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Asian Pacific American Political Briefing for President Clinton’s Trip to Japan and Korea [loose]
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Asian Pacific American Political Briefing for President Clinton’s Trip to Japan and Korea [loose]
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Case Number: 2009-0528-F-2 FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential Library Staff. Folder Title: Asian Pacific American Political Briefing for President Clinton's Trip to Japan and Korea [loose] Staff Office-Individual: Executive Secretary-Itoh, William Original OA/ID Number: 826 Row: Section: Shelf: Position: Stack: 34 5 4 3 V ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN POLITICAL BRIEFING FOR PRESIDENT CLINTON'S TRIP TO JAPAN AND KOREA Democratic National Committee POLITICAL BRIEFING PREPARED BY THE ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN POLITICAL DESK VIDA BENAVIDES Director Of Asian Pacific American Political Affairs GRACE HO Deputy Director Of Asian Pacific American Political Affairs GEORGE K. CHEUNG Staff Intern Q. CINDY NGUYEN Staff Intern CHRISTOPHER J. TAN Staff Intern 430 South Capitol Street, S.E. Washington, D.C. 20003 (202) 863-8000 Paid for by the Democratic National Committee. Contributions to the Democratic National Committee are not tax deductible. Printed on Recycled Paper OUTLINE I. JAPAN p.1-6 U.S.-Japan Trade Effects: Domestic p.1-2 Slaying of a Japanese Exchange Student p.3-4 Japan-U.S. Minority Relations p.5 Masako Owada p.6 II. SOUTH KOREA p.7-10 South Central Los Angeles p.7-9 Cultural Exchange p.10 III. IMMIGRATION p.11 The Golden Venture p.12-14 IV. ATTACHMENT #1 Asian Pacific American Political Appointees V. ATTACHMENT #2 Chinese American Political Appointees VI. ATTACHMENT #3 Japanese American Political Appointees VII. ATTACHMENT #4 Korean American Political Appointees VIII. ATTACHMENT #5 Asian American Population by Ethnicity, 1990 & 1980 IX. ATTACHMENT #6 Comparison of Immigration Data X. ATTACHMENT #7 Legal Immigrants Admitted to U.S. Between 1820 and 1985 U.S.-JAPAN TRADE EFFECTS: DOMESTIC BACKGROUND The United States and Japan have long shared goals of mutual economic well being and regional stability. In economic terms, the two countries have become increasingly interdependent: the United States is by far Japan's most important foreign market: and Japan's market is the most valuable single country market for the United States, after Canada's. The trade flow runs heavily in Japan's favor. Annual U.S. trade deficits with Japan had been around $50 billion for 5 years, but declined to about $41 billion in 1990, and stood at $49 billion in 1992. Japan is the second largest (after Great Britain) source of foreign investment in the United States (including portfolio, direct, and other investment) totaling about $300 billion in 1990. U.S. investment in Japan amounted to $190 billion in 1990. *Source - CRS Issue Brief #IB92037 REACTION TO EVENTS On the domestic level, foreign relations and policy have possible repercussions for Asian Pacific Americans, including a rise of anti-Asian violence. For example, the U.S./Japan animosity regarding the trade issue that led to Japanese House Speaker Yoshio Sakurauchi's (sa-koo- raw-chi) derogatory comments about American workers unleashed a strong anti-Asian reaction in the United States which directly affected Americans of Asian descent. It is common knowledge that in times of economic hardships, a society will find scapegoats to unleash anger. Many people's frustrations are further fueled by the belief that the Japanese are buying up and taking over the U.S., causing a strong backlash against Asian Pacific Americans. -1- RECOMMENDED RESPONSES The great nations of the United States and Japan continue to grow and prosper from each other in ways of culture and trade. As we continue to become a global community, the Pacific Rim will be a key to the twenty-first Century. I feel strongly about developing a more equitable trading relationship with the country of Japan. However as acts of hate against the Asian Pacific American community have been on the rise due to the recession and Japan-bashing, this Administration recognizes the correlation of foreign policy decisions and the domestic