Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
44169821
label
Trip Book - POTUS [President of the United States] Trip to Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina, October 12-19, 1997 (part 2) [2]
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
44169821
sourceUrl
contentType
document
title
Trip Book - POTUS [President of the United States] Trip to Venezuela, Brazil and Argentina, October 12-19, 1997 (part 2) [2]
citationUrl
collections
Records of the National Security Council Records Management Office (Clinton Administration)
Records Management Administrative Files
largeImageUrl
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
44169821
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
otherTitles
42-t-7585710-20091155F-017-003-2016
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
92e549735d35c3ac
ocrText
Case Number: 2009-1155-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
Folder Title:
Trip Book-POTUS [President of the United States] Trip to Venezuela, Brazil & Argentina,
October 12-19, 1997 (part 2) [2]
Staff Office-Individual:
Records Management
Original OA/ID Number:
3628
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
Stack:
47
3
9
2
V
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
10-30-97
TOWN HALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
REGIONAL ISSUES
Q: Your country has benefited from the global economy but in this
part of the world there are too many people who cannot find jobs
that pay enough to live on. Hasn't globalization meant the
impoverishment of large segments of our societies?
Promoting free trade and open markets is the best way to create
new jobs and help lift millions out of poverty in this
hemisphere and around the globe. The alternative, closed
economies and non-market approaches is precisely the wrong
answer -- everywhere it has been tried it has yielded only
inefficiency and stagnation.
At the same time, spreading the benefits of this global economy
so that everyone is lifted out of poverty, is one of the
greatest challenges we face. Our central goal must be to
ensure that the benefits of open markets and free trade are
fairly distributed.
A key element is to invest more resources in educating our
children. For those who don't already have the skills or
opportunity to succeed in this new economy, we have an
obligation to provide education, training, and access to
technology to learn new skills and find new jobs.
We are reaching a new hemispheric consensus that universal
education is the key to eradicating poverty. President Cardoso
and I reaffirmed this priority this week by signing an
Education Partnership that will help us join forces to improve
standards, increase teacher training, and expand the use of
t.echnology in the classroom.
When the leaders of the hemisphere meet again next Spring in
Santiago, we will focus on education and poverty alleviation as
core issues on our hemispheric agenda. Our hemisphere's
security depends on spreading prosperity as widely and
diversely as possible.
Q: Why have you waited so long to come to South America? Does it
mean that we are not important to the U.S.?
Relations with Latin America and the Caribbean has been a
priority since the very start of my Presidency.
2
The passage of NAFTA was one of my Administration's most
important early achievements.
In 1994, I acted to defend the Mexican financial system from
a crisis that had profound implications for the hemisphere.
My Administration organized and hosted the Summit of the
Americas in 1994 to build a comprehensive agenda for the
hemisphere that finds common solutions to our common
problems.
I also have appointed Mack McLarty as my special envoy to
the region, a signal of the strong commitment my
Administration places on these important relationships.
I am pleased to be here in South America at this historic
juncture. We stand at the crossroads of a new century and a new
outlook on our role in the world. I firmly believe that we will
either march forward together toward a more prosperous and
secure 21st century, or we will find ourselves increasingly
disadvantaged in today's fast-paced global economy.
Q: Why have you decided to start an arms race in Latin America,
just when governments are beginning to focus on poverty and
civilian control of the military is still weak?
We have never sought and do not now seek to foster an arms race
in Latin America. We recognize that the hemisphere has changed
dramatically in the last ten years: almost completely
democratic, with strong civilian control of the military, border
disputes largely resolved, and flourishing cross-border trade
and investment.
In that light, it no longer made sense to presumptively deny
requests from our democratic partners in the hemisphere or to
treat Latin America differently from other regions of the world.
We will review each request on a case by case taking into
account regional military and security implications.
At the same time, we want to further strengthen the process of
defense cooperation and confidence-building underway in the
region. We are working at the OAS to enhance hemispheric
confidence and security-building measures and transparency of
arms acquisitions and we have initiated a series of Defense
3
Ministerials of the Americas designed to increase defense
cooperation and strengthen civilian control.
Q: What gives the United States the right to judge other
countries' human rights policies?
These are not American values -- they are universal concepts
enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, concepts
of freedom of expression, freedom of conscience, freedom from
abuse -- rights that belong to all human beings.
At the same time, human rights and respect for the individual
are central to our identity as a nation. That is why the
American people expect and demand that their government advance
these values in our foreign policy. That's nothing I apologize
for.
Certainly, the United States has its own legacy of racial divide
that still must be overcome. Healing the wounds of religious,
ethnic or racial division is something that I have personally
dedicated myself to for my entire life.
Ultimately, by speaking out against human rights violations
wherever they occur, we can increase overall awareness of these
values and strengthen adherence to these universal standards --
in the United States and throughout the world.
Q: Why has the United States pressured Latin American countries
so hard on money laundering?
Every year drug users spend millions of dollars feeding their
habit, money that ends up in the hands of narcotics traffickers,
criminal organizations and terrorists groups.
But first, it has to be laundered, usually crossing borders
with the tap of a computer key. That's why, to stop this
activity, we need the cooperation of all affected countries.
We applaud Argentina's leadership in the coordinated hemispheric
effort to frustrate those who attempt to launder the proceeds of
illicit activity.
Q: For years, the United States was associated with actions to
undermine democracy in Latin America and to support some of the
more repressive regimes in the region -- all in the name of
4
fighting communism. Shouldn't the U.S. apologize for its past
behavior?
The recent history of this hemisphere, including its darker
moments, should be a constant reminder to all of us -- the
United States and countries in this region -- of the central
importance of democracy and respect for individual rights.
Over the past two decades, the Americas have undergone an
historic transformation. Latin America was once marked by
military dictatorship, repression, communist insurgency, violent
coups, and command economies. Today, every nation in the
hemisphere but one is a democracy; respect for human rights has
dramatically improved; and trade barriers have come down. This
fundamental evolution has meant far greater opportunity,
prosperity and freedom for the people of the Americas.
Our priority today must be to lock in these gains and secure
them for the future. Today, there is a consensus in the
hemisphere -- unique in the world -- that democracy is the only
legitimate form of government and that threats to democracy will
be addressed by countries of the region collectively.
Q: As you deport U.S. gang members, they go home to Central
America and start local gangs there. What is the United States
prepared to do about this?
We recognize that crime has become too common and too violent in
the hemisphere and we are committed to work with other
governments to address it.
We are prepared to assist the authorities of the receiving
countries - in Central America or elsewhere - to better identify
these individuals and the crimes they have been convicted of
prior to their return. This will enable local authorities to
take whatever preventative measures are necessary. We also are
discussing with local authorities additional ways to diminish
the impact of such returns.
We are also planning to establish an International Law
Enforcement Academy in the region to help authorities in Central
America and throughout the Americas to help reduce crime.
5
Q: Why does the United States discriminate against Latin American
agricultural exports?
The United States does not discriminate against Latin American
agricultural exports. In fact, our agricultural trade is
booming, to the benefit of consumers and producers in both the
United States and in South America. In 1996, for instance, we
imported more than $700 million in agricultural products from
Argentina. [overall agr. figure] And those numbers are
increasing as a result of a recent decision on Argentine beef.
I'd say we have a pretty good appetite for your produce.
At the same time, every government has an obligation to ensure
that foods available on the market are safe and healthy. I
recently instructed our Agriculture Department to take steps to
strengthen our protections and safeguards against the import of
unsafe food and produce - not just from Latin America but from
every region in the world.
This is not a trade barrier; it is a public health measure.
Q. Argentina, Brazil and other Latin countries have been fighting
over who should represent Latin America in a new U.N. Security
Council. What does the United States think?
My Administration believes that Latin America, Asia and Africa
each should have a permanent seat on the Security Council, in
addition to Germany and Japan.
How these seats are allocated is not for the United States but
for the countries of the regions themselves to decide.
Q: What is the United States doing to make the internet more
accessible to people around the world?
The internet is a powerful tool for global communication,
learning, and commerce -- the power of which few of us
understood only years ago. Its development can empower
individual citizens by providing them with information and ideas
that know no national boundary or ideological frontier.
We are doing a lot to ensure broader access to this important
new medium -- just yesterday I inaugurated a school in Rio with
new internet capabilities and my Administration launched the
GLOBE internet program to hook-up American schools with schools
6
around the world. Over 50 countries are participating, including
Argentina and Brazil.
I also have articulated a set of principles that we refer to as
Global Electronic Commerce, which recognize the importance of
the internet and the need to encourage its development through
market-driven forums. I'm pleased that President Menem has
embraced this approach.
TRADE
Q: Does your struggle for Fast Track signal that the people of the
United States don't really want to be a part of this hemisphere?
No. One of the reasons I came to South America is to witness
first hand the explosive growth here and to help explain to
Americans that if we don't join this exciting development, we
will be left behind.
The United States is the most open economy in the world. Our
workers are among the most productive, and our products among
the most competitive. The American people benefit from our
active participation in the world trading system.
At the same time, free trade can mean painful adjustments for
certain sectors of the economy.
Our goal must be to provide all our citizens with the tools to
benefit from the opportunities of the global economy.
We also have to ensure that trade expansion does not come at the
expense of environmental standards or worker rights. Free trade
must lift our societies, not degrade them.
