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IEL: ridy 10 yo 1.21 NU UUZ HA Spring 1995 SLUG: Reinhardt Perspective Author Galleys - 27 February 1995 Page 1 1 HEALTH AFFAIRS Spring 1995 Turning Our Gaze From Bread And Circus Games by Uwe E. Reinhardt Daniel Yankelovich argues that this na- 1993-1994 was not just a technical dispute tion's recent attempt at health care reform over alternative means of reaching a widely failed largely because the American public shared goal. It was a fiercely fought ideologi- failed to "deliberate" properly on the issue. cal battle over the goal itself. The nation's By "deliberation" Yankelovich mcans"mull- leadership class was and remains deeply dì- ing over" the costs and benefits of alterna- vided over the ethical precepts that should tive choices and making tough choices, all govern the distribution of health care. in a serious "give-and-take" with the na- At one end of the ideological spectrum tion's "leadership class." Yankelovich places are the pure egalitarians who would like to blame for the public's failure to deliberate see health care treated as a social good to be. squarely on the shoulders of the leadership made available to all members of society, on class, which, according to him, deliberated equal terms, regardless of a person's ability to only within its own ranks. pay for it. This school of thought would like Embedded in Yankelovich's grand thesis to see health care financed collectively, are three hypotheses that warrant closer through mandatory contributions that vary scrutiny: (1) The leadership class itself prop- strictly by households' ability to pay and erly "deliberated" on health care reform but certainly not by the health status of a house- failed to communicate the product of that hold's members. "deliberation" to the public; (2) there exist At the other end of the ideological spec- channels of communication through which trum is what one may dub the "food people." the leadership class could, if it wished, en- They are puzzled why anyone would make a gage in a "give-and-take" with the public; distinction between health care and other and(3) the public is intellectually and tem- basic, private consumption goods, such as peramentally predisposed to "deliberate" food and housing. As Rep. Richard K. sincerely on complex issues of public policy Armey (R-TX), a newly elected leader in the and to make the tough choices in a lengthy House of Representatives, put it to The Wall conversation with leaders. Street Journal in his inimitably blunt style: The validity of these hypotheses can be "Health care is just a commodity, just like questioned. Indeed, they strike me as uto- bread, and just like housing and everything pian, as does Yankelovich's strategy for fix- else." The "food people" regard the procure- ing the "disconnect" between leaders and ment and financing of health care as chiefly the public. the responsibility of the individual, whose own behavior is thought to be a major deter- minant of his or her health status. To be sure, Deliberation In The Leadership Class the members of this school of thought do admit that the etiology of illness can be When America's leadership class sets out external, and they are prepared to guarantee to debate health policy, its members invari- the poor and near-poor at least a basic ration ably preface their deliberations with the of critically needed health care. At the same mantra: "We all want the same things in time, however, they see nothing wrong with health care. We are merely arguing over the a health system in which the quantity, time- means to that end." This is utter nonsense. liness, and quality of the health care received The great health care reform debate of by American families varies systematically and positively with household income. If one believes, as this school of thought tends Uwe Reinharde is James Madison Professor of to believe, that the American economy is Political Economy at Princeton University's the closest approximation worldwide to a Woodrow Wilson School of Public and Eco- nomic Affairs. true meritocracy, then an income-based