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First Lady’s Visit to Moscow, Russia and Minsk, Belarus January 13-16, 1994 [1]
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First Lady’s Visit to Moscow, Russia and Minsk, Belarus January 13-16, 1994 [1]
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Elizabeth "Liz" Bowyer's Files
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Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. report
US Government Report (1 page)
12/29/93
P1/b(1)
002. list
Birthing Class Participants (1 page)
n.d.
b(6)
003. report
US Government Report (1 page)
1/12/94
P1/b(1)
004. report
US Government Report (1 page)
12/6/93
Pl/b(1)
005. report
US Government Report (1 page)
12/6/93
P1/b(1)
006. report
US Government Report (1 page)
6/22/93
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Liz Bowyer
OA/Box Number: 3977
FOLDER TITLE:
First Lady's Visit to Moscow, Russia, Minsk, Belarus January 13 - 16, 1994 [1]
2014-0483-S
sb377
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Moscow
MINSK
1994
THE OF OF UNUM SEALS THE
The First Lady's Visit
to
Moscow, Russia,
Minsk, Belarus
January 13 - 16, 1994
HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON'S
TRAVEL TO
MOSCOW AND MINSK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
MOSCOW
Meet & Greet at Spaso House
Spaso House Scenesetter
Biographies of Mrs. Yeltsin and Mrs. Pickering
"The Other Yeltsin" Washington Post 1/8/94
Savior's Hospital of Peace & Charity
Savior's Hospital of Peace & Charity Background/Event Information
Roundtable Participants & Discussion Questions
Magee-Savior Partnership
Magee-Womens Hospital (Pittsburgh, PA) Background
U.S. Medical Equipment and Supplies - Overview of Humanitarian
Assistance to Savior's Hospital and Children's Hospital #4
Biography of Mrs. Lukin
Kremlin Tour w/ Mrs. Yeltsin
Lunch w/ Prominent Women
Luncheon Participants
Menu
Status of Women in the Russian Federation
"Women in Russia" Political Party
"Equality: Union City Blues" The Guardian 4/23/93
"Women Seeking Parliament Seats Run Smack into Prejudice" L.A.
Times 11/26/93
Tour of Red Square/Photo-Op at St. Basil's Cathedral
President's Speech at Ostankino Television Station
State Dinner (Prepared for the President)
Biographies of President Yeltsin, Ambassador Pickering, Finance
Minister Fedorov, and Foreign Minister Kozyrev
Continued
Meeting w/ Embassy Staff & Marine Security Guards (Prepared for the
President. You are expected to make brief remarks similar to those you
made to the Embassy staff in Japan & Korea)
Departure Ceremony (Prepared for the President)
Background Information - General
Fact Sheet on Russia
Russian Customs & Manners
Courtesy Phrases in Russian & Belarusian
Life for Americans in Russia
Public Image of Mrs. Clinton in Russia
"Hillary's forthright manner wins her popularity with the Am erican
public..." Moscow News 6/9/93
"Making deals in a scared new world; U.S. firms find Russians difficult
business partners" Star Tribune 11/1/93
"Paranoia Looms in Russia's Pulpit" Observer 1/9/94
"Emotional Barriers to Democracy are Daunting" L.A. Times 10/27/93
Background Information - Health
Health Issues in the Russian Federation
U.S. Assistance to the NIS Health Care Sector
"Soviet Medicine Before and After the Fall" Harvard Medical Alumni
Bulletin Summer 1992
"To Bear Children or Not - That is the Question" Russica 2/25/93
MINSK
Arrival Ceremony w/ the President and CVC
Biographies of Ambassador Swartz, Chairman and Mrs. Shushkevich
Kuropaty Memorial
Children's Hospital #4
Children's Hospital #4 Background
Event Participants & Discussion Questions
Pittsburgh-Minsk Partnership
Children'sHospital of Pittsburgh Background
Ballet Performance of "Carmina Burana"
"Carmina Burana" Information
Belarusian Ballet
Meeting w/ Embassy Staff in Minsk (Prepared for the President)
Background Information - General
Fact Sheet on Belarus
Belarusian Customs & Manners
Life for Americans in Belarus
Public Image of Mrs. Clinton
Women in Belarus
Belarus & Chernobyl
"Russia's Nuclear Nightmare" Toronto Star 9/11/92
Background Information - Health
Health Care in Belarus
"Health Care Policy Issues" CDC Medical Working Group Experts'
Delegation to the CIS (Belarus)
"Initiatives to Improve Pediatric Health Care in the Republic of Belarus"
(Written by Dr. Foley of Children's Hospital - Pittsburgh)
Meet & Greet
at Spaso House
SCENESETTER
SPASO HOUSE
MOSCOW
Spaso House has been the residence of American Ambassadors in
Moscow since the establishment of diplomatic relations between
the United States and the Soviet Union in 1933. Spaso House's
name is derived from the park on which it borders,
"Spasopeskovskaya Ploshchad" (which is Russian for "Saviour of
the Sands Square"). The park, in turn, is named after a small
18th century Russian Orthodox Church which also borders on the
square. Spaso House is located ten minutes from the Embassy and
not far from the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the
Kremlin. The area immediately surrounding Spaso House was
inhabited in the 17th century by the Tsar's dog-keepers and
falconers.
Spaso House was built in 1914 by Nikolay Aleksandrovich Vtorov, a
wealthy merchant and manufacturer, and designed by architects
Adamovich and Mayat. The building, in New Empire Style, has
changed very little in basic appearance, except for the addition
of a one-story ballroom wing in the 1930's. The first floor
representational area includes the main reception hall, (the
Chandelier room - 82 feet long with a tremendously high, domed
ceiling), flanked by the Oval Dining Room, the State Dining Room
and the Music Room - an extension of the main reception hall
separated only by a pillared archway. Before the Americans
occupied Spaso House, a number of notable Soviet revolutionaries
used the mansion, including Chicherin, the Soviet Union's first
Foreign Minister.
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. report
US Government Report (1 page)
12/29/93
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Liz Bowyer
OA/Box Number: 3977
FOLDER TITLE:
First Lady's Visit to Moscow, Russia, Minsk, Belarus January 13 - 16, 1994 [1]
2014-0483-S
sb377
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA|
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA
an agency l(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA}
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA|
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
BIOGRAPHY OF ALICE S. PICKERING
Alice Stover Pickering was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania. She
received a Bachelor's Degree from Swathorne College, a Master's
Degree in International Affairs from the Fletcher School of Law
and Diplomacy, and a Master's Degree in Library Science from
Catholic University.
She was a Foreign Service Officer with the United States
Information Service and served in the Hague, Netherlands before
her marriage to Thomas R. Pickering. They have two children,
Timothy and Margaret. Mrs. Pickering has lived overseas on her
husband's assignments to Switzerland, Zanzibar and
Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania, Jordan, Nigeria, El Salvador,
Israel, India and at the United Nations in New York.
While in Washington, she has worked as a reference librarian
with the Fairfax County Library. Her special interests are
history, literature, and archaeology. She speaks French and
Spanish.
SATURDAY JANUARY 8. 1994
THE ARTS/TELEVISION/LEISURE
C
The Washington Post
THE OTHER YELTSIN
The Shy First Lady Who Lives.
Like the Rest of the Russians
By Helen Boldyreff Semier
Special to The Washington Post
MOSCOW
aina Yeltsin leans closer. tightening the grip
N
of her hands in her lap. "We live in fear for my
husband's life," she says. The softly contoured
face with typically Russian high cheekbones.
framed by cropped russet hair, is amazingly fresh and
unlined. The eyes are serious, but serene. There is no
pathos, only a terse statement of fact.
Long after the October storming of the White
House. the parliament building in Moscow. by troops
loyal to her husband, Naina Yeltsin still finds it hard to
talk about the days when Russia stood on the brink of
civil war. "It was terrible." she says, worse than any-
thing else she had lived through in a lifetime of political
tumult.
At midday on Sunday, Oct. 3. Boris Yeltsin. the first
democratically elected president of Russia. left the da-
cha outside Moscow that the Yeltsins had reluctantly
taken over from the Gorbachevs ("Who in the world
needs that many bathrooms, TV sets and servants?"
asks Naina). She heard from him only once during the
3-day crisis as he worked feverishly in the Kremlin on
the strategy for ending the mutiny.
Boris Yeltsin had waited tense weeks in the hope of
a peaceful solution, but when the demonstrators at-
tacked the main TV station. and Vice President Alex-
ander Rutskoi, hero of the Afghanistan war, asked his
followers to charge the Kremlin. Yeltsin knew that he
had to act.
"We did not close our eyes that Sunday rught."
Elena, the elder of the Yeltsin daughters. says.
But by Monday afternoon, Boris Yeltsin had survived
yet another crisis.
When President and Mrs. Clinton visit Moscow next
week, the world may get a rare glimpse of Naina Yelt-
sin. Throughout the remarkable political odyssey of
Boris Yeltsin, his wife has maintained a discreet profile.
She has shown no desire to emulate Raisa Gorbachev
in garnering publicity and notoriety.
Naina and Boris Yeltsin represent a different Rus-
sian world from that of the Gorbachevs, or, for that
matter, such Communist luminaries as Lenin. Trotsky
and Stalin. They are both engineers. builders eager to
complete a project quickly and safely, and they are un-
interested in seeking an ideological justification for
what they are doing. Boris appears rarely on television
and then his pronouncements are terse. Naina shuns
the Russian media and scrupulously avoids the ceremo-
nial functions required of an American First Lady. "I
am only the president's wife." she says. "I shudder
when people call me the First Lady."
Indeed. there is little time in Naina Yeltsin's day for
ribbon-cutting. In addition to traveling with her hus-
band and taking part in official entertainment. there is
the exhausting shopping. cooking and baby-sitting her
grandchildren. 'The voke of everyday
Hight will fall on Naina Yeltsin this week. but she would prefer it if her hushand were just an ordinary man.
to conveying her personal gratitude to
Moscow Retreat
Russia
the Clintons for the strong 1 taken
his guards were going to kill him. B
in support of her husband during the
In a four-room apartment in an un-
Yeltsin went, pumped full of Valiur
fateful days of October.
fashionable section of the city, Naina
and carried on a stretcher by four KG
The upcoming meeting will be Nama
Yeltsin has re-created the family
agents. After his dismissal, thousanc
Yeltsin's third encounter with a U.S.
home. The Yeltsins Irved there with
First
of letters and telegrams.
from
president and First Lady. The first was
daughter Tanya and her husband and
Sverdlovsk. poured in. Yeltsin too
with Barbara Bush. She displays proud-
their only grandson. 12-year-old Bo-
heart and recovered.
ty a large tramed photograph taken of
ris, until recently. when they were
During the attempted coup agains
the two women in June 1992 in Wash-
forced for security reasons to spend
Gorbachev in August 1991, Nain
Lady
ington. "She is terrific," she says of
most of their time at the dacha. Even
Yeltsm again heard only once in thre
Mrs. Bush.
by Moscow standards. the apartment
days from her husband, who was holex
A high point of that visit was the
IS nothing special. Seated facing the
up in the parliament building. A radio
luncheon at Mount Vernon in Naina
television, Naina Yeltsin pats the arm
report falsely said that the hard-line
YELTSIN. From G1
Yeltsin's honor. She kept thinking of
of a comfortable red velvet chair.
Communist plotters had overrun the
us," she says. "For Russian women
the parallel between her husband and
"It needs reupholstering," she says.
White House. "My heart stopped." she
who work. keep house and raise chil-
George Washington. who had said. 1
"In fact, all of our furniture needs re-
says. She told her daughters not to
aren. the quest for the barest necessi-
walk on untrodden ground." Just as ev-
upholstering. We brought it with us
wake the grandchildren. If they were
ues of life is a horrendous experience."
erything Washington did set the prece-
from Sverdlovsk." She surveys the so-
to be shot. she decided. they should die
She has other reasons for avoiding
dent for future U.S. presidents, she
ta and several more chairs covered in
in their sleep.
public statements. "Everything I do or
thought, Boris Yeltsin was creating
the same fabric. "It's old but homey."
"I prayed." she says.
-ay as the president's wife is made into
precedents for the course of Russian
she says.
in intrigue and is then held against my
democracy.
The same simplicity describes
The New Russia
husband. I don't want to add to his bur-
Naina Yeltsin. She wears little jewelry
dens. We made a deal long ago that I
'A Family of Technocrats'
For Naina Yeltsin, Moscow is a
would not mix our family life with poli-
Born Anastasia Girina to a family of
and dresses in subdued clothes made
Lics. But I long to do something for
poor peasants in the southeastern
locally. Warm and unassuming, she
"suffocating" place full of dirty intrigue
children."
Russian town of Orenburg in 1932.
says she dreads causing problems for
against her husband.
Her dream. she confided a year ago,
the young Naina knew work. privation
anyone. But she is always the analyti-
"In Moscow," she says. "my hus-
is of a dental clinic for children. "Our
and political repression. Her father
cal engineer, wanting to know how
band's hair turned white. In Moscow,
dental care is a disaster. There are no
survived Stalin's brutal collectivization
things run. Although she is an art lov-
I also stopped believing in commu-
proper painkillers. the drills are anu-
of Russian agriculture. though the
er, when she visited the National Gal-
nism." She soured on the system
quated and children blanch at the sight
family's crucial farm livestock was
lery of Art in Washington last year.
when she came to know the lifestyle
of
a
dentist.
But what can I do? I
confiscated. But if Naina's family fared
the innovative architecture of the East
of the country's elite: special stores.
cannot trouble my husband with this.
better than that of Boris's. whose (a-
Building roof caught her attention as
limousines. private chrics, all spiced
We need so many things in Russia."
ther was taken from his farm and
much as the exhibit she saw. When
with venomous backbiting.
Naina Yeltsin's dream was conveyed
shot. tragedy lurked in its future. The
she visited a soup kitchen with Barba-
Today she is an optimist. She sees
to Hillary Rodham Clinton. who asked
father she adored was killed in 1968
ra Bush. she was not satisfied until she
her children's generation forging
Ambassador Richard Armitage to ar-
as he stood in the way of a drunken
had mastered all the details-the ca-
ahead despite the chaos. She wornes
range for dental equipment to be sent
motorcyclist to protect her mother.
loric content of the food. the number
most about the losers in the difficult
from a U.S. Army post in-Germany to
Naina Girina and Boris Yeltsin met
of people fed each day, the cost of the
transition from state monopoly to pri-
the Moscow Central Institute of Sto-
at the Ural Polytechnical Institute in
program.
vate enterprise. These are the pen-
matology. More was to come: 40 con-
Sverdlovsk, one of the Soviet Union's
In her own kitchen she cooks her
sioners, the old. the sick whose sav-
tainers of medical equipment and sup-
leading engineering schools. They re-
ings have been wiped out by inflation,
plies worth more than $4 million were
specialty, the Siberian dumplings
n route to Children's Hospital No. 1 in
ceived their degrees in construction
called pelemeni, her family's favorite
those who have lost their jobs in un-
ascow. This facility is being remod-
engineering in 1956. Boris Yeltsin
dish. Bons will arrive at 10 p.m. or
profitable state industries.
wrote in his memoirs: "I fell in love
ed through a joint project of Norfolk
later, eat, watch the late news and
In the long run. she IS convinced
with her then. tenderhearted and
Children's Hospital and a foundation
then resume work. Naina sleeps only
that Russia, with its human. natural
set up by National Symphony Orches-
good, for the rest of my life. She ac-
when be does-which is about four
and technological resources and its
tra conductor Mstislav Rostropovich,
cepted me the way I was. stubborn
hours a night.
high level of education. will provide a
who gave a concert in Red Square a
and prickly."
She worries very much about her
good future for her grandchildren if.
week after the storming of the Russian
As Boris made his way up the Soviet
husband. Many years ago she watched
not her children. But the transition to
White House. All in all. as part of Oper-
ladder. Nama concentrated on their fam-
him climb onto a huge crane careen-
democracy, to a system that permits
ation Provide Hope. nine Russian hos-
ily and on supervising large projects for
ing about in a blinding rainstorm. "Get
the peoples of Russia to be heard. IS
pitals will receive $38 million worth of
down." she screamed. "the crane will
absolutely essential in her view.
equipment and supplies from hospitals
the Institute of Waterways in Sverd-
collapse." But Yeltsin. then working
Many deputies opposed a new con-
being dismanted by the Army's 7th
lovsk. now rebaptized Ekaterinburg.
on his first construction project, kept
stitution. Naina Yeltsin says, because
Medical Command in Germany.
There were not many free moments for
climbing. He brought the huge con-
"it is more difficult to govern men in a
the Yeltsins in Sverdlovsk, especially af-
in addition. after the First Ladies
traption under control. For years af-
democratic state than under the old
ter their daughters were born, Elena in
terward. Nama had nightmares about
meet next week. work may begin on
totalitarian rule. In democracy people
1957 and Tanya in 1959. They celebrat-
Boris being crushed by a crane.
the first private U.S.-Russian hospital
speak. think. vote. make decisions.
ed Sundays at the Bolshoi Ural restau-
in Moscow, under their joint chairman-
He has faced other dangers as well.
The power must be legitimate. This is
rant. where they ordered ice cream for
At the Oct. 21. 1987, Central Commit-
ship.
why my husband wants a new consti-
all Holidays were fun-filled escapes of
The two women have met before.
tee meeting, Yeltsin complained that
tution for Russia."
camping, hiking and boating. Elena fot
during the Tokyo G-7 summit last July.
Gorbachev's reforms were moving too
She defends her husband against
lowed her parents' example and became
Naina Yeitsin was unpressed with Hal-
slowly and that his efforts in Moscow
accusations of "dismembering" the So-
a construction engineer: Tanya became
Lary Clinton. whom she describes as an
were being sabotaged. He went too far.
viet Union. of being a dictator. "Dicta-
a computer technician. We are a family
"American woman of the new genera-
His colleagues deserted him. On Nov. 9,
of technocrats," says Naina. The Yelt-
tors want power for power's sake."
tion, on top of her job both as the presi-
he collapsed and was rushed to a hospi-
sins moved to Moscow in 1986, when
she says. "Yeltsin seeks power to um-
dent's wife and as a lawyer
I
tal with severe chest pains, shattered
can-
Gorbachev summoned Yeltsin to the
prove the lot of his people."
not tell you how much I admire her."
nerves and a splitting headache.
prestigious position of first secretary of
Both professionals and both wives of
While Naina was in the hospital with
But she is against his running for
Moscow's Communist Party Commit-
president again. 1 personally would
provincial politicians who became
Boris, a call came from the Kremin-
tee.
prefer him to be just an ordinary
heads of state. the women found many
Gorbachev insisted that the sick Yelt-
common interests during their Tokyo
Gorbachev made a serious mistake.
man." she says.
sin come to a meeting of the Moscow
talks. Above all, Naina Yeltsin praised
The "stubborn and prickly" Yeltsin
Communist Party Committee at which
Helen Boldyreff Semler, a business
Mrs. Clinton's work on health care.
broke all party big-shot rules by taking
he would be dismissed as first secre-
the Moscow trolleys and letting his
consultant on Russia and author of
She is eager to show Mrs. Clinton
tary. Naina pleaded. saying that she
the new facilities at the Central Insti-
wife stand in the long lines at the
saw no point in Yeltsin being guarded if
the guidebook "Discovering Moscow.
stores. He wanted to know firsthand
served as the State Department
tute of Stomatology. She also hopes to
the living conditions of the 9 million
interpreter for Mrs. Bush at her
introduce her to Russian culture, the
art and the music that require no inter-
Muscovites. They in turn appreciated
meetings with Naina Yeltsin.
retation. She is particularly keen on
his willingness to share their problems.
wing the paintings of late-19th-cen-
Soon he became the most popular poli-
Russian masters. virtually un-
tician in the Soviet Union.
own to the American public.
And Naina Yeltsin is looking forward
Savior Hospital
JAN-11-1994 17:20
HOSCOW STAFF OFFICE
30502
P.008
VISIT OF THE FIRST LADY
TO
MOSCOW, RUSSIA
EVENT:
Saviour's Hospital of Peace & Charity
DATE:
Friday, January 14, 1994
TIME:
10:00 a.m.
PRESS:
Pool
SCENARIO:
Dr. Goldberg, Irma Goertzen and Mrs. Lukeena greet
Mrs. Clinton and Mrs. Yeltsin curbside at the
Pediatric Building.
They proceed inside the building on the first
level. They turn left down the south wing of the
hospital to view the equipment room. Mrs.
Yeltsin, Mrs. Clinton and Dr. Goldberg enter the
room first. After a few minutes, the other
participants of the tour may proceed into the
equipment room.
Upon leaving the equipment room, Mrs. Clinton and
Mrs. Yeltsin turn left returning in the direction
they came in. They proceed up to the third floor
up the center stairs of the hospital which are
near the point of entrance to the Pediatric
Building.
On the third floor, Mrs. Clinton & Mrs. Yeltsin
turn left down the south wing of the hospital.
Half way down the hall, they come to the patient
room on the left.
Patient Room:
The patient room will contain the
equipment/furniture that was donated to the
hospital from the U.S. Three beds will be
positioned on the lefthand side of the room with
children in them. The press will be positioned
on the righthand side of the room.
Upon entering the room, Mrs. Clinton and Mrs.
Yeltsin will meet and greet with the three
children with the child in the middle bed serving
as the main focus.
JAN-11-1994 17:21
MOSCOW STAFF OFFICE
30502 P.009
Mrs. Clinton & Mrs. Yeltsin will exit the patient
room and proceed directly across the hall to the
birthing class.
Birthing Class:
The participants (pregnant mothers and fathers) in
the birthing class will be seated in a "U."
Approximately 8-10 participants. The instructor
will be at the top (or center) of the "U." There
will be chairs seated next to the instructor mixed
in with the class for Mrs. Yeltsin and Mrs.
Clinton.
The ladies proceed to the chairs to participate in
the birthing class.
The ladies exit the birthing class, turn right and
proceed down the hall. At the end of the hall on
the left, they come to the room where the
roundtable discussion will be held.
Upon leaving the roundtable discussion, the ladies
will turn right, then turn left down the stairs to
the first floor. At the bottom of the stairs, in
the hallway, Mrs. Clinton and Mrs. Yeltsin will be
greeted by the Savior's Hospital Church choir who
will sing a short song for the ladies.
The ladies then proceed left down the hallway,
turn right and exit through the door they entered
through.
SAVIOR'S HOSPITAL FOR PEACE AND CHARITY
BACKGROUND:
Savior's Hospital for Peace and Charity, formerly Municipal
Hospital Number 70, is a 1,100 bed facility, specializing in
maternity, neonatal and pediatric care, general and
specialty surgery and internal medicine. Established 35
years ago, in 1950, the hospital employs 300 physicians and
a staff of 1,200. Chief physician of Savior's Hospital for
Peace and Charity is Alexander Goldberg, MD, who joined the
hospital staff nine years ago as chief of surgery and held
that position for three years before becoming chief
administrator.
Until 1992 Savior's Hospital for Peace and Charity was known
as Municipal Hospital Number 70. The hospital is situated
on grounds with a 300 year old Russian Orthodox Church. The
church was built by a nobel Russian family and used by
ordinary people until 1941 when it was taken over by the
Russian military which used the church for some time to
train police dogs. The church was reopened in 1991. The
joint venture between the hospital and the church was
blessed by the Patriarch Alexey II and the new name of the
hospital reflects both the relationship with the church and
the expanded mission of the hospital.
MRS. YELTSIN:
Mrs. Yeltsin will be announcing the donation of bassinets to
the hospital. Further information concerning the
procedure of the donation and the number of the items to
be donated is not available.
ICON GIFT:
A priest from Savior's Church will be presenting you with an
icon that a member of the church has made. The figure that
is on the icon is Patriarch Tikhon, a saint of the Russian
Orthodox Church. He is glorified in the Russian Orthodox
religion, because he was the first Patriarch of the Russian
Orthodox Church since 1700, when Peter the Great dissolved
the Patriarchy. He has been chosen as the image on this
icon because of the years that he spent in the United States
Tikhon, whose full name was Vasili Ivanovich Belavin, was
born in the Pskov region of Russia in 1865. In 1898 he was
sent to Poland as bishop. The following year he was sent to
New York, where he remained as Bishop of the Russian
Orthodox Church until 1907. Among his many accomplishments
while in the United States were the founding of a seminary
in Minneapolis, and the creation of the Tikhonovsky
Monastery in Scranton Pennsylvania. In 1907, he opened the
first Russian Orthodox church in North America, in
Mainfield, Alaska. He returned to Russia in 1907 where
he was made Patriarch of Moscow. In 1917 he became
Patriarch of all of Russia and died in 1925. He was
canonized and made a saint in 1989.
ROUNDTABLE PARTICIPANTS AT HOSPITAL
Mrs. Clinton
Mrs. Yeltsin
Dr. Alexander Goldberg
President, Savior's Hospital of
Peace and Charity
Dr. Goldberg has been the chief physician of Savior's
Hospital for six years. He came to the hospital as
chief of surgery nine years ago and held that position
for three years before becoming chief administrator.
Mrs. Irma Goertzen (gert-zen) President, Magee International
Hospital
Mrs. Goertzen has been in the health care industry for
37 years. She earned both a Bachelor of Science in
Nursing and a Master's degree in Administration from
the University of Washington, Seattle. She served as
the Administrator at the University of Washington
Hospital for five years, as one of the first women to
serve in that role in a major teaching hospital before
becoming the President and Chief Executive Officer at
Magee Womens Hospital. Goertzen is nationally known in
health care. She is a widely travelled speaker and
consultant. She has been appointed to the National
Advisory Council on Nurse Training of the Health
Resources Administration, as well as being one of the
first women to serve on the Washington State Board of
Health.
Tanya Kotys (coat-is)
Program Director, Magee-Womencare
International
Ms. Kotys is the program coordinator for the Moscow-
based Magee-Savior's health partnership since is
creation in 1992. Womencare International is the
humanitarian assistance arm of Magee Womens Hospital in
Pittsburgh. Ms. Kotys has also worked extensively as a
program design consultant for international development
projects, illustrating her dedication to teaching,
community affairs and women's health issues.
Dr. Vadim Lopukhin (lop-u-keen)
Deputy Chief, OBGYN,
Savior's Hospital
Dr. Lopukhin has held his position at Savior's Hospital
for five years. He also teaches at the Semashko
Medical Institute. His subspeciality is high-risk
pregnancies for women with heart disease.
Dr.Yelena Burtseva (bert-seeva)
OBGYN & President, Women
& Family Foundation
Dr. Burtseva has been a obstetrician gynecologist with
Savior's Hospital since 1982. In April of 1993, she
became president of Savior's newly formed "Women &
Family Foundation," a non-profit auxiliary dedicated to
supporting the work of the hospital through community
service and by raising funds through such activities as
craft sales.
*Dr. *Dr.Ivan Ivan Leshkevich (lesh-ca-vich)
Deputy Director,
Maternal & Child
Health, Moscow Health
Department
Dr. Larissa Kuzmenko
Pediatrician
Dr. Kuzmenko has been with Savior Hospital for two
years, and has a subspeciality in endocrinology for
newborns. She is also a professor at the Gemashko
Medical Institute.
*Eduard Nechaev (ne-chy-ev) Minister of Health, Russian
Federation
Irina Pisareva (pease-a-reeva)
Midwife, Savior's
Hospital
Ms. Pisareva is an instructor with the Women and Family
Education Center, teaching prepared child birth
classes at a regional textile factory. Prior to
joining the education center, she worked at Savior's
for five years as a midwife on the postpartum unit.
*
denotes the members Mrs. Yeltsin specifically requested.
Outer ring participants:
Mrs. Bentsen
Mrs. Pickering
Mrs Lukina
Pam Golden
Director of Communications, Magee Hospital
Bernice Bennett
American International Health Alliance
Rebecca Kalisher
American International Health Alliance
Dr. Sibirsky (sa-beer-sky)
The U.S. Embassy Local Advisor
and good friend of Mrs.
Yeltsin.
