that UN organizations may assist them
in a systematic way. Countries could define the critical mass
of their requirements and ascertain anticipated costs.
Regional centres of excellence and regional training centres
must be strengthened as many are underutilized. The private
sector must be incorporated in this effort for it holds much
of the training capacity and offers most of the uses for which
the capacity would be provided. Several participants said
they are actively involved in national "green planning"
programmes which they believed will be useful to other
countries and ways are now being considered to make their
experience available to others; UNEP may wish to assist .in
this.
Financing Sustainable Development: All participants
agreed that new and additional financing is essential to
succeeding in sustainable development and carrying out Agenda
21. The financing mechanisms in the Montreal Protocol and the
Bio-Diversity and Climate Conventions are vital means of
financing. A suggestion that a single financing mechanism for
all conventions, possibly using the re-structured GEF, was
advanced. The proposal for striving toward the target of 0.7
percent of GNP was mentioned and most participants urged that
donor governments should strive to achieve this.
Consideration was given to shifting existing development
assistance to sustainable activities. Further suggestions
5
were; the establishment of national sustainable development
funds linked to international funds; in-kind contributions;
and elaboration of new funding sources.
The Executive Director reiterated his earlier suggestion
that a regionally-balanced group of finance experts be
assembled to examine and recommend new means of raising
additional funds. It would look into the variety of funding
sources, especially the innovative ones, determine how much
might be obtained from them, what effect they would have on
the economies of contributors and recipients and advance ideas
on how such additional funding might be used.
Turning to UNEP's own funding several participants raised
again the question of UNEP seeking to move increasingly to
assessed contributions rather than to rely on voluntary
funding for its own programme. Still others referred to what
they see as a growing problem arising because countries in
economic transition are not contributing adequately to the
Environment Fund while still others who are contributing are
not providing a fair share in respect to others. While no
overall agreement was reached on any single approach or issue,
there was a general sense that UNEP must continue to press
ahead in generating ideas and considering various alternatives
in this critical field.
Transfer of Technology: There was broad agreement that
technology transfer is linked to funding in achieving
sustainable development and that special funding is needed for
it. Participants from industrialized countries re-emphasized
that by and large they did not possess technology and that it
was essential to involve business and industry in technology
transfer. They reiterated that much of the needed technology
was available; the need was either to find a joint venture
or a means to purchase it for transfer. Several suggestions
were made about ways governments might foster bilateral
governmental agreements to facilitate cooperation among
industries in their countries. Several developing countries
participants said it should be cost effective to build on
UNEP'S environmental technology centre, centres of excellence
and the Industry and Environment Programme Activity Centre.
Other regional centres were underutilized they felt, and might
be reinvigorated.
UNEP's Early Warning in Earthwatch: There was general
agreement that this was a very important aspect of UNEP's work
and that there is interest in the Executive Director's report
to the upcoming Governing Council meeting on the next steps
to be taken in this field.
Governing Council Organizational Questions: The question
of the Governing Council's responsibility to provide policy
guidance to other UN system governing bodies was raised, but
the issue of how this could be accomplished was not resolved.
Another matter before the Council would be consideration on
whether Council membership should be expanded. It was agreed
that this matter should be viewed along with a decision to
6
return to annual versus biennial sessions. Linked to this
would be consideration of the need to have an Executive
Committee carry on the work of the Council between sessions.
It was noted that the current management study of UNEP which
will be ready in February may well provide some insights into
these organizational matters. The Executive Director would
be reviewing these issues and informing the Council.
The Global Environmental Academy: This is an issue which
has been before the Governing Council since 1991 and is
expected to be addressed by it at the next session in 1993.
Concluding Observations: At the conclusion of the
session a number of participants expressed satisfaction with
the round of talks and expressed the view that the annual high
level informal ministerial consultations were very valuable
and should be continued. Mention was made of possibly holding
them on a regional basis, but it was thought the multi-
regional approach was essential. They expressed their
gratitude to Dr. Tolba for holding this round of discussions.
They stated their profound gratitude to him for the
outstanding work he has done in the field of the environment
and voiced the wish that he would continue to provide his
wealth of knowledge to UNEP and the international community.
In reply, Dr. Tolba thanked all for their participation and
contribution and his pleasure of working with them over the
years in protecting the world's environment, and he assured
them he would be at their and the new Executive Director's
disposal for advice and assistance in the years ahead.
INFORMAL MINISTERIAL CONSULTATIONS
Nairobi, 10 - 11 December 1992
PARTICIPANTS
1. The Rt. Hon. M. Howard
Secretary of State
United Kingdom
2. H.E. Mr. H.G.M. Alders
Minister for Environment
Netherlands
3. H.E. Ms. S. Pietikainen
Minister of Environment
Finland
4. Ms. M.J. Alsogaray
Secretary of State
Argentina
5. Hon. Dr. H.M. Murerwa
Minister of Natural Resources
Zimbabwe.