repercussions. As a President that recognizes our nation's rich diversity as a source of strength rather than a weakness, I feel just as strongly about ensuring that Americans of Asian descent are not subjected to an increase in anti-Asian violence. (See Attachment #5) We must all make a conscientious effort to define and eradicate our prejudices. As President of the United States, I strive to set a national example as one way of alleviating strained race relations at home. I hope that with the guidance of the Asian Pacific American voices in my Administration, I will be able to successfully develop relations with Asia as well as prevent any increase in hate crimes towards Asian Pacific Americans. The continuing sensitivity towards different cultures is necessary with the stronger development of a global community. -2- JAPAN-U.S. MINORITIES RELATIONS BACKGROUND In recent years, insensitive, racially-explosive statements and practices by Japanese government and corporate leaders have damaged the image of Japan among African Americans and other U.S. minority groups. In 1986, then-Prime Minister Nakasone (na-ka-sony) and other Japanese politicians were denounced for making bigoted statements about the "low intelligence" of American blacks and Latinos. Similarly negative publicity was generated when it became known in 1987 that some Japanese companies were manufacturing "Little Black Sambo" dolls and other products that were demeaning to African Americans. In 1988, Liberal Democratic Party leader Michio Watanabe (mee-chi-o wah-tah-nah-bee) alleged that U.S. blacks were financially irresponsible and had no aversion to claiming bankruptcy and receiving public assistance. More recently in October, 1990, then-Japanese Justice Minister, Seiroku Kajiyama (seh-row'- koo ka-gee-ya-ma) rekindled anger by comparing foreign prostitutes arrested in Tokyo with American blacks who "ruin" white neighborhoods. Anger and suspicion has also been directed toward Japanese automobile manufacturers who have been accused of refusing to offer dealerships to African Americans and deliberately establishing plants away from population concentrations of U.S. minorities. REACTION TO EVENTS In response to these incidents, reactions in the U.S. have taken a number of forms. In 1988, the Congressional Black Caucus held a hearing on Japanese racism. Following the statements of Watanabe and Nakasone, pickets were organized in front of the Japanese embassy. A number of delegations of Black leaders, including the Reverend Jesse Jackson and the presidents of several black colleges have traveled to Japan to meet with government officials. At present, another African American delegation is being organized at the invitation of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The preeminent black think-tank, the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, has created a project specifically to increase understanding and improve relations between Japan and U.S. minorities. Public protests have included the destruction of Japanese products and calls to boycott all Japanese goods. -3- RECOMMENDED RESPONSE We must work together towards a world increasingly engaged in democracy, tolerant of diversity and respectful of human rights abroad and civil rights at home. The globalization of world affairs means the creation of a world community. We cannot ignore our growing interdependence. In order to grow together, we must combat past prejudices, and work towards mutual understanding and tolerance. -4- SLAYING OF A JAPANESE EXCHANGE STUDENT BACKGROUND Yoshihiro Hattori (yo-shee-he-row huh-to-ree), a Japanese foreign exchange student studying in Louisiana, became lost looking for a Halloween party when he was gunned down by a homeowner. The gunman who claimed self-defense was later acquitted of all charges. REACTION TO EVENTS A Japanese petition expressing concern over the incident has resulted in the collection of over 160,000 signatures. Most recently, these signatures have been turned over to Ambassador Michael Armacost in Tokyo, but Hattori's parents plan to deliver them to the White House in November for Yoshihiro's seventeenth birthday. From several sources, the issues are that the Japanese see America as trigger-happy gun fanatics and that they feel our judicial system doesn't work, as evidenced by the acquittal. RECOMMENDED RESPONSE The death of Yoshihiro Hattori is indeed a tragedy. Gun control, which includes the passage of the tough Brady Bill, is a top priority for the Clinton Administration. The signatures from the petition will be a reminder of the need to stop and prevent all senseless violence. Though this was a terrible incident, it was an isolated case. The United States remains a safe and secure place to work, travel, and engage in educational exchanges. Further, in regard to the acquittal, the case was tried as a criminal case, not one of civil rights, as advocated by many. With the new stance from the Supreme Court that strengthens hate crime laws, and the appointment of Attorney General Janet Reno, the penalties for acts like this will be toughest in the nation's history. -5- MASAKO OWADA BACKGROUND On June 9, 1993, Masako Owada (muh-saw-ko o-wah-da) became the new princess of Japan, wife of Crown Prince Naruhito (na-roo-he-toe), Emperor Akihito's (ah-kee-he-toe) elder son. The marriage of 29-year old Masako Owada and 33-year old Crown Prince Naruhito was the result of a 6 year courtship. The new Empress went to elite universities, Harvard and Oxford; she graduated magna cum laude; learned, as the child of globetrotting diplomat Hisashi Owada (he-saw-shee o-wah-da) five languages, and then passed a difficult ministry entrance examination. She was one of three women in a class of junior bureaucrats. In 1990, she got a desk in the prestigious North American division. Her career experience includes burrowing into the U.S.-Japan trade disputes, writing speeches for Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita (no-bo-roo ta-ka-shee-ta) and, in one instance, serving as translator for a meeting between U.S. Secretary of State James Baker and Foreign Minister Michio Watanabe (mee-chi-o wah-tah-nah-bee). REACTION TO EVENTS The juxtaposition of a thoroughly modern woman and the anachronistic responsibility and traditions of her new role has gained worldwide attention. The intrigue stems from whether the new princess will redefine her customary role, or whether she will preserve the time-honored duties of the Royal Court. Either way, the decision will be viewed as a commentary on the status of women as well as a the symbolic metaphor reflecting Japan's advancement or status quo. For Americans, the added interest stems from the parallel between the positions of Princess Masako and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton. Although the Japanese Constitution virtually precludes anything but a ceremonial role for the royals, Princess Masako, like the First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, has the potential and the possibility of redefining her new role. RECOMMENDED RESPONSE The world has only respect for the new Princess' individual accomplishments. Aside from the speculation of Princess Masako's future role and influence, her past achievements indicate that she can only be an asset and a compliment to the country of Japan. -6- SOUTH KOREA SOUTH CENTRAL LOS ANGELES BACKGROUND Although more than 2,000 Korean American businesses were destroyed, with a loss of $400 million - more than half the riots' economic toll, according to a study by UCLA Professor Paul Ong - the community's needs have not been adequately addressed due to their lack of political influence. Los Angeles County's Korean population has increased 140% in the last decade but it totals only 145,431. Of these, just 72,970 live in the city of Los Angeles, which has more than 3.5 million residents. Notwithstanding the linguistic and cultural barriers, the lack of services and the bureaucratic confusion of existing government assistance agencies like FEMA and SBA have exacerbated and prolonged their ordeal. REACTION TO EVENTS Months after the L.A. riots, there were many delegations from South Korea that went to visit the Korean American riot victims in South Central Los Angeles. These various groups consisted of politicians, businessman, and church leaders. They came to show support for the Korean American community through various ways. Aggregate financial contributions from South Korea totaled approximately four million dollars. The Korean consulate served to facilitate the recovery efforts in the Korean American community by serving as translators, assisting in donations of food and other necessities, and working with international organizations to deliver assistance to the victims. There was even a meeting between Dong Gyuh Kim (dong-giuh-kim), a Korean political leader, and the Reverend Cecil Murray, a prominent Los Angeles African American community leader. Then-presidential candidate Young Sam Kim did not visit South Central although he did send strong words of condolences and encouragement to the Korean American victims. Please note that his political opponent Dae Jung Kim (day-jung-kim) did make the trip. All the visits were made in an unofficial capacity, and the Korean government never issued an official statement in regards to the riot. There was concern from the Korean visitors and the Korean American community about keeping international and national affairs separate. Many speculate that Young Sam Kim did not visit riot-torn Los Angeles because he did not want to be perceived as "meddling" in an internal matter. -7- The residual effect of the riots has been the mobilization of political activity within this community. This experience has signaled the community's desire to depart from marginalism, and has been the impetus for inclusion. The recent Los Angeles mayoral election exemplifies the political galvanization of the Korean American community. They raised $600,000 in campaign contributions for Mike Woo for Mayor. The Los Angeles Times' exit poll show that 4% of the voters were Asian, and 69% of them voted for Michael Woo. Also, last year's victory of Representative Jay Kim (R-41st), the first Korean American United States congressman, attests to the community's desire for political recognition and representation. To the Korean American community, Edward Song Lee's death, the only Korean American of 56 people killed during the rioting, symbolizes their invisible status. Through this experience, examination of Korean/Black relations as well as Korean/White relations have transpired; thus, the Korean American community has started to define their political identity as a way of establishing a relationship with non-Korean communities. * PLEASE NOTE - The Korean newspapers are the conduit of information which help maintain the strong ties between Korea and the Korean American community. The personal tragedies of the Korean American riot victims and the larger societal problems of the United States are much talked about topics in South Korea. Likewise, the Korean Americans will be informed, through the published reports of the Korean press, of all the details of the President's trip to Seoul. -8- RECOMMENDED RESPONSE I have witnessed first-hand the devastation and destruction of South Central Los Angeles; I was in L.A. right after the riots occurred. The effect of the human and economic loss has translated into my administration's resolve to invigorate the economy of inner cities and include those communities that have been marginalized in the past. The horror of the riots resulted in at least one positive outcome -the progressive effort of the Korean community to mobilize politically. I am committed to diversity and inclusion. The Administration appointments attests to this effort of making sure that ALL of America is included in a collective political voice. In this way, we will combat the problem of race relations in the United States by setting a national example of Americans of different ethnic backgrounds working together. (See Attachment #1-4) I would also like to express my gratitude to the people of South Korea for their assistance of and concern to the Korean American riot victims. The concern and effort exemplifies the type of efforts needed to develop a world community. -9- CULTURAL EXCHANGE BACKGROUND The Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City will have two exhibitions in Korea coinciding with the President's visit. The first exhibition, "Celebrating Calder," is drawn primarily from the Permanent Collection of the Whitney Museum, one of the most comprehensive public collections of his work, and the pre-eminent Museum of American art in the world. This exhibition will be presented at the Sonje (sown-jay) Museum of Contemporary Art, Kyongu-shi (kyon-gu-shi), Korea from June 21st through September 19th. The 1993 Whitney Biennial will open on August 1st at the National Museum of Contemporary Art in Seoul, where it will remain on view through September 8th. The Whitney Biennials have been landmarks surveys of American art since they began in 1936, and have traditionally been devoted to surveying new groundbreaking art. REACTION TO EVENTS Within the art world, this is a major event. This will be the first time a Whitney Biennial will travel to a foreign country. RECOMMENDED RESPONSE I applaud the efforts of the Sonje Museum of Contemporary Art of Kyongu-shi and the National Museum of Contemporary Art in Seoul to present American culture to the people of South Korea. By allowing the Whitney Museum of American art. the pre-eminent Museum of American art in the world, to present American culture through American art, Korea demonstrates its openness to the continuation and growth of U.S./Korea relations. -10- IMMIGRATION BACKGROUND Immigration has always been the cornerstone of the American experience. Since its founding, the United States has prospered largely due to the invaluable contributions from immigrants who sought a better quality of life, or yearned for a democratic environment for themselves and their children. Their talents and determination to contribute has helped build America. However, due to historical exclusionary laws dating back to the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, most Chinese and Asian Pacific Americans were not allowed the same immigration rights until the 1943 Repeal of the Exclusion Act and ultimately the 1965 Immigration Reform Act. Since 1965, Asian Pacific Americans have been able to immigrate to the U.S. through the family reunification preference provisions. The Asian Pacific American population has increased during the past two decades primarily due to the new immigration policy. Despite Asian immigrants' late arrival, the contribution of the Asian Pacific American community towards our country's advancement is well documented. REACTION TO EVENTS As Asian Pacific Americans gain higher visibility during the 80's, coupled with misleading statements on the economic, environmental impacts caused by immigration, there is growing sentiments that U.S. immigration laws be restricted. Fueling this are recent highly publicized incidents of boat smuggling involving Chinese nationals which have unfairly thrust the Chinese American community into the national immigration debate. (See Attachment #6-7) -11- THE GOLDEN VENTURE BACKGROUND On June 6, 1993, a ship ran aground on a beach in New York with nearly 300 Chinese refugees aboard. Some of these refugees had paid up to $30,000 to smugglers for the trip to the U.S.A. The freighter Golden Venture had carried some of these refugees from as far as mainland China. REACTION TO EVENTS This incident has cemented a unified reaction against smuggling and illegal immigration among the Asian Pacific American community as well as mainstream America. Smuggling is exploitative and damaging to everyone. The government must take strong measures to investigate and prosecute those involved in the smuggling schemes. Enforcement of labor laws is required to limit the incentive for illegal immigration. In this way, those who are thinking of immigrating illegally will decrease as confidence in accessible jobs will be reduced. Although there is consensus regarding the enforcement of labor laws, some groups are concerned that employer sanctions serve to lock immigrants into certain jobs and make them even more vulnerable to exploitation. Enforcement of labor is required to limit the incentive for illegal immigration. Documented workers will want to take jobs that currently "regular" immigrants are unwilling to accept unless and until labor laws are more strictly enforced. Despite the strong shared feelings against criminal immigration activity, the Asian Pacific American community is concerned that these feelings will manifest into anti-Asian feelings and discriminatory practices. For example, the Asian Pacific American community is concerned about protecting the rights of asylum seekers. The Chinese asylum seekers from The Golden Venture, as well as all asylum seekers, must be treated humanely and granted due process under the law. This includes the right to counsel. David Ilchert, the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) San Francisco District Director, made comments that the Chinese American community was aware of the smuggling operation and was not coming forward with this information. Such blanket statements are regarded as extremely harmful. They are prejudiced and divisive, and fuel anti-immigrant and xenophobic sentiments. In addition, the recent smuggling of Chinese must not be used as a vehicle to curb existing asylum and family based immigration laws. Many people want to use the Golden Venture incident as another reason why the U.S. needs to crack down on all immigration. The Chinese community does not want to be used as a scapegoat for anti-immigrant sentiment. There have been images conjured up once more about the Yellow Peril, of hordes of illegal Asian immigrants swarming our borders, reminiscent of the xenophobic jargon of the late 1800's and early 1900's. -12- There have been many recent legislative proposals for stricter laws against immigrant smuggling as well as for the tightening of asylum and immigration laws. While everyone agrees that smuggling must be stopped, asylum and family reunification must be protected. Many of these proposals place legitimate political asylees in jeopardy and must be opposed. Concerns widely shared within Asian Pacific American coalitions are in regards to the protection of refugee and immigrant rights. The necessity of streamlining the asylum and immigration process is generally understood and agreed upon, yet many Asian Pacific American communities are concerned about the process with which this will take place. Many Asian Pacific American civil rights' organizations feel that it is critical to be included in the dialogue when considering a policy of "summary exclusion" and other possible streamlining measures. The issues of illegal immigration and immigrant smuggling require the cooperation and support of several parties for their successful resolution. -13- RECOMMENDED REMARKS The Clinton Administration recognizes immigrant smuggling to be a deplorable crime. Persons trying to enter the U.S. should not have to go through the conditions they endured on The Golden Venture. Additionally, smuggled immigrants are often forced by their smugglers into indentured servitude and/or crime. Stronger actions must be taken against immigrant smuggling, and stiffer penalties are a step in the right direction. The appointment of Attorney General Janet Reno and the choice of Doris Meissner to head INS affirms my resolve to contain illegal immigration activities while handling the immigration process in a fair and expeditious manner. -14- ATTACHMENT #1: ASIAN AMERICAN POLITICAL APPOINTEES Last Name First Name Agency Title Amores Angelynne HHS Exec Asst. A/S for Public Affairs Aranza Ferdinand DOI Spec Asst, Territorial Int'l Affairs Bagasao Paula WH **Temp. Offer at AID, mid-June** Baldia Christian WH Asst to Dir of Systems, Pres. Personnel Benavides Eugene WH Writer, Pres. Messages Bueno Edgar WH Assistant, White House Counsel Bueno Irene HHS Congressional Liason Specialist, Office of Congressional Liason Chang Jennifer HHS Spec Asst, Children & Families Chitre Nanda WH Manager, Pres. Personnel Chow Barbara WH Spec Asst to Pres. for Legislative Affairs Chow Edward VA DAS, Policy Chung Cathy EPA Program Advisor, Advance/Briefing Dam David Commerce Conf Asst, Public Affairs Das Tony Commerce Dep. Exec. Secretary Dozier Terri Education Spec Asst, Office of the Secretary Floresca Felipe WH Personnel Mgr, B&C, Pres. Personnel Gawande Atul HHS Sr Advsr to A/S, Planning & Evalu. Hahn Andrew WH Director, Presidential Letters & Msgs Haley Maria Luisa WH Spec Asst to Pres & Assoc Dir, Pres. Personnel Harrington Kathleen State Spec. Asst, E. Asian & Pac. Affairs Hayashi Dennis HHS Director, Office for Civil Rights Inadomi Leeann WH Dir of Cong Corresp, WH Legal Affairs Itoh William NSC Exec Secretary Lee Kathleen Wah HUD Specialist, Intergov'l Relations Lee Malcolm State Spec. Asst., Under Sec for Economic & Agricultural Affairs Lee Simon Un HUD Spec Asst, Congressional Relations Lew Ginger WH Personnel Mgr, Pres. Personnel Li Gordon WH Researcher, Pres. Personnel Lin Christiana WH Research Asst, Public Liason Marshall Thurgood, Jr. WH Legis Affrs Coord., OVP Matsui Doris WH Dep Asst to Pres & Dep Dir, Public Liaison Min Nancy Ann OMB Assoc Dir for Health Nishikawa Wendy WH Asst to Dep Dir of Public Liason Nguyen D.H. "Zoon" HUD Spec Asst, Fair Housing & Equal Opp. Prabhakar Arati Commerce Dir, Natl Inst of Stnds & Technology Rivas Ladice WH Office of Admin (D. Watkins) **Temp.** Rodgers Richard Commerce Conf. Asst, Leg & Intergov'l Afffairs Russel Matthew DOD Staff Specialist, OUSD Sagawa Shirley WH Spec Asst to Pres for Domestic Policy Sakura Daniel DOI Spec Asst, Nat'l Park Service Shon Debbie USTR Asst USTR for Intergov'l & Public Affairs Suyat Stanley EEOC Chief of Staff Wing Frank HUD Sr Advsr to the Secr. Whang Judith HHS Spec Asst Yanagi Sharon Commerce Spec Asst, Leg. Affrs. Yee Melinda Commerce Spec Asst to Secr. & Sr Advsr on the Pac. Rim; detailed to California Task Force BOARDS & COMMISSIONS Lal Dhyan Commiss Member, WH Comm on Pres Scholars Shimoura James Commiss Member, WH Comm on Pres Scholars ATTACHMENT #2: CHINESE AMERICAN POLITICAL APPOINTEES Last Name First Name Agency Title Chang Jennifer HHS Spec Asst, Children & Families Chow Barbara WH Spec Asst to Pres. for Legislative Affairs Chow Edward VA DAS, Policy Lee Kathleen Wah HUD Specialist, Intergov'l Relations Lee Malcolm State Spec. Asst., Under Sec for Economic & Agricultural Affairs Lew Ginger WH Personnel Mgr, Pres. Personnel Li Gordon WH Researcher, Pres. Personnel Lin Christiana WH Research Asst, Public Liason Min Nancy Ann OMB Assoc Dir for Health Wing Frank HUD Sr Advsr to the Secr. Yee Melinda Commerce Spec Asst to Secr. & Sr Advsr on the Pac. Rim; detailed to California Task Force ATTACHMENT #3: JAPANESE AMERICAN POLITICAL APPOINTEES Last Name First Name Agency Title Hayashi Dennis HHS Director, Office for Civil Rights Inadomi Leeann WH Dir of Cong Corresp, WH Legal Affairs Itoh William NSC Exec Secretary Matsui Doris WH Dep Asst to Pres & Dep Dir, Public Liaison Nishikawa Wendy WH Asst to Dep Dir of Public Liason Sagawa Shirley WH Spec Asst to Pres for Domestic Policy Sakura Daniel DOI Spec Asst, Nat'l Park Service Yanagi Sharon Commerce Spec Asst, Leg. Affrs. BOARDS & COMMISSIONS Shimoura James Commiss Member, WH Comm on Pres Scholars ATTACHMENT #4: KOREAN AMERICAN POLITICAL APPOINTEES Last Name First Name Agency Title Chung Cathy EPA Program Advisor, Advance/Briefing Hahn Andrew WH Director, Presidential Letters & Msgs Lee Simon Un HUD Spec Asst, Congressional Relations Shon Debbie USTR Asst USTR for Intergov'l & Public Affairs Whang Judith HHS Spec Asst Attachment #5 Asian and Pacific Islander American Population by Ethnicity For 1990 and 1980 Total U.S. Pop. 1980 to 1990 % Total U.S. Pop. Ethnicity 1990 1980 % Inc. 1990 1980 TOTAL API 7,273,662 3,726,440 95.2% 2.9% 1.6% Chinese 1,645,472 812,178 102.6% 0.7% 0.4% Filipino 1,406,770 781,894 79.9% 0.6% 0.3% Japanese 847,562 716,331 18.3% 0.3% 0.3% Korean 798,849 357,393 123.5% 0.3% 0.2% Vietnamese 614,547 245,025 123.5% 0.3% 0.2% Laotian 149,014 47,683 212.5% 0.1% 0.1% Cambodian 147,411 16,044 818.8% 0.1% ** Thai 91,275 45,279 101.6% ** ** Other API 1,572,762 704,613 123.2% 0.6% 0.3% TOTAL U.S. POPULATION: 248,709,873 226,545,805 9.8% 100.0% 100.0% ***** Projections of Asian Pacifics in the United States by Nativity (x1000) U.S. Born F-Born Total %F-Born %U.S. Born 1990 Total 2,632 4,633 7,274 64% 36% ** Signifies less than one-tenth of one percent. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1980 & 1990 Censuses Attachment #6 Comparison of Immigration Data Chinese Japanese Korean Filipino Vietnamese 1980 by foreign-born 514,000 203,000 293,000 506,000 222,000 1980 by country of birth 286,000 222,000 290,000 501,000 231,000 1990 by foreign-born 977,000 387,000 670,000 1,006,000 534,000 1990 by country of birth 543,000 422,000 673,000 998,000 556,000 Estimated new immigration 456,000 193,000 382,000 555,000 315,000 Publ. INS report (80-89) 419,000 41,000 337,000 467,000 396,000 *The estimated new immigration is determined by subtracting t 1980 Asian Pacific American foreign-born survivals from the 19 foreign-born population. Attachment #7 According to U.S. Immigration Statistics, the following numbers of legal immigrants were admitted to the U.S. between 1820 and 1985: Germany: 7,031,370 Italy: 5,330,060 Ireland: 4,697,290 Austria/Hungary: 4,326,000 China: 735,095 Hong Kong: 242,077