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    "title": "[Tobacco] [S. 1415 Amendments] [1]",
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        "Records of the Domestic Policy Council (Clinton Administration)",
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    "ocrText": "I26 (ii) the citizens of the United States depend on, and the Federal Government\nexpends funds on, numerous social programs that depend on the services of volunteers\nservice organizations; and\nI26 (iii) it is in the interest of the Federal Government to encourage the continued\noperation of volunteer service organizations and contributions of volunteers because\nthe Federal Government lacks the capacity to carry out all of the services provided by\nsuch organizations; and\nS6201 I24 (G) liability reform for volunteer service organizations will promote the free\nflow of goods and services, lessen burdens on interstate commerce and uphold\nconstitutionally protected due process rights and that liability reform is thus an\nappropriate use of the powers contained in article I, section 8, clause 3 of the United\nStates Constitution, and the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution.\nI22 (2) 4Purposes K. The purposes of this section are to provide protection from\npersonal financial liability for volunteer service organizations that provide volunteer\nservices that are conducted in good faith\nI24 (A) to promote the interests of social service program beneficiaries and taxpayers;\nI24 (B) to sustain the availability of programs, volunteer service organizations, and\ngovernmental entities that depend on volunteer contributions and services; and\nI24 (C) to provide the protection by\n126 (i) placing reasonable limits on punitive damages;\n126 (ii) ensuring the fair allocation of liability in certain civil actions; and\n126 (iii) establishing greater fairness, rationality, and predictability in the civil justice\nsystem of the United States.\n120 (b) T4Definitions K. In this section:\nI22 (1) T4Claimant K.\nI24 (A) T4ln general K. The term ``claimant\" means any person who asserts a claim\nfor damages in an action covered by this section and any person on whose behalf such\na claim is asserted.\nI24 (B) T4Claimants for certain claims K. If a claim described in subparagraph (A)\nis asserted through or on behalf of\nI26 (i) an estate, the term includes the claimant's decedent; or\n126 (ii) a minor or incompetent, the term includes the claimant's legal guardian.\n122 (2) T4Clear and convincing evidence K.\nI24 (A) T4ln general K. The term ``clear and convincing evidence\" is that measure or\ndegree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction\nas to the truth of the allegations sought to be established.\nI24 (B) Degree of proof K. The degree of proof required to satisfy the standard of\nclear and convincing evidence shall be\nI26 (i) greater than the degree of proof required to meet the standard of\npreponderance of the evidence; and\n126 (ii) less than the degree of proof required to meet the standard of proof beyond a\nreasonable doubt.\n122 (3) 4Compensatory damages K. The term ``compensatory damages\" means\ndamages awarded for economic and noneconomic loss.\n122 (4) 4Economic loss K. The term ``economic loss\" means any pecuniary loss\nresulting from harm (including the loss of earnings or other benefits related to\nemployment, medical expense loss, replacement services loss, loss due to death, burial\ncosts, and loss of business or employment opportunities) to the extent recovery for\nsuch loss is allowed under applicable State law.\n122 (5) T4Harm K. The term \"harm\" means\nI24 (A) any physical injury, illness, disease, or death;\nI24 (B) damage to property; or\nI24 (C) economic loss, including any direct or consequential economic loss.\n122 (6) T4Health care provider The term ``health care provider\" means any"
}