6. Mr. Salah M. Hafez
Chairman in Charge of Egyptian
Environmental Affairs Agency
Egypt.
7. Dr. E.O. Aina
Director/Chief Executive
Environmental Protection Agency
Nigeria.
8. Prof. Qu Geping
Administrator, National Environmental
Protection Agency
China
9. H.E. Mr. J.F. Borrell
Minister of Public Works &
Transport
Spain
10. Mr. P. Roch
Director of Environment Protection, Forests
and Landscapes
Switzerland
11. Mr. J. Leutert
Vice Director, Division of Multilateral Affairs (MEA)
Switzerland.
12. H.E. Mr. Luis Alvarado
Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales
Chile
- 2 -
13. Mr. Lee Clark, M.P.
Parliamentary Secretary to the Environment
Canada.
14. Mr. P. Laufs
Parliamentary State Secretary
Germany
15. H.R.H. Prince Fahd Bin Abdullah Al Saud
Minister of Defence & Aviation
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
16. Mr. Ioan Jelev
Assistant Minister & Director General
of the Environment
Romania
415
UNCLASSIFIED
UNEP 01/20/93
UNEP:JKATCHLEY
UNEP:JKATCHLEY
JRT
NONE
UNEP 2 AMB DCM, POL ECON AID, REDSO USIS RA, ADMIN
AMEMBASSY NAIROBI
SECSTATE WASHDC, PRIORITY
INFO IO COLLECTIVE
WHITEHOUSE WASHDC
USDOC WASHDC
USDOE EOC WASHDC
TREASURY DEPT WASHDC
NASA WASHDC
SECDEF WASHDC
DEPARTMENT FOR IO/T/SCT, IO/D/ECH, IO/EA, IO/SB,
OES/ENV(KINNEY), OES/EHC, OES/EGC, OES/OA, E(DAWSON),
L/OES, EB/ERF/OGE, EB/IFD/ODF, AID/POL/SP, AID/R&D/ENR,
AID/R&D/AGR, AID/LAC/DR/ENV, AID/AFR/ARTS/ENV,
AID/ASIA/ENV, AID/NE/ENV, AID/EUR/ENV
ROME FOR FODAG; PARIS FOR UNESCO OBSERVER, SCICOUNS,
USOECD; MONTREAL FOR ICAO
WHITEHOUSE FOR OSTP, CEQ
USDOC FOR NOAA, ITA
DOE FOR IE, PE
DEPARTMENT PASS TO: EPA/OIA AND ORD, DOI, DOI/FWS, USDA,
NSF, USTR
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: SENV, UNEP, AORC, UNCED, ENRG, EAID, ETRD, KSCA
SUBJECT: UNEP GOVERNING COUNCIL, MAY 10-21, 1993: BUDGET
ISSUES
1. AMONG THE KEY ISSUES WHICH WILL CONFRONT THE 1993
GOVERNING COUNCIL IS THE FACT THAT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
ENVIRONMENT FUND FOR BOTH THE 1992-93 AND 1994-95 BIENNIA
WILL FALL FAR SHORT OF THE TARGETS SET BY FORMER
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TOLBA AND APPROVED AT GOVERNING
COUNCIL 16 IN 1991. THIS WILL MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO
FULLY IMPLEMENT THE CORE PROGRAMS APPROVED FOR EACH
PERIOD, LET ALONE EVEN BEGIN THE SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAMS,
AND WILL REQUIRE REWORKING THOSE BUDGET DOCUMENTS ALONG
MORE REALISTIC PARAMETERS.
2
2. STARTING FROM USD 100 MILLION IN 1992, CONTRIBUTIONS
WERE TO RISE TO USD 250 MILLION IN 1995, OR 35 PERCENT
PER YEAR. FOR THE BIENNIUM 1992-93, THIS WOULD HAVE
MEANT TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE ORDER OF USD 235,000.
THIS WAS SUPPOSED TO FINANCE AN ENVIRONMENT FUND PROGRAM
ACTIVITIES (FPA) BUDGET OF USD 180 MILLION. LARGELY
BASED ON USG INSISTENCE THAT THE CONTRIBUTION TARGETS
WERE UNREALISTIC, THE FPA WAS DIVIDED INTO A CORE PROGRAM
OF USD 150 MILLION AND A SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAM OF USD 30
MILLION TO BE IMPLEMENTED SHOULD FUNDS BE AVAILABLE. IN
ADDITION, CONTRIBUTIONS WERE TO FINANCE A FUND PROGRAM
RESERVE OF USD 5 MILLION, AND PROGRAM AND PROGRAM SUPPORT
COSTS (PPSC) BUDGET OF USD 40.8 MILLION. (THE PPSC IS A
FIRST CHARGE ON THE ENVIRONMENT FUND FOR THE BASIC CORE
OF POSTS NEEDED TO OPERATE UNEP AS AN ORGANIZATION.)