Q. Why is the U.S. pushing so hard for the Free Trade Area of the
Americas? What will you do if your Congress does not give you
fast track authority?
History and our own experience show that liberalizing trade is
critical to promoting economic prosperity. Open markets benefit
all countries involved, contributing to technology transfer, job
creation and improved standards of living.
For example, U.S. exports to Latin America have grown 200% since
1990 -- reaching $109 billion last year. Overall, trade has
7
generated one-third of America's strong economic growth and 2
million well-paying jobs for U.S. workers.
Similarly, your own experience in Argentina confirms the
advantages generated by open trade and investment regimes.
Since Argentina sharply reduced its trade barriers and created
the Mercosur customs union in the 1990's, productivity has
soared, and overall living standards are improving.
Rapid progress on negotiation of the FTAA will further
strengthen South America's reform process, providing it with new
opportunities to boost exports and attract investment.
Q: Did you make any progress on FTAA during your trip?
We reached agreement that we should launch comprehensive and
broad-scale negotiations on the Free Trade Area of the Americas
next April in Santiago. We also agree that we will implement the
FTAA as a single undertaking no later than 2005 and we agree on
the need for concrete progress toward this goal by 2000. This
moves us from a common agenda to a common action plan.
Q. What does the U.S. think of Mercosur? Doesn't it interfere
with the formation of a hemispheric free trade area?
We see Mercosur as an opportunity, not an adversary. Mercosur
has played a positive role in opening markets in the Southern
Cone and in supporting economic reform programs undertaken by
its members. In turn, these achievements have helped lay the
foundation for further progress on market liberalization through
the FTAA and the WTO.
As a leading trading partner of Mercosur's members, the U.S. has
benefited enormously from the group's formation. U.S. exports
to Mercosur almost tripled over the last 6 years, reaching $18
billion last year.
Mercosur and the process of integration it symbolizes also has
helped support democracy and reduce regional tensions. Like
NAFTA and the Caribbean and Central American common market,
MERCOSUR is an important stepping stone to an FTAA, and is
accelerating the pace of regional integration.
8
Q: NAFTA has failed to improve life on the border - wages are low,
poverty is high and water and air are dirty. Why do you want to
export NAFTA's model to the region if it has been a failure?
I disagree. NAFTA has made possible a whole new era of
cooperative relations between Mexico and the United States on
the broad range of economic, environmental and social concerns
we share across our 2,000 mile border. [TK Mexico press
conference]
Unquestionably, the financial crisis Mexico experienced at the
end of 1994, and the Mexican recession which followed in 1995,
made life more difficult for most Mexicans. But because of
NAFTA, Mexico recovered much more rapidly than it had from
previous financial crises -- returning to international
financial markets after only 7 months in 1995 -- compared with
seven years in 1982. Mexican output grew 5% in 1996 and
recovery has picked up pace this year.
On the environment, many border problems were decades in the
making and to expect them to be resolved in three years is
simply unrealistic. We are working together with Mexico and
Canada to improve our ability to address pollution and we are
beginning to see environmental success stories emerge on the
border.
ENVIRONMENT:
Q: Why is the United States, the world's largest polluter, asking
us to help clean up the environment? Why should we be constrained
on how we develop when the U.S. and rest of the industrialized
world were not?
One of the gravest challenges we face is climate change. The
evidence is compelling that greenhouse gases are leading to
global warming, and that global warming will lead to profound
changes in the way we lead our lives. Infectious diseases will
spread more rapidly, the oceans will rise, and the world's map
will change dramatically. These will harm our citizens' health
and quality of life regardless of where they live.
Five years ago, the nations of the world began to address this
challenge at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. And this
December, we will arrive at a crucial crossroads at the U.N.
Conference on Climate Change in Kyoto. There we will set binding
9
limits for ourselves on carbon dioxide emissions, and we will
create a blueprint we hope others will follow.
Some say the problem is insoluble. They used to say the same
thing about ozone depletion, a special concern to Argentina and
to all of us concerned about the Antarctica. But we just
celebrated the tenth anniversary of the Montreal Protocol, and
we are making real progress toward limiting our production of
fluorocarbons, the chemicals eating a hole in the earth's
atmosphere.
The United States bears a special responsibility for climate
change. We have contributed more than our share to the release
of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. It is only fair that
we work hard toward a solution. But we cannot do it without the
help of our friends in the developed and developing world.
I know some people in the developing world would say, we didn't
cause the problem, we don't have to be part of the solution.
But this is a global problem that can only be addressed
collectively. That is why we ask them to join us in acting now
so that today's progress does not come at tomorrow's expense
We should not and we are not asking the developing countries to
go it alone. The United States will provide a billion dollars
to help developing nations find alternative energy sources and
use them more efficiently. [TK] At the Miami Summit, we made
sustainable development a key component of the hemispheric
agenda. Next year, at the Santiago Summit, we plan to make this
agenda a cornerstone of a new era in inter-American cooperation.
Together, we need to move from national rivalries to partnership
and progress. This is not an American issue, or an Argentine
issue, or a developing world issue. It is a world issue.
Q: Brazil has proposed tough restrictions on developed country
greenhouse gas emissions for climate change negotiations. Will
the United States accept this?
Just last week I held extensive consultations with a wide
variety of people on climate change issues, and we are
finalizing our own position as the world convenes next week in
Bonn for the final preparatory round.
I discussed this issue with President Cardoso and President
Menem in some detail. I wanted to understand Brazilian thinking
10
before I finalize our position. An effective treaty requires
the active and constructive participation of all countries.
There are some tough political choices ahead for all of us.
The problem is one that will require a shared sense of
responsibility if we are to solve it.
Q: What about burning in the rainforest? Isn't it getting worse,
not better?
The rainforests here and elsewhere around the world are of
importance to all mankind. I am pleased that our two
governments and non-governmental organizations from both
countries have a growing program of cooperation on rainforest
study, preservation and research.
We are expanding our cooperation on the rainforest into space.
NASA and the Brazilian Space Agency are working together on a
number of projects relating to the environment and rainforest in
particular. I am pleased that Brazil is our newest partner in
the International Space Station, which will provide an excellent
scientific platform to improve our knowledge of our environment.
The United States will be contributing $10 million to the G-7
Pilot Program for the Amazon, which is conducted fully in
cooperation with the Government of Brazil.
When I go to Bariloche with President Menem, we will have
something more to say on our common approach to addressing the
environment.
We need to address rainforest issues in a spirit of partnership
and responsibility.
Q: Isn't it unjust that the United States consumes so much energy,
with so small a share of the world population?
The United States is the world's largest economy and plays an
important role in the overall health and stability of the global
economy. It is important that the United States balances its
legitimate energy needs with the protection of the global
environment while at the same time sustaining economic growth.
We have made dramatic strides at increasing the energy
efficiency of our economy -- through advanced technology,
conservation and renewable energy, we have begun a historic
11
transformation for an industrial based economy to a technology
or information based economy. It is an important issue and one
that I've discussed with Presidents Caldera, Cardoso and Menem
during this trip, and we will discuss them further as a
hemisphere next Spring at the Santiago Summit.
Q: Why should we care about protecting forests when we can't feed
our children?
This is a false choice. Protecting our environment and growing
our economies do not have to come at each other's expense. In
the United States, the Vice President and I work hard at finding
the right balance of protecting our natural resources while
giving people the tools to grow and prosper in the new global
economy.
As we give our citizens the necessary tools to succeed and
prosper in the global economy we must not walk away from the
new challenges of the 21st century. Protecting the rainforest,
one of South America's greatest treasure will be critical to
sustaining our planet's heritage, ecosystems and natural
resources - we must be able to do both.
IMMIGRATION
Q: What is your view of the recent efforts in Congress to act on
your proposal to change certain parts of the recent immigration
law affecting Central Americans and others who have been in the
United States for long periods of time?
In July, I transmitted to the Congress a legislative proposal to
remedy the harsh, unintended consequences of the new immigration
law for Central Americans and others who have developed
substantial ties to the United States. It does so by permitting
them to be considered on a case-by-case basis under the rules
that were in effect at the time their immigration cases were
initiated. This is a fair, even-handed, and measured approach.
Several Republicans in the House announced their intention to
introduce a bill that would provide relief to Central Americans,
including an amnesty to most Nicaraguans in the U.S. We welcome
Congressional efforts to treat immigrants fairly, but want to
make sure the proposal is fair.
My Administration's goal is to provide even-handed treatment to
all Central Americans who sought refuge in United States as well
12
as others who have developed substantial equities here. I
strongly urge the Congress to act but to do so quickly SO that
these individuals can get on with their lives.
COLOMBIA
Q: Your Administration has taken a very harsh approach to
Colombia, decertifying its counterdrug efforts and denying
President Samper's visa. Now, because Samper is so weak, the
guerrillas are gaining strength. Do you think this policy is a
success or a failure?
Our approach to Colombia is driven by the fact that it is the
number one source of cocaine and an increasing source of heroin
entering the United States.
We have continued our cooperation with those elements of the
Colombian government and society dedicated to fighting drug
trafficking.
Over the last year, I have authorized significant increases in
counternarcotics assistance to the Colombian security forces to
help them interdict and eradicate these drugs before they enter
the United States.
We are concerned that the level of violence associated with the
internal conflict in Colombia is increasing and that some groups
seek to disrupt elections scheduled this month. We favor any
measures to end the violence and to hold elections as scheduled,
which is important to maintaining the democratic process. We
support an OAS election observer mission.
MEXICO
Q: Why do you treat migrants from Mexico like criminals and
militarize our common border?
We need to ensure that immigration to U.S. is legal and fair.
We and Government of Mexico are working very closely to ensure
that basic rights of anyone apprehended are respected.
Where isolated cases of abuses have occurred, we investigate
thoroughly and, where warranted, punish abusers.
13
CUBA
Q: Is it true that your government won't let in Cubans fleeing
persecution but you want Argentina and other countries to admit
them?
We take in 6,000 Cuban political refugees every year. To deter
unsafe and illegal migration from Cuba, we have asked other
countries to accept small numbers so they can be resettled.
ARGENTINA POLITICS
Q: We hold mid-term elections later this month that could
increase the chance of an opposition victory in the Presidential
elections in 1999. How will U.S. relations with Argentina change
if the opposition takes power?
Relations between our two countries are at an historic high. It
is a relationship based not just on the similar outlook I share
with President Menem on many issues, but upon a broad spectrum
of common interests between our two countries-- economic,
global, environmental. Our two countries have a great deal in
common as we face the challenges and opportunities of the next
century. And this is more than a bilateral phenomenon. Our two
countries have led a process of hemispheric convergence which is
only now gaining momentum.
I am confident that our deep and broad relationship will remain
strong beyond President Menem's administration and my own, and
will ensure that our close relationship will continue.
Q: What is the U.S. doing to help us get back the Malvinas
(Falkland) Islands?
My talks with President Menem have given me a profound
appreciation for the importance of this matter to the people of
Argentina. I understand how deeply your views are felt.
There have been great advances in Argentine-UK relations in many
areas such as trade, military relations, even joint peacekeeping
in Cyprus. We are very encouraged by the dramatically improved
climate of understanding and cooperation. My hope, consistent
with what we have said all along in the UN and to both
countries, is that our two close friends will continue their
14
direct dialogue. There is every reason to hope, with continued
good will on both sides, for even more progress in the future.
Q: You must be aware of the problem of corruption and judicial
manipulation in Argentina, which many blame on President Menem. Do
you consider this a serious problem in our relationship? Did you
discuss this with President Menem?
I understand that there is a lot of discussion and concern
about this subject, and because it has become an issue in your
congressional elections, I will limit my comments. Corruption,
first and foremost, is a moral issue and it is a problem
everywhere in the world. So change must begin with
individuals.
Second, as a general principle, for good government to work on
behalf of the people, it must be transparent and should not
become overly involved in the economy. This is one reason why
we believe in freeing the economy in many areas from direct
government ownership, as Argentina has done.
Third, we are working closely with other countries and
institutions in the hemisphere, including Argentina, to bring
attention to this problem and work together to reduce
corruption and promote good government, for example by
strengthening judiciaries and professionalizing police forces.
Q. You say human rights have improved in Argentina, but
journalists are under attack here and elsewhere. Did you
raise this with President Menem?
A free and unfettered press is essential to democracy. As
democracies strengthen in the Americas, we must address this
issue head on so that civil society can flourish.
We applaud important work already being done in this area by the
inter-American human rights system. Believe OAS members should
look at other ways of bolstering free press, as countries in
Europe have done.
Q: Why is the U.S. giving Major Non-NATO ally status to
Argentina? Isn't this just another way to disrupt regional
cooperation in Latin America?
15
I have notified the Congress of my intention to grant Major Non-
NATO Ally status to Argentina in recognition of Argentina's
contribution to global peacekeeping.
MNNA status symbolizes the close cooperation between Argentina
and the United States in international peacekeeping, and the
importance we attach to Argentine leadership in this field,
both here in the hemisphere and beyond. It is our way of
recognizing the sacrifice Argentines have made in missions of
peace in Cyprus, Haiti, Kuwait, the former Yugoslavia, and
elsewhere. It is in no way intended to drive a wedge between
Argentina and its neighbors, whom we would be happy to consider
for a similar designation.
I have discussed with Presidents Menem and Cardoso the
important and very positive trends underway in the Southern
Cone, represented in deepening security cooperation among the
states in this region, and exemplified by the emergence of
MERCOSUR as a positive force for integration. We welcome and
support these developments, which we believe support democracy
and economic reform, reduce regional tensions, and expand
trade, including our trade with the region. We have no aim to
divide the countries of the Southern Cone; to the contrary, we
support their increasing integration.
Q: Foreign Minister di Tella has said that Argentina wants "carnal
relations" with the U.S. We also have a very close relationship
with Brazil and Mercosur. As the leader of the only superpower,
how do you see Argentina's role in the world today?
Under President Menem, Argentina has not only transformed its
economy, but has also sought a new, more responsible place in
the world community with closer relations to other developed
countries, including the United States. Of course, the United
States has welcomed this important change. One of the reasons I
decided to visit Argentina was to recognize and highlight the
very positive role this country has played on the world stage.
Argentina's participation in major international missions around
the globe -- from Haiti to Bosnia - and its efforts on other
global challenges like nonproliferation, counterterrorism, and
the environment has contributed significantly to their success.
Of course, Argentina has other important allies and
relationships, including Brazil and the other Mercosur members.
These relationship are not a zero sum game. We have no desire
that Argentina should choose between Brazil and the U.S., any
16
more than we have forced the nations of Europe to choose between
their relations with each other, and with the U.S. These
nations are all close friends of the United States and we are
all part of the same hemispheric family of democracies. The
nations of the Americas are cooperating more and more towards
accomplishing our common goals and common values, and I am
looking forward to visiting Santiago next year with other
hemispheric leaders for the next Summit of the Americas.
Q: Why does the U.S. continue to complain about Argentina's patent
law?
In today's world, in which information-based industries are
critical to economic progress, it is essential that innovators
receive the protection required to enable them to reap the
benefits of their work. Without such protection, innovators
will have little incentive to develop and market their ideas,
and society as a whole will be poorer.
Unfortunately, Argentina's pharmaceutical patent law does not
protect innovators' rights. This failure discourages investment
in Argentina's pharmaceutical sector, and penalizes Argentine
consumers. Perhaps more importantly, it undermines Argentina's
efforts to develop the information-based, high-value added
industries which are key to the country's economic future.
Q. The U.S. has accumulated a bilateral trade surplus of over $12
billion with Argentina over the last five years. Still, the U.S.
maintains significant barriers to Argentine exports, as shown with
lemons, peanuts and seamless pipe. Why is this the case?
Although we have disagreements over a few products, this should
not obscure the overall health of our bilateral trade
relationship and the importance of the American market to
Argentina. Since 1990, Argentina's exports to the U.S. have
doubled--rising from $1.1 billion to well over $2 billion. We
recently opened the market to imports of Argentine fresh beef,
for example. And we need to move forward with negotiation of
the FTAA.
Q. It seems like every day more and more Argentine companies are
being bought or taken over by big foreign firms, including U.S.
ones. Do U.S. companies plan to take over the whole country? What
kind of future do our local companies have?
The same thing that you see happening in Argentina is happening
around the world--the globalization of the economy. The
17
revolution in communications and other changes mean that
competition between businesses is taking place not just on a
local or national scale, but on a global one. This process can
be frightening, as some familiar companies fail to meet these
new challenges, or have to lay off workers to survive. At the
same time, however, new export opportunities create new jobs,
and consumers get better products at better prices.
If we prepare our citizens and companies to survive in the new
global economy, everyone can come out ahead over time.
Q. In Argentina, we are living through a difficult period now
with very high unemployment. What do you think of the situation
here? Are you impressed with what you have seen?
I wish I had more time to get to know Argentina better, but
what I have seen and heard makes me think Argentina is on the
right track. Argentina has firmly established democracy after
a very difficult period of dictatorship, something you are
about to demonstrate again in the elections later this month.
You have also reformed and modernized your economy and public
services, made it possible for businesses to compete and grow,
and made your country an attractive place for foreign
investors, including Americans. These are real achievements
that I think all Argentines can be proud of.
I know that not everyone is benefiting yet from economic
reforms, and that there are a lot of people without jobs.
There are other social problems and institutional reforms that
need to be addressed too. But I believe that with those
essential ingredients of a strong democracy and an open
economy, Argentina will find ways to deal with these challenges
and ensure that more people share in the benefits of your
country's economic transformation.
Finally, I want to add that I have been extremely impressed by
the warmth, sophistication and energy of the Argentine people.
You have a beautiful, vibrant capital city, and I am looking
forward to seeing some of Argentina's natural beauty in
Bariloche this weekend.
18
Q. Isn't the United States concerned about Argentina's heavy
reliance on foreign capital and the possibility of economic
instability? Will the U.S. save Argentina from a future peso
crisis, as it did Mexico?
President Menem led the unprecedented, remarkably successful
reforms which have made Argentina one of the most promising
emerging markets in the world. When crisis hit Latin American
finances in 1995, Argentina held firm -- and did not compromise
on stability or market-oriented policies. U.S. investors have
confidence in Argentina.
Q. Why doesn't the US have an ambassador in Argentina? When will
we get one?
We have a very capable Charge d'Affairs and embassy staff that
are more than qualified to represent US interests in Argentina.
I am sorry to say that we have had some delays in naming a new
Ambassador in Argentina. There are a number of reasons for
this, including our complicated process of Congressional
approval for ambassadorial appointments. I can assure you,
though, that I consider Argentina one of the United States'
best friends and closest partners in the world, and I plan to
get a new U.S. Ambassador in place very soon.
Q: Why is the US exporting its pollution problems to Argentina?
The US is not exporting its pollution problems to Argentina. In
fact, the US is working closely with the Government of Argentina
to cooperate in reducing toxic and greenhouse gas emissions in
this part of the world. I am consulting with President Menem
and other leaders on a new approach in the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions. This new climate change action plan
would allow developed countries to invest in environmental
protection programs in developing countries and share credit for
emission reductions in those countries. With the help of
Argentina, we hope to be able to draw worldwide support for this
program.
Q: Why does the US allow American companies to buy and pollute
Argentine land?
The US does not allow or encourage US companies to buy up and
pollute Argentine land. The US encourages the Government of
Argentina to pass and enforce stricter laws for the protection
of the environment in Argentina. The US government regularly
19
invites scientists, government officials and other professionals
to the United States to trade expertise and skills to be used in
the protection of the environment in Argentina. During this
visit, I hope to sign an agreement between the National Parks
Administration of Argentina and the US National Parks Service
that would provide a conduit for the exchange of know-how in the
protection of national parks, forests and protected areas.
CUBA
Q: Castro is still in power, repressing the Cuban people. When
they try to flee, you send them back. Why?
The phenomenon of Cuban migration is rooted fundamentally in the
inability of the Cuban government to satisfy the basic material
needs and democratic longings of the Cuban people. We are
responding to these migration pressures in an appropriate and
humane way, fully consistent with both U.S. law and
international refugee protection principles. We seek to promote
safe, legal and orderly migration as an alternative to the
dangerous raft voyages that have brought such suffering to
families on both sides of the Florida Straits.
But let us be clear about where the blame lies for this problem-
and that is with the Castro government. Cuba's communist
government is lost on the tide of history-repressing freedom of
expression, stifling economic growth and private ownership and
limiting the choice and aspirations of its own people. That is
why so many people want to leave Cuba.
Q: Why does the Administration block any economic links with
Castro but trade with China? Isn't that a contradiction in policy?
Economic sanctions are an important foreign policy tool, which
we use in compelling circumstances where their imposition will
help achieve our foreign policy objectives. Sanctions are not
a "one-size-fits-all foreign policy tool".
We prefer to use sanctions which have multilateral support and
participation wherever possible. Multilateral sanctions are
obviously more effective and minimize collateral damage to U.S.
commercial interests. However, we are prepared to use
unilateral sanctions when important interests are at stake, as
for example, in Cuba and other countries.
20
Democracy, human rights goals of policy the same for Cuba and
China. But history, proximity, and judgement about the most
effective way to achieve goals leads to different policies.
U.S. has global interests, global principals but no cookie-
cutter foreign policy.
Q: Doesn't waiving Title III of the Helms Burton law undercut its
purpose of isolating Castro?
I believe suspension of Title III has contributed to the
promotion of a peaceful, democratic transition in Cuba,
consistent with our policy toward Cuba since the first days of
my Administration and the goals of the Libertad Act.
I have used the suspension period to develop a multilateral
approach to efforts to promote democracy, human rights and
fundamental freedoms in Cuba. Our friends and allies have
become more united and firm in pushing for democratization in
Cuba than ever before. As long as our friends and allies
continue their stepped-up support for peaceful democratic
change in Cuba, the suspension remains prudent.
DOMESTIC
Q: My mother lost her welfare checks because of your new
immigration laws? What do you say to her?
The answer depends on what your mother's legal status is in the
United States. If she does not have lawful permanent status,
she should explore the possibilities for obtaining such status.
Many recent changes to U.S. law disqualify persons who do not
have lawful permanent status or some equivalent status. If she
does have lawful permanent status, she may wish to explore
becoming a citizen of the United States. Citizens are subject
to fewer limitations on benefits than immigrants are.
Q: We heard much talk during the 1996 campaign about drugs - but
haven't seen much since - what is the Administration doing in the
war on drugs?
This year, our Congress appropriated $213 million for
international crime and drug control. The funds help foreign
countries strengthen counter-narcotics enforcement and judicial
capabilities, combat money laundering and eradicate illicit
crops, interdict drug shipments and reduce drug demand. We have
21
also launched a number of narcotics and law enforcement
initiatives with our hemispheric partners.
Q: There have been recent efforts in the U.S. to restrict
immigration and immigrants' rights. What is your position on
these?
I strongly believe that immigrants are a source of our vitality
as a nation, our strength. We continue to welcome legal
immigrants in large numbers. And for the most part, these are
people who welcome the opportunities our society offers, who
work hard and play by the rules, and who succeed.
At the same time, the people of the United States expect their
government to be an effective check against illegal immigration.
I am determined to do this, and working with the Congress have
committed the resources to make ours an effective border.
But these efforts should be fair. The Congress has taken a step
further in recent reforms to our immigration laws, removing
certain welfare benefits from legal aliens. I oppose this and
my Administration is working to correct this unfair situation.
I also have specifically introduced legislation to correct a
harsh aspect of our latest immigration legislation that would
penalize those who fled the wars in Central America and sought
refuge in the United States.
Q: Why do you employ discriminatory visa policies? Argentina has
a visa waiver; why not Brazil?
There is no room for discrimination in our visa policy or in
any governmental policies. It is illegal and wrong.
I am committed to ensuring fair treatment to all people who
have business before the United States. Our visa waiver policy
subject to strict and impartial guidelines, including the rate
of overstays by visa holders.
I understand more visitor visas were issued to Brazilians over
the past year than any other nationality.
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEM
10.30.97
PRESS CONFERENCE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why have you waited so long to come to South America? Isn't
this trip a bit late in your presidency?
Latin America has been a priority since the very start of my
Presidency. The passage of NAFTA was one of my most important
early achievements. In 1994, I acted to defend the Mexican
financial system from a crisis that had profound implications
for the hemisphere. My Administration organized and hosted
the Summit of the Americas in 1994 to build a comprehensive
agenda for the hemisphere that address our common values -- it
was at the Miami Summit that I first met President-elect
Cardoso. I have also appointed Mack McLarty as my special
envoy to the region to demonstrate the strong commitment my
Administration places on building a strong partnership with
the hemisphere.
So my interest in this hemisphere has been strong since I took
office. I firmly believe that we will either march forward
together toward a more prosperous and secure 21st century, or
we will find ourselves increasingly disadvantaged in today's
fast-paced global economy.
I am pleased to be here in Brazil at this historic juncture.
Brazil stands at the crossroads of a new century and a new
outlook on its role in the world. President Cardoso has
worked with his Congress to lay the foundations for Brazil's
lasting economic strength in the years ahead, much as I have
worked with our Congress to conclude a balanced budget deal
that will ensure continued strong U.S. growth.
We can't speak about prosperity in the Americas unless Brazil
and the United States are moving forward together. I'm
confident that we are with Brazil and the rest of our allies
in the hemisphere.
Did you make any progress with Cardoso on trade? Is Brazil
still dragging its feet on FTAA?
I think the United States and Brazil have much more in common
on these questions than people realize. The United States and
Brazil agree on the simultaneous launch of comprehensive and
balanced negotiations on the Free Trade Area of the Americas
2
next April in Santiago, we agree that we will implement the
FTAA as a single undertaking no later than 2005, and we agree
on the need for concrete progress toward this goal by 2000.
There are a number of meetings that will take place before
Santiago. Trade negotiators will assemble again in San Jose,
Costa Rica before the end of the year, and ministers will meet
prior to Santiago. There are a number of specific issues that
remain to be worked out.
Have to remember that we are talking about a complex, far-
reaching and historic undertaking here. Cardoso and I
committed to working to advance this goal as constructively as
possible.
You still don't have Fast Track authority. How can you discuss
trade without it?
I am pleased that the Senate Finance Committee and the House
Ways and Means Committee both had bipartisan majorities in
favor of our Fast Track bill. The legislative process is
moving forward; I am working hard to highlight the importance
of expanding exports and creating jobs to the Congress and the
American people.
This trip gives the American people the opportunity to see the
importance of engaging with our partners on free and open
trade -- the open markets, thriving economies and the desire
for American goods and services -- show that the countries of
South America can be valuable partners in expanding the
prosperity of the American people.
Fast Track is about more than trade in this hemisphere. It's
about bringing the Uruguay Round to closure with critical
negotiations on services, for example. It's about following
up on our dramatic success in achieving the Information
Technology Agreement. It's about putting us in the game that
is being played increasingly without us, and at a time when we
have one of the winningest combinations on the field: a solid
basis for sustained economic growth, the most competitive
economy in the world, and one that is already more open to
global competition than any of its trading partners.
3
What are you doing to promote press freedom?
President Cardoso and I discussed this important issue.
A free and vigorous press is the guardian of liberty and the
foundation of a robust civil society. The OAS is doing
important work on this issue, in particular the Inter-
American Human Rights Commission and the Inter-American
Court. There may be further ways of bolstering support for
this important freedom.
I note the recent work which has been done within the
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to create
a position within its human rights mechanism to promote and
help protect press freedom. This may be a useful precedent
for the hemisphere. We will be exploring these ideas further
during my trip.
Not passing Fast Track legislation will not in any way stop
the globalization of the world economy, or slow down the
integration of our trading partners amongst themselves and
between blocs, but it certainly will ensure that we will be no
more than bystanders.
Why does your Commerce Department say Brazil has a corrupt
culture?
That characterization was wrong and has been retracted.
Certainly no culture can be corrupt, although every culture
struggles with corruption in some form. I think we can be
proud of our work together in this hemisphere, within the OAS,
to pass the world's first anti-corruption convention.
Point is, United States and Brazil have a booming economic
relationship. Brazil is the largest recipient of American
investment in Latin America. Obviously, U.S. and Brazilian
businesspeople have found our two countries to be good places
to do business.
Why did the U.S. advance team insist on so many things? Did you
really ask Brazil to change its time to suit you?
President Cardoso and the Brazilian Government have been very
welcoming and gracious hosts. I hope President Cardoso found
it the same when he visited Washington in 1995.
4
The breadth of our discussions and the important agreements
concluded during this visit indicate the United States and
Brazil have a solid and productive bilateral agenda. Our
vital partnership is propelling us both toward 21st century
success.
This is the good news of this visit, which I encourage people
to focus on.
Certainly no truth to the story that we asked to change the
time. We're as obliged to follow the clock as you are!
Why did the U.S. give only Argentina MNNA status? Aren't you
trying to divide the sub-region just when we' re getting
together?
I am consulting with the Congress on Major Non-NATO Ally
status for Argentina in recognition of the Argentine
contribution to global peacekeeping and in order to stimulate
further participation along those lines. Argentina, as has
Brazil and many of our Latin American partners, contributed to
international peacekeeping efforts. MNNA is a recognition of
that. This is not exclusive to Argentina, and we are happy to
consider other countries in the hemisphere for such status.
President Cardoso and I have discussed the important and very
positive trends underway in the Southern Cone, represented in
deepening security cooperation among the states in this
region, and exemplified by the emergence of MERCOSUR as a
positive force for integration. We welcome and support these
developments, which we believe support democracy and economic
reform, reduce regional tensions, and expand trade, including
our trade with the region. We have no aim to divide the
countries of the Southern Cone; to the contrary, we support
their increasing integration.
Why have you decided to start an arms race in Latin America,
just when governments are beginning to focus on poverty?
We have never sought and do not now seek to foster an arms
race in Latin America. Recognizing that the hemisphere is now
almost completely democratic, with strong civilian control of
the military and legitimate self-defense and security needs,
it no longer made sense to presumptively deny requests to our
mature allies in the hemisphere weapons orto treat Latin
America differently from other regions of the world.
5
Weapons sales to Latin America now based on the same
principles that apply worldwide and we will take any request
for arms purchase on a case-by-case basis weighing the
regional implications as well as the countries economic and
military needs.
We are working with the OAS to enhance hemispheric confidence
and security-building measures, transparency of arms sales and
acquisitions. Strongly support these efforts.
Also, we have initiated a series of Defense Ministerials of
the Americas, designed to increase defense cooperation and
strengthen civilian control.
Committed to responsible, mature and transparent defense
relations with hemisphere.
Don't you agree that Brazil, eighth largest world economy and
global peacekeeping participant, is a logical Security Council
permanent member? And shouldn't Brazil have a veto too?
We think the Security Council should be expanded to a size of
20 or 21 members, to better reflect the world today. We do
not favor any reforms that would weaken the Council or alter
the current veto power of the five permanent members.
We are open to new permanent seats for developing countries.
Look to the countries of the region to determine how it should
be represented.
Free trade and market economies have done little to help
Brazil's millions of poor and destitute. Aren't we on the wrong
course?
Free trade and open markets have helped lift millions out of
poverty in this hemisphere and around the globe. The
alternative, closed economies and non-market approaches have
yielded only inefficiency and stagnation.
Cardoso's policies to end inflation have done more to help the
poor than any other single macroeconomic policy could. As he
and I have discussed, the next steps lie in making the right
investments in education and the environment, so that our
future generations have a chance to build on our successes.
6
You say that your economy is open, yet Brazil's orange juice,
footwear and steel are restricted access. Why?
The United States and Brazil have a large and rapidly growing
trade relationship. This is a reflection of the sound
economic policy framework President Cardoso has pursued, as
well as the underlying strength of both our economies.
It's natural to have areas of friction in any large trade
relationship. Ours is no exception, and our trade negotiators
frequently discuss market access and other issues that affect
U.S. exports to Brazil, and Brazilian exports to the United
States. But keep in mind that our overall trade has nearly
doubled to over $23 billion in the last five years.
Overall, our trade relationship is one of the bright new
aspects of a broad strengthening of our ties.
Look to the FTAA process to further open our markets and
reduce remaining barriers to trade.
Brazil has proposed tough restrictions on developed country
greenhouse gas emissions for climate change negotiations. Will
the United States accept this?
The Kyoto Conference on Climate Change will be extremely
important. Just last week I held extensive consultations with
a wide variety of people on climate change issues, and we are
finalizing our own position as the world convenes next week in
Berlin for the final preparatory round.
Cardoso and I discussed this issue in some detail. I wanted
to understand Brazilian thinking before I finalize our
position. An effective treaty requires the active and
constructive participation of all countries.
There are some tough political choices ahead for all of us.
The problem is one that will require a shared sense of
responsibility if we are to solve it.
The U.S. Senate insists on binding limits for developing
countries too, yet Brazil is opposed. How did you and Cardoso
discuss this?
Cardoso and I conducted an honest consultation on our
positions. The reality is, both developed and developing
7
countries must share in the solution to this problem if we
hope to be successful. I am determined to provide leadership
on this issue, but it is truly a global problem that requires
global action.
What about burning in the rainforest? Isn't it getting worse,
not better?
The rainforests here and elsewhere around the world are part
of the patrimony of mankind. Brazil has a special
responsibility to safeguard it. 1 am pleased that our two
governments and nongovernmental organizations from both
countries have a growing program of cooperation on rainforest
study, preservation and research.
We are expanding our cooperation on the rainforest into space.
NASA and the Brazilian Space Agency are working together on a
number of projects relating to the environment and rainforest
in particular. I am pleased that Brazil is our newest partner
in the International Space Station, which will provide an
excellent scientific platform to improve our knowledge of our
environment.
The United States will be contributing $10 million to the G-7
Pilot Program for the Amazon, which is conducted fully in
cooperation with the Government of Brazil.
We need to address rainforest issues in a spirit of
partnership and responsibility.
Why do you employ discriminatory visa policies? Argentina has a
visa waiver; why not Brazil?
No room for discrimination in our visa policy or in any
governmental policies. Not only illegal, just plain wrong.
Committed to ensuring fair treatment to all people who have
business before the United States.
Visa waiver policy subject to strict and impartial guidelines,
including the rate of overstays by visa holders. Not a policy
of playing favorites.
Understand more visitor visas were issued to Brazilians over
the past year than any other nationality.
8
Did the CIA help mastermind Brazil's 1964 coup? Philip Agee
says so, according to the Brazilian magazine "IstoE".
Of course not. Mr. Agee has made a number of outrageous
assertions over the years. I don't pay them much attention.
Let's resolve that the days of coups in this hemisphere are
over.
Did you discuss the Chico Mendes case? What about the plight of
Brazil's Amazon peoples?
The 1988 murder of Chico Mendes grabbed the world's attention
because of what he stood for, and because of our growing
comprehension of the role of the habitat he sought to protect
in our planet's health.
The issues Chico Mendes championed are now center stage, as we
head into the global climate change negotiations later this
year. His name still echoes in the world's consciousness.
This is his legacy.
At the White House Climate Change Conference last week, you were
quoted as saying that developing countries needed to take on
meaningful commitments as part of a Kyoto agreement. How can
you ask them to do so when the U.S. hasn't yet announced a
target and timetable, and will fall short of the commitments it
made at Rio?
The climate change problem is global in nature, and cannot be
solved without the participation of both industrialized and
developing countries.
While it is appropriate for developing countries to have a
different level of commitment, we won't be able to solve this
problem unless they take an active role.
Is your position a violation of the Berlin Mandate? [The Berlin
Mandate stipulated that developing countries would not be asked
to take on new commitments as part of a Kyoto treaty.]
No. We are exploring a variety of ways to enlist developing
country participation and to ensure that they do their fair
share, consistent with the Berlin Mandate.
9
How can you expect an agreement in Kyoto? The major
industrialized nations seem no closer now to an agreement than
they were at Denver. The EU has proposed a 15% reduction of
emissions from 1990 by the year 2010, and have criticized the
Japanese proposal for a 5% reduction. With less than two months
before Kyoto, the U.S. has not yet tabled a proposal, and
according to press reports, the U.S. is only considering options
that are weaker than the Japanese proposal. Isn't time running
out?
We want to reach a meaningful agreement at Kyoto.
We have said that we will bring a strong, realistic, and
achievable proposal to Kyoto, one that both protects the
environment and is economically sound.
We still hope that all nations will come to Kyoto with a
realistic, constructive and open frame of mind.
Is it true, as press reports have suggested, that you are not
going to consider any proposal more aggressive than 1990 levels
by 2010?
We're not yet ready to make an announcement. We plan to do so
soon, and that proposal will include a strong realistic target
that protects the environment and is environmentally sound.
Reports in the U.S. press suggest that you are considering a so-
called "escape hatch" or "safety valve". Isn't this
inconsistent with your stated support for binding targets?
The U.S. remains committed to realistic, achievable, and
binding emissions targets as part of the Kyoto round.
The target and policies we announce will protect the
environment and be economically sound.
Will you rule out raising energy taxes?
We are considering a number of ways to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
Energy taxes are not part of our current thinking, but it is
not my practice to make categorical pledges, and I am not
going to do that now.
10
When do you expect to have a U.S. proposal?
We're working actively to put forward the best position
possible for the Kyoto round. We're hopeful that we will be
able to do this before the end of the Bonn meeting.
Will you or the Vice President go to Kyoto?
No decisions have been made.
PHOTOCOPY
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
WJC HANDWRITING
10-14-97
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Brasilia, Brazil)
For Immediate Release
October 14, 1997
FACT SHEET
The U.S. Brazil Partnership:
Improving Education in the 21st Century.
President Clinton and President Cardoso today launched an
historic education partnership to advance their shared commitment
to ensure that all our citizens have the tools they need to
prosper in the 21st century economy. This agreement includes
cooperative initiatives to increase educational levels, access to
technology, and the quality of teaching in both countries. This
agreement also sets the stage for making education a centerpiece
of the hemispheric agenda at the Santiago Summit of the Americas
next April. There are four core areas of cooperation:
Making Sure No Child Is Left Behind in the Information Revolution
1. Public-Private Sector Dialogue on Technology in the Classroom.
This initiative will encourage and direct private sector
support to provide access to technology and increase the
ability of students in both countries to use the tools to
learn in the new global economy;
2. Providing Access to Education Technology in Rural Communities.
Brazil and the United States will launch a cooperative
initiative to increase access to education and information
technologies for the thousands of rural communities which
currently are without electricity, in partnership with the
Clean Energy Agreement and Brazil's PRODEEM program. Through
the use of solar and other renewable energy technologies,
communities will be acle : afford electricity and improve
their access to new educational technologies;
3. Next Generation Internet. Brazil and the United States WiLL
collaborate in the development of the Next Generation Internet
Initiative to increase the technological capabilities bi both
countries' educational system;
4. Linking Classrooms in the United States and Brazil. Education
officials in both countries will collaborate to increase nign-
tech computer link-ups between classrooms, teachers, and
students in the U.S. and Brazil;
5. Brazilian "Tech Corps". In support of this initiative, the
International Data Group of Brazil will work with the
Brazilian information technology community to launch a Tech
CLINTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
1.)
Corps Brazil chapter. This builds on the U.S. TechCorps
initiative that was announced by President Clinton in 1995.
TechCorps Brazil will place volunteers from the technology
community in Brazilian schools as advisers and mentors
assisting introduction and integration of new technologies.
Building A World Class System of Educational Standards.
1. Education Indicators. Brazil and the United States will
collaborate to develop world-class education statistics and
indicators;
2. Joint Research. Education researchers from both countries
will engage in a joint study of what works best in
strengthening reading and mathematics achievement in the early
grades;
3. Policy Dialogue. Officials from both countries will launch a
policy dialogue on their common challenge of developing
effective standards in a decentralized education system.
Strengthening Teachers and Administrators.
1. Decentralized Decision-making. In an effort to empower
teachers and administrators, officials from both countries
will exchange information and training on preparing teachers
and school administrators to face the challenges of today's
classrooms, emphasizing on-site decision making;
2. Improving Learning about Science. Brazil and the United
States will cooperate to improve and strengthen the teaching
and learning of science to give today's students the skills
for tomorrow's economy, including through exchanges of U.S.
and Brazilian teachers and school administrators:
3. Student Exchanges. The agreement creates a new exchange
program for U.S. and Brazilian university students in fields
such as engineering and technology.
Making Business A Partner in Education.
1. Dissemination of Best Practices. As business 12 the United
States and Brazil pioneer efforts to improve education in
their local communities, this agreement will enhance the
sharing of information and materials on how families and
businesses can best contribute to children's learning and
improve schools;
2. AmCham Quality in Teaching Initiative. One example of such
efforts is the initiative supported by the American Chamber of
Commerce to improve student performance in Brazil's public
schools. The "Quality in Teaching" initiative focuses on
teacher training, frequent testing of students in reading and
math, and curriculum design;
3
3. AmCham Education Technology Initiative. In support of the
U.S. - Brazil education partnership, AmCham is expanding its
education support to include technology. A number of leading
high tech information technology and telecommunications
companies will provide assistance in such areas as Internet
access, distance learning, and computer use to improve teacher
training.
# # #
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
10-14-97
PRESIDENTIAL PRESS GUIDANCE
FOREIGN POLICY ISSUES
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1997
TOTAL IRAN DEAL
MIDDLE EAST
IRAN IRAQ NO-FLY ZONE/USS NIMITZ
BOSNIA
CHINA PROLIFERATION
RUSSIA IRAN MISSILE COOPERATION
MARYLAND TEEN'S EXTRADITION FROM ISRAEL
KABILA HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES
ANTI LANDMINE GROUP WINS NOBEL PRIZE
THREATS BY GROUPS ON SECSTATE TERRORISM LIST
NATO COST DEBATE
MC CAFFREY COMMENT ON COLOMBIA MARXISTS
NEW KURDISH FIGHTING
TOTAL IRAN DEAL
Will the US impose sanctions under the Iran Libya Sanctions Act?
Our position on major investment in Iran's oil and gas fields is clear: it makes
more resources available for Iran's use in terrorism and its pursuit of ballistic
missiles and nuclear weapons.
We must now investigate the implications of Total's decision under US law,
and then we will take whatever action is appropriate. ILSA is the law, and we
will apply it fully.
Obviously, we are working with our allies to find a common approach to
ensure that Iran is clear about where we stand.
What does this mean for US-French relations?
We and France share the same goals: preventing Iran from supporting terrorism
and developing weapons of mass destruction.
Where we and France sometimes differ is over tactics - here, the best way to
stop Iran. That's what the Iran-Libya Sanctions Act does.
I don't disagree with European efforts to have a critical dialogue with Iran --
but I'm doubtful that dialogue alone will bring about the needed changes in
Iran's policy.
MIDDLE EAST
Was the Netanyahu-Arafat meeting significant?
It was a good meeting - an outgrowth of Secretary Albright's trip to the
region.
The Prime Minister and the Chairman approached each other as partners, and
were able to make progress.
We hope it marks a new beginning.
They agreed that contacts should resume on all levels between the two sides,
and that they, themselves, should meet a regular basis.
Some are calling for four-party talks along the lines of the Camp David
process. What is your reaction?
I would not rule out such an approach in the long term, but right now it would
not be appropriate. The parties to the peace process have a lot of steps they
need to take themselves before we can talk along those lines.
What comes next? Any plans for future talks?
The interim talks are now intensifying their work on the airport, seaport, safe
passage and economic matters.
Dennis Ross will be returning to the region later this week.
At that time, the two sides will report to him on their progress.
He will also continue discussions with them on the other set of issues --
security, a "time out", further redeployments, and permanent status.
And later this month, the parties will meet in Washington to negotiate further
on these issues.
What is your reaction to Mossad's botched attempt on the life of the Hamas
leader? Doesn't this undercut our determination to end terrorism?
It was an unfortunate set of events.
The battle against terrorism is vital, but it is also important to take into account
consequences of actions upon others who seek peace.
Now we need to focus on how to move forward towards peace - Ross will be
in the region resuming talks.
Are things back on track now ? Do you think that you can save the peace
process?
I know that there are still miles to go, but let's look at what we have.
-resumption of security cooperation
-the Joint Committees have begun meeting again on the interim status issues
-and, most importantly, the two parties both favor moving ahead with
accelerated permanent status negotiations.
That is a long way, and definitely something to work with.
This is not an easy process and no one said it would be - the only way forward
is through dialogue and a commitment to seek common ground. This is a good
sign.
Is the settlement issue to big too get around? How are you defining a "time
out?" What if Netanyahu won't slow down settlement construction?
Secretary of State Albright did an effective job on this when she was in the
region, and I can only again reiterate what she said.
We find unilateral actions on settlements to be unhelpful and
counterproductive.
That, however, is not the only obstacle to peace. The Palestinian Authority has
an imperative obligation to fight terrorism.
Each side must engage in confidence building measures that will help move the
peace process in a positive direction.
Both sides must see each other as partners if they are to achieve success.
IRAN/IRAQ NO FLY ZONE/ USS NIMITZ
Are you concerned about Saddam's continuing to flout the no-fly zone? Why
did you deploy the USS Nimitz to the region five days ahead of schedule?
It would be a mistake for Saddam to flout the international community and
violate the Security Council resolutions. He will bear the consequences.
We will take appropriate measures to enforce these resolutions.
The purpose of the deployment was to enforce the No Fly Zone imposed on
Iraq after the Gulf War.
BOSNIA
The Bosnian Muslims have won the municipal elections in Srebrenica, but
will they be able to assume control? Won't SFOR troops have to be brought
in?
Installing democratically elected leaders in towns where they are now a
minority is the next important step in reconciliation.
We expect full compliance with Dayton. We'll support those who cooperate --
and make those who don't pay a price.
The OSCE will have the primary responsibility, but they can count on
continued support from SFOR.
What is your reaction to the ten Bosnian Croat indicted war criminals
surrender to The Hague?
This is a very significant development that we welcome and applaud. It's an
important demonstration of Croatian support for Dayton.
It's clearly, too, a result of our re-energized Bosnia policies - and the intense
efforts my foreign policy team has been engaged in over the last several
months.
Will the US have to pony up more money to ensure the indictees get the
speedy trial they were promised?
We have had discussions with them as to how best to provide additional
support when it's needed.
There is a recent press report that NATO commanders are considering a plan
to arrest Karadzic and Mladic, but not until after the parliamentary elections
on November 23. Is this true?
We continue to remain deeply concerned with the presence of war criminals in
Bosnia, including Karadzic. We remain concerned about his potential
influence -- in violation of agreements that he not be involved in political life --
and will not be satisfied until he is brought to justice in The Hague.
As I have said before, we are considering a full range of options to facilitate
delivery of war criminals to The Hague. We continue to press the parties to live
up to their obligation to turn over war criminals.
We've seen progress -- we worked hard with Croatia to affect the surrenders
and welcome and applaud that action. I would also point to the arrest of
suspected war criminals in Croatia, and earlier arrest operations in Croatia and
Prijedor.
There have been several legislative proposals that would cut off funding for
US forces in Bosnia next June and would ban aid to countries harboring war
criminals. How do you feel about such proposals?
Any 'date certain' legislation sends a very bad message to the parties and to
our allies about our commitment to the peace. The focus now needs to be on
ensuring that Dayton is implemented and that we create a self-sustaining peace.
We want to retain the flexibility to provide assistance to those who support
Dayton and are implementing it.
There seems to be mounting hostility against SFOR. How are you reacting to
security threats against SFOR? Do you worry about the safety of our troops?
The surest way to protect our forces is for everyone to know that they will deal
effectively with every challenge.
Protection for our troops always is a priority. Our security posture is
appropriate to the situation on the ground now, but we are constantly
evaluating it and will adjust it if we need to.
We have made clear that any effort to intimidate is unacceptable and SFOR
will respond appropriately.
All the parties must understand that they should not challenge SFOR. We will
hold the parties' leadership responsible for keeping their people under control.
They should know we would deal very effectively, very swiftly with a forceful
response. We'll do what we have to do to protect our troops.
Has the policy changed on SFOR ending its mission in June 1998? The
NATO ministers have said that a military presence post-SFOR will be
necessary.
Progress is being made, but there are still challenges ahead.
The international community has a strong stake in success.
We need to be involved in Bosnia in some fashion in the foreseeable future -
certainly in terms of economic assistance.
The SFOR mission will end in June 1998. Whether an international security
presence is there after that, and what role the United States would play, has not
yet been decided.
CHINA PROLIFERATION
The US-China summit is approaching -- are you prepared to certify that
China has stopped exporting nuclear weapons-related material to countries
like Iran and Pakistan? Isn't this an important test of improving our ties
with China?
China issued its new nuclear export control regulations September 10. We
have been pressing China to issue these regulations, and we view their issuance
as a positive development, and a necessary element of any decision to certify.
We have made substantial progress toward meeting the congressional
requirements for certification but we are not there yet.
We will be working intensively with China between now and the summit. A
final decision will be made closer to the summit, based on the progress
achieved.
How do you know that China has stopped exporting nuclear related material
to Iran and Pakistan?
In monitoring recent developments we have no basis to conclude that China
has been exporting nuclear-related items in a manner inconsistent with its 1996
commitment not to assist unsafeguarded nuclear facilities.
RUSSIA IRAN MISSILE COOPERATION
There has been extensive press reporting on Russia-Iran missile cooperation.
What is the US doing about this? Will you impose sanctions on Russia?
I take these reports very seriously - we have been concerned for some time
about Iranian efforts worldwide to acquire missile technology.
I discussed this issue with President Yeltsin in Helsinki this Spring and then at
the Denver Summit, where we agreed to work together closely.
As a result of those talks, Ambassador Frank Wisner and the head of the
Russian Space Agency have met in Moscow along with teams of experts from
both our governments. This is an effective mechanism to address our
concerns, and they will reconvene in about six weeks.
We vigorously follow-up on any reports, and, when the facts warrant, we will
take what steps are necessary.
MARYLAND TEEN
What are you doing to get Scheinbein back so he can be tried in
Maryland?
Secretary Albright has been clear and direct with the Israeli government in
saying that he should be brought to justice here in the United States. Our
position is unchanged.
As you know, prosecutors from Maryland are in Israel discussing the case with
the Israeli auuthorities.
KIKHIA
What is your response to president Mubarak's assertions that we raised the
disappearance of Libyan dissident Kikhia to help free an accused Israeli spy
or Mubarak's statement that the CIA secretly took Kikhia out of Egypt?
We have raised the issue of Kikhia's disappearance with the Egyptian
government at the highest level. Egypt has promised to cooperate in the
investigation. We have no ulterior motives in this and we look forward to
working with Egypt on resolving this issue.
KABILA HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES - DROC
Human Rights Watch-Africa says it has irrefutable evidence that Kabila's
troops killed large numbers of Rwandan refugees, and continue to do so. Will
the US respond to this abuse of human rights?
I continue to be concerned about past and present reports about human rights
abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
I plan to dispatch a delegation as soon as possible to talk to President Kabila
and his government about human rights.
NOBEL PRIZE TO ANTI LANDMINE GROUP
Why haven't you called Jody Williams - she's been complaining that she
hasn't been able to talk to you personally about the landmines issue?
I congratulate the Campaign for its superb achievement.
Together with Princess Diana, Senator Leahy and literally thousands of other
international organizations, they have appealed to the collective conscience of
the world for an end to the indiscriminate use of anti-personnel landmines.
The humanitarian goals of this cause have been both noble and clear: help the
victims, remove the minefields, ban the landmines.
Even though we differ on the question of signing the treaty that will be signed
in Ottawa this December, I strongly support the humanitarian goals of the
Campaign.
That is why we lead the world in demining efforts -- spending more than the
rest of the world combined. And, as I announced last month, this is a program
we now intend to expand by about 25%, both in dollars spent and countries
where we have active demining training programs.
That is why we will, as I directed last month, complete our efforts to field
alternatives to all U.S. APLs by 2006.
And that is why we will continue to lead the way in the Conference on
Disarmament to try to negotiate a truly universal and global ban to complement
the treaty that will be signed by about half the nations of the world in Ottawa in
December.
President Yeltsin announced that Russia will sign the Ottawa Treaty, doesn't
that put more pressure on the United States?
Whether Russia intends to sign in December, or at some undetermined future
date, I am delighted that President Yeltsin wants to become more proactive in
joining us all in responding more quickly and assertively to this terrible global
crisis.
(N.B Japan is now hinting that it may also sign the Ottawa treaty, citing public
opinion and the work of the Nobel Prize winners)
THREATS FROM GROUPS ON SEC STATE TERRORISM LIST
A militant Egyptian Islamic group, and other organizations on the State
Department's terrorist organization list, have threatened to attack U.S.
citizens in the Middle East. In addition, Iran pledged its continued support
for Hizbollah after it appeared on the list. How do you respond to these
statements?
We knew this step would arouse the ire of such organizations - but the list is
important, and I won't be deterred by threats from these groups.
With respect to the statement by the Iranian Foreign Minister, I am concerned
about Hizbollah's terrorist wing and its terrorist activities, including here in
Latin America, and we urge Iran to end its ties and to cease providing support
for these kinds of activities.
NATO COST DEBATE
There are so many differing assessments of the cost of NATO enlargement,
and Jesse Helms is warning that unless Europe pays its fair share we may
never see Senate approval? How will you get all this confusion sorted out and
expansion approved?
NATO is now conducting studies on the military requirements and the resurce
implications of enlargement. They should be ready for the December review
by NATO ministers when they meet. It is important that the assessment is
credible.
I expect our allies to live up to the commitments they made in Madrid. The
cost of enlargement should be shared fairly - these are costs that are both real
and manageable, and our allies are expected to provide the necessary resources.
NATO expansion is in our strategic interest, and, compared to the cost of
conflict, the costs of extending our security guarantees is very modest.
MC CAFFREY COMMENT ON COLOMBIAN MARXISTS
Barry McCaffrey said today that the United States would help Colombia fight
Marxist guerillas. What does this mean for US policy - will we help
Colombia fight the insurgency?
We have long known of the links between Colombia's narcotraffickers and the
guerillas. The traffickers rely on some guerilla fronts for protection and
security, while the guerillas are funding themselves in part with narcodollars to
fuel their armed insurgency against the government.
Our number one priority remains helping Colombia fight narcotrafficking
through assistance to Colombia's security forces to interdict and eradicate
illegal narcotics. We have recently stepped up these counter drug efforts in
light of increasing evidence of a nexus between narcotraffickers and guerillas.
We have not changed our policy - we do not intend to provide
counterinsurgency assistance to Colombia.
RENEWED KURDISH FIGHTING IN IRAQ
Fighting has broken out again between the rival Iraqi Kurdish groups,
apparently violating the NATO sponsored ceasefire. What will the US do if
Saddam again sends his troops to the north?
We've been working to keep the ceasefire between them, and we will continue
to do so.
4
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
10-30-97
From your days as a Peace Corps volunteer in
Ecuador to your fine work here as Charge, your life-
long commitment to public service and to
strengthening America's friendship with Latin
America reflect the best traditions of our nation's
Foreign Service.
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
10-30-97
THE UNITED STATES-BRAZIL PARTNERSHIP FOR EDUCATION
1. We the Presidents of the United States and Brazil recognize that a new reality is
reshaping the world and that our citizens must be prepared to meet the challenges of a
globalized world in the 21st century. Education is the key to the future. We
recognize that working together we will harness inevitable change to the benefit of
families in our countries.
2. Literacy and a first-class educational foundation are critical determinants to the well-
being of our citizens, the strength of our economies, and preserving the values we as
democratically-elected leaders hold dear.
3. Skilled and educated people are the foundations of strong democracies and market
economies. We must, therefore, ask more of our educational systems than ever
before. Our governments have similar initiatives promoting the development of
modern information infrastructures that will facilitate economic growth and will be
the foundation of new ways to teach and learn. Our students must be able to compete
in a new and constantly-changing job market. This requires access to life-long
learning programs and the ability to participate in and benefit from varied cultures
outside our borders; and process and organize more and disparate information than
ever before. Education is needed to participate actively and knowledgeably in
democratic, plural and diverse societies.
4. The democracies of our hemisphere, which will take part in the next Summit of the
Americas to be held next April in Santiago, agree that education must be a central
element in our shared agenda. Bearing in mind the urgency of prompt, effective action,
as a top priority we have separately launched, within our respective countries, new
initiatives to raise the quality of education, particularly in the primary and secondary
levels.
5. And together, today, we hereby establish the United States-Brazil Partnership for
Education. Expanding exchanges, upgrading standards, enhancing teacher training,
increasing participation by the family, community and business as well as incorporating
new technology underpin our partnership.
Cooperation in the Development and Use of Technologies in Education
6. New technologies make possible the broad dissemination of information and permit
new teaching methods and practices such as distance learning and the use of
computers. In addition, students must also master new technologies in preparation for
a changing workplace and take part in economic development. We will take
advantage of technologies such as the Internet to broaden cultural and language
contacts for our students and teachers. We will jointly test and evaluate existing
technologies, and facilitate development of appropriate new technologies, while
engaging the private sector to assist with their introduction into the classroom.
Ensuring that Every Child Learns Through
Educational Standards, Assessments, and Indicators
7. Evaluating the performance of educational systems requires a clear definition of what
schools should teach and what students are expected to know, as well as effective
tools for measuring progress. Our governments will each establish standards for
student performance in key subjects at appropriate levels, as well as the means to
measure them. We will share experiences and information regarding progress on a
continuous basis.
Strengthening Preparation and Professional Development
of Teachers and School Managers
8. Excellent schools require excellent teachers and managers. We will seek to have
qualified, dedicated teachers in all classrooms, at all grades. To support this goal, we
will exchange experiences and evaluate alternative models for teacher preparation and
training for school management officials. We will especially consider ways to
improve training for science teachers of scientific disciplines at the primary and
secondary levels.
Increasing Educational Exchanges Between the United States and Brazil
9. Already sharing a wide array of public and private educational exchange programs,
the United States and Brazil will seek to expand exchanges at all levels, focusing on
the priorities in this declaration. We will utilize existing and new mechanisms to
establish a student exchange program for university students in mutually agreed areas
such as engineering and technology. We will also consider a program of exchanges
for language teachers to strengthen language skills and cultural ties between our
countries. To assist private programs, we will explore methods for linking
institutions to promote mutual recognition of educational credits.
Enhancing Family, Community, and Business Involvement in Education
10. Opportunities for learning extend beyond the formal classroom. Parents, family
members, employers, employees, older students, and volunteers can effectively
participate in the education of children, especially in literacy enhancement. We re-
affirm that the private sector is partner in education and will promote its involvement
in such areas as combatting illiteracy and student dropout rates and enhancing school
administration and overall school development
Implementing the Partnership
11. Finally, to ensure our partnership is vigorously implemented, we hereby establish the
Education Partnership Implementation Commission (EPIC). Through regular
meetings, EPIC will monitor implementation of actions outlined in the annex to the
Memorandum of Understanding to which our governments subscribe today, as well as
periodically formulate new actions. In furtherance of the precepts set forth in this
Declaration, EPIC will also seek participation of the private sector and members of
the public in implementation of this agreement. Working together, we will reinforce
our common resolve, deepen our bonds of friendship, and prepare our children for the
coming century.
THE PRESIDENT HAS SEEN
10-30-97
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina)
For Immediate Release
October 18, 1997
FACT SHEET
UNITED STATES-ARGENTINA COOPERATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Against the backdrop of the Andes mountains in the Nahuel Huapi
National Park, President Clinton and President Menem today agreed
that the United States and Argentina will work together to meet
the challenge of safeguarding the planet for future generations.
To that end, they issued a Presidential Declaration of Bariloche
establishing cooperation in four areas:
Climate Change: Both Presidents highlighted the importance of
addressing the critical problem of global warming and announced
agreement on two elements that are essential to a meaningful
solution:
Developing Country Commitments: Both Presidents affirmed that
the global nature of the climate change challenge demands a
global solution. To that end, they agreed that developing
countries must participate meaningfully in the solution,
including through emissions limits for developing countries.
Joint Implementation for Credit: "Joint implementation"
encourages companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions cost
effectively through international partnerships. Typically, a
company from one country helps a company from another with a
project that either reduces emissions (e.g., by improving
energy efficiency) or removes emissions from the atmosphere
(e.g., by planting trees) and in return receive credit for
their reductions. This provides companies with incentives to
reduce emissions in cost-effective ways by giving them credits
for qualifying reductions around the world. It creates win-
win partnerships encouraging the dissemination of new
environmental and energy technologies in developing countries.
In Buenos Aires, the United States and Argentina signed a
bilateral agreement providing a framework for joint
implementation projects.
The U.S Initiative on Joint Implementation (USIJI) has
approved 26 projects in eleven countries to date and there are
several more proposals in the pipeline.
2
Based on an agreement signed two years ago, there are now
over 10 approved projects in Central America, ranging from
wind power to reforestation of degraded farmlands.
Earlier this week, the Government of Paraguay accepted a
joint implementation partnership between U.S. -based Tucson
Electric and Colorado Public Service subsidiary, e prime,
and Argentina-based Carlos Casado, S.A., to protect the
critically endangered, biologically rich Laguna Tigre Forest
in Paraguay.
El Paso Energy of Texas has partnered with the Argentine
company, CAPEX, S.A., to retrofit a natural gas energy plant
to reduce emissions. They plan to submit this project to
the USIJI and the Argentine government for approval.
Space Cooperation Agreement: NASA and the Argentine space
agency, CONAE, agreed to collaborate on the launch of two
Argentine satellites, which will assist in environmental
monitoring, from NASA rockets. The launch of these satellites
builds on cooperation inaugurated in 1991 - the first such space
cooperation agreement in Latin America - following Argentina's
decision to devote its aerospace capabilities to civilian
purposes.
Tracking Whales: In July, 1998, the SAC-A Argentine satellite
will be launched from the Space Shuttle with equipment
enabling it to track endangered whale population migrations in
the southern hemisphere.
Monitoring Pollution: The SAC-C satellite will be launched in
1999 to monitor forest inventory, agricultural production
patterns, desertification in Patagonia, air and water
pollution, and marine coastal areas.
National Parks Cooperation Agreement: The U.S. National Park
Service and the Argentine National Parks Administration launched
a joint effort to protect national parks and promote increased
public environmental awareness. Today's agreement establishes a
five-year program of technical exchange and cooperation in park
management, including in personnel training and park visitor
education and information.
GLOBE Program: The Global Learning and Observations to Benefit
the Environment (GLOBE) program will expand to include an
Argentine school in the Antarctica, extending the program to a
new continent. GLOBE is a U.S.-led international program that
encourages young people to engage in scientific research on the
environment and post their findings on the Internet. GLOBE has
more than 4,000 participating schools in over 50 countries.
PRESIDENT HAS SEEM
10-20-97
SCENESETTER: MEETING WITH CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS
Brazil's Congress has been meeting since April 1960 -- except
for a short period during the military government -- in landmark
buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer. City planner Lucio Costa
symbolically located the Congress between the Executive and
Judicial branches on the Plaza of the Three Powers.
Brazil is a federal republic with 26 states (plus the Federal
District of Brasilia). 81 senators, three from each state
including the federal district, are popularly elected for eight-
year terms. The 513 representatives, also popularly elected,
serve for four years. There are fifteen parties represented in
Congress.
You will be escorted to the door of the "Salao Negro" (Black
HRC
Reception Hall), where you will be joined by Antonio Carlos
Magalhaes, President of the Senate (and of the Congress), and
AUAHIA) 4U400R
Michel Temer, President of the Chamber of Deputies. They will
lead you to the "Salao Nobre" (Noble Reception Hall), where the
Senate keeps a small collection of historical artifacts
preserved from its previous location in Rio.
PHOTOCOP
WJC HANDWRITING
CLINTON LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY