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(b) AMOUNT OF TUITION PAYMENTS. (1) IN GENERAL. From funds made available under this Act for any academic year, the Secretary shall provide a tuition payment to an eligible institution on behalf of each eligible student submitting an application that meets the requirements of subsection (a). Subject to paragraph (2), the tuition payment shall provide an amount equal to the difference between-- (A) the amount of tuition and fees normally charged by the eligible institution, to a student who is not a resident of the State in which the institution is located, for the program of instruction in which the eligible student is enrolled or accepted for enrollment on at least a half-time basis; and (B) the amount of tuition and fees normally charged by that institution to a student who is a resident of that State for that program of instruction. (2) RATABLE REDUCTION FOR INSUFFICIENT FUNDS.- If the funds made available under this Act for any academic year are not sufficent to make a tuition payment in the amount determined under paragraph (1) for each eligible student submitting an application that meets the requirements of subsection (a), the amount of the tuition payments shall be ratably reduced. If additional sums become available for that academic year, the reduced tuition payments shall be increased on the same basis as they were reduced (until the amount allotted equals the amount determined under paragraph (1)). (c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to require an institution of higher education to alter its admission policies or standards in any manner to enable an eligible student to attend that institution. (e) DEFINITIONS.-- (1) ELIGIBLE STUDENT. The term "eligible student" means an individual who-- (A) has resided in the District of Columbia for not less than the 12 4