-
3. HOWEVER, ACTUAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN 1992 WERE USD 63.66
MILLION, AND ARE ESTIMATED TO REACH NO MORE THAN USD 70
MILLION IN 1993, THANKS PRINCIPALLY TO A 23 PERCENT
INCREASE OF USD 3.88 MILLION IN THE U.S. CONTRIBUTION
(FROM USD 17.124 TO 21.0 MILLION). THIS WILL MAKE IT
IMPOSSIBLE TO COMPLETE THE USD 150 MILLION CORE PROGRAM
FOR THE BIENNIUM APPROVED BY THE 1991 GOVERNING COUNCIL,
LET ALONE THE USD 30 MILLION SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAM.
-
4. DECISION 16/23 OF GOVERNING COUNCIL 16 APPROVED THE
FUND PROGRAM ACTIVITIES BUDGET. DECISION 16/44 APPROVED
THE APPROPRIATION OF ENVIRONMENT FUND RESOURCES FOR THE
CORE AND SUPPLEMENTARY PORTIONS OF THE FPA BUDGET. THE
SAME DECISION ALSO REQUESTED THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TO
DRAW UP A PROGRAM BUDGET FOR 1994-95 WITH A CORE PROGRAM
OF USD 160 MILLION AND A SUPPLEMENTARY PROGRAM OF USD 40
MILLION.
-
5. ANTICIPATING THAT CONTRIBUTIONS WOULD NOT REACH THE
TARGET CALLED FOR, PARAGRAPH 12 OF DECISION 16/44
REQUESTED THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, IN THE EVENT OF A
SHORTFALL, TO EITHER (A) FULLY FUND HIGH PRIORITY AREAS
IDENTIFIED IN THE PROPOSED BUDGET AND FUND LOWER PRIORITY
AREAS TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, OR (B) CUT ALL PROGRAM
ALLOCATIONS 15 PERCENT. THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR WAS
FURTHER REQUESTED TO PUT HIS PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS TO
THE COMMITTEE OF PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES (CPR), AND TO
ACT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COMMITTEE'S RECOMMENDATIONS.
-
(*)
6. PARAGRAPH 18 OF DECISION 16/44 REQUESTED THE EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR TO REPORT TO THE CPR IN THE EVENT HE CONSIDERED
IT NECESSARY TO ADJUST THE 1994-95 PLANNING FIGURES, AND
TO ACT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RECOMMENDATIONS PUT FORWARD
BY THE CPR.
-
7. TO IMPLEMENT DECISION 16/44, THE NAIROBI GENEVA GROUP
(NGG), WORKING THROUGH THE PROGRAMME AND BUDGET
SUBCOMMITTEE (PBSC) OF THE COMMITTEE OF PERMANENT
REPRESENTATIVES (CPR), ATTEMPTED DURING THE LAST SIX
MONTHS OF 1992 TO OBTAIN FROM THE SECRETARIAT AMENDED
PROJECTIONS FOR THE FLOW AND USE OF RESOURCES THAT WOULD
REFLECT THE SHORTFALL IN CONTRIBUTIONS AS WELL AS
SPECIFIC RESPONSES PROPOSED BY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TOLBA.
-
8. IN OCTOBER, BASED ON NGG INPUT, THE PBSC STRONGLY
URGED DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TONY BROUGH TO PRESENT
GOVERNING COUNCIL 17 WITH A FUND PROGRAM ACTIVITIES
BUDGET BASED ON REALISTIC PROJECTIONS OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO
THE ENVIRONMENT FUND. BROUGH NOTED THAT THE GOVERNING
COUNCIL IN 1991 HAD APPROVED AN FPA BUDGET FOR 1994-95
ENTAILING A USD 160 MILLION CORE PROGRAM AND A USD 40
MILLION SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAM. THE SECRETARIAT WOULD
THEREFORE HAVE TO PREPARE AN FPA BUDGET BASED ON SUCH A
PROGRAM. THE PBSC ACCEPTED THIS, BUT NOTED THAT THERE
APPEARED TO BE NO CHANCE THAT CONTRIBUTIONS WOULD RISE
FAST ENOUGHT TO PAY FOR SUCH A PROGRAM, AND REQUESTED THE
SECRETARIAT TO PREPARE SCENARIOS BASED ON ZERO, 5, 10 AND
15 PERCENT INCREASES IN CONTRIBUTIONS OVER THE ESTIMATED
1993 LEVEL OF USD 70 MILLION.
-
9. IN NOVEMBER, THE PBSC, BASED ON PREVIOUS NGG
DISCUSSIONS, FOCUSSED ON THE 1993 SHORTFALL. BROUGH
AGREED THAT CONTRIBUTIONS OF USD 70 MILLION IN 1993 WOULD
DEFINITELY MEAN THAT THE CORE FPA BUDGET OF USD 150
MILLION COULD NOT BE IMPLEMENTED, LET ALONE THE
SUPPLEMENTAL USD 30 MILLION PROGRAM, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
THE NEED FOR AN ACCEPTABLE MINIMUM CASH BALANCE AT THE
END OF THE YEAR, WHICH WOULD AMOUNT TO BETWEEN USD 10 -
15 MILLION. THIS FIGURE WAS SUBSEQUENTLY REVISED UPWARD
TO USD 20 MILLION.
-
10. THE PBSC NOTED THAT ALL SCENARIOS PREPARED SO FAR BY
THE SECRETARIAT WERE UNSATISFACTORY SINCE, REGARDLESS OF
THE LEVEL OF CONTRIBUTIONS, NONE OF THEM INDICATED A
CUTBACK IN PROGRAM ACTIVITIES. INSTEAD, THE ONLY
VARIABLE WAS THE YEAR-END CASH BALANCE, AND THE SCENARIO
BASED ON A 10 PERCENT INCREASE IN CONTRIBUTIONS INDICATED
A BALANCE OF ONLY USD 2.7 MILLION. THE YEAR-END BALANCES
IN THE SAME SCENARIO FOR 1991 AND 1992 WERE RESPECTIVELY
USD 35.4 AND 36.1 MILLION. THIS WAS OBVIOUSLY
UNACCEPTABLE BY BROUGH'S OWN STANDARDS. BROUGH ADMITTED
OFF-THE-RECORD THAT HE HAD SO FAR BEEN UNABLE TO CONVINCE
TOLBA TO AGREE THAT THE USD 150 MILLION CORE PROGRAM
COULD NOT BE FULLY IMPLEMENTED, BUT SAID HE WAS WORKING
ON IT.
-
11. THE PBSC CONCLUDED IT WAS CLEAR THAT THE 1992-93 CORE
PROGRAM WOULD HAVE TO BE CUT BACK BY AT LEAST USD 15
MILLION, AND THEREFORE THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR WOULD HAVE
TO IMPLEMENT PARAGRAPH 12 OF DECISION 16/44. THE PBSC
REQUESTED THAT THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ADDRESS THIS ISSUE
AT THE 36TH MEETING OF THE CPR ON DECEMBER 9.
-
12. U.S. PERMREP, REPRESENTING THE NGG, DRAFTED A REPORT
OF THE PBSC TO THE CPR CONTAINING THE ABOVE POINTS,
SPELLED OUT IN CONSIDERABLY MORE CONCRETE DETAIL THAN IS
USUAL FOR THE SUB-COMMITTEE. THIS REPORT WAS CLEARED
WITH THE NGG, WITH THE CPR CHAIRMAN, SWEDISH AMBASSADOR
NILS REVELIUS, AND WITH THE PBSC CHAIRMAN, INDIAN HIGH
COMMISSIONER KIRAN DOSHI. SIGNIFICANTLY, BOTH REVELIUS
AND DOSHI STRONGLY SUPPORTED EFFORTS TO PUT THE FUND
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES BUDGET ON A SOLID, REALISTIC FOOTING.
THEY STRESSED THAT THEIR INTEREST WAS NOT IN TRIMMING
BACK UNEP PER SE OR REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL EFFORTS, BUT
RATHER IN MAKING SURE THAT GOVERNMENTS WERE AWARE OF THE
SHORTFALL AND ITS IMPACT SO THAT A CLEAR CHOICE WOULD
HAVE TO BE MADE BETWEEN NOT DOING ALL THAT UNEP HAS BEEN
ASKED TO DO AS PART OF AGENDA 21, OR INCREASING
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAY FOR IT.
-
13. AT THE CPR ON DECEMBER 9, TOLBA PRESENTED A REPORT ON
THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT FUND
INCORPORATING A REVISED SCENARIO BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION
THAT CONTRIBUTIONS WOULD INCREASE AT 10 PERCENT IN 1993
COMPARED WITH 1992, THAT CONTRIBUTIONS WOULD GROW AT AN
ANNUAL RATE OF 15 PERCENT FOR THE PERIOD 1993-95, AND
THAT THERE SHOULD BE A YEAR-END BALANCE EQUAL TO TWO
MONTHS EXPENDITURES THE FOLLOWING YEAR. TOLBA'S
CONCLUSION WAS THAT IT WOULD STILL BE POSSIBLE TO
IMPLEMENT THE FULL USD 150 MILLION CORE PROGRAM FOR
1992-93. IN ADDITION, BASED ON THE ASSUMED GROWTH IN
CONTRIBUTIONS, IT WOULD ALSO BE POSSIBLE TO IMPLEMENT IN
FULL THE CORE PROGRAM FOR 1994-95.
14. TOLBA'S NEW SCENARIO INDICATED A YEAR-END CASH
BALANCE OF ONLY USD 7.78 MILLION, FAR BELOW THE FIGURE
BROUGH HAD LITED AS THE MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE. HOWEVER,
TOLBA ADDED IT WAS THE INTENTION OF THE EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR TO MARK ACTIVITIES THAT COULD BE REGARDED AS
SECOND PRIORITY IN THE FPA BUDGET DOCUMENT BEING
DEVELOPED FOR 1994-95 TO INDICATE WHERE THE PROGRAM COULD
BE CUT BACK BY APPROXIMATELY USD 10 MILLION IN THE EVENT
THAT CONTRIBUTIONS GREW BY ONLY 10 PERCENT RATHER THAN 15
PERCENT. TOLBA ADDED THAT THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MAY
ALSO USE THE AUTHORITY PROVIDED BY THE GOVERNING COUNCIL
TO MOVE RESOURCES BETWEEN BUDGET LINES BY UP TO 20
PERCENT IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO MOVE AHEAD ON PARTICULAR
PROGRAMS WHEN INSUFFICIENT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE.
-
15. TOLBA TOLD THE CPR THAT HE HAD READ THE REPORT OF THE
PBSC, AND HAD A LENGTHY DISCUSSION WITH HIS TOP
MANAGEMENT COLLEAGUES. HE HAD NO DIFFICULTY WITH THE
DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S STATEMENT TO THE PBSC THAT A
YEAR-END BALANCE OF USD 10 - 15 WAS NEEDED (COMMENT:
TOLBA IGNORED BROUGH'S LATER UPWARD REVISION OF HIS OWN
FIGURE TO 20 MILLION). UNEP, TOLBA SAID, HAS A FINANCIAL
RESERVE OF USD 6.588 APROVED BY THE GOVERNING COUNCIL
(COMMENT: NOT THE SAME AS THE FUND PROGRAM RESERVE OF USD
5 MILLION). SINCE UNEP SPENDS ON THE ORDER OF USD 6.5 -
7.0 A MONTH, IT THEREFORE NEEDS AN ADDITIONAL YEAR-END
BALANCE OF ONLY ANOTHER USD 5 - 8 MILLION TO BEGIN 1994.
-
16. TOLBA ADDED THAT FOR 1994-95, ONLY THE CORE PROGRAM
COULD BE FUNDED. THERE WAS NO WAY THE SUPPLEMENTAL USD
40 MILLION COULD BE CARRIED OUT.
-
17. DURING DISCUSSION, U.S. PERMREP STATED THAT MANY
PERMREPS STILL FELT CONCERN THAT THE 10 PERCENT GROWTH IN
CONTRIBUTIONS FOR 1993 ASSUMED BY THE ED WAS THE MAXIMUM
POSSIBLE, NOT "VERY CONSERVATIVE" AS STATED, AND WERE
STILL CONVINCED THAT THE USD 150 CORE PROGRAM COULD NOT
BE FULLY IMPLEMENTED. IN ADDITION, THE YEAR-END BALANCE
SHOWN WAS FAR BELOW THE REVISED FIGURE GIVEN BY THE
DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. MOREOVER, THE USE OF THE
ENTIRE FINANCIAL RESERVE HAD NOT BEEN CONTEMPLATED IN ANY
OF THE PREVIOUS SCENARIOS PROVIDED BY THE SECRETARIAT.
THE ED'S SCENARIO ALSO SHOWED THAT USD 18.6 MILLION IN
L
ACTIVITIES WERE SLATED TO BE CANCELLED OR CARRIED OVER TO
LATER YEARS. SINCE IT WAS KNOWN THAT ACTIVITIES ARE NOT
CARRIED OVER FROM ONE BIENNIUM TO THE NEXT, BUT ONLY FROM
THE FIRST YEAR OF A BIENNIUM TO THE SECOND, THIS COULD
ONLY BE INTERPRETED TO MEAN THAT THERE WOULD BE A
SHORTFALL OF USD 18.6 MILLION IN THE 1992-1993 CORE
PROGRAM. WITH RESPECT TO 1994-95, THE ASSUMPTION THAT
OVERALL CONTRIBUTIONS WILL GROW BY 15 PERCENT IS
UNREALISTICALLY HIGH. BASING THE 1994-95 FPA BUDGET ON
THIS ASSUMPTION WOULD CAUSE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS LATER
ON. WE WOULD STILL SUGGEST THAT THE SECRETARIAT PROVIDE
THE GOVERNING COUNCIL WITH 1994-95 FPA ALTERNATIVE BUDGET
SCENARIOS BASED ON ZERO, 5 AND 10 PERCENT GROWTH.
18. PERMREP CONLUDED THAT THE DIALOGUE WITH THE
SECRETARIAT IN THE PBSC HAD BEEN VERY PRODUCTIVE AND
INFORMATIVE, AND SHOULD CONTINUE. SUBSEQUENTLY, WE WOULD
LIKE THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TO FURTHER REVIEW AND EXAMINE
THE ISSUE OF 1993 AND 1994-95 FPA BUDGETS AND
CONTRIBUTION PROJECTIONS IN LIGHT OF DECISION 16/44 AT
THE NEXT MEETING OF THE CPR.
19. TOLBA HEATEDLY ANSWERED THAT HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR
PROVIDING THE FLOW CHART ON HOW UNEP PROPOSES TO
IMPLEMENT THE PROGRAM. "I WANT TO GO ON RECORD," HE
SAID, "THAT I CAN NOT ACCEPT OR UNDERSTAND THAT
GOVERNMENTS SAID WHAT THEY DID AT THE HEAD OF STATE LEVEL
(AT RIO), THEN COME HERE AND REQUEST ZERO GROWTH
PROJECTIONS. MY PROJECTION IS REALISTIC - 10 PERCENT IN
1993, AND 15 PERCENT IN 1994-95, WITH 10 PERCENT
POSSIBLE. BUT TO COME BEFORE THE CPR WHEN I AM LEAVING
THE ORGANIZATION AND ACCEPT THAT GOVERNMENTS ARE NOT
PREPARED TO ABIDE BY WHAT THEY SAID FIVE MONTHS AGO IS
JUST NOT ON."
20. TOLBA HAS NOW LEFT, AND IT IS CLEAR THAT UNDER
BROUGH'S ACTING LEADERSHIP A NOTE OF CONSIDERABLY GREATER
REALISM IS BEING INJECTED INTO THE PROGRAM AND BUDGET
PROJECTIONS. ON JANUARY 17, FUND MANAGEMENT CHIEF LUIS
GUERRERO TOLD PERMREP THAT BROUGH HAS DECIDED TO REVISE
THE FPA BUDGET FOR 1994-95. THE USD 160 CORE BUDGET AND
USD 40 MILLION SUPPLEMENTAL APPROVED BY THE LAST
GOVERNING COUNCIL ARE STILL THERE, BUT THE CORE HAS BEEN
DIVIDED INTO A USD 130 MILLION "HARD" CORE AND A USD 30
MILLION SECOND TIER CORE, WITH THE USD 40 MILLION
SUPPLEMENTARY BUDGET THROWN IN AS A PURE WISH LIST.
7
21. IN ADDITION, GUERRERO SAID, THE 1992-93 SCENARIO
PRESENTED TO THE CPR IN DECEMBER HAS BEEN OBE'D AND IS
BEING REVISED. IT WILL PROBABLY ENVISAGE A MAXIMUM CORE
PROGRAM OF ONLY USD 120 MILLION, COMPARED WITH THE USD
150 MILLION, TOLBA INSISTED ON TILL THE END, WITH A
YEAR-END BALANCE OF USD 17 MILLION. THERE IS STILL SOME
UNCERTAINTY IN THIS, GUERRERO SAID, BECAUSE THE NEW
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MUST DECIDE WHETHER TO APPROVE THIS
YEAR-END BALANCE OR PLAN FOR A LOWER YEAR-END BALANCE IN
ORDER TO ADD POSSIBLY ANOTHER USD 10 MILLION TO THE 1993
PROGRAM.
-
22. GUERRERO SAID THE PPSC BUDGET FOR 1994-95 IS
PROJECTED AT USD 45.8 MILLION, COMPARED TO USD 37.7
MILLION IN 1992-93. THIS REFLECTS AN INCREASE THAT WOULD
RESULT IF ABOUT 20 POSTS, MOSTLY IN CONFERENCE SERVICES,
THAT USED TO BE FUNDED BY THE UN REGULAR BUDGET AND WERE
SUBSEQUENTLY TRANSFERRED TO THE FPA BUDGET ARE NOW
SHIFTED OVER TO THE PPSC WHERE THEY MORE CORRECTLY
BELONG. EITHER WAY, THE ENVIRONMENT FUND PAYS FOR THEM,
BUT THE SHIFT WOULD ENHANCE CLARITY. THE ONLY OBSTACLE
MIGHT BE THE RESTRICTION IMPOSED BY THE GOVERNING COUNCIL
THAT PPSC OUTLAYS CANNOT EXCEED 33 PERCENT OF
CONTRIBUTIONS.
23. GUERRERO NOTED THAT AS OF THE END OF DECEMBER 1992,
UNEP HAD COMMITTED USD 25 MILLION TO THE PROGRAM FOR
1993. THE PPSC BUDGET FOR 1993, WHICH REPRESENTS A FIRST
CALL ON THE ENVIRONMENT FUND, WILL BE ANOTHER USD 17
MILLION. THUS, TOTAL COMMITMENTS FOR 1993 ARE ALREADY
USD 42 MILLION. UNEP HAS CASH IN THE BANK OF USD 44
MILLION. GUERRERO SAID TOLBA'S POLICY WAS NOT TO COMMIT
MORE THAN UNEP HAD IN THE BANK, AND HE ASSUMED THAT THE
NEW ED WOULD ADOPT A SIMILARLY PRUDENT APPROACH. TO SOME
EXTENT, THIS MIGHT DEPEND ON HOW EARLY MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS
PAY THEIR PLEDGES. IF IT BECOMES CLEAR THAT THERE IS A
RELIABLE TREND TOWARD EARLIER PAYMENT, THEN UNEP MAY BE
ABLE TO SAFELY INCREASE ITS ADVANCE COMMITMENTS.
-
24. GUERRERO ALSO GAVE PERMREP A COPY OF THE REVISED
OUTLINE OF THE FPA PROGRAM BUDGET DOCUMENT FOR 1994-95,
LABELLED "DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION, NOT TO BE QUOTED." THIS
SHOWS THE 12 MAJOR SUB-PROGRAMS AND THE PROGRAM ELEMENTS
WITHIN THEM. HOWEVER, IT DOES NOT SHOW INDIVIDUAL
PROGRAM ACTIVITIES WITHIN EACH ELEMENT. GUERRERO NOTED
THAT THE ORIGINAL PROGRAMME BUDGET DOCUMENT DRAFTED IN
NOVEMBER HAD BEEN REVIEWED IN MID-DECEMBER BY OTHER UN
AGENCIES IN GENEVA. THIS REVIEW REQUIRED VARIOUS
AMENDMENTS. IN ADDITION, THE NEW ED WOULD NOW HAVE TO
REVIEW AND APPROVE IT. THUS, IT WOULD STILL BE A LITTLE
WHILE BEFORE THE EXACT STATUS OF THE INDIVIDUAL
ACTIVITIES UNDER THE PROGRAM ELEMENTS COULD BE KNOWN,
EVEN IN DRAFT.
-
25. GUERRERO ALSO NOTED THAT THE 1994-95 PROGRAM BUDGET
DOCUMENTS CONTAINS DIFFERENT SUB-PROGRAMS THAN THE
1992-93 PROGRAM BUDGET DOCUMENT APPROVED BY THE LAST
GOVERNING COUNCIL IN DECISION 16/23. THIS REFLECTS THE
PROGRAM PRIORIES SET FOR UNEP BY AGENDA 21 AND THE
RESULTING REVISION OF THE UN MEDIUM TERM PLAN APPROVED BY
GA 47. THE NEW 1994-95 SUB-PROGRAM HEADINGS ARE AS
FOLLOWS:
-
-
1. PROTECTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
-
-
2. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF FRESHWATER RESOURCES
-
-
3. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
-
I
4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF OCEANS AND COASTAL
-
AREAS
-
-
5. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND
-
WELFARE
-
-
6. ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, NATURAL RESOURCES
-
ACCOUNTING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS
-
-
7. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES
-
-
8. TOXIC CHEMICALS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
-
-
9. INDUSTRY, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
-
-
10 EARTHWATCH, DATA, INFORMATION ASSESSMENT,
-
EARLY WARNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY
-
RESPONSES
-
-
11. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND
-
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
-
-
12. SUPPORT AND COOPERATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
-
ACTION
&
26. REGARDING THE SUBSTANCE OF THE 1994-95 PROGRAM AS FAR
AS IT CAN BE ASCERTAINED AT THIS POINT, WASHINGTON
AGENCIES MAY FIND IT USEFUL TO REVIEW THE DRAFT PROGRAM
BUDGET DOCUMENT PROVIDED BY GUERRERO WITH TWO OTHER
REPORTS.
-
A) NOTE BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ON THE OUTCOME OF HIS
INFORMAL CONSULTATIONS WITH MINISTERS OF ENVIRONMENT AND
HIGH GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AT UNEP, DECEMBER 10-11, 1992.
THE U.S. DID NOT ATTEND. A COPY WAS GIVEN TO PERMREP ON
JANUARY 13 BY TOLBA'S CHIEF OF STAFF. UNDER PRIORITY
ISSUES FOR UNEP, THE NOTE LISTS:
-
-
- ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMICS, INCLUDING TRADE AND
-
ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING;
-
-
- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, USE OF IN THE UN
-
SYSTEM AND BY GOVERNMENTS;
-
-
- CAPACITY BUILDING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;
-
-
- FINANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;
-
-
- TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY;
-
-
- EARLY WARNING IN EARTHWATCH;
-
-
- EXPANSION OF GOVERNING COUNCIL;
-
-
- GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACADEMY;
-
B) "ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME DRAFT POLICY PAPER" DATED
OCTOBER 30, 1992. THIS WAS PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH A
SENIOR STAFF REVIEW CONDUCTED BY THE ED FROM AUGUST 21. -
SEPTEMBER 4, 1992 TO CLARIFY UNEP'S PROGRAM
RESPONSIBILITIES FOLLOWING UNCED IN LIGHT OF AGENDA 21.
ONE-PAGE BRIEFS ARE PROVIDED ON EACH OF THE 12
SUB-PROGRAMS, DESCRIBING THE PURPOSE OF THE SUB-PROGRAM,
CURRENT POLICY, AND THE IMPACT OF AGENDA 21
(SPECIFICALLY, WHAT MORE UNEP NEEDS TO DO IN THAT AREA TO
RESPOND TO AGENDA 21).
-
27. FINALLY, GUERRERO ALSO GAVE PERMREP A LIST OF MAJOR
CONTRIBUTORS TO THE ENVIRONMENT FUND. THIS UNDERSCORES
THE FACT THAT THE FUNDING BASE FOR UNEP IS EXTREMELY
THIN. TOTAL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR 1992 AMOUNTED TO USD 63.66
10
MILLION. OF THIS, FULLY 96.3 PERCENT WAS CONTRIBUTED BY
JUST 15 DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, AS SHOWN BELOW. THE
REMAINING USD 2.35 MILLION, OR 3.7 PERCENT, WAS
CONTRIBUTED BY 61 OTHER COUNTRIES, MOST OF WHICH ARE ALSO
DEVELOPED. THIS SITUATION HAS FUELED DISCUSSION, BOTH IN
THE CPR, AT THE INFORMAL MINISTERIAL, AND BY THE
CONSULTANTS FOR PHASE II OF THE MANAGEMENT STUDY OF UNEP
OF POSSIBILITIES FOR SHIFTING A LARGER PART OF UNEP'S
FINANCING TO A SYSTEM OF ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS.
-
COUNTRY
AMOUNT IN USD
PERCENT
-
- U.S.
17,124,000
26.9
-
UK
8,253,000
13.0
-
JAPAN
8,000.000
12.6
-
GERMANY
5,774,436
9.1
-
FINLAND
3,938,648
6.2
I
SWEDEN
3,613,963
5.7
-
NORWAY
2,803,813
4.4
-
SWITZERLAND
2,181,818
3.4
-
ITALY
2,144,389
3.4
-
FRANCE
2,004,008
3.1
-
NETHERLANDS
1,879,695
3.0
-
DENMARK
976,309
1.5
-
CANADA
862,995
1.5
-
SPAIN
829,464
1.4
-
AUSTRALIA
829,464
1.3
-
-
SUB-TOTAL
61,311,685
96.3
-
-
OTHERS (61)
2,349,238
3.7
-
- TOTAL
63,660,923
100.0
-
28. IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
ENVIRONMENT FUND ARE NOT THE ONLY CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNEP
ACTIVITIES, AND MANY OF THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES,
INCLUDING SOME NOT LISTED IN THE TOP 15, ALSO MAKE
SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SEPARATE TRUST FUNDS FOR
SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES, OR HAVE FUNDED MAJOR MEETINGS. IN
ADDITION TO ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENT FUND, THE
U.S. ALSO CONTRIBUTED USD 800,000 TO UNEP-RELATED
MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES SUCH AS THE
MONTREAL PROTOCOL, BIODIVERSITY CONVENTION NEGOTIATIONS,
BASEL CONVENTION SECRETARIAT, AND CARIBBEAN ENVIRONMENT
PROGRAM.
11
29. COPIES OF FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS ARE BEING SENT VIA DHL
TO IO/T/SCT (MCGUINNNESS) AND OES/ENV (KINNEY):
-
A) SET OF DOCUMENTS FROM CPR 36TH MEETING 12/9/92,
INCLUDING:
-
-
- REPORT OF THE ED ON THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF THE
I
ENVIRONMENT FUND IN 1992 (CPR.36/3)
-
-
- CPR.36/3 ADD 1 - ZERO INCREASE SCENARIO
-
-
- CPR.36/3 ADD 4 - ED'S RESPONSE TO PBSC
-
-
- REPORT OF THE ED ON STAFFING IN UNEP (CPR.36/4)
-
-
- REPORT OF THE ED ON PROGRAMME AND PROGRAMME
-
SUPPORT COSTS (CPR.36/5)
-
-
- GEOGRAPHIC ROTATION OF GC BUREAU FOR 1993
-
(CPR.36/6)
-
-
- REPORT OF THE AD HOC WORKING GROUP ON THE MANAGEMENT
-
STUDY OF UNEP (CPR.36/7)
-
-
- REPORT OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM AND BUDGETARY
-
MATTERS OF THE CPR (CPR.36/8)
-
B) DOCUMENT FROM 34TH CPR MEETING, 7/22/92:
-
-
- THE BUDGET PRESENTATION AT GC 17 (CPR.34/4)
-
C) DRAFT PROGRAM BUDGET DOCUMENT FOR 1994-95 - PROPOSED
APPORTIONMENTS.
-
D) UNEP: REPORT OF THE GOVERNING COUNCIL 16TH SESSION:-
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS SUPPLEMENT NO. 25
(PROGRAM BUDGET DOCUMENT FOR 1992-93 ON PAGE 69).
-
E) CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ENVIRONMENT FUND, .1992
-
F) GLOSSARY OF UNEP PLANNING AND BUDGETING TERMS (THIS
WILL BE A DOCUMENT FOR GC 17)
-
G) NOTE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ON THE INFORMAL
MINISTERIAL CONSULTATIONS DECEMBER 10-11, 1992
-
H) ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME DRAFT POLICY PAPER, 10/30/92.
HEMPSTONE##