Dr. Jack Lesar (le-zar)
Project Specialist, Agency for
International Development
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Birthing Class Participants (1 page)
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COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Liz Bowyer
OA/Box Number: 3977
FOLDER TITLE:
First Lady's Visit to Moscow, Russia, Minsk, Belarus January 13 - 16, 1994 [1]
2014-0483-S
sb377
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - (44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA|
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION
In setting up the roundtable discussion with the Magee and Savior hospital
administrators, the advance team characterized this meeting as an opportunity for
you and Mrs. Yeltsin to learn 1) about the Magee-Savior Partnership, 2) the status
and problems confronting Russia's health care system, and 3) Magee-Savior's
equipment, medical and support needs.
The Magee-Savior partnership, which was initiated in the spring of 1992, has the
following objectives: to develop a culturally-sensitive model of improved obstetric
care which can be easily and economically replicated throughout Russia; to develop a
model consumer and community education program for women and their families; to
strengthen health care administration; and, to encourage the growth of the Russian
voluntary sector as it pertains to women's issues.
QUESTIONS
1.
In the nearly two years since this partnership started, how has the partnership
operated and what do you believe are your most significant achievements?
2.
What special considerations were necessary in developing a "culturally-
sensitive model of improved obstetric care"? Can the same model be used in
Moscow as elsewhere in Russia or do additional concerns need to be factored
in?
3.
One of your goals has been to develop a consumer and community education
program for women and their families. Since the concept of being a
"consumer" is still working its way into the Russian consciousness, what
special considerations have been necessary to work into the program?
4
What advice do you have for any other hospitals wishing to participate in a
similar partnership?
5.
What further medical equipment, supplies and support are needed to continue
what you've started? What are the barriers to further accomplishing your
goals?
MAGEE WOMANCARE
INTERNATIONAL
In March 1992, Magee-Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania began an unprecedented
program to improve health care conditions for women and infants in the former Soviet Union.
Working in partnership with the second largest hospital in Moscow, Savior's Hospital for Peace and
Charity (formerly Municipal Hospital #70), Magee-Womens Hospital Is proud to be one of the 21
American hospitals participating In the U.S. AID's health partnerships program of the American
International Health Alliance.
The Magee-Savior's partnership is also a recipient of an estimated $3 million dollars in medical
equipment distributed to the former Soviet Union through the U.S. State Department's Operation
Provide Hope.
As a world leader in women's health, Magee-Womens Hospital is responding to the needs of
Russian women:
to develop a culturally-sensitive model of improved obstetric care which can be easily and
economically replicated throughout the former Soviet Union
to develop a model consumer and community education program for women and their families
to strengthen health care administration
to encourage the growth of the Russian voluntary sector as it pertains to women's issues.
Results. 1992 . 1993
Legal registration of the Russian non-profit "Woman & Family Foundation," the first non-
government fundraising arm affiliated with a Russian hospital.
Establishment of the "Woman and Family Center": opened July 1993, innovative education
programs to Russian women and their families. Currently offering childbirth preparation,
general health, and infant massage. 6 childbirth educators trained and registered with the
International Childbirth Educators Association (ICEA) Serving eastern region of Moscow and
two outlying rural areas: presently averaging 125 Russian women per week.
Printing and distribution of educational materials: Pregnancy Guide & Calendar. Family
Planning, Conception, Women's Health brochures & Breast Self-Exam cards.
Joint construction planning and funding obtained for renovated birth house with Western
standards and a model of improved obstetric care. Target: 3,000 births and 350 Russian
obstetricians trained annually.
100 Russian professionals trained in basic infection control technique.
Over 80 Russian professionals trained In family-centered childbirth model.
9 exchange trips resulting In over 1,000 clinical training hours in obstetrics & gynecology.
Model of new health care administration: management training & planning practice, over
400 training hours.
Dissemination Conference planned January 1994 in collaboration with the Moscow Main
Medical Administration: Partners in Birth, the Role of Labor Support in the Medical
Management of Labor. Expected attendance: 150 Russian obstetricians and midwives.
Co-sponsorship of the Moscow Celebration of Women, May 1994, Speakers, workshops, and
exhibits for Russian women. Guest speakers include Ella Pamfelova, Minister of Social Welfare
for the Russian Federation.
119/641-1189
FAX 412/641-4949
page 2
Resources
first 21 months of program operation
AID total funding (U.S. government)
$ 215,000
Russian government funding (Moscow Main)
$ 500,000 (ruble equivalent)
for birth house construction
Magee-Womens Hospital in-kind funding
$ 300,000
Private sector funding, individual & corporate
$ 40,000 (cash)
Private sector in-kind funding
$ 600,000
Russian Government Support
The Magee-Savior's partnership is supported by the Moscow Main Medical Administration. A
certification program for educators and labor support personnel trained by the Woman and
Child Center is offered through Dr. Yuni Bloshanskil, Chief Obstetriclan/Gynecologist, City of
Moscow. The Administration has provided the ruble equivalent of $500,000 in support of birth
house reconstruction.
The Magoe-Savior's partnership is personally endorsed by Vice Minister of Health Vaganov,
Ministry of Health of the Russlan Federation.
U.S. Contacts:
Magee-Women Hospital
300 Halket Street
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Irma Goertzen, President & CEO 412-641-4010
Tanya Kotys, Coordinator
412-641-1189
Russian Contacts:
Savior's Hospital for Peace and Charity
17 Federativnli Prospekt
Moscow, Russia 111396
Alexander Goldberg, M.D., President
304-49-39
Woman and Family Center
301-15-02
Rachel Mays, Magee Representative
Marina Korotyenina, M.D., Director
American International Health Alliance
1212 New York Ave., N.W.
Suite 750
Washington D.C. 20005
Phone: (202) 789-1136
Fax: (202) 789-1277
PITTSBURGH - Moscow PARTNERSHIP
US Partner Representative:
Russian Partner Representative:
Irma E. Goertzen
Alexander Goldberg, M.D.
President and CEO
President and Chief Physician
Magee Women's Hospital
Savior's Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Moscow, Russia
US Partner Institution:
Magee-Women's Hospital is a large teaching facility affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Schools of
Medicine and Nursing. One of the nation's foremost hospitals, Magee serves as the regional referral center
for high-risk pregnancies and neonatal care for 10 counties surrounding Pittsburgh.
Russian Partner Institution:
The free-standing birth house of Savior's Hospital for Peace and Charity, the second-largest municipal
hospital in Moscow, is the Russian partner. Savior's Hospital recently began the Foundation for Peace and
Charity with the Russian Orthodox Church to enable hospital care for pensioners and others who are not
dequately covered by state health care programs.
Areas of Partnership Focus:
Maternal and Child Health
Consumer and Community Education
Health Care Administration
Volunteer and Non-profit Development
Birthing House Operation
Partnership Progress through November, 30, 1993:
Memorandum of Understanding signed:
December, 1992
Implementation Plan completed:
February, 1993
Partnership Milestones
December, 1992
The first Russian delegation arrived in Pittsburgh to develop partnership goals
based on their common interest in developing a modern regional Birthing
House facility at Savior's.
January, 1993
An American delegation conducted workshops on infection control, birth
house staffing, and family-centered childbirth, while reviewing facility plans
with Russian hospital administrators. In addition, they met with staff
members from Women's World magazine who have raised close to 700,000
rubles for the project through monthly magazine appeals.
March, 1993
An American delegation traveled to Moscow to provide organizational
guidance to the Birth House Voluntary Auxiliary.
April, 1993
The Chief of Pediatrics and the Director of Educational Program at Savior's
Birth House arrived in Pittsburgh for clinical training in new born pediatrics
and curriculum development.
May, 1993
An American delegation arrived in Moscow to assist in administrative and
financial planning and business plan developments.
June-December, 1993
Printing and distribution of educational materials: Pregnancy Guide &
Calendar, Family Planning, Conception, Women's Health Brochures and
Breast Self-Exam cards.
July, 1993
Establishment of the "Woman and Family Center," for innovative education
programs to Russian women and their families. Currently offering childbirth
preparation, gen. health and infant massage. Serves eastern region of
Moscow and two outlying rural areas, averaging 125 Russian women per
week. The Main Moscow Medical Administration also donated the ruble
equivalent of $500,000 in support of the reconstruction of a birthing house as
a model of Western standards and improved obstetric care.
September, 1993
A cooperative agreement in community health education was formed with
Johnson & Johnson for a mobil education van to travel to different sites in
Moscow and environs to distribute vaccines and other materials.
October, 1993
Dr. Goldberg traveled to Pittsburgh and Washington to make a presentation
on the partnership's successes in obstetrics and strategies for dissemination at
the AIHA Fall Partnership Conference.
October, 1993
The director of a rural factory contacted Savior's hospital to request a pre-
natal health care class for local women. As a result, two Russian health
educators began traveling once a week to this rural village to teach pre-natal
care and to offer labor and birth workshops according to the methods they
learned from their colleagues in Pittsburgh.
November, 1993
Tania Coates, Magee Project Coordinator, assisted in the distribution of
21,000 pediatric DPT vaccines, donated by the National Institute of Health,
to children at polyclinics, hospitals and public schools in Moscow.
January, 1994
Dissemination Conference planned in collaboration with the Moscow Main
Medical Administration: "Partners in Birth, the Role of Labor Support in the
Medical Management of Labor." Expected attendance: 150 Russian
obstetricians and midwives.
Person Trips:
32
Person days:
in Pittsburgh -- 240
in Moscow -- 418
In-kind Contribution:
$595,031
AIHA -- USAID Contribution:
$357,823
1993 Project Total:
$952,854
1994 Estimated Projected Total:
$1.15 million
12:06
FROM
MAGEE
ATHING
PATION
TO
92024562239 P.02
Kactee-Womens Hospital
Magee-Womens Hospital is in acute care, teaching and research
hospital, and one of viary ew specialty hospitals nationwide
devoted to the health care 01 women and infants.
Magee provides obstetrical, mecnatal, gynecological and
gynecological-oncological services for residents of Western
Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio and Northern West Virginia. It is the
only Level III perinatal hospital in a 10-county area of
Southwestern Pennsylvaria providing high-risk pregnancy care, and
its Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is the largest in Pennsylvania,
with approximately 1,200 infants admitted each year.
Mcre than 9,000 babies are born at Magee each year, making the
hospital one of the largest private obstetrical services in the
United States.
Because of its high patient volume, and its position as the
Ob/Gyn teaching hospital of the University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Magee is a national leader in research in the areas of
women's and newborn health.
The Magee-Womers Research Institute, opened in November, 1993,
is the only research center n the United States concentrating
exclusively on women's health The Research Institute continues
and extends the exemplary research conducted by Magee physicians
and scientists specializing in neonatology, pregnancy
complications, infertility, exually transmitted diseases and
genetic diseases. Its agenda also will focus on the concerns of
particular importance to posumenopausal women: cardiovascular
disease, breast, cervical and ovarian cancers, and autoimmune
diseases such as arthritis, luous and scleroderma.
Magee trains more than 50 interns, residents, nurses and
paraprofessicnal personnel annually; education programs for
physicians include Ob/Gyn, medicine, intensive care medicine,
plastic and reconstructive surgery, neonatology, radiology,
pediatrics, surgery, pathology and anesthesiology.
More than 350 physicians are on staff at Magee, and
approximately 90 percent of the active staff is board certified.
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
BACKGROUND
Operation Provide Hope was created after the collapse of the Warsaw Pact. Initiated
in 1992, the Heidelberg Germany-based 7th Medical Command (in coordination
with the DoD Office of Humanitarian and Refugee Affairs and Military Traffic
Management Command-Europe) plans and coordinates the delivery of excess military
medical material to countries identified by the State Department. After the
equipment is delivered and installed, the soldier-specialists train local hospital
workers on the operation and maintenance of the U.S. equipment. The hospital you
are visiting in both Moscow and Minsk are recipients of Operation Provide Hope
supplies and equipment.
The donated equipment comes from medical stocks declared excess by DOD when
the collapse of the Warsaw Pact reduced the treat of war in Western Europe. Most of
the donated material comes from U.S. war-reserve hospitals stored in Europe, with
some medical facilities in Europe that are reducing services or closing. While much
of the equipment is not considered state-of-the-art, it is all operational and ready for
use. The basic list of donated material includes beds, linens, X-ray units, steam
sterilizers, ventilators, laboratory equipment, surgical instruments, gowns, bandages
and hypodermic syringes.
Despite its name, which has its genesis in the Bush Administration, current Operation
Provide Hope missions are operating as a Clinton Administration initiative.
MOSCOW (Operation Provide Hope III)
The dental supplies delivered to Moscow as a result of the arrangement between you
and Mrs. Yeltsin were given to the Central Research Institute of Stomatology.
(According to the State Department, none of those supplies were given to Savior's
Hospital.) Included were dental chairs and operatories, X-Ray equipment, sterilizers,
beds/mattresses and linens, dental surgical instrument cabinets and tables,
electrosurgical apparatus, dental lights, compressors, dental laboratory equipment
and supplies. Estimated values was $1.5 million. You are visiting Savior's Hospital
at Mrs. Yeltsin's request, however, in place of the Central Research Institute to which
the supplies had been given.
Savior's Hospital: As part of Operation Provide Hope III, 32 containers of medical
equipment and supplies valued in excess of #3 million were delivered to Savior's
Hospital. Included were 300 new beds, mattresses and associated linen, sterilizers, X-
Ray equipment and supplies, anesthesia machines, 8 critical intensive care beds,
surgical equipment and supplies, wheel chairs, ward furniture and supplies, etc.
(NOTE: Operation Provide Hope III was in specific response to a commitment
President Clinton made to President Yeltsin during the Vancouver Summit In
September-November 1993, a 53-member team delivered and installed equipment
from 1,000-bed war reserve hospitals in nine hospital and two dental facilities in the
Russian capital. The team continued its mission throughout a violent coup attempt
October 3-5. Medical supplies that were part of the U.S. donation were put to use by
Moscow trauma centers to treat hundreds of Russians wounded in the violence. At
the mission's end, team members received a personal thank you from Mrs. Yeltsin.)
MINSK (Operation Provide Hope IV)
Beginning January 13, a 7th MEDCOM-led assessment team will assess local health
care facilities in the Belarus capital in preparation for the delivery of excess DoD
hospitals equipment.
The assessment team consists of two Army doctors and several specialists in medical
equipment and logistics. They will lay the groundwork for a later shipment of a 500-
bed hospital from "Cold War" reserves presently stored in England.
