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DIALOG(R)File 15:ABI/INFORM(R)
(c) 1995 UMI. All rts. reserv.
00949777
95-99169
1995 economic outlook
McCoy, Frank
Black Enterprise v25n6 PP: 72-77 Jan 1995 CODEN: BLENDG ISSN: 0006-4165
JRNL CODE: BEN
DOC TYPE: Journal article LANGUAGE: English LENGTH: 6 Pages
SPECIAL FEATURE: Graphs
AVAILABILITY: Fulltext online. Photocopy available from ABI/INFORM 6177.00
WORD COUNT: 2590
ABSTRACT: Because of a Republican controlled Congress, high unemployment
and the corrosive poverty that afflicts female-headed households, 1995 may
not be a good year for African Americans. The Black Enterprise Board of
Economists meeting held recently in Washington, DC, is discussed. Board
member Andrew Brimmer projected that the US economic growth rate will
decline considerably in 1995 compared with 1994. The decline in economic
activity is one sign that the demand for jobs will continue to outstrip
supply. While US economic activity is projected to expand moderately in
1995, signs indicate the general economic position of African-Americans
will deteriorate. Brimmer believes that to a considerable extent, the
failure of blacks to make substantial progress in their relative economic
status reflects a weakening in their participation in the labor force.
TEXT: A NEW YEAR SHOULD SIGNAL hope, but for many African-Americans, 1995
may not bring great cheer. Topping the list of concerns: a conservative,
Republican-controlled Congress, high black unemployment and the corrosive
poverty that afflicts female-headed households.
It doesn't matter that inflation is low, overall unemployment is down or
even that crime rates have fallen. In black communities throughout the
nation, there are still too many people chasing too few jobs and too many
children raising children.
The double whammy of a Republican sweep last November combined with a
neoconservative wave of elected officials at the local level does not bode
well for urban economic development.
Although the most recent meeting of the BLACK ENTERPRISE Board of
Economists (BEBE) was held prior to the elections, board members felt a
tremendous frustration. In remarks prepared for the two-day session in
Washington, D.C., BLACK ENTERPRISE publisher Earl G. Graves noted,
"Considering the ongoing debate over urban economic development, where can
African-Americans look for new employment? At a time when interest in
welfare reform is high, what are the solutions for families stuck in the
vicious cycle of poverty?"
Discussants at the session included:
Cecilia A. Conrad, professor of economics at Barnard College; Gerald
Jaynes, professor of economics and African-American studies at Yale
University; Andrew F. Brimmer, president of Brimmer & Co. a Washington,
D.C., economic and financial consulting firm; Margaret C. Simms, director
of research programs for the Joint Center for Political and Economic
Studies; Courtney N. Blackman, an international economics consultant;
Edward D. Irons, dean of the Clark Atlanta University School of Business;
and Emmett J. Rice, a former governor of the Federal Reserve Bank.
THE UNAPPRECIATED RECOVERY
To set the economic cone for the meeting, Andrew Brimmer began by
projecting that the U.S. economic growth rate will decline considerably in
1995 compared with 1994. The country will also experience a slower rate of
expansion throughout the year.
The decline, which can be traced back to the Federal Reserve Bank's
restrictive monetary policy, will be led by a projected slackening in
home-building and business receipts, as well as by softening consumer
spending.
This year, the economy will expand at a pace well below the 2.7% annual
growth necessary to achieve "long-run, full-employment growth," says
Brimmer. In fact, he projects that real gross domestic product (GDP) may
grow only 2.1%. This is a sizable decline from the 3.6% growth rate
projected for 1994. (GDP is the broadest measure of domestic economic
activity, of which two-thirds is based on consumer spending.)
The decline in economic activity is one sign that the demand for jobs will
continue to outstrip supply. Lower relative employment assures less income
and tighter spending at the consumer and supplier levels. Adding these
factors to a monetary policy that's dedicated to gradually increasing
interest rates will slow commercial and residential construction, and
automobile sales, which in turn will retard overall growth.
The strange twist to this scenario is that while Americans feel uneasy
about their personal economic status, as was evidenced in the recent
electoral thumbs up for the Republican agenda, the economic indicators of
the big picture are fairly robust. By the end of 1995, the number of
employed Americans is projected to grow to 125.6 million, from 120.2 in
1993. The number of unemployed should drop from 9.6 million to 8.0 million,
sliding the unemployment rate down to 6% from 7.4% over the two-year
period.
The foul-tasting monetary medicine the Fed prescribes has slowed inflation.
Despite two years of economic expansion, consumer prices have grown only
slightly. But inflationary pressures are increasing. Although Brimmer sees
a boost in prices and wages, he does not project an increase in
productivity. As a result, says Brimmer, higher wages and raw material
prices could cause the inflation rate to grow from a projected 2.7% for
1994 to 3.25% for 1995. As for interest rates, Brimmer says the prime rate
may touch 8% by March 1995, and fall to 7.5% by year's end.
TWO STEPS FORWARD, ONE BACK
While U.S. economic activity is projected to expand moderately this year,
signs indicate that the general economic position of African-Americans will
deteriorate.
In fact, says Brimmer, the "relative employment and income losses being
experienced by blacks will be reflected as gains for Asians and other
minority groups."
Since 1989, African-Americans have made only modest economic progress based
on a review of population, civilian labor force and employment statistics
and money income. In the last five years, the black share of the total
population rose by 0.34%, but its share of the civilian labor force and of
employment increased by only 0.19% and 0.18%, respectively. The black
unemployment rate decreased by 0.6% during the same period. By contrast,
other races, primarily Asians, showed greater improvement as their
population increased by 0.76%, their participation in the civilian labor
force grew by 0.54% and their employment went up by 0.48%.
These differential changes were also demonstrated in money income during
the period. Between 1989 and 1994, the money income of African-Americans
grew slightly from 7.4% to 7.8% of total money income. The money income of
other races, excluding whites, grew from 3.17% to 3.60% of the total during
the same period.
Brimmer believes that "to a considerable extent, the failure of blacks to
make substantial progress in their relative economic status reflects a
weakening in [their participation] in the labor force." During this same
five-year period, members of other races experienced improved employment
levels. Their employment level rose by 20.3% compared with 4.8% for all
workers, 4% for whites and 6.8% for blacks.
According to Brimmer, this discrepancy is due to the increasing number of
young black men over the age of 16 who are not in the labor force or
actively seeking employment.
The employment outlook for 1995 is not much better. The African-American
civilian labor force is projected to grow to 15 million or 11.3% of the
total civilian labor force. Black employment may average 13 million or
10.5% of the total population. But black unemployment is projected to
number 1.8 million or 23% of the total jobless. That means that in a time
of relative economic expansion, African-Americans are projected to still
have an unemployment rate of at least 12.2%.
Brimmer explains, "While the absolute number of jobs held by blacks will
increase in 1995, their relative position will most likely weaken further."
Of course, a job deficit translates into an income deficit, which in turn
makes for a poorer black community. In 1994, black money income was
projected to be $323.3 billion, or 7.8% of the $4.1 trillion dollar total.
In 1995, projected total money income in the United States may grow to $4.4
trillion. Of that, African-American money income may rise to $437.3
billion, or 8% of the total.
CREATING EMPLOYMENT
Three decades ago, President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society abandoned
its efforts to improve the employability of inner-city residents.
Nevertheless, for many cities, the quest for jobs continues. According to
Margaret C. Simms of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies in
Washington, D.C., two fundamental questions must be answered before the
challenge is addressed:
(1) Can the public sector on its own produce economic development in
central cities?
(2) What are the best models for big-city mayors to develop an effective
development package?
"When an elected official talks economic development," says Simms, "success
is measured in terms of additional jobs for residents and/or additional tax
revenue. In both cases, the trump card for most politicians is to bring in
new businesses."
Politicians are limited in their ability to implement policies to create
jobs, Simms feels. Instead, most political leaders look to providing tax
incentives, infrastructure concessions, low-cost land and financing, and
training programs for workers. In 1995, these old ideas are being
programmed with new urban "software": empowerment zones, public-private
partnerships, and newly designed high-performance, workplaces.
In response, cities and counties queued up for the Clinton administration's
empowerment zone (EZ) initiative. In fact, the Department of Housing and
Urban Development received 74 EZ and 218 enterprise community (EC)
applications. Nevertheless, Simms still questions how HUD will determine "a
good plan."
Edward Irons of Clark-Atlanta University thinks he knows. He points out
that job creation is a macroeconomic issue. Cities and states can't really
create jobs, but they can create an appealing mix of tax abatements and
incentives to attract investors.
The alternative to growing your own jobs is "stealing" someone else's,
claims Emmett Rice, a former governor of the Federal Reserve Bank.
According to Rice, this kind of stealing is done by luring firms with an
array of fiscal givebacks.
One successful example of public-private synergy is Atlanta's reborn
business district. But, the growth of that area did little to lower
Atlanta's overall poverty level, adds Simms.
"So what," is Irons' reaction. He claims that decreasing the city's poverty
rate was not the primary objective for expanding Atlanta's downtown. The
charge was to stabilize Atlanta's commercial base and build it into a
world-class city. "We ought not to be thinking about doing good [in the
inner city]," Irons notes.
He is not being callous here. Irons believes that businesses are attracted
to a location because of an investment or income opportunity, not because
of altruism.
"If you are going to develop the inner cities, you must find profit
opportunities for businesses," Irons says, "and then attract them on a
basis of self-interest."
This comment triggered a discussion on the costs and benefits of attracting
new businesses to urban areas. The construction of mega-supermarkets in
Harlem and sports stadiums in Cleveland and Chicago were cited as examples
of these efforts. But Barnard College professor Cecilia Conrad wondered
what price is too high for so-called progress. "What does a city gain if
250 jobs are created, but the taxes lost due to an abatement over several
years are a multiple of the taxes the new employees pay? Does creating
financial security for 250 families outweigh increasing a city's deficit,
and ultimately cutting services?"
Of course, preparing a city for growth is a multifaceted process. Simms
says, "If your goal is to attract business to generate jobs, officials must
determine what businesses to target, and what jobs are the city's residents
prepared to take, or [which can they] be trained to perform. The goal
should be to incorporate new workers in education and training programs,
which enhance their ability to compete."
Several nay federal initiatives, primarily from the Departments of Labor,
Education, and Health and Human Services, are being reviewed and tested to
fill the gaps. In these efforts, which have led to a variety of training
programs, states and municipalities do the fine-tuning and the private-
sector does the training. About a half-dozen states, including Wisconsin,
Maine and Oregon, have signed on to one such program called School-to-Work
in the hope that it will enhance long-term job opportunities. Other
programs subsumed under the recently passed crime bill also include money
for initiatives to reach high-risk populations.
Finally, the Clinton administration wants to create a one-stop career
center to counsel prospective employees and refer them to an appropriate
program. Emmett Rice does not disagree with the concept, but he believes
that blacks must push for sophisticated skills building programs along with
initiatives that develop low-level skills. Irons concurs, adding that
undirected training is meaningless because, "We have to identify growing
labor niches and train our people for those jobs."
RETHINKING WELFARE REFORM
In many circles, skills building and job training are still believed to be
the answer to the feminization of poverty in the United States. But the
implemention of these solutions is not simple. The fact is, the number of
female-headed households is increasing, and these families have a higher
poverty rate than other families. Conrad believes that the consequences of
this reality are "grim," especially for black families. More than 50% of
black children live in such households, and 63% of these families are poor.
For decades, social scientists have theorized about reducing the number of
black female-led families to lower the incidence of poverty. Suggested
measures range from eliminating welfare and building more orphanages, to
increasing community censure of unwed mothers, and providing more economic
opportunities for black males.
But is it possible, Conrad asks, "to reduce the risk of poverty for lone
mothers and their children?" She answers yes, arguing that female-based
poverty is not unique to the United States. She points to Canada, France
and Sweden, countries that reduced their poverty rates in the 1980s, a time
when poverty was on the rise in the United States. Their solution: income
support policies.
"The United States is notoriously less generous toward families than other
industrialized countries," says Conrad. One example of this parsimony is
the lack of a universal family allowance. Instead, the only income support
the U.S. government provides is the means-tested Aid to Families With
Dependent Children (AFDC) program. In Canada and Western Europe, all
families are eligible for a monthly allowance, regardless of income or
family structure. Sweden pays single mothers an advanced child maintenance
payment with child support collected from absent fathers. In Canada and the
United Kingdom, low-income families are paid supplemental benefits.
The United States' tight-fisted approach is not cost-effective, argues
Courtney N. Blackman, former Bank of Barbados governor. "If a single woman
has a baby and society doesn't help her, and then she has a second child,
the chances of raising either child successfully plunge, leading to social
costs that outweigh the small amount of money that wasn't spent
[initially]," he explains.
To test her thesis, Conrad created models showing the new income American
families would receive if the Canadian and European policies were adopted.
She found that these models would reduce U.S. poverty rates among
female-headed families.
Conrad brought up studies showing that families headed by high-school
dropouts, with their reduced wage potential, lower incomes and less child
support, have a higher risk of poverty. The risks of poverty are
cumulative. But women with at least a high school degree, who delay
childbearing until they are married, are less likely to live in poverty,
she notes.
European-style family allowances have a bigger impact on poverty. than
demographic changes, Conrad observes. "Until recently, most states in the
United States did not offer any income supplement to families with two
able-bodied adults. The family allowance schemes abroad offer benefits that
are quite similar to those offered to one-parent families here." Of course,
other countries, such as Australia, France and Sweden, do not expect
mothers with young children to work. In the final analysis, the main
opposition to family allowances here stems from the cost. Conrad admits the
number of recipients would go up, but the bureaucracy monitoring the family
eligibility would be reduced, along with the costs.
Yale University economics professor Gerald Jaynes is skeptical about the
bottom-line nature of this proposal. He does not believe that conservatives
and liberals can find common ground. One such system was tried and defeated
during the Nixon administration. He says the conservatives opposed it for
cost; and the liberals, because it was not [broad] enough." There was also
the belief, that in a less fiscally constrained time, the family allowance
program could be resurrected at a higher level. This belief "of course was
a horrendous folly," Jaynes concludes.
The programs presented by Simms and Conrad to boost black employment and
decrease black female poverty are both commendable. However, the new
conservative political reality makes it unlikely that the government, with
a mandate from the American people, will take the initiatives outlined to
address these crushing concerns.
THIS IS THE FULL-TEXT. Copyright Earl G Graves Publishing Co Inc 1995
GEOGRAPHIC NAMES: US
DESCRIPTORS: Economic forecasts; Blacks; Economic conditions; Unemployment
CLASSIFICATION CODES: 1110 (CN=Economic conditions & forecasts); 9190
(CN=United States)
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Reverend Ellihue Gaylord
Mr. Lawrence Gibson
71 Timberland Drive
Suite 2000
Magnolia AR 71753
36 S. Charles Street
501-234-5195
Baltimore MD 21201
410/385-4242
Dr. Willie F. Gibson
Mr. Hurley Goodall
Chair, Nat. Bd. of Directors
1905 Carver Drive
NAACP
Muncie IN 47303
239 East Broad Street
317-288-4757
Greenville SC. 29601
803-233-7355
Ms. Terri Grantham
Mr. Earl Graves
Dir. Human Resources
Black Enterprises
Phila. Parking Authority
130 Fifth Avenue
6261 E. Wister
New York NY 10011
Philadelphia PA 19138
212-242-8000
215/563-7670
Bishop William Graves
Mr. Leonard Gray
1374 Farrow Road
3030 Virginia Avenue
Memphis TN 38119
Louisville KY 40211
901-332-4968
502-774-8794
502-778-5028
Mr. John Green
Ms. Maxine Green
44 Lakeside Drive
National Tenants Rights
Little Rock AR
Organization
501/568-4422
Suite A
1110 N. 29th Street
Fort Pierce FL 34947
407/466-6425
Mr. Jerome Greene
Mr. Richard Griffin
Suite 3801
616 South 49th Street
425 West Capitol
Richmond CA 94804
Little Rock AR 72201
510-529-1645
501/375-4100
Mr. Regis Groff
Ms. Melba Guy
2079 Albion
3900 Ford Rd.
Denver CO 80207
18c
303/866-4865
303/866-5000
Philadelphia PA 19131
215/477-7236
Ms. Knoxie Hall
Ms. Vera Hall
1520 South Broadway
100 North Holiday Street
Little Rock AR 72202
Baltimore MD 21202
501-372-2127
410-396-4832
410-444-3309
Mr. George Hammons
Senator Alice Harden
100 East Packard Street
3274 Cooperfield
Warren AR 71671
Jackson MS 39209
501/226-3755
601-359-3998
Mr. Joseph Hardwick
Hon. Elihue Harris
8222 S. San Pedro Street
1 City Hall Plaza
Los Angeles CA 90003
Oakland CA 94612
213/299-1747
213/750-1033
510-286-3141
Reverend Wallace Hartsfield
Reverend John Henderson
2310 E. Linwood Blvd.
1634 19th St.
Kansas City MO
Seattle WA
816-923-3689
206-722-9004
Mayor William Herrington
Ms. Jean Hervey
125 North Main Street
Route 1
Memphis TN 38103
Post Office Box 80
901-576-6000
Plummerville AR 72127
501/562-2907
501/354-5966
Mr. Aaron Hery
Mr. Melvin Holden
213 Fourth Street
504-774-8995
Clarksdale MS 38614
601-624-2913
Ms. Arlene Holt
Senator Maxine Horner
Suite 1102
428 B State Capitol
3460 Wilshire Blvd.
Oklahoma City OK 73105
Los Angeles CA 90010
405-524-0126
918-425-8205
213/385-7467
Mr. Jim Hudson
Rep. Vincent Hughes
1726 20th Street, NW
4601 Market Street
Washington DC
Philadelphia PA 19139
202-726-7403
215-471-0507
Honorable Maynard Jackson
Councilmember Sheila Jackson-Lee
Suite 2400, SW
Post Office Box 1562
55 Trinity Avenue
Houston TX 77251
Atlanta GA 30335
713-247-2006
404-522-5766
Bishop F.C. James
Mr. Harold James
1134 11th Street
2110 Alter St.
Washington DC
Philadelphia PA 19146
202-842-3788
215-985-4196
Mr. Jolbert James
Mr. Louis James
201 Varick St.
OJ Transport, Inc.
New York NY 10014
4005 W. Fort Street
212-337-2387
Detroit MI 48209
708-344-2095
Mr. Theodore James
Dr. Hyman Jarrett, Sr.
Tyson Foods
8200 State Avenue
P.O. Box 5040
Kansas City KS 66112
Pine Bluff AR 71611
913-788-5200
501/536-4864
Mr. Mose Jefferson
Representative Richard Jefferson
2103 Louisianna Avenue
1314 Washburn Avenue, North
New Orleans LA 70115
Minneapolis MN 55411
504-891-1973
504-582-0220
612/296-8659
612/529-0278
Representative William Jefferson
Dr. Jerry Jewell
Congressman
721 E. 21st Street
506 Cannon House Office Bldg.
Little Rock AR 72206
First Street & Independence Ave. SE
501/372-1924
Washington DC 20001
504/589-2274
504/895-1339
Rev. T.J. Jimerson
Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson
911 Spain Street
1721 Longworth HOB
Baton Rouge LA 70801
Washington DC 20515
504-924-3411
202-225-8885
Mr. John Johnson
Reverend O.C. Johnson
President
3215 Lyon's Lane
Johnson Publications
Houston TX
820 South Michigan Avenue
713-227-3372
Chicago IL 60605
312-322-9200
Ms. Artheia Joiner
Senator Charles Jones
Attorney at Law
P.O. Box 3043
400 East Buffalo Avenue
141 DeSiard Street
Tampa FL 33601
Monroe LA 71210
813/985-0343
318/362-5469
318/325-2644
Representative Darryl Jones
Reverend E.J. Jones
Suite 460
9654 South Indiana Avenue
10720 Carribean Blvd.
Chicago IL 60628
Miami FL 33189
312-285-1060
904/488-5430
305-442-6901
Dr. Edward Jones
Mr. Ernie Jones
1540 Pierre Avenue
1893 Fairpointe Trace
Shreveport LA
Stone Mountain GA 30088
318-221-2629
404-808-4303
Mr. Jamie Jones
Mr. Jerrauld Jones
110 Greenwich Street
601 Denwitty Street
New York NY 10006
Portsmouth VA 23704
212/962-5222
804-623-6568
Reverend Jewell Jones
Ms. Marilyn Jones
752 N. 5th Street
6600 Greensboro Drive
Kansas City KS 66101
Austin TX 79723
913/371-7237
512-926-5053
Rev. Odell Jones
Mr. Rufus Jones
19458 Littlefield St.
209 War Memorial Building
Detroit MI 48235
Nashville TN 37219
313-868-6275
615/741-3144
Mr. Sherman Jones
Ms. Stephanie Jones
3736 Weaver Drive
1864 Blackstone Place
Kansas City KS 66104
Cincinnati OH 45237
913/342-5728
913/296-7678
312-567-1221
Mr. Raymond Jordan
Senator Sandra Kennedy
11 Ingersoll Grove
Arizona Senate
Springfield Ma 01109-4010
1700 West Washington Street
413-788-0206
413-469-0325
Phoenix AZ 85007
602/542-7830
Ms. Yvonne Kennedy
Sterling King
Delta Sigma Theta National Office
Howard University School of
1707 New Hampshire Avenue
Business, Dept. of Health Serv. Ad.
Washington DC 20009
2600 6th St., NW
202/547-7904
202/986-2400
Washington DC 20059
202-806-1586
Mr. Martin Luther King, III
Reverend T. Larry Kirkland
P.O. Box 50608
4831 South Grammercy Place
Atlanta GA 30302
Los Angeles CA
404/524-4733
404/491-7223
213-299-4988
Ms. Gloria Lawlah
Assemblywoman Barbara Lee
6103 Oxen Hue Road
Room 4146
Oxen Hill MD 20745
State Capitol
301/858-3092
301/894-3082
Sacramento CA 95814
916/445-7442
Ms. Edith Lee-Payne
Mr. William Lewellen
19353 Santa Rosa Drive
301 Arnold Palmer Drive
Detroit MI 48221
New Little Rock AR 72118
313/863-7913
501/851-2834
Rep. John Lewis
Bishop Lindsey
501 Cannon House Office Bldg.
401 West 23rd Street
Washington DC 20515
North Little Rock AR 72116
202/225-3801
202-225-0351
Reverend Leon Lipcomb
Mr. Paul Livingston
2498 Alabama Avenue
3220 Makeway Drive
Washington DC
Columbia SC 29601
202-889-7297
Ms. Martha Love
Reverend Joseph Lowery
Coalition of Black Trade Unions
334 Auburn Avenue
1846 W. Cherry St.
Atlanta GA 30303
Milwaukee WI 53205
404-522-1420
414/257-6287
414/344-8423
Reverend Fred Lucas
Ron Magnus
277 Stuyvesant Avenue
111 F. Street
New York NY
Washington DC
718-452-3936
202-726-7403
Councilwoman Helen Marshall
Ms. Maxey Marshall
97-19 Astoria Boulevard
2949 King Cove Circle
East Elmhurst NY 11369
Dallas TX 75216
212-788-7366
718-507-0813
214/374-8615
Ms. Mahlon Martin
Mr. William Martin
Winthrop Rockefeller Foundation
300 N. Salisbury Street
308 East 8th Street
Suite 300
Little Rock AR 72202
Raleigh NC 27611
501/376-6854
919-790-8128
Mr. Dana C. Mattison
Bishop J. Haskell Mayo
Pfizer Pharmaceutical
400 E. 41st Street
Capitol Square, Suite 1000
Oakbrook IL
65 E. State Street
708-325-2067
Columbus OH 43215
614/460-3550
Reverend Randall McCaskill
Mr. Ray McClendon
Olivet Baptist Church
Suite 880
10th & Ruscomb Streets
1360 Peachtree Street, NE
Philadelphia PA
Atlanta GA 30309
215/457-9977
404/875-1545
Ms. Rosemarie McDowell
Mr. Benjamin McGee
Milwaukee Council 48, AFSCME
P.O. Box 240
Box 09311
Marion AR 72364-0240
Milwaukee WI 53209
501/739-4171
414/344-6868
414/444-6535
Representative Jackie McGee
Mr. Reginald McGill
P.O. Box 300950
75 Ivanhoe Boulevard
Kansas City MO
Orlando FL 32802
816-921-7045
407/872-0656
Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney
Mr. George McKinney
124 Cannon HOB
3902 N. 16th St.
Washington D.C. 20515
Milwaukee WI 53206
202-225-1605
414/353-2352
Rep. Rhine McLin
Reverend John Miles
1130 Germantown Street
Morning Star Baptist Church
Dayton OH 45408-1490
2411 East 27th Street
513-461-4990
513-275-5407
Kansas MO 64127
816-923-3559
816-333-1046
Ms. Martina Miles
Ms. Victoria Miles-LeGrange
Training Coordinator
210 West Park Ave.
Pennsylvania Service Corps
Suite 400
1705 N. Front Street
Oklahoma City OK 73102
2nd Floor
405-231-5281
Harrisburgh PA 17102
717/233-8577
Dr. Robert Miller
Bishop Donald Ming
112 Old Military Road
6th Episcopal District
Helena AR 72342
208 Auburn Avenue, NE
501-338-8531
Atlanta GA 30303
404/719-1380
State Senator Theo Mitchell
Mr. Elvin Moon
Post Office Box 10091, FS
8924 Kittyhawk Avenue
Greenville SC 29603
Los Angeles CA 90045
803-235-6361
310/641-6448
Ms. Gwendolynne Moore
Dr. James Moore
1237 N. 25th St.
200 South University
P.O. Box 8953
Little Rock AR. 72205
Milwaukee WI 53205 53205
501-666-7623
608/266-0645
Ms. Caroline Morris
Ms. Cynthia Morton
525 Palisades Avenue
Suite 1063
Bridgeport CT 06610
5300 Keller Springs Road
203-335-9609
Dallas TX 75248
214/613-9777
Reverend Otis Moss
Reverend Cecil Murray
8712 Quincy Avenue
5858 South Citrus Avenue
Cleveland OH 44106
Los Angeles CA 90043
216-721-3585
213/294-4407
Mr. Gerald Neal
State Senator Joseph Neal
1718 West Jefferson Street
Chmn Leg. Black Caucus
Louisville KY 40203
304 Lance Avenue North
502/584-8500
502-778-1178
Las Vegas NV 89030
702-399-2114
702-295-2010
Ms. Elaina Newport
Mr. Henry Nicholas
3632 N. 36th Road
1319 Locust Street
Arlington VA 22207
Philadelphia PA 19107
703-525-6262
215-487-9246
Ms. Traci Nickens
Mr. Earl O'Neal
469 Rices Mill Rd.
821 Alabama Avenue, SE
Wyncote PA 19095
Washington DC 20032
215/572-0760
202/373-0932
202/429-1181
Ms. Hazel Obey
Mr. Ronald Oliver
Box 6095
7713 W. Beechwood Avenue
Austin TX 78762
Milwaukee WI 53223
512/476-5014
512/476-8279
414/353-4932
Reverend Joseph Parker
Mr. Charles Pearson
2211 East Martin Luther King Blvd.
908 West 50th Street
Austin TX
North Little Rock AR 72118
512-472-9748
501-758-4197
Wilbur Peer
Ms. Cheri Perron
10910 Lockwood Drive
5317 Haverford Avenue
Silver Spring MD 29090
Philadelphia PA 19139
301-681-1557
215-241-3103
Mr. Kenneth Perron
Mr. James Perry
Employee Relations Specialist
407-422-5758
Independence Blue Cross
5317 Haverford Avenue
Philadelphia PA 19139
215/241-3103
Darrell Phinney
Bishop W.L. Porter
P.O. Box 7795
P.O. Box 70271
Shreveport LA
Memphis TN
318-227-9135
901-527-3834
901-578-3830
Rep. Adam Clayton Powell, IV
Ms. C.J. Prentiss
159 E. 116th Street
12815 Saint Clair Street
New York NY 10029
Cleveland OH 44108
212/427-0700
614/466-7954
Mr. Paul Purdy
Bishop Norman Quick
P.O. Box 2782
1031 East 215th Street
Jackson MS 39207
Bronx NY 10469
601/354-3312
601/982-0299
718-655-2270
Ms. Sheryl Lee Ralph
Ms. Denise Rawls
938 Longwood Avenue
VP-Consultant
Los Angeles CA 90019
Jones Associates
310/820-5472
2716 Parrish Street
Philadelphia PA 19107
215/236-7718
Mr. Joseph Reed
Ms. Pearlie Reed
Alambama Education Association
310 Flannery Road
P.O. Box 4177
Silver Spring MD 20904
Montgomery AL 36103-4177
301-989-0234
205/834-9790
Mayor Norman Rice
Reverend W. Franklin Richardson
600 4th Avenue
Grace Baptist Church
12th Floor
32 South 6th Avenue
Seattle WA 98104
Mt. Vernon NY 10550
206-684-4000
914-662-2676
Reverend Henry Thomas Rihm
Ms. Jacqueline Roberts
Pastor
105 West 34th Street
St. Joseph's Baptist Church
Pine Bluff AR 71601
485 West First Street
501/536-8454
Jacksonville FL 32209
904/764-6639
Representative Thomas Roberts
Ms. Victoria Robertson
1st Floor
1212 E. Polk
777 South High Street
West Memphis AR 72301
Columbus OH 43215
501/735-7236
513/275-6244
Mr. Carroll Robinson
Reverend John Robinson
#704
3180 Glengarry Cove
8300 W. Airport
Memphis TN 38128
Houston TX 77071
901-358-9190
713/995-5422
Ms. Malinda Robinson
Mr. Charles Rolland
315 E. Durham
506 Second Avenue
Philadelphia PA 19119
Suite 1702
215/242-0315
Seattle WA 98104
206-583-0664
Mr. John Romano
Rep. Robert Rush
3632 N. 36th Road
3534 South Calumet
Arlington VA 22207
Chicago IL 60653
703-525-6262
202-225-4372
312/225-3444
Mr. Henry Sanders
Reverend Leslie Sanders
P.O. Box 1305
5126 South Michigan
Salem AL 36701
Chicago IL 60615
205/875-9264
205/875-1395
312-538-3509
Mr. Eugene Sawyer
Mayor Kurt Schmoke
7928 S. Indiana
100 North Holiday St.
Chicago IL 60619
Rm. 250 City Hall
312/744-3300
312/874-3559
Baltimore MD 21202
410-396-4889
Rep. Robert Scott
Assemblyman Lawrence Seabrook
501 Cannon HOB
New York State Assembly
Washington, D.C. 20515
3677 White Plains Road
202-225-8351
Bronx NY 10467
212/547-8854
Mr. Everett Seay
Bishop Joseph H. Sherman
24 South Marshall
P.O. Box 329
Pontiac MI 48342
Charlotte NC
810-334-4036
704-377-0642
Mr. W. James Singleton
Reverend William Smart
4050 Limwood Avenue
570 Lane Avenue
Shreveport LA 71108
Jackson TN 38301
318-621-9400
901-427-1627
901-427-5392
Mr. Edward Smith
Ms. Melba Smith
Building 2B, 2nd Floor
626 Riverside Drive
1203 Front Street
Suite 23-D
Raleigh NC 27609
New York NY 10031
919/733-0431
212-281-6429
Rickey Smith
Mr. Calvin Smyre
6407 N.W. Cosby
401 State Capital
Kansas City MO
Atlanta GA 30334
816-741-5000
404/649-2243
Mr. James Speights
Deputy Mayor Archibald Spigner
1331 Pennsylvania Avenue
113-39 Farmers Boulevard
Washington DC
St. Albans NY 11412
202-638-0502
7180776-3700
Ms. Lillian Springer
Mr. Woodrow Stanley
3810 Debusk Circle
1101 S. Saginaw Street
Little Rock AR 72206
Flint MI 48502
501/372-5381
313/862-3163
313/766-7413
Deputy Mayor George Stevens
Reverend Charles Stith
202 C Street
485 Columbus Avenue
San Diego CA 92101
Boston Ma 02118
619/236-6644
413-788-0206
617-622-4336
Congressman Louis Stokes
Chairman John Stroger
2365 Rayburn HOB
8534 S. Blackstone Avenue
Washington DC 20515
Chicago IL 60619
202-225-7032
312-443-6396
312734-80499
Reverend Leodis Strong
Reverend David Stuckey
5605 North Everest
1745 East Mowhawk Boulevard
Oklahoma City OK 73111
Tulsa OK 74110
405-424-4601
918-425-5221
Rep. Vernon Sykes
Bishop Talbot
State Representative
604 Locust Street
615 Diagonal Road
North Little Rock AR 72114
Akron OH 44320-3011
501-375-4310
614/466-3100
Mr. Alexander Talmadge
Wilbert Tatum
City Commission
2340 8th Avenue
Room 132
New York NY
City Hall
212-932-7400
Philadelphia PA 19107
215/686-3462
Ms. Erma Thomas
Mr. James Thomas
409-842-4855
409-841-2321
11 North Union Street
Montgomery AL 36130
205/226-7663
205/682-6590
Mr. W. Thomas
Mr. Harry Thomas Jr.
1022 N. Lawrence Street
1300 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W.
Philadelphia PA 19123
Washington D.C. 20004
215/922-1847
202-724-8028
Rep. Michael Thurmond
Reverend W.C. Tims
Attorney
Route 5, Box 370
Post Office Drawer 1148
Magnolia AR 71753
Athens GA 30334
501-234-1546
706-543-5513
Ms. Sharon Tolliver
Congressman Edolphus Townes
P.O. Box 8825
2232 Rayburn HOB
Dayton OH 45401
Washington DC 20515
513/259-7131
202-225-5936
C. Delores Tucker
Ms Donna Tucker
600 New Hampshire Avenue, NW
16206 Huntmere Road
Suite 1125
Cleveland OH 44110
Washington DC 20037
216/481-5732
202-338-0800
Mr. Robert Turner
Mr. Albert Vann
200 West 2nd Street
613-19 Throop Avenue
501 Federal Building
Brooklyn NY 11216
Dayton OH 45402
718/919-0740
513/225-2843
513/278-9733
Reverend Kenneth Wahlan
Bishop L.T. Walker
3084 Southern Avenue
2315 Chester
Memphis TN
Little Rock AR 72206
901-454-7777
501-375-5804
Mr. Rodger Walker
Mr. William Walker
811 Accent Park Drive
710 Peachtree Street, NE
Dayton OH 45427
Atlanta GA 30308
513/263-2934
404-526-8883
404-881-0857
Mr. A.D. Washington
Mr. McKinley Washington
70 Universal City Plaza
P.O. Box 247
Universal City CA 91608
Ravenel S.C. 29470
818/777-4024
803-734-2891
803/489-2440
Congresswoman Maxine Waters
Ms. Juanita Watkins
1207 Longworth HOB
231-12 Merick Blvd.
Washington DC 20515
Laurelton Ny 11413
202-225-2201
718-498-8681
718-527-4356
Senator Diane Watson
Reverend Maurice Watson
Room #4040
14465 Patrick Avenue
State Capital
Omaha NE 68116
Sacramento CA 95814
402-498-8647
213/291-1250
Rep. Robert Watson
Mayor Wellington Webb
1111 Cleveland
1437 Banncock
Kansas City KS 66104
Room 350
913-296-7694
913/621-7070
Denver CO 80207
303-640-2721
Mr. Archie Welch
Bishop T.L. Westbrook
Chairman
Jerusalem Church of God in Christ
North American Communications Group
P.O. Box 805
101 West 11th Street
Spanaway WI
Kansas City MO 64105
206/572-6785
206/531-8432
816-474-4600
Ms. Pinkie Wilkerson
Dr. Alonzo Williams
P.O. Box 893
8908 Kanis Road
Grambling LA 71245
Little Rock AR 72205
318/247-3186
501-227-7688
Rep. Annette Polly Williams
Ms. Arlene Williams
4222 West Capitol Drive
25 E Street N.W.
Milwaukee WI 53216
Washington D.C. 20001
414-871-2188
202/662-3570
Ms. Cora Williams
Mr. Darrin Williams
1300 Crystal Drive
2414 South Park
Arlington VA 22202
Little Rock AR 72206
202/399-8300
501-375-8973
Mr. Jewell Willis
Mr. Anthony Willoughby
315 W. 5th Street
Suite 820
Malvern AR 72104
8500 Wilshire Blvd.
501/682-1010
Beverly Hills CA 90211
310/854-1961
Honorable James Wilson
Phyllis Wilson
130 Columbia
6600 Greenboro
Helena AR 72342
Austin TX
501/338-6487
512-463-4215
Mr. Howard Woods
Ms. Mattiebelle Woods
18910 Mantle Lane
9217 N. 75th Street
Roland AR 72135
#202
501-868-5572
Milwaukee WI 53223
414/354-0809
Ms. Rosa Woods
Ms. Charlene Woody
265 W. MT. Pleasant Ave
1810 Eleventh Street, NW
C19
Washington DC
Philadelphia PA 19119
202-986-0595
215/242-0759
Mr. Rotrice Worthington
Reverend S.M. Wright
20055 Appledowre Circle
3119 Pine Street
Germantown MD 20874
Dallas TX
301-948-7868
214-376-7805
Honorable Andrew Young
1088 Veltre Circle, S.W.
Atlanta GA 30311
404/753-2005
404/752-6492
File
African
-
Americans
-
President Clinton
bet
Making A Difference
for America
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
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marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
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of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
Filgicane
fucaneucan
FROM INSIDE OUT
From the desk of Alexis M. Herman. Assistant to the President and
Director. White House Office of Public Liaison, Washington. DC 20500
*
To African-American Leaders: From time to time we will be sending you this Occasional
Newsletter for your information and/or action. Please send us any updates or corrections on your
information and/or any suggested additions to our mailing list.
August, 1994
Many of you have told me you want to know more about President Clinton's accomplishments.
As we conclude this legislative session, I'd like to share with you a few facts about actions
beneficial to the African-American community and about what's at stake for African Americans in
the present health care reform debate.
Did You Know
Because of President Clinton's leadership. for the first time in 60 years our country is on the
verge of making history with a Health Care Reform Bill that guarantees health coverage to every
American family, an enormous step forward for all Americans and especially vital for the health
and welfare of African Americans.
Health Care
African Americans are among those most at risk of going without care and health coverage in
today's system.
Life expectancy for African Americans is lower than for other communities: infant mortality is
greater; heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis are more common among African Americans.
Medicare takes care of seniors. Medicaid takes care of the poorest in our country. In the past
five years, five million more Americans have lost their health insurance. almost all of them
working people and their children. The health care debate boils down to whether or not the
majority of hard-working folks who work two and three jobs just to make ends meet, will
have full health care coverage that can never be taken away.
We tend to be the last hired and the first fired. When we lose our jobs. change jobs. or move.
we are in jeopardy of losing our health insurance.
55% of African-American households are uninsured or underinsured. That's why guaranteed
coverage that can never be taken away is so important.
That's why the passage of these concepts are so important to us all. That's why the National
Medical Association the largest association of African-American doctors supports the Clinton
health care principles of universal coverage and shared responsibility. Others supporting these
principles are the National Black Nurses Association. NAACP, Congress of National Black
Churches, Southern Christian Leadership Conference. National Black Leadership Forum, NAACP
Legal Defense Fund, A. Phillip Randolph Institute, to mention a few.
These health care issues are now being debated in the House and Senate before Congress departs
for the August recess.
Alexis Herman: From Inside Out
August, 1994
Accomplishments of the Clinton Administration
With many outstanding tangible and intangible accomplishments during his first 18 months.
President Clinton has truly made a significant difference in setting a tone for the country, especially
in areas of excellence. diversity and inclusion. More importantly. the initiatives of the
Administration are making a real difference in the lives of ordinary Americans.
Did You Know
President Clinton has an excellent record of Legislative Leadership.
Legislative Initiatives
As a result of the Clinton Economic Plan, 3.8 million new jobs have been created in the
American economy in the past 18 months. more jobs than were created by the previous
administration in four years.
The new Brady Law prevents convicted felons and the mentally unstable from walking into
gun stores and walking out with deadly weapons by imposing a five-day waiting period to
allow police to conduct background checks on potential gun purchasers.
The new Family & Medical Leave Act allows workers to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave
to care for an infant or a loved one without losing their job.
The new National Service Act offers a chance for tens of thousands of young people to
contribute to their communities while they earn credit toward their higher education.
The new Motor Voter Law provides the opportunity to register to vote in drivers license
offices, unemployment offices and other public facilities.
The Small Business Guaranteed Credit Enhancement Act significantly increases the availability
of loans that can be guaranteed by the Small Business Administration, enabling more African-
American businesses to develop and grow.
The Assault Weapons Ban was passed as a part of the Crime Bill despite all the special
interests who opposed it. The concept of significant crime prevention was also successfully
included.
Through the expanded Earned Income Tax Credit, low-income workers can now qualify for an
additional $100 a month in direct payments.
Did You Know
President Clinton is committed to diversity. His Administration is one that looks like America.
Diversity
For the first time ever, African Americans serve in key positions in every agency and
department throughout the federal government. including five cabinet-level secretaries
(Agriculture, Commerce, Drug Policy, Energy, Veterans Affairs), more than twice as many as
any previous administration. Together these officials command budgets in excess of $120
billion, supervise close to a half-million federal employees. and make decisions that affect
every facet of American life.
The President has asked each of his cabinet officers to develop policies of inclusion. He has
appointed over 500 African Americans to his administration, more than the past three
Presidents combined. As a result of his leadership. every department of federal government,
from top to bottom, has African Americans helping to insure that high-level decisions are made
fairly and equitably. (See page 4: "21 African Americans Who Make a Difference")
Alexis Herman: From Inside Out
2 -
August, 1994
Did You Know
President Clinton is committed to justice and fair play. Despite tremendous criticism. the Clinton
Justice Department has been unequaled in its vigorous enforcement of civil rights laws.
Leadership for Justice
The Clinton Administration has appointed twice as many members of racial minorities to the
federal bench as the last three Presidents combined; and collectively they would be more highly
rated by the American Bar Association than those of any of the last three Presidents -- more
diverse and more qualified. The majority of all presidential appointees to the federal bench
have been women and minorities.
The President's Executive Order on Environmental Justice protects low-income communities
from discriminatory practices by directing federal agencies to develop environmental justice
strategies.
President Clinton's Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights won a landmark agreement to
protect customers from racial discrimination in restaurants
The Justice Department Civil Rights Division filed a record 140 cases last year to enforce fair
housing laws, a 35% increase from the number of cases filed in 1992.
The Labor Department collected over $34.5 million in back pay and other financial remedies
for discrimination victims, an increase of 12% from the year before.
The Justice Department has prosecuted 34 racial violence cases. charging 59 defendants since
President Clinton took office.
The Clinton Administration continues to intervene in federal court to sustain the current
interpretation of the Voting Rights Act.
Did You Know
Three strategic objectives for the minority business community are providing opportunities in 1)
international trade, 2) federal government and 3) capital formation.
Business Strategies
Minority business representatives have been included in international trade delegations.
A special bank to assist with capital formation and loans to small and minority businesses who
want to do business in Mexico was included in the passage of NAFTA.
The President sponsored the first White House Conference on Africa, which brought together
leading Africanists. business persons. and senior administration officials to discuss U.S.
policy. Among the many issues debated were the pivotal issues of U.S. trade, investment and
business development in Africa.
The Clinton team has broadened the approaches to minority businesses beyond traditional
programs like the 8A program, analyzing the entire federal approach for minority business
participation. For example, we have carved out special opportunities for minorities in the
emerging markets arising from the Information Superhighway initiative.
The Clinton team is looking at ways to help create Real Wealth in the minority community by
looking at what can be done more creatively to involve minority businesses with banking
programs and asset management portfolios.
Summary
These are just a few of the accomplishments of President Clinton as he fosters his commitment to
excellence, diversity and inclusion. There are many more things the Clinton team wants to do and
will do -- with your continued help and support.
Alexis Herman: From Inside Out
3
August, 1994
21 African Americans Who Make a Difference*
Cabinet Level Officials
Ron Brown
Secretary of Commerce
Jesse Brown
Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Lee Brown
National Drug Policy Coordinator
Hazel O'Leary
Secretary of Energy
Mike Espy
Secretary of Agriculture
The White House
Alexis Herman
Assistant to the President & Director of Public Liaison
Margaret Williams
Assistant to the President & Chief of Staff to the First Lady
Veronica Biggins
Assistant to the President & Director of Presidential Personnel
Throughout the Administration
Mary Frances Berry
Chair, Civil Rights Commission
Walter Broadnax
Deputy Secretary of Health & Human Services
Drew Days
US Solicitor General (argues for the US before Supreme Court)
Terrance Duvernay
Deputy Secretary of Housing & Urban Development
Joycelyn Elders
US Surgeon General
Eric Holder, Jr.
US Attorney for the District of Columbia
Larry Irving
Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Telecommunications
Bob Nash
Undersecretary of Agriculture
Ron Noble
Asst. Sec'y of Treasury for Enforcement (oversees Secret Service)
Emmett Paige
Asst. Sec'y of Defense for Command, Control, Communications
Deval Patrick
US Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights
Cassandra Robinson
Deputy Administrator of Small Business Administration
Rodney Slater
Federal Highway Administrator (oversees all federal highways)
*
These are but a handful of the more than 500 African Americans appointed to the Administration by President
Clinton, as he demonstrates his belief that government must work harder to find quality appointments that help
to correct injustices of the past while planning for the realities of the future. In our next occasional letter, we
will list other African Americans on the Clinton Team who are making a difference.
Contact Ben Johnson, OPL Associate Director, at (202) 456-2930 for more information.
Thank you for your continued support.
AMH:atb
Would you help us verify and correct our records? Please attach your mailing label, correct any incorrect
information, add your phone and FAX numbers, any comments, and any suggested additions to our mailing list.
Return to Office of Public Liaison, c/o Mr. Ben Johnson, The White House, Washington, DC 20500.
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City, ST
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Alexis Herman: From Inside Out
4
August, 1994
Ajuran
1
OFIELD DUKES & ASSOCIATES
PUBLIC RELATIONS COUNSELOR
To:
Maggie Williams
Chief of Staff
The First Lady
The White House
From:
Ofield Dukes
Date:
December 8, 1995
I thought I would share with you clippings from black newspapers on a "guest
editorial" on President Clinton's race relations speech given in Austin, Texas. At the request
of Alexis Herman, I wrote the ghost editorial for the black press and it was adopted and
disseminated by NNPA (National Newspaper Publishers Association).
Ofield Dukes sends you
clippings from black newspapers
Presidents Clinton's sace
on relations speech given in Texas.
Alexis Herman asked him to
write a ghoss Ditorial for the
black press.
1424 CARROLSBURG PL., S.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20024, TELEPHONE: (202) 488-4948, FAX (202) 488-1086
8
Editorial
November 9 - November 15, 1995
The New York Beacon
Guest Editorial
President Clinton Calls On Americans To 'Clean Our House Of Racism'
There are those, even some
civil rights and equal opportunities for African
every mayor, every business leaders, every church
African Americans, who believe
Americans.
leader, every civic leaders, every union steward,
Walter Smith
racism is dead and buried.
In the 1968 presidential election, bussing became a
every student leader--most important, every citizen-
Publisher
However, most African
divisive issue in northern states. In subsequent
in every workplace and learning place and meeting
Americans know from the harsh
presidential campaigns, wedge issues revolved
place all across America to take personal responsibility
realities of the present social and political
around affirmative action quotas, crime, welfare,
for reaching out to people of different races; for taking
environment that racism is still a potent virus in
Willie Horton, and this year affirmative action,
time to sit down and talk through this issue; to have
American society. We commend President Bill
again. White opposition to Black progress in
the courage to speak honestly and frankly, and then
Clinton for addressing this issue clearly and
segments of the American population is deeply
to have the discipline to listen quietly with an open
forcefully in his speech on race relations at the
rooted in racism.
mind and open heart, as others do the same."
University of Texas on the morning of the One
President Clinton took a courageous step earlier
We ask President Clinton to take the lead in
Million Man March in Washington.
this year in strongly reaffirming his support for
beginning this dialogue between Whites and Blacks.
In his speech, President Clinton was on target in
affirmative action, in spite of recent Supreme Court
As NAACP Board Chair Myrlie Evers-Williams
calling for an end to racism in America. The
decisions and the political climate of "angry White
said in a recent speech before the Anti-Defamation
President said, "Recognizing one another's real
males."
League honoring the late Supreme Court Justice
grievances is only the first step. We must all take
With Republican conservatives in full control of
Thurgood Marshall, "If President Clinton can bring
responsibility for ourselves, our conduct and our
the U.S. congress and conservative justices having
together at the White House two traditional, very
attitudes. America, we must clean our house of
the balance of power on the U.S. Supreme Court,
violent enemies, the Palestine Liberation
racism."
there is evidence all around us to suggest that the
Organization (PLO) and Israel, and the warring
The racial rift between Blacks and Whites did not
racial climate is worse now throughout America than
factions in Bosnia, certainly he shouldbe able to
evolve over night. This rift became dramatically
it was in the 1960's. Many in African-American
bring together Black and White leaders to improve
clear to all America as a result of the O.J. Simpson
communities are suggesting that there is a mean
communications, understanding, appreciation of
trial and the jury verdict. The differences between
spirit reflected in the actions of conservative
our differences, and race relations in this country."
Blacks and Whites shifted from the South with the
Republican members of Congress who want to turn
Surely his office should take the initiative to have
historic passage of civil rights legislation in the
the clocks back and return Blacks to second class
this dialogue happen.
1960's, led by President Lyndon B. Johnson, who
citizenship.
We agree, Mr. President, thank you for the timely
was firmly committed to using the full force of the
President Clinton offers some good first-step advice
speech on what has become a race relations crisis
federal government and U.S. Congress to support
on improving race relations. "I ask every governor,
in America. We await your next move.
NNPA
The Reporter
A Weekly Newspaper
NOVEMBER 4, 1995 THRU NOVEMBER 11, 1995
Published Each Wednesday
President Clinton Calls On
Americans To
Clean Our House of Racism'
There are those, even some
of affirmative action, in spite of
black and white leaders to im-
recent Supreme Court decisions
prove communications, under-
African Americans, who be-
lieve racism is dead and bur-
and the political climate of "an-
standing, appreciation of our
ied.
gry white males".
differences, and race relations
However, most African
With Republican conserva-
in this country." Surely his of-
tives in full control of the U.S.
fice should take the initiative
Americans know from the
Congress and conservative jus-
to have this dialogue happen.
harsh realities of the present
tices having the balance of
We agree. Mr. President,
social and political environ-
ment that racism is still a po-
power on the U.S. Supreme
thank you for the timely speech
on what has become a race re-
tent virus in American society.
Court, there is evidence all
We commend President Bill
around us to suggest that the
lations crisis in America. We
Cliton for addressing this issue
racial climate is worse now
await your next move.
clearly and forcefully i his
throughout America that it was
speech on race relations at the
in the 1960's. Many in African-
University of Texas on the
American communities are sug-
morning of the One Million
gesting that there is a mean
Man March in Washington.
spirit reflected in the actions of
In his speech, President Clin-
conservative Republican mem-
ton was on target in calling for
bers of Congress who want to
an end to racism in America.
turn the clocks back and return
The President said, "Recogniz-
blacks to second class citizen-
ing one another's real griev-
ship.
ances is only the first step. We
President Clinton offers some
must all take responsibility for
good first-step advice on im-
ourselves. our conduct and our
proving race relations. "I ask
attitudes. America. we must
every governor, every mayor,
clean our house of racism."
every business leaders, every
The racial rift between blacks
church leader, every civic leader.
and whites did not evolve over
every union steward, every stu-
night. That rift became dra-
dent leader -- most important.
matically clear to all America
every citizen -- in every work-
as a result of the O.J. Simpson
place and learning place and
trial and the jury verdict. The
meeting place all across
difference between blacks and
America to take personal re-
whites shifted from the South
sponsibility for reaching out to
with the historic passage of
people of different races; for tak-
civil rights legislation in the
ing time to sit down and talk
1960's, led by President Lyndon
through this issue; to have the
B. Johnson, who was firmly
courage to speak honestly and
committed to using the full
frankly, and then to have the
force of the Federal Govern-
discipline to listen quietly with
ment and U.S. Congress to sup-
an open mind and open heart,
port civil rights and equal op-
as others do the same."
portunities for African Ameri-
We ask President Clinton to
cans.
take the lead in beginning this
In the 1968 presidential elec-
dialogue between whites and
tion, bussing became a divisive
blacks. As NAACP Board
issues in northern states. In sub-
Chair Myrlie Evers-Williams
sequent presidential campaigns,
said in a recent speech before
wedge issues revolved around
the Anti-Defamation League
affirmative action quotas. crime.
honoring the late Supreme
welfare, Willie Horton, and this
Court Justice Thurgood
year affirmative action, again.
Marshall, "If President Clinton
White opposition to black
can bring together at the White
progress in segments of the
House two traditional, very vio-
American population is deeply
lent enemies, the Palestine Lib-
rooted in racism.
eration Organization (PLO)
President Clinton took a cou-
and Israel, and the warring fac-
rageous step earlier this year in
tions in Bosnia, certainly he
strongly reaffirming his support
should be able to bring together
President Clinton
calls on Americans
to clean our house of racism
S
By Special to the NNPA
With Republican conservatives in
full control of the U.S. Congress and
There are those, even some African
conservative justice having the blame
Americans, who believe racism is dead
balance of power on the U.S. Supreme
and buried.
Court, there is evidence all around us
However, most African Americans
to suggest that the racial climate is
know from the harsh realities of the
worse now throughout America than it
present social and political environ-
was in the 1960's. Many in African
mental that racism is still a potent
American communities are suggesting
virus in American society. We com-
that there is a mean spirit reflected in
mend President Bill Clinton for ad-
the actions of conservative Republican
dressing this issue clearly and force-
members of Congress who want to turn
fully in his speech on race relations at
the clocks back and return Blacks to
the University of Texas on the morning
second class citizenship.
of the One Million Man March in Wash-
President Clinton offers some good
ington.
first-step advice on improving race re-
In his speech, President Clinton was
lations. "I ask every governor, every
on target in calling for an end to racism
mayor, every business leaders, every
in America. The President said, "Rec-
church leader, every civic leaders, ev-
ognizing one another's real grievances
ery union steward, every student leader
is only the first step. We must all take
-- most important, every citizen -- in
responsibility for ourselves, our con-
every workplace and learning place
duct and our attitudes. America, we
and meeting place all across America to
must clean our house of racism."
take personal responsibility for reach-
The racial rift between Blacks and
ing out to people of different races; for
Whites did not evolve over night. This
taking time to sit down and talk through
rift became dramatically clear to all
this issues; to have the courage to speak
America as a result of the O.J. Simpson
honestly and frankly, and then to have
trial and the jury verdict. The differ-
the discipline to listen quietly with an
ences between Blacks and Whites
open mind and open heart, as others do
shifted from the South with the historic
the same."
passage of civil rights legislation in the
We ask President Clinton to take
1960's led by President Lyndon B. John-
the lead in beginning this dialogue be-
son, who was firmly committed to us-
tween Whites and Blacks. As NAACP
ing the full force of the Federal Govern-
Board Chair Myrlie Evers-Williams said
ment and U.S. Congress to support
in a recent speech before the Anti-
civil rights and equal opportunities for
Defamation League honoring the late
African Americans.
Supreme Court Justice Thurgood
In the 1968 presidential election,
Marshall, "If President Clinton can
bussing became a division issue in
bring together at the White House two
northern states. In subsequent presi-
traditional, very violent enemies, the
dential campaigns, wedge issues re-
Palestine Liberation Organization
volved around affirmative action quo-
(PLO) and Israel, and the warring fac-
tas, crime, welfare, Willie Horton, and
tions in Bosnia, certainly he should be
this year affirmative action, again.
able to bring together black and white
White opposition to black progress in
leaders to improve communications,
segments of the American population
understanding, appreciation of our dif-
is deeply rooted in racism.
ferences, and race relations in this coun-
Président Clinton took a courageous
try." Surely his office should take the
step earlier this year in strongly reaf-
initiative to have this dialogue happen.
firming his support for affirmative ac-
We agree. Mr. President, thank you
tion, in spite of recent Supreme Court
for the timely speech on what has be-
decisions and the political climate of
come a race relations crisis in America.
"angry white males".
We await your next move.
PAGE A20, THE LOUISVILLE DEFENDER, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1995
President Clinton calls
on Americans to 'clean
our house of racism'
There are those, even
ing the full force of the feder-
some good first-step advice
some African Americans,
al government and the U.S:
on improving race rela-
who believe racism is dead
Congress to support civil
tions. "I ask every govern-
and buried.
rights and equal opportuni-
or, every mayor, every busi-
However, most African
ties for all Americans.
ness leader, every church
Americans know from the
In the 1968 presidential
leader, every civic leader,
harsh realities of the present
election, busing became a
ever union steward, every
social and political environ-
divisive issue in northern
student leader most impor-
ment that racism is still a
states. In subsequent presi-
tant, every citizen - in every
potent virus in American so-
dential campaigns, wedge
workplace and learning
ciety. The National News-
issues revolved around af-
place and meeting place all
paper Publishers Associa-
firmative action quotas,
across America, to take per-
tion (NNPA) commends
crime, welfare, Willie Hor-
sonal responsibility for
President Clinton for ad-
ton and, this year, affirma-
reaching out to people of dif-
dressing this issue clearly
tive action again. White op-
ferent races; for taking time
and forcefully in his speech
position to black progress in
to sit down and talk through
on race relations at the Uni-
segments of the American
this issue; to have the cou-
versity of Texas on the
population is deeply rooted
rage to speak honestly and
morning of the Million Man
in racism.
frankly, and then to have the
March in Washington, D.C.
President Clinton took a
discipline to listen quietly
In his speech; Clinton was
courageous step earlier this
with an open mind and open
on target in calling for an
year in strongly reaffirm-
heart, as others do the
end to racism in America.
ing his support for affirma-
same."
The President said,
tive action, in spite of recent
The NNPA asks Presi-
"Recognizing one another's
Supreme Court decisions
dent Clinton to take the lead
real grievances is only the
and the political climate of
in beginning this dialogue
first step. We. must all take
"angry white males."
between whites and blacks.
responsibility for ourselves,
With Republican conser-
As NAACP board chair
our conduct and our atti-
vatives in full control of the
Myrlie Evers-Williams
tudes. America, we must
U.S. Congress and conser-
said in a recent speech be-
clean our house of racism."
vative justices having the
fore the Anti-Defamation
The racial rift between
balance of power on the U.S.
League honoring the late Su-
blacks and whites did not
Supreme Court, there is evi-
preme Court Justice Thur-
evolve overnight. This rift
dence all around to suggest
good Marshall, "If Presi-
became dramatically clear
that the racial climate is
dent Clinton can bring to-
to all America as a result of
worse now throughout Amer-
gether at the White House
the O.J. Simpson trial and
ica than it was in the 1960s.
two traditional, very violent
the jury verdict. The differ-
Many in African American
enemies, the Palestine Lib-
ences between blacks and
communities are suggesting
eration Organization (PLO)
whites shifted from the South
that there is a mean spirit re-
and Israel, and the warring
with the historic passage of
flected in the actions of con-
factions in Bosnia, certain-
civil rights legislation in
servative Republican mem-
ly he should be able to bring
the 1960s, led by President
bers of Congress who want to
together black and white
Lyndon B. Johnson, who
"turn the clocks back" and
leaders to improve commu-
was firmly committed to us-
return blacks to second class
nications, understanding,
citizenship.
appreciation of our differ-
President Clinton offers
ences, and race relations in
this country." Surely, his
office should take the initia-
tive to have this dialogue
OFIELD DUKES & ASSOCIATES
PUBLIC RELATIONS
U.S. POSTAGE
1424 CARROLSBURG PL., S.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20024
PAID
UNIT CITY.ST
00000
DEC S5
AMOUNT
UNITED STATES
POSTAL SERVICE
$0.55
0000
0002373343
Ms. Maggie Williams
Chief of Staff
Office of the First Lady
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Civil Rights in the Clinton Administration
A Fact Sheet
The announcement of Deval Patrick, a distinguished attorney and
compassionate advocate, as Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights continues
the Clinton Administration's active involvement in civil rights issues.
*
President Clinton has assembled a highly qualified team that includes the
most diverse group of presidential advisers ever to sit in a president's
cabinet. Five African-Americans, two Hispanics, and six women are
members of the Clinton cabinet.
*
A record high 61% of the President's nominees to the federal bench have
been women and minorities.
*
President Clinton broke the gridlock in Washington and signed the
Motor Voter Bill, which expands voting rights for all, including the poor
and the young, by creating new voter registration locations.
*
The President signed into law the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.
which restores protection for religious exercise by restricting
government actions that substantially interfere with religious practices.
*
President Clinton appointed highly-acclaimed civil rights leader
Mary Frances Berry to be chair of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission.
President Clinton's civil rights policy extends beyond enforcing existing civil
rights laws. It seeks to create real opportunity and empowerment. As the President has
said, "The absence of discrimination is not the same thing as the presence of
opportunity."
*
The Clinton civil rights policy emphasizes justice, opportunity. and
empowerment.
*
The Clinton civil rights policy empowers people by providing valuable tools
to help them succeed, such as:
Universal and Guaranteed Health Care
Welfare Reform
Small Business Assistance
Expanded Earned Income Tax Credit
Family & Medical Leave
Affordable Student Loans
Community Development Banks
A Strengthened Community Reinvestment Act
Empowerment Zones
The Clinton Administration's civil rights policy is broad-based and enforced
throughout the entire federal government. No longer does the weight of civil rights
enforcement fall solely on one department's shoulders; every department develops,
implements, and enforces civil rights policy. For example:
The Administration argued in federal court to expand the interpretation of the
Voting Rights Act.
The Justice Department Civil Rights Division filed a record 140 cases last year to
enforce fair housing laws, a 35% increase from the number of cases filed in 1992.
The Department of Housing & Urban Development has aggressively fought to
knock down discriminatory barriers, actively intervening to integrate a once segregated
public housing complex in Vidor, Texas.
*
The Treasury Department, working with the Justice Department, ordered a
Mississippi bank that denied loans because of race to implement a remedial lending
plan for minority customers.
*
The Justice Department obtained an agreement from a South Dakota bank that
charged higher interest rates to Native Americans to compensate minority borrowers
and remedy its lending practices.
*
For the first time since the Age Discrimination Act was passed in 1975, the
Department of Education issued regulations needed to implement the law. Prior
administrations had failed to release the necessary guidelines.
The Labor Department collected over $34.5 million in back pay and other
financial remedies for discrimination victims, an increase of 12% from the year before.
The Department of Health & Human Services helped to develop language for the
Health Security Act that ensures equal access and civil rights protections in health care
reform.
*
The Department of Commerce awarded 15% of its procurement business to
minority-owned businesses in 1993.
*
The Attorney General added 10 new staff people and approved a toll-free hotline
to respond to complaints under the Americans with Disabilities Act. The Justice
Department has awarded technical assistance grants to speed compliance with the ADA
and has resolved complaints to make public accommodations, courtrooms, and other
government and private facilities accessible to people with disabilities.
The Justice Department filed first ever AIDS-related ADA lawsuits, suing dental
offices in Houston and New Orleans for refusing to treat people with HIV and AIDS.
*
The Environmental Protection Agency identified 20 environmental justice pilot
projects to be undertaken across the country to redevelop contaminated sites in low.
income communities and turn them into useable space, creating jobs and enhancing
community development.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
"Building a Full Partnership"
A Fact Sheet on the Clinton Administration
September 15, 1993
One year ago when Governor Bill Clinton participated in the Congressional
Black Caucus Annual Legislative Weekend as a candidate for President, he spoke of
building a "full partnership" with the African American community. He said then
that, if elected President, he would offer his "full participation" and "heartfelt
commitment to progress." This principle still holds true today.
Working with the African American community, including the Congressional
Black Caucus, the Clinton Administration has built a foundation for a full
partnership. President Clinton has appointed more African Americans to senior level
positions than has any President in American history. Five African Americans now
sit in the President's Cabinet, more than in any previous administration. They
include Commerce Secretary Ronald Brown, Agriculture Secretary Mike Espy, Energy
Secretary Hazel O'Leary, Veterans Affairs Secretary Jesse Brown, and Drug Policy
Coordinator Lee Brown. Together, these officials command budgets in excess of $120
billion, supervise close to a half-million federal employees, and make decisions that
affect every facet of American life.
In the White House, the President has appointed African Americans in record
numbers and to unprecedented positions. For the first time, two African American
women, Alexis Herman and Maggie Williams, serve as Assistants to the President
and direct White House departments.
Throughout the agencies and departments, President Clinton has appointed
record numbers of African Americans as well. These appointments include three two
deputy cabinet secretaries:
Terrance
,
Duvernay as Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and Walter
Broadnax as Deputy Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services.
In addition, the President has appointed African Americans to untraditional
positions. For example, Bob Nash serves as Undersecretary of Agriculture. Ron
Noble serves as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement and oversees the
Secret Service. Rodney Slater serves as Administrator of the Federal Highway
Administration. Emmett Paige serves as Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence. Leslie Turner serves as
Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Territorial and International Affairs.
Other appointments include Joycelyn Elders, who directs our nation's public
health programs as Surgeon General and Cassandra Robinson, who serves as Deputy
Administrator of the Small Business Administration. These are only a handful of the
many appointments of African Americans made by President Clinton.
With the partnership of the Congressional Black Caucus, the Administration
has also launched bold, new legislation. Last month, the President signed into law
a new budget that will provide a tax break to small business owners and expand the
Earned Income Tax Credit to lift the working poor out of poverty. The President
pushed for and won the passage of the National Service Act to rebuild our
communities and inspire our youth. The Administration won passage of a bill to
establish Empowerment Zones in our nation's inner cities. And after years of
Washington gridlock, the first piece of legislation the President signed was the
Family & Medical Leave Act to protect working parents from losing their jobs when
they need to take care of a child or a loved one.
In spite of what has been accomplished, there is much more to do. The
Administration plans to put thousands more police officers not only on the streets but
in the community, and it has proposed imposing a five-day waiting period for
handgun purchases. Soon, the President will also announce his plan to reform the
nation's health care system so that finally every American will be guaranteed medical
coverage.
With your help, in full partnership, the Administration can achieve these goals
and continue to build a better America.
The following facts and information highlight just a few of the many examples
of steps President Clinton has taken to fight for the country's future.
APPOINTMENTS
Appointed the most diverse Cabinet and Administration in history.
With four African American members, the Clinton Cabinet is 29% African
American.
Clinton Cabinet-level appointments include:
Jesse Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Lee Brown, Drug Policy Coordinator
Ronald Brown, Secretary of Commerce
Mike Espy, Secretary of Agriculture
Hazel O'Leary, Secretary of Energy
For the first time in history, appointed two African American women (Alexis
Herman as Director of Public Liaison and Maggie Williams as Chief of Staff
to the First Lady) as Assistants to the President.
Appointed more than twice as many African Americans to leadership and
senior staff positions than any previous administration.
Two
Appointed three deputy cabinet secretaries, including
Terrance Duvernay as Deputy Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development, and Walter Broadnax as Deputy
Secretary of Health and Human Services.
Appointed the first African American Surgeon General, Joycelyn Elders.
Appointed an African American, Drew Days, as Solicitor General, the
United States's Chief Advocate before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Appointed Ron Noble Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement.
a role which places him in charge of the U.S. Secret Service.
Appointed Rodney Slater as Administrator of the Federal Highway
Administration.
Nominated the first African American ever as U.S. Attorney for the District
of Columbia, Eric Holder, Jr.
Nominated three African American women, Veronica Coleman of Tennessee
Vickie Miles-LeGrange of Oklahoma, and Gaynelle Griffin-Jones of Texas as
United States Attorneys.
ECONOMY
Passed the single largest deficit-cutting plan in history, reducing the
deficit by $496 billion over five years.
Signed into law the Small Business Guaranteed Credit Enhancement
Act, significantly increasing the availability of loans that can be guaranteed
by the SBA.
Initiated aggressive action to alleviate the credit crunch on small business
and issued more than ten regulatory initiatives to provide small businesses
with more capital at lower interest rates.
Expanded the Earned Income Tax Credit to lift working families out of
poverty with incentives to work. When fully implemented, over 20 million
households with incomes of up to $27,000 will benefit.
Passed the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1993, providing
$4 billion in emergency unemployment compensation to approximately 1.9
million unemployed American workers.
FAMILIES & CHILDREN
Signed the Family and Medical Leave Act, which requires employers to
allow workers up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for an infant or a
loved one in a time of need.
Passed a comprehensive child immunization plan, which includes a 96%
increase in funding, so that every child, regardless of family income, will be
immunized against disease.
Dramatically increased funding for the Women, Infants & Children (WIC)
program.
Enacted key provisions of the Mickey Leland Act, broadening food stamp
assistance for poor families with children.
Achieved $1 billion in funding for the Family Support and Preservation
Initiative that will help prevent child abuse and help parents learn the
skills and tools necessary to raise children.
EDUCATION
Dramatically increased funding for Head Start, with full funding by 1997.
Created the Historically Black College and University Capital Financing
Program, which provides a federal guarantee for private sector bond
financing for the repair and construction of facilities at historically
black colleges and universities.
Created the Institute for International Public Policy, which taps the
talents of underrepresented minorities for the foreign service of the
United States and private international volunteer organizations.
Created the Faculty Development Fellowship Program to make grants to
institutions of higher learning for programs to assist talented faculty from
underrepresented groups obtain advance degrees and develop their careers.
Passed a National Service Act that will give tens of thousands of young
Americans a chance to contribute to their communities while they earn
credit toward their higher education.
Proposed funding for the construction, maintenance, and endowment of the
Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial Fine Arts Center.
Passed the Student Loan Reform Act of 1993, which will make college more
affordable and save taxpayer money through direct federal lending.
Set forth "Goals 2000," a comprehensive national educational reform that
embraces new, world-class learning standards, underscores the link between
education and employment, and encourages bottom-up, not top-down.
educational reform.
VOTING RIGHTS
Signed the Motor Voter Bill, which expands voting rights for the poor and
the young by establishing voter registration locations in drivers license
offices, unemployment offices, and other public facilities.
Argued in court for the expansion of the enforcement of Section 2 of the
Voting Rights Act.
URBAN POLICY
Vigorously enforced the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in Vidor, Texas by
announcing a plan to remove the Orange County Housing Authority Board
of Commissioners and Executive Director for failure to protect black former
residents in this all-white town's public housing community.
Initiated a four-pronged strategy to help integrate East Texas public
housing facilities by increasing security and providing safe access to public
transportation in Vidor, Texas and establishing an oversight office to
monitor desegregation plans throughout East Texas. The plan will be
implemented by the Department of Housing and Urban Development as
part of a new direction for the department.
Granted $300 million to the Urban Revitalization Demonstration Program
(Hope VI) to revitalize the most severely distressed public housing
developments in the nation.
Introduced legislation to create a network of Community Development
financial institutions to provide capital and basic banking services to credit-
starved, low-income communities.
Proposed strengthening the Community Reinvestment Act, which is
designed to encourage banks to lend to members of the community.
Developed a plan to create Empowerment Zones and Enterprise
Communities to encourage business investment in depressed urban areas.
Signed an Executive Order directing the Interagency Council on the
Homeless to develop a plan to make federal homeless programs more
effective to break the cycle of homelessness.
Proposed the "D.C. Initiative," which will create a comprehensive program
for dealing with homelessness in the District of Columbia.
Introduced the Housing and Community Development Act of 1993, which
will significantly change rent policy for public housing and make home
ownership easier for low income Americans.
CRIME
Signed a Presidential Directive to reform federal firearms licensing
procedures by improving background checks and imposing other
security measures to keep guns out of the hands of criminals.
Signed a Presidential Directive to close the loophole on the importation
of assault pistols.
Proposed a five-day waiting period on the purchase of handguns ("The
Brady Bill").
Passed the Police Hiring Supplement, making $150 million available
to communities most in need of community policing.
HEALTH
Created the Office of Minority Health Research and Alternative Medicine at
the National Institutes of Health.
Named the first ever White House AIDS policy coordinator to organize
federal policy to fight the deadly disease.
Revoked the Reagan/Bush "gag rule" that prohibited doctors in
federally-funded facilities and public clinics from even mentioning family
planning to their patients.
Revoked the Reagan/Bush restrictions on family counseling in military
hospitals.
The Health Security Act
HEALTH CARE COVERAGE FOR AFRICAN-AMERICANS
African-Americans face a health care system stacked against them --
they are among those Americans most at risk of going without care and
coverage today. Losing or changing jobs often means losing health insurance,
and African-Americans have one of the highest unemployment rates in the
country. The health of African-Americans is also aggravated by:
African-American infant mortality rates are double (18.5%) those in
white communities (8.1%).
High mortality rates from preventable diseases -- including heart
disease, cancer, and stroke.
Homicide and legal intervention rates which are seven times higher
among African-American males (61.5%) than white males (8.1%).
Guaranteed Comprehensive Benefits
The Health Security Act will guarantee all Americans comprehensive
health care benefits they can never lose. Health alliances and plans
are prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, ethnicity,
gender, religion, or country of origin.
All low income individuals, including those currently eligible for
Medicaid, will be covered by the same comprehensive benefits and will
be offered a choice of health plans.
Alliances will be prevented from creating two-tier systems of care, and
a system for redressing grievances quickly will be required of all plans
and alliances.
Community-Based Investments
Community-based plans that can best address the needs of a particular
community will be encouraged through special incentives, capital
development programs, and public health initiatives.
The Health Security Act
ACADEMIC HEALTH CENTERS
America's Academic Health Centers form a unique national resource,
driving advances in medical sciences and biotechnology. They secure
America's position as the world leader in medical training and specialized
care.
These centers are major employers encompassing a network of
university hospitals, county hospitals, Veterans Administration hospitals,
affiliated community hospitals, and area health education centers. The
Health Security Act will preserve and strengthen the role of Academic Health
Centers which provide front-line health care for residents of rural states and
inner-city communities.
Levels the Playing Field
Universal coverage under the Health Security Act will relieve the
burden of paying for the care of the uninsured that is currently
shouldered by Academic Health Centers.
The costs of education and research in Academic Health Centers will
be eased by a separate pool of funds that will be distributed through a
formula to each eligible center.
Maintains Specialty Services
While most people will not obtain routine health care at an academic
health center, the Health Security Act will ensure that every American
has access to the medically necessary specialized care offered at
academic health centers.
Supports Cutting-Edge Care and Research
Health plans will cover the costs of routine patient care associated
with research conducted in academic health centers. This will enable
academic health centers to continue to develop the advanced and
highly specialized care they provide today, from heart-lung transplants
to laser surgery for brain aneurysms.
January 5, 1994
2/17/94
Ethnicity
AA
AP
H
NA
U
W
Grand total
PAS, PA & SEC
138
31
50
6
286
725
1236
Percentages
11.17%
2.51%
4.05%
0.49%
23.14%
58.66%
SES, C, AD, A and others
318
79
161
14
48
1708
2328
Percentages
13.66%
3.39%
6.92%
0.60%
2.06%
73.37%
Total
456
110
211
20
334
2433
3564
Total Percentages
12.79%
3.09%
5.92%
0.56%
9.37%
68.27%
13%
3%
6%
Less than 1%
9%
68%
African-
Asian/Pacific-
Hispanic
American
American
Native American
Unknown
Caucasian
Ethnicity
Office of Presidential Personnel
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL