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1
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
COMMERCE
OFFICE
OF THE
UNITED STATES OF
SECRETARY
NEWS
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20230
For Immediate Release
Contact: Maria Cardona
Tuesday, September 30, 1997
(202) 482-4883
Curt Cultice
(202) 482-3809
1996 METROPOLITAN EXPORT NUMBERS REVEAL IMPORTANCE
OF TRADE TO CITIES, STATES
Secretary Daley Stresses Importance of Fast Track to Future U.S. Export Growth
Washington, D.C.-Ninety percent of the 253 metropolitan areas in the United States reported
an export sales growth from 1993 to 1996, showing that exports have become increasingly
important to the economic well-being of U.S. cities, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley
said today in releasing a new Commerce Department report.
Daley said the report also underscored the need for Congress to restore fast track negotiating
authority which will enable President Clinton to open more markets, reduce trade barriers abroad,
and increase U.S. exports. Increased U.S. exports will ensure the continued economic growth of
the cities as well as the nation as a whole.
"With 96 percent of the world's consumers living outside of the United States, one cannot
overstate the importance of exports to our economy and job growth in our nation's cities," said
Daley. "The new data clearly shows that the benefits of recent U.S. export growth have been
shared broadly by cities across the nation. If we want this success to continue, we must act
aggressively to open world markets and reduce barriers to our products. This is where fast track
can make an enormous difference in opening more sectors and providing greater opportunities for
our small and medium-sized businesses and for American working men and women."
Daley stated that fast track authority gives the President the power to negotiate trade agreements
with our trading partners around the world that will benefit the U.S. economy and will underscore
U.S. leadership in today's global arena. "Fast track will give President Clinton, working with
Congress as a full partner in setting objectives and establishing trade priorities, the authority and
the credibility to negotiate tough trade deals for the benefit of the American people. If we want to
continue to grow our economy and continue to see this kind of boom in our cities' export growth,
President Clinton must have-fast track authority as he engages our global trading partners."
The 1996 data show that merchandise exports from these cities totaled $494.5 billion in 1996, up
nearly $27 billion from 1995 and accounting for 79 percent of U.S. merchandise exports in 1996.
Nearly two-thirds of the metropolitan areas for which data are available reported export growth
during 1996.
-more-
A total of 86 metro areas posted 1996 export sales of $1 billion or more. This "billion-dollar
club" was responsible for about 71 percent of total U.S. exports of goods.
San Jose was the nation's top exporting metropolis in 1996, selling a total of $29.3 billion in
merchandise to foreign markets. San Jose was followed by New York (exports of $28 billion)
and Detroit ($27.5 billion). Other top exporters included Los Angeles-Long Beach ($24.4 billion),
Chicago ($22 billion), Seattle-Bellevue-Everett ($21.4 billion), Houston ($16.5 billion),
Minneapolis-St. Paul ($12.4 billion), Miami ($10.7 billion), and Portland-Vancouver
($9.2 billion).
Similar to the pattern in 1994 and 1995, metro areas that posted the largest percentage gains in
exports during 1996 were primarily small and mid-sized cities. Examples include Albuquerque,
New Mexico; Champaign-Urbana, Illinois; Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Florida; St. Joseph,
Missouri; and Wheeling, West Virginia-Ohio.
In 1996, a total of 38 metro areas boosted exports by one-fourth or more. Within this group, 24
metro areas expanded exports by one-third or more.
According to a recently published study by the National Association of Manufacturers and the
Institute for International Economics, U.S. businesses that export experience 20 percent faster
employment growth and are 9 percent less likely to go out of business than are non-exporting
firms. Additional data indicate that jobs in export industries also pay 13-18 percent more, provide
higher benefits and are more productive than firms that do not export.
"This is a pocketbook issue for every American as three-fourths of our exporters employ less than
50 people. This is what fast track is about: giving those small and medium-sized firms and
entrepreneurs the tools they need to increase their exports--and their employment," Daley added.
U.S. exports supported approximately 12 million U.S. jobs in 1996.
The metropolitan report--which will serve as a key tool for state, local and private sector
organizations in developing export strategies and measuring results--provides export totals
for 253 metro areas for the 1993-96 period. Additional tables furnishing industry sector
and destination breakouts for selected cities will be provided on the Internet and in a series of
forthcoming publications on the various U.S. regions.
The metropolitan-area export totals and 1996 state export profiles are available on the
International Trade Administration's World Wide Web at http://WWW.ITA.DOC.GOV/MEDIA
Note: The metro export data presented show export sales by exporters of record that are located
in the metro areas studied. The location from which exports are sold is not always the same as
the production location. The figures show the extent to which local businesses have marketed
products abroad, and they provide an indication of the degree to which local companies-and
their employees-depend on export markets.
###
Metropolitan
Area Exports
An Export Performance Report
On Over 250 U.S. Cities
Update! Contains 1996 Data
20
U.S. DEPARTMENT TRADE OF COMMISSE
U.S. Department of Commerce
International Trade Administration
INTRODUCTION
This report furnishes 1996 statistics on merchandise export sales by businesses located in 253
of the nation's Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Metro areas covered in this study
collectively account for nearly 80 percent of all U.S. exports of goods. The current report updates
metropolitan export figures for 1993-95 which were published by the Commerce Department in
October 1996. *
This study provides an overview of export activity in the nation's cities. A series of tables
furnishes export totals for each metro area and ranks the MSAs according to various criteria--e.g.,
by export value and recent export growth.
Metro export details for specific market destinations and industry sectors will be made
available in separate publications by the Department of Commerce. This is necessitated by
the sheer volume of information which can be generated. It is currently feasible to produce both
market and industry-level export details for 43 metro areas. Export market data--but only limited
industry data-can be produced for another 142 metro areas.
The metro export series was first created in early 1996 following a lengthy development
process; as a result, MSA export numbers are available only for 1993-96. The Commerce
Department intends to produce these figures on an annual basis, resources permitting.
All metro export statistics in this report have been have been compiled from the Census
Bureau's subnational Exporter Location (EL) series. The EL statistics show export sales by
exporters of record that are located in the metro areas listed.
The location from which exports are sold is not always the same as the production location.
Indeed, the locations of production and sales undoubtedly diverge more often at the local level
than at the state level. Consequently, one should not draw conclusions about a metro area's
export-related production or jobs solely on the basis of the data on the following pages. Any such
conclusions should be arrived at cautiously and only after evaluating a metro area's export sales
numbers in the context of other data on the local economy.
The metro area statistics in this report are best viewed as a measure of international sales
activity. The figures show the extent to which local businesses have marketed products abroad,
and they provide an indication of the degree to which local companies-and their employees--
depend on export markets. The data are particularly well-suited to government and private-sector
export promotion activities, since they pinpoint areas where export marketing by U.S. business
is vigorous.
Data users should be aware that MSA export sales figures are inherently more volatile from
year to year than state-level or national-level export statistics. Local reporting patterns can
* Metropolitan Area Exports: An Export Performance Report on Over 250 U.S. Cities. Available from the
National Technical Information Service (Order Number PB97-109821).
be strongly influenced by such factors as corporate relocations and reorganizations (e.g., a move
from city to suburbs, or reassignment of international marketing responsibilities to a unit located
elsewhere). Large one-time export deals can also produce volatility, especially in smaller
communities when exports are concentrated in relatively few firms.
Also, the figures presented here only measure local sales of final goods leaving the country.
They do not capture U.S. city-to-city shipments of intermediate components or raw materials that
are ultimately incorporated into export products. Such "indirect exports" are considered domestic
shipments and are excluded from official U.S. government export statistics.
Readers are cautioned that the numbers in this report are not directly comparable with
1987-93 export figures for about 30 metro areas previously released by the Department of
Commerce in mid-1994. Those statistics, which were compiled using a three-digit zip code
methodology, represented a first attempt to quantify metro area exports. The figures in this
publication are based on a more precise five-digit zip code approach, are much more accurate, and
therefore should be used in place of the prior statistics.
Although the metropolitan export figures in this report are far superior to those released in
1994, the new numbers-like most statistics-are not perfect. Due to resource constraints the
metro data, like state-level export data issued by the Census Bureau, have not been subjected to
all of Census' usual verification procedures. In particular, it has not been possible to identify and
fix data-entry errors and mistakes on shipping declarations (e.g., transposed zip code entries).
Nevertheless, while the numbers do not meet the same standards as national-level foreign trade
data, the statistics are believed to be generally on the mark. This conclusion is based on several
years of positive experience with EL export figures for three-digit zip codes, the findings of
limited field-tests of the metro data, and feedback received following the 1996 publication of
metro export statistics for 1993-95.
Given the pioneering nature of the numbers, it is strongly recommended that all data users
carefully read the Technical Notes and Appendix 2. These two sections contain additional
important information on methodology, guidance on how to use the data, and a description of the
strengths and limitations of the numbers.
CONTENTS
Export Sales of U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1993-96
1
Technical Notes: Metro Area Exporter Location (EL) Data
3
SUMMARY GRAPHS
7
Top 25 Metro Area Exporters, 1996, Ranked by 1996
Dollar Value
9
Greatest Dollar Gains for Metro Areas, 1995-96, Ranked by
Growth in Merchandise Export Value
10
Fastest-Growing Metro Area Exporters, 1995-96, Ranked by
Percentage Growth in Merchandise Exports
11
Greatest Dollar Gains for Metro Areas, 1993-96, Ranked by
Growth in Merchandise Export Value
12
Fastest-Growing Metro Area Exporters, 1993-96, Ranked by
Percentage Growth in Merchandise Exports
13
NATIONAL SUMMARY TABLES
15
Export Sales of U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1993-96
-- Alphabetical Listing
17
-- Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
29
-- Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
41
- Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
53
-- Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
65
- Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
77
APPENDICES
89
Appendix 1. State Merchandise Exports to the World: 1987, 1991-96
91
Appendix 2. Guide to State and Substate Export Data
93
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
1996 Highlights
Export sales by 253 selected U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) totaled $494.5
billion in 1996, up nearly $27 billion from 1995 sales of $467.7 billion. Sales by the metro
areas covered in this report accounted for 79 percent of U.S. merchandise exports in 1996.
Exports continue to benefit cities throughout the nation. Nearly 66 percent--about two-
thirds-of the metropolitan areas for which data are available recorded export growth during
1996.
A total of 86 metro areas posted 1996 export sales of $1 billion or more. This "billion-
dollar club" was responsible for about 71 percent of total U.S. merchandise exports.
Another 33 metropolitan areas recorded 1996 exports ranging from just over $500 million
to just under $1 billion.
An additional 104 metro areas generated exports between $100 million and $500 million.
San Jose was the nation's top exporting metropolis in 1996, selling a total of $29.3 billion
in merchandise to foreign markets. San Jose was followed by New York (exports of $28.0
billion) and Detroit ($27.5 billion). Other top exporters included Los Angeles-Long Beach
($24.4 billion), Chicago ($22.0 billion), Seattle-Bellevue-Everett ($21.4 billion), Houston
($16.5 billion), Minneapolis-St. Paul ($12.4 billion), Miami ($10.7 billion), and Portland-
Vancouver ($9.2 billion).
Five major metro areas expanded 1996 export sales by $1 billion or more. Another 10
metro areas boosted exports in 1996 by more than $500 million. An additional 54 posted
increases greater than $100 million.
The Seattle-Bellevue-Everett area recorded a 1996 export gain of $3.6 billion-the biggest
dollar increase of any U.S. metro area for which statistics are available. Seattle was
followed by San Jose, which registered export growth of $2.5 billion. Other metro areas with
large increases were Minneapolis-St. Paul (up $1.3 billion), Phoenix-Mesa (up $1.1 billion),
El Paso (up $1.1 billion), Chicago (up $947 million), Oakland (up $937 million), San Diego
(up $858 million), New York (up $839 million), and Boston (up $813 million).
Similar to the pattern in 1994 and 1995, the metro areas that posted the largest
percentage gains in exports during 1996 were primarily small and mid-sized cities.
Examples include Albuquerque, New Mexico; Champaign-Urbana, Illinois; Melbourne-
Titusville-Palm Bay, Florida; St. Joseph, Missouri; and Wheeling, West Virginia-Ohio.
In 1996, a total of 38 metro areas boosted exports by one-fourth or more. Within this
group, 24 metro areas expanded exports by one-third or more.
1
1993-96 Trends
From 1993 to 1996, exports from metro areas for which data are available rose by $122.1
billion. This represents a gain of 33 percent--about the same percentage increase as total U.S.
merchandise exports.
Of the 253 metro areas for which 1996 export figures are available, 90 percent recorded
export growth over the 1993-96 period.
Thirty-three metro areas recorded 1993-96 export increases of more than $1 billion.
- By far the largest dollar gains were posted by San Jose (up $13.2 billion) and Detroit (up
$10.8 billion).
-- Following San Jose and Detroit were Chicago (up $7.6 billion), Los Angeles-Long Beach
(up $4.4 billion), Houston (up $4.3 billion), Portland-Vancouver (up $3.5 billion),
Phoenix-Mesa (up $3.4 billion), Minneapolis-St. Paul (up $3.4 billion), Oakland (up $3.1
billion), and Orange County, California (up $2.7 billion).
Twenty-two metro areas registered 1993-96 export growth ranging from just over $500
million to just under $1 billion. Leaders in this category included Raleigh-Durham-Chapel
Hill, North Carolina; Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, Michigan; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
Riverside-San Bernardino, California; Cincinnati, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana; Nassau-Suffolk,
New York; Lexington, Kentucky; Sacramento, California; Washington, D.C.-Maryland-
Virginia-West Virginia; and Akron, Ohio.
Sixty-nine metropolitan areas saw exports rise between $100 million and $500 million
over the 1993-96 period. Top performers in this group included Hartford, Connecticut; San
Antonio, Texas; Albuquerque, New Mexico; Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, Iowa-Illinois;
Wichita, Kansas; Salt Lake City-Ogden, Utah; Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, Pennsylvania;
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, New York; Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, Michigan; and Toledo,
Ohio.
Over the 1993-96 period, a total of 91 metropolitan areas increased their exports by 50
percent or more. Of these, 22 more than doubled their exports.
2
TECHNICAL NOTES
Metro Area Exporter Location (EL) Data
All metro export numbers in this report were tabulated by matching up five-digit zip codes
entered by businesses on U.S. export declarations with the five-digit zip codes specified for
each Metropolitan Statistical Area in the Census Bureau's City Reference File. To take a
simple example, the information appearing on any export declaration that displayed a five-digit
zip code that is wholly within the counties that make up the San Diego metro area was allocated
to San Diego.
The matching process, however, sometimes necessitated compromises. For instance, the
boundaries of five-digit zip codes sometimes cross from a metro area into nearby rural areas. In
such cases, the zip code was assigned to the metro area.
In cases where two or more adjacent metro areas share the same five-digit zip code, it was
impossible to assign export declarations with that zip code to any single metro area. In such
cases, export declarations for the zip code in question were assigned to a catch-all "crossover"
category. The crossover category in 1996 accounted for 2.6 percent of total U.S. merchandise
exports.
Since the boundaries of official MSAs are county-based, data users can readily determine
the coverage of export statistics for any given MSA by referring to published maps or other
widely available references. It is not possible here to provide a comprehensive listing of counties
for the 253 metropolitan areas covered by this publication.
Because of the relative precision of the five-digit zip code method used to compile this report, the
metro area export figures in the following pages can be compared and used in conjunction with
any other MSA-based federal statistics (e.g., on population, income, educational level). The only
limitation is that the numbers presented here only cover Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and
counterpart Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs), which are found in heavily
populated areas. No export statistics have been generated for larger Consolidated Metropolitan
Statistical Areas (CMSAs), which encompass two or more PMSAs. However, data users can
independently calculate CMSA export totals by summing figures for component PMSAs.
Data users are advised that official MSA statistics on population or other categories should
not be used in conjunction with earlier export statistics for about 30 metro areas released by
the Commerce Department in mid-1994. As noted in the Introduction, those numbers were
based on a comparatively crude three-digit zip code approach that only roughly approximated
metro area boundaries. Those figures are superseded by the statistics in this report and the
Commerce Department's 1996 publications on metropolitan exports (for ordering information see
the Introduction or consult the metro exports section of the Department's Internet web site
(http://www.ita.doc.gov/industry/otea)
Regarding comparability with other U.S. trade data, the export figures in this publication
can be used in conjunction with state-level Exporter Location (EL) data issued by the Census
3
Bureau. Using these data together it is possible, for example, to show Cleveland's share of
Ohio's export sales.
However, care should be used when comparing the metro export data on the following pages with
the state-level EL data widely distributed by the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic
Research (MISER). The MISER state export numbers (known as MISER "Series II"), although
based on the Census Bureau's EL data tape, are adjusted to eliminate the "unallocated" category--
i.e., those exports which the Census Bureau cannot assign to any state due to deficient reporting
by exporters. MISER's adjustments render its state-level EL figures not strictly comparable with
metro figures in this report, which have not been adjusted in any way. (For more complete
information on how to use and interpret the EL series, see Appendix 2.)
In tabulating MSA export figures for 1996, the Census Bureau was unable to allocate $60.7
billion, or 9.7 percent, of U.S. export value to any local jurisdiction. Some 7.1 percent was
"unknown"-i.e., could not be assigned to any five-digit zip code because of faulty reporting by
exporters. The remaining 2.6 percent fell into the previously discussed crossover category.
It follows from the above that (1) export totals for at least some metro areas in this report
are somewhat understated, and (2) ongoing improvements in business reporting of zip codes
on export declarations can produce one-time statistically-induced gains in metro area
exports. Consequently, year-to-year changes in metro area exports need to be interpreted with
some care.
For example, Detroit's recorded exports rose a stunning $10.7 billion, or 65 percent, from 1993
to 1994. Research suggests, however, that possibly as much as $6 billion of the gain was due to
improved 1994 reporting on export declarations by Detroit-area transport equipment
manufacturers. Because of incomplete reporting in 1993, these shipments were in that year folded
into the national "unallocated" category and were not even credited to Michigan, much less
Detroit.
Apart from the issue of "crossover" and "unknown" zip codes, some $36.9 billion, or 5.9 percent,
of U.S. merchandise exports in 1996 was sold from five-digit zip codes located in rural areas.
These transactions are summarized in a "nonmetropolitan areas" category which is displayed
where appropriate.
Because of U.S. laws that preclude disclosure of confidential business data provided to the
federal government, it was necessary for the Census Bureau to completely suppress export
data for a number of metro areas that undoubtedly recorded significant exports over the
1993-95 period. A good example is Peoria, Illinois. MSAs for which total suppression was
necessary have been folded into a category labeled "other metropolitan areas." This category
accounted for 4.9 percent of U.S. merchandise exports in 1996.
For the 253 metro areas for which it is possible to release some 1996 export data, disclosure
regulations still limit or prevent the release of much detail on foreign markets and the industry
composition of exports. Manufactured product detail, even for the largest exporting MSAs, is
4
limited to broad two-digit SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) categories. For non-
manufactured commodities (coal, minerals, ores, unprocessed agricultural commodities, crude
petroleum, etc.) there is no product breakdown for any MSA. Information on market
destinations, while generally more complete than data on product composition, is also subject to
important disclosure-induced limitations.
As noted in the Introduction, this report provides MSA export totals only. Specifics on MSA
export industries and markets will be furnished in seven separate companion volumes, each of
which will cover a major U.S. region.
All data in this publication are on a f.a.s. (free alongside ship) basis and include reexports as well
as domestic exports. All numbers are based on initial data and do not reflect carryover
adjustments or other revisions.
In some cases, details in tables may not add to totals due to rounding. Additionally, rounding may
produce small differences between figures cited in tables, text, and graphs.
5
SUMMARY GRAPHS
7
Top 25 Metro Area Exporters, 1996
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Value
($ Billions)
San Jose, CA
$29.3
New York, NY
$28.0
Detroit, MI
$27.5
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
$24.4
Chicago, IL
$22.0
Seattle-Bellevue-Everet) WA
$21.4
Houston, TX
$16.5
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
$12.4
Miami, FL
$10.7
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
$9.2
Boston, MA-NH
$8.7
San Francisco, CA
$8.6
Orange County, CA
$8.3
Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV
$8.1
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
$7.9
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
$7.7
Oakland, CA
$7.3
Dallas, TX
$7.1
San Diego, CA
$6.7
Atlanta, GA
$5.9
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
$5.6
El Paso, TX
$5.2
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
$5.1
Newark, NJ
$5.0
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN
$4.8
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
$35
$ Billions
Source: Exporter Location Series, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by International Trade Administration,
U.S.Department of Commerce.
9
Greatest Dollar Gains for Metro Areas, 1995-96
Ranked by Growth in Merchandise Export Value
($ Billions)
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
$3.58
San Jose, CA
$2.51
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
$1.31
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
$1.13
El Paso, TX
$1.09
Chicago, IL
$0.95
Oakland, CA
$0.94
San Diego, CA
$0.86
New York, NY
$0.84
Boston, MA-NH
$0.81
Kansas City, MO-KS
$0.63
Laredo, TX
$0.54
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
$0.53
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN
$0.53
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC
$0.52
St. Louis, MO-IL
$0.50
Miami, FL
$0.48
Albuquerque, NM
$0.47
Sacramento, CA
$0.46
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
$0.46
Indianapolis, IN
$0.46
Rochester, NY
$0.45
San Francisco, CA
$0.43
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC
$0.42
Kokomo, IN
$0.41
$0
$1
$2
$3
$4
$ Billions
Source: Exporter Location Series, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by International Trade Administration,
U.S.Department of Commerce.
10
Fastest-Growing Metro Area Exporters, 1995-96
Ranked by Percentage Growth in Merchandise Exports
Albuquerque, NM
174.1
Champaign-Urbana, IL
107.3
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL
104.8
St. Joseph, MO
90.4
Wheeling, WV-OH
67.5
Albany, GA
66.6
Sherman-Denison, TX
62.6
Bloomington, IN
55.9
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA
55.6
Terre Haute, IN
55.0
Provo-Orem, UT
49.7
Corpus Christi, TX
48.9
Racine, WI
47.2
Omaha, NE-IA
42.8
Wilmington, NC
42.6
Joplin, MO
42.0
Elmira, NY
41.2
Lawrence, KS
40.6
Decatur, AL
39.6
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
38.0
San Antonio, TX
36.2
Manchester, NH
35.5
Lynchburg, VA
34.7
Janesville-Beloit, WI
33.5
Sacramento, CA
31.8
0
50
100
150
200
Percent Change
Source: Exporter Location Series, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by International Trade Administration,
U.S. Department of Commerce.
11
Greatest Dollar Gains for Metro Areas, 1993-96
Ranked by Growth in Merchandise Export Value
($ Billions)
San Jose, CA
$13.2
Detroit, MI
$10.8
Chicago, IL
$7.6
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
$4.4
Houston, TX
$4.3
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
$3.5
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
$3.4
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
$3.4
Oakland, CA
$3.1
Orange County, CA
$2.7
Miami, FL
$2.4
San Diego, CA
$2.4
Dallas, TX
$2.3
El Paso, TX
$2.2
Boston, MA-NH
$2.2
Atlanta, GA
$2.0
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
$1.9
Kansas City, MO-KS
$1.8
Memphis, TN-AR-MS
$1.7
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
$1.6
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
$1.5
Indianapolis, IN
$1.4
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
$1.4
New Orleans, LA
$1.3
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
$1.3
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
$ Billions
Source: Exporter Location Series, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by International Trade Administration,
U.S.Department of Commerce.
12
Fastest-Growing Metro Area Exporters, 1993-96
Ranked by Percentage Growth in Merchandise Exports
Sherman-Denison, TX
324.9
Terre Haute, IN
277.0
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR
220.0
La Crosse, WI-MN
201.7
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
192.5
Albuquerque, NM
188.4
Elmira, NY
180.5
South Bend, IN
175.3
St. Joseph, MO
156.0
Champaign-Urbana, IL
144.3
Lexington, KY
140.3
Texarkana, TX-AR
140.1
Charleston, WV
130.3
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA
128.7
Pittsfield, MA
127.5
Decatur, AL
116.3
Muncie, IN
113.8
Wheeling, WV-OH
105.4
Wilmington, NC
105.2
Omaha, NE-IA
102.9
Greeley, CO
102.4
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL
101.4
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY
99.3
Albany, GA
98.7
Dubuque, IA
97.2
0
100
200
300
400
Percent Change
Source: Exporter Location Series, U.S. Census Bureau. Prepared by International Trade Administration,
U.S.Department of Commerce.
13
NATIONAL SUMMARY TABLES
15
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Akron, OH
$1,434,941,835
$1,606,289,098
$1,931,665,315
$2,260,274,977
$825,333,142
57.5
$328,609,662
17.0
Albany--Schenectady--Troy, NY
676,205,811
831,365,928
1,061,193,724
1,101,028,734
424,822,923
62.8
39,835,010
3.8
Albany, GA
26,396,462
31,809,840
31,496,956
52,462,198
26,065,736
98.7
20,965,242
66.6
Albuquerque, NM
256,688,708
335,480,983
270,083,340
740,349,310
483,660,602
188.4
470,265,970
174.1
Alexandria, LA
15,789,189
16,932,546
18,691,822
21,630,915
5,841,726
37.0
2,939,093
15.7
Allentown--Bethlehem--Easton, PA
1,273,864,662
1,371,116,128
1,492,805,120
1,477,242,953
203,378,291
16.0
-15,562,167
-1.0
Altoona, PA
42,603,769
46,387,634
74,185,381
80,174,812
37,571,043
88.2
5,989,431
8.1
Anchorage, AK
128,778,773
198,191,709
150,417,105
108,977,114
-19,801,659
-15.4
-41,439,991
-27.6
Ann Arbor, MI
2,218,082,828
2,075,768,978
1,157,910,245
1,311,133,806
-906,949,022
-40.9
153,223,561
13.2
Appleton--Oshkosh--Neenah, WI
529,528,092
507,733,459
593,726,456
608,520,939
78,992,847
14.9
14,794,483
2.5
Asheville, NC
232,281,062
228,597,097
185,185,417
236,684,245
4,403,183
1.9
51,498,828
27.8
Atlanta, GA
3,870,588,791
4,739,123,635
5,811,439,296
5,891,451,390
2,020,862,599
52.2
80,012,094
1.4
Augusta--Aiken, GA--SC
227,431,785
326,301,958
405,182,720
443,887,586
216,455,801
95.2
38,704,866
9.6
Austin--San Marcos, TX
1,721,513,552
2,128,773,530
2,929,207,924
2,743,135,077
1,021,621,525
59.3
-186,072,847
-6.4
Bakersfield, CA
480,657,214
780,376,616
730,542,493
721,272,772
240,615,558
50.1
-9,269,721
-1.3
Baltimore, MD
1,783,406,722
1,868,967,765
2,209,167,884
2,110,417,170
327,010,448
18.3
-98,750,714
-4.5
Baton Rouge, LA
564,618,024
457,982,011
569,620,124
552,851,725
-11,766,299
-2.1
-16,768,399
-2.9
Beaumont-Port Arthur," TX
87,690,448
97,015,393
118,907,224
115,377,673
27,687,225
31.6
-3,529,551
-3.0
Bellingham, WA
206,776,814
210,652,470
253,540,383
275,373,942
68,597,128
33.2
21,833,559
8.6
Benton Harbor, MI
338,674,082
368,813,560
369,319,450
317,239,307
-21,434,775
-6.3
-52,080,143
-14.1
Bergen--Passaic, NJ
3,924,948,374
4,387,000,116
4,784,006,411
4,499,878,508
574,930,134
14.6
-284,127,903
-5.9
Biloxi--Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS
108,136,162
281,603,418
281,039,517
119,916,297
11,780,135
10.9
-161,123,220
-57.3
Binghamton, NY
316,229,309
474,877,881
558,094,464
443,250,094
127,020,785
40.2
-114,844,370
-20.6
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
17
18
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Birmingham, AL
$533,867,447
$453,848,201
$550,542,807
$625,776,105
$91,908,658
17.2
$75,233,298
13.7
Bloomington, IN
113,645,558
115,744,973
127,555,248
198,831,576
85,186,018
75.0
71,276,328
55.9
Boise City, ID
1,022,745,418
1,289,820,030
1,634,971,533
1,338,529,303
315,783,885
30.9
-296,442,230
-18.1
Boston, MA--NH
6,472,471,061
7,095,349,390
7,902,660,426
8,715,803,698
2,243,332,637
34.7
813,143,272
10.3
Brazoria, TX
1,475,063,152
1,760,999,069
NA*
NA*
--
I
--
:
Bremerton, WA
45,021,656
54,582,146
109,800,268
79,868,261
34,846,605
77.4
-29,932,007
-27.3
Bridgeport, CT
1,125,870,184
918,846,699
952,929,366
788,587,160
-337,283,024
-30.0
-164,342,206
-17.2
Brockton, MA
106,999,711
113,104,954
143,965,005
159,706,529
52,706,818
49.3
15,741,524
10.9
Brownsville--Harlingen--San Benito, TX
1,904,365,994
2,113,361,920
2,245,917,188
2,612,576,717
708,210,723
37.2
366,659,529
16.3
Buffalo--Niagara Falls, NY
1,135,152,775
1,569,651,215
2,295,800,493
2,262,227,981
1,127,075,206
99.3
-33,572,512
-1.5
Canton--Massillon, OH
250,176,671
315,936,317
377,170,351
405,984,758
155,808,087
62.3
28,814,407
7.6
Cedar Rapids, IA
342,381,810
363,795,140
402,216,473
391,100,051
48,718,241
14.2
-11,116,422
-2.8
Champaign--Urbana, IL
87,761,650
89,340,648
103,420,926
214,408,931
126,647,281
144.3
110,988,005
107.3
Charleston--North Charleston, SC
597,253,189
388,467,350
501,582,266
595,060,549
-2,192,640
-0.4
93,478,283
18.6
Charleston, WV
178,938,582
277,595,846
394,361,940
412,150,338
233,211,756
130.3
17,788,398
4.5
Charlotte-Gastonia--Rock Hill, NC--SC
1,563,724,843
1,782,827,269
2,087,969,592
2,291,296,199
727,571,356
46.5
203,326,607
9.7
Charlottesville, VA
113,835,932
123,035,393
157,362,242
140,238,461
26,402,529
23.2
-17,123,781
-10.9
Chattanooga, TN--GA
218,309,555
237,266,538
301,011,927
273,466,145
55,156,590
25.3
-27,545,782
-9.2
Chicago, IL
14,446,576,063
17,333,603,392
21,083,418,213
22,030,068,072
7,583,492,009
52.5
946,649,859
4.5
Chico--Paradise, CA
71,040,934
77,167,326
70,136,604
78,132,866
7,091,932
10.0
7,996,262
11.4
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN
3,898,151,122
4,056,505,886
4,256,652,673
4,784,139,630
885,988,508
22.7
527,486,957
12.4
Cleveland--Lorain--Elyria OH
3,582,759,333
4,093,322,966
4,706,990,680
5,075,165,450
1,492,406,117
41.7
368,174,770
7.8
Colorado Springs, CO
664,289,154
900,712,044
954,691,572
856,993,710
192,704,556
29.0
-97,697,862
-10.2
*
NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Columbia, MO
$42,934,889
$50,173,690
$51,134,313
$57,875,367
$14,940,478
34.8
$6,741,054
13.2
Columbia, SC
212,915,343
300,390,174
343,310,841
310,848,312
97,932,969
46.0
-32,462,529
-9.5
Columbus, GA--AL
183,841,381
172,771,815
245,349,953
253,155,187
69,313,806
37.7
7,805,234
3.2
Columbus, OH
1,167,012,557
1,295,467,590
1,358,161,052
1,497,159,962
330,147,405
28.3
138,998,910
10.2
Corpus Christi, TX
186,763,368
153,571,047
162,390,036
241,770,221
55,006,853
29.5
79,380,185
48.9
Cumberland, MD--WV
54,899,071
64,260,954
53,813,253
45,917,310
-8,981,761
-16.4
-7,895,943
-14.7
Dallas, TX
4,817,639,383
5,679,710,931
6,870,413,661
7,096,879,121
2,279,239,738
47.3
226,465,460
3.3
Danbury, CT
316,699,123
392,955,842
421,570,014
531,919,512
215,220,389
68.0
110,349,498
26.2
Danville, VA
172,993,844
202,726,598
155,744,244
89,126,788
-83,867,056
-48.5
-66,617,456
-42.8
Davenport--Moline--Rock Island, IA--IL
1,102,557,510
1,098,869,468
1,291,031,098
1,576,122,832
473,565,322
43.0
285,091,734
22.1
Dayton--Springfield, OH
2,479,866,622
2,671,308,908
2,404,843,615
2,201,505,400
-278,361,222
-11.2
-203,338,215
-8.5
Daytona Beach, FL
140,472,143
110,299,169
85,854,725
111,657,267
-28,814,876
-20.5
25,802,542
30.1
Decatur, AL
42,334,717
54,467,829
65,584,180
91,562,675
49,227,958
116.3
25,978,495
39.6
Denver, CO
930,959,714
1,089,812,265
1,385,281,758
1,502,864,847
571,905,133
61.4
117,583,089
8.5
Des Moines, IA
337,182,965
348,931,102
378,548,963
426,016,806
88,833,841
26.3
47,467,843
12.5
Detroit, MI
16,780,888,732
27,469,655,137
27,314,657,428
27,531,231,354
10,750,342,622
64.1
216,573,926
0.8
Dubuque, IA
93,056,279
177,562,181
180,739,813
183,518,483
90,462,204
97.2
2,778,670
1.5
Dutchess County, NY
796,549,566
980,569,435
NA*
NA*
:
:
--
--
Eau Claire, WI
289,715,835
465,707,890
399,923,268
320,595,844
30,880,009
10.7
-79,327,424
-19.8
El Paso, TX
2,967,026,906
3,561,263,422
4,120,776,696
5,212,688,891
2,245,661,985
75.7
1,091,912,195
26.5
Elkhart--Goshen, IN
419,879,457
460,350,316
501,534,285
367,464,878
-52,414,579
-12.5
-134,069,407
-26.7
Elmira, NY
70,198,940
116,821,840
139,477,729
196,874,347
126,675,407
180.5
57,396,618
41.2
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
19
20
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Erie, PA
$311,583,551
$285,447,671
$490,769,564
$321,857,103
$10,273,552
3.3
-$168,912,461
-34.4
Eugene--Springfield, OR
157,945,724
173,094,239
190,327,845
168,901,955
10,956,231
6.9
-21,425,890
-11.3
Evansville--Henderson, IN--KY
448,533,992
487,403,232
525,072,223
545,087,640
96,553,648
21.5
20,015,417
3.8
Fargo--Moorhead, ND--MN
111,847,927
137,258,753
155,009,615
181,892,036
70,044,109
62.6
26,882,421
17.3
Fayetteville-Springdale--Rogers, AR
250,351,519
433,823,178
669,265,366
801,202,632
550,851,113
220.0
131,937,266
19.7
Fayetteville, NC
54,326,862
57,909,024
66,594,236
65,411,163
11,084,301
20.4
-1,183,073
-1.8
Flint, MI
958,923,618
1,032,050,028
1,451,712,126
1,318,808,559
359,884,941
37.5
-132,903,567
-9.2
Florence, AL
29,805,559
25,747,647
29,536,657
25,245,146
-4,560,413
-15.3
-4,291,511
-14.5
Florence, SC
66,283,137
117,219,848
249,016,278
121,575,880
55,292,743
83.4
-127,440,398
-51.2
Fort Collins--Loveland, CO
284,313,777
354,461,962
373,863,044
468,123,621
183,809,844
64.7
94,260,577
25.2
Fort Lauderdale, FL
1,321,447,890
1,506,662,094
1,774,654,135
1,864,517,768
543,069,878
41.1
89,863,633
5.1
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL
73,493,929
92,293,244
114,172,040
107,600,648
34,106,719
46.4
-6,571,392
-5.8
Fort Wayne, IN
640,583,777
770,882,450
1,029,423,033
991,375,086
350,791,309
54.8
-38,047,947
-3.7
Fort Worth--Arlington, TX
1,600,206,447
2,052,001,428
1,915,014,056
2,372,702,547
772,496,100
48.3
457,688,491
23.9
Fresno, CA
673,105,211
763,407,316
714,388,494
691,807,510
18,702,299
2.8
-22,580,984
-3.2
Gainesville, FL
62,603,224
65,747,174
91,619,239
88,265,083
25,661,859
41.0
-3,354,156
-3.7
Gary, IN
225,347,242
267,480,658
310,598,859
303,193,457
77,846,215
34.5
-7,405,402
-2.4
Grand Rapids--Muskegon-Holland, MI
1,704,959,504
1,993,494,017
2,304,077,070
2,656,497,290
951,537,786
55.8
352,420,220
15.3
Greeley, CO
276,023,363
501,822,972
582,938,322
558,789,549
282,766,186
102.4
-24,148,773
-4.1
Green Bay, WI
134,096,711
187,289,675
212,672,332
188,949,597
54,852,886
40.9
-23,722,735
-11.2
Greensboro--Win.-Salem--High Point, NC
2,453,096,262
2,773,310,009
3,356,262,119
3,495,638,996
1,042,542,734
42.5
139,376,877
4.2
Greenville--Spartanburg--Anderson, SC
1,462,111,636
1,745,019,520
2,305,311,475
2,720,417,114
1,258,305,478
86.1
415,105,639
18.0
*
NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Hamilton-Middletown, OH
$49,285,459
$66,255,465
$78,347,581
$90,124,695
$40,839,236
82.9
$11,777,114
15.0
Harrisburg-Lobanon--Carlislo, PA
339,161,096
535,012,238
600,972,744
775,520,056
436,358,960
128.7
174,547,312
29.0
Hartford, CT
1,926,096,785
1,967,053,061
2,167,602,843
2,415,985,216
489,888,431
25.4
248,382,373
11.5
Hickory--Morganton, NC
335,244,333
397,915,417
476,068,830
464,328,927
129,084,594
38.5
-11,739,903
-2.5
Honolulu, HI
187,787,670
215,515,649
228,238,973
265,744,355
77,956,685
41.5
37,505,382
16.4
Houma, LA
58,293,859
53,768,325
60,043,046
57,997,801
-296,058
-0.5
-2,045,245
-3.4
Houston, TX
12,284,565,944
13,388,170,043
16,247,880,035
16,541,462,510
4,256,896,566
34.7
293,582,475
1.8
Huntington--Ashland, WV--KY--OH
136,550,041
162,404,065
237,186,454
193,938,404
57,388,363
42.0
-43,248,050
-18.2
Huntsville, AL
573,554,075
672,092,188
828,966,491
899,067,821
325,513,746
56.8
70,101,330
8.5
Indianapolis, IN
2,626,625,792
3,003,834,284
3,555,924,896
4,012,774,870
1,386,149,078
52.8
456,849,974
12.8
Jackson, MI
95,465,271
96,270,060
98,478,171
128,123,008
32,657,737
34.2
29,644,837
30.1
Jackson, MS
141,225,513
154,261,115
203,013,240
231,400,561
90,175,048
63.9
28,387,321
14.0
Jackson, TN
108,016,037
132,547,246
175,311,228
155,209,557
47,193,520
43.7
-20,101,671
-11.5
Jacksonville, FL
404,853,481
500,395,802
604,065,516
676,984,833
272,131,352
67.2
72,919,317
12.1
Jamestown, NY
156,924,124
209,363,848
256,550,359
241,230,928
84,306,804
53.7
-15,319,431
-6.0
Janesville--Beloit, WI
76,566,963
76,345,916
80,211,725
107,079,063
30,512,100
39.9
26,867,338
33.5
Jersey City, NJ
986,218,379
1,351,240,038
1,159,861,493
1,140,757,309
154,538,930
15.7
-19,104,184
-1.6
Johnson City--Kingsport--Bristol, TN--VA
1,356,660,383
1,580,777,613
1,677,496,932
1,566,531,562
209,871,179
15.5
-110,965,370
-6.6
Joplin, MO
52,132,423
44,601,213
50,323,854
71,444,652
19,312,229
37.0
21,120,798
42.0
Kalamazoo--Battle Creek, MI
650,330,732
868,950,604
897,345,300
836,062,385
185,731,653
28.6
-61,282,915
-6.8
Kankakee, IL
79,077,304
85,978,927
137,807,663
113,716,644
34,639,340
43.8
-24,091,019
-17.5
Kansas City, MO-KS
2,225,900,542
2,578,559,820
3,350,169,565
3,985,072,561
1,759,172,019
79.0
634,902,996
19.0
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
21
22
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Kenosha, WI
$126,851,361
$117,674,203
$133,917,838
$154,262,351
$27,410,990
21.6
$20,344,513
15.2
Knoxville, TN
580,408,061
689,179,313
633,188,407
764,136,758
183,728,697
31.7
130,948,351
20.7
Kokomo, IN
1,727,479,804
1,858,412,518
1,648,872,292
2,056,420,227
328,940,423
19.0
407,547,935
24.7
La Crosse, WI--MN
90,557,886
93,073,270
276,216,972
273,185,399
182,627,513
201.7
-3,031,573
-1.1
Lafayette, IN
75,176,012
74,907,687
116,206,271
133,217,699
58,041,687
77.2
17,011,428
14.6
Lafayette, LA
93,648,966
148,703,593
192,720,480
164,842,615
71,193,649
76.0
-27,877,865
-14.5
Lake Charles, LA
56,088,346
55,910,699
64,559,699
48,199,497
-7,888,849
-14.1
-16,360,202
-25.3
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL
187,019,764
199,172,933
237,674,306
241,524,956
54,505,192
29.1
3,850,650
1.6
Lancaster, PA
406,093,457
469,339,181
581,528,332
626,224,665
220,131,208
54.2
44,696,333
7.7
Lansing-East Lansing, MI
185,665,447
208,627,069
224,039,124
202,208,820
16,543,373
8.9
-21,830,304
-9.7
Laredo, TX
4,061,824,179
4,157,377,819
2,897,821,799
3,440,672,848
-621,151,331
-15.3
542,851,049
18.7
Las Vegas, NV--AZ
166,604,475
144,836,836
NA*
NA*
:
--
--
:
Lawrence, KS
5,238,501
6,243,631
4,081,278
5,737,754
499,253
9.5
1,656,476
40.6
Lawrence, MA--NH
822,630,081
806,416,721
841,677,880
1,033,637,404
211,007,323
25.7
191,959,524
22.8
Lexington, KY
624,190,496
1,078,565,940
1,235,008,709
1,499,918,569
875,728,073
140.3
264,909,860
21.5
Lima, OH
294,120,243
166,192,408
225,999,625
207,329,529
-86,790,714
-29.5
-18,670,096
-8.3
Lincoln, NE
188,537,132
207,173,028
208,814,167
225,253,497
36,716,365
19.5
16,439,330
7.9
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR
200,140,443
218,993,515
193,608,620
210,392,349
10,251,906
5.1
16,783,729
8.7
Longview--Marshall, TX
84,953,839
97,254,225
121,156,896
144,152,404
59,198,565
69.7
22,995,508
19.0
Los Angeles--Long Beach, CA
20,013,560,462
22,224,814,589
24,730,951,600
24,437,944,781
4,424,384,319
22.1
-293,006,819
-1.2
Louisville, KY--IN
1,673,848,467
1,798,846,995
2,199,762,270
2,327,058,039
653,209,572
39.0
127,295,769
5.8
Lowell, MA--NH
867,466,548
890,090,652
1,079,890,413
1,119,944,606
252,478,058
29.1
40,054,193
3.7
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Lubbock, TX
$98,634,148
$165,123,367
$258,746,975
$189,012,353
$90,378,205
91.6
-$69,734,622
-27.0
Lynchburg, VA
143,245,862
152,545,285
192,136,774
258,838,467
115,592,605
80.7
66,701,693
34.7
Macon, GA
160,523,442
173,275,765
197,552,052
220,086,420
59,562,978
37.1
22,534,368
11.4
Madison, WI
357,688,184
417,083,076
497,461,686
522,408,188
164,720,004
46.1
24,946,502
5.0
Manchester, NH
107,047,205
115,302,567
146,299,420
198,253,604
91,206,399
85.2
51,954,184
35.5
Mansfield, OH
367,635,806
349,887,597
394,923,680
412,977,971
45,342,165
12.3
18,054,291
4.6
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
1,510,194,856
1,826,431,295
1,617,130,723
1,579,743,309
69,548,453
4.6
-37,387,414
-2.3
Melbourne--Titusville--Palm Bay, FL
315,249,458
315,942,399
310,089,285
634,964,140
319,714,682
101.4
324,874,855
104.8
Memphis, TN--AR--MS
2,055,082,048
2,729,489,435
4,163,837,508
3,786,079,518
1,730,997,470
84.2
-377,757,990
-9.1
Miami, FL
8,264,303,946
9,266,745,514
10,200,814,784
10,681,235,944
2,416,931,998
29.2
480,421,160
4.7
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
2,840,560,943
3,035,890,854
3,448,093,348
3,628,085,216
787,524,273
27.7
179,991,868
5.2
Milwaukee--Waukesha, WI
2,337,304,875
2,913,544,707
3,506,904,100
3,717,211,269
1,379,906,394
59.0
210,307,169
6.0
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN--WI
9,003,818,021
8,863,530,759
11,071,821,888
12,383,978,644
3,380,160,623
37.5
1,312,156,756
11.9
Mobile, AL
356,694,800
395,275,506
415,827,287
459,850,316
103,155,516
28.9
44,023,029
10.6
Modesto, CA
201,050,014
236,677,694
279,172,075
359,600,993
158,550,979
78.9
80,428,918
28.8
Monmouth--Ocean, NJ
373,365,625
410,212,800
471,772,839
478,195,651
104,830,026
28.1
6,422,812
1.4
Monroe, LA
77,148,746
107,119,178
167,800,817
133,964,208
56,815,462
73.6
-33,836,609
-20.2
Montgomery, AL
157,828,546
231,008,786
244,100,977
192,869,812
35,041,266
22.2
-51,231,165
-21.0
Muncie, IN
64,329,690
107,404,131
158,266,189
137,554,385
73,224,695
113.8
-20,711,804
-13.1
Naples, FL
55,573,932
55,984,555
75,004,316
75,953,612
20,379,680
36.7
949,296
1.3
Nashua, NH
290,190,543
235,398,399
282,231,639
291,331,113
1,140,570
0.4
9,099,474
3.2
Nashville, TN
1,104,100,985
1,310,492,235
1,412,347,520
1,445,492,486
341,391,501
30.9
33,144,966
2.3
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
23
24
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Nassau--Suffolk, NY
$2,803,215,823
$2,866,271,135
$3,558,627,404
$3,680,169,225
$876,953,402
31.3
$121,541,821
3.4
New Bedford, MA
141,561,056
154,502,826
186,769,682
165,766,797
24,205,741
17.1
-21,002,885
-11.2
New Haven-Meriden, CT
1,035,550,576
1,075,478,242
1,106,348,547
1,012,436,505
-23,114,071
-2.2
-93,912,042
-8.5
New London--Norwich, CT--RI
136,538,289
141,454,049
178,198,469
157,456,952
20,918,663
15.3
-20,741,517
-11.6
New Orleans, LA
2,034,209,302
2,326,231,047
3,037,819,182
3,316,761,379
1,282,552,077
63.0
278,942,197
9.2
New York, NY
28,192,821,918
23,543,749,240
27,131,083,725
27,970,506,919
-222,314,999
-0.8
839,423,194
3.1
Newark, NJ
4,287,435,484
5,205,487,112
5,640,023,616
5,044,167,286
756,731,802
17.6
-595,856,330
-10.6
Newburgh, NY--PA
382,276,236
152,834,872
148,873,899
153,254,084
-229,022,152
-59.9
4,380,185
2.9
Norfolk--Va. Beach--Newport News, VA--NC
677,160,364
807,674,367
1,005,516,040
1,256,850,424
579,690,060
85.6
251,334,384
25.0
Oakland, CA
4,181,477,503
5,113,244,018
6,372,462,719
7,309,195,498
3,127,717,995
74.8
936,732,779
14.7
Odessa--Midland, TX
50,028,313
68,283,389
118,157,184
92,079,910
42,051,597
84.1
-26,077,274
-22.1
Oklahoma City, OK
478,853,383
488,563,315
485,802,939
483,903,128
5,049,745
1.1
-1,899,811
-0.4
Omaha, NE-IA
299,777,818
393,250,149
425,917,469
608,290,193
308,512,375
102.9
182,372,724
42.8
Orange County, CA
5,653,367,750
6,715,981,650
8,041,081,422
8,309,267,047
2,655,899,297
47.0
268,185,625
3.3
Orlando, FL
930,363,743
848,511,709
968,815,689
1,218,957,095
288,593,352
31.0
250,141,406
25.8
Panama City, FL
90,907,807
121,158,683
216,486,434
174,787,075
83,879,268
92.3
-41,699,359
-19.3
Parkersburg-Marietta, WV--OH
298,770,507
313,640,061
186,564,081
211,945,118
-86,825,389
-29.1
25,381,037
13.6
Pensacola, FL
38,763,014
34,047,544
32,206,869
36,836,435
-1,926,579
-5.0
4,629,566
14.4
Philadelphia, PA--NJ
5,869,148,088
6,545,835,785
7,896,893,158
7,727,939,544
1,858,791,456
31.7
-168,953,614
-2.1
Phoenix--Mesa, AZ
4,498,943,416
5,561,093,693
6,780,426,107
7,912,059,679
3,413,116,263
75.9
1,131,633,572
16.7
Pine Bluff, AR
125,339,370
152,458,519
153,661,930
152,836,774
27,497,404
21.9
-825,156
-0.5
Pittsburgh, PA
2,989,745,222
3,150,609,651
3,982,169,190
3,933,686,687
943,941,465
31.6
-48,482,503
-1.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Pittsfield, MA
$77,167,991
$112,240,264
$151,883,168
$175,533,111
$98,365,120
127.5
$23,649,943
15.6
Portland--Vancouver, OR--WA
5,698,522,232
6,448,826,945
8,931,311,703
9,234,314,656
3,535,792,424
62.0
303,002,953
3.4
Portland, ME
355,190,640
319,515,535
373,121,011
339,151,601
-16,039,039
-4.5
-33,969,410
-9.1
Portsmouth--Rochester, NH--ME
464,982,176
470,164,517
553,568,018
574,770,128
109,787,952
23.6
21,202,110
3.8
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA
1,141,672,997
1,246,010,092
1,241,013,577
1,296,244,192
154,571,195
13.5
55,230,615
4.5
Provo-Orem, UT
170,392,982
200,188,228
201,586,009
301,871,095
131,478,113
77.2
100,285,086
49.7
Racine, WI
365,126,982
403,153,387
335,105,671
493,169,111
128,042,129
35.1
158,063,440
47.2
Raleigh--Durham-Chapel Hill, NC
1,620,883,787
1,758,672,814
2,093,206,440
2,609,827,686
988,943,899
61.0
516,621,246
24.7
Reading, PA
300,573,485
271,606,223
293,424,354
326,183,744
25,610,259
8.5
32,759,390
11.2
Redding, CA
32,253,405
28,625,590
40,979,118
53,002,385
20,748,980
64.3
12,023,267
29.3
Reno, NV
184,086,875
213,652,355
368,209,881
314,589,472
130,502,597
70.9
-53,620,409
-14.6
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA
220,336,299
271,566,682
146,593,593
228,095,357
7,759,058
3.5
81,501,764
55.6
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
4,012,150,525
5,260,571,495
5,389,333,310
5,609,351,827
1,597,201,302
39.8
220,018,517
4.1
Riverside--San Bernardino, CA
1,093,799,058
1,458,849,995
1,856,457,174
1,982,059,899
888,260,841
81.2
125,602,725
6.8
Roanoke, VA
164,041,683
195,937,140
231,349,346
238,327,106
74,285,423
45.3
6,977,760
3.0
Rochester, MN
53,026,135
72,680,026
93,938,469
92,865,882
39,839,747
75.1
-1,072,587
-1.1
Rochester, NY
3,091,528,731
3,143,661,788
3,860,521,321
4,307,693,737
1,216,165,006
39.3
447,172,416
11.6
Rockford, IL
521,617,189
616,148,483
641,362,969
721,885,172
200,267,983
38.4
80,522,203
12.6
Sacramento, CA
1,075,600,748
1,087,946,958
1,448,341,678
1,908,647,897
833,047,149
77.4
460,306,219
31.8
Saginaw--Bay City-Midland, MI
855,413,629
776,806,698
1,035,564,698
1,254,463,776
399,050,147
46.6
218,899,078
21.1
Salem, OR
66,294,376
72,944,150
111,955,642
123,012,597
56,718,221
85.6
11,056,955
9.9
Salinas, CA
294,511,763
321,950,186
359,860,179
337,623,362
43,111,599
14.6
-22,236,817
-6.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
25
26
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
Salt Lake City--Ogden, UT
$1,660,879,322
$1,808,673,252
$1,838,150,726
$2,111,534,068
$450,654,746
27.1
$273,383,342
14.9
San Antonio, TX
563,927,642
656,275,677
771,089,223
1,049,964,571
486,036,929
86.2
278,875,348
36.2
San Diego, CA
4,357,749,356
4,867,278,411
5,860,939,776
6,719,405,217
2,361,655,861
54.2
858,465,441
14.6
San Francisco, CA
9,264,898,879
9,303,816,205
8,133,685,302
8,560,406,805
-704,492,074
-7.6
426,721,503
5.2
San Jose, CA
16,171,568,261
19,942,678,387
26,822,811,883
29,331,297,057
13,159,728,796
81.4
2,508,485,174
9.4
Santa Barbara--Santa Maria--Lompoc, CA
424,028,623
420,154,380
565,199,094
647,994,553
223,965,930
52.8
82,795,459
14.6
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
664,331,713
857,420,329
1,408,245,395
1,943,146,539
1,278,814,826
192.5
534,901,144
38.0
Santa Rosa, CA
409,067,069
485,151,372
572,939,426
681,824,903
272,757,834
66.7
108,885,477
19.0
Sarasota--Bradenton, FL
186,880,624
187,363,643
182,764,975
180,242,798
-6,637,826
-3.6
-2,522,177
-1.4
Savannah, GA
442,485,257
423,262,228
567,520,855
459,391,636
16,906,379
3.8
-108,129,219
-19.1
Scranton-Wilkes-Bare-Hazleton, PA
266,618,289
328,151,069
431,874,490
391,991,357
125,373,068
47.0
-39,883,133
-9.2
Seattle--Bellovue--Everet WA
23,815,648,729
21,752,981,626
17,815,387,834
21,391,133,295
-2,424,515,434
-10.2
3,575,745,461
20.1
Sharon, PA
44,056,912
40,417,455
60,687,971
56,908,964
12,852,052
29.2
-3,779,007
-6.2
Sheboygan, WI
207,104,066
244,345,672
258,743,314
283,283,524
76,179,458
36.8
24,540,210
9.5
Sherman--Denison, TX
34,708,511
36,149,343
90,719,027
147,488,586
112,780,075
324.9
56,769,559
62.6
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA
108,426,809
134,649,484
169,129,758
172,614,442
64,187,633
59.2
3,484,684
2.1
South Bend, IN
179,719,461
160,344,125
389,474,396
494,799,575
315,080,114
175.3
105,325,179
27.0
Spokane, WA
254,379,191
269,397,539
310,892,214
347,879,499
93,500,308
36.8
36,987,285
11.9
Springfield, IL
23,906,115
29,803,555
35,098,601
35,549,360
11,643,245
48.7
450,759
1.3
Springfield, MA
389,756,278
434,774,121
512,080,162
530,285,756
140,529,478
36.1
18,205,594
3.6
Springfield, MO
81,120,882
103,823,081
120,177,601
120,348,771
39,227,889
48.4
171,170
0.1
St. Joseph, MO
36,880,396
39,198,221
49,580,703
94,412,765
57,532,369
156.0
44,832,062
90.4
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
St. Louis, MO-IL
$3,399,997,362
$3,673,337,340
$3,997,677,665
$4,497,447,213
$1,097,449,851
32.3
$499,769,548
12.5
Stamford--Norwalk, CT
3,366,568,677
3,452,702,492
4,937,570,553
4,424,293,400
1,057,724,723
31.4
-513,277,153
-10.4
Stockton--Lodi, CA
287,530,164
320,346,532
355,657,574
357,792,099
70,261,935
24.4
2,134,525
0.6
Syracuse, NY
1,374,086,912
1,600,939,522
1,894,294,791
1,665,451,869
291,364,957
21.2
-228,842,922
-12.1
Tacoma, WA
1,115,321,445
774,869,018
1,098,921,428
1,179,693,490
64,372,045
5.8
80,772,062
7.4
Tallahassee, FL
16,093,067
18,726,647
24,234,828
27,238,349
11,145,282
69.3
3,003,521
12.4
Tampa--St. Petersburg--Clearwater, FL
1,295,739,290
1,835,814,338
2,116,050,399
1,921,833,422
626,094,132
48.3
-194,216,977
-9.2
Terre Haute, IN
67,300,401
88,796,473
163,624,858
253,692,171
186,391,770
277.0
90,067,313
55.0
Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR
26,687,418
24,643,159
52,232,066
64,067,528
37,380,110
140.1
11,835,462
22.7
Toledo, OH
836,073,213
986,928,080
1,177,715,491
1,207,523,437
371,450,224
44.4
29,807,946
2.5
Topeka, KS
121,125,965
125,199,049
133,010,613
130,152,989
9,027,024
7.5
-2,857,624
-2.1
Trenton, NJ
223,768,152
237,501,682
392,472,201
267,846,893
44,078,741
19.7
-124,625,308
-31.8
Tucson, AZ
487,122,690
638,117,582
671,722,641
800,051,534
312,928,844
64.2
128,328,893
19.1
Tulsa, OK
1,273,003,720
1,240,953,373
1,485,149,429
1,549,607,614
276,603,894
21.7
64,458,185
4.3
Utica--Rome, NY
188,304,048
269,316,483
237,987,015
277,993,379
89,689,331
47.6
40,006,364
16.8
Vallejo--Fairfield--Napa, CA
171,714,634
263,959,185
238,117,982
277,981,454
106,266,820
61.9
39,863,472
16.7
Ventura, CA
640,298,267
698,677,973
953,380,827
967,262,858
326,964,591
51.1
13,882,031
1.5
Visalia-Tulare-Portervill CA
119,558,653
107,684,069
120,628,108
143,732,226
24,173,573
20.2
23,104,118
19.2
Washington, DC-MD--VA--WV
7,250,600,413
7,969,302,661
8,350,434,637
8,083,517,016
832,916,603
11.5
-266,917,621
-3.2
Waterbury, CT
187,546,346
179,607,116
207,604,200
221,590,398
34,044,052
18.2
13,986,198
6.7
Waterloo--Cedar Falls, IA
102,706,259
149,660,963
194,610,804
200,919,265
98,213,006
95.6
6,308,461
3.2
Wausau, WI
122,465,071
113,577,562
117,277,854
148,856,115
26,391,044
21.5
31,578,261
26.9
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
27
28
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
West Palm Beach--Boca Raton, FL
$764,832,660
$834,284,026
$897,955,077
$955,845,660
$191,013,000
25.0
$57,890,583
6.4
Wheeling, WV--OH
7,365,382
10,755,481
9,028,702
15,125,019
7,759,637
105.4
6,096,317
67.5
Wichita Falls, TX
49,571,138
65,093,442
80,715,177
77,030,476
27,459,338
55.4
-3,684,701
-4.6
Wichita, KS
1,443,978,238
1,540,557,637
1,727,720,231
1,916,811,573
472,833,335
32.7
189,091,342
10.9
Williamsport, PA
105,193,832
123,284,392
150,363,429
150,990,732
45,796,900
43.5
627,303
0.4
Wilmington-Newark, DE--MD
3,423,784,336
3,720,373,054
4,361,105,684
4,551,095,892
1,127,311,556
32.9
189,990,208
4.4
Wilmington, NC
147,065,129
180,669,050
211,669,917
301,741,446
154,676,317
105.2
90,071,529
42.6
Worcester, MA--CT
1,017,882,516
603,792,520
757,553,224
685,676,465
-332,206,051
-32.6
-71,876,759
-9.5
Yakima, WA
135,844,953
147,573,341
168,855,673
176,029,254
40,184,301
29.6
7,173,581
4.2
York, PA
751,821,132
952,004,973
973,936,039
945,100,111
193,278,979
25.7
-28,835,928
-3.0
Youngstown--Warren, OH
189,252,547
185,274,524
225,931,777
223,130,048
33,877,501
17.9
-2,801,729
-1.2
Yuba City, CA
62,846,552
61,460,656
70,525,176
73,968,565
11,122,013
17.7
3,443,389
4.9
Metro Sample Subtotal
$372,364,446,957
$415,158,980,050
$467,658,417,296
$494,486,601,470
$122,122,154,513
32.8
$26,828,184,174
5.7
Other Metropolitan Areas
$17,525,318,481
$21,238,229,007
$30,744,923,413
$30,793,258,279
$13,267,939,798
75.7
$48,334,866
0.2
Non-Metropolitan Areas
$25,932,850,636
$29,367,119,815
$34,188,840,211
$36,891,974,150
$10,959,123,514
42.3
$2,703,133,939
7.9
Crossovers
$10,146,130,349
$11,085,648,282
$13,376,085,543
$16,339,329,190
$6,193,198,841
61.0
$2,963,243,647
22.2
Unknown
$38,889,607,551
$35,565,632,057
$37,062,258,026
$44,315,899,860
$5,426,292,309
14.0
$7,253,641,834
19.6
Total U.S. Merchandise Exports
$464,858,353,974
$512,415,609,211
$583,030,524,489
$622,827,062,949
$157,968,708,975
34.0
$39,796,538,460
6.8
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Exporter Location Series
Prepared by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
I
San Jose, CA
$16,171,568,261
$19,942,678,387
$26,822,811,883
$29,331,297,057
$13,159,728,796
81.4
$2,508,485,174
9.4
2
New York, NY
28,192,821,918
23,543,749,240
27,131,083,725
27,970,506,919
-222,314,999
-0.8
839,423,194
3.1
3
Detroit, MI
16,780,888,732
27,469,655,137
27,314,657,428
27,531,231,354
10,750,342,622
64.1
216,573,926
0.8
4
Los Angeles--Long Beach, CA
20,013,560,462
22,224,814,589
24,730,951,600
24,437,944,781
4,424,384,319
22.1
-293,006,819
-1.2
5
Chicago, IL
14,446,576,063
17,333,603,392
21,083,418,213
22,030,068,072
7,583,492,009
52.5
946,649,859
4.5
6
Seattle--Bellevue--Everett, WA
23,815,648,729
21,752,981,626
17,815,387,834
21,391,133,295
-2,424,515,434
-10.2
3,575,745,461
20.1
7
Houston, TX
12,284,565,944
13,388,170,043
16,247,880,035
16,541,462,510
4,256,896,566
34.7
293,582,475
1.8
8
Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI
9,003,818,021
8,863,530,759
11,071,821,888
12,383,978,644
3,380,160,623
37.5
1,312,156,756
11.9
9
Miami, FL
8,264,303,946
9,266,745,514
10,200,814,784
10,681,235,944
2,416,931,998
29.2
480,421,160
4.7
10
Portland--Vancouver, OR--WA
5,698,522,232
6,448,826,945
8,931,311,703
9,234,314,656
3,535,792,424
62.0
303,002,953
3.4
11
Boston, MA--NH
6,472,471,061
7,095,349,390
7,902,660,426
8,715,803,698
2,243,332,637
34.7
813,143,272
10.3
12
San Francisco, CA
9,264,898,879
9,303,816,205
8,133,685,302
8,560,406,805
-704,492,074
-7.6
426,721,503
5.2
13
Orange County, CA
5,653,367,750
6,715,981,650
8,041,081,422
8,309,267,047
2,655,899,297
47.0
268,185,625
3.3
14
Washington, DC--MD--VA--WV
7,250,600,413
7,969,302,661
8,350,434,637
8,083,517,016
832,916,603
11.5
-266,917,621
-3.2
15
Phoenix--Mesa, AZ
4,498,943,416
5,561,093,693
6,780,426,107
7,912,059,679
3,413,116,263
75.9
1,131,633,572
16.7
16
Philadelphia, PA--NJ
5,869,148,088
6,545,835,785
7,896,893,158
7,727,939,544
1,858,791,456
31.7
-168,953,614
-2.1
17
Oakland, CA
4,181,477,503
5,113,244,018
6,372,462,719
7,309,195,498
3,127,717,995
74.8
936,732,779
14.7
18
Dallas, TX
4,817,639,383
5,679,710,931
6,870,413,661
7,096,879,121
2,279,239,738
47.3
226,465,460
3.3
19
San Diego, CA
4,357,749,356
4,867,278,411
5,860,939,776
6,719,405,217
2,361,655,861
54.2
858,465,441
14.6
20
Atlanta, GA
3,870,588,791
4,739,123,635
5,811,439,296
5,891,451,390
2,020,862,599
52.2
80,012,094
1.4
21
Richmond--Petersburg, VA
4,012,150,525
5,260,571,495
5,389,333,310
5,609,351,827
1,597,201,302
39.8
220,018,517
4.1
22
El Paso, TX
2,967,026,906
3,561,263,422
4,120,776,696
5,212,688,891
2,245,661,985
75.7
1,091,912,195
26.5
23
Cleveland--Lorain--Elyria OH
3,582,759,333
4,093,322,966
4,706,990,680
5,075,165,450
1,492,406,117
41.7
368,174,770
7.8
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
29
30
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
24
Newark, NJ
$4,287,435,484
$5,205,487,112
$5,640,023,616
$5,044,167,286
$756,731,802
17.6
-$595,856,330
-10.6
25
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN
3,898,151,122
4,056,505,886
4,256,652,673
4,784,139,630
885,988,508
22.7
527,486,957
12.4
26
Wilmington--Nowark, DE--MD
3,423,784,336
3,720,373,054
4,361,105,684
4,551,095,892
1,127,311,556
32.9
189,990,208
4.4
27
Bergen--Passaic, NJ
3,924,948,374
4,387,000,116
4,784,006,411
4,499,878,508
574,930,134
14.6
-284,127,903
-5.9
28
St. Louis, MO--IL
3,399,997,362
3,673,337,340
3,997,677,665
4,497,447,213
1,097,449,851
32.3
499,769,548
12.5
29
Stamford--Norwalk, CT
3,366,568,677
3,452,702,492
4,937,570,553
4,424,293,400
1,057,724,723
31.4
-513,277,153
-10.4
30
Rochester, NY
3,091,528,731
3,143,661,788
3,860,521,321
4,307,693,737
1,216,165,006
39.3
447,172,416
11.6
31
Indianapolis, IN
2,626,625,792
3,003,834,284
3,555,924,896
4,012,774,870
1,386,149,078
52.8
456,849,974
12.8
32
Kansas City, MO--KS
2,225,900,542
2,578,559,820
3,350,169,565
3,985,072,561
1,759,172,019
79.0
634,902,996
19.0
33
Pittsburgh, PA
2,989,745,222
3,150,609,651
3,982,169,190
3,933,686,687
943,941,465
31.6
-48,482,503
-1.2
34
Memphis, TN--AR--MS
2,055,082,048
2,729,489,435
4,163,837,508
3,786,079,518
1,730,997,470
84.2
-377,757,990
-9.1
35
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
2,337,304,875
2,913,544,707
3,506,904,100
3,717,211,269
1,379,906,394
59.0
210,307,169
6.0
36
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
2,803,215,823
2,866,271,135
3,558,627,404
3,680,169,225
876,953,402
31.3
121,541,821
3.4
37
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
2,840,560,943
3,035,890,854
3,448,093,348
3,628,085,216
787,524,273
27.7
179,991,868
5.2
38
Greensboro-Winston-Salem--High Point, NC
2,453,096,262
2,773,310,009
3,356,262,119
3,495,638,996
1,042,542,734
42.5
139,376,877
4.2
39
Laredo, TX
4,061,824,179
4,157,377,819
2,897,821,799
3,440,672,848
-621,151,331
-15.3
542,851,049
18.7
40
New Orleans, LA
2,034,209,302
2,326,231,047
3,037,819,182
3,316,761,379
1,282,552,077
63.0
278,942,197
9.2
41
Austin--San Marcos, TX
1,721,513,552
2,128,773,530
2,929,207,924
2,743,135,077
1,021,621,525
59.3
-186,072,847
-6.4
42
Greenville-Spartanburg--Anderson, SC
1,462,111,636
1,745,019,520
2,305,311,475
2,720,417,114
1,258,305,478
86.1
415,105,639
18.0
43
Grand Rapids--Muskegon-Holland, MI
1,704,959,504
1,993,494,017
2,304,077,070
2,656,497,290
951,537,786
55.8
352,420,220
15.3
44
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX
1,904,365,994
2,113,361,920
2,245,917,188
2,612,576,717
708,210,723
37.2
366,659,529
16.3
45
Raleigh--Durham--Chapel Hill, NC
1,620,883,787
1,758,672,814
2,093,206,440
2,609,827,686
988,943,899
61.0
516,621,246
24.7
46
Hartford, CT
1,926,096,785
1,967,053,061
2,167,602,843
2,415,985,216
489,888,431
25.4
248,382,373
11.5
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
47
Fort Worth--Arlington, TX
$1,600,206,447
$2,052,001,428
$1,915,014,056
$2,372,702,547
$772,496,100
48.3
$457,688,491
23.9
48
Louisville, KY-IN
1,673,848,467
1,798,846,995
2,199,762,270
2,327,058,039
653,209,572
39.0
127,295,769
5.8
49
Charlotte--Gastonia--Rock Hill, NC--SC
1,563,724,843
1,782,827,269
2,087,969,592
2,291,296,199
727,571,356
46.5
203,326,607
9.7
50
Buffalo--Niagara Falls, NY
1,135,152,775
1,569,651,215
2,295,800,493
2,262,227,981
1,127,075,206
99.3
-33,572,512
-1.5
51
Akron, OH
1,434,941,835
1,606,289,098
1,931,665,315
2,260,274,977
825,333,142
57.5
328,609,662
17.0
52
Dayton--Springfield, OH
2,479,866,622
2,671,308,908
2,404,843,615
2,201,505,400
-278,361,222
-11.2
-203,338,215
-8.5
53
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT
1,660,879,322
1,808,673,252
1,838,150,726
2,111,534,068
450,654,746
27.1
273,383,342
14.9
54
Baltimore, MD
1,783,406,722
1,868,967,765
2,209,167,884
2,110,417,170
327,010,448
18.3
-98,750,714
-4.5
55
Kokomo, IN
1,727,479,804
1,858,412,518
1,648,872,292
2,056,420,227
328,940,423
19.0
407,547,935
24.7
56
Riverside--San Bernardino, CA
1,093,799,058
1,458,849,995
1,856,457,174
1,982,059,899
888,260,841
81.2
125,602,725
6.8
57
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
664,331,713
857,420,329
1,408,245,395
1,943,146,539
1,278,814,826
192.5
534,901,144
38.0
58
Tampa--St. Petersburg--Clearwater, FL
1,295,739,290
1,835,814,338
2,116,050,399
1,921,833,422
626,094,132
48.3
-194,216,977
-9.2
59
Wichita, KS
1,443,978,238
1,540,557,637
1,727,720,231
1,916,811,573
472,833,335
32.7
189,091,342
10.9
60
Sacramento, CA
1,075,600,748
1,087,946,958
1,448,341,678
1,908,647,897
833,047,149
77.4
460,306,219
31.8
61
Fort Lauderdale, FL
1,321,447,890
1,506,662,094
1,774,654,135
1,864,517,768
543,069,878
41.1
89,863,633
5.1
62
Syracuse, NY
1,374,086,912
1,600,939,522
1,894,294,791
1,665,451,869
291,364,957
21.2
-228,842,922
-12.1
63
MoAllen--Edinburg-Mission, TX
1,510,194,856
1,826,431,295
1,617,130,723
1,579,743,309
69,548,453
4.6
-37,387,414
-2.3
64
Davenport--Moline--Rock Island, IA--IL
1,102,557,510
1,098,869,468
1,291,031,098
1,576,122,832
473,565,322
43.0
285,091,734
22.1
65
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN--VA
1,356,660,383
1,580,777,613
1,677,496,932
1,566,531,562
209,871,179
15.5
-110,965,370
-6.6
66
Tulsa, OK
1,273,003,720
1,240,953,373
1,485,149,429
1,549,607,614
276,603,894
21.7
64,458,185
4.3
67
Denver, CO
930,959,714
1,089,812,265
1,385,281,758
1,502,864,847
571,905,133
61.4
117,583,089
8.5
68
Lexington, KY
624,190,496
1,078,565,940
1,235,008,709
1,499,918,569
875,728,073
140.3
264,909,860
21.5
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
31
32
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
69
Columbus, OH
$1,167,012,557
$1,295,467,590
$1,358,161,052
$1,497,159,962
$330,147,405
28.3
$138,998,910
10.2
70
Allentown-Bethlehem--Easton, PA
1,273,864,662
1,371,116,128
1,492,805,120
1,477,242,953
203,378,291
16.0
-15,562,167
-1.0
71
Nashville, TN
1,104,100,985
1,310,492,235
1,412,347,520
1,445,492,486
341,391,501
30.9
33,144,966
2.3
72
Boise City, ID
1,022,745,418
1,289,820,030
1,634,971,533
1,338,529,303
315,783,885
30.9
-296,442,230
-18.1
73
Flint, MI
958,923,618
1,032,050,028
1,451,712,126
1,318,808,559
359,884,941
37.5
-132,903,567
-9.2
74
Ann Arbor, MI
2,218,082,828
2,075,768,978
1,157,910,245
1,311,133,806
-906,949,022
-40.9
153,223,561
13.2
75
Providence--Fall River--Warwick, RI--MA
1,141,672,997
1,246,010,092
1,241,013,577
1,296,244,192
154,571,195
13.5
55,230,615
4.5
76
Norfolk-Va. Beach--New. News, VA-NC
677,160,364
807,674,367
1,005,516,040
1,256,850,424
579,690,060
85.6
251,334,384
25.0
77
Saginaw--Bay City--Midland, MI
855,413,629
776,806,698
1,035,564,698
1,254,463,776
399,050,147
46.6
218,899,078
21.1
78
Orlando, FL
930,363,743
848,511,709
968,815,689
1,218,957,095
288,593,352
31.0
250,141,406
25.8
79
Toledo, OH
836,073,213
986,928,080
1,177,715,491
1,207,523,437
371,450,224
44.4
29,807,946
2.5
80
Tacoma, WA
1,115,321,445
774,869,018
1,098,921,428
1,179,693,490
64,372,045
5.8
80,772,062
7.4
81
Jersey City, NJ
986,218,379
1,351,240,038
1,159,861,493
1,140,757,309
154,538,930
15.7
-19,104,184
-1.6
82
Lowell, MA--NH
867,466,548
890,090,652
1,079,890,413
1,119,944,606
252,478,058
29.1
40,054,193
3.7
83
Albany--Schenectady--Troy, NY
676,205,811
831,365,928
1,061,193,724
1,101,028,734
424,822,923
62.8
39,835,010
3.8
84
San Antonio, TX
563,927,642
656,275,677
771,089,223
1,049,964,571
486,036,929
86.2
278,875,348
36.2
85
Lawrence, MA--NH
822,630,081
806,416,721
841,677,880
1,033,637,404
211,007,323
25.7
191,959,524
22.8
86
New Haven--Meriden, CT
1,035,550,576
1,075,478,242
1,106,348,547
1,012,436,505
-23,114,071
-2.2
-93,912,042
-8.5
87
Fort Wayne, IN
640,583,777
770,882,450
1,029,423,033
991,375,086
350,791,309
54.8
-38,047,947
-3.7
88
Ventura, CA
640,298,267
698,677,973
953,380,827
967,262,858
326,964,591
51.1
13,882,031
1.5
89
West Palm Beach--Boca Raton, FL
764,832,660
834,284,026
897,955,077
955,845,660
191,013,000
25.0
57,890,583
6.4
90
York, PA
751,821,132
952,004,973
973,936,039
945,100,111
193,278,979
25.7
-28,835,928
-3.0
*
NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
91
Huntsville, AL
$573,554,075
$672,092,188
$828,966,491
$899,067,821
$325,513,746
56.8
$70,101,330
8.5
92
Colorado Springs, CO
664,289,154
900,712,044
954,691,572
856,993,710
192,704,556
29.0
-97,697,862
-10.2
93
Kalamazoo--Battle Creek, MI
650,330,732
868,950,604
897,345,300
836,062,385
185,731,653
28.6
-61,282,915
-6.8
94
Fayetteville--Springdale--Rogers, AR
250,351,519
433,823,178
669,265,366
801,202,632
550,851,113
220.0
131,937,266
19.7
95
Tucson, AZ
487,122,690
638,117,582
671,722,641
800,051,534
312,928,844
64.2
128,328,893
19.1
96
Bridgeport, CT
1,125,870,184
918,846,699
952,929,366
788,587,160
-337,283,024
-30.0
-164,342,206
-17.2
97
Harrisburg-Lebanon--Carlisle, PA
339,161,096
535,012,238
600,972,744
775,520,056
436,358,960
128.7
174,547,312
29.0
98
Knoxville, TN
580,408,061
689,179,313
633,188,407
764,136,758
183,728,697
31.7
130,948,351
20.7
99
Albuquerque, NM
256,688,708
335,480,983
270,083,340
740,349,310
483,660,602
188.4
470,265,970
174.1
100
Rockford, IL
521,617,189
616,148,483
641,362,969
721,885,172
200,267,983
38.4
80,522,203
12.6
101
Bakersfield, CA
480,657,214
780,376,616
730,542,493
721,272,772
240,615,558
50.1
-9,269,721
-1.3
102
Fresno, CA
673,105,211
763,407,316
714,388,494
691,807,510
18,702,299
2.8
-22,580,984
-3.2
103
Worcester, MA--CT
1,017,882,516
603,792,520
757,553,224
685,676,465
-332,206,051
-32.6
-71,876,759
-9.5
104
Santa Rosa, CA
409,067,069
485,151,372
572,939,426
681,824,903
272,757,834
66.7
108,885,477
19.0
105
Jacksonville, FL
404,853,481
500,395,802
604,065,516
676,984,833
272,131,352
67.2
72,919,317
12.1
106
Santa Barbara--Santa Maria--Lompoc, CA
424,028,623
420,154,380
565,199,094
647,994,553
223,965,930
52.8
82,795,459
14.6
107
Melbourne--Titusville--Palm Bay, FL
315,249,458
315,942,399
310,089,285
634,964,140
319,714,682
101.4
324,874,855
104.8
108
Lancaster, PA
406,093,457
469,339,181
581,528,332
626,224,665
220,131,208
54.2
44,696,333
7.7
109
Birmingham, AL
533,867,447
453,848,201
550,542,807
625,776,105
91,908,658
17.2
75,233,298
13.7
110
Appleton--Oshkosh--Neenah, WI
529,528,092
507,733,459
593,726,456
608,520,939
78,992,847
14.9
14,794,483
2.5
111
Omaha, NE--IA
299,777,818
393,250,149
425,917,469
608,290,193
308,512,375
102.9
182,372,724
42.8
112
Charleston--North Charleston, SC
597,253,189
388,467,350
501,582,266
595,060,549
-2,192,640
-0.4
93,478,283
18.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
33
34
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
113
Portsmouth--Rochester, NH--ME
$464,982,176
$470,164,517
$553,568,018
$574,770,128
$109,787,952
23.6
$21,202,110
3.8
114
Greeley, CO
276,023,363
501,822,972
582,938,322
558,789,549
282,766,186
102.4
-24,148,773
-4.1
115
Baton Rouge, LA
564,618,024
457,982,011
569,620,124
552,851,725
-11,766,299
-2.1
-16,768,399
-2.9
116
Evansville--Henderson, IN--KY
448,533,992
487,403,232
525,072,223
545,087,640
96,553,648
21.5
20,015,417
3.8
117
Danbury, CT
316,699,123
392,955,842
421,570,014
531,919,512
215,220,389
68.0
110,349,498
26.2
118
Springfield, MA
389,756,278
434,774,121
512,080,162
530,285,756
140,529,478
36.1
18,205,594
3.6
119
Madison, WI
357,688,184
417,083,076
497,461,686
522,408,188
164,720,004
46.1
24,946,502
5.0
120
South Bend, IN
179,719,461
160,344,125
389,474,396
494,799,575
315,080,114
175.3
105,325,179
27.0
121
Racine, WI
365,126,982
403,153,387
335,105,671
493,169,111
128,042,129
35.1
158,063,440
47.2
122
Oklahoma City, OK
478,853,383
488,563,315
485,802,939
483,903,128
5,049,745
1.1
-1,899,811
-0.4
123
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ
373,365,625
410,212,800
471,772,839
478,195,651
104,830,026
28.1
6,422,812
1.4
124
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO
284,313,777
354,461,962
373,863,044
468,123,621
183,809,844
64.7
94,260,577
25.2
125
Hickory--Morganton, NC
335,244,333
397,915,417
476,068,830
464,328,927
129,084,594
38.5
-11,739,903
-2.5
126
Mobile, AL
356,694,800
395,275,506
415,827,287
459,850,316
103,155,516
28.9
44,023,029
10.6
127
Savannah, GA
442,485,257
423,262,228
567,520,855
459,391,636
16,906,379
3.8
-108,129,219
-19.1
128
Augusta--Aiken, GA--SC
227,431,785
326,301,958
405,182,720
443,887,586
216,455,801
95.2
38,704,866
9.6
129
Binghamton, NY
316,229,309
474,877,881
558,094,464
443,250,094
127,020,785
40.2
-114,844,370
-20.6
130
Des Moines, IA
337,182,965
348,931,102
378,548,963
426,016,806
88,833,841
26.3
47,467,843
12.5
131
Mansfield, OH
367,635,806
349,887,597
394,923,680
412,977,971
45,342,165
12.3
18,054,291
4.6
132
Charleston, WV
178,938,582
277,595,846
394,361,940
412,150,338
233,211,756
130.3
17,788,398
4.5
133
Canton--Massillon, OH
250,176,671
315,936,317
377,170,351
405,984,758
155,808,087
62.3
28,814,407
7.6
134
Scranton--Wilkes-Bare-Hazleton, PA
266,618,289
328,151,069
431,874,490
391,991,357
125,373,068
47.0
-39,883,133
-9.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
135
Cedar Rapids, IA
$342,381,810
$363,795,140
$402,216,473
$391,100,051
$48,718,241
14.2
-$11,116,422
-2.8
136
Elkhart--Goshen, IN
419,879,457
460,350,316
501,534,285
367,464,878
-52,414,579
-12.5
-134,069,407
-26.7
137
Modesto, CA
201,050,014
236,677,694
279,172,075
359,600,993
158,550,979
78.9
80,428,918
28.8
138
Stockton--Lodi, CA
287,530,164
320,346,532
355,657,574
357,792,099
70,261,935
24.4
2,134,525
0.6
139
Spokane, WA
254,379,191
269,397,539
310,892,214
347,879,499
93,500,308
36.8
36,987,285
11.9
140
Portland, ME
355,190,640
319,515,535
373,121,011
339,151,601
-16,039,039
-4.5
-33,969,410
-9.1
141
Salinas, CA
294,511,763
321,950,186
359,860,179
337,623,362
43,111,599
14.6
-22,236,817
-6.2
142
Reading, PA
300,573,485
271,606,223
293,424,354
326,183,744
25,610,259
8.5
32,759,390
11.2
143
Erie, PA
311,583,551
285,447,671
490,769,564
321,857,103
10,273,552
3.3
-168,912,461
-34.4
144
Eau Claire, WI
289,715,835
465,707,890
399,923,268
320,595,844
30,880,009
10.7
-79,327,424
-19.8
145
Benton Harbor, MI
338,674,082
368,813,560
369,319,450
317,239,307
-21,434,775
-6.3
-52,080,143
-14.1
146
Reno, NV
184,086,875
213,652,355
368,209,881
314,589,472
130,502,597
70.9
-53,620,409
-14.6
147
Columbia, SC
212,915,343
300,390,174
343,310,841
310,848,312
97,932,969
46.0
-32,462,529
-9.5
148
Gary, IN
225,347,242
267,480,658
310,598,859
303,193,457
77,846,215
34.5
-7,405,402
-2.4
149
Provo--Orem, UT
170,392,982
200,188,228
201,586,009
301,871,095
131,478,113
77.2
100,285,086
49.7
150
Wilmington, NC
147,065,129
180,669,050
211,669,917
301,741,446
154,676,317
105.2
90,071,529
42.6
151
Nashua, NH
290,190,543
235,398,399
282,231,639
291,331,113
1,140,570
0.4
9,099,474
3.2
152
Sheboygan, WI
207,104,066
244,345,672
258,743,314
283,283,524
76,179,458
36.8
24,540,210
9.5
153
Utica-Rome, NY
188,304,048
269,316,483
237,987,015
277,993,379
89,689,331
47.6
40,006,364
16.8
154
Vallejo-Fairfield--Napa, CA
171,714,634
263,959,185
238,117,982
277,981,454
106,266,820
61.9
39,863,472
16.7
155
Bellingham, WA
206,776,814
210,652,470
253,540,383
275,373,942
68,597,128
33.2
21,833,559
8.6
156
Chattanooga, TN--GA
218,309,555
237,266,538
301,011,927
273,466,145
55,156,590
25.3
-27,545,782
-9.2
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
35
36
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
157
La Crosse, WI--MN
$90,557,886
$93,073,270
$276,216,972
$273,185,399
$182,627,513
201.7
-$3,031,573
-1.1
158
Trenton, NJ
223,768,152
237,501,682
392,472,201
267,846,893
44,078,741
19.7
-124,625,308
-31.8
159
Honolulu, HI
187,787,670
215,515,649
228,238,973
265,744,355
77,956,685
41.5
37,505,382
16.4
160
Lynchburg, VA
143,245,862
152,545,285
192,136,774
258,838,467
115,592,605
80.7
66,701,693
34.7
161
Terre Haute, IN
67,300,401
88,796,473
163,624,858
253,692,171
186,391,770
277.0
90,067,313
55.0
162
Columbus, GA--AL
183,841,381
172,771,815
245,349,953
253,155,187
69,313,806
37.7
7,805,234
3.2
163
Corpus Christi, TX
186,763,368
153,571,047
162,390,036
241,770,221
55,006,853
29.5
79,380,185
48.9
164
Lakeland--Winter Haven, FL
187,019,764
199,172,933
237,674,306
241,524,956
54,505,192
29.1
3,850,650
1.6
165
Jamestown, NY
156,924,124
209,363,848
256,550,359
241,230,928
84,306,804
53.7
-15,319,431
-6.0
166
Roanoke, VA
164,041,683
195,937,140
231,349,346
238,327,106
74,285,423
45.3
6,977,760
3.0
167
Asheville, NC
232,281,062
228,597,097
185,185,417
236,684,245
4,403,183
1.9
51,498,828
27.8
168
Jackson, MS
141,225,513
154,261,115
203,013,240
231,400,561
90,175,048
63.9
28,387,321
14.0
169
Richland--Kennewick--Pasco, WA
220,336,299
271,566,682
146,593,593
228,095,357
7,759,058
3.5
81,501,764
55.6
170
Lincoln, NE
188,537,132
207,173,028
208,814,167
225,253,497
36,716,365
19.5
16,439,330
7.9
171
Youngstown-Warren, OH
189,252,547
185,274,524
225,931,777
223,130,048
33,877,501
17.9
-2,801,729
-1.2
172
Waterbury, CT
187,546,346
179,607,116
207,604,200
221,590,398
34,044,052
18.2
13,986,198
6.7
173
Macon, GA
160,523,442
173,275,765
197,552,052
220,086,420
59,562,978
37.1
22,534,368
11.4
174
Champaign--Urbana, IL
87,761,650
89,340,648
103,420,926
214,408,931
126,647,281
144.3
110,988,005
107.3
175
Parkersburg--Marietta, WV-OH
298,770,507
313,640,061
186,564,081
211,945,118
-86,825,389
-29.1
25,381,037
13.6
176
Little Rock--North Little Rock, AR
200,140,443
218,993,515
193,608,620
210,392,349
10,251,906
5.1
16,783,729
8.7
177
Lima, OH
294,120,243
166,192,408
225,999,625
207,329,529
-86,790,714
-29.5
-18,670,096
-8.3
178
Lansing--East Lansing, MI
185,665,447
208,627,069
224,039,124
202,208,820
16,543,373
8.9
-21,830,304
-9.7
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
179
Waterloo--Cedar Falls, IA
$102,706,259
$149,660,963
$194,610,804
$200,919,265
$98,213,006
95.6
$6,308,461
3.2
180
Bloomington, IN
113,645,558
115,744,973
127,555,248
198,831,576
85,186,018
75.0
71,276,328
55.9
181
Manchester, NH
107,047,205
115,302,567
146,299,420
198,253,604
91,206,399
85.2
51,954,184
35.5
182
Elmira, NY
70,198,940
116,821,840
139,477,729
196,874,347
126,675,407
180.5
57,396,618
41.2
183
Huntington--Ashland, WV--KY--OH
136,550,041
162,404,065
237,186,454
193,938,404
57,388,363
42.0
-43,248,050
-18.2
184
Montgomery, AL
157,828,546
231,008,786
244,100,977
192,869,812
35,041,266
22.2
-51,231,165
-21.0
185
Lubbock, TX
98,634,148
165,123,367
258,746,975
189,012,353
90,378,205
91.6
-69,734,622
-27.0
186
Green Bay, WI
134,096,711
187,289,675
212,672,332
188,949,597
54,852,886
40.9
-23,722,735
-11.2
187
Dubuque, IA
93,056,279
177,562,181
180,739,813
183,518,483
90,462,204
97.2
2,778,670
1.5
188
Fargo--Moorhead, ND--MN
111,847,927
137,258,753
155,009,615
181,892,036
70,044,109
62.6
26,882,421
17.3
189
Sarasota--Bradenton, FL
186,880,624
187,363,643
182,764,975
180,242,798
-6,637,826
-3.6
-2,522,177
-1.4
190
Yakima, WA
135,844,953
147,573,341
168,855,673
176,029,254
40,184,301
29.6
7,173,581
4.2
191
Pittsfield, MA
77,167,991
112,240,264
151,883,168
175,533,111
98,365,120
127.5
23,649,943
15.6
192
Panama City, FL
90,907,807
121,158,683
216,486,434
174,787,075
83,879,268
92.3
-41,699,359
-19.3
193
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA
108,426,809
134,649,484
169,129,758
172,614,442
64,187,633
59.2
3,484,684
2.1
194
Eugene--Springfleld, OR
157,945,724
173,094,239
190,327,845
168,901,955
10,956,231
6.9
-21,425,890
-11.3
195
New Bedford, MA
141,561,056
154,502,826
186,769,682
165,766,797
24,205,741
17.1
-21,002,885
-11.2
196
Lafayette, LA
93,648,966
148,703,593
192,720,480
164,842,615
71,193,649
76.0
-27,877,865
-14.5
197
Brockton, MA
106,999,711
113,104,954
143,965,005
159,706,529
52,706,818
49.3
15,741,524
10.9
198
New London--Norwich, CT--RI
136,538,289
141,454,049
178,198,469
157,456,952
20,918,663
15.3
-20,741,517
-11.6
199
Jackson, TN
108,016,037
132,547,246
175,311,228
155,209,557
47,193,520
43,7
-20,101,671
-11.5
200
Kenosha, WI
126,851,361
117,674,203
133,917,838
154,262,351
27,410,990
21.6
20,344,513
15.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
37
38
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
201
Newburgh, NY--PA
$382,276,236
$152,834,872
$148,873,899
$153,254,084
-$229,022,152
-59.9
$4,380,185
2.9
202
Pine Bluff, AR
125,339,370
152,458,519
153,661,930
152,836,774
27,497,404
21.9
-825,156
-0.5
203
Williamsport, PA
105,193,832
123,284,392
150,363,429
150,990,732
45,796,900
43.5
627,303
0.4
204
Wausau, WI
122,465,071
113,577,562
117,277,854
148,856,115
26,391,044
21.5
31,578,261
26.9
205
Sherman--Denison, TX
34,708,511
36,149,343
90,719,027
147,488,586
112,780,075
324.9
56,769,559
62.6
206
Longview--Marshall, TX
84,953,839
97,254,225
121,156,896
144,152,404
59,198,565
69.7
22,995,508
19.0
207
Visalia--Tulare--Portervill, CA
119,558,653
107,684,069
120,628,108
143,732,226
24,173,573
20.2
23,104,118
19.2
208
Charlottesville, VA
113,835,932
123,035,393
157,362,242
140,238,461
26,402,529
23.2
-17,123,781
-10.9
209
Muncie, IN
64,329,690
107,404,131
158,266,189
137,554,385
73,224,695
113.8
-20,711,804
-13.1
210
Monroe, LA
77,148,746
107,119,178
167,800,817
133,964,208
56,815,462
73.6
-33,836,609
-20.2
211
Lafayette, IN
75,176,012
74,907,687
116,206,271
133,217,699
58,041,687
77.2
17,011,428
14.6
212
Topeka, KS
121,125,965
125,199,049
133,010,613
130,152,989
9,027,024
7.5
-2,857,624
-2.1
213
Jackson, MI
95,465,271
96,270,060
98,478,171
128,123,008
32,657,737
34.2
29,644,837
30.1
214
Salem, OR
66,294,376
72,944,150
111,955,642
123,012,597
56,718,221
85.6
11,056,955
9.9
215
Florence, SC
66,283,137
117,219,848
249,016,278
121,575,880
55,292,743
83.4
-127,440,398
-51.2
216
Springfield, MO
81,120,882
103,823,081
120,177,601
120,348,771
39,227,889
48.4
171,170
0.1
217
Biloxi--Gulfport--Pascagoula, MS
108,136,162
281,603,418
281,039,517
119,916,297
11,780,135
10.9
-161,123,220
-57.3
218
Beaumont--Port Arthur, TX
87,690,448
97,015,393
118,907,224
115,377,673
27,687,225
31.6
-3,529,551
-3.0
219
Kankakee, IL
79,077,304
85,978,927
137,807,663
113,716,644
34,639,340
43.8
-24,091,019
-17.5
220
Daytona Beach, FL
140,472,143
110,299,169
85,854,725
111,657,267
-28,814,876
-20.5
25,802,542
30.1
221
Anchorage, AK
128,778,773
198,191,709
150,417,105
108,977,114
-19,801,659
-15.4
-41,439,991
-27.6
222
Fort Pierce--Port St. Lucie, FL
73,493,929
92,293,244
114,172,040
107,600,648
34,106,719
46.4
-6,571,392
-5.8
*
NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
223
Janesville--Beloit, WI
$76,566,963
$76,345,916
$80,211,725
$107,079,063
$30,512,100
39.9
$26,867,338
33.5
224
St. Joseph, MO
36,880,396
39,198,221
49,580,703
94,412,765
57,532,369
156.0
44,832,062
90.4
225
Rochester, MN
53,026,135
72,680,026
93,938,469
92,865,882
39,839,747
75.1
-1,072,587
-1.1
226
Odessa--Midland, TX
50,028,313
68,283,389
118,157,184
92,079,910
42,051,597
84.1
-26,077,274
-22.1
227
Decatur, AL
42,334,717
54,467,829
65,584,180
91,562,675
49,227,958
116.3
25,978,495
39.6
228
Hamilton--Middletown, OH
49,285,459
66,255,465
78,347,581
90,124,695
40,839,236
82.9
11,777,114
15.0
229
Danville, VA
172,993,844
202,726,598
155,744,244
89,126,788
-83,867,056
-48.5
-66,617,456
-42.8
230
Gainesville, FL
62,603,224
65,747,174
91,619,239
88,265,083
25,661,859
41.0
-3,354,156
-3.7
231
Altoona, PA
42,603,769
46,387,634
74,185,381
80,174,812
37,571,043
88.2
5,989,431
8.1
232
Bremerton, WA
45,021,656
54,582,146
109,800,268
79,868,261
34,846,605
77.4
-29,932,007
-27.3
233
Chico--Paradise, CA
71,040,934
77,167,326
70,136,604
78,132,866
7,091,932
10.0
7,996,262
11.4
234
Wichita Falls, TX
49,571,138
65,093,442
80,715,177
77,030,476
27,459,338
55.4
-3,684,701
-4.6
235
Naples, FL
55,573,932
55,984,555
75,004,316
75,953,612
20,379,680
36.7
949,296
1.3
236
Yuba City, CA
62,846,552
61,460,656
70,525,176
73,968,565
11,122,013
17.7
3,443,389
4.9
237
Joplin, MO
52,132,423
44,601,213
50,323,854
71,444,652
19,312,229
37.0
21,120,798
42.0
238
Fayetteville, NC
54,326,862
57,909,024
66,594,236
65,411,163
11,084,301
20.4
-1,183,073
-1.8
239
Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR
26,687,418
24,643,159
52,232,066
64,067,528
37,380,110
140.1
11,835,462
22.7
240
Houma, LA
58,293,859
53,768,325
60,043,046
57,997,801
-296,058
-0.5
-2,045,245
-3.4
241
Columbia, MO
42,934,889
50,173,690
51,134,313
57,875,367
14,940,478
34.8
6,741,054
13.2
242
Sharon, PA
44,056,912
40,417,455
60,687,971
56,908,964
12,852,052
29.2
-3,779,007
-6.2
243
Redding, CA
32,253,405
28,625,590
40,979,118
53,002,385
20,748,980
64.3
12,023,267
29.3
244
Albany, GA
26,396,462
31,809,840
31,496,956
52,462,198
26,065,736
98.7
20,965,242
66.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
39
40
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1996 Dollar Values
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
245
Lake Charles, LA
$56,088,346
$55,910,699
$64,559,699
$48,199,497
-$7,888,849
-14.1
-$16,360,202
-25.3
246
Cumberland, MD--WV
54,899,071
64,260,954
53,813,253
45,917,310
-8,981,761
-16.4
-7,895,943
-14.7
247
Pensacola, FL
38,763,014
34,047,544
32,206,869
36,836,435
-1,926,579
-5.0
4,629,566
14.4
248
Springfield, IL
23,906,115
29,803,555
35,098,601
35,549,360
11,643,245
48.7
450,759
1.3
249
Tallahassee, FL
16,093,067
18,726,647
24,234,828
27,238,349
11,145,282
69.3
3,003,521
12.4
250
Florence, AL
29,805,559
25,747,647
29,536,657
25,245,146
-4,560,413
-15.3
-4,291,511
-14.5
251
Alexandria, LA
15,789,189
16,932,546
18,691,822
21,630,915
5,841,726
37.0
2,939,093
15.7
252
Wheeling, WV--OH
7,365,382
10,755,481
9,028,702
15,125,019
7,759,637
105.4
6,096,317
67.5
253
Lawrence, KS
5,238,501
6,243,631
4,081,278
5,737,754
499,253
9.5
1,656,476
40.6
--
Las Vegas, NV--AZ
166,604,475
144,836,836
NA*
NA*
--
I
-
--
--
Dutchess County, NY
796,549,566
980,569,435
NA*
NA
:
--
-
--
--
Brazoria, TX
1,475,063,152
1,760,999,069
NA*
NA
:
-
-
-
Metro Sample Subtotal
$372,364,446,957
$415,158,980,050
$467,658,417,296
$494,486,601,470
$122,122,154,513
32.8
$26,828,184,174
5.7
Other Metropolitan Areas
$17,525,318,481
$21,238,229,007
$30,744,923,413
$30,793,258,279
$13,267,939,798
75.7
$48,334,866
0.2
Non-Metropolitan Areas
$25,932,850,636
$29,367,119,815
$34,188,840,211
$36,891,974,150
$10,959,123,514
42.3
$2,703,133,939
7.9
Crossovers
$10,146,130,349
$11,085,648,282
$13,376,085,543
$16,339,329,190
$6,193,198,841
61.0
$2,963,243,647
22.2
Unknown
$38,889,607,551
$35,565,632,057
$37,062,258,026
$44,315,899,860
$5,426,292,309
14.0
$7,253,641,834
19.6
Total U.S. Merchandise Exports
$464,858,353,974
$512,415,609,211
$583,030,524,489
$622,827,062,949
$157,968,708,975
34.0
$39,796,538,460
6.8
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Exporter Location Series
Prepared by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
1
Seattle--Bellevue-Everet, WA
$23,815,648,729
$21,752,981,626
$17,815,387,834
$21,391,133,295
-$2,424,515,434
-10.2
$3,575,745,461
20.1
2
San Jose, CA
16,171,568,261
19,942,678,387
26,822,811,883
29,331,297,057
13,159,728,796
81.4
2,508,485,174
9.4
3
Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI
9,003,818,021
8,863,530,759
11,071,821,888
12,383,978,644
3,380,160,623
37.5
1,312,156,756
11.9
4
Phoenix--Mesa, AZ
4,498,943,416
5,561,093,693
6,780,426,107
7,912,059,679
3,413,116,263
75.9
1,131,633,572
16.7
5
El Paso, TX
2,967,026,906
3,561,263,422
4,120,776,696
5,212,688,891
2,245,661,985
75.7
1,091,912,195
26.5
6
Chicago, IL
14,446,576,063
17,333,603,392
21,083,418,213
22,030,068,072
7,583,492,009
52.5
946,649,859
4.5
7
Oakland, CA
4,181,477,503
5,113,244,018
6,372,462,719
7,309,195,498
3,127,717,995
74.8
936,732,779
14.7
8
San Diego, CA
4,357,749,356
4,867,278,411
5,860,939,776
6,719,405,217
2,361,655,861
54.2
858,465,441
14.6
9
New York, NY
28,192,821,918
23,543,749,240
27,131,083,725
27,970,506,919
-222,314,999
-0.8
839,423,194
3.1
10
Boston, MA--NH
6,472,471,061
7,095,349,390
7,902,660,426
8,715,803,698
2,243,332,637
34.7
813,143,272
10.3
11
Kansas City, MO--KS
2,225,900,542
2,578,559,820
3,350,169,565
3,985,072,561
1,759,172,019
79.0
634,902,996
19.0
12
Laredo, TX
4,061,824,179
4,157,377,819
2,897,821,799
3,440,672,848
-621,151,331
-15.3
542,851,049
18.7
13
Santa Cruz--Watsonville, CA
664,331,713
857,420,329
1,408,245,395
1,943,146,539
1,278,814,826
192.5
534,901,144
38.0
14
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN
3,898,151,122
4,056,505,886
4,256,652,673
4,784,139,630
885,988,508
22.7
527,486,957
12.4
15
Raleigh--Durham--Chapel Hill, NC
1,620,883,787
1,758,672,814
2,093,206,440
2,609,827,686
988,943,899
61.0
516,621,246
24.7
16
St. Louis, MO--IL
3,399,997,362
3,673,337,340
3,997,677,665
4,497,447,213
1,097,449,851
32.3
499,769,548
12.5
17
Miami, FL
8,264,303,946
9,266,745,514
10,200,814,784
10,681,235,944
2,416,931,998
29.2
480,421,160
4.7
18
Albuquerque, NM
256,688,708
335,480,983
270,083,340
740,349,310
483,660,602
188.4
470,265,970
174.1
19
Sacramento, CA
1,075,600,748
1,087,946,958
1,448,341,678
1,908,647,897
833,047,149
77.4
460,306,219
31.8
20
Fort Worth--Arlington, TX
1,600,206,447
2,052,001,428
1,915,014,056
2,372,702,547
772,496,100
48.3
457,688,491
23.9
21
Indianapolis, IN
2,626,625,792
3,003,834,284
3,555,924,896
4,012,774,870
1,386,149,078
52.8
456,849,974
12.8
22
Rochester, NY
3,091,528,731
3,143,661,788
3,860,521,321
4,307,693,737
1,216,165,006
39.3
447,172,416
11.6
23
San Francisco, CA
9,264,898,879
9,303,816,205
8,133,685,302
8,560,406,805
-704,492,074
-7.6
426,721,503
5.2
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
41
42
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
Rank
1995-96 Changes
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
24
Greenville-Spartanburg--Anderson, SC
$1,462,111,636
$1,745,019,520
$2,305,311,475
$2,720,417,114
$1,258,305,478
86.1
$415,105,639
18.0
25
Kokomo, IN
1,727,479,804
1,858,412,518
1,648,872,292
2,056,420,227
328,940,423
19.0
407,547,935
24.7
26
Cleveland--Lorain--Elyria OH
3,582,759,333
4,093,322,966
4,706,990,680
5,075,165,450
1,492,406,117
41.7
368,174,770
7.8
27
Brownsville-Harlingen--San Benito, TX
1,904,365,994
2,113,361,920
2,245,917,188
2,612,576,717
708,210,723
37.2
366,659,529
16.3
28
Grand Rapids-Muskegon--Holland, MI
1,704,959,504
1,993,494,017
2,304,077,070
2,656,497,290
951,537,786
55.8
352,420,220
15.3
29
Akron, OH
1,434,941,835
1,606,289,098
1,931,665,315
2,260,274,977
825,333,142
57.5
328,609,662
17.0
30
Melbourne--Titusville--Palm Bay, FL
315,249,458
315,942,399
310,089,285
634,964,140
319,714,682
101.4
324,874,855
104.8
31
Portland--Vancouver, OR--WA
5,698,522,232
6,448,826,945
8,931,311,703
9,234,314,656
3,535,792,424
62.0
303,002,953
3.4
32
Houston, TX
12,284,565,944
13,388,170,043
16,247,880,035
16,541,462,510
4,256,896,566
34.7
293,582,475
1.8
33
Davenport-Moline--Rock Island, IA--IL
1,102,557,510
1,098,869,468
1,291,031,098
1,576,122,832
473,565,322
43.0
285,091,734
22.1
34
New Orleans, LA
2,034,209,302
2,326,231,047
3,037,819,182
3,316,761,379
1,282,552,077
63.0
278,942,197
9.2
35
San Antonio, TX
563,927,642
656,275,677
771,089,223
1,049,964,571
486,036,929
86.2
278,875,348
36.2
36
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT
1,660,879,322
1,808,673,252
1,838,150,726
2,111,534,068
450,654,746
27.1
273,383,342
14.9
37
Orange County, CA
5,653,367,750
6,715,981,650
8,041,081,422
8,309,267,047
2,655,899,297
47.0
268,185,625
3.3
38
Lexington, KY
624,190,496
1,078,565,940
1,235,008,709
1,499,918,569
875,728,073
140.3
264,909,860
21.5
39
Norfolk--Va. Beach--Newport News, VA--NC
677,160,364
807,674,367
1,005,516,040
1,256,850,424
579,690,060
85.6
251,334,384
25.0
40
Orlando, FL
930,363,743
848,511,709
968,815,689
1,218,957,095
288,593,352
31.0
250,141,406
25.8
41
Hartford, CT
1,926,096,785
1,967,053,061
2,167,602,843
2,415,985,216
489,888,431
25.4
248,382,373
11.5
42
Dallas, TX
4,817,639,383
5,679,710,931
6,870,413,661
7,096,879,121
2,279,239,738
47.3
226,465,460
3.3
43
Richmond--Petersburg, VA
4,012,150,525
5,260,571,495
5,389,333,310
5,609,351,827
1,597,201,302
39.8
220,018,517
4.1
44
Saginaw--Bay City--Midland, MI
855,413,629
776,806,698
1,035,564,698
1,254,463,776
399,050,147
46.6
218,899,078
21.1
45
Detroit, MI
16,780,888,732
27,469,655,137
27,314,657,428
27,531,231,354
10,750,342,622
64.1
216,573,926
0.8
46
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
2,337,304,875
2,913,544,707
3,506,904,100
3,717,211,269
1,379,906,394
59.0
210,307,169
6.0
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
47
Charlotte--Gastonia--Rock Hill, NC--SC
$1,563,724,843
$1,782,827,269
$2,087,969,592
$2,291,296,199
$727,571,356
46.5
$203,326,607
9.7
48
Lawrence, MA-NH
822,630,081
806,416,721
841,677,880
1,033,637,404
211,007,323
25.7
191,959,524
22.8
49
Wilmington--Newark, DE--MD
3,423,784,336
3,720,373,054
4,361,105,684
4,551,095,892
1,127,311,556
32.9
189,990,208
4.4
50
Wichita, KS
1,443,978,238
1,540,557,637
1,727,720,231
1,916,811,573
472,833,335
32.7
189,091,342
10.9
51
Omaha, NE--IA
299,777,818
393,250,149
425,917,469
608,290,193
308,512,375
102.9
182,372,724
42.8
52
Middlesex-Somerset--Hunterdon, NJ
2,840,560,943
3,035,890,854
3,448,093,348
3,628,085,216
787,524,273
27.7
179,991,868
5.2
53
Harrisburg-Lobanon-Carlisle, PA
339,161,096
535,012,238
600,972,744
775,520,056
436,358,960
128.7
174,547,312
29.0
54
Racine, WI
365,126,982
403,153,387
335,105,671
493,169,111
128,042,129
35.1
158,063,440
47.2
55
Ann Arbor, MI
2,218,082,828
2,075,768,978
1,157,910,245
1,311,133,806
-906,949,022
-40.9
153,223,561
13.2
56
Greensboro--Winston-Salem-High Point, NC
2,453,096,262
2,773,310,009
3,356,262,119
3,495,638,996
1,042,542,734
42.5
139,376,877
4.2
57
Columbus, OH
1,167,012,557
1,295,467,590
1,358,161,052
1,497,159,962
330,147,405
28.3
138,998,910
10.2
58
Fayetteville-Springdale--Rogers, AR
250,351,519
433,823,178
669,265,366
801,202,632
550,851,113
220.0
131,937,266
19.7
59
Knoxville, TN
580,408,061
689,179,313
633,188,407
764,136,758
183,728,697
31.7
130,948,351
20.7
60
Tucson, AZ
487,122,690
638,117,582
671,722,641
800,051,534
312,928,844
64.2
128,328,893
19.1
61
Louisville, KY--IN
1,673,848,467
1,798,846,995
2,199,762,270
2,327,058,039
653,209,572
39.0
127,295,769
5.8
62
Riverside--San Bernardino, CA
1,093,799,058
1,458,849,995
1,856,457,174
1,982,059,899
888,260,841
81.2
125,602,725
6.8
63
Nassau--Suffolk, NY
2,803,215,823
2,866,271,135
3,558,627,404
3,680,169,225
876,953,402
31.3
121,541,821
3.4
64
Denver, CO
930,959,714
1,089,812,265
1,385,281,758
1,502,864,847
571,905,133
61.4
117,583,089
8.5
65
Champaign--Urbana, IL
87,761,650
89,340,648
103,420,926
214,408,931
126,647,281
144.3
110,988,005
107.3
66
Danbury, CT
316,699,123
392,955,842
421,570,014
531,919,512
215,220,389
68.0
110,349,498
26.2
67
Santa Rosa, CA
409,067,069
485,151,372
572,939,426
681,824,903
272,757,834
66.7
108,885,477
19.0
68
South Bend, IN
179,719,461
160,344,125
389,474,396
494,799,575
315,080,114
175.3
105,325,179
27.0
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
43
44
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
69
Provo--Orem, UT
$170,392,982
$200,188,228
$201,586,009
$301,871,095
$131,478,113
77.2
$100,285,086
49.7
70
Fort Collins--Loveland, CO
284,313,777
354,461,962
373,863,044
468,123,621
183,809,844
64.7
94,260,577
25.2
71
Charleston--North Charleston, SC
597,253,189
388,467,350
501,582,266
595,060,549
-2,192,640
-0.4
93,478,283
18.6
72
Wilmington, NC
147,065,129
180,669,050
211,669,917
301,741,446
154,676,317
105.2
90,071,529
42.6
73
Terre Haute, IN
67,300,401
88,796,473
163,624,858
253,692,171
186,391,770
277.0
90,067,313
55.0
74
Fort Lauderdale, FL
1,321,447,890
1,506,662,094
1,774,654,135
1,864,517,768
543,069,878
41.1
89,863,633
5.1
75
Santa Barbara--Santa Maria--Lompoc, CA
424,028,623
420,154,380
565,199,094
647,994,553
223,965,930
52.8
82,795,459
14.6
76
Richland-Kennewick--Pasco WA
220,336,299
271,566,682
146,593,593
228,095,357
7,759,058
3.5
81,501,764
55.6
77
Tacoma, WA
1,115,321,445
774,869,018
1,098,921,428
1,179,693,490
64,372,045
5.8
80,772,062
7.4
78
Rockford, IL
521,617,189
616,148,483
641,362,969
721,885,172
200,267,983
38.4
80,522,203
12.6
79
Modesto, CA
201,050,014
236,677,694
279,172,075
359,600,993
158,550,979
78.9
80,428,918
28.8
80
Atlanta, GA
3,870,588,791
4,739,123,635
5,811,439,296
5,891,451,390
2,020,862,599
52.2
80,012,094
1.4
81
Corpus Christi, TX
186,763,368
153,571,047
162,390,036
241,770,221
55,006,853
29.5
79,380,185
48.9
82
Birmingham, AL
533,867,447
453,848,201
550,542,807
625,776,105
91,908,658
17.2
75,233,298
13.7
83
Jacksonville, FL
404,853,481
500,395,802
604,065,516
676,984,833
272,131,352
67.2
72,919,317
12.1
84
Bloomington, IN
113,645,558
115,744,973
127,555,248
198,831,576
85,186,018
75.0
71,276,328
55.9
85
Huntsville, AL
573,554,075
672,092,188
828,966,491
899,067,821
325,513,746
56.8
70,101,330
8.5
86
Lynchburg, VA
143,245,862
152,545,285
192,136,774
258,838,467
115,592,605
80.7
66,701,693
34.7
87
Tulsa, OK
1,273,003,720
1,240,953,373
1,485,149,429
1,549,607,614
276,603,894
21.7
64,458,185
4.3
88
West Palm Beach--Boca Raton, FL
764,832,660
834,284,026
897,955,077
955,845,660
191,013,000
25.0
57,890,583
6.4
89
Elmira, NY
70,198,940
116,821,840
139,477,729
196,874,347
126,675,407
180.5
57,396,618
41.2
90
Sherman--Denison, TX
34,708,511
36,149,343
90,719,027
147,488,586
112,780,075
324.9
56,769,559
62.6
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
91
Providence-Fall River--Warwick, RI--MA
$1,141,672,997
$1,246,010,092
$1,241,013,577
$1,296,244,192
$154,571,195
13.5
$55,230,615
4.5
92
Manchester, NH
107,047,205
115,302,567
146,299,420
198,253,604
91,206,399
85.2
51,954,184
35.5
93
Asheville, NC
232,281,062
228,597,097
185,185,417
236,684,245
4,403,183
1.9
51,498,828
27.8
94
Des Moines, IA
337,182,965
348,931,102
378,548,963
426,016,806
88,833,841
26.3
47,467,843
12.5
95
St. Joseph, MO
36,880,396
39,198,221
49,580,703
94,412,765
57,532,369
156.0
44,832,062
90.4
96
Lancaster, PA
406,093,457
469,339,181
581,528,332
626,224,665
220,131,208
54.2
44,696,333
7.7
97
Mobile, AL
356,694,800
395,275,506
415,827,287
459,850,316
103,155,516
28.9
44,023,029
10.6
98
Lowell, MA--NH
867,466,548
890,090,652
1,079,890,413
1,119,944,606
252,478,058
29.1
40,054,193
3.7
99
Utica-Rome, NY
188,304,048
269,316,483
237,987,015
277,993,379
89,689,331
47.6
40,006,364
16.8
100
Vallejo-Fairfield--Napa, CA
171,714,634
263,959,185
238,117,982
277,981,454
106,266,820
61.9
39,863,472
16.7
101
Albany--Schenectady--Troy, NY
676,205,811
831,365,928
1,061,193,724
1,101,028,734
424,822,923
62.8
39,835,010
3.8
102
Augusta--Aiken, GA--SC
227,431,785
326,301,958
405,182,720
443,887,586
216,455,801
95.2
38,704,866
9.6
103
Honolulu, HI
187,787,670
215,515,649
228,238,973
265,744,355
77,956,685
41.5
37,505,382
16.4
104
Spokane, WA
254,379,191
269,397,539
310,892,214
347,879,499
93,500,308
36.8
36,987,285
11.9
105
Nashville, TN
1,104,100,985
1,310,492,235
1,412,347,520
1,445,492,486
341,391,501
30.9
33,144,966
2.3
106
Reading, PA
300,573,485
271,606,223
293,424,354
326,183,744
25,610,259
8.5
32,759,390
11.2
107
Wausau, WI
122,465,071
113,577,562
117,277,854
148,856,115
26,391,044
21.5
31,578,261
26.9
108
Toledo, OH
836,073,213
986,928,080
1,177,715,491
1,207,523,437
371,450,224
44.4
29,807,946
2.5
109
Jackson, MI
95,465,271
96,270,060
98,478,171
128,123,008
32,657,737
34.2
29,644,837
30.1
110
Canton--Massillon, OH
250,176,671
315,936,317
377,170,351
405,984,758
155,808,087
62.3
28,814,407
7.6
111
Jackson, MS
141,225,513
154,261,115
203,013,240
231,400,561
90,175,048
63.9
28,387,321
14.0
112
Fargo--Moorhead, ND--MN
111,847,927
137,258,753
155,009,615
181,892,036
70,044,109
62.6
26,882,421
17.3
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
45
46
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
113
Janesville--Beloit, WI
$76,566,963
$76,345,916
$80,211,725
$107,079,063
$30,512,100
39.9
$26,867,338
33.5
114
Decatur, AL
42,334,717
54,467,829
65,584,180
91,562,675
49,227,958
116.3
25,978,495
39.6
115
Daytona Beach, FL
140,472,143
110,299,169
85,854,725
111,657,267
-28,814,876
-20.5
25,802,542
30.1
116
Parkersburg-Marietta, WV--OH
298,770,507
313,640,061
186,564,081
211,945,118
-86,825,389
-29.1
25,381,037
13.6
117
Madison, WI
357,688,184
417,083,076
497,461,686
522,408,188
164,720,004
46.1
24,946,502
5.0
118
Sheboygan, WI
207,104,066
244,345,672
258,743,314
283,283,524
76,179,458
36.8
24,540,210
9.5
119
Pittsfield, MA
77,167,991
112,240,264
151,883,168
175,533,111
98,365,120
127.5
23,649,943
15.6
120
Visalia-Tulare-Portervill CA
119,558,653
107,684,069
120,628,108
143,732,226
24,173,573
20.2
23,104,118
19.2
121
Longview--Marshall, TX
84,953,839
97,254,225
121,156,896
144,152,404
59,198,565
69.7
22,995,508
19.0
122
Macon, GA
160,523,442
173,275,765
197,552,052
220,086,420
59,562,978
37.1
22,534,368
11.4
123
Bellingham, WA
206,776,814
210,652,470
253,540,383
275,373,942
68,597,128
33.2
21,833,559
8.6
124
Portsmouth--Rochester, NH--ME
464,982,176
470,164,517
553,568,018
574,770,128
109,787,952
23.6
21,202,110
3.8
125
Joplin, MO
52,132,423
44,601,213
50,323,854
71,444,652
19,312,229
37.0
21,120,798
42.0
126
Albany, GA
26,396,462
31,809,840
31,496,956
52,462,198
26,065,736
98.7
20,965,242
66.6
127
Kenosha, WI
126,851,361
117,674,203
133,917,838
154,262,351
27,410,990
21.6
20,344,513
15.2
128
Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY
448,533,992
487,403,232
525,072,223
545,087,640
96,553,648
21.5
20,015,417
3.8
129
Springfield, MA
389,756,278
434,774,121
512,080,162
530,285,756
140,529,478
36.1
18,205,594
3.6
130
Mansfield, OH
367,635,806
349,887,597
394,923,680
412,977,971
45,342,165
12.3
18,054,291
4.6
131
Charleston, WV
178,938,582
277,595,846
394,361,940
412,150,338
233,211,756
130.3
17,788,398
4.5
132
Lafayette, IN
75,176,012
74,907,687
116,206,271
133,217,699
58,041,687
77.2
17,011,428
14.6
133
Little Rock--North Little Rock, AR
200,140,443
218,993,515
193,608,620
210,392,349
10,251,906
5.1
16,783,729
8.7
134
Lincoln, NE
188,537,132
207,173,028
208,814,167
225,253,497
36,716,365
19.5
16,439,330
7.9
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
135
Brockton, MA
$106,999,711
$113,104,954
$143,965,005
$159,706,529
$52,706,818
49.3
$15,741,524
10.9
136
Appleton--Oshkosh--Neenah, WI
529,528,092
507,733,459
593,726,456
608,520,939
78,992,847
14.9
14,794,483
2.5
137
Waterbury, CT
187,546,346
179,607,116
207,604,200
221,590,398
34,044,052
18.2
13,986,198
6.7
138
Ventura, CA
640,298,267
698,677,973
953,380,827
967,262,858
326,964,591
51.1
13,882,031
1.5
139
Redding, CA
32,253,405
28,625,590
40,979,118
53,002,385
20,748,980
64.3
12,023,267
29.3
140
Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR
26,687,418
24,643,159
52,232,066
64,067,528
37,380,110
140.1
11,835,462
22.7
141
Hamilton--Middletown, OH
49,285,459
66,255,465
78,347,581
90,124,695
40,839,236
82.9
11,777,114
15.0
142
Salem, OR
66,294,376
72,944,150
111,955,642
123,012,597
56,718,221
85.6
11,056,955
9.9
143
Nashua, NH
290,190,543
235,398,399
282,231,639
291,331,113
1,140,570
0.4
9,099,474
3.2
144
Chico--Paradise, CA
71,040,934
77,167,326
70,136,604
78,132,866
7,091,932
10.0
7,996,262
11.4
145
Columbus, GA-AL
183,841,381
172,771,815
245,349,953
253,155,187
69,313,806
37.7
7,805,234
3.2
146
Yakima, WA
135,844,953
147,573,341
168,855,673
176,029,254
40,184,301
29.6
7,173,581
4.2
147
Roanoke, VA
164,041,683
195,937,140
231,349,346
238,327,106
74,285,423
45.3
6,977,760
3.0
148
Columbia, MO
42,934,889
50,173,690
51,134,313
57,875,367
14,940,478
34.8
6,741,054
13.2
149
Monmouth--Ocean, NJ
373,365,625
410,212,800
471,772,839
478,195,651
104,830,026
28.1
6,422,812
1.4
150
Waterloo--Cedar Falls, IA
102,706,259
149,660,963
194,610,804
200,919,265
98,213,006
95.6
6,308,461
3.2
151
Wheeling, WV--OH
7,365,382
10,755,481
9,028,702
15,125,019
7,759,637
105.4
6,096,317
67.5
152
Altoona, PA
42,603,769
46,387,634
74,185,381
80,174,812
37,571,043
88.2
5,989,431
8.1
153
Pensacola, FL
38,763,014
34,047,544
32,206,869
36,836,435
-1,926,579
-5.0
4,629,566
14.4
154
Newburgh, NY--PA
382,276,236
152,834,872
148,873,899
153,254,084
-229,022,152
-59.9
4,380,185
2.9
155
Lakeland--Winter Haven, FL
187,019,764
199,172,933
237,674,306
241,524,956
54,505,192
29.1
3,850,650
1.6
156
Shreveport--Bossier City, LA
108,426,809
134,649,484
169,129,758
172,614,442
64,187,633
59.2
3,484,684
2.1
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
47
48
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
157
Yuba City, CA
$62,846,552
$61,460,656
$70,525,176
$73,968,565
$11,122,013
17.7
$3,443,389
4.9
158
Tallahassee, FL
16,093,067
18,726,647
24,234,828
27,238,349
11,145,282
69.3
3,003,521
12.4
159
Alexandria, LA
15,789,189
16,932,546
18,691,822
21,630,915
5,841,726
37.0
2,939,093
15.7
160
Dubuque, IA
93,056,279
177,562,181
180,739,813
183,518,483
90,462,204
97.2
2,778,670
1.5
161
Stockton--Lodi, CA
287,530,164
320,346,532
355,657,574
357,792,099
70,261,935
24.4
2,134,525
0.6
162
Lawrence, KS
5,238,501
6,243,631
4,081,278
5,737,754
499,253
9.5
1,656,476
40.6
163
Naples, FL
55,573,932
55,984,555
75,004,316
75,953,612
20,379,680
36.7
949,296
1.3
164
Williamsport, PA
105,193,832
123,284,392
150,363,429
150,990,732
45,796,900
43.5
627,303
0.4
165
Springfield, IL
23,906,115
29,803,555
35,098,601
35,549,360
11,643,245
48.7
450,759
1.3
166
Springfield, MO
81,120,882
103,823,081
120,177,601
120,348,771
39,227,889
48.4
171,170
0.1
167
Pine Bluff, AR
125,339,370
152,458,519
153,661,930
152,836,774
27,497,404
21.9
-825,156
-0.5
168
Rochester, MN
53,026,135
72,680,026
93,938,469
92,865,882
39,839,747
75.1
-1,072,587
-1.1
169
Fayetteville, NC
54,326,862
57,909,024
66,594,236
65,411,163
11,084,301
20.4
-1,183,073
-1.8
170
Oklahoma City, OK
478,853,383
488,563,315
485,802,939
483,903,128
5,049,745
1.1
-1,899,811
-0.4
171
Houma, LA
58,293,859
53,768,325
60,043,046
57,997,801
-296,058
-0.5
-2,045,245
-3.4
172
Sarasota--Bradenton, FL
186,880,624
187,363,643
182,764,975
180,242,798
-6,637,826
-3.6
-2,522,177
-1:4
173
Youngstown-Warren, OH
189,252,547
185,274,524
225,931,777
223,130,048
33,877,501
17.9
-2,801,729
-1.2
174
Topeka, KS
121,125,965
125,199,049
133,010,613
130,152,989
9,027,024
7.5
-2,857,624
-2.1
175
La Crosse, WI--MN
90,557,886
93,073,270
276,216,972
273,185,399
182,627,513
201.7
-3,031,573
-1.1
176
Gainesville, FL
62,603,224
65,747,174
91,619,239
88,265,083
25,661,859
41.0
-3,354,156
-3.7
177
Beaumont--Port Arthur, TX
87,690,448
97,015,393
118,907,224
115,377,673
27,687,225
31.6
-3,529,551
-3.0
178
Wichita Falls, TX
49,571,138
65,093,442
80,715,177
77,030,476
27,459,338
55.4
-3,684,701
-4.6
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
179
Sharon, PA
$44,056,912
$40,417,455
$60,687,971
$56,908,964
$12,852,052
29.2
-$3,779,007
-6.2
180
Florence, AL
29,805,559
25,747,647
29,536,657
25,245,146
-4,560,413
-15.3
-4,291,511
-14.5
181
Fort Pierce--Port St. Lucle, FL
73,493,929
92,293,244
114,172,040
107,600,648
34,106,719
46.4
-6,571,392
-5.8
182
Gary, IN
225,347,242
267,480,658
310,598,859
303,193,457
77,846,215
34.5
-7,405,402
-2.4
183
Cumberland, MD--WV
54,899,071
64,260,954
53,813,253
45,917,310
-8,981,761
-16.4
-7,895,943
-14.7
184
Bakersfield, CA
480,657,214
780,376,616
730,542,493
721,272,772
240,615,558
50.1
-9,269,721
-1.3
185
Cedar Rapids, IA
342,381,810
363,795,140
402,216,473
391,100,051
48,718,241
14.2
-11,116,422
-2.8
186
Hickory--Morganton, NC
335,244,333
397,915,417
476,068,830
464,328,927
129,084,594
38.5
-11,739,903
-2.5
187
Jamestown, NY
156,924,124
209,363,848
256,550,359
241,230,928
84,306,804
53.7
-15,319,431
-6.0
188
Allentown--Bethiehem--Easton, PA
1,273,864,662
1,371,116,128
1,492,805,120
1,477,242,953
203,378,291
16.0
-15,562,167
-1.0
189
Lake Charles, LA
56,088,346
55,910,699
64,559,699
48,199,497
-7,888,849
-14.1
-16,360,202
-25.3
190
Baton Rouge, LA
564,618,024
457,982,011
569,620,124
552,851,725
-11,766,299
-2.1
-16,768,399
-2.9
191
Charlottesville, VA
113,835,932
123,035,393
157,362,242
140,238,461
26,402,529
23.2
-17,123,781
-10.9
192
Lima, OH
294,120,243
166,192,408
225,999,625
207,329,529
-86,790,714
-29.5
-18,670,096
-8.3
193
Jersey City, NJ
986,218,379
1,351,240,038
1,159,861,493
1,140,757,309
154,538,930
15.7
-19,104,184
-1.6
194
Jackson, TN
108,016,037
132,547,246
175,311,228
155,209,557
47,193,520
43.7
-20,101,671
-11.5
195
Muncie, IN
64,329,690
107,404,131
158,266,189
137,554,385
73,224,695
113.8
-20,711,804
-13.1
196
New London-Norwich, CT--RI
136,538,289
141,454,049
178,198,469
157,456,952
20,918,663
15.3
-20,741,517
-11.6
197
New Bedford, MA
141,561,056
154,502,826
186,769,682
165,766,797
24,205,741
17.1
-21,002,885
-11.2
198
Eugene--Springfield, OR
157,945,724
173,094,239
190,327,845
168,901,955
10,956,231
6.9
-21,425,890
-11.3
199
Lansing--East Lansing, MI
185,665,447
208,627,069
224,039,124
202,208,820
16,543,373
8.9
-21,830,304
-9.7
200
Salinas, CA
294,511,763
321,950,186
359,860,179
337,623,362
43,111,599
14.6
-22,236,817
-6.2
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
49
50
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
201
Fresno, CA
$673,105,211
$763,407,316
$714,388,494
$691,807,510
$18,702,299
2.8
-$22,580,984
-3.2
202
Green Bay, WI
134,096,711
187,289,675
212,672,332
188,949,597
54,852,886
40.9
-23,722,735
-11.2
203
Kankakee, IL
79,077,304
85,978,927
137,807,663
113,716,644
34,639,340
43.8
-24,091,019
-17.5
204
Greeley, CO
276,023,363
501,822,972
582,938,322
558,789,549
282,766,186
102.4
-24,148,773
-4.1
205
Odessa-Midland, TX
50,028,313
68,283,389
118,157,184
92,079,910
42,051,597
84.1
-26,077,274
-22.1
206
Chattanooga, TN--GA
218,309,555
237,266,538
301,011,927
273,466,145
55,156,590
25.3
-27,545,782
-9.2
207
Lafayette, LA
93,648,966
148,703,593
192,720,480
164,842,615
71,193,649
76.0
-27,877,865
-14.5
208
York, PA
751,821,132
952,004,973
973,936,039
945,100,111
193,278,979
25.7
-28,835,928
-3.0
209
Bremerton, WA
45,021,656
54,582,146
109,800,268
79,868,261
34,846,605
77.4
-29,932,007
-27.3
210
Columbia, SC
212,915,343
300,390,174
343,310,841
310,848,312
97,932,969
46.0
-32,462,529
-9.5
211
Buffalo--Niagara Falls, NY
1,135,152,775
1,569,651,215
2,295,800,493
2,262,227,981
1,127,075,206
99.3
-33,572,512
-1.5
212
Monroe, LA
77,148,746
107,119,178
167,800,817
133,964,208
56,815,462
73.6
-33,836,609
-20.2
213
Portland, ME
355,190,640
319,515,535
373,121,011
339,151,601
-16,039,039
-4.5
-33,969,410
-9.1
214
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
1,510,194,856
1,826,431,295
1,617,130,723
1,579,743,309
69,548,453
4.6
-37,387,414
-2.3
215
Fort Wayne, IN
640,583,777
770,882,450
1,029,423,033
991,375,086
350,791,309
54.8
-38,047,947
-3.7
216
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, PA
266,618,289
328,151,069
431,874,490
391,991,357
125,373,068
47.0
-39,883,133
-9.2
217
Anchorage, AK
128,778,773
198,191,709
150,417,105
108,977,114
-19,801,659
-15.4
-41,439,991
-27.6
218
Panama City, FL
90,907,807
121,158,683
216,486,434
174,787,075
83,879,268
92.3
-41,699,359
-19.3
219
Huntington--Ashland, WV--KY--OH
136,550,041
162,404,065
237,186,454
193,938,404
57,388,363
42.0
-43,248,050
-18.2
220
Pittsburgh, PA
2,989,745,222
3,150,609,651
3,982,169,190
3,933,686,687
943,941,465
31.6
-48,482,503
-1.2
221
Montgomery, AL
157,828,546
231,008,786
244,100,977
192,869,812
35,041,266
22.2
-51,231,165
-21.0
222
Benton Harbor, MI
338,674,082
368,813,560
369,319,450
317,239,307
-21,434,775
-6.3
-52,080,143
-14.1
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
223
Reno, NV
$184,086,875
$213,652,355
$368,209,881
$314,589,472
$130,502,597
70.9
-$53,620,409
-14.6
224
Kalamazoo--Battle Creek, MI
650,330,732
868,950,604
897,345,300
836,062,385
185,731,653
28.6
-61,282,915
-6.8
225
Danville, VA
172,993,844
202,726,598
155,744,244
89,126,788
-83,867,056
-48.5
-66,617,456
-42.8
226
Lubbock, TX
98,634,148
165,123,367
258,746,975
189,012,353
90,378,205
91.6
-69,734,622
-27.0
227
Worcester, MA--CT
1,017,882,516
603,792,520
757,553,224
685,676,465
-332,206,051
-32.6
-71,876,759
-9.5
228
Eau Claire, WI
289,715,835
465,707,890
399,923,268
320,595,844
30,880,009
10.7
-79,327,424
-19.8
229
New Haven--Meriden, CT
1,035,550,576
1,075,478,242
1,106,348,547
1,012,436,505
-23,114,071
-2.2
-93,912,042
-8.5
230
Colorado Springs, CO
664,289,154
900,712,044
954,691,572
856,993,710
192,704,556
29.0
-97,697,862
-10.2
231
Baltimore, MD
1,783,406,722
1,868,967,765
2,209,167,884
2,110,417,170
327,010,448
18.3
-98,750,714
-4.5
232
Savannah, GA
442,485,257
423,262,228
567,520,855
459,391,636
16,906,379
3.8
-108,129,219
-19.1
233
Johnson City-Kingsport--Bristol, TN-VA
1,356,660,383
1,580,777,613
1,677,496,932
1,566,531,562
209,871,179
15.5
-110,965,370
-6.6
234
Binghamton, NY
316,229,309
474,877,881
558,094,464
443,250,094
127,020,785
40.2
-114,844,370
-20.6
235
Trenton, NJ
223,768,152
237,501,682
392,472,201
267,846,893
44,078,741
19.7
-124,625,308
-31.8
236
Florence, SC
66,283,137
117,219,848
249,016,278
121,575,880
55,292,743
83.4
-127,440,398
-51.2
237
Flint, MI
958,923,618
1,032,050,028
1,451,712,126
1,318,808,559
359,884,941
37.5
-132,903,567
-9.2
238
Elkhart-Goshen, IN
419,879,457
460,350,316
501,534,285
367,464,878
-52,414,579
-12.5
-134,069,407
-26.7
239
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS
108,136,162
281,603,418
281,039,517
119,916,297
11,780,135
10.9
~161,123,220
-57.3
240
Bridgeport, CT
1,125,870,184
918,846,699
952,929,366
788,587,160
-337,283,024
-30.0
-164,342,206
-17.2
241
Erie, PA
311,583,551
285,447,671
490,769,564
321,857,103
10,273,552
3.3
-168,912,461
-34.4
242
Philadelphia, PA--NJ
5,869,148,088
6,545,835,785
7,896,893,158
7,727,939,544
1,858,791,456
31.7
-168,953,614
-2.1
243
Austin--San Marcos, TX
1,721,513,552
2,128,773,530
2,929,207,924
2,743,135,077
1,021,621,525
59.3
-186,072,847
-6.4
244
Tampa--St. Petersburg--Clearwater, FL
1,295,739,290
1,835,814,338
2,116,050,399
1,921,833,422
626,094,132
48.3
-194,216,977
-9.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
51
52
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
245
Dayton--Springfield, OH
$2,479,866,622
$2,671,308,908
$2,404,843,615
$2,201,505,400
-$278,361,222
-11.2
$203,338,215
-8.5
246
Syracuse, NY
1,374,086,912
1,600,939,522
1,894,294,791
1,665,451,869
291,364,957
21.2
-228,842,922
-12.1
247
Washington, DC--MD--VA-WV
7,250,600,413
7,969,302,661
8,350,434,637
8,083,517,016
832,916,603
11.5
-266,917,621
-3.2
248
Bergen--Passaio, NJ
3,924,948,374
4,387,000,116
4,784,006,411
4,499,878,508
574,930,134
14.6
-284,127,903
-5.9
249
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
20,013,560,462
22,224,814,589
24,730,951,600
24,437,944,781
4,424,384,319
22.1
-293,006,819
-1.2
250
Boise City, ID
1,022,745,418
1,289,820,030
1,634,971,533
1,338,529,303
315,783,885
30.9
-296,442,230
-18.1
251
Memphis, TN--AR--MS
2,055,082,048
2,729,489,435
4,163,837,508
3,786,079,518
1,730,997,470
84.2
-377,757,990
-9.1
252
Stamford--Norwalk, CT
3,366,568,677
3,452,702,492
4,937,570,553
4,424,293,400
1,057,724,723
31.4
-513,277,153
-10.4
253
Newark, NJ
4,287,435,484
5,205,487,112
5,640,023,616
5,044,167,286
756,731,802
17.6
-595,856,330
-10.6
--
Las Vegas, NV--AZ
166,604,475
144,836,836
NA*
NA*
--
--
-
--
--
Dutchess County, NY
796,549,566
980,569,435
NA*
NA*
:
--
--
--
--
Brazoria, TX
1,475,063,152
1,760,999,069
NA*
NA*
--
--
I
:
Metro Sample Subtotal
$372,364,446,957
$415,158,980,050
$467,658,417,296
$494,486,601,470
$122,122,154,513
32.8
$26,828,184,174
5.7
Other Metropolitan Areas
$17,525,318,481
$21,238,229,007
$30,744,923,413
$30,793,258,279
$13,267,939,798
75.7
$48,334,866
0.2
Non-Metropolitan Areas
$25,932,850,636
$29,367,119,815
$34,188,840,211
$36,891,974,150
$10,959,123,514
42.3
$2,703,133,939
7.9
Crossovers
$10,146,130,349
$11,085,648,282
$13,376,085,543
$16,339,329,190
$6,193,198,841
61.0
$2,963,243,647
22.2
Unknown
$38,889,607,551
$35,565,632,057
$37,062,258,026
$44,315,899,860
$5,426,292,309
14.0
$7,253,641,834
19.6
Total U.S. Merchandise Exports
$464,858,353,974
$512,415,609,211
$583,030,524,489
$622,827,062,949
$157,968,708,975
34.0
$39,796,538,460
6.8
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Exporter Location Series
Prepared by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
I
Albuquerque, NM
$256,688,708
$335,480,983
$270,083,340
$740,349,310
$483,660,602
188.4
$470,265,970
174.1
2
Champaign--Urbana, IL
87,761,650
89,340,648
103,420,926
214,408,931
126,647,281
144.3
110,988,005
107.3
3
Melbourme--Titusville-Palm Bay, FL
315,249,458
315,942,399
310,089,285
634,964,140
319,714,682
101.4
324,874,855
104.8
4
St. Joseph, MO
36,880,396
39,198,221
49,580,703
94,412,765
57,532,369
156.0
44,832,062
90.4
5
Wheeling, WV--OH
7,365,382
10,755,481
9,028,702
15,125,019
7,759,637
105.4
6,096,317
67,5
6
Albany, GA
26,396,462
31,809,840
31,496,956
52,462,198
26,065,736
98.7
20,965,242
66.6
7
Sherman-Denison, TX
34,708,511
36,149,343
90,719,027
147,488,586
112,780,075
324.9
56,769,559
62.6
8
Bloomington, IN
113,645,558
115,744,973
127,555,248
198,831,576
85,186,018
75.0
71,276,328
55.9
9
Richland--Kennewick--Pasco, WA
220,336,299
271,566,682
146,593,593
228,095,357
7,759,058
3.5
81,501,764
55.6
10
Terre Haute, IN
67,300,401
88,796,473
163,624,858
253,692,171
186,391,770
277.0
90,067,313
55.0
11
Provo--Orem, UT
170,392,982
200,188,228
201,586,009
301,871,095
131,478,113
77.2
100,285,086
49.7
12
Corpus Christi, TX
186,763,368
153,571,047
162,390,036
241,770,221
55,006,853
29.5
79,380,185
48.9
13
Racine, WI
365,126,982
403,153,387
335,105,671
493,169,111
128,042,129
35.1
158,063,440
47.2
14
Omaha, NE--IA
299,777,818
393,250,149
425,917,469
608,290,193
308,512,375
102.9
182,372,724
42.8
15
Wilmington, NC
147,065,129
180,669,050
211,669,917
301,741,446
154,676,317
105.2
90,071,529
42.6
16
Joplin, MO
52,132,423
44,601,213
50,323,854
71,444,652
19,312,229
37.0
21,120,798
42.0
17
Elmira, NY
70,198,940
116,821,840
139,477,729
196,874,347
126,675,407
180.5
57,396,618
41.2
18
Lawrence, KS
5,238,501
6,243,631
4,081,278
5,737,754
499,253
9.5
1,656,476
40.6
19
Decatur, AL
42,334,717
54,467,829
65,584,180
91,562,675
49,227,958
116.3
25,978,495
39.6
20
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
664,331,713
857,420,329
1,408,245,395
1,943,146,539
1,278,814,826
192.5
534,901,144
38.0
21
San Antonio, TX
563,927,642
656,275,677
771,089,223
1,049,964,571
486,036,929
86.2
278,875,348
36.2
22
Manchester, NH
107,047,205
115,302,567
146,299,420
198,253,604
91,206,399
85.2
51,954,184
35.5
23
Lynchburg, VA
143,245,862
152,545,285
192,136,774
258,838,467
115,592,605
80.7
66,701,693
34.7
53
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Burcau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
54
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
24
Janesville--Beloit, WI
$76,566,963
$76,345,916
$80,211,725
$107,079,063
$30,512,100
39.9
$26,867,338
33:5
25
Sacramento, CA
1,075,600,748
1,087,946,958
1,448,341,678
1,908,647,897
833,047,149
77.4
460,306,219
31.8
26
Jackson, MI
95,465,271
96,270,060
98,478,171
128,123,008
32,657,737
34.2
29,644,837
30.1
27
Daytona Beach, FL
140,472,143
110,299,169
85,854,725
111,657,267
-28,814,876
-20.5
25,802,542
30.1
28
Redding, CA
32,253,405
28,625,590
40,979,118
53,002,385
20,748,980
64.3
12,023,267
29.3
29
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlislo, PA
339,161,096
535,012,238
600,972,744
775,520,056
436,358,960
128.7
174,547,312
29.0
30
Modesto, CA
201,050,014
236,677,694
279,172,075
359,600,993
158,550,979
78.9
80,428,918
28,8
31
Asheville, NC
232,281,062
228,597,097
185,185,417
236,684,245
4,403,183
1.9
51,498,828
27.8
32
South Bend, IN
179,719,461
160,344,125
389,474,396
494,799,575
315,080,114
175.3
105,325,179
27.0
33
Wausau, WI
122,465,071
113,577,562
117,277,854
148,856,115
26,391,044
21.5
31,578,261
26.9
34
El Paso, TX
2,967,026,906
3,561,263,422
4,120,776,696
5,212,688,891
2,245,661,985
75.7
1,091,912,195
26.5
35
Danbury, CT
316,699,123
392,955,842
421,570,014
531,919,512
215,220,389
68.0
110,349,498
26.2
36
Orlando, FL
930,363,743
848,511,709
968,815,689
1,218,957,095
288,593,352
31.0
250,141,406
25.8
37
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO
284,313,777
354,461,962
373,863,044
468,123,621
183,809,844
64.7
94,260,577
25.2
38
Norfolk--Va. Beach--Newport News, VA--NC
677,160,364
807,674,367
1,005,516,040
1,256,850,424
579,690,060
85.6
251,334,384
25.0
39
Kokomo, IN
1,727,479,804
1,858,412,518
1,648,872,292
2,056,420,227
328,940,423
19.0
407,547,935
24.7
40
Raleigh--Durham--Chapel Hill, NC
1,620,883,787
1,758,672,814
2,093,206,440
2,609,827,686
988,943,899
61.0
516,621,246
24.7
41
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
1,600,206,447
2,052,001,428
1,915,014,056
2,372,702,547
772,496,100
48.3
457,688,491
23.9
42
Lawrence, MA--NH
822,630,081
806,416,721
841,677,880
1,033,637,404
211,007,323
25.7
191,959,524
22.8
43
Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR
26,687,418
24,643,159
52,232,066
64,067,528
37,380,110
140.1
11,835,462
22.7
44
Davenport-Moline--Rock Island, IA--IL
1,102,557,510
1,098,869,468
1,291,031,098
1,576,122,832
473,565,322
43.0
285,091,734
22.1
45
Lexington, KY
624,190,496
1,078,565,940
1,235,008,709
1,499,918,569
875,728,073
140.3
264,909,860
21.5
46
Saginaw--Bay City--Midland, MI
855,413,629
776,806,698
1,035,564,698
1,254,463,776
399,050,147
46.6
218,899,078
21.1
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
47
Knoxville, TN
$580,408,061
$689,179,313
$633,188,407
$764,136,758
$183,728,697
31.7
$130,948,351
20.7
48
Seattle-Bellevue--Everett WA
23,815,648,729
21,752,981,626
17,815,387,834
21,391,133,295
-2,424,515,434
-10.2
3,575,745,461
20.1
49
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR
250,351,519
433,823,178
669,265,366
801,202,632
550,851,113
220.0
131,937,266
19.7
50
Visalia--Tulare-Porterville, CA
119,558,653
107,684,069
120,628,108
143,732,226
24,173,573
20.2
23,104,118
19.2
51
Tucson, AZ
487,122,690
638,117,582
671,722,641
800,051,534
312,928,844
64.2
128,328,893
19.1
52
Santa Rosa, CA
409,067,069
485,151,372
572,939,426
681,824,903
272,757,834
66.7
108,885,477
19.0
53
Longview-Marshall, TX
84,953,839
97,254,225
121,156,896
144,152,404
59,198,565
69.7
22,995,508
19.0
54
Kansas City, MO-KS
2,225,900,542
2,578,559,820
3,350,169,565
3,985,072,561
1,759,172,019
79.0
634,902,996
19.0
55
Laredo, TX
4,061,824,179
4,157,377,819
2,897,821,799
3,440,672,848
-621,151,331
-15.3
542,851,049
18.7
56
Charleston-North Charleston, SC
597,253,189
388,467,350
501,582,266
595,060,549
-2,192,640
-0.4
93,478,283
18.6
57
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC
1,462,111,636
1,745,019,520
2,305,311,475
2,720,417,114
1,258,305,478
86.1
415,105,639
18.0
58
Fargo--Moorhead, ND--MN
111,847,927
137,258,753
155,009,615
181,892,036
70,044,109
62.6
26,882,421
17.3
59
Akron, OH
1,434,941,835
1,606,289,098
1,931,665,315
2,260,274,977
825,333,142
57.5
328,609,662
17.0
60
Utica-Rome, NY
188,304,048
269,316,483
237,987,015
277,993,379
89,689,331
47.6
40,006,364
16.8
61
Vallejo--Fairfleld--Napa, CA
171,714,634
263,959,185
238,117,982
277,981,454
106,266,820
61.9
39,863,472
16.7
62
Phoenix--Mesa, AZ
4,498,943,416
5,561,093,693
6,780,426,107
7,912,059,679
3,413,116,263
75.9
1,131,633,572
16.7
63
Honolulu, HI
187,787,670
215,515,649
228,238,973
265,744,355
77,956,685
41.5
37,505,382
16.4
64
Brownsville--Harlingcn-San Benito, TX
1,904,365,994
2,113,361,920
2,245,917,188
2,612,576,717
708,210,723
37.2
366,659,529
16.3
65
Alexandria, LA
15,789,189
16,932,546
18,691,822
21,630,915
5,841,726
37.0
2,939,093
15.7
66
Pittsfield, MA
77,167,991
112,240,264
151,883,168
175,533,111
98,365,120
127.5
23,649,943
15.6
67
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI
1,704,959,504
1,993,494,017
2,304,077,070
2,656,497,290
951,537,786
55.8
352,420,220
15.3
68
Kenosha, WI
126,851,361
117,674,203
133,917,838
154,262,351
27,410,990
21.6
20,344,513
15.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
55
56
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
69
Hamilton--Middletown, OH
$49,285,459
$66,255,465
$78,347,581
$90,124,695
$40,839,236
82.9
$11,777,114
15.0
70
Salt Lake City--Ogden, UT
1,660,879,322
1,808,673,252
1,838,150,726
2,111,534,068
450,654,746
27.1
273,383,342
14.9
71
Oakland, CA
4,181,477,503
5,113,244,018
6,372,462,719
7,309,195,498
3,127,717,995
74.8
936,732,779
14.7
72
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria--Lompoc, CA
424,028,623
420,154,380
565,199,094
647,994,553
223,965,930
52.8
82,795,459
14.6
73
San Diego, CA
4,357,749,356
4,867,278,411
5,860,939,776
6,719,405,217
2,361,655,861
54.2
858,465,441
14.6
74
Lafayette, IN
75,176,012
74,907,687
116,206,271
133,217,699
58,041,687
77.2
17,011,428
14.6
75
Pensacola, FL
38,763,014
34,047,544
32,206,869
36,836,435
-1,926,579
-5.0
4,629,566
14.4
76
Jackson, MS
141,225,513
154,261,115
203,013,240
231,400,561
90,175,048
63.9
28,387,321
14.0
77
Birmingham, AL
533,867,447
453,848,201
550,542,807
625,776,105
91,908,658
17.2
75,233,298
13.7
78
Parkersburg-Marietta, WV--OH
298,770,507
313,640,061
186,564,081
211,945,118
-86,825,389
-29.1
25,381,037
13.6
79
Ann Arbor, MI
2,218,082,828
2,075,768,978
1,157,910,245
1,311,133,806
-906,949,022
-40.9
153,223,561
13.2
80
Columbia, MO
42,934,889
50,173,690
51,134,313
57,875,367
14,940,478
34.8
6,741,054
13.2
81
Indianapolis, IN
2,626,625,792
3,003,834,284
3,555,924,896
4,012,774,870
1,386,149,078
52.8
456,849,974
12.8
82
Rockford, IL
521,617,189
616,148,483
641,362,969
721,885,172
200,267,983
38.4
80,522,203
12.6
83
Des Moines, IA
337,182,965
348,931,102
378,548,963
426,016,806
88,833,841
26.3
47,467,843
12.5
84
St. Louis, MO--IL
3,399,997,362
3,673,337,340
3,997,677,665
4,497,447,213
1,097,449,851
32.3
499,769,548
12.5
85
Tallahassee, FL
16,093,067
18,726,647
24,234,828
27,238,349
11,145,282
69.3
3,003,521
12.4
86
Cincinnati, OH-KY--IN
3,898,151,122
4,056,505,886
4,256,652,673
4,784,139,630
885,988,508
22.7
527,486,957
12.4
87
Jacksonville, FL
404,853,481
500,395,802
604,065,516
676,984,833
272,131,352
67.2
72,919,317
12.1
88
Spokane, WA
254,379,191
269,397,539
310,892,214
347,879,499
93,500,308
36.8
36,987,285
11.9
89
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN--WI
9,003,818,021
8,863,530,759
11,071,821,888
12,383,978,644
3,380,160,623
37.5
1,312,156,756
11.9
90
Rochester, NY
3,091,528,731
3,143,661,788
3,860,521,321
4,307,693,737
1,216,165,006
39.3
447,172,416
11.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
91
Hartford, CT
$1,926,096,785
$1,967,053,061
$2,167,602,843
$2,415,985,216
$489,888,431
25.4
$248,382,373
11.5
92
Macon, GA
160,523,442
173,275,765
197,552,052
220,086,420
59,562,978
37.1
22,534,368
11.4
93
Chico--Paradise, CA
71,040,934
77,167,326
70,136,604
78,132,866
7,091,932
10.0
7,996,262
11.4
94
Reading, PA
300,573,485
271,606,223
293,424,354
326,183,744
25,610,259
8.5
32,759,390
11.2
95
Wichita, KS
1,443,978,238
1,540,557,637
1,727,720,231
1,916,811,573
472,833,335
32.7
189,091,342
10.9
96
Brockton, MA
106,999,711
113,104,954
143,965,005
159,706,529
52,706,818
49.3
15,741,524
10.9
97
Mobile, AL
356,694,800
395,275,506
415,827,287
459,850,316
103,155,516
28.9
44,023,029
10.6
98
Boston, MA--NH
6,472,471,061
7,095,349,390
7,902,660,426
8,715,803,698
2,243,332,637
34.7
813,143,272
10.3
99
Columbus, OH
1,167,012,557
1,295,467,590
1,358,161,052
1,497,159,962
330,147,405
28.3
138,998,910
10.2
100
Salem, OR
66,294,376
72,944,150
111,955,642
123,012,597
56,718,221
85.6
11,056,955
9.9
101
Charlotte--Gastonia--Rock Hill, NC--SC
1,563,724,843
1,782,827,269
2,087,969,592
2,291,296,199
727,571,356
46.5
203,326,607
9.7
102
Augusta--Aiken, GA-SC
227,431,785
326,301,958
405,182,720
443,887,586
216,455,801
95.2
38,704,866
9.6
103
Sheboygan, WI
207,104,066
244,345,672
258,743,314
283,283,524
76,179,458
36.8
24,540,210
9.5
104
San Jose, CA
16,171,568,261
19,942,678,387
26,822,811,883
29,331,297,057
13,159,728,796
81.4
2,508,485,174
9.4
105
New Orleans, LA
2,034,209,302
2,326,231,047
3,037,819,182
3,316,761,379
1,282,552,077
63.0
278,942,197
9.2
106
Little Rock--North Little Rock, AR
200,140,443
218,993,515
193,608,620
210,392,349
10,251,906
5.1
16,783,729
8.7
107
Bellingham, WA
206,776,814
210,652,470
253,540,383
275,373,942
68,597,128
33.2
21,833,559
8.6
108
Denver, CO
930,959,714
1,089,812,265
1,385,281,758
1,502,864,847
571,905,133
61.4
117,583,089
8.5
109
Huntsville, AL
573,554,075
672,092,188
828,966,491
899,067,821
325,513,746
56.8
70,101,330
8,5
110
Altoona, PA
42,603,769
46,387,634
74,185,381
80,174,812
37,571,043
88.2
5,989,431
8.1
111
Lincoln, NE
188,537,132
207,173,028
208,814,167
225,253,497
36,716,365
19.5
16,439,330
79
112
Cleveland--Lorain--Elyria OH
3,582,759,333
4,093,322,966
4,706,990,680
5,075,165,450
1,492,406,117
41.7
368,174,770
7.8
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
57
58
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
113
Lancaster, PA
$406,093,457
$469,339,181
$581,528,332
$626,224,665
$220,131,208
54.2
$44,696,333
7.7
114
Canton--Massillon, OH
250,176,671
315,936,317
377,170,351
405,984,758
155,808,087
62.3
28,814,407
7.6
115
Tacoma, WA
1,115,321,445
774,869,018
1,098,921,428
1,179,693,490
64,372,045
5.8
80,772,062
7.4
116
Riverside--San Bernardino, CA
1,093,799,058
1,458,849,995
1,856,457,174
1,982,059,899
888,260,841
81.2
125,602,725
6.8
117
Waterbury, CT
187,546,346
179,607,116
207,604,200
221,590,398
34,044,052
18.2
13,986,198
6.7
118
West Palm Beach--Boca Raton, FL
764,832,660
834,284,026
897,955,077
955,845,660
191,013,000
25.0
57,890,583
6.4
119
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
2,337,304,875
2,913,544,707
3,506,904,100
3,717,211,269
1,379,906,394
59.0
210,307,169
6.0
120
Louisville, KY-IN
1,673,848,467
1,798,846,995
2,199,762,270
2,327,058,039
653,209,572
39.0
127,295,769
5.8
121
San Francisco, CA
9,264,898,879
9,303,816,205
8,133,685,302
8,560,406,805
-704,492,074
-7.6
426,721,503
5.2
122
Middlesex--Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
2,840,560,943
3,035,890,854
3,448,093,348
3,628,085,216
787,524,273
27.7
179,991,868
5.2
123
Fort Lauderdale, FL
1,321,447,890
1,506,662,094
1,774,654,135
1,864,517,768
543,069,878
41.1
89,863,633
5.1
124
Madison, WI
357,688,184
417,083,076
497,461,686
522,408,188
164,720,004
46.1
24,946,502
5.0
125
Yuba City, CA
62,846,552
61,460,656
70,525,176
73,968,565
11,122,013
17.7
3,443,389
4.9
126
Miami, FL
8,264,303,946
9,266,745,514
10,200,814,784
10,681,235,944
2,416,931,998
29.2
480,421,160
4.7
127
Mansfield, OH
367,635,806
349,887,597
394,923,680
412,977,971
45,342,165
12.3
18,054,291
4,6
128
Charleston, WV
178,938,582
277,595,846
394,361,940
412,150,338
233,211,756
130.3
17,788,398
4.5
129
Chicago, IL
14,446,576,063
17,333,603,392
21,083,418,213
22,030,068,072
7,583,492,009
52.5
946,649,859
4.5
130
Providence--Fall River--Warwick, RI--MA
1,141,672,997
1,246,010,092
1,241,013,577
1,296,244,192
154,571,195
13.5
55,230,615
4.5
131
Wilmington--Newark, DE--MD
3,423,784,336
3,720,373,054
4,361,105,684
4,551,095,892
1,127,311,556
32.9
189,990,208
4.4
132
Tulsa, OK
1,273,003,720
1,240,953,373
1,485,149,429
1,549,607,614
276,603,894
21.7
64,458,185
4,3
133
Yakima, WA
135,844,953
147,573,341
168,855,673
176,029,254
40,184,301
29.6
7,173,581
4.2
134
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--ligh Point, NC
2,453,096,262
2,773,310,009
3,356,262,119
3,495,638,996
1,042,542,734
42.5
139,376,877
4.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
135
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
$4,012,150,525
$5,260,571,495
$5,389,333,310
$5,609,351,827
$1,597,201,302
39.8
$220,018,517
4.1
136
Portsmouth--Rochester, NH--ME
464,982,176
470,164,517
553,568,018
574,770,128
109,787,952
23.6
21,202,110
3.8
137
Evansville-Henderson, IN--KY
448,533,992
487,403,232
525,072,223
545,087,640
96,553,648
21.5
20,015,417
3.8
138
Albany--Schenectady-Troy, NY
676,205,811
831,365,928
1,061,193,724
1,101,028,734
424,822,923
62.8
39,835,010
3.8
139
Lowell, MA--NH
867,466,548
890,090,652
1,079,890,413
1,119,944,606
252,478,058
29.1
40,054,193
3.7
140
Springfield, MA
389,756,278
434,774,121
512,080,162
530,285,756
140,529,478
36.1
18,205,594
3.6
141
Nassau--Suffolk, NY
2,803,215,823
2,866,271,135
3,558,627,404
3,680,169,225
876,953,402
31.3
121,541,821
3.4
142
Portland-Vancouver, OR--WA
5,698,522,232
6,448,826,945
8,931,311,703
9,234,314,656
3,535,792,424
62.0
303,002,953
3.4
143
Orange County, CA
5,653,367,750
6,715,981,650
8,041,081,422
8,309,267,047
2,655,899,297
47.0
268,185,625
3.3
144
Dallas, TX
4,817,639,383
5,679,710,931
6,870,413,661
7,096,879,121
2,279,239,738
47.3
226,465,460
3.3
145
Waterloo--Cedar Falls, IA
102,706,259
149,660,963
194,610,804
200,919,265
98,213,006
95.6
6,308,461
3.2
146
Nashua, NH
290,190,543
235,398,399
282,231,639
291,331,113
1,140,570
0.4
9,099,474
3.2
147
Columbus, GA-AL
183,841,381
172,771,815
245,349,953
253,155,187
69,313,806
37.7
7,805,234
3.2
148
New York, NY
28,192,821,918
23,543,749,240
27,131,083,725
27,970,506,919
-222,314,999
-0.8
839,423,194
3.1
149
Roanoke, VA
164,041,683
195,937,140
231,349,346
238,327,106
74,285,423
45.3
6,977,760
3.0
150
Newburgh, NY--PA
382,276,236
152,834,872
148,873,899
153,254,084
-229,022,152
-59.9
4,380,185
2.9
151
Toledo, OH
836,073,213
986,928,080
1,177,715,491
1,207,523,437
371,450,224
44.4
29,807,946
2.5
152
Appleton--Oshkosh--Neenah, WI
529,528,092
507,733,459
593,726,456
608,520,939
78,992,847
14.9
14,794,483
2.5
153
Nashville, TN
1,104,100,985
1,310,492,235
1,412,347,520
1,445,492,486
341,391,501
30.9
33,144,966
2.3
154
Shreveport--Bossier City, LA
108,426,809
134,649,484
169,129,758
172,614,442
64,187,633
59.2
3,484,684
2.1
155
Houston, TX
12,284,565,944
13,388,170,043
16,247,880,035
16,541,462,510
4,256,896,566
34.7
293,582,475
1.8
156
Lakeland--Winter Haven, FL
187,019,764
199,172,933
237,674,306
241,524,956
54,505,192
29.1
3,850,650
1.6
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
59
60
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
157
Dubuque, IA
$93,056,279
$177,562,181
$180,739,813
$183,518,483
$90,462,204
97.2
$2,778,670
1.5
158
Ventura, CA
640,298,267
698,677,973
953,380,827
967,262,858
326,964,591
51.1
13,882,031
1.5
159
Atlanta, GA
3,870,588,791
4,739,123,635
5,811,439,296
5,891,451,390
2,020,862,599
52.2
80,012,094
1.4
160
Monmouth--Ocean, NJ
373,365,625
410,212,800
471,772,839
478,195,651
104,830,026
28.1
6,422,812
1.4
161
Springfield, IL
23,906,115
29,803,555
35,098,601
35,549,360
11,643,245
48.7
450,759
1.3
162
Naples, FL
55,573,932
55,984,555
75,004,316
75,953,612
20,379,680
36.7
949,296
1.3
163
Detroit, MI
16,780,888,732
27,469,655,137
27,314,657,428
27,531,231,354
10,750,342,622
64.1
216,573,926
0.8
164
Stockton--Lodi, CA
287,530,164
320,346,532
355,657,574
357,792,099
70,261,935
24.4
2,134,525
0.6
165
Williamsport, PA
105,193,832
123,284,392
150,363,429
150,990,732
45,796,900
43.5
627,303
0.4
166
Springfield, MO
81,120,882
103,823,081
120,177,601
120,348,771
39,227,889
48.4
171,170
0.1
167
Oklahoma City, OK
478,853,383
488,563,315
485,802,939
483,903,128
5,049,745
1.1
-1,899,811
-0.4
168
Pine Bluff, AR
125,339,370
152,458,519
153,661,930
152,836,774
27,497,404
21.9
-825,156
-0.5
169
Allentown-Bethlehem--Easton, PA
1,273,864,662
1,371,116,128
1,492,805,120
1,477,242,953
203,378,291
16.0
-15,562,167
-1.0
170
La Crosse, WI--MN
90,557,886
93,073,270
276,216,972
273,185,399
182,627,513
201.7
-3,031,573
-1.1
171
Rochester, MN
53,026,135
72,680,026
93,938,469
92,865,882
39,839,747
75.1
-1,072,587
-1.1
172
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
20,013,560,462
22,224,814,589
24,730,951,600
24,437,944,781
4,424,384,319
22.1
-293,006,819
-1.2
173
Pittsburgh, PA
2,989,745,222
3,150,609,651
3,982,169,190
3,933,686,687
943,941,465
31.6
-48,482,503
-1.2
174
Youngstown--Warren, OH
189,252,547
185,274,524
225,931,777
223,130,048
33,877,501
17.9
-2,801,729
-1.2
175
Bakersfield, CA
480,657,214
780,376,616
730,542,493
721,272,772
240,615,558
50.1
-9,269,721
-1.3
176
Sarasota--Bradenton, FL
186,880,624
187,363,643
182,764,975
180,242,798
-6,637,826
-3.6
-2,522,177
-1.4
177
Buffalo--Niagara Falls, NY
1,135,152,775
1,569,651,215
2,295,800,493
2,262,227,981
1,127,075,206
99.3
-33,572,512
-1.5
178
Jersey City, NJ
986,218,379
1,351,240,038
1,159,861,493
1,140,757,309
154,538,930
15.7
-19,104,184
-1.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
179
Fayetteville, NC
$54,326,862
$57,909,024
$66,594,236
$65,411,163
$11,084,301
20.4
-$1,183,073
1.8
180
Philadelphia, PA--NJ
5,869,148,088
6,545,835,785
7,896,893,158
7,727,939,544
1,858,791,456
31.7
-168,953,614
-2.1
181
Topeka, KS
121,125,965
125,199,049
133,010,613
130,152,989
9,027,024
7.5
-2,857,624
-2.1
182
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
1,510,194,856
1,826,431,295
1,617,130,723
1,579,743,309
69,548,453
4.6
-37,387,414
-2.3
183
Gary, IN
225,347,242
267,480,658
310,598,859
303,193,457
77,846,215
34.5
-7,405,402
2.4
184
Hickory--Morganton, NC
335,244,333
397,915,417
476,068,830
464,328,927
129,084,594
38.5
-11,739,903
-2.5
185
Cedar Rapids, IA
342,381,810
363,795,140
402,216,473
391,100,051
48,718,241
14.2
-11,116,422
-2.8
186
Baton Rouge, LA
564,618,024
457,982,011
569,620,124
552,851,725
-11,766,299
-2.1
-16,768,399
-2.9
187
York, PA
751,821,132
952,004,973
973,936,039
945,100,111
193,278,979
25.7
-28,835,928
-3.0
188
Beaumont--Port Arthur, TX
87,690,448
97,015,393
118,907,224
115,377,673
27,687,225
31.6
-3,529,551
-3.0
189
Fresno, CA
673,105,211
763,407,316
714,388,494
691,807,510
18,702,299
2.8
-22,580,984
-3.2
190
Washington, DC--MD--VA--WV
7,250,600,413
7,969,302,661
8,350,434,637
8,083,517,016
832,916,603
11.5
-266,917,621
-3.2
191
Houma, LA
58,293,859
53,768,325
60,043,046
57,997,801
-296,058
-0.5
-2,045,245
-3.4
192
Galnesville, FL
62,603,224
65,747,174
91,619,239
88,265,083
25,661,859
41.0
-3,354,156
-3.7
193
Fort Wayne, IN
640,583,777
770,882,450
1,029,423,033
991,375,086
350,791,309
54.8
-38,047,947
-3.7
194
Greeley, CO
276,023,363
501,822,972
582,938,322
558,789,549
282,766,186
102.4
-24,148,773
-4.1
195
Baltimore, MD
1,783,406,722
1,868,967,765
2,209,167,884
2,110,417,170
327,010,448
18.3
-98,750,714
-4.5
196
Wichita Falls, TX
49,571,138
65,093,442
80,715,177
77,030,476
27,459,338
55.4
-3,684,701
-4.6
197
Fort Pierce--Port St. Lucie, FL
73,493,929
92,293,244
114,172,040
107,600,648
34,106,719
46.4
-6,571,392
-5.8
198
Bergen--Passaic, NJ
3,924,948,374
4,387,000,116
4,784,006,411
4,499,878,508
574,930,134
14.6
-284,127,903
-5.9
199
Jamestown, NY
156,924,124
209,363,848
256,550,359
241,230,928
84,306,804
53.7
-15,319,431
-6.0
200
Salinas, CA
294,511,763
321,950,186
359,860,179
337,623,362
43,111,599
14.6
-22,236,817
-6.2
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
19
79
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
201
Sharon, PA
$44,056,912
$40,417,455
$60,687,971
$56,908,964
$12,852,052
29.2
-$3,779,007
-6.2
202
Austin-San Marcos, TX
1,721,513,552
2,128,773,530
2,929,207,924
2,743,135,077
1,021,621,525
59.3
-186,072,847
-6.4
203
Johnson City-Kingsport--Bristol, TN--VA
1,356,660,383
1,580,777,613
1,677,496,932
1,566,531,562
209,871,179
15.5
-110,965,370
-6.6
204
Kalamazoo--Battle Creek, MI
650,330,732
868,950,604
897,345,300
836,062,385
185,731,653
28.6
-61,282,915
-6.8
205
Lima, OH
294,120,243
166,192,408
225,999,625
207,329,529
-86,790,714
-29.5
-18,670,096
-8,3
206
Dayton-Springfield, OH
2,479,866,622
2,671,308,908
2,404,843,615
2,201,505,400
-278,361,222
-11.2
-203,338,215
-8.5
207
New Haven-Meriden, CT
1,035,550,576
1,075,478,242
1,106,348,547
1,012,436,505
-23,114,071
-2.2
-93,912,042
-8.5
208
Memphis, TN-AR--MS
2,055,082,048
2,729,489,435
4,163,837,508
3,786,079,518
1,730,997,470
84.2
-377,757,990
-9.1
209
Portland, ME
355,190,640
319,515,535
373,121,011
339,151,601
-16,039,039
-4.5
-33,969,410
-9.1
210
Chattanooga, TN--GA
218,309,555
237,266,538
301,011,927
273,466,145
55,156,590
25.3
-27,545,782
-9.2
211
Flint, MI
958,923,618
1,032,050,028
1,451,712,126
1,318,808,559
359,884,941
37.5
-132,903,567
-9.2
212
Tampa-St. Petersburg--Clearwater, FL
1,295,739,290
1,835,814,338
2,116,050,399
1,921,833,422
626,094,132
48.3
-194,216,977
-9.2
213
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton, PA
266,618,289
328,151,069
431,874,490
391,991,357
125,373,068
47.0
-39,883,133
-9.2
214
Columbia, SC
212,915,343
300,390,174
343,310,841
310,848,312
97,932,969
46.0
-32,462,529
9.5
215
Worcester, MA--CT
1,017,882,516
603,792,520
757,553,224
685,676,465
-332,206,051
-32.6
-71,876,759
-9.5
216
Lansing--East Lansing, MI
185,665,447
208,627,069
224,039,124
202,208,820
16,543,373
8.9
-21,830,304
-9.7
217
Colorado Springs, CO
664,289,154
900,712,044
954,691,572
856,993,710
192,704,556
29.0
-97,697,862
-10.2
218
Stamford--Norwalk, CT
3,366,568,677
3,452,702,492
4,937,570,553
4,424,293,400
1,057,724,723
31.4
-513,277,153
-10.4
219
Newark, NJ
4,287,435,484
5,205,487,112
5,640,023,616
5,044,167,286
756,731,802
17.6
-595,856,330
-10.6
220
Charlottesville, VA
113,835,932
123,035,393
157,362,242
140,238,461
26,402,529
23.2
-17,123,781
-10.9
221
Green Bay, WI
134,096,711
187,289,675
212,672,332
188,949,597
54,852,886
40.9
-23,722,735
-11.2
222
New Bedford, MA
141,561,056
154,502,826
186,769,682
165,766,797
24,205,741
17.1
-21,002,885
-11.2
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
223
Eugene-Springfield, OR
$157,945,724
$173,094,239
$190,327,845
$168,901,955
$10,956,231
6.9
-$21,425,890
-11.3
224
Jackson, TN
108,016,037
132,547,246
175,311,228
155,209,557
47,193,520
43.7
-20,101,671
-11.5
225
New London--Norwich, CT--RI
136,538,289
141,454,049
178,198,469
157,456,952
20,918,663
15.3
-20,741,517
-11.6
226
Syracuse, NY
1,374,086,912
1,600,939,522
1,894,294,791
1,665,451,869
291,364,957
21.2
-228,842,922
-12:1
227
Muncie, IN
64,329,690
107,404,131
158,266,189
137,554,385
73,224,695
113.8
-20,711,804
-13.1
228
Benton Harbor, MI
338,674,082
368,813,560
369,319,450
317,239,307
-21,434,775
-6.3
-52,080,143
-14.1
229
Lafayette, LA
93,648,966
148,703,593
192,720,480
164,842,615
71,193,649
76.0
-27,877,865
-14.5
230
Florence, AL
29,805,559
25,747,647
29,536,657
25,245,146
-4,560,413
-15.3
-4,291,511
-14.5
231
Reno, NV
184,086,875
213,652,355
368,209,881
314,589,472
130,502,597
70.9
-53,620,409
-14.6
232
Cumberland, MD--WV
54,899,071
64,260,954
53,813,253
45,917,310
-8,981,761
-16.4
-7,895,943
-14.7
233
Bridgeport, CT
1,125,870,184
918,846,699
952,929,366
788,587,160
-337,283,024
-30.0
-164,342,206
17.2
234
Kankakee, IL
79,077,304
85,978,927
137,807,663
113,716,644
34,639,340
43.8
-24,091,019
17.5
235
Boise City, ID
1,022,745,418
1,289,820,030
1,634,971,533
1,338,529,303
315,783,885
30.9
-296,442,230
18.1
236
Huntington--Ashland, WV-KY--OH
136,550,041
162,404,065
237,186,454
193,938,404
57,388,363
42.0
-43,248,050
-18.2
237
Savannah, GA
442,485,257
423,262,228
567,520,855
459,391,636
16,906,379
3.8
-108,129,219
-19.1
238
Panama City, FL
90,907,807
121,158,683
216,486,434
174,787,075
83,879,268
92.3
-41,699,359
-19.3
239
Eau Claire, WI
289,715,835
465,707,890
399,923,268
320,595,844
30,880,009
10.7
-79,327,424
-19.8
240
Monroe, LA
77,148,746
107,119,178
167,800,817
133,964,208
56,815,462
73.6
-33,836,609
-20.2
241
Binghamton, NY
316,229,309
474,877,881
558,094,464
443,250,094
127,020,785
40.2
-114,844,370
-20.6
242
Montgomery, AL
157,828,546
231,008,786
244,100,977
192,869,812
35,041,266
22.2
-51,231,165
-21.0
243
Odessa-Midland, TX
50,028,313
68,283,389
118,157,184
92,079,910
42,051,597
84.1
-26,077,274
-22.1
244
Lake Charles, LA
56,088,346
55,910,699
64,559,699
48,199,497
-7,888,849
-14.1
-16,360,202
-25.3
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
63
64
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1995-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
245
Elkhart-Goshen, IN
$419,879,457
$460,350,316
$501,534,285
$367,464,878
-$52,414,579
-12.5
-$134,069,407
-26.7
246
Lubbock, TX
98,634,148
165,123,367
258,746,975
189,012,353
90,378,205
91.6
-69,734,622
27.0
247
Bremerton, WA
45,021,656
54,582,146
109,800,268
79,868,261
34,846,605
77.4
-29,932,007
-27.3
248
Anchorage, AK
128,778,773
198,191,709
150,417,105
108,977,114
-19,801,659
-15.4
-41,439,991
27.6
249
Trenton, NJ
223,768,152
237,501,682
392,472,201
267,846,893
44,078,741
19.7
-124,625,308
-31.8
250
Erie, PA
311,583,551
285,447,671
490,769,564
321,857,103
10,273,552
3.3
-168,912,461
-34.4
251
Danville, VA
172,993,844
202,726,598
155,744,244
89,126,788
-83,867,056
-48.5
-66,617,456
-42.8
252
Florence, SC
66,283,137
117,219,848
249,016,278
121,575,880
55,292,743
83.4
-127,440,398
-51.2
253
Biloxi-Gulfport--Pascagoula, MS
108,136,162
281,603,418
281,039,517
119,916,297
11,780,135
10.9
-161,123,220
-57.3
--
Las Vegas, NV--AZ
166,604,475
144,836,836
NA*
NA*
--
-
-
-
-
Dutchess County, NY
796,549,566
980,569,435
NA*
NA*
--
--
:
:
--
Brazoria, TX
1,475,063,152
1,760,999,069
NA*
NA*
:
--
--
Metro Sample Subtotal
$372,364,446,957
$415,158,980,050
$467,658,417,296
$494,486,601,470
$122,122,154,513
32.8
$26,828,184,174
5.7
Other Metropolitan Areas
$17,525,318,481
$21,238,229,007
$30,744,923,413
$30,793,258,279
$13,267,939,798
75.7
$48,334,866
0.2
Non-Metropolitan Areas
$25,932,850,636
$29,367,119,815
$34,188,840,211
$36,891,974,150
$10,959,123,514
42.3
$2,703,133,939
7.9
Crossovers
$10,146,130,349
$11,085,648,282
$13,376,085,543
$16,339,329,190
$6,193,198,841
61.0
$2,963,243,647
22.2
Unknown
$38,889,607,551
$35,565,632,057
$37,062,258,026
$44,315,899,860
$5,426,292,309
14.0
$7,253,641,834
19.6
Total U.S. Merchandise Exports
$464,858,353,974
$512,415,609,211
$583,030,524,489
$622,827,062,949
$157,968,708,975
34.0
$39,796,538,460
6.8
NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Exporter Location Series
Prepared by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
1
San Jose, CA
$16,171,568,261
$19,942,678,387
$26,822,811,883
$29,331,297,057
$13,159,728,796
81.4
$2,508,485,174
9.4
2
Detroit, MI
16,780,888,732
27,469,655,137
27,314,657,428
27,531,231,354
10,750,342,622
64.1
216,573,926
0.8
3
Chicago, IL
14,446,576,063
17,333,603,392
21,083,418,213
22,030,068,072
7,583,492,009
52.5
946,649,859
4.5
4
Los Angeles--Long Beach, CA
20,013,560,462
22,224,814,589
24,730,951,600
24,437,944,781
4,424,384,319
22.1
-293,006,819
-1.2
5
Houston, TX
12,284,565,944
13,388,170,043
16,247,880,035
16,541,462,510
4,256,896,566
34.7
293,582,475
1.8
6
Portland--Vancouver, OR--WA
5,698,522,232
6,448,826,945
8,931,311,703
9,234,314,656
3,535,792,424
62.0
303,002,953
3.4
7
Phoenix--Mesa, AZ
4,498,943,416
5,561,093,693
6,780,426,107
7,912,059,679
3,413,116,263
75.9
1,131,633,572
16.7
8
Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI
9,003,818,021
8,863,530,759
11,071,821,888
12,383,978,644
3,380,160,623
37.5
1,312,156,756
11.9
9
Oakland, CA
4,181,477,503
5,113,244,018
6,372,462,719
7,309,195,498
3,127,717,995
74.8
936,732,779
14.7
10
Orange County, CA
5,653,367,750
6,715,981,650
8,041,081,422
8,309,267,047
2,655,899,297
47.0
268,185,625
3.3
11
Miami, FL
8,264,303,946
9,266,745,514
10,200,814,784
10,681,235,944
2,416,931,998
29.2
480,421,160
4.7
12
San Diego, CA
4,357,749,356
4,867,278,411
5,860,939,776
6,719,405,217
2,361,655,861
54.2
858,465,441
14.6
13
Dallas, TX
4,817,639,383
5,679,710,931
6,870,413,661
7,096,879,121
2,279,239,738
47.3
226,465,460
3.3
14
El Paso, TX
2,967,026,906
3,561,263,422
4,120,776,696
5,212,688,891
2,245,661,985
75.7
1,091,912,195
26.5
15
Boston, MA--NH
6,472,471,061
7,095,349,390
7,902,660,426
8,715,803,698
2,243,332,637
34.7
813,143,272
10.3
16
Atlanta, GA
3,870,588,791
4,739,123,635
5,811,439,296
5,891,451,390
2,020,862,599
52.2
80,012,094
1.4
17
Philadelphia, PA--NJ
5,869,148,088
6,545,835,785
7,896,893,158
7,727,939,544
1,858,791,456
31.7
-168,953,614
-2.1
18
Kansas City, MO--KS
2,225,900,542
2,578,559,820
3,350,169,565
3,985,072,561
1,759,172,019
79.0
634,902,996
19.0
19
Memphis, TN--AR--MS
2,055,082,048
2,729,489,435
4,163,837,508
3,786,079,518
1,730,997,470
84.2
-377,757,990
-9.1
20
Richmond--Petersburg, VA
4,012,150,525
5,260,571,495
5,389,333,310
5,609,351,827
1,597,201,302
39.8
220,018,517
4.1
21
Cleveland--Lorain--Elyria OH
3,582,759,333
4,093,322,966
4,706,990,680
5,075,165,450
1,492,406,117
41.7
$368,174,770
7.8
22
Indianapolis, IN
2,626,625,792
3,003,834,284
3,555,924,896
4,012,774,870
1,386,149,078
52.8
456,849,974
12.8
23
Milwaukee--Waukesha, WI
2,337,304,875
2,913,544,707
3,506,904,100
3,717,211,269
1,379,906,394
59.0
210,307,169
6.0
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
65
66
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
24
New Orleans, LA
$2,034,209,302
$2,326,231,047
$3,037,819,182
$3,316,761,379
$1,282,552,077
63.0
$278,942,197
9.2
25
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
664,331,713
857,420,329
1,408,245,395
1,943,146,539
1,278,814,826
192.5
534,901,144
38.0
26
Greenville-Spartanburg--Anderson SC
1,462,111,636
1,745,019,520
2,305,311,475
2,720,417,114
1,258,305,478
86.1
415,105,639
18.0
27
Rochester, NY
3,091,528,731
3,143,661,788
3,860,521,321
4,307,693,737
1,216,165,006
39.3
447,172,416
11.6
28
Wilmington--Newark, DE--MD
3,423,784,336
3,720,373,054
4,361,105,684
4,551,095,892
1,127,311,556
32.9
189,990,208
4.4
29
Buffalo--Niagara Falls, NY
1,135,152,775
1,569,651,215
2,295,800,493
2,262,227,981
1,127,075,206
99.3
-33,572,512
-1.5
30
St. Louis, MO-IL
3,399,997,362
3,673,337,340
3,997,677,665
4,497,447,213
1,097,449,851
32.3
499,769,548
12.5
31
Stamford-Norwalk, CT
3,366,568,677
3,452,702,492
4,937,570,553
4,424,293,400
1,057,724,723
31.4
-513,277,153
-10.4
32
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-Iligh Point, NC
2,453,096,262
2,773,310,009
3,356,262,119
3,495,638,996
1,042,542,734
42.5
139,376,877
4.2
33
Austin--San Marcos, TX
1,721,513,552
2,128,773,530
2,929,207,924
2,743,135,077
1,021,621,525
59.3
-186,072,847
-6.4
34
Raleigh--Durham--Chapel Hill, NC
1,620,883,787
1,758,672,814
2,093,206,440
2,609,827,686
988,943,899
61.0
516,621,246
24.7
35
Grand Rapids--Muskegon-Holland, MI
1,704,959,504
1,993,494,017
2,304,077,070
2,656,497,290
951,537,786
55.8
352,420,220
15.3
36
Pittsburgh, PA
2,989,745,222
3,150,609,651
3,982,169,190
3,933,686,687
943,941,465
31.6
-48,482,503
-1.2
37
Riverside--San Bernardino, CA
1,093,799,058
1,458,849,995
1,856,457,174
1,982,059,899
888,260,841
81.2
125,602,725
6.8
38
Cincinnati, OH-KY--IN
3,898,151,122
4,056,505,886
4,256,652,673
4,784,139,630
885,988,508
22.7
527,486,957
12.4
39
Nassau--Suffolk, NY
2,803,215,823
2,866,271,135
3,558,627,404
3,680,169,225
876,953,402
31.3
121,541,821
3.4
40
Lexington, KY
624,190,496
1,078,565,940
1,235,008,709
1,499,918,569
875,728,073
140.3
264,909,860
21.5
41
Sacramento, CA
1,075,600,748
1,087,946,958
1,448,341,678
1,908,647,897
833,047,149
77.4
460,306,219
31.8
42
Washington, DC--MD--VA--WV
7,250,600,413
7,969,302,661
8,350,434,637
8,083,517,016
832,916,603
11.5
-266,917,621
-3.2
43
Akron, OH
1,434,941,835
1,606,289,098
1,931,665,315
2,260,274,977
825,333,142
57.5
328,609,662
17.0
44
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
2,840,560,943
3,035,890,854
3,448,093,348
3,628,085,216
787,524,273
27.7
179,991,868
5.2
45
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
1,600,206,447
2,052,001,428
1,915,014,056
2,372,702,547
772,496,100
48.3
457,688,491
23.9
46
Newark, NJ
4,287,435,484
5,205,487,112
5,640,023,616
5,044,167,286
756,731,802
17.6
-595,856,330
-10.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
47
Charlotte--Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
$1,563,724,843
$1,782,827,269
$2,087,969,592
$2,291,296,199
$727,571,356
46.5
$203,326,607
9.7
48
Brownsville-Harlingen--San Benito, TX
1,904,365,994
2,113,361,920
2,245,917,188
2,612,576,717
708,210,723
37.2
366,659,529
16.3
49
Louisville, KY-IN
1,673,848,467
1,798,846,995
2,199,762,270
2,327,058,039
653,209,572
39.0
127,295,769
5.8
50
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
1,295,739,290
1,835,814,338
2,116,050,399
1,921,833,422
626,094,132
48.3
-194,216,977
-9.2
51
Norfolk-Va. Beach--New. News, VA-NC
677,160,364
807,674,367
1,005,516,040
1,256,850,424
579,690,060
85.6
251,334,384
25.0
52
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
3,924,948,374
4,387,000,116
4,784,006,411
4,499,878,508
574,930,134
14.6
-284,127,903
-5.9
53
Denver, CO
930,959,714
1,089,812,265
1,385,281,758
1,502,864,847
571,905,133
61.4
117,583,089
8.5
54
Fayetteville-Springdale--Rogers AR
250,351,519
433,823,178
669,265,366
801,202,632
550,851,113
220.0
131,937,266
19.7
55
Fort Lauderdalo, FL
1,321,447,890
1,506,662,094
1,774,654,135
1,864,517,768
543,069,878
41.1
89,863,633
5.1
56
Hartford, CT
1,926,096,785
1,967,053,061
2,167,602,843
2,415,985,216
489,888,431
25.4
248,382,373
11.5
57
San Antonio, TX
563,927,642
656,275,677
771,089,223
1,049,964,571
486,036,929
86.2
278,875,348
36.2
58
Albuquerque, NM
256,688,708
335,480,983
270,083,340
740,349,310
483,660,602
188.4
470,265,970
174.1
59
Davenport-Moline--Rock Island, IA--IL
1,102,557,510
1,098,869,468
1,291,031,098
1,576,122,832
473,565,322
43.0
285,091,734
22.1
60
Wichita, KS
1,443,978,238
1,540,557,637
1,727,720,231
1,916,811,573
472,833,335
32.7
189,091,342
10.9
61
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT
1,660,879,322
1,808,673,252
1,838,150,726
2,111,534,068
450,654,746
27.1
273,383,342
14.9
62
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA
339,161,096
535,012,238
600,972,744
775,520,056
436,358,960
128.7
174,547,312
29.0
63
Albany-Schenectady--Troy, NY
676,205,811
831,365,928
1,061,193,724
1,101,028,734
424,822,923
62.8
39,835,010
3.8
64
Saginaw--Bay City--Midland, MI
855,413,629
776,806,698
1,035,564,698
1,254,463,776
399,050,147
46.6
218,899,078
21.1
65
Toledo, OH
836,073,213
986,928,080
1,177,715,491
1,207,523,437
371,450,224
44.4
29,807,946
2.5
66
Flint, MI
958,923,618
1,032,050,028
1,451,712,126
1,318,808,559
359,884,941
37.5
-132,903,567
-9.2
67
Fort Wayne, IN
640,583,777
770,882,450
1,029,423,033
991,375,086
350,791,309
54.8
-38,047,947
-3.7
68
Nashville, TN
1,104,100,985
1,310,492,235
1,412,347,520
1,445,492,486
341,391,501
30.9
33,144,966
2.3
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
67
68
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
69
Columbus, OH
$1,167,012,557
$1,295,467,590
$1,358,161,052
$1,497,159,962
$330,147,405
28.3
$138,998,910
10.2
70
Kokomo, IN
1,727,479,804
1,858,412,518
1,648,872,292
2,056,420,227
328,940,423
19.0
407,547,935
24.7
71
Baltimore, MD
1,783,406,722
1,868,967,765
2,209,167,884
2,110,417,170
327,010,448
18.3
-98,750,714
-4.5
72
Ventura, CA
640,298,267
698,677,973
953,380,827
967,262,858
326,964,591
51.1
13,882,031
1.5
73
Huntsville, AL
573,554,075
672,092,188
828,966,491
899,067,821
325,513,746
56.8
70,101,330
8.5
74
Melbourne--Titusville--Palm Bay, FL
315,249,458
315,942,399
310,089,285
634,964,140
319,714,682
101.4
324,874,855
104.8
75
Boise City, ID
1,022,745,418
1,289,820,030
1,634,971,533
1,338,529,303
315,783,885
30.9
-296,442,230
-18.1
76
South Bend, IN
179,719,461
160,344,125
389,474,396
494,799,575
315,080,114
175.3
105,325,179
27.0
77
Tucson, AZ
487,122,690
638,117,582
671,722,641
800,051,534
312,928,844
64.2
128,328,893
19.1
78
Omaha, NE--IA
299,777,818
393,250,149
425,917,469
608,290,193
308,512,375
102.9
182,372,724
42.8
79
Syracuse, NY
1,374,086,912
1,600,939,522
1,894,294,791
1,665,451,869
291,364,957
21.2
-228,842,922
-12.1
80
Orlando, FL
930,363,743
848,511,709
968,815,689
1,218,957,095
288,593,352
31.0
250,141,406
25.8
81
Greeley, CO
276,023,363
501,822,972
582,938,322
558,789,549
282,766,186
102.4
-24,148,773
-4.1
82
Tulsa, OK
1,273,003,720
1,240,953,373
1,485,149,429
1,549,607,614
276,603,894
21.7
64,458,185
4.3
83
Santa Rosa, CA
409,067,069
485,151,372
572,939,426
681,824,903
272,757,834
66.7
108,885,477
19.0
84
Jacksonville, FL
404,853,481
500,395,802
604,065,516
676,984,833
272,131,352
67.2
72,919,317
12.1
85
Lowell, MA--NH
867,466,548
890,090,652
1,079,890,413
1,119,944,606
252,478,058
29.1
40,054,193
3.7
86
Bakersfield, CA
480,657,214
780,376,616
730,542,493
721,272,772
240,615,558
50.1
-9,269,721
-1.3
87
Charleston, WV
178,938,582
277,595,846
394,361,940
412,150,338
233,211,756
130.3
17,788,398
4.5
88
Santa Barbara--Santa Maria--Lompoc, CA
424,028,623
420,154,380
565,199,094
647,994,553
223,965,930
52.8
82,795,459
14.6
89
Lancaster, PA
406,093,457
469,339,181
581,528,332
626,224,665
220,131,208
54.2
44,696,333
7.7
90
Augusta--Aiken, GA--SC
227,431,785
326,301,958
405,182,720
443,887,586
216,455,801
95.2
38,704,866
9.6
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
91
Danbury, CT
$316,699,123
$392,955,842
$421,570,014
$531,919,512
$215,220,389
68.0
$110,349,498
26.2
92
Lawrence, MA--NH
822,630,081
806,416,721
841,677,880
1,033,637,404
211,007,323
25.7
191,959,524
22.8
93
Johnson City--Kingsport-Bristol, TN--VA
1,356,660,383
1,580,777,613
1,677,496,932
1,566,531,562
209,871,179
15.5
-110,965,370
-6.6
94
Allentown--Bethlehem-Easton, PA
1,273,864,662
1,371,116,128
1,492,805,120
1,477,242,953
203,378,291
16.0
-15,562,167
-1.0
95
Rockford, IL
521,617,189
616,148,483
641,362,969
721,885,172
200,267,983
38.4
80,522,203
12.6
96
York, PA
751,821,132
952,004,973
973,936,039
945,100,111
193,278,979
25.7
-28,835,928
-3.0
97
Colorado Springs, CO
664,289,154
900,712,044
954,691,572
856,993,710
192,704,556
29.0
-97,697,862
-10.2
98
West Palm Beach--Boca Raton, FL
764,832,660
834,284,026
897,955,077
955,845,660
191,013,000
25.0
57,890,583
6.4
99
Terre Haute, IN
67,300,401
88,796,473
163,624,858
253,692,171
186,391,770
277.0
90,067,313
55.0
100
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI
650,330,732
868,950,604
897,345,300
836,062,385
185,731,653
28.6
-61,282,915
-6.8
101
Fort Collins--Loveland, CO
284,313,777
354,461,962
373,863,044
468,123,621
183,809,844
64.7
94,260,577
25.2
102
Knoxville, TN
580,408,061
689,179,313
633,188,407
764,136,758
183,728,697
31.7
130,948,351
20.7
103
La Crosse, WI--MN
90,557,886
93,073,270
276,216,972
273,185,399
182,627,513
201.7
-3,031,573
-1.1
104
Madison, WI
357,688,184
417,083,076
497,461,686
522,408,188
164,720,004
46.1
24,946,502
5.0
105
Modesto, CA
201,050,014
236,677,694
279,172,075
359,600,993
158,550,979
78.9
80,428,918
28.8
106
Canton--Massillon, OH
250,176,671
315,936,317
377,170,351
405,984,758
155,808,087
62.3
28,814,407
7.6
107
Wilmington, NC
147,065,129
180,669,050
211,669,917
301,741,446
154,676,317
105.2
90,071,529
42.6
108
Providence-Fall River--Warwick, RI--MA
1,141,672,997
1,246,010,092
1,241,013,577
1,296,244,192
154,571,195
13.5
55,230,615
4.5
109
Jersey City, NJ
986,218,379
1,351,240,038
1,159,861,493
1,140,757,309
154,538,930
15.7
-19,104,184
-1.6
110
Springfield, MA
389,756,278
434,774,121
512,080,162
530,285,756
140,529,478
36.1
18,205,594
3.6
111
Provo-Orem, UT
170,392,982
200,188,228
201,586,009
301,871,095
131,478,113
77.2
100,285,086
49.7
112
Reno, NV
184,086,875
213,652,355
368,209,881
314,589,472
130,502,597
70.9
-53,620,409
-14.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
69
70
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
113
Hickory-Morganton, NC
$335,244,333
$397,915,417
$476,068,830
$464,328,927
$129,084,594
38.5
-$11,739,903
-2.5
114
Racine, WI
365,126,982
403,153,387
335,105,671
493,169,111
128,042,129
35.1
158,063,440
47.2
115
Binghamton, NY
316,229,309
474,877,881
558,094,464
443,250,094
127,020,785
40.2
-114,844,370
-20.6
116
Elmira, NY
70,198,940
116,821,840
139,477,729
196,874,347
126,675,407
180.5
57,396,618
41.2
117
Champaign--Urbane, IL
87,761,650
89,340,648
103,420,926
214,408,931
126,647,281
144.3
110,988,005
107.3
118
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, PA
266,618,289
328,151,069
431,874,490
391,991,357
125,373,068
47.0
-39,883,133
-9.2
119
Lynchburg, VA
143,245,862
152,545,285
192,136,774
258,838,467
115,592,605
80.7
66,701,693
34.7
120
Sherman--Denison, TX
34,708,511
36,149,343
90,719,027
147,488,586
112,780,075
324.9
56,769,559
62.6
121
Portsmouth-Rochester, NH--ME
464,982,176
470,164,517
553,568,018
574,770,128
109,787,952
23.6
21,202,110
3.8
122
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA
171,714,634
263,959,185
238,117,982
277,981,454
106,266,820
61.9
39,863,472
16.7
123
Monmouth--Ocean, NJ
373,365,625
410,212,800
471,772,839
478,195,651
104,830,026
28.1
6,422,812
1.4
124
Mobile, AL
356,694,800
395,275,506
415,827,287
459,850,316
103,155,516
28.9
44,023,029
10.6
125
Pittsfield, MA
77,167,991
112,240,264
151,883,168
175,533,111
98,365,120
127.5
23,649,943
15.6
126
Waterloo--Cedar Falls, IA
102,706,259
149,660,963
194,610,804
200,919,265
98,213,006
95.6
6,308,461
3.2
127
Columbia, SC
212,915,343
300,390,174
343,310,841
310,848,312
97,932,969
46.0
-32,462,529
-9.5
128
Evansville--Henderson, IN--KY
448,533,992
487,403,232
525,072,223
545,087,640
96,553,648
21.5
20,015,417
3.8
129
Spokane, WA
254,379,191
269,397,539
310,892,214
347,879,499
93,500,308
36.8
36,987,285
11.9
130
Birmingham, AL
533,867,447
453,848,201
550,542,807
625,776,105
91,908,658
17.2
75,233,298
13.7
131
Manchester, NH
107,047,205
115,302,567
146,299,420
198,253,604
91,206,399
85.2
51,954,184
35.5
132
Dubuque, IA
93,056,279
177,562,181
180,739,813
183,518,483
90,462,204
97.2
2,778,670
1.5
133
Lubbock, TX
98,634,148
165,123,367
258,746,975
189,012,353
90,378,205
91.6
-69,734,622
-27.0
134
Jackson, MS
141,225,513
154,261,115
203,013,240
231,400,561
90,175,048
63.9
28,387,321
14.0
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
135
Utica--Rome, NY
$188,304,048
$269,316,483
$237,987,015
$277,993,379
$89,689,331
47.6
$40,006,364
16.8
136
Des Moines, IA
337,182,965
348,931,102
378,548,963
426,016,806
88,833,841
26.3
47,467,843
12.5
137
Bloomington, IN
113,645,558
115,744,973
127,555,248
198,831,576
85,186,018
75.0
71,276,328
55.9
138
Jamestown, NY
156,924,124
209,363,848
256,550,359
241,230,928
84,306,804
53.7
-15,319,431
-6.0
139
Panama City, FL
90,907,807
121,158,683
216,486,434
174,787,075
83,879,268
92.3
-41,699,359
-19.3
140
Appleton--Oshkosh-Neenal, WI
529,528,092
507,733,459
593,726,456
608,520,939
78,992,847
14.9
14,794,483
2.5
141
Honolulu, HI
187,787,670
215,515,649
228,238,973
265,744,355
77,956,685
41.5
37,505,382
16.4
142
Gary, IN
225,347,242
267,480,658
310,598,859
303,193,457
77,846,215
34.5
-7,405,402
-2.4
143
Sheboygan, WI
207,104,066
244,345,672
258,743,314
283,283,524
76,179,458
36.8
24,540,210
9.5
144
Roanoke, VA
164,041,683
195,937,140
231,349,346
238,327,106
74,285,423
45.3
6,977,760
3.0
145
Muncie, IN
64,329,690
107,404,131
158,266,189
137,554,385
73,224,695
113.8
-20,711,804
-13.1
146
Lafayette, LA
93,648,966
148,703,593
192,720,480
164,842,615
71,193,649
76.0
-27,877,865
-14.5
147
Stockton--Lodi, CA
287,530,164
320,346,532
355,657,574
357,792,099
70,261,935
24.4
2,134,525
0.6
148
Fargo--Moorhead, ND--MN
111,847,927
137,258,753
155,009,615
181,892,036
70,044,109
62.6
26,882,421
17.3
149
McAllen--Edinburg-Mission, TX
1,510,194,856
1,826,431,295
1,617,130,723
1,579,743,309
69,548,453
4.6
-37,387,414
-2.3
150
Columbus, GA--AL
183,841,381
172,771,815
245,349,953
253,155,187
69,313,806
37.7
7,805,234
3.2
151
Bellingham, WA
206,776,814
210,652,470
253,540,383
275,373,942
68,597,128
33.2
21,833,559
8.6
152
Tacoma, WA
1,115,321,445
774,869,018
1,098,921,428
1,179,693,490
64,372,045
5.8
80,772,062
7.4
153
Shreveport--Bossier City, LA
108,426,809
134,649,484
169,129,758
172,614,442
64,187,633
59.2
3,484,684
2.1
154
Macon, GA
160,523,442
173,275,765
197,552,052
220,086,420
59,562,978
37.1
22,534,368
11.4
155
Longview-Marshall, TX
84,953,839
97,254,225
121,156,896
144,152,404
59,198,565
69.7
22,995,508
19.0
156
Lafayette, IN
75,176,012
74,907,687
116,206,271
133,217,699
58,041,687
77.2
17,011,428
14.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
71
72
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
157
St. Joseph, MO
$36,880,396
$39,198,221
$49,580,703
$94,412,765
$57,532,369
156.0
$44,832,062
90.4
158
Huntington--Ashland, WV--KY--OH
136,550,041
162,404,065
237,186,454
193,938,404
57,388,363
42.0
-43,248,050
-18.2
159
Monroe, LA
77,148,746
107,119,178
167,800,817
133,964,208
56,815,462
73.6
-33,836,609
-20.2
160
Salem, OR
66,294,376
72,944,150
111,955,642
123,012,597
56,718,221
85.6
11,056,955
9.9
161
Florence, SC
66,283,137
117,219,848
249,016,278
121,575,880
55,292,743
83.4
-127,440,398
-51.2
162
Chattanooga, TN--GA
218,309,555
237,266,538
301,011,927
273,466,145
55,156,590
25.3
-27,545,782
-9.2
163
Corpus Christi, TX
186,763,368
153,571,047
162,390,036
241,770,221
55,006,853
29.5
79,380,185
48.9
164
Green Bay, WI
134,096,711
187,289,675
212,672,332
188,949,597
54,852,886
40.9
-23,722,735
-11.2
165
Lakeland--Winter Haven, FL
187,019,764
199,172,933
237,674,306
241,524,956
54,505,192
29.1
3,850,650
1.6
166
Brockton, MA
106,999,711
113,104,954
143,965,005
159,706,529
52,706,818
49.3
15,741,524
10.9
167
Decatur, AL
42,334,717
54,467,829
65,584,180
91,562,675
49,227,958
116.3
25,978,495
39.6
168
Cedar Rapids, IA
342,381,810
363,795,140
402,216,473
391,100,051
48,718,241
14.2
-11,116,422
-2.8
169
Jackson, TN
108,016,037
132,547,246
175,311,228
155,209,557
47,193,520
43.7
-20,101,671
-11.5
170
Williamsport, PA
105,193,832
123,284,392
150,363,429
150,990,732
45,796,900
43.5
627,303
0.4
171
Mansfield, OH
367,635,806
349,887,597
394,923,680
412,977,971
45,342,165
12.3
18,054,291
4.6
172
Trenton, NJ
223,768,152
237,501,682
392,472,201
267,846,893
44,078,741
19.7
-124,625,308
-31.8
173
Salinas, CA
294,511,763
321,950,186
359,860,179
337,623,362
43,111,599
14.6
-22,236,817
-6.2
174
Odessa--Midland, TX
50,028,313
68,283,389
118,157,184
92,079,910
42,051,597
84.1
-26,077,274
-22.1
175
Hamilton--Middletown, OH
49,285,459
66,255,465
78,347,581
90,124,695
40,839,236
82.9
11,777,114
15.0
176
Yakima, WA
135,844,953
147,573,341
168,855,673
176,029,254
40,184,301
29.6
7,173,581
4.2
177
Rochester, MN
53,026,135
72,680,026
93,938,469
92,865,882
39,839,747
75.1
-1,072,587
-1.1
178
Springfield, MO
81,120,882
103,823,081
120,177,601
120,348,771
39,227,889
48.4
171,170
0.1
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
179
Altoona, PA
$42,603,769
$46,387,634
$74,185,381
$80,174,812
$37,571,043
88.2
$5,989,431
8.1
180
Texarkana, TX--Texarkana, AR
26,687,418
24,643,159
52,232,066
64,067,528
37,380,110
140.1
11,835,462
22.7
181
Lincoln, NE
188,537,132
207,173,028
208,814,167
225,253,497
36,716,365
19.5
16,439,330
7.9
182
Montgomery, AL
157,828,546
231,008,786
244,100,977
192,869,812
35,041,266
22.2
-51,231,165
-21.0
183
Bremerton, WA
45,021,656
54,582,146
109,800,268
79,868,261
34,846,605
77.4
-29,932,007
-27.3
184
Kankakee, IL
79,077,304
85,978,927
137,807,663
113,716,644
34,639,340
43.8
-24,091,019
-17.5
185
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL
73,493,929
92,293,244
114,172,040
107,600,648
34,106,719
46.4
-6,571,392
-5.8
186
Waterbury, CT
187,546,346
179,607,116
207,604,200
221,590,398
34,044,052
18.2
13,986,198
6.7
187
Youngstown--Warren, OH
189,252,547
185,274,524
225,931,777
223,130,048
33,877,501
17.9
-2,801,729
-1.2
188
Jackson, MI
95,465,271
96,270,060
98,478,171
128,123,008
32,657,737
34.2
29,644,837
30.1
189
Eau Claire, WI
289,715,835
465,707,890
399,923,268
320,595,844
30,880,009
10.7
-79,327,424
-19.8
190
Janesville--Beloit, WI
76,566,963
76,345,916
80,211,725
107,079,063
30,512,100
39.9
26,867,338
33.5
191
Beaumont--Port Arthur, TX
87,690,448
97,015,393
118,907,224
115,377,673
27,687,225
31.6
-3,529,551
-3.0
192
Pine Bluff, AR
125,339,370
152,458,519
153,661,930
152,836,774
27,497,404
21.9
-825,156
-0.5
193
Wichita Falls, TX
49,571,138
65,093,442
80,715,177
77,030,476
27,459,338
55.4
-3,684,701
-4.6
194
Kenosha, WI
126,851,361
117,674,203
133,917,838
154,262,351
27,410,990
21.6
20,344,513
15.2
195
Charlottesville, VA
113,835,932
123,035,393
157,362,242
140,238,461
26,402,529
23.2
-17,123,781
-10.9
196
Wausau, WI
122,465,071
113,577,562
117,277,854
148,856,115
26,391,044
21.5
31,578,261
26.9
197
Albany, GA
26,396,462
31,809,840
31,496,956
52,462,198
26,065,736
98.7
20,965,242
66.6
198
Gainesville, FL
62,603,224
65,747,174
91,619,239
88,265,083
25,661,859
41.0
-3,354,156
-3.7
199
Reading, PA
300,573,485
271,606,223
293,424,354
326,183,744
25,610,259
8.5
32,759,390
11.2
200
New Bedford, MA
141,561,056
154,502,826
186,769,682
165,766,797
24,205,741
17.1
-21,002,885
-11.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
73
74
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
201
Visalia--Tulare-Porterville, CA
$119,558,653
$107,684,069
$120,628,108
$143,732,226
$24,173,573
20.2
$23,104,118
19.2
202
New London-Norwich, CT--RI
136,538,289
141,454,049
178,198,469
157,456,952
20,918,663
15.3
-20,741,517
-11.6
203
Redding, CA
32,253,405
28,625,590
40,979,118
53,002,385
20,748,980
64.3
12,023,267
29.3
204
Naples, FL
55,573,932
55,984,555
75,004,316
75,953,612
20,379,680
36.7
949,296
1.3
205
Joplin, MO
52,132,423
44,601,213
50,323,854
71,444,652
19,312,229
37.0
21,120,798
42.0
206
Fresno, CA
673,105,211
763,407,316
714,388,494
691,807,510
18,702,299
2.8
-22,580,984
-3.2
207
Savannah, GA
442,485,257
423,262,228
567,520,855
459,391,636
16,906,379
3.8
-108,129,219
-19.1
208
Lansing--East Lansing, MI
185,665,447
208,627,069
224,039,124
202,208,820
16,543,373
8.9
-21,830,304
-9.7
209
Columbia, MO
42,934,889
50,173,690
51,134,313
57,875,367
14,940,478
34.8
6,741,054
13.2
210
Sharon, PA
44,056,912
40,417,455
60,687,971
56,908,964
12,852,052
29.2
-3,779,007
-6.2
211
Biloxi--Gulfport--Pascagouia, MS
108,136,162
281,603,418
281,039,517
119,916,297
11,780,135
10.9
-161,123,220
-57.3
212
Springfield, IL
23,906,115
29,803,555
35,098,601
35,549,360
11,643,245
48.7
450,759
1.3
213
Tallahassee, FL
16,093,067
18,726,647
24,234,828
27,238,349
11,145,282
69.3
3,003,521
12.4
214
Yuba City, CA
62,846,552
61,460,656
70,525,176
73,968,565
11,122,013
17.7
3,443,389
4.9
215
Fayetteville, NC
54,326,862
57,909,024
66,594,236
65,411,163
11,084,301
20.4
-1,183,073
-1.8
216
Eugene--Springfield, OR
157,945,724
173,094,239
190,327,845
168,901,955
10,956,231
6.9
-21,425,890
-11.3
217
Erie, PA
311,583,551
285,447,671
490,769,564
321,857,103
10,273,552
3.3
-168,912,461
-34.4
218
Little Rock--North Little Rock, AR
200,140,443
218,993,515
193,608,620
210,392,349
10,251,906
5.1
16,783,729
8.7
219
Topeka, KS
121,125,965
125,199,049
133,010,613
130,152,989
9,027,024
7.5
-2,857,624
-2.1
220
Wheeling, WV--OH
7,365,382
10,755,481
9,028,702
15,125,019
7,759,637
105.4
6,096,317
67.5
221
Richland--Kennewick-Pasco, WA
220,336,299
271,566,682
146,593,593
228,095,357
7,759,058
3.5
81,501,764
55.6
222
Chico--Paradise, CA
71,040,934
77,167,326
70,136,604
78,132,866
7,091,932
10.0
7,996,262
11.4
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
223
Alexandria, LA
$15,789,189
$16,932,546
$18,691,822
$21,630,915
$5,841,726
37.0
$2,939,093
15.7
224
Oklahoma City, OK
478,853,383
488,563,315
485,802,939
483,903,128
5,049,745
1.1
-1,899,811
-0.4
225
Asheville, NC
232,281,062
228,597,097
185,185,417
236,684,245
4,403,183
1.9
51,498,828
27.8
226
Nashua, NH
290,190,543
235,398,399
282,231,639
291,331,113
1,140,570
0.4
9,099,474
3.2
227
Lawrence, KS
5,238,501
6,243,631
4,081,278
5,737,754
499,253
9.5
1,656,476
40.6
228
Houma, LA
58,293,859
53,768,325
60,043,046
57,997,801
-296,058
-0.5
-2,045,245
-3.4
229
Pensacola, FL
38,763,014
34,047,544
32,206,869
36,836,435
-1,926,579
-5.0
4,629,566
14.4
230
Charleston--North Charleston, SC
597,253,189
388,467,350
501,582,266
595,060,549
-2,192,640
-0.4
93,478,283
18.6
231
Florence, AL
29,805,559
25,747,647
29,536,657
25,245,146
-4,560,413
-15.3
-4,291,511
-14.5
232
Sarasota--Bradenton, FL
186,880,624
187,363,643
182,764,975
180,242,798
-6,637,826
-3.6
-2,522,177
-1.4
233
Lake Charles, LA
56,088,346
55,910,699
64,559,699
48,199,497
-7,888,849
-14.1
-16,360,202
-25.3
234
Cumberland, MD--WV
54,899,071
64,260,954
53,813,253
45,917,310
-8,981,761
-16.4
-7,895,943
-14.7
235
Baton Rouge, LA
564,618,024
457,982,011
569,620,124
552,851,725
-11,766,299
-2.1
-16,768,399
-2.9
236
Portland, ME
355,190,640
319,515,535
373,121,011
339,151,601
-16,039,039
-4.5
-33,969,410
-9.1
237
Anchorage, AK
128,778,773
198,191,709
150,417,105
108,977,114
-19,801,659
-15.4
-41,439,991
-27.6
238
Benton Harbor, MI
338,674,082
368,813,560
369,319,450
317,239,307
-21,434,775
-6.3
-52,080,143
-14.1
239
New Haven--Meriden, CT
1,035,550,576
1,075,478,242
1,106,348,547
1,012,436,505
-23,114,071
-2.2
-93,912,042
-8.5
240
Daytona Beach, FL
140,472,143
110,299,169
85,854,725
111,657,267
-28,814,876
-20.5
25,802,542
30.1
241
Elkhart--Goshen, IN
419,879,457
460,350,316
501,534,285
367,464,878
-52,414,579
-12.5
-134,069,407
-26.7
242
Danville, VA
172,993,844
202,726,598
155,744,244
89,126,788
83,867,056
-48.5
-66,617,456
-42.8
243
Lima, OH
294,120,243
166,192,408
225,999,625
207,329,529
-86,790,714
-29.5
-18,670,096
-8.3
244
Parkersburg--Marietta, WV--OH
298,770,507
313,640,061
186,564,081
211,945,118
-86,825,389
-29.1
25,381,037
13.6
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
75
76
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Dollar Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
245
New York, NY
$28,192,821,918
$23,543,749,240
$27,131,083,725
$27,970,506,919
$222,314,999
-0.8
$839,423,194
3.1
246
Newburgh, NY-PA
382,276,236
152,834,872
148,873,899
153,254,084
-229,022,152
-59.9
4,380,185
2.9
247
Dayton--Springfield, OH
2,479,866,622
2,671,308,908
2,404,843,615
2,201,505,400
-278,361,222
-11.2
-203,338,215
-8.5
248
Worcester, MA--CT
1,017,882,516
603,792,520
757,553,224
685,676,465
-332,206,051
-32.6
-71,876,759
-9.5
249
Bridgeport, CT
1,125,870,184
918,846,699
952,929,366
788,587,160
-337,283,024
-30.0
-164,342,206
-17.2
250
Laredo, TX
4,061,824,179
4,157,377,819
2,897,821,799
3,440,672,848
-621,151,331
-15.3
542,851,049
18.7
251
San Francisco, CA
9,264,898,879
9,303,816,205
8,133,685,302
8,560,406,805
-704,492,074
-7.6
426,721,503
5.2
252
Ann Arbor, MI
2,218,082,828
2,075,768,978
1,157,910,245
1,311,133,806
-906,949,022
-40.9
153,223,561
13.2
253
Seattle--Bellovue--Everet WA
23,815,648,729
21,752,981,626
17,815,387,834
21,391,133,295
-2,424,515,434
-10.2
3,575,745,461
20.1
--
Las Vegas, NV--AZ
166,604,475
144,836,836
NA*
NA*
I
--
--
-
--
Dutchess County, NY
796,549,566
980,569,435
NA*
NA*
$
-
:
-
--
Brazoria, TX
1,475,063,152
1,760,999,069
NA*
NA*
$
--
--
:
Metro Sample Subtotal
$372,364,446,957
$415,158,980,050
$467,658,417,296
$494,486,601,470
$122,122,154,513
32.8
$26,828,184,174
5.7
Other Metropolitan Areas
$17,525,318,481
$21,238,229,007
$30,744,923,413
$30,793,258,279
$13,267,939,798
75.7
$48,334,866
0.2
Non-Metropolitan Areas
$25,932,850,636
$29,367,119,815
$34,188,840,211
$36,891,974,150
$10,959,123,514
42.3
$2,703,133,939
7.9
Crossovers
$10,146,130,349
$11,085,648,282
$13,376,085,543
$16,339,329,190
$6,193,198,841
61.0
$2,963,243,647
22.2
Unknown
$38,889,607,551
$35,565,632,057
$37,062,258,026
$44,315,899,860
$5,426,292,309
14.0
$7,253,641,834
19.6
Total U.S. Merchandise Exports
$464,858,353,974
$512,415,609,211
$583,030,524,489
$622,827,062,949
$157,968,708,975
34.0
$39,796,538,460
6.8
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Exporter Location Series
Prepared by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
1
Sherman--Denison, TX
$34,708,511
$36,149,343
$90,719,027
$147,488,586
$112,780,075
324.9
$56,769,559
62.6
2
Terre Haute, IN
67,300,401
88,796,473
163,624,858
253,692,171
186,391,770
277.0
90,067,313
55.0
3
Fayetteville--Springdale-Rogers, AR
250,351,519
433,823,178
669,265,366
801,202,632
550,851,113
220.0
131,937,266
19.7
4
La Crosse, WI--MN
90,557,886
93,073,270
276,216,972
273,185,399
182,627,513
201.7
-3,031,573
-1.1
5
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
664,331,713
857,420,329
1,408,245,395
1,943,146,539
1,278,814,826
192.5
534,901,144
38.0
6
Albuquerque, NM
256,688,708
335,480,983
270,083,340
740,349,310
483,660,602
188.4
470,265,970
174.1
7
Elmira, NY
70,198,940
116,821,840
139,477,729
196,874,347
126,675,407
180.5
57,396,618
41.2
8
South Bend, IN
179,719,461
160,344,125
389,474,396
494,799,575
315,080,114
175.3
105,325,179
27.0
9
St. Joseph, MO
36,880,396
39,198,221
49,580,703
94,412,765
57,532,369
156.0
44,832,062
90.4
10
Champaign--Urbana, IL
87,761,650
89,340,648
103,420,926
214,408,931
126,647,281
144.3
110,988,005
107.3
11
Lexington, KY
624,190,496
1,078,565,940
1,235,008,709
1,499,918,569
875,728,073
140.3
264,909,860
21.5
12
Texarkana, TX--Texarkana, AR
26,687,418
24,643,159
52,232,066
64,067,528
37,380,110
140.1
11,835,462
22.7
13
Charleston, WV
178,938,582
277,595,846
394,361,940
412,150,338
233,211,756
130.3
17,788,398
4.5
14
Harrisburg--Lcbanon--Carlisle, PA
339,161,096
535,012,238
600,972,744
775,520,056
436,358,960
128.7
174,547,312
29.0
15
Pittsfield, MA
77,167,991
112,240,264
151,883,168
175,533,111
98,365,120
127.5
23,649,943
15.6
16
Decatur, AL
42,334,717
54,467,829
65,584,180
91,562,675
49,227,958
116,3
25,978,495
39.6
17
Muncie, IN
64,329,690
107,404,131
158,266,189
137,554,385
73,224,695
113.8
-20,711,804
-13.1
18
Wheeling, WV--OH
7,365,382
10,755,481
9,028,702
15,125,019
7,759,637
105.4
6,096,317
67.5
19
Wilmington, NC
147,065,129
180,669,050
211,669,917
301,741,446
154,676,317
105.2
90,071,529
42.6
20
Omaha, NE--IA
299,777,818
393,250,149
425,917,469
608,290,193
308,512,375
102.9
182,372,724
42.8
21
Greeley, CO
276,023,363
501,822,972
582,938,322
558,789,549
282,766,186
102.4
-24,148,773
-4.1
22
Melboune--Titusville--Palm Bay, FL
315,249,458
315,942,399
310,089,285
634,964,140
319,714,682
101.4
324,874,855
104.8
23
Buffalo--Niagara Falls, NY
1,135,152,775
1,569,651,215
2,295,800,493
2,262,227,981
1,127,075,206
99.3
-33,572,512
-1.5
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
78
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
24
Albany, GA
$26,396,462
$31,809,840
$31,496,956
$52,462,198
$26,065,736
98.7
$20,965,242
66.6
25
Dubuque, IA
93,056,279
177,562,181
180,739,813
183,518,483
90,462,204
97.2
2,778,670
1.5
26
Waterloo--Cedar Falls, IA
102,706,259
149,660,963
194,610,804
200,919,265
98,213,006
95.6
6,308,461
3.2
27
Augusta--Aiken, GA--SC
227,431,785
326,301,958
405,182,720
443,887,586
216,455,801
95.2
38,704,866
9.6
28
Panama City, FL
90,907,807
121,158,683
216,486,434
174,787,075
83,879,268
92.3
-41,699,359
-19.3
29
Lubbock, TX
98,634,148
165,123,367
258,746,975
189,012,353
90,378,205
91.6
-69,734,622
-27.0
30
Altoona, PA
42,603,769
46,387,634
74,185,381
80,174,812
37,571,043
88.2
5,989,431
8.1
31
San Antonio, TX
563,927,642
656,275,677
771,089,223
1,049,964,571
486,036,929
86.2
278,875,348
36.2
32
Greenville-Spartanburg--Anderson, SC
1,462,111,636
1,745,019,520
2,305,311,475
2,720,417,114
1,258,305,478
86.1
415,105,639
18.0
33
Norfolk--Va. Beach--New. News, VA--NC
677,160,364
807,674,367
1,005,516,040
1,256,850,424
579,690,060
85.6
251,334,384
25.0
34
Salem, OR
66,294,376
72,944,150
111,955,642
123,012,597
56,718,221
85.6
11,056,955
9.9
35
Manchester, NH
107,047,205
115,302,567
146,299,420
198,253,604
91,206,399
85.2
51,954,184
35.5
36
Memphis, TN-AR-MS
2,055,082,048
2,729,489,435
4,163,837,508
3,786,079,518
1,730,997,470
84.2
-377,757,990
-9.1
37
Odessa--Midland, TX
50,028,313
68,283,389
118,157,184
92,079,910
42,051,597
84.1
-26,077,274
-22.1
38
Florence, SC
66,283,137
117,219,848
249,016,278
121,575,880
55,292,743
83.4
-127,440,398
-51.2
39
Hamilton--Middletown, OH
49,285,459
66,255,465
78,347,581
90,124,695
40,839,236
82.9
11,777,114
15.0
40
San Jose, CA
16,171,568,261
19,942,678,387
26,822,811,883
29,331,297,057
13,159,728,796
81.4
2,508,485,174
9.4
41
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
1,093,799,058
1,458,849,995
1,856,457,174
1,982,059,899
888,260,841
81.2
125,602,725
6.8
42
Lynchburg, VA
143,245,862
152,545,285
192,136,774
258,838,467
115,592,605
80.7
66,701,693
34.7
43
Kansas City, MO--KS
2,225,900,542
2,578,559,820
3,350,169,565
3,985,072,561
1,759,172,019
79.0
634,902,996
19.0
44
Modesto, CA
201,050,014
236,677,694
279,172,075
359,600,993
158,550,979
78.9
80,428,918
28.8
45
Sacramento, CA
1,075,600,748
1,087,946,958
1,448,341,678
1,908,647,897
833,047,149
77.4
460,306,219
31.8
46
Bremerton, WA
45,021,656
54,582,146
109,800,268
79,868,261
34,846,605
77.4
-29,932,007
-27.3
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
47
Lafayette, IN
$75,176,012
$74,907,687
$116,206,271
$133,217,699
$58,041,687
77.2
$17,011,428
14.6
48
Provo--Orem, UT
170,392,982
200,188,228
201,586,009
301,871,095
131,478,113
77.2
100,285,086
49.7
49
Lafayette, LA
93,648,966
148,703,593
192,720,480
164,842,615
71,193,649
76.0
-27,877,865
-14.5
50
Phoenix--Mesa, AZ
4,498,943,416
5,561,093,693
6,780,426,107
7,912,059,679
3,413,116,263
75.9
1,131,633,572
16.7
51
El Paso, TX
2,967,026,906
3,561,263,422
4,120,776,696
5,212,688,891
2,245,661,985
75.7
1,091,912,195
26.5
52
Rochester, MN
53,026,135
72,680,026
93,938,469
92,865,882
39,839,747
75.1
-1,072,587
-1.1
53
Bloomington, IN
113,645,558
115,744,973
127,555,248
198,831,576
85,186,018
75.0
71,276,328
55.9
54
Oakland, CA
4,181,477,503
5,113,244,018
6,372,462,719
7,309,195,498
3,127,717,995
74.8
936,732,779
14.7
55
Monroe, LA
77,148,746
107,119,178
167,800,817
133,964,208
56,815,462
73.6
-33,836,609
-20.2
56
Reno, NV
184,086,875
213,652,355
368,209,881
314,589,472
130,502,597
70.9
-53,620,409
-14.6
57
Longview-Marshall, TX
84,953,839
97,254,225
121,156,896
144,152,404
59,198,565
69.7
22,995,508
19.0
58
Tallahassee, FL
16,093,067
18,726,647
24,234,828
27,238,349
11,145,282
69.3
3,003,521
12.4
59
Danbury, CT
316,699,123
392,955,842
421,570,014
531,919,512
215,220,389
68.0
110,349,498
26.2
60
Jacksonville, FL
404,853,481
500,395,802
604,065,516
676,984,833
272,131,352
67.2
72,919,317
12.1
61
Santa Rosa, CA
409,067,069
485,151,372
572,939,426
681,824,903
272,757,834
66.7
108,885,477
19.0
62
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO
284,313,777
354,461,962
373,863,044
468,123,621
183,809,844
64.7
94,260,577
25.2
63
Redding, CA
32,253,405
28,625,590
40,979,118
53,002,385
20,748,980
64.3
12,023,267
29.3
64
Tucson, AZ
487,122,690
638,117,582
671,722,641
800,051,534
312,928,844
64.2
128,328,893
19.1
65
Detroit, MI
16,780,888,732
27,469,655,137
27,314,657,428
27,531,231,354
10,750,342,622
64.1
216,573,926
0.8
66
Jackson, MS
141,225,513
154,261,115
203,013,240
231,400,561
90,175,048
63.9
28,387,321
14.0
67
New Orleans, LA
2,034,209,302
2,326,231,047
3,037,819,182
3,316,761,379
1,282,552,077
63.0
278,942,197
9.2
68
Albany--Schenectady--Troy, NY
676,205,811
831,365,928
1,061,193,724
1,101,028,734
424,822,923
62.8
39,835,010
3.8
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
79
80
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
69
Fargo--Moorhead, ND--MN
$111,847,927
$137,258,753
$155,009,615
$181,892,036
$70,044,109
62.6
$26,882,421
17.3
70
Canton--Massillon, OH
250,176,671
315,936,317
377,170,351
405,984,758
155,808,087
62.3
28,814,407
7.6
71
Portland--Vancouver, OR--WA
5,698,522,232
6,448,826,945
8,931,311,703
9,234,314,656
3,535,792,424
62.0
303,002,953
3.4
72
Vallejo--Fairfield--Napa, CA
171,714,634
263,959,185
238,117,982
277,981,454
106,266,820
61.9
39,863,472
16.7
73
Denver, CO
930,959,714
1,089,812,265
1,385,281,758
1,502,864,847
571,905,133
61.4
117,583,089
8.5
74
Raleigh--Durham-Chapel Hill, NC
1,620,883,787
1,758,672,814
2,093,206,440
2,609,827,686
988,943,899
61.0
516,621,246
24.7
75
Austin-San Marcos, TX
1,721,513,552
2,128,773,530
2,929,207,924
2,743,135,077
1,021,621,525
59.3
-186,072,847
-6.4
76
Shreveport--Bossier City, LA
108,426,809
134,649,484
169,129,758
172,614,442
64,187,633
59.2
3,484,684
2.1
77
Milwaukee--Waukesha, WI
2,337,304,875
2,913,544,707
3,506,904,100
3,717,211,269
1,379,906,394
59.0
210,307,169
6.0
78
Akron, OH
1,434,941,835
1,606,289,098
1,931,665,315
2,260,274,977
825,333,142
57.5
328,609,662
17.0
79
Huntsville, AL
573,554,075
672,092,188
828,966,491
899,067,821
325,513,746
56.8
70,101,330
8.5
80
Grand Rapids--Muskegon-HIolland, MI
1,704,959,504
1,993,494,017
2,304,077,070
2,656,497,290
951,537,786
55.8
352,420,220
15.3
81
Wichita Falls, TX
49,571,138
65,093,442
80,715,177
77,030,476
27,459,338
55.4
-3,684,701
-4.6
82
Fort Wayne, IN
640,583,777
770,882,450
1,029,423,033
991,375,086
350,791,309
54.8
-38,047,947
-3.7
83
Lancaster, PA
406,093,457
469,339,181
581,528,332
626,224,665
220,131,208
54.2
44,696,333
7.7
84
San Diego, CA
4,357,749,356
4,867,278,411
5,860,939,776
6,719,405,217
2,361,655,861
54.2
858,465,441
14.6
85
Jamestown, NY
156,924,124
209,363,848
256,550,359
241,230,928
84,306,804
53.7
-15,319,431
-6.0
86
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria--Lompoc, CA
424,028,623
420,154,380
565,199,094
647,994,553
223,965,930
52.8
82,795,459
14.6
87
Indianapolis, IN
2,626,625,792
3,003,834,284
3,555,924,896
4,012,774,870
1,386,149,078
52.8
456,849,974
12.8
88
Chicago, IL
14,446,576,063
17,333,603,392
21,083,418,213
22,030,068,072
7,583,492,009
52.5
946,649,859
4.5
89
Atlanta, GA
3,870,588,791
4,739,123,635
5,811,439,296
5,891,451,390
2,020,862,599
52.2
80,012,094
1.4
90
Ventura, CA
640,298,267
698,677,973
953,380,827
967,262,858
326,964,591
51.1
13,882,031
1.5
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
91
Bakersfield, CA
$480,657,214
$780,376,616
$730,542,493
$721,272,772
$240,615,558
50.1
-$9,269,721
-1.3
92
Brockton, MA
106,999,711
113,104,954
143,965,005
159,706,529
52,706,818
49.3
15,741,524
10.9
93
Springfield, IL
23,906,115
29,803,555
35,098,601
35,549,360
11,643,245
48.7
450,759
1.3
94
Springfield, MO
81,120,882
103,823,081
120,177,601
120,348,771
39,227,889
48.4
171,170
0.1
95
Tampa--St. Petersburg--Clearwater, FL
1,295,739,290
1,835,814,338
2,116,050,399
1,921,833,422
626,094,132
48.3
-194,216,977
-9.2
96
Fort Worth--Arlington, TX
1,600,206,447
2,052,001,428
1,915,014,056
2,372,702,547
772,496,100
48.3
457,688,491
23.9
97
Utica--Rome, NY
188,304,048
269,316,483
237,987,015
277,993,379
89,689,331
47.6
40,006,364
16.8
98
Dallas, TX
4,817,639,383
5,679,710,931
6,870,413,661
7,096,879,121
2,279,239,738
47.3
226,465,460
3.3
99
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton, PA
266,618,289
328,151,069
431,874,490
391,991,357
125,373,068
47.0
-39,883,133
-9.2
100
Orange County, CA
5,653,367,750
6,715,981,650
8,041,081,422
8,309,267,047
2,655,899,297
47.0
268,185,625
3.3
101
Saginaw--Bay City--Midland, MI
855,413,629
776,806,698
1,035,564,698
1,254,463,776
399,050,147
46.6
218,899,078
21.1
102
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC--SC
1,563,724,843
1,782,827,269
2,087,969,592
2,291,296,199
727,571,356
46.5
203,326,607
9.7
103
Fort Pierce--Port St. Lucie, FL
73,493,929
92,293,244
114,172,040
107,600,648
34,106,719
46.4
-6,571,392
-5.8
104
Madison, WI
357,688,184
417,083,076
497,461,686
522,408,188
164,720,004
46.1
24,946,502
5.0
105
Columbia, SC
212,915,343
300,390,174
343,310,841
310,848,312
97,932,969
46.0
-32,462,529
-9.5
106
Roanoke, VA
164,041,683
195,937,140
231,349,346
238,327,106
74,285,423
45.3
6,977,760
3.0
107
Toledo, OH
836,073,213
986,928,080
1,177,715,491
1,207,523,437
371,450,224
44.4
29,807,946
2.5
108
Kankakee, IL
79,077,304
85,978,927
137,807,663
113,716,644
34,639,340
43.8
-24,091,019
-17.5
109
Jackson, TN
108,016,037
132,547,246
175,311,228
155,209,557
47,193,520
43.7
-20,101,671
-11.5
110
Williamsport, PA
105,193,832
123,284,392
150,363,429
150,990,732
45,796,900
43.5
627,303
0.4
111
Davenport-Moline--Rock Island, IA--IL
1,102,557,510
1,098,869,468
1,291,031,098
1,576,122,832
473,565,322
43.0
285,091,734
22.1
112
Greensboro--Winston-Salem-High Point, NC
2,453,096,262
2,773,310,009
3,356,262,119
3,495,638,996
1,042,542,734
42.5
139,376,877
4.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
81
82
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
113
Huntington-Ashland, WV--KY-OH
$136,550,041
$162,404,065
$237,186,454
$193,938,404
$57,388,363
42.0
-$43,248,050
-18.2
114
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
3,582,759,333
4,093,322,966
4,706,990,680
5,075,165,450
1,492,406,117
41.7
368,174,770
7.8
115
Honolulu, HI
187,787,670
215,515,649
228,238,973
265,744,355
77,956,685
41.5
37,505,382
16.4
116
Fort Lauderdale, FL
1,321,447,890
1,506,662,094
1,774,654,135
1,864,517,768
543,069,878
41.1
89,863,633
5.1
117
Gainesville, FL
62,603,224
65,747,174
91,619,239
88,265,083
25,661,859
41.0
-3,354,156
-3.7
118
Green Bay, WI
134,096,711
187,289,675
212,672,332
188,949,597
54,852,886
40.9
-23,722,735
-11.2
119
Binghamton, NY
316,229,309
474,877,881
558,094,464
443,250,094
127,020,785
40.2
-114,844,370
-20.6
120
Janesville--Beloit, WI
76,566,963
76,345,916
80,211,725
107,079,063
30,512,100
39.9
26,867,338
33.5
121
Richmond--Petersburg, VA
4,012,150,525
5,260,571,495
5,389,333,310
5,609,351,827
1,597,201,302
39.8
220,018,517
4.1
122
Rochester, NY
3,091,528,731
3,143,661,788
3,860,521,321
4,307,693,737
1,216,165,006
39.3
447,172,416
11.6
123
Louisville, KY--IN
1,673,848,467
1,798,846,995
2,199,762,270
2,327,058,039
653,209,572
39.0
127,295,769
5.8
124
Hickory-Morganton, NC
335,244,333
397,915,417
476,068,830
464,328,927
129,084,594
38.5
-11,739,903
-2.5
125
Rockford, IL
521,617,189
616,148,483
641,362,969
721,885,172
200,267,983
38.4
80,522,203
12.6
126
Columbus, GA-AL
183,841,381
172,771,815
245,349,953
253,155,187
69,313,806
37.7
7,805,234
3.2
127
Minneapolis--St. Paul, MN--WI
9,003,818,021
8,863,530,759
11,071,821,888
12,383,978,644
3,380,160,623
37.5
1,312,156,756
11.9
128
Flint, MI
958,923,618
1,032,050,028
1,451,712,126
1,318,808,559
359,884,941
37.5
-132,903,567
-9.2
129
Brownsville--Harlingen--San Benito, TX
1,904,365,994
2,113,361,920
2,245,917,188
2,612,576,717
708,210,723
37.2
366,659,529
16.3
130
Macon, GA
160,523,442
173,275,765
197,552,052
220,086,420
59,562,978
37.1
22,534,368
11.4
131
Joplin, MO
52,132,423
44,601,213
50,323,854
71,444,652
19,312,229
37.0
21,120,798
42.0
132
Alexandria, LA
15,789,189
16,932,546
18,691,822
21,630,915
5,841,726
37.0
2,939,093
15.7
133
Sheboygan, WI
207,104,066
244,345,672
258,743,314
283,283,524
76,179,458
36.8
24,540,210
9.5
134
Spokane, WA
254,379,191
269,397,539
310,892,214
347,879,499
93,500,308
36.8
36,987,285
11.9
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
135
Naples, FL
$55,573,932
$55,984,555
$75,004,316
$75,953,612
$20,379,680
36.7
$949,296
1.3
136
Springfield, MA
389,756,278
434,774,121
512,080,162
530,285,756
140,529,478
36.1
18,205,594
3.6
137
Racine, WI
365,126,982
403,153,387
335,105,671
493,169,111
128,042,129
35.1
158,063,440
47.2
138
Columbia, MO
42,934,889
50,173,690
51,134,313
57,875,367
14,940,478
34.8
6,741,054
13.2
139
Boston, MA--NH
6,472,471,061
7,095,349,390
7,902,660,426
8,715,803,698
2,243,332,637
34.7
813,143,272
10.3
140
Houston, TX
12,284,565,944
13,388,170,043
16,247,880,035
16,541,462,510
4,256,896,566
34.7
293,582,475
1.8
141
Gary, IN
225,347,242
267,480,658
310,598,859
303,193,457
77,846,215
34.5
-7,405,402
-2.4
142
Jackson, MI
95,465,271
96,270,060
98,478,171
128,123,008
32,657,737
34.2
29,644,837
30.1
143
Bellingham, WA
206,776,814
210,652,470
253,540,383
275,373,942
68,597,128
33.2
21,833,559
8.6
144
Wilmington--Newark, DE--MD
3,423,784,336
3,720,373,054
4,361,105,684
4,551,095,892
1,127,311,556
32.9
189,990,208
4.4
145
Wichita, KS
1,443,978,238
1,540,557,637
1,727,720,231
1,916,811,573
472,833,335
32.7
189,091,342
10.9
146
St. Louis, MO--IL
3,399,997,362
3,673,337,340
3,997,677,665
4,497,447,213
1,097,449,851
32.3
499,769,548
12.5
147
Philadelphia, PA--NJ
5,869,148,088
6,545,835,785
7,896,893,158
7,727,939,544
1,858,791,456
31.7
-168,953,614
-2.1
148
Knoxville, TN
580,408,061
689,179,313
633,188,407
764,136,758
183,728,697
31.7
130,948,351
20.7
149
Beaumont--Port Arthur, TX
87,690,448
97,015,393
118,907,224
115,377,673
27,687,225
31.6
-3,529,551
-3.0
150
Pittsburgh, PA
2,989,745,222
3,150,609,651
3,982,169,190
3,933,686,687
943,941,465
31.6
-48,482,503
-1.2
151
Stamford--Norwalk, CT
3,366,568,677
3,452,702,492
4,937,570,553
4,424,293,400
1,057,724,723
31.4
-513,277,153
-10.4
152
Nassau--Suffolk, NY
2,803,215,823
2,866,271,135
3,558,627,404
3,680,169,225
876,953,402
31.3
121,541,821
3.4
153
Orlando, FL
930,363,743
848,511,709
968,815,689
1,218,957,095
288,593,352
31.0
250,141,406
25.8
154
Nashville, TN
1,104,100,985
1,310,492,235
1,412,347,520
1,445,492,486
341,391,501
30.9
33,144,966
2.3
155
Boise City, ID
1,022,745,418
1,289,820,030
1,634,971,533
1,338,529,303
315,783,885
30.9
-296,442,230
-18.1
156
Yakima, WA
135,844,953
147,573,341
168,855,673
176,029,254
40,184,301
29.6
7,173,581
4.2
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
83
84
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
157
Corpus Christi, TX
$186,763,368
$153,571,047
$162,390,036
$241,770,221
$55,006,853
29.5
$79,380,185
48.9
158
Miami, FL
8,264,303,946
9,266,745,514
10,200,814,784
10,681,235,944
2,416,931,998
29.2
480,421,160
4.7
159
Sharon, PA
44,056,912
40,417,455
60,687,971
56,908,964
12,852,052
29.2
-3,779,007
-6.2
160
Lakeland--Winter Haven, FL
187,019,764
199,172,933
237,674,306
241,524,956
54,505,192
29.1
3,850,650
1.6
161
Lowell, MA--NH
867,466,548
890,090,652
1,079,890,413
1,119,944,606
252,478,058
29.1
40,054,193
3.7
162
Colorado Springs, CO
664,289,154
900,712,044
954,691,572
856,993,710
192,704,556
29.0
-97,697,862
-10.2
163
Mobile, AL
356,694,800
395,275,506
415,827,287
459,850,316
103,155,516
28.9
44,023,029
10.6
164
Kalamazoo--Battle Creek, MI
650,330,732
868,950,604
897,345,300
836,062,385
185,731,653
28.6
-61,282,915
-6.8
165
Columbus, OH
1,167,012,557
1,295,467,590
1,358,161,052
1,497,159,962
330,147,405
28.3
138,998,910
10.2
166
Monmouth--Ocean, NJ
373,365,625
410,212,800
471,772,839
478,195,651
104,830,026
28.1
6,422,812
1.4
167
Middlesex--Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
2,840,560,943
3,035,890,854
3,448,093,348
3,628,085,216
787,524,273
27.7
179,991,868
5.2
168
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT
1,660,879,322
1,808,673,252
1,838,150,726
2,111,534,068
450,654,746
27.1
273,383,342
14.9
169
Des Moines, IA
337,182,965
348,931,102
378,548,963
426,016,806
88,833,841
26.3
47,467,843
12.5
170
York, PA
751,821,132
952,004,973
973,936,039
945,100,111
193,278,979
25.7
-28,835,928
-3.0
171
Lawrence, MA--NH
822,630,081
806,416,721
841,677,880
1,033,637,404
211,007,323
25.7
191,959,524
22.8
172
Hartford, CT
1,926,096,785
1,967,053,061
2,167,602,843
2,415,985,216
489,888,431
25.4
248,382,373
11.5
173
Chattanooga, TN--GA
218,309,555
237,266,538
301,011,927
273,466,145
55,156,590
25.3
-27,545,782
-9.2
174
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
764,832,660
834,284,026
897,955,077
955,845,660
191,013,000
25.0
57,890,583
6.4
175
Stockton--Lodi, CA
287,530,164
320,346,532
355,657,574
357,792,099
70,261,935
24.4
2,134,525
0.6
176
Portsmouth--Rochester, NH--ME
464,982,176
470,164,517
553,568,018
574,770,128
109,787,952
23.6
21,202,110
3.8
177
Charlottesville, VA
113,835,932
123,035,393
157,362,242
140,238,461
26,402,529
23.2
-17,123,781
-10.9
178
Cincinnati, OH--KY--IN
3,898,151,122
4,056,505,886
4,256,652,673
4,784,139,630
885,988,508
22.7
527,486,957
12.4
*
NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
179
Montgomery, AL
$157,828,546
$231,008,786
$244,100,977
$192,869,812
$35,041,266
22.2
-$51,231,165
-21.0
180
Los Angeles--Long Beach, CA
20,013,560,462
22,224,814,589
24,730,951,600
24,437,944,781
4,424,384,319
22.1
-293,006,819
-1.2
181
Pine Bluff, AR
125,339,370
152,458,519
153,661,930
152,836,774
27,497,404
21.9
-825,156
-0.5
182
Tulsa, OK
1,273,003,720
1,240,953,373
1,485,149,429
1,549,607,614
276,603,894
21.7
64,458,185
4.3
183
Kenosha, WI
126,851,361
117,674,203
133,917,838
154,262,351
27,410,990
21.6
20,344,513
15.2
184
Wausau, WI
122,465,071
113,577,562
117,277,854
148,856,115
26,391,044
21.5
31,578,261
26.9
185
Evansville--Henderson, IN--KY
448,533,992
487,403,232
525,072,223
545,087,640
96,553,648
21.5
20,015,417
3.8
186
Syracuse, NY
1,374,086,912
1,600,939,522
1,894,294,791
1,665,451,869
291,364,957
21.2
-228,842,922
-12.1
187
Fayetteville, NC
54,326,862
57,909,024
66,594,236
65,411,163
11,084,301
20.4
-1,183,073
-1.8
188
Visalia--Tulare--Porterville, CA
119,558,653
107,684,069
120,628,108
143,732,226
24,173,573
20.2
23,104,118
19.2
189
Trenton, NJ
223,768,152
237,501,682
392,472,201
267,846,893
44,078,741
19.7
-124,625,308
-31.8
190
Lincoln, NE
188,537,132
207,173,028
208,814,167
225,253,497
36,716,365
19.5
16,439,330
7.9
191
Kokomo, IN
1,727,479,804
1,858,412,518
1,648,872,292
2,056,420,227
328,940,423
19.0
407,547,935
24.7
192
Baltimore, MD
1,783,406,722
1,868,967,765
2,209,167,884
2,110,417,170
327,010,448
18.3
-98,750,714
-4.5
193
Waterbury, CT
187,546,346
179,607,116
207,604,200
221,590,398
34,044,052
18.2
13,986,198
6.7
194
Youngstown-Warren, OH
189,252,547
185,274,524
225,931,777
223,130,048
33,877,501
17.9
-2,801,729
-1.2
195
Yuba City, CA
62,846,552
61,460,656
70,525,176
73,968,565
11,122,013
17.7
3,443,389
4.9
196
Newark, NJ
4,287,435,484
5,205,487,112
5,640,023,616
5,044,167,286
756,731,802
17.6
-595,856,330
-10.6
197
Birmingham, AL
533,867,447
453,848,201
550,542,807
625,776,105
91,908,658
17.2
75,233,298
13.7
198
New Bedford, MA
141,561,056
154,502,826
186,769,682
165,766,797
24,205,741
17.1
-21,002,885
-11.2
199
Allentown--Bethlehem--Easton, PA
1,273,864,662
1,371,116,128
1,492,805,120
1,477,242,953
203,378,291
16.0
-15,562,167
-1.0
200
Jersey City, NJ
986,218,379
1,351,240,038
1,159,861,493
1,140,757,309
154,538,930
15.7
-19,104,184
-1.6
* NA - Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
85
86
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
201
Johnson City-Kingsport--Bristol, TN--VA
$1,356,660,383
$1,580,777,613
$1,677,496,932
$1,566,531,562
$209,871,179
15.5
-$110,965,370
-6.6
202
New London--Norwich, CT--RI
136,538,289
141,454,049
178,198,469
157,456,952
20,918,663
15.3
-20,741,517
-11.6
203
Appleton--Oshkosh-Neenah, WI
529,528,092
507,733,459
593,726,456
608,520,939
78,992,847
14.9
14,794,483
2.5
204
Bergen--Passaic, NJ
3,924,948,374
4,387,000,116
4,784,006,411
4,499,878,508
574,930,134
14.6
-284,127,903
-5.9
205
Salinas, CA
294,511,763
321,950,186
359,860,179
337,623,362
43,111,599
14.6
-22,236,817
-6.2
206
Cedar Rapids, IA
342,381,810
363,795,140
402,216,473
391,100,051
48,718,241
14.2
-11,116,422
-2.8
207
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI--MA
1,141,672,997
1,246,010,092
1,241,013,577
1,296,244,192
154,571,195
13.5
55,230,615
4.5
208
Mansfield, OH
367,635,806
349,887,597
394,923,680
412,977,971
45,342,165
12.3
18,054,291
4.6
209
Washington, DC--MD--VA--WV
7,250,600,413
7,969,302,661
8,350,434,637
8,083,517,016
832,916,603
11.5
-266,917,621
-3.2
210
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS
108,136,162
281,603,418
281,039,517
119,916,297
11,780,135
10.9
-161,123,220
-57.3
211
Eau Claire, WI
289,715,835
465,707,890
399,923,268
320,595,844
30,880,009
10.7
-79,327,424
-19.8
212
Chico-Paradise, CA
71,040,934
77,167,326
70,136,604
78,132,866
7,091,932
10.0
7,996,262
11.4
213
Lawrence, KS
5,238,501
6,243,631
4,081,278
5,737,754
499,253
9.5
1,656,476
40.6
214
Lansing-East Lansing, MI
185,665,447
208,627,069
224,039,124
202,208,820
16,543,373
8.9
-21,830,304
-9.7
215
Reading, PA
300,573,485
271,606,223
293,424,354
326,183,744
25,610,259
8.5
32,759,390
11.2
216
Topeka, KS
121,125,965
125,199,049
133,010,613
130,152,989
9,027,024
7.5
-2,857,624
-2.1
217
Eugene--Springfleld, OR
157,945,724
173,094,239
190,327,845
168,901,955
10,956,231
6.9
-21,425,890
-11.3
218
Tacoma, WA
1,115,321,445
774,869,018
1,098,921,428
1,179,693,490
64,372,045
5.8
80,772,062
7.4
219
Little Rock--North Little Rock, AR
200,140,443
218,993,515
193,608,620
210,392,349
10,251,906
5.1
16,783,729
8.7
220
McAllen--Edinburg--Mission, TX
1,510,194,856
1,826,431,295
1,617,130,723
1,579,743,309
69,548,453
4.6
-37,387,414
-2.3
221
Savannah, GA
442,485,257
423,262,228
567,520,855
459,391,636
16,906,379
3.8
-108,129,219
-19.1
222
Richland--Kennewick--Pasco, WA
220,336,299
271,566,682
146,593,593
228,095,357
7,759,058
3.5
81,501,764
55.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
223
Erie, PA
$311,583,551
$285,447,671
$490,769,564
$321,857,103
$10,273,552
3.3
-$168,912,461
-34.4
224
Fresno, CA
673,105,211
763,407,316
714,388,494
691,807,510
18,702,299
2.8
-22,580,984
-3.2
225
Asheville, NC
232,281,062
228,597,097
185,185,417
236,684,245
4,403,183
1.9
51,498,828
27.8
226
Oklahoma City, OK
478,853,383
488,563,315
485,802,939
483,903,128
5,049,745
1.1
-1,899,811
-0.4
227
Nashua, NH
290,190,543
235,398,399
282,231,639
291,331,113
1,140,570
0.4
9,099,474
3.2
228
Charleston--North Charleston, SC
597,253,189
388,467,350
501,582,266
595,060,549
-2,192,640
-0.4
93,478,283
18.6
229
Houma, LA
58,293,859
53,768,325
60,043,046
57,997,801
-296,058
-0.5
-2,045,245
-3.4
230
New York, NY
28,192,821,918
23,543,749,240
27,131,083,725
27,970,506,919
-222,314,999
-0.8
839,423,194
3.1
231
Baton Rouge, LA
564,618,024
457,982,011
569,620,124
552,851,725
-11,766,299
-2.1
-16,768,399
-2.9
232
New Haven--Meriden, CT
1,035,550,576
1,075,478,242
1,106,348,547
1,012,436,505
-23,114,071
-2.2
-93,912,042
-8.5
233
Sarasota--Bradenton, FL
186,880,624
187,363,643
182,764,975
180,242,798
-6,637,826
-3.6
-2,522,177
-1.4
234
Portland, ME
355,190,640
319,515,535
373,121,011
339,151,601
-16,039,039
-4.5
-33,969,410
-9.1
235
Pensacola, FL
38,763,014
34,047,544
32,206,869
36,836,435
-1,926,579
-5.0
4,629,566
14.4
236
Benton Harbor, MI
338,674,082
368,813,560
369,319,450
317,239,307
-21,434,775
-6.3
-52,080,143
-14.1
237
San Francisco, CA
9,264,898,879
9,303,816,205
8,133,685,302
8,560,406,805
-704,492,074
-7.6
426,721,503
5.2
238
Seattle-Bellevue--Everet, WA
23,815,648,729
21,752,981,626
17,815,387,834
21,391,133,295
-2,424,515,434
-10.2
3,575,745,461
20.1
239
Dayton--Springfield, OH
2,479,866,622
2,671,308,908
2,404,843,615
2,201,505,400
-278,361,222
-11.2
-203,338,215
-8.5
240
Elkhart--Goshen, IN
419,879,457
460,350,316
501,534,285
367,464,878
-52,414,579
-12.5
-134,069,407
-26.7
241
Lake Charles, LA
56,088,346
55,910,699
64,559,699
48,199,497
-7,888,849
-14.1
-16,360,202
-25.3
242
Laredo, TX
4,061,824,179
4,157,377,819
2,897,821,799
3,440,672,848
-621,151,331
-15.3
542,851,049
18.7
243
Florence, AL
29,805,559
25,747,647
29,536,657
25,245,146
-4,560,413
-15.3
-4,291,511
-14.5
244
Anchorage, AK
128,778,773
198,191,709
150,417,105
108,977,114
-19,801,659
-15.4
-41,439,991
-27.6
* NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
87
88
EXPORT SALES OF U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS, 1993-96
Ranked by 1993-96 Percentage Changes
Dollar Value
1993-96 Changes
1995-96 Changes
Rank
Metropolitan Statistical Area
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
$
%
245
Cumberland, MD-WV
$54,899,071
$64,260,954
$53,813,253
$45,917,310
-$8,981,761
-16.4
-$7,895,943
-14.7
246
Daytona Beach, FL
140,472,143
110,299,169
85,854,725
111,657,267
-28,814,876
-20.5
25,802,542
30.1
247
Parkersburg-Marietta, WV--OH
298,770,507
313,640,061
186,564,081
211,945,118
-86,825,389
-29.1
25,381,037
13.6
248
Lima, OH
294,120,243
166,192,408
225,999,625
207,329,529
-86,790,714
-29.5
-18,670,096
-8.3
249
Bridgeport, CT
1,125,870,184
918,846,699
952,929,366
788,587,160
-337,283,024
-30.0
-164,342,206
-17.2
250
Worcester, MA--CT
1,017,882,516
603,792,520
757,553,224
685,676,465
-332,206,051
-32.6
-71,876,759
-9.5
251
Ann Arbor, MI
2,218,082,828
2,075,768,978
1,157,910,245
1,311,133,806
-906,949,022
-40.9
153,223,561
13.2
252
Danville, VA
172,993,844
202,726,598
155,744,244
89,126,788
-83,867,056
-48.5
-66,617,456
-42.8
253
Newburgh, NY--PA
382,276,236
152,834,872
148,873,899
153,254,084
-229,022,152
-59.9
4,380,185
2.9
--
Las Vegas, NV--AZ
166,604,475
144,836,836
NA*
NA*
--
-
--
--
--
Dutchess County, NY
796,549,566
980,569,435
NA*
NA*
--
I
I
:
--
Brazoria, TX
1,475,063,152
1,760,999,069
NA*
NA*
:
1
:
:
Metro Sample Subtotal
$372,364,446,957
$415,158,980,050
$467,658,417,296
$494,486,601,470
$122,122,154,513
32.8
$26,828,184,174
5.7
Other Metropolitan Areas
$17,525,318,481
$21,238,229,007
$30,744,923,413
$30,793,258,279
$13,267,939,798
75.7
$48,334,866
0.2
Non-Metropolitan Areas
$25,932,850,636
$29,367,119,815
$34,188,840,211
$36,891,974,150
$10,959,123,514
42.3
$2,703,133,939
7.9
Crossovers
$10,146,130,349
$11,085,648,282
$13,376,085,543
$16,339,329,190
$6,193,198,841
61.0
$2,963,243,647
22.2
Unknown
$38,889,607,551
$35,565,632,057
$37,062,258,026
$44,315,899,860
$5,426,292,309
14.0
$7,253,641,834
19.6
Total U.S. Merchandise Exports
$464,858,353,974
$512,415,609,211
$583,030,524,489
$622,827,062,949
$157,968,708,975
34.0
$39,796,538,460
6.8
*
NA = Data suppressed by the Census Bureau in accordance with Federal disclosure regulations
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Exporter Location Series
Prepared by: Office of Trade and Economic Analysis, International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
APPENDICES
89
APPENDIX 1
State Merchandise Exports to the World: 1987, 1991-96
(Thousand $; Census Basis)
1995-96 Changes
1987
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
$
%
U.S. Total
$244,405,955
$419,984,659
$447,470,815
$464,858,412
$512,415,609
$583,030,524
$622,827,063
$39,796.538
6.8%
Alabama
1,482,853
2,429,733
2,718,471
2,504,344
3,115,364
3,587,068
3,702,427
115,360
3.2
Alaska
538,431
1,062,364
1,097,767
817,873
887,672
891,543
850,416
-41,127
-4.6
Arizona
2,468,494
4,529,473
5,001,737
5,785,148
6,970,648
8,402,790
9,937,766
1,534,976
18.3
Arkansas
408,285
840,015
1,077,703
1,109,771
1,470,852
1,794,446
1,997,220
202,773
11.3
California
32,890,959
59,036,934
66,732,044
68,066,344
78,190,359
92,038,424
98,633,998
6,595,574
7.2
Colorado
4,848,228
6,085,141
6,005,015
6,214,809
7,802,107
9,688,769
10,064,946
376,178
3.9
Connecticut
4,666,119
6,731,197
10,485,850
10,200,971
10,272,016
12,942,121
13,052,470
110,348
0.9
Delaware
2,723,982
3,538,489
3,738,921
3,454,507
3,758,073
4,396,791
4,584,498
187,707
4.3
Dist of Col.
408,966
427,540
372,562
4,702,087
5,150,744
5,323,519
5,084,786
-238,733
-4.5
Florida
7,804,344
12,642,656
14,427,621
14,695,824
16,559,218
18,564,439
19,618,195
1,053,756
5.7
Georgia
2,431,917
5,224,460
5,990,517
6,050,113
7,108,082
8,626,786
8,617,989
-8,797
-0.1
Hawaii
159,954
219,026
127,178
216,771
237,398
255,686
295,176
39,490
15.4
Idaho
412,027
1,010,728
1,148,044
1,235,896
1,530,506
1,892,550
1,610,103
-282,446
-14.9
Illinois
10,229,536
16,363,394
18,999,910
20,347,213
24,534,201
30,478,211
32,224,851
1,746,641
5.7
Indiana
3,743,293
6,674,924
7,294,613
8,445,190
9,533,979
11,051,969
12,119,025
1,067,056
9.7
Iowa
1,087,034
1,386,069
1,523,871
1,955,741
2,331,362
2,577,824
2,695,060
117,236
4.5
Kansas
1,877,363
2,921,695
3,083,110
3,109,413
3,498,265
4,461,452
4,971,283
509,831
11.4
Kentucky
1,720,190
3,317,768
3,809,100
3,325,866
4,188,243
5,030,113
5,824,244
794,131
15.8
Louisiana
2,978,976
3,131,413
3,364,626
3,220,327
3,576,895
4,580,707
4,730,822
150,115
3.3
Maine
533,698
984,225
970,492
1,065,258
1,138,928
1,318,192
1,248,775
-69,417
-5.3
Maryland
1,531,860
2,695,906
2,687,440
2,713,706
2,848,462
3,438,959
3,509,925
70,965
2.1
Massachusetts
8,297,703
11,166,563
11,569,295
11,593,997
12,585,960
14,396,358
15,368,409
972,051
6.8
Michigan
19,542,822
18,849,757
22,014,227
25,322,490
36,812,120
37,102,347
38,128,161
1,025,815
2.8
Minnesota
5,556,427
7,900,182
8,985,037
9,974,369
10,011,066
12,404,328
13,884,051
1,479,723
11.9
Mississippi
448,451
788,875
816,961
803,332
1,099,868
1,368,686
1,221,668
-147,018
-10.7
Missouri
3,383,505
4,275,771
4,310,371
4,733,284
5,234,843
5,689,949
6,590,489
900,540
15.8
Montana
148,118
162,337
211,946
243,265
259,954
279,190
340,869
61,679
22.1
Nebraska
328,863
693,977
1,536,933
1,740,700
1,957,906
2,255,255
2,452,813
197,558
8.8
Nevada
269,087
420,878
393,456
503,892
458,481
711,116
691,564
-19,552
-2.7
New Hampshire
662,197
933,185
1,002,509
1,134,867
1,247,913
1,478,627
1,744,875
266,247
18.0
New Jersey
7,648,640
13,724,326
13,906,150
14,540,560
16,760,765
18,368,587
18,458,394
89,807
0.5
New Mexico
116,527
236,083
247,350
400,036
488,455
426,578
917,395
490,817
115.1
New York
29,570,000
37,462,283
36,769,778
40,702,259
37,259,709
44,080,108
44,964,741
884,634
2.0
North Carolina
3,472,260
6,228,645
7,391,401
7,976,373
8,968,847
10,567,424
11,586,603
1,019,179
9.6
North Dakota
163,116
276,682
313,362
343,707
388,870
488,594
576,232
87,639
17.9
Ohio
6,468,319
13,624,983
15,236,599
17,651,364
19,478,217
20,926,490
22,555,189
1,628,699
7.8
Oklahoma
967,003
2,422,638
2,604,898
2,334,587
2,171,959
2,467,324
2,537,565
70,241
2.8
Oregon
3,117,438
5,032,728
5,704,840
6,204,733
6,987,407
9,902,084
8,481,327
-1,420,757
-14.3
Pennsylvania
7,166,999
12,217,077
13,176,207
13,189,649
14,698,634
17,680,205
17,445,572
-234,633
-1.3
Rhode Island
376,656
695,133
684,849
938,387
1,011,548
956,796
954,826
-1,970
-0.2
South Carolina
1,017,005
1,959,558
2,683,212
3,219,519
3,510,116
4,497,870
4,924,922
427,052
9.5
South Dakota
41,963
178,656
172,562
213,811
263,888
348,556
397,332
48,777
14.0
Tennessee
2,970,399
4,993,225
5,738,684
6,151,139
7,506,236
9,460,503
9,328,342
-132,161
-1.4
Texas
18,045,460
31,869,207
33,879,611
35,622,483
40,488,977
45,192,646
48,252,054
3,059,408
6.8
Utah
667,429
1,685,660
2,167,657
2,045,015
2,233,076
2,313,412
2,768,491
455,878
19.7
Vermont
265,572
1,966,321
1,837,409
2,276,004
2,304,297
2,683,579
2,610,829
-72,750
-2.7
Virginia
3,147,793
8,835,544
8,468,117
8,118,380
9,947,272
10,425,230
10,925,992
500,762
4.8
Washington
10,317,038
27,337,619
28,664,274
27,397,726
25,062,327
22,032,006
25,498,048
3,466,042
15.7
West Virginia
656,321
882,103
872,642
754,077
940,642
1,097,937
1,217,925
119,988
10.9
Wisconsin
2,939,795
4,937,338
5,768,437
5,810,366
6,927,927
8,004,453
8,409,713
405,259
5.1
Wyoming
60,273
52,195
84,911
88,509
95,377
101,206
123,684
22,477
22.2
Puerto Rico
1,980,613
3,791,823
4,222,657
4,365,071
4,618,897
4,704,505
5,188,399
483,894
10.3
Virgin Islands
1,178
-
131,929
162,125
158,046
228,591
192,405
-36,186
-15.8
Unallocated
19,644,476
53,130,155
45,245,952
39,065,166
35,772,636
39,047,625
48,714,210
9,666,584
24.8
Note: U.S. totals exclude timing adjustment and Canada adjustment. All figures based on initial, unrevised data.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Exporter Location Series.
Prepared by: International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce.
91
APPENDIX 2
Guide to State and Substate Export Data
Overview of Subnational Export Data
All state and metro area export values in this report are from the U.S. Census Bureau's
Exporter Location (EL) series. The EL series, which the Census Bureau began issuing in 1993,
allocates exports to states and localities based on the location of the exporter of record.
The exporter of record is not necessarily the entity that produced the merchandise; hence,
the EL series does not furnish complete and reliable data on the production origin of U.S.
exports (see details below).
The exporter of record, as determined from entries on U.S. export declarations, is the party
principally responsible for effecting export from the United States. In the case of
manufacturing companies, the exporter of record can be either a manufacturing establishment or
an administrative location. In the case of service industries that export merchandise, the exporter
of record is most often an independent wholesaler, but can also be a retailer, broker, or other
intermediary.
Typically, the EL data reflect the point of sale-i.e., the marketing origin of exports. There
are exceptions, however. In the case of some multi-establishment companies, the exporter of
record may be a headquarters location or a central administrative office which does not engage
in international marketing activity. Having said this, there are also many instances where
international marketing is centered at headquarters or another administrative location. As a result,
the significance of the "headquarters effect" is unclear.
The EL statistics are different from, and cannot be compared with, the long-standing and
widely used Origin of Movement (OM) state export series. The OM series is also issued by
the Census Bureau and is distributed, with some adjustments, by the Massachusetts Institute for
Social and Economic Research (MISER).
The EL and OM series are based on different methodologies, measure entirely different
dimensions of subnational export activity, and are intended for different purposes.
The EL series tracks the sales origin of exports and is best suited for export
promotion purposes, where the objective is to identify concentrations of
international marketing activity.
The OM series is designed to measure the transportation origin of exports--
i.e., the state from which an export product began its journey to the port of exit.
The OM series is best suited for the planning of transportation facilities and the
marketing of transportation services.
A key difference is that the EL series can track export sales of states, metropolitan areas,
and zip codes (three-digit level). OM statistics, in contrast, are available at the state level only.
While the two sets of numbers have many differences, the EL and OM data also have some
similarities:
93
Neither series provides a complete and accurate representation of the
production origin of U.S. export merchandise. This is true for most non-
manufactured exports and for about one-fourth of manufactured exports. (The
remaining three-fourths of U.S. manufactured exports are generated by
manufacturers who do their own exporting. For these shipments the production
origin, sales origin, and transportation origin are generally the same.)
EL and OM statistics are available for merchandise only. No subnational data
currently exist on exports of services.
Subnational import figures do not exist on either an EL or OM basis. The
Census Bureau only compiles subnational import data on a customs district basis,
which essentially measures port activity and is not comparable with the data being
discussed here.
It may be helpful to think of the two subnational export series as different pieces of the same
puzzle. Divergent figures for exports from a given state should be viewed as complementary, not
contradictory. Taken together, the data can provide a reasonable picture of export activity in
one's area.
The bottom line is that proper use of U.S. subnational export data requires an
understanding of the strengths and limitations of each series and the purposes for which they
are intended. The following sections provide a more detailed look at the technical issues which
data users need to keep in mind. Additional questions should be directed to the Foreign Trade
Division, Special Projects Branch, Room 3132, FB-3, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.,
20230. Inquiries can also be faxed to (301) 457-2104.
Exporter Location Series: Tool for Export Promotion
The Exporter Location (EL) series is the newest and least known set of subnational export
figures. The EL series typically allocates exports to locations from which the goods were
sold-i.e., it traces U.S. exports to the source of the export initiative. The series is geared to
the needs of export promoters and those who provide U.S. firms with export support services
(e.g., financing, shipping, telecommunications). Such data users need to pinpoint concentrations
of export marketing activity in order to target customers and focus their sales forces.
In more technical terms, the EL series assigns export values to subnational units based on the
location of exporters, as determined by zip codes reported on U.S. export declarations. The term
"exporter", as defined on shippers' export declarations (SEDs), is the "entity principally
responsible for effecting export from the United States." All figures in the series are on an f.a.s.
basis (free alongside ship) and include both domestic exports and reexports.
Given that it is zip-code-based, the EL series, unlike origin-of-movement data, can be
tabulated at the substate level. Export data can be compiled for metro areas and even individual
three-digit zip codes (subject, of course, to compliance with U.S. disclosure regulations, which
prohibit release of proprietary business information).
94
Statistical research at the Census Bureau indicates that the EL series is a reliable measure
of export marketing activity. For 42 states, there is a correlation (Pearson's R) of .90 or higher
between (1) the state location indicated by zip code entries on export declarations and (2) the
known state location of exporters. [This finding was derived from the Commerce Department's
1987 Exporter Data Base (EDB), which provides a definitive listing of U.S. exporters in that year.
The correlations were obtained using a sample of records that represented 50 percent of the value
of U.S. merchandise exports in 1987. The sample consisted of those SEDs which could be linked
to Census Bureau files on the businesses which submitted the export declarations. The linkage
was achieved using a variety of information entered on the SEDs, including Employer
Identification Number (EIN), commodity code, and zip code. Because zip codes were used as a
linkage criterion, resulting correlations may be biased and higher than they might otherwise be.]
All data users should keep in mind that the Exporter Location series is not designed to
ascertain the state and local pattern of U.S. export production or export-related jobs. Again,
the EL series measures export sales activity by exporters of record. Locations from which firms
sell their products do not always coincide with the locations where export goods are produced.
Alaska is perhaps the best example of how export production and sales can diverge. A high
proportion-possibly more than two-thirds-of Alaska's export production is typically sold by
wholesalers and other intermediary exporters that are located out-of-state. Only about one-third
of all exporters of Alaskan products are actually located in Alaska (possibly due to the state's
relatively remote geographic location and the prominence of commodities in the export mix). The
result is that the EL series allocates much Alaskan export production to other states.
While export intermediaries are an important influence on the statistics, other circumstances can
also cause production and sales locations to diverge. For instance, the marketing division of an
exporting company, not the manufacturing division, may be the exporter of record. In such cases,
and where marketing and manufacturing operations are separated geographically, the state and/or
city of the exporter of record will differ from the state and/or city where the goods were
produced.
Moreover, the divergence between production and sales locations means that EL statistics will
sometimes show substantial exports of manufactured products from states or localities where
manufacturing plants are virtually nonexistent. This can happen if wholesalers and other
intermediaries are active exporters, are located in a non-industrial area, and are supplied by non-
local or out-of-state producers. A good hypothetical example is industrial machinery that is
manufactured in the Midwest but which is sold by intermediaries located in Nevada.
There are, nevertheless, instances when the EL series can be a useful indicator of export
production. This is because, while export marketing and production locations do not necessarily
have to coincide, many times they do happen to coincide. Statistical research at the Census
Bureau shows that, for manufacturing establishments that export, the zip code location of the
exporter of record is the same as the physical location of the exporter's production about 88
percent of the time (by value).
One reason for geographic convergence of marketing and production functions is that many
exporters are small, single-establishment operations where everything-manufacturing marketing,
95
distribution, servicing--is housed under one roof. The 1987 Exporter Data Base found that 83
percent of all U.S. exporters (86,872 out of 104,564 companies) were single-unit firms that
employed fewer than 500 people. Such firms were responsible for somewhat under 30 percent
of total U.S. exports.
Currently, there is no listing of states for which the EL series provides a reasonable indication of
export production. Research is underway to clarify the situation. Generally speaking, it appears
that, for a given state, the EL series is indicative of export production when most of the following
are true: (1) wholesalers and other intermediaries are relatively minor exporters, (2)
manufacturers-particularly single-unit firms--are especially prominent exporters, (3) the state is
known to produce the products being exported, (4) the value of the state's exports in the EL series
is close to the value specified in the Origin of Movement series.
Data users should be aware that, for many states, the EL series tends to modestly understate
the level of exports. This is because the Census Bureau, faced with missing or invalid zip codes
on many SEDs, is unable to assign about 8 percent of the value of U.S. exports to individual states
($48.7 billion out of $622.8 billion in 1995).
This report, as well as other state and local export reports issued by the International Trade
Administration (ITA), makes no attempt to adjust the EL data to eliminate the "unallocated"
category. However, a modified state-level EL series is available from the Massachusetts Institute
of Social and Economic Research (MISER) of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
MISER's EL series, although based on Census Bureau tapes, applies a formula to "unallocated"
data, breaking down the category and reassigning export values to individual states and industries
within the states. As a result, EL-based state export figures obtained from MISER are not fully
comparable with EL data obtained directly from the Census Bureau or International Trade
Administration.
EL-based state export figures are available from MISER beginning with the first quarter of 1993.
Comparable data for earlier years are not available. Also, MISER presently does not provide EL-
based metro-area export data. MISER data can be obtained either directly (phone 413-545-3460)
or on CD-ROM from the U.S. Commerce Department's National Trade Data Bank (for
subscription information call 703-487-4630).
Those interested in the unmodified EL series, which includes the "unallocated" category, can
obtain state export totals from the monthly Census Bureau publication, Supplement to U.S.
International Trade in Goods and Services (report FT900). More detailed data are also available
directly from the Bureau. Contact the Foreign Trade Division at (301) 457-2311.
Any industry data in the current report are limited to the two-digit SIC (Standard Industrial
Classification) level of detail. Further disaggregation of export data for metro areas does not
appear to be possible given existing regulations governing federal disclosure of protected business
information. At the state level, further product disaggregation may be technically feasible, but
would entail significantly greater cost and additional measures to prevent unauthorized disclosure.
Similarly, all state export data provided to the public by MISER and the Census Bureau are also
limited to the two-digit level.
96
Also, data users should be aware that all subnational export statistics in the EL series (as
well as the OM series) are based on initial data compiled from U.S. export declarations.
Subsequent revisions by the Census Bureau (e.g., carryover and "13th month" revisions) are not
reflected in the numbers.
Origin of Movement Series: Tool for Transportation Planning
The Origin of Movement (OM) series is the most widely-used and best known set of statistics
on subnational U.S. export performance. A major reason for its popularity is the availability
of an unbroken quarterly time series stretching back to 1987. This makes it possible to examine
long-term trends. The EL series, in contrast, only became available to the public in 1993. As
a result, historical coverage is spotty (although ITA has published EL export totals for states for
1987 and 1991-96).
As the name implies, the OM series seeks to determine the "origin of movement" of exports--
i.e., the site from which exports begin their journey to the port of exit. Essentially, the origin
of movement is the same thing as the transportation origin of exports. Indeed, the series was
developed to meet the needs of the U.S. transportation industry, which required information on
the domestic physical movement of export goods to aid planning and facilitate the delivery of
transport services. All statistics in the OM series (like the EL series) are on an f.a.s. basis and
include both domestic exports and reexports.
The OM series, like the EL series, consists of information compiled from Shippers' Export
Declarations. However, data for the OM series are tabulated from the "point of origin" block
on the SED, whereas the EL series is based on a different block, which requests the zip code of
the exporter of record.
To identify the origin of movement, instructions for filling out the SED specify that shippers
should choose from among the following definitions for "point of origin":
(1) The state in which the merchandise actually starts its journey to the port of export.
This can be either the location of the factory where the export item was produced or, in
many cases, the location of a distributor, regional warehouse, or cargo processing facility.
(2) The state of the commodity having the greatest dollar value in a multi-product
shipment.
(3) The "state of consolidation," which is the state in which various parts of a multi-
product export order are readied for shipment.
(4) The Foreign Trade Zone for exports leaving an FTZ (an FTZ is similar in principle
to a bonded warehouse). Using the FTZ "state of origin" definition, an export produced
in Ohio, but shipped from an FTZ located in Florida, would show up in state export
statistics as a Florida export.
97
Because "point of origin" is defined primarily in terms of state location, the OM series (in
contrast to the zip-code-based EL series) cannot provide export statistics for metro areas or
zip codes. This is a key limitation of the data.
Moreover, given the broad parameters for identifying the point of origin, it should be
abundantly clear that the OM series, like the EL series, was not designed to measure the
state and local distribution of U.S. export production or export-related jobs. The focus is
transportation origin, not manufacturing origin.
There are nonetheless many cases when the state origin of movement and the state of
production happen to be the same. This is similar to the situation with the EL series, where zip
code locations of exporters also frequently coincide with locations of export production. In the
OM series, the origin of movement and origin of production are often identical because many
manufacturers ship exports directly from the factory gate, or from a nearby distribution facility.
The overlap is considerable: The Census Bureau has found that manufacturers-who account for
about 56 percent of total U.S. exports and roughly 64 percent of U.S. manufactured exports-enter
the state of production in the SED's "point of origin" block about 85 percent of the time (by
value).
As in the case of the EL series, we can provide no listing of states for which the Origin of
Movement series is a good proxy for export production. Additional research is needed in this
area. As a general rule, however, it appears that the OM series (like the EL series) is indicative
of export production when (1) intermediaries are minor exporters in a state, (2) manufacturers,
especially single-unit firms, dominate exports, (3) the state is a known producer of the products
being exported, and (4) the OM and EL values of exports from the state are similar.
Like the EL series, the OM series in some cases will show considerable manufactured exports
from states that are known to have little manufacturing capability. This is partly attributable
to export marketing by in-state intermediaries (similar to the situation with EL statistics). As
noted earlier, these exporters frequently ship manufactures produced by out-of-state suppliers from
in-state distribution centers. Another factor is shipments of manufactures from in-state
warehouses and other distribution centers that are arranged by exporters located out-of-state. In
both cases, manufactured exports from the non-industrial state are magnified on an origin-of-
movement basis.
A limitation of the OM series is that, in certain cases, it falls short of its goal of measuring
transportation origin. The problem stems from the fact that, for about 56 percent of their
exports, intermediaries list the state in which they are located--which is not necessarily the origin
of movement-in the "point of origin" block on SEDs. For most remaining transactions,
intermediaries specify the state location of the port of exit-which very often is not the state where
goods began their export journey.
The result is significant inconsistencies in the state-level, origin-of-movement allocation of
exports sold by intermediaries. The primary impact is on the state distribution of
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nonmanufactured exports--where intermediaries are overwhelmingly dominant (nonmanufactures
typically constitute about 18 percent of total U.S. exports). Most affected is the allocation of
exports of farm products, minerals, and other bulk commodities--virtually all of which are sold
abroad by intermediaries. The impact on manufactured exports is much more limited, due to the
fact that intermediaries account for only about one-third of U.S. exports of manufactures.
The most visible result of the problem is a tendency to understate, on an origin-of-movement
basis, exports from some agricultural states and overstate exports from states having ports
that handle high-value shipments of farm products (e.g., Louisiana).
Yet another data issue is that some shippers fail to fill in the "point of origin" block on the SED,
or furnish invalid or illegible entries. Consequently, the Census Bureau is typically unable to
determine the state origin of movement for about 10 percent of the value of U.S. exports. Again,
as in the case of the Exporter Location series, MISER makes available a modified set of OM
figures that eliminates the "unallocated" category. These numbers, like the modified EL series,
can be obtained either directly from MISER or from the NTDB (see contact information above).
Those interested in unmodified OM statistics (as well as the EL series) can obtain state export
totals from the Census Bureau's monthly FT900 Supplement, cited above. More detailed statistics
that show state exports by industry group are also available in machine-readable form. For further
information, contact the Bureau's Foreign Trade Division on (301) 457-2311. The issuance of
industry-level OM data, like EL statistics, is currently limited to the two-digit SIC level of detail.
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
OFFICE OF THB SOLICITOR
CF LABOR
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20210
UNITED STATES OF DEPARTMENT
September 8, 1997
NOTE FOR LEE SATTERFIELD
FROM:
DAVITT McATEER
SUBJECT: Labor Law and Employer Threats to Move Plants Outside the U.S.
You had asked me for information concerning the legality of employer threats to close and move
plants.
The law can be summarized this way:
Under certain circumstances, the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) makes it an
unfair labor practice for an employer to close a plant or to threaten to do so. (Note that
the NLRA is enforced by the National Labor Relations Board, not the Department of
Labor.)
A plant closing is unlawful if it is motivated by anti-union considerations, as opposed to
legitimate economic motives. For example, an employer may not move a plant to Mexico
to avoid dealing with a labor union. In such a case, the NLRB may order the employer to
reopen the plant.
While threats to closc a plant are unlawful because they interfere with workers' rights to
organize and bargain collectively under the NLRA, an employer may express his opinion
about plant closings. The NLRA specifically protects employers' free speech rights.
Distinguishing between a threat and an opinion--including a lawful prophecy that the
employer may close the plant--can be difficult. Each case depends on its facts. Exactly
what the employer says, and the context of his statement, makes all the difference.
If an unlawful threat is made during an union organizing drive or representation election,
the NLRB may order a new election.
As you probably know, in June 1997, the Secretariat of the Commission for Labor Cooperation,
an international organization created under NAFTA by the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, issued a
report on plant closings and labor rights: "The Effects of Sudden Plant Closings on Freedom of
Association and the Right 10 Organize in Canada, Mexico, and the United States." (In advance of
the report's release, Andrew Samet submitted briefing material to the Secretary, summarizing the
report and the Department's suggested position. I assume you have access to this material.)
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The Labor Secretariat's report addressed a number of issues, including the enforcement of U.S.
labor law involving plant closings and threats of plant closings. I have attached an excerpt from
the report, which fairly summarizes the law in this area.
The report observed that "plant closings and threats of plant closings can have adverse affects on
workers' freedom of association and right to organize in the [NAFTA] countries." With respect
to the enforcement of U.S. labor law, the Labor Secretariat reached a mixed conclusion:
In the United States, labor law authorities effectively enforce the
law with respect to determining violations and ordering remedies,
including orders to reopen closed facilities and rehire affected
workers. The General Counsel and the regional directors of the
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) actively prosecute plant
closing and threat cases with a high level of success before the
NLRB and the courts. However, while NLRB enforcement is
effective in the cases it takes to a conclusion, many instances of
plant closings or threats of closing that continue to occur never
reach the stage of a final decision. Taking such cases to a litigated
conclusion involves a lengthy, multi-stage process subject to
numerous appeals that is often foregone by potential complainants.
Report, P. 105 (emphasis added).
Three points might be made on this topic:
(1)
Current law can and does protect workers against threats of plant closings.
(2)
As the NAFTA Labor Secretariat found, the National Labor Relations Board
enforces the law effectively.
(3)
The Administration strongly supports the NLRB's efforts in this area. We are
committed 10 getting the Board the resources it needs for effective enforcement.
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Part One: Legal Frameworks
PART ONE: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS14
UNITED STATES
The U.S. legal framework regarding the effects of plant closings on freedom of
association and the right of workers to organize encompasses two central issues in
labor law jurisprudence: (1) motivation for a closing, and (2) the difference
between a lawful expression of any views, argument, or opinion, and an unlowful
threat of reprisal.
The key issue in a plant closing except where an employer goes completely out of
business 1 see (1) below) is whether the closing is motivated by anti-union
considerations, often called "anti-union animus" in legal proceedings, or by
unbiased economic considerations. An anti-union plant closing is unlawful and
may be remedied by an order to reopen the facility and rehire the workers. An
economic closing is lawful. although there may be related legal obligations such as
advance notice requirements, accrued benefits, health insurance continuation, or
contractually required severance pay.
In threat cases in which an employer makes statements on the possibility of the
plant closing if workers unionize, the issue is whether such statements amount to a
threat of reprisal against workers' organizing efforts. or are simply an expression of
views, argument, or opinion that do not contain a threat of reprisal. A threat of
reprisal is an unfair labor practice, whereas expressions of any views, argument, or
opinion are allowed under the law.
Decisions of the NLRB and federal courts have established the following basic
principles in cases involving plant closings or threats of plant closing in connection
with workers' organizing efforts:
1) An employer may not close a plant to avoid dealing with a union. to retaliate
against workers for forming a union. or to discourage union organizing at another
facility of the employer. Such an unfair labor practice may be remedied by an
order to reopen the plant and rehire the employees. However, an employer may
14 The legal frameworks presented here cover general private sector labor law. Each
country has special constitutional or statutory regimes for public sector employment In federal,
state or provincial, and subordinate jurisdictions. The countries also have special legislation for
certain private sector industries or occupations. These specialized legal systems are not
treated here,
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lawfully decide to go completely out of business and ceas crating altogether,
even for an anti-union motivation.¹⁵
2) An e mployer may close a plant for legitimate economic considerations if the
closing is not motivated by anti-union considerations.
3) An employer may not threaten to close a plant in reprisal for union activity.
4) An employer may express any views, argument, or opinion about plant closings
or other possible consequences of unionization, as long as such expression contains
no threat of reprisal or force or promise of benefit.
The cases that arise in U.S. labor law posing issues of plant closings or threats of
plant closing in connection with workers' right to organize are among the most
difficult and complex in labor jurisprudence. There is no "rule" for such cases,
because proving motivation (anti-union versus economic), or proving whether
certain statements amount to an unlawful threat or a lawful "expression of views,
argument. or opinion," is always a matter of interpretation of the evidence.
Each case depends on a unique set of facts and circumstances that are brought
out in a trial before an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) of the NLRB. The judge's
decision may then be appealed to the NLRB in Washington, D.C., and the Board's
decision may be appealed to one of 12 federal circuit courts of appeal. whose
own decisions may be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Elements of the U.S. Legal Framework
Common Law Rights of Ownership
As a general principle, the common law places no restrictions on an owner's power
to dispose of means of production through sale, lease. transfer, relocation,
shutdown or other form of alienability because of such a transaction's effects on
workers. Until passage of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (NLRA or
"Wagner Act," after the name of its author in the U.S. Senate) and its upholding by
the U.S. Supreme Court in 1937, U.S. employers enjoyed unfettered power to close a
plant in response to unionization drives by their employees, or to threaten plant
closings if their employees chose union representation.
Notwithstanding this, much of U.S. heavy industry was unionized in the 1930's and
1940's through mass organizing drives and "sit down" strikes. An actual closing was
not so easy at large-scale industrial plants representing huge investments, which
15 See Textile Workers Union V. Darlington Mfg. Co., 380 U.S. 263 (1965).
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characterized the period of the early 20th century. Many of these plants in the
steel, auto, electrical, rubber, aircraft and other mass production industries were
relatively new, vertically Integrated and highly productive, so employers could not
easily "walk away" from them, or credibly threaten to close them. if workers
unionized.¹⁶
The NLRA
The NLRA changed the law regarding plant closings and threats of plant closing
related to workers' organizing efforts. The Wagner Act affirmed workers' freedom of
association. defined certain anti-union conduct as an "unfair labor practice" and
prohibited such conduct.
Section 7 of the NLRA extended to most private sector employees "the right to self-
organization, to form, join or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively
through representatives of their own choosing. and to engage in other concerted
activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or
protection."
The Wagner Act also created a means to protect these rights by defining unfair
labor practices in Sections 8(a)(1) and 8(a)(3) of the NLRA. An unfair labor practice
violates the law and is subject to the remedies provided by the Act.
An anti-union plant closing, or a threat to close a plant in reprisal for workers'
organizing activity, violates Section 8(a)(1) of the NLRA. which makes it an unfair
labor practice to "interfere with, restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed in Section 7." The Act empowers the NLRB to issue "cease-and-
desist" orders and other remedial steps to prevent 8(a)(1) violations.
Closing a plant in retaliation for union activity also violates Section 8(a)(3) of the
Act, which defines the unfair labor practice of "discrimination in regard to hire or
tenure of employment to encourage or discourage membership in any labor
organization."
The Act provides for reinstatement and back pay (or other "make-whole"
remedies) for workers who are discharged or otherwise discriminated against for
such activity. For workers affected by a plant closing. the remedy may include an
14 Recall that in the case that gave rise to submission no. 9501 OAN/Mex and the
Ministerial Consultations that prompted this Report, the workplace was a telemarketing facility
consisting essentially of offices, cubicles and telephone tines and phones. The work was shifted
to another U.S. city after the closing of the factity. For another example of capital mobility in
the new global economy. see Mike Mills, "with Click of a Mouse, White-Collar Jobs Go
Overseas," The Washington Post, September 17. 1996. at Al.
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order to reopen the plant and reemploy the workers. The Act also empowers the
Labor Board to set aside on election and order o new election if plant closing
threats destroyed "laboratory conditions" for employee free choice of
representation, whether or not an unfair labor practice charge is filed.
The Employer Free Speech Clause of the Taft-Hartley Act
While the Wagner Act of 1935 has been described as "Labor's Magna Carta," the
1947 Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA or "Taft-Hartley Act." after its
legislative sponsors) reflected management interests. Opposed by U.S. unions as an
anti-labor law while supported by management as a restoration of balance in the
law. the LMRA added a new clause, Section 8(c), known as the "employer free
speech" provision. It states that:
"The expressing of any views, argument, or opinion. or the dissemination thereof,
whether in written. printed. graphic or visual form. shall not constitute or be
evidence of on unfair labor practice under any of the provisions of this Act, if such
expression contains no threat of reprisal or force or promise of benefit."
Section 8(c) codified a trend in court rulings that established the employer's right to
communicate its views on unionization to employees. In the decades since then,
the NLRB and the courts have introduced complicated and often shifting rules
about how strongly, directly. OF aggressively employers may speak out against
unionization, including through such devices as "captive audience meetings"
where workers are required to hear management speeches against union
organization. Under these rules. employers are allowed to discuss with employees
the possible consequences of unionization, including plant closings. as long as the
employer's statements do not contain a "threat of reprisal or force or promise of
benefit."
Critics have long argued that management's ability to discuss plant closings,
however apparently neutral the discussion may be, inherently amounts to a threat
of reprisal given the employer's acknowledged power to close a facility. Defenders
of 8(c) argue that management cannot be denied its free speech rights to convey
its opposition to unionization and to objectively discuss issues, including plant
closings, as long as the discussion does not amount to a threat. Since this is a matter
of interpretation of management statements, the NLRB and the courts closely
scrutinize such statements in the overall context of company actions in an
organizing campaign. The result is that the Board or the courts might find the same
words permissible in one case and an unlawful threat in another case. Each case
rises and falls on its own unique facts and circumstances as to whether employer
statements stop short of a threat, or cross the line and become a threat.
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Significantly, the Taft-Hartley Act did not diminish Section 7 rights or change the
Wagner Act's definitions of unfair labor practices by employers. Sections 8(a)(1)
and (3) of the Act remained intact. The statute preserved the unlawfulness of
threats to close a plant to discourage union activity, and of the actual closing of a
plant in reprisal for union activity.
Plant