According to State, the medical supplies you will see being unloaded are a "good
will" gesture as the team comes to do its assessment. Additional supplies and
equipment will be delivered upon completion of the assessment. In the meantime,
the team will supply disposable hospital supplies such as gloves, gowns, etc.
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003. report
US Government Report (1 page)
1/12/94
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Liz Bowyer
OA/Box Number: 3977
FOLDER TITLE:
First Lady's Visit to Moscow, Russia, Minsk, Belarus January 13 - 16, 1994 [1]
2014-0483-S
sb377
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA)
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA|
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Kremlin Tour
with Ms. Yeltsin
Kremlin
Kremlin
Main front of the Armoury
The royal insignia of Mikhail Romanov
The collection dates from the time of Ivan the Great and Ivan
the Terrible. During the "Italian period" a special stone building
was erected to house the Tsars' treasures. The original collec-
tion of arms and armour, military booty, royal insignia, gifts to
the Tsar, carriages, etc., grew to such an extent that when it was
moved to Novgorod in 1571 to escape the Tatars no fewer than
450 sleighs were required to transport it.
The walls
The heyday of the Armoury was in the second half of the 17th C.
In 1654 Bogdan Khitrovo was appointed Director, and under his
management the most talented craftsmen and painters in the
old Russian art centres (Yaroslavl, Ustyug, Uglich, etc.) were
summoned to Moscow to work in the Armoury.
When St Petersburg became the capital in 1712 the artists and
craftsmen left Moscow for the new capital. In 1812, when Napo-
State Armoury (Oruzhemaya Palatal
leon was advancing on Moscow, most of the Armoury's trea-
sures were evacuated to Nizhny Novgorod (now Gorky) for
Conducted tours can be
The State Armoury is the oldest museum in the Soviet Union
safety, to be brought back in the following year.
arranged through Intounst
and one of the richest. Among its treasures are the crown
The present Armoury building, in pseudo-Russian style, with
jewels and coronation insignia of the Tsars, historic arms and
features borrowed from Naryshkin Baroque, was erected be-
armour, costumes and furnishings, icons and manuscripts,
tween 1844 and 1851. It is in architectural harmony with the
coaches, sleighs, State carriages, objet d'art and much else
Great Kremlin Palace, also designed by Thon and Chichagov.
besides.
Until the October Revolution the Armoury housed the Court
The collection includes not only Russian art but the arts and
Museum. After the Revolution the collections were enriched by
crafts of Western and Northern Europe and the East as well. The
treasures from the Kremlin cathedrals and the Patriarchal Trea-
Armoury's displays of English silver and German goldsmiths'
sury and by the crown jewels. Thereafter the museum was
work of the Baroque period, for example, are among the finest
completely reorganised - a process which was completed in
collections of the kind in the world.
1961.
listory
Although the Armoury has for centuries been a museum it still
Further re-building resulted in its being closed for a period of
preserves its old name. Here in the time of the Princes, Grand
three years in the 1980s. However, it has been open to the
Princes and Tsars arms and armour were made and stored.
public again since March 1986.
58
69
(remlin
Kremlin
It is normal to start the tour on the first floor.
Rooms 1 and 2
First floor
Russian and Byzantine art; the Ryazan Hoard, gold and silver
ladles, a goblet belonging to Prince Jurij Dolgoruki, icon
mounts (including that of the famous Icon of the Virgin of
Vladimir), mass icons, Gospel covers, goldsmiths' work, etc.
Room 3
Arms and armour of the 12th-19th C.
Helmet of Grand Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich of Kiev
(reigned 1238-46) with silver ornamentation. The inscription
states that the helmet belonged to Yaroslav, father of the
famous Alexander Nevsky. Helmet of Tsar Mikhail Romanov,
the "Jericho Hat", Moscow work 1621. Also Western armour,
horse-armour, flintlocks.
Room 4
Arms, armour and spoils of war:
Golden keys of the city of Riga, Bible belonging to the Swedish
King Charles XII, Russian medals awarded during the Nordic
War (1700-1721), Swedish rifles. The wrought-iron door to
Room 4 is decorated with the coats-of-arms of Russian cities.
Room 5
Gifts made to the Tsars by West European ambassadors (ar-
ranged in country order):
Magnificent table-settings, bowls, drinking-vessels. One show-
case alone is filled with Sèvres porcelain, a service presented
by Napoleon I to Tsar Alexander I to commemorate the Peace
of Tilsit.
Room 6
Ground floor
State coach in the Armoury Museum
Church vestments and secular robes: vestments of Metropoli-
tans Pyotr, Aleksey and Photius; robe belonging to Peter the
Collection of State coaches: coach presented to Boris Godunov
Room 9
Great; coronation robes of Catherine I and Catherine the Great.
by Queen Elizabeth I; small coaches and sleighs made for the
boy Peter I; the coronation coach of Tsaritsa Elizabeth; the
Room 7
Thrones of Russian Tsars and royal insignia:
summer coach of Catherine the Great.
The ivory throne of Ivan the Terrible; Boris Godunov's throne
(wood, covered with gold-leaf; more than 2000 precious
Also on the ground floor is the diamond treasury of the USSR, a
Diamond Treasury
stones); the throne of Mikhail Fyodorovich, the first Romanov
unique treasure-house containing gold bars, precious stones,
Tsar; the Diamond Throne of Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich (over
jewellery and ornaments of exquisite beauty, etc.
8000 diamonds); the triple throne of the joint Tsars Ivan V and
The Diamond Treasury was and is affected by the changes
Peter I and their sister and Regent Sofya Alekseevna.
taking place in the State Armoury, but should now be open
Cap of Monomakh:
again to the public.
The Cap (or Crown) of Monomakh is believed to have been a
gift from the Tatar Khan to Grand Prince Ivan I Kalita. It was
used in the coronation of all Grand Princes of Moscow and
Great Kremlin Palace (Bolskoy Kremlyovsky Dvorets)
Tsars of Russia until Peter the Great's coronation as Emperor in
1721. It is probably 14th C. Oriental work (emeralds and rubies;
The Great Kremlin Palace was formerly the Tsar's Moscow
Admission only with special
gold plates with spiral patterns in gold wire; a cross encrusted
residence. In addition to the Tsar's apartments, which have
permission
with pearls).
been left intact, it contains the assembly hall of the Supreme
Legend has it that this crown was a gift from the Byzantine
Soviet of the USSR and the Russian Soviet Federative Republic.
Emperor Constantine IX Monomachus (1042-55) to Vladimir II
The palace, which has more than 700 rooms, was built for Tsar
Monomakh of Kiev (1113-25), but the dates alone make this
Nicholas I between 1838 and 1849 by Konstantin A. Thon and
impossible. The legend was evidently designed to establish the
Nikolay A. Chichagov and associates. the main front facing the
legitimacy of the Russian princes. The presentation of the
Moskva is 125 m (410 ft) long, in a style which harmonises with
Byzantine royal insignia (including the Cap of Monomakh) to
the Armoury and the Terem Palace. At first sight the building
the Grand Prince of Kiev is depicted on the sides of Ivan the
seems to have two storeys above the ground floor, but in fact
Terrible's throne in the Cathedral of the Dormition.
there is only one upper storey with a double row of windows.
Room 8
Saddles, bridles and other horse trappings from Russia (Tsar
Mikhail Fyodorovich's saddle), the Caucasus, Central Asia,
In the south wing of the ground floor are the former private
Ground floor
Europe, China, Iran and Turkey.
apartments of the Tsar. The rather tasteless decoration and
70
71
Kremlin
Great Kremlin Palace and Ivan the Great Bell-Tower
furnishings, left untouched after the Revolution for their his-
torical interest, are a mixture of Late Rococo, Neo-classical,
neo-Old Russian and other eclectic elements borrowed from
the styles of the past.
Upper floor
The upper floor with its double row of windows contains the
State apartments, named after various Russian orders, includ-
ing St George's Hall (named after the Military Order of St
George, founded by Catherine II in 1769), a hall 61 m (200 ft)
long by 20 m (65 ft) wide which is now mainly used for Govern-
ment receptions.
St Andrew's Hall (the old Throne Room) and St Alexander's
Hall were combined in 1933-34 (architect 1. A. Ivanov-Shits) to
form the Assembly Hall of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and
RSFSR. On the end wall of this large hall (seating for 3000),
which is familiar to the Soviet public through its appearance in
television news reports, is a monumental marble statue of
Lenin.
Cathedral of the Assumption
In front of the belltower stands the Kremlin's main church. the Assump-
tion Cathedral or Uspensky Sobor. It faces the center of Cathedral
Square. the oldest square in Moscow, built in the early 14th century. In
1475. Ivan the Great chose the Italian architect Aristotile Fioravante to
design the church. He modeled it after the Cathedral of the Assumption
in Vladimir.
This church. also known as the Cathedral of the Dormition of the
Virgin. was built on the site of a stone church by the same name, first
constructed by Ivan 1. For two centuries. this national shrine stood as a
model for all Russian church architecture. Within its walls. czars were
coronated and patriarchs crowned. It also served as the burial place for
Moscow metropolitans and patriarchs.
Combining Italian Renaissance and Byzantine traditions. the cathe-
dral is built from white limestone and brick with zakomara rounded
arches. narrow-windowed drums and five gilded onion domes. The
ornamental doorways are covered with frescos painted on sheet copper:
the southern entrance is especially interesting. decorated with 20 biblical
scenes in gold and black lacquer.
The spacious interior, lit by 12 chandeliers. is covered with exquisite
frescos and icons that date back to 1481. The artists. Dionysius. Ti-
mofei. Yarets and Kon. wave together the themes of heaven and the
unity of Russia's principalities. symbolizing the "Third Rome". Some
of these can still be seen over the altar screen. The northern and southern
walls depict the life of the Blessed Virgin. In 1642. more than 100
masters spent a year repainting the church. following the designs of the
older wall paintings. These 17th-century frescos were restored after the
revolution. The elaborate Iconostasis (altar screen) dates from 1652. Its
upper rows were painted by monks from the Trinity-Sergius Monastery
in Zagorsk in the late 1600s. The silver frames were added in 1881. To
the right of the royal gates are two 12th-century icons from Novgorod,
St. George and the Saviour Enthroned. A 15th-century copy of the
country's protectress, the Virgin of Vladimir also lies to the left. The
Martyrs of Sebaste. separates the chapel from the main altar. Other
metropolitans and patriarchs are buried along the northern and southern
walls and in underground crypts. Metropolitan Iov is buried in a special
mausoleum, above which hangs the icon of Metropolitan Peter, the first
Moscow metropolitan. The gilded sarcophagus (1606-12) of Patriarch
Hermogenes (1606-12) stands in the southwest corner covered by a
small canopy. During the Polish invasion. imprisoned by the Poles. he
starved to death. After Patriarch Adrian. Peter the Great abolished the
position and established the Holy Synod. The Patriarch seat remained
vacant until 1917.
Ivan the Terrible's carved wooden throne stands to the left of the
southern entrance. Made in 1551. it is known as the Throne of the
Monomakhs. It is elaborately decorated with carvings representing the
transfer of imperial power from the Byzantine Emperor Monomakus to
the Grand-Prince Vladimir Monomakh (1113-1125). who married the
emperor's sister. The Patriarch's throne can be found by the southeast
pier. the clergy sat upon the elevated stone that is decorated with carved
flowers. The Last Judgement is painted over the western portal. Tradi-
tionally, the congregation exited through the church's western door. The
last theme portrayed was the Last Judgement - a reminder for the
people to work on salvation in the outside world. Closed on Thursdays:
Lunch with
Prominent Women
VISIT OF THE FIRST LADY
TO
MOSCOW, RUSSIA
January 14, 1994
EVENT:
Lunch with Prominent Women
DATE:
January 14, 1994
TIME:
1:00 pm to 2:00 pm
LOCATION:
Tsarista's Room, Kremlin
ATTENDEES:
See Schedule
PRESS:
Pool Spray
SCENARIO:
The First Lady and Mrs. Yeltsin meet in St.
Vladimir's Hall and proceed together to the Tsarista's Room.
Upon entering, they proceed around the table, being introduced to
guests individually. [White House and Kremlin official
photographers only].
They then take their seats and a press pool is led into the room
for a pool spray [3 mins.]. The press is then led out of the
room and the luncheon proceeds [see previous briefing material
for menu], seating arrangement to follow.
At 2:00 pm Mrs. Yeltsin's aide [Kremlin Protocol] will enter the
room as a signal to Mrs. Yeltsin to conclude the lunch.
Luncheon Guests
Mrs. Yeltsin
HRC
Mrs. Bentsen
Mrs. Pickering
Mrs. Winer
Mrs. Valentina Fedorovna Chernomyrdina, the wife of the Prime Minister, has two
sons. One son is married and has a daughter. Mrs. Chernomyrdina loves the theater
and her hobby is needlework. She has remained a private figure during her
husband's career. Although she usually does not travel with her husband abroad,
she did accompany him to the inaugural session of the bilateral commission in
Washington in the summer of 1993.
Mrs. Lukina, the wife of the Russian Ambassador to the U.S., has been in
Washington with her husband for two years. She is quite personable and enjoys her
diplomatic/social duties.
Mrs. Akedjakova, is a well known stage and screen actress. She prefers comedy
roles.
Mrs. Volchek, is the head director of the theater "Sovremenik". "Sovremenik" stands
for modern and the theater showcases contemporary theatrical works.
Mrs. Morshchakova, is a jurist and a member of the Constitutional Court.
Mrs. Pamfilova, is the only woman in the Cabinet. She is Minister of Social Welfare
and is a close personal friend of Mrs. Yeltsin's. Mrs. Pamfilova is familiar with
"Operation Provide Hope." Mrs. Pamfilova, as Minister of Social Protection and First
Deputy of the Commission on Matters of International Humanitarian Assistance and
Technical Aid in 1992, was the Russian official in charge of receiving the supplies
provided by "Operation Provide Hope."
Mrs. Fyoderova, is the wife of the Minister of Finance. She speaks some English and
has lived in the United States.
JAN-12-1994 21:01
MOSCOW PRESS ADV
30504 P.002/002
3ABTPAK
Впины C икрой и лососиной
Шофруа из дичи
Лососина по-русски
Баранина, запеченная B слойке
Мороженое-пирожное
Пирожные ассорти
TopT "Лебединое o3epo"
Кофе, чай
Фрукты
Mockea,
14 января 1994 года
LUNCHEON
Blinis with caviar and salmon
Game chaudfroid
Salmon russian style
Mutton baked in puff pastry
Ice-cream cake
Assorted pastries
"Swan Lake" cake
Coffee, tea
Assorted fruits
Moscow
January14,1994 1994
TOTAL P.002
STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Women in Russia are formally entitled to the same rights as
men, including the right to participate in all areas of social,
economic and political life. The new constitution explicitly
asserts that "men and women have equal rights and freedoms and
equal opportunities to exercise them." An extensive system of
day-care and maternity leave allows women to retain employment
after giving birth. While women are well represented in many
levels of the general economy, however, they are largely absent
from the highest levels of government and senior management
positions in the economy. In practice, women do not receive
pay equal to men's for equal work.
The current labor code provides women in the labor force with
such entitlements as early pension benefits, children's
allowances, maternity benefits, restrictions on work hours,
required rest periods during pregnancy, and exclusion from
certain hazardous jobs. The increased costs associated with
protective legislation are not offset by the state, however,
and may discourage employers from hiring and retaining female
workers. Women are often the first to be dismissed as
enterprises reduce staff. A USAID-funded study has found that
women make up 70 percent of Russia's unemployed and about 70
percent of its pensioners. Both groups are disproportionately
affected by the country's economic plight.
Women suffer as a result of the collapse of Russia's health
care system, and in particular the neglect of family planning.
Abortion is the principal form of birth control; a Russian
woman undergoes, on average, eight abortions during her
child-bearing years. The maternal mortality rate is seven
times greater in Russia than in the U.S., in part because of
the misuse of abortion and lack of access to family planning
services.
The extent of violence against women has not been measured.
Police often show little interest in cases of spouse abuse and
some other sorts of violent crimes against women.
Interest in women's issues is growing, though it is
overshadowed by concern over Russia's general economic decline
and social upheaval, and social attitudes in the country remain
stubbornly conservative. A political bloc formed by Russian
women activists, the Women of Russia movement, placed fourth in
party-list voting for the new Duma in December with 8 percent
of the vote, and will have more than twenty deputies in
parliament. In its campaign, the bloc stressed general social
welfare and environmental issues, as well as women's rights.
Although one of its leaders, Yekaterina Lakhova, is an adviser
to President Yeltsin on issues affecting children, women and
families, some observers have charged that the Women of Russia
movement supports the anti-reform agenda of the Communist Party.
WOMEN OF RUSSIA
Drawing on dissatisfaction among voters, "Women in Russia"
exceeded all expectations and captured 8.1 percent of the vote
and a total of twenty three Duma seats. Although both
Zhirinovskiy and the Communists are courting the bloc, Alevtina
Fedulova, leader of "Women of Russia," claims she will maintain
an independent stance in the center of Rusian politics.
A week before the elections, Fedulova said the bloc would align
with different factions depending on the specific issue in
question "Women of Russia" is not figuring prominently in
the current parliamentary maneuvering, but retains influence
due to the power of the swing vote. Recently, "Women in
Russia" voted against Yeltsin advisor Burbulis for the
prestigious post of the chairman of a temporary comission on
coordinating work among political groups in the newly-elected
Federation Assembly, in favor of former Soviet official
Anatoliy Lukyanov, now on trial for his role in the 1991 coup
attempt.
"Women in Russia" campaigned on a strong social welfare program
that is pro-choice, seeks to keep all the social guarantees of
the Soviet state, and would move Russia to reform at a slower,
"more humane" pace. Many points in its program, especially on
economic and social issues, still sound very "Soviet," i.e.
advocacy of private land ownership, but not the right to sell
land. The bloc will primarily concentrate on social issues,
including health care, education, and care for the elderly.
Three organizations formed "Women in Russia" when they could
not get any of the more prominent parties or movements to
respond to their questions regarding where each stood on
"women's issues" or social issues. The three founding
organizations are: "Women's Union," a Network of women all over
Russia, which in Soviet times existed by mandate in every town
and workplace; "The Association of Business Women,' made up of
mostly young female entrepreneurs who seek pro-business
legislation; and "The Russian Navy Women's Association," a
group composed mainly of naval spouses and women in the
military.
Alevtina Fedulov, the leader of "Women of Russia," has been the
Chairman of "Women's Union" for the past ten years. By
background a teacher, she worked her way up the hierarchy in
the Komsomol structure.
Copyright 1993 Guardian Newspapers Limited
The Guardian
April 23, 1993
HEADLINE: EQUALITY: UNION CITY BLUES; Women of the former Soviet Union had high
hopes for their future under the new democracy. Are those dreams coming true?
BYLINE: ISOBEL MONTGOMERY
BODY:
WHAT ABOUT equality? Only whisper such a dirty word within earshot of most Russian
women. It conjures up 70 years of communist rule under which Soviet women were
supposedly emancipated, which often meant they got the dirtiest, toughest jobs going. Surely
things have changed in the new democratic Russia?
Natasha Stepanova of SAFO, the Moscow-based Association of Women's Groups, says,
"At the start, a lot of women had high hopes for democracy. We could discuss problems that
had been hidden before, like sexual discrimination. Now we are disillusioned. "
Anastasia Posadskaya of the Gender Centre agrees. She is part of a pressure group
whose slogan is, "Democracy without women is not democracy. " It's a nice slogan but not
one you will find in the newspapers. Media discussion of women's issues is either
non-existent or trivialising. Take one recent article, headlined, "Can women save Russia?" A
serious look at the contribution women could make to post-communist Russia? No, it was
an article about how women are helping their husbands.
Women have, of course, been known to intervene as a group in Russianpolitical life, most
strikingly on International Women's Day, when members of the Congress of Soviet Women
took to the streets, banging empty pots and pans, to demand
a return to communist rule.
It is easy to assume no women's movement exists in Russia because women simply do not
have an independent voice. Women's magazines are of the knitting pattern variety and when
Anastasia Posadskaya recently gave an interview about why women should vote for Yeltsin,
"the journalist could not get her piece published, despite the fact that there have been articles
on that subject from every other point of view. "
There is one women's issue that can even interest men, however: prostitution. Three years
ago, in the wake of a film about hard-currency prostitution, one Moscow newspaper carried
out a survey of teenage girls and found that over 70 per cent would consider it as a career.
While serious students of women's issues dismiss such research as sensationalist and
unrepresentative, prostitution in Russia can look like a route out of poverty. Masha
Shengalaya, who works with Moscow's homeless, says, "Some of the younger women who
live on the railway stations here in Moscow do become prostitutes. But only as a last resort. "
Perhaps the biggest change for Russian women, in how they see themselves and in how
men regard them, comes from the boom in pornography - banned until a few years ago. If
any kind of capitalism is succeeding in Russia, it is selling images of naked women. Soft-porn
films are shown in cinemas, video salons and even in the dining cars of long-distance trains;
the Russian language version of Playboy is advertised on TV; and at stations, porn magazines
are sold alongside the newspapers.
"Women are more concerned about their appearance now than ever before, "Natasha
Stepanova points out. And no wonder: job advertisements ask for young, attractive women
"without inhibitions" which means, Anastasia Posadskaya says, that you shouldn't grumble
when your boss starts touching you.
The general feeling among those who do think about women's issues is summed up by
Julia Korotchkina, a very famous student of economics - this year's Miss World. Would she
join a party that supported women's rights? "Sometimes I do feel discriminated against as a
woman. I think feminism is a good idea. It is useful for women. But we do have equal
rights, so why join a party?"
For many, feminism is not an issue. "It does not concern us. We have other problems to
think about," is heard from women everywhere.
When the first Women's Forum was held three years ago in Dubna, a town justoutside
Moscow, the press reported the event as a conference of lesbians. "Our organisation is
constantly fighting that sort of misrepresentation," Natasha Stepanova says of SAFO. "People
here understand feminism as being anti-men, if they understand the term at all. "
Yet research conducted by the Gender Centre over the past three years shows that, now
more than ever, Russian women should be concerned about their position. Equal
opportunities and pay are under attack, and as strict wage controls are lifted in the move
towards a market economy, work that was generally done by women is becoming a less
valuable commodity. "Under the old system, a woman's wage was, on average, 75 per cent of
a man's. Now it is 40 per cent," Anastasia Posadskaya says.
Unemployment is higher among women than men. In Moscow and St Petersburg, 80 per
cent of unemployed women have higher education qualifications, yet they are discriminated
against in retraining programmes because new skills courses are offered only to those who
have sponsorship from future employers. "Women in Russia are being punished for their
education and their independence," is how Posadskaya sums up the current situation.
The Gender Centre is pushing for change and endeavouring to raise awareness: when
Gennady Melikyan, minister of labour, asked, "Why should we give work to women when
there are so many unemployed men in our country?" it raised no protest.
Most Russian women would agree that their emancipation under communism was little
more than a facade that confused giving women the right to work with changing their actual
status in society. Now, however, they are being pushed back into the home - and not just by
political concerns. The packed churches last Saturday (Russian Orthodox Easter) testified to
the number of new converts to Christianity, many of them women. "The Orthodox Church's
influence in the Congress and in society is a threat to women. They want to ban abortion and
force women back into the home," Posadskaya explains.
The threat to women's status presented by the Church and by changing economic
conditions may be a new problem but old ones are also being exacerbated. Alcoholism was
always an issue in the Soviet Union and often led to violence in the home, but in the past,
women had the option of leaving violent husbands. Today, with their earning potential
falling and the cost of living rising, that escape route is gone - and there are no shelters for
such women.
Poverty in old age is another factor that affects women in particular. In 1990, 19 per cent
of the female population was aged over 60, compared with only 10 per cent of the male
population. The difference in the salaries of men and women is reflected in their pensions
and when her spouse dies, a woman's income is again reduced.
Problems also arise over property - one of the most valuable commodities in Russia today.
Anastasia Posadskaya explains, "With privatisation of housing, more and more old women
are falling victim to the mafia. People approach those living alone and offer them money on
top of their pension if they will sign over their flat. A guaranteed extra income for the rest of
your life is an attractive offer - but then these people try to force them out of their homes.
"One woman who approached us said she was being harassed by the people with whom
she had signed an agreement. They had killed her cat and she was afraid to leave her flat
even to go shopping. When the Gender Centre spoke to a local newspaper about this
problem, they were told a lot of mad old women had phoned up recently, talking nonsense.
"When a woman tries to complain and assert her rights, she is mad," Posadskaya adds with a
smile.
So what is there for women to be optimistic about in the new democratic Russia? "Well,
now we can talk about the issues that affect women in our society. The government is no
longer pretending that they do not exist. " The next step for the women's movement is to
convince women themselves that they matter.
Copyright 1993 The Times Mirror Company
Los Angeles Times
November 26, 1993, Friday, Home Edition
SECTION: Part A; Page 4; Column 1; Foreign Desk
HEADLINE: RUSSIA; WOMEN SEEKING PARLIAMENT SEATS RUN SMACK INTO
PREJUDICE
BYLINE: By SONNI EFRON, TIMES STAFF WRITER
BODY:
When Larisa Medunova visited a fabric factory recently to ask women workers to support
her candidacy for the new Russian Parliament, they replied, "Just who do you think you
are?"
The taunting question, which in Russian is literally, "Where are you climbing?" is usually
put to people who cut in front of comrades in line, stick their noses into other people's
business or try to tackle problems deemed beyond their ken.
That it can also be put to a Russian woman seeking public office shows that, 70 years after
the Soviets declared equal rights for women, politics here are more than ever a man's world.
"They asked me, 'Why do you need this? Don't you have children? Don't you have a
husband? Don't you have a job?'" Medunova said wryly.
The 43-year-old mother of two -- a former teacher turned entrepreneur now running three
private real estate, construction and engineering companies -- was elected in 1991 to the
Russian Congress of People's Deputies. After President Boris N. Yeltsin's attempt to disband
that legislature ended with tanks shelling the White House last month, Medunova decided to
run for the new Parliament, or Duma, in part to try to ensure such violence does not recur.
She is one of 36 candidates on the ticket for Women of Russia, a hastily formed centrist
alliance of women's activists, women entrepreneurs and Russian navy women.
Women of Russia candidates and other feminists say Russia's 78.8 million women have
borne more than their share of the economic suffering caused by the transition to a market
economy. As in the former East Germany, where women were the first to be fired, 80% of the
Russian unemployed are women.
Soviet law required everyone to work. But women often had the worst-paid, most taxing
jobs. Now many Russian women think freedom means being able to stay at home with their
children -- a concept relentlessly reinforced on Russian television. But as inflation of more
than 25% a month decimates their standard of living, most women desperately need a
paycheck.
But women now are paid about 40% of the average male salary, down from 70% of the
male wage in 1989. In Russia's new free-labor market, some complain, women are excluded
from many of the best-paying jobs and have no protection against being fired, if they are not
attractive, get pregnant or refuse a boss's sexual advances.
Russian-made contraceptives seem never to appear on store shelves. Imported
contraceptives are hard to find outside of Moscow; they also cost more than most women -
who are struggling to make ends meet -- can afford.
Many women, thus, are driven into Russia's infamous abortion clinics. The Moscow
feminist Center for Gender Studies estimates that 60% of women who undergo abortions
experience complications.
As the state slashes spending on health care, the rates of women dying in childbirth and
infant mortality are rising. And the numbers of day-care centers, nursery schools and
summer camps for children are shrinking.
Women of Russia leaders, when asked about "women's issues," mention these problems,
as well as the proliferation of pornography, which they would ban. But in general, their
campaign is pitched at issues unrelated to gender: merit-based equal opportunity, economic
recovery and more government spending on health, education and welfare. They favor
transition to a free market, not as a goal in itself, but as a means to reverse the slumping
standard of living.
Natalia D. Malakhatkina, another Women of Russia candidate, stumped Wednesday at a
textile factory in Yegoryevsk, about 65 miles southeast of Moscow, where 80% of the workers
are women. The plant once depended on the Soviet military for 92% of its orders;
production has fallen 42% since 1991, a third of the work force has been retired and 2,000
more workers may soon be laid off.
A 20-year textile industry veteran, Malakhatkina can tell by smell whether a shop is
spinning cotton or wool; workers she chatted with were convinced she understood their
problems. But several said they planned to vote for a harder-line candidate from the
pro-Communist Agrarian Party.
*
Meanwhile, democratic-minded women and committed feminists say Women of Russia
has too many veterans of the Soviet women's movement -- and too many old ideas.
"I will not support just any woman," said feminist leader Valentina N. Konstantinova. "I
will only support a woman of really democratic leaning who supports reform."
She is backing Yeltsin's party, Russia's Choice; many of her friends from the Independent
Women's Forum, a nonaligned women's group, are candidates on the slate headed by
economist Grigory A. Yavlinsky, who is pitching his party as a more reliable guarantor of
democracy and free-market reforms than Yeltsin's.
Certainly, the prospects for women in the new Duma look grim. Only 8.8% of candidates
fielded by the 13 competing parties are women, and most of the female candidates are near
or at the bottom of their parties' slates. Under the system of proportional representation, only
the candidates at the top of each ticket are likely to be seated in the Duma.
A Misery Index
Economic turmoil and deep cuts in state spending have worsened the status of most of
Russia's 78.8 million women. Their situation looks even bleaker in comparison to U.S. data:
A MAJORITY OF THE POPULATION
53% of the Russian population is female
47% of the Russian population is male
51% of the U.S. population is female
49% of the U.S. population is male
THEY TRAIL BADLY IN WAGES
(% of what women earned compared to men)
40% in Russia
75% in U.S.
AND STRUGGLE FOR JOBS
32% of Russian women are employed
80% of U.S. women are employed
CONDITIONS ARE REFLECTED IN LIFE EXPECTANCY
(average age of death)
74 years for Russian women
79 years for U.S. women
ABORTION RATES
94 per 1,000 women in Russia
27 per 1,000 women in U.S.
AND INFANT MORTALITY
(deaths before age 1, per 1,000 births)
18 in Russia
9 in the U.S.
Sources: Russian government statistics, Center for Gender Studies in Moscow (Russia);
Alan Guttmacher Institute, Population Reference Bureau (United States); "The World's
Women," United Nations, 1991.
GRAPHIC: Photo, Natalia D. Malakhatkina, right, a candidate on the Women of Russia slate,
stumps with Ludmilla Kolmykova, a worker at a textile plant in Yeoryevsk, where average
monthly wage is $42. SERGEI KIVRIN / For The Times; Chart, A Misery Index; LORENA
INIGUEZ / Los Angeles Times
Red Square/
St. Basil's
Red Square
Revolution Square
Central
Losin Mussum October
Red Square
(Krasnaya Ploshchad)
Alexander Garden
supendy
I Corner Arsenal Tower
storical
2 St Nicholas's Tower
Museum
3 Senate Tower
4 Saviour's Tower
Red
5 Tser's Tower
6 Tribunes of honour
Mamelous
Kuydreher St
7 Lobnos Mesto
Loain
8 Minin and Pozharsky
Monument
Square
9 Arsonal
10 Obelisk of Commandants of
7
Kremlin
11 Council of Ministers Building
(Semate)
Palace of Congresses
12 Presidium of Supreme Soviet
St B
(Kremlin Theatre)
Cath
12
100 E
KREMLIN
110 yd
Cathedral Square
Kramlin Embankment
12
Red Square (Krasnaya Ploshchad)
Red Square, with an average length of 400 m (440 yd) and an
Metro
Ploshchad Revolutsii
average breadth of 150 m (165 yd), is the central square not
111
Red Square from St Basil's Cathedral
Sentries on guard at the Lenin Mausoleum
only of Moscow but of the whole Soviet Union. Since the time
between the Neglinnaya and the Moskva. During the recon-
of Ivan III (15th c.) this has been the scene of great public events,
struction and rebuilding carried out under the direction of Osip
mainly political - rallies, demonstrations, processions.
I. Bove to make good the damage caused by the French in 1812
In earlier times Red Square was also a place of execution. Its
the moat was filled in, the Neglinnaya was bricked over and the
name does not, however, come from the blood which has been
drawbridges in front of the Saviour's Tower and St Nicholas's
spilt here: in Old Slavonic krasny, "red", also meant "beauti-
Tower were removed.
ful", since red was regarded as a particularly beautiful colour.
Red Square is bounded on the south-west by the walls of the
The translation "Red Square" instead of "Beautiful Square"
Kremlin with their numerous towers and two gate-towers. At
which is now universally used, became established only in the
the north end is the picturesque building occupied by the His-
20th C.
torical Museum, with the Central Lenin Museum (see entry) to
Every year on 7 November a military parade is held in Red
its right, in Revolution Square. Most of the north-east side of
Square to mark the anniversary of the October Revolution (on
Red Square is occupied by the GUM Department Store, facing
the date, see Practical Information - Calendar). On that day,
the Lenin Mausoleum and the tombs of prominent Soviet citi-
too, and on 1 May (Labour Day) there are parades of the work-
zens below the Kremlin walls. At the south end of the square is
ers of the Soviet Union which have something of the air of a
St Basil's Cathedral, near which the German Cessna pilot Math-
popular festival. On 9 May, Victory Day, great masses of people
ias Rust landed in 1987.
congregate in the square to watch the firework display.
Before the October Revolution official prociamations were read
* Lenin Mausoleum (Mavzoley Lenina)
out in Red Square, and it was also the scene of markets, fairs
and religious festivals, including the Palm Sunday procession
Even visitors who are against Lenin or indifferent to him will
Opening times
when the Patriarch, mounted on an ass, and the Tsar with their
find it worth while, for the sake of the experience, to join the
Summer Tues Thurs. and
retinues made their way into the Kremlin through the Saviour's
queue sometimes apparently endless, particularly in summer
Sat. 10 a p.m., Sun.
Gate-Tower. Here, too, public executions were carried out;
- and go down into the air-conditioned vault in which the
10 a.m -3pm
Winter: Tues. Thurs and:
from here Russian forces led by Minin and Pozharsky launched
embalmed body of the founder of the Soviet State lies in a glass
11 a.m. 2 pm. Sun
the attack which recovered the Kremlin from the Poles in 1612;
coffin.
11 a.m.- 4 p.m
and here after the Second World War the flags of the German
The Lenin Mausoleum occupies the site of the temporary Red
Wehrmacht were brought in triumph and burned in front of the
Square wooden mausoleum in which Lenin's body was depos-
Lenin Mausoleum.
ited on 27 January 1924 after the official funeral ceremony. The
Originally the approach to the Kremlin from Red Square was
Lenin Funeral Train Museum (see Practical Information -
protected by a moat, 32 m (105 ft) wide and 12 m (40 ft) deep,
Museums) contains models of this temporary structure.
112
Red Square
Changing of the guard
The present mausoleum, on the highest point in Red Square, in
front of the Senate Tower of the Kremlin (see entry), was built in
1930 to the design of Aleksey V. Shchusev. On either side are
the Tribunes of honour, with seating for 10,000 spectators. The
Mausoleum - which also serves as a reviewing platform for
members of the Government - is built of dark red granite in a
series of receding tiers, with a mourning band of black labra-
dorite encircling the whole structure.
Interior
From the entrance, which is surmounted by the name "Lenin"
in inlaid porphyry letters and flanked by two sentries, twenty-
three porphyry steps lead down into the serni-darkness of the
air-conditioned burial vault, which is faced with black and grey
labradorite, with porphyry pilasters. Lenin's body, embalmed
by a special process, lies in a glass coffin. Visitors are allowed
only a few moments to look at the body as they walk round it:
they are not permitted to pause and hold up the queue.
In the absolute silence that prevails in the vault, undisturbed by
the clicking of cameras, even Western visitors may be
impressed by this glimpse of the mortal remains of a man who
was one of the great world figures of this century and is still the
idol and spiritual father of millions in both East and West. The
This has been discontinved.
mausoleum seems designed to produce a kind of quasi-
religious awe - even though this runs counter to the views of
Lenin himself, who throughout his life rejected any kind of
personality cult.
Changing of the guard
The guard at the entrance to the mausoleum is changed every
hour on the hour. Exactly 2 minutes and 45 seconds before the
There has been
Façade of the Historical Museum, in Old Russian style
some talk om
114 MAVING Lenin's hody
I
Square
hour the two relieving sentries emerge from the Saviour's
Gate-Tower and march to the entrance of the mausoleum,
taking up their position as the clock strikes in the tower.
below the Kremlin walls
Behind the Lenin Mausoleum, separated from Red Square by a
row of silver firs, the remains of the Soviet Union's honoured
dead are buried - revolutionaries and politicians, cosmonauts
and foreign Communist leaders, Lenin's sister, and the sym-
bolic 500 revolutionaries killed in the October Revolution.
Many of the names recorded here in tablets set into the Kremlin
walls will be encountered by visitors as they go about Moscow,
in the names of streets, buildings, parks, societies, etc.
It is mostly politicians who are buried here, the most recent
addition being Suslov (d. 1982), the great ideologist of the
Party. Others include Mikhail 1. Kalinin (see Kalinin Avenue);
Lenin's wife Nadezhda K. Krupskaya; Stalin, who was origi-
nally buried in the Mausoleum beside Lenin; the German Com-
munist Clara Zetkin; Arthur MacManus, one of the founders of
the British Communist Party; William D. Haywood of Chicago;
and such leading Soviet figures as S. M. Kirov, V.V. Kuibyshev,
A. V. Lunacharsky and G. K. Ordzhonikidze. Among cosmo-
nauts buried here are Yury A. Gagarin, the first man (in 1961) to
circle the earth in a space capsule, who was killed in a flying
accident in 1968, and the three cosmonauts who died during
the re-entry of their space craft in 1971,
Inside GUM
istorical Museum (Istorichesky Muzey)
GUM Department Store
The Historical Museum, first opened in 1883, is the largest and
Red Square
most important museum devoted to the history of the peoples
Opposite the Lenin Mausoleum, on the north-east side of Red
Location
snaya Ploshchad 1-2)
of the Soviet Union from prehistoric times to the present
Square, is the Soviet Union's largest department store (floor
3 Red Square
day. Its 44,000 exhibits, in forty-eight rooms, illustrate and
area-wise, however, it has now been superseded by the Mos-
(Krasnaya Ploshchad 3)
ro
Revolutsii
document the history of Russia and the Soviet Union from the
kovsky Univermag - see Practical Information, Shopping)
Palaeolithic period, Kievan Russia, the dominance of the
Gosudarstvenny Universalny Magazin (State Universal Store),
Opening times
Mon.-Sat 8am
times
Golden Horde and the beginnings of the principality of Moscow
or GUM for short. This huge glass-roofed complex, 252 m
Thurs., Sat. and Sun.
to the consolidation of the centralised State, the cultural history
(825 ft) long by 90 m (295 ft) across, was built between 1888 and
p.m. Wed. and
of Russia in the 17th-19th C. and the Communist movement
1894, replacing the old "Trading Rows" which had previously
6.45
centred on Lenin.
occupied the site. Restored in the 1950s, its three storeys now
p.m
Following the foundation of the Historical Museum in 1872,
house 150 separate shops which attract some 400,000 custo-
work began in 1874 on the construction of the present building,
mers every day.
and last day of month
designed by Aleksandr A. Semyonov and Vladimir 0. Sher-
GUM is very different from a Western department store: 3 more
wood, with its façade in the Old Russian style. The architects
appropriate comparison would be with a Western shopping
were concerned to fit the building into the architectural pattern
centre. But instead of American-style glass and concrete archi-
of Red Square, taking as their models St Basil's Cathedral and
tecture GUM has ornate bridges and gangways, Old Russian
the Kremlin walls.
shop-fronts, chandeliers, mirror walls and much stucco
The interior was designed by Aleksandr P. Popov, and the
ornament.
museum was opened to the public in 1883. The holdings of the
A general view of the interior can be had from the balustrade
museum have swollen by gifts and donations, but mainly by
above the fountain in the centre of the complex. The swarming
the acquisition of material from all over the Soviet Union fol-
crowds of shoppers, in all the nationalities of the Soviet Union,
lowing the nationalisation of land and property - to such an
make a spectacle which will be one of the visitor's memories of
extent that it cannot display even a tenth of what it possesses.
Moscow.
On the ground floor are a number of shops selling souvenirs.
tiches of the Museum
St Basil's Cathedral, the 16th and 17th C. mansions in Razin
Anyone who wishes to take home a typical "little something"
Street, the museum in the Novodevichy Convent (see entry)
may like to have a look on the stall with the multi-coloured
and the Kolomenskoe Museum (see Practical Information -
ribbons - here you will find Lenin badges, brooches, etc. in
Excursions) are all branches of the Historical Museum.
abundance.
117
Red Square
Lobnoe Mesto: place of execution in Tsarist times
Lobnoe Mesto (Place of Skulls)
The Lobnoe Mesto (Place of Skulls) is a circular stone platform
near the south end of Red Square. approached by a short flight
of steps and closed by wrought-iron gates, from which the
decrees of the Tsars and Patriarchs were read out. It was also a
place of execution, although most executions were carried out
not on the stone platform itself but on temporary wooden
scaffolds erected in front of it.
in 1606 the corpse of the False Dmitry was burned here and the
ashes fired from a cannon towards the west, the direction from
which the hated Polish Catholics had come. In 1671 Stenka
Razin, leader of the first large peasant rising, was executed and
dismembered here. Here, too, 2000 rebellious Streitsy were
executed in 1698, when Peter the Great is said to have struck off
the first ten heads with his own hand. (The scene is depicted in
Surikov's painting, "The Morning of the Execution of the
Streitsy in Red Square", now in the Tretyakov Gallery.) The
public execution of the great Cossack rebel Pugachov also took
place here in 1775.
The Monument to Minin and Pozharsky
The Monument to Minin and Pozharsky. in front of St Basil's
Cathedral. was Moscow's first patriotic monument, unveiled
in 1818. It was the work of the Neo-classical sculptor Ivan
St Basil's Cathedral
118
Red Square
uare
GROUND PLAN
St Basil's Cathedral
Pokrovsky Sobor
Vasiliya Blazhennogo
Square
St Basil's Cathedral, properly the Cathedral of
the Intercession of the Virgin, is described in
Baedeker's "Russia" (first English edition, 1914)
as follows:
it consists of eleven small dark chapels,
arranged in two storeys, and combined in a most
extraordinary aggiomeration. The building is
surmounted by a dozen domes and spires, painted
in all the colours of the rainbow and of the most
varied forms. Some of them are shaped like bulbs
or pineapples, some are twisted in strange spirals,
Red
some are serrated. some covered with facets or
scales. All of them bulge out over their supporting
drums and are crowned by massive crosses. The
decoration, in which numerous Renaissance
details may be detected. is of the most exuberant
10 m
character. The whole effect is quaint and fantastic
in the extreme."
33 ft
Petrovich Martos, who spent almost fourteen years, with inter-
ruptions, on the task. The cost was met by public subscription.
The monument was moved to its present position after the
construction of the Lenin Mausoleum. Note the position of
Interior of St Basil's Cathedral
Minin's right arm, pointing towards the Kremlin.
Kuzma Minich Minin (d. 1616) was a butcher of Nizhny Nov-
gorod (known since 1932 as Gorky) who in 1611 formed a
The church was originally built by Ivan the Terrible in 1555-61
popular militia to fight the invading Poles and persuaded
as the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Virgin (Pokrovsky
Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky (1578-1642) to become
Sobor) to commemorate the capture of Kazan, capital of the
its commander.
khanate of Kazan, on the festival of the Intercession of the
Pozharsky's forces soon swelled into a considerable army. In
Virgin in 1552.
the spring of 1612 he moved to Yaroslavl, and on 26 March set
According to the chronicler the architects of the cathedral,
out for Moscow. A Polish army was routed in August, and on
Postnik and Barma, were sent to Ivan the Terrible by God. The
22 October Pozharsky took Kitay-Gorod (the trading district off
story that the Tsar had them blinded after the building was
Red Square). Soon afterwards the Kremlin was captured, and
completed, however, is no more than a legend, for in 1588, four
on 27 October 1612 the Poles surrendered.
years after Ivan's death, Postnik and Barma added the chapel at
On the granite base of the monument are bronze reliefs of
the north-east corner of the cathedral housing the tomb of the
"Citizens of Nizhny Novgorod" and "The Surrender of the
holy fool Basil (Vasily) by whose name the cathedral is now
Poles". The figures of Minin and Pozharsky are also cast in
known.
bronze Minin pointing towards the goal of the patriotic forces,
The holy fools, or fools in Christ, were itinerant ascetics who
the Kremlin, and Pozharsky still hesitating to take command.
enjoyed great popularity among the ordinary people of Russia,
many of them being revered as saints.
St Basil's Cathedral (Pokrovsky Sobor Vasiliya Blazhennogo)
The holy fool Basil the Blessed died in 1552, the year of the
capture of Kazan. He was well known for his fearless denuncia-
Opening times
Many would think that St Basil's Cathedral alone would justify a
tion of Ivan the Terrible's cruelties; and when, after Ivan's
Wed.-Mon. 9.30 a.m.-
visit to Moscow. This extraordinary building - the supreme
death, his chapel was built on to the cathedral the name of the
5.30 pm.
achievement of 16th C. architecture in Moscow - is now a
chapel gradually came to be applied to the whole cathedral.
branch of the Historical Museum. Until 1978 the cathedral, with
The domes were given their present form at the end of the
its ground-plan in the form of an eight-pointed star, its nine
16th C. To refer to them as onion domes seems an over-
churches and its bizarre domes, its vivid colours and its hetero-
simplification, given their varied turban-like and tear-drop
geneous assortment of architectural elements, could be seen
shapes. Originally the domes were helm-shaped, with eight
only from the outside; but the interior has recently been excel-
domes set round the central tower (destroyed at the end of the
lently restored and is now open to the public.
18th c.). The colourful painting of the domes dates from the
17th C., when the bell-tower was added and the open galleries
St Basil's Cathedral
round the whole complex were vaulted over.
120
121
led Square
quare
in 1812 the French stabled their horses in St Basil's Cathedral.
Before leaving Moscow Napoleon ordered it to be blown up;
but cold, hunger and fear of sabotage by the people of Moscow
prevented the order from being carried out.
Ground-plan and exterior
Although St Basil's Cathedral looks such a confusion of chap-
els, galleries, loggias and domes it is actually based on strictly
geometrical principles. In the centre is the principal church with
its 57 m (187 ft) high tower, its octagonal tent roof topped by a
small dome, rising high above the other structures. Round this
central tower are four large and four small chapels, with domes
proportional to their size. The four larger chapels are at the
ends of an imaginary cross with the principal church at its
central point; the smaller chapels lie between the larger ones.
These nine churches stand on a high brick-built base with
arcading and pillars. The four larger chapels have an octagonal
lower storey topped by a series of triangles enclosing slit win-
dows; the apexes of the triangles point upwards, giving the
tower a strong sense of vertical movement. Above these are a
cornice and a band of blind semicircular arches, and above
these again are more triangles and slit windows, maintaining
the upward movement.
The towers of the four smaller chapels begin with tiers of blind
semicircular arches, set back above one another. Above these
is the drum supporting the dome, with brick mosaic decoration
and slit windows.
Since St Basil's Cathedral was conceived as a monument com-
memorating the capture of Kazan, the interior is less impres-
Superstructure of Saviour's Tower
Tsar's Tower
sive than the grandiose exterior. It is still, however, worth
seeing.
Like most of the Kremlin towers, St Nicholas's Tower is
Its most notable features are the frescoes in the central tower
crowned by a five-pointed Soviet star.
and the passages and galleries, mostly of the 16th C. The icons
date from the 15th-17th C.
Senate Tower
Exhibition
In two rooms under the bell-tower IS a exhibition on the theme
"The Pokrovsky Cathedral as an Example of 16th Century
Immediately behind the Lenin Mausoleum is the Senate Tower,
Architecture", with old prints, sketches, plans and drawings
also built in 1491 by Pietro Antonio Solari. It was given its
illustrating the history of the cathedral.
present name after the building of the Senate (1776-87; now
Council of Ministers Building, Kremlin - see entry), just inside
Kremlin towers in Red Square
the walls at this point.
The superstructure dates from 1680.
The most northerly tower on this side of the Kremlin, the Cor-
ner Arsenal tower, is best seen from the Alexander Garden (see
entry).
Saviour's Tower (Spasskaya Bashnya)
The 70 m (230 ft) high Saviour's Tower is the most magnificent
No admission
St Nicholas's Tower
of the Kremlin towers, the very symbol and emblem of Mos-
COW. From time immemorial it has been the principal entrance
The 70 m (230 ft) high St Nicholas's Gate-Tower was built in
to the Kremlin.
1491 by Pietro Antonio Solari. From this gate a road once led to
The tower, like its two neighbours to the north, was built in 1491
a monastery (destroyed) dedicated to St Nicholas, and there
by Pietro Antonio Solari. The tent-roofed superstructure was
was a mosaic icon of the Saint on the gateway.
added in 1624-25 by Christopher Galloway or Halloway and
In 1812 the tower was blown up by the French and badly
Bazhen Ogurtsov, and a clock and carillon were installed by
damaged. It was restored in 1816 under the direction of Osip I.
Galloway. The present clock, by the Butenop brothers, dates
Bove, who also filled in the moat between the Kremlin and Red
from 1852; the gigantic mechanism of the carillon occupies
Square and removed the drawbridge which spanned the moat
three storeys of the tower.
outside St Nicholas's Tower.
Until the October Revolution the carillon played the Tsarist
At the same time Luigi Rusca built the 15 m (50 ft) high neo-
National Anthem, and between 1917 and 1941 it played the
Gothic superstructure, modelled on the 13th-15th C. St Mary's
"Internationale". The clock now only strikes the hours; it is
Church in Stargard (Pomerania; now in Poland).
broadcast on Soviet radio at 6 a.m., 12 noon and midnight.
22
123
Red Square
Schusev Museum 0.
tecture
dedicated to the Emperor Constantine and his mother Helena
(both saints of the Orthodox Church).
The tower was built in 1490 by Pietro Antonio Solari. The
superstructure, like those of other Kremlin towers, was added
in 1680. In order to level it up with the steep slope to the river
the tower has recently had a quantity of soil piled up against it.
Beklemishev Tower
The Beklemishev Tower, which is just under 47 m (155 ft) high,
was built by Marco Ruffo (Mark Fryazin) in 1487. The super-
structure dates from the 1680s.
The tower is named after a boyar called Beklemishev who had a
mansion just inside the Kremlin walls at this point. After Bek-
lemishev was executed in the reign of Ivan III the tower was
used as a prison.
The tower's tent roof was partly demolished during the Octo-
ber Revolution but was restored to its original state in the
1950s.
Beklemishev Tower; in background the Hotel Kotelnitscheskaya
The tower was given its name in 1658, when an icon of Christ
was set up over the entrance. Before the October Revolution
men were required to take their hats off when passing through
the gate.
Tsar's Tower/Tsar's Pavilion
The Tsar's Tower or Tsar's Pavilion, near the Saviour's Tower,
was built only in 1680, when the other towers were given their
present superstructures.
It is said that Ivan the Terrible used to sit in a wooden pavilion
here to watch executions in Red Square: hence the name of the
tower.
Alarm Tower (Nabatnaya Bashnya)
The name of this tower (built in 1495) indicates its function: in
case of impending danger the alarm bell (nabat) was rung here.
During a rising in 1771 the rebels rang the alarm bell: where-
upon Catherine the Great, after crushing the revolt with troops
from St Petersburg, had the clapper of the bell removed. Since
1821 the bell has been kept in the Armoury in the Kremlin (see
entry).
Constantine and Helena Gate-Tower
The Constantine and Helena Gate-Tower takes its name from
a monastery in the Kremlin, now destroyed, which was
124
THE CHILDREN FROM THIS SCHOOL WILL MEET You AT ST. BASIL'S.
MAGNET ENGLISH LANGUAGE SCHOOL 45
School#45 (8, Grimau st.) is situated in south-West district.
This is a large (800 students) English language school, a picneer
in high-school students exchange. It is actively engaged in ACTR
exchange programs having a regular exchange with Bethesda High
School in Washington. 15 upper-graders returned from Washington on
December 1st 1993, two students came back to MOSCOW from the
semester program in August 1993.
The school has excellent facilities: a modern computer class,
a large ewimming pool, 2 gyns (1 with exercise machines), a mirror
room for ballet classes, a good lecture hall, a beautiful reading
room and a well-equipped typewriting class.
The director - Milgram, Leonid is an honoured teacher of the
USSR who has worked in this school for 35 years. He is a real
anthusiast and has done a lot for the school. The staff are a team
of efficient, creative, highly qualified teachers who are really
interested in developing the school curriculum and using modern
methods of teaching. The school has links with Moscow State
University, 20 of the latter's faculty members teach here.
Not long ago School 45 became the training center of RELOD
Association (Russian and English Languages Open Doors). The
Association aims at developing the system of secondary education in
Russia and NIS by creating a network of lycees on the basis or
model high-schools in Russia and NIS.
President's Speech
Ostankino
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND THE FIRST LADY
TO
MOSCOW, RUSSIA
EVENT:
Russian Television Broadcast
DATE:
Friday, January 14, 1994
TIME:
Arrival at 3:05 - 3:10 pm
Broadcast begins at 3:30 pm
LOCATION:
Ostankino Television Company, Concert Studio
ATTENDEES:
800 Television Audience Members - 15%
University Students
PRESS:
Pools inside Concert Studios
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT will be introduced by Alexander
Nikolaiovich Yakovlev, President of Ostankino Television and one
of the architects of Perestroika. THE PRESIDENT will walk on
from stage left. Going behind a riser on the stage filled with
people, he will appear at center stage and walk forward to the
podium positioned center stage forward.
THE PRESIDENT will deliver his speech. A teleprompter will be
provided.
After THE PRESIDENT finishes his speech, the director will cut
to audience reaction. At an appropriate point, Ostankino will
then cut away to another studio, where anchor Dimitri Krylov will
say something to the effect that THE PRESIDENT has concluded his
address and will now take questions from the audience and from
several remote locations. Krylov will then introduce the other
cities participating in this program -- this will take one to two
minutes.
At this point in the program, off camera, THE PRESIDENT will
walk forward, down a control rampway located directly in front of
his podium, to a stool. There, WHCA personnel will give a lav
microphone and an IFB earpiece. There will be a back up
translation headset and hardwired stick microphone next to THE
PRESIDENT'S stool. In addition, there will be a live interpreter
nearby in the event of an equipment failure. THE PRESIDENT will
hear simultaneous English translation to all questions. Some of
the bilingual audience members may choose to address their
questions to him in English.
To cut down the risk of camera and microphone confusion, the
director and producer of the program have requested that THE
PRESIDENT take his first question from the right side of the
audience. He would take his second question from the left side
of the audience. His third question would come from one of the
remote cities.
At this point, the remote cities are Nizhniy Novgorod (formerly
Gorky), St. Petersburg -- perhaps a railway station, Moscow --
somewhere on the street, and Stavropol. Vladivostock is a
potential site.
There will be monitors, so THE PRESIDENT can watch and listen to
the question from the remote site. he will then be given a two
minute wrap cue. When he says thank you, the director will cut
to the audience applause. The Ostankino Anchor will than present
flowers to THE PRESIDENT and the First Lady. Mrs. Clinton
should stand and join her husband on this small stage.
A voice over will fade up saying something like: "We thank you
for joining us in a meeting with President Clinton with the
Russian People." Ostankino will then dissolve to the glove
effect and fade to black. At this point, all video and audio
feeds t the filing center and satellite uplink will go to black.
The producer says the "security forces" never turn off their
audio lines, though.
Audience Notes:
The studio audience will be seven hundred Russian citizens.
Given the nature of the speech draft, the studio audience will be
structured so that young people primarily will be seated in the
center sections of the Concert Studio. We anticipate that
seventy percent of the audience will be young people (under 35
years of age), including people from institutes, universities and
american exchange programs.
Ostankino is inviting approximately one hundred studio audience
members without any U.S. involvement. The television station is
also fully responsible for the gathering of audiences and/or
questioners in the remote locations.
The program will be broadcast live to all of Russia, which spans
eleven time zones. the program will also be rebroadcast late the
same evening in prime time hours.
SCENESETTER
OSTANKINO
MOSCOW
The Ostankino Estate Museum is just to the west of the Exhibit of
Economic Achievements in northern Moscow. The estate belonged to
the Cherkassky princes in the 1600's, and it was under them that
the Church of the Trinity was built. In 1743 the last Cherkassky
daughter married Count Sheremetyev (1715-1788), who then received
the estate and devoted his energies to its orchards. In the
1790's Ostankino went to his son, N. P. Sheremetyev, an extremely
well-educated man, European traveler, and patron of the arts.
Across the pond from the palace is the Ostankino Television
Broadcast tower, a 1740-foot tall stressed concrete structure
completed in the later 1960's. Last October, the Ostankino TV
tower was the site of a pitched battle between forces loyal to
Yeltsin and those loyal to Parliamentary leaders Rutskoy and
Khasbulatov. The victory of Yeltsin's supporters in that battle
marked the decisive turning point in the fortunes of the
parliamentary hardliners.
State Dinner
at the Kremlin
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND THE FIRST LADY
TO
MOSCOW, RUSSIA
JANUARY 12-15, 1994
EVENT:
State Dinner
DATE:
Friday January 14, 1994
TIME:
7:00 - 10:00 pm
LOCATION:
Hall of Facets
Grand Kremlin Palace
ATTENDEES:
120 guests
PRESS:
Pool Spray at the beginning of dinner
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Clinton will be met
curbside by Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) Chief of
Protocol, Vladimir Chernishev. They will be escorted to the
Winter Garden room where (they will be met by President and Mrs.
Yeltsin - TBD). Staff will proceed directly to their hold
(located in the ?).
THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Clinton accompanied by President and Mrs.
Yeltsin will descend the staircase from the Winter Garden into
St. Vladimir's hall where they will receive each guest. The
guests will then proceed directly to their tables in the Hall of
Facets. Once all of the guests have been greeted, THE PRESIDENT
and Mrs. Clinton and President and Mrs. Yeltsin enter the Hall of
Facets and take their seats at the head table. Joining them at
the head table will be (Secretary Christopher, Secretary and Mrs.
Bentsen, Foreign Minister Kozyrev and Finance Minister Fyodorov-
TBD).
Prior to the start of dinner, President Yeltsin and THE PRESIDENT
will make brief remarks. Dinner will be served. During dinner
Foreign Minister Kozyrev and then Secretary Christopher will make
toasts.
At the conclusion of dinner, THE PRESIDENT and Mrs. Clinton and
President and Mrs. Yeltsin will proceed to St. George's Hall for
a 30 minute concert given in honor of THE PRESIDENT and Mrs.
Clinton. The guests will follow the presidential party into the
concert.
STATE DINNER AT THE KREMLIN
CONTEXT OF THE EVENT
President Yeltsin will host a State Dinner in your honor in the
beautiful and ornate Hall of Facets in the Kremlin. You will sit
at the head table with President Yeltsin and other top political
figures. You and 120 distinguished guests will be treated to
traditional Russian entertainment which usually includes
folksingers, folkdancers and a variety of performers. Also in
keeping with Russian tradition, the dress will be business suit,
no black tie. You and President Yeltsin will both give toasts;
we will provide your toast separately.
YOUR OBJECTIVES
Emphasize to an audience of newly elected
parliamentarians, business and cultural leaders the
immeasurable value of the democratic election process
and the adoption of a new constitution.
Reiterate our strong support for genuine democratic
reforms and continued progress toward a market economy.
CORE POINTS
The rich and textured tapestry of public opinion
expressed in the recent elections reflects the
strengthening of democracy in Russia.
While profound political and economic reform brings
temporary hardship, deep and lasting reform will
alleviate difficulties and improve the quality of
individual lives across Russia.
The U.S. stands ready to support reform as we have
throughout the dramatic changes of the past few years.
BACKGROUND
The dinner will take place in the Kremlin's Hall of Facets which
derives its name from the shape of the stone facings on the side
of the hall facing Cathedral Square. It is also famous for the
decorative planes descending from the room's ceiling. It was
built in 1473-1491 by the Italian architects Marco Ruffo and
Pietro Antonio.
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Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
004. report
US Government Report (1 page)
12/6/93
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Liz Bowyer
OA/Box Number: 3977
FOLDER TITLE:
First Lady's Visit to Moscow, Russia, Minsk, Belarus January 13 - 16, 1994 [1]
2014-0483-S
sb377
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information {(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA)
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA|
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute ((b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA|
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Thomas R. Pickering
U.S. Ambassador to Russia
Thomas R. Pickering is Ambassador to Russia. He holds the
personal rank of Career Ambassador, the highest in the United
States Foreign Service. Ambassador Pickering previously served
as Ambassador to India from 1992 - 93, Representative to the
United Nations from 1989 - 1992, Ambassador to Israel from 1985
- 1988, and to E1 Salvador between 1983 and 1985. From 1981 -
83 he was Ambassador to Nigeria. Previously, he was Assistant
Secretary for Oceans and International Environmental and
Scientific Affairs, completing that assignment in 1981. From
1974 - 78, Ambassador Pickering was the United States
Ambassador to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
Mr. Pickering was born in Orange, New Jersey, on November 5,
1931. He received a Bachelor's Degree in 1953 from Bowdoin
College in Brunswick, Maine, cum laude, with high honors in
history. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He attended the
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy of Tufts University in
1954 and received a Master's Degree.
He was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to the University of
Melbourne in Australia and obtained a second Master's Degree
from that University in 1956. From 1956 to 1959, he served in
the United States Navy and later in the Naval Reserve to the
grade to Lieutenant Commander.
Between 1959 and 1961, Ambassador Pickering served in the
Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the State Department,
the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and at Geneva as a
Political Officer in the 18-Nation Disarmament Conference.
Following his assignment to Geneva, he studied Swahili at the
Foreign Service Institute in Washington and was assigned as
Principal Officer in Zanzibar. In 1967, he became Deputy Chief
of Mission in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and in 1969 he returned
to Washington to become Deputy Director of the Bureau of
Political-Military Affairs. From 1973 to 1974, he was
Executive Secretary of the Department of State and Special
Assistant to Secretary Rogers and to Secretary Kissinger.
In 1983, and 1986, Mr. Pickering won the Distinguished
Presidential Award. In 1984, he received an Honorary
Doctorate-in-Laws from Bowdoin College. He is a Member of the
International Institute of Strategic Studies and the Council on
Foreign Relations. His foreign languages are French, Spanish,
Swahili, Arabic, and Hebrew.
Mr. Pickering is married to Alice Stover Pickering and they
have a son, Timothy, and a daughter, Margaret.
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
005. report
US Government Report (1 page)
12/6/93
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Liz Bowyer
OA/Box Number: 3977
FOLDER TITLE:
First Lady's Visit to Moscow, Russia, Minsk, Belarus January 13 - 16, 1994 [1]
2014-0483-S
sb377
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information ((b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA|
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA|
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA|
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
006. report
US Government Report (1 page)
6/22/93
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Liz Bowyer
OA/Box Number: 3977
FOLDER TITLE:
First Lady's Visit to Moscow, Russia, Minsk, Belarus January 13 - 16, 1994 [1]
2014-0483-S
sb377
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA|
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Visit with U.S. Embassy
Staff in Moscow
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND THE FIRST LADY
TO
MOSCOW, RUSSIA
January 12-15, 1994
EVENT:
U.S. Embassy Greeting
DATE:
Saturday, January 15, 1994
TIME:
8:00 a.m. - 8:55 a.m.
LOCATION:
U.S. Embassy Gymnasium
ATTENDEES:
The President
The First Lady
Chelsea Clinton
Secretary Christopher
Ambassador and Mrs. Pickering
400 Embassy employees
PRESS:
Closed
SCENARIO:
THE PRESIDENT and his family will be greeted upon arrival by
Ambassador and Mrs. Pickering who will escort them to the gymnasium. Following
an offstage announcement, the Presidential party will proceed to the stage.
Ambassador Pickering will introduce Secretary Christopher, who will make brief
remarks and introduce THE PRESIDENT. THE PRESIDENT will make brief remarks
and present a citation to the Embassy Marine Guard Detachment. Marine Military
Aide Major Leo Mercado will assist THE PRESIDENT in presenting the award to the
Detachment Commander, Gunnery Sergeant Jack Pursel. Following his remarks
THE PRESIDENT will work a rope line as he exists.
MEETING WITH
EMBASSY STAFF AND MARINE SECURITY GUARDS
CONTEXT OF THE EVENT
Before you depart Russia, you will address the U.S. Embassy staff
and the Marine Security Guards stationed in Moscow. Your remarks
will take place in the gymnasium where the Embassy staff and
their families were forced to take shelter for two days and
nights during the climax of the confrontation between President
Yeltsin and the former Parliament in early October.
The highpoint of the visit will be the special citation you will
award the Marine Security Guards for the exceptional courage they
demonstrated in protecting the staff and the compound throughout
that tense week. One U.S. Marine Guard, Master Sergeant McClain
Bell, was hit in the neck by a stray bullet, and is recovering in
the United States. You will make brief remarks which we will
provide you separately.
YOUR OBJECTIVES
Thank Ambassador Pickering and the Embassy staff for their
hard work in preparing for your visit and reporting on the
political turmoil over the past few months.
Acknowledge the Marine Security Guards' courage in
protecting the Embassy compound in October as the
defunct Russian parliament and President Yeltsin
struggled nearby for control of the "White House."
Emphasize the positive outcome of the December elections,
including the adoption of the new Russian constitution, and
the value we place in the Embassy's close coverage of
events.
CORE POINTS
Here to thank all of you and your exceptional Ambassador,
Tom Pickering.
Your tireless and devoted work over the past few months
covering the dramatic political events in Moscow and
across Russia has been outstanding and a true service
to your country.
The exceptional service of the Marine Security Guards
in protecting you and your families on the compound
during those tense days in October has earned them a
very special citation.
The election process in December and the adoption of a.
new constitution demonstrates that Russia is moving in
a positive direction toward democratic and economic
reform.
2
You have a big job to do. This is an exciting time. We're
very proud of you and grateful for your service to our
country at this critical time.
BACKGROUND
AMERICAN EMBASSY, MOSCOW
The Chancery of the U.S. Embassy is located on Moscow's ring
road, a major thoroughfare which encircles the heart of the city.
The White House, in which Russia's parliament met until the
October confrontation, lies a few hundred meters away.
Nearly five hundred Americans currently work at the Embassy,
representing some twelve federal agencies. Counting family
members, the total population of the Embassy community is
approximately six hundred. In addition, the Embassy has hired
almost two hundred Russian nationals for basic support services.
The U.S. Embassy moved to its present site, which is a little
over a mile west of the Kremlin, after Stalin decided he did not
want us too close. We have recently resumed occupancy of the old
Embassy Office Building, converted from a Soviet apartment
building in the early 1950s, following repair and renovation work
after the most recent fire in 1991. The renovations attempted to
maximize security, safety, and efficiency despite the constraints
of the building's basic structure.
Construction at the New Embassy complex behind the old Embassy
building began in 1979. The housing and recreational facilities
are essentially complete. There are 134 American-style housing
units, a gymnasium, swimming pool, commissary and other
facilities. The complex houses part of the Embassy staff; many
employees live in apartments elsewhere in Moscow. Discovery of
listening devices suspended work on the New Office Building. We
have a basic agreement with the Russian government as well as
funding from Congress to allow us to fulfill our office space
needs; we are evaluating various options for completing and using
the new building.
Departure Ceremony
at the Kremlin
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND THE FIRST LADY
TO
MOSCOW, RUSSIA
January 12-15, 1994
EVENT:
Official Farewell Ceremony
DATE:
Saturday, January 15, 1994
TIME:
9:00 am-9:15 am
LOCATION:
St. George's Hall, Grand Kremlin Palace
ATTENDEES:
US
RUSSIA
The President
President Yeltsin
The First Lady
FM Kozyrev
Sec. Christopher
Others TBD
Mr. McLarty
Mr. Lake
Amb. Talbott
Amb. Raiser
Amb. Pickering
Mr. Gergen
PRESS:
Pool Coverage
SCENARIO:
The President is greeted by the Chief of Protocol,
Ambassador Vladimir Chernishev, upon arrival at the main entrance
of the Kremlin Grand Palace. Amb. Chernishev escorts the
President and participating delegation members up a long flight
of stairs to the second floor. An honor guard will be positioned
on the stairway.
The President turns right at the top of the stairs and enters St.
George's Hall. He proceeds down the carpet in the middle of the
hall as President Yeltsin simultaneously enters from the far end
of the room. Meeting at the designated point in the center of
the hall, the two presidents shake hands and exchange greetings.
Presidential and national anthems will be played. There is a
photo opportunity from risers on the side of hall. Russian
delegation members take their positions standing next to the
Russian delegation adjacent to the greeting point. [In reverse
of the welcoming ceremony, the U.S. delegation proceeds the
Russian delegation].
President Yeltsin will deliver brief farewell remarks from a
toast lectern near the meeting spot. The President will give a
brief response from a Russian-provided toast lectern.
Consecutive interpretation will be used.
After the greeting and remarks, the President will introduce the
members of the U.S. delegation to President Yeltsin. President
Yeltsin then introduces the Russian delegation. The farewell
ceremony concludes with the Chief of Protocol escorting the
President out of St. George's Hall and down the stairway to his
motorcade at the main entrance.
OFFICIAL DEPARTURE CEREMONY
THE KREMLIN
CONTEXT OF THE EVENT
You will depart Moscow much as you entered, meeting President
Yeltsin at St. George's Hall in the Kremlin. Mrs. Yeltsin will
be on hand to greet Mrs. Clinton as well. After entering from
opposite sides. you will follow President Yeltsin with brief
remarks in the center of the hall. You will have an opportunity
to thank members of the official delegations as you depart and
proceed to the airport. Your remarks will be provided
separately.
YOUR OBJECTIVES
o
Underscore the importance of the summit for building a
strong U.S. - Russian partnership.
Highlight our commitment to working closely with
President Yeltsin and other Russians devoted to
democratic principles and human rights, including the
new parliamentarians you met at the Spaso reception.
CORE POINTS
Much accomplished in few days of talks with President
Yeltsin to broaden partnership between Russia and U.S.
on security and foreign policy issues.
Democratic and economic reforms underway in Russia will
only strengthen partnership. U.S. and West stand ready
to support.