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MAY 04'98 11:25 FR CDC/OSH-OD
97704885767 TO 912022058313
P.05/08
MAY-04-98 10:11 From:CHAMBLEE IC
7704887422
T-704 P 05/08 Job-200
JOEM Volume 40, Number 3, March 1998
273
TABLE 1
game. TWA area air concentrations
Serum and Urine Cotinine and Nicotine Air Sampling Results Among Casino
on Friday ranged from 8-16 µg/m³
Employees Reporting Exposure to Tobacco Smoke at Work Only
(geometric mean, 11 µg/m³). The
PBZ'
Serum (ng/mL)
Urine (ng/mL)
two highest area air concentrations
Participant
Nicotine
Pre-Shift
Post-Shift
on each night were at poker registra-
Pre-Shift
Post-Shift
No.
Job'
(µg/m³
Catinine
Cotinine
Cotinine
tion and the poker tables. On both
Cotinine
1=
D
7
evenings, area air concentrations of
2.74
2.62
159
197
2
D
NA
1.19
1.45
37.7
S4.4
respirable dust ranged from non-
3
D
10
1.58
2.22
18.7
38.1
detecred (detection limit. 20-30 Hg/
4
S
6
0.885
1.36
21
28.4
m³) to 90 µg/m³. CO₂ concentrations
5
S
NA
1.07
1,21
6.76
20.7
8
D
ranged from 425-650 ppm (geomer-
NA
0.967
1.32
23.7
26.7
7
S
NA
2.81
2.61
ric mean. 527 Ppm) on Thursday and
51.4
50.5
8
S
10
1.14
1.95
27.3
35.9
from 475-850 ppm (geometric
9
D
15
0.23
2.70
7.83
58.0
mean, 597 ppm) on Friday. Outdoor
10
D
12
0.768
1.54
16.4
22.6
CO₂ measurements ranged from
11
S
4
1.15
1.41
37.0
43.2
12
275-300 ppm.
D
9
2.19
2.57
11.9
52.6
13
D
14
1.35
1.96
35.8
51.2
Medical
14
6
NA
2.38
2.58
26,8
31.2
152
D
NA
2.89
3.19
19.5
21.7
Twenty-nine persons (10% of the
16
S
NA
0.659
0.917
23.0
24.1
total number of dealers and supervi-
17
D
NA
1.16
1.42
27.2
33.3
sors [279] at work during the evalu-
. Job titles: D, dealer; S. supervisor.
ation) participated in the evaluation.
+ Personal breathing zone sampling for nicotine vapor (time-weighted average).
including 18 dealers and 11 supervi-
I Some or all of workshift on day of sampling was spent at non-smoking table.
$ NA. test not performed.
sors. Of the 29 participants, 11
(38%) were supervisors; among the
total number of full-time dealers and
supervisors employed for all shifts at
TABLE 2
the casino, 180 (35%) were supervi-
Serum and Urine Cotinine and Nicotine Air Sampling Results Among Casino
sors. Twenty of the 29 were men: the
Employees Reporting Exposure to Tobacco Smoke at Work and Outside of
Work
average age of all participants was
37 years (range, 21-53). No partici-
PB2
Serum (ng/mL)
Urine (ng/mL)
pants reported current tobacco use;
Participant
Nicotine'
Pre-Shitt
Post-Shift
Pre-Shift
Post-Shift
15 reported having never smoked
No.
Job
(Hg/m)
Cotinine
Cotinine
Octinine
Cotinine
cigarettes. 13 reported having their
1
D
9
NA
NA
47.6
54.0
last cigarette more than 1 year prior
2
S
0
0.926
1.47
16.2
23.6
3⁵
D
to the evaluation. and one reported
9
2.72
2.56
21.2
45.3
4
D
12
smoking a last cigarette two weeks
2.78
2.91
42.4
58.6
5"
D
6
113
73
4684
prior to the evaluation. Seventeen
4137
8"
D
8
1.30
1.57
14
7.21
(59%) of the participants reported no
7
S
NA
4.24
3.52
61.1
59.3
exposure to ETS outside the work-
8
D
10
1.37
1.77
28.4
33.9
9
D
place over the four days prior to the
"
1.38
1.16
25.4
25.3
10
S
NA
1.49
2.03
evaluation. All participants provided
7.98
28.1
11
0
12
1.06
2.33
17.4
32.5
pre- and post-shift urine samples: 28
12
S
NA
0.516
0.959
2.54
3.87
provided pre- and post-shift blood
. Job titles: D. dealer; S, supervisor.
samples. All participants were ob-
r Personal breathing zone sampling for nicotina vaper (time-weighted average).
served to perform their usual work
% NA, toot not performed.
duties during the course of the study.
, Some or all of workshift on day of sampling was spent at non-smoking table.
Individual serum and urine coun-
11 Based on high cotinine levels, this participant was determined to be an active smoker.
results are excluded from all analyses.
inc levels, with the corresponding
PBZ nicotine concentrations (when
available). are presented in Tables 1
tions. For the Friday evening moni-
(for employees reporting exposure to
µg/m³ as TWAs (geometric mean,
ETS at work only) and 2 (for em-
toring, the PBZ concentrations were
10 µg/m;³ P - 0.11). The highest
slightly higher than those of Thurs-
ployees reporting exposure to ETS at
PBZ exposure (15 µg/m³) was again
day evening. ranging from 4-15
work and outside of work). One par-
found on a dealer working a poker
ticipant (No. 8) was found 10 have
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"ocrText": "MAY 04'98 11:25 FR CDC/OSH-OD\n97704885767 TO 912022058313\nP.05/08\nMAY-04-98 10:11 From:CHAMBLEE IC\n7704887422\nT-704 P 05/08 Job-200\nJOEM Volume 40, Number 3, March 1998\n273\nTABLE 1\ngame. TWA area air concentrations\nSerum and Urine Cotinine and Nicotine Air Sampling Results Among Casino\non Friday ranged from 8-16 µg/m³\nEmployees Reporting Exposure to Tobacco Smoke at Work Only\n(geometric mean, 11 µg/m³). The\nPBZ'\nSerum (ng/mL)\nUrine (ng/mL)\ntwo highest area air concentrations\nParticipant\nNicotine\nPre-Shift\nPost-Shift\non each night were at poker registra-\nPre-Shift\nPost-Shift\nNo.\nJob'\n(µg/m³\nCatinine\nCotinine\nCotinine\ntion and the poker tables. On both\nCotinine\n1=\nD\n7\nevenings, area air concentrations of\n2.74\n2.62\n159\n197\n2\nD\nNA\n1.19\n1.45\n37.7\nS4.4\nrespirable dust ranged from non-\n3\nD\n10\n1.58\n2.22\n18.7\n38.1\ndetecred (detection limit. 20-30 Hg/\n4\nS\n6\n0.885\n1.36\n21\n28.4\nm³) to 90 µg/m³. CO₂ concentrations\n5\nS\nNA\n1.07\n1,21\n6.76\n20.7\n8\nD\nranged from 425-650 ppm (geomer-\nNA\n0.967\n1.32\n23.7\n26.7\n7\nS\nNA\n2.81\n2.61\nric mean. 527 Ppm) on Thursday and\n51.4\n50.5\n8\nS\n10\n1.14\n1.95\n27.3\n35.9\nfrom 475-850 ppm (geometric\n9\nD\n15\n0.23\n2.70\n7.83\n58.0\nmean, 597 ppm) on Friday. Outdoor\n10\nD\n12\n0.768\n1.54\n16.4\n22.6\nCO₂ measurements ranged from\n11\nS\n4\n1.15\n1.41\n37.0\n43.2\n12\n275-300 ppm.\nD\n9\n2.19\n2.57\n11.9\n52.6\n13\nD\n14\n1.35\n1.96\n35.8\n51.2\nMedical\n14\n6\nNA\n2.38\n2.58\n26,8\n31.2\n152\nD\nNA\n2.89\n3.19\n19.5\n21.7\nTwenty-nine persons (10% of the\n16\nS\nNA\n0.659\n0.917\n23.0\n24.1\ntotal number of dealers and supervi-\n17\nD\nNA\n1.16\n1.42\n27.2\n33.3\nsors [279] at work during the evalu-\n. Job titles: D, dealer; S. supervisor.\nation) participated in the evaluation.\n+ Personal breathing zone sampling for nicotine vapor (time-weighted average).\nincluding 18 dealers and 11 supervi-\nI Some or all of workshift on day of sampling was spent at non-smoking table.\n$ NA. test not performed.\nsors. Of the 29 participants, 11\n(38%) were supervisors; among the\ntotal number of full-time dealers and\nsupervisors employed for all shifts at\nTABLE 2\nthe casino, 180 (35%) were supervi-\nSerum and Urine Cotinine and Nicotine Air Sampling Results Among Casino\nsors. Twenty of the 29 were men: the\nEmployees Reporting Exposure to Tobacco Smoke at Work and Outside of\nWork\naverage age of all participants was\n37 years (range, 21-53). No partici-\nPB2\nSerum (ng/mL)\nUrine (ng/mL)\npants reported current tobacco use;\nParticipant\nNicotine'\nPre-Shitt\nPost-Shift\nPre-Shift\nPost-Shift\n15 reported having never smoked\nNo.\nJob\n(Hg/m)\nCotinine\nCotinine\nOctinine\nCotinine\ncigarettes. 13 reported having their\n1\nD\n9\nNA\nNA\n47.6\n54.0\nlast cigarette more than 1 year prior\n2\nS\n0\n0.926\n1.47\n16.2\n23.6\n3⁵\nD\nto the evaluation. and one reported\n9\n2.72\n2.56\n21.2\n45.3\n4\nD\n12\nsmoking a last cigarette two weeks\n2.78\n2.91\n42.4\n58.6\n5\"\nD\n6\n113\n73\n4684\nprior to the evaluation. Seventeen\n4137\n8\"\nD\n8\n1.30\n1.57\n14\n7.21\n(59%) of the participants reported no\n7\nS\nNA\n4.24\n3.52\n61.1\n59.3\nexposure to ETS outside the work-\n8\nD\n10\n1.37\n1.77\n28.4\n33.9\n9\nD\nplace over the four days prior to the\n\"\n1.38\n1.16\n25.4\n25.3\n10\nS\nNA\n1.49\n2.03\nevaluation. All participants provided\n7.98\n28.1\n11\n0\n12\n1.06\n2.33\n17.4\n32.5\npre- and post-shift urine samples: 28\n12\nS\nNA\n0.516\n0.959\n2.54\n3.87\nprovided pre- and post-shift blood\n. Job titles: D. dealer; S, supervisor.\nsamples. All participants were ob-\nr Personal breathing zone sampling for nicotina vaper (time-weighted average).\nserved to perform their usual work\n% NA, toot not performed.\nduties during the course of the study.\n, Some or all of workshift on day of sampling was spent at non-smoking table.\nIndividual serum and urine coun-\n11 Based on high cotinine levels, this participant was determined to be an active smoker.\nresults are excluded from all analyses.\ninc levels, with the corresponding\nPBZ nicotine concentrations (when\navailable). are presented in Tables 1\ntions. For the Friday evening moni-\n(for employees reporting exposure to\nµg/m³ as TWAs (geometric mean,\nETS at work only) and 2 (for em-\ntoring, the PBZ concentrations were\n10 µg/m;³ P - 0.11). The highest\nslightly higher than those of Thurs-\nployees reporting exposure to ETS at\nPBZ exposure (15 µg/m³) was again\nday evening. ranging from 4-15\nwork and outside of work). One par-\nfound on a dealer working a poker\nticipant (No. 8) was found 10 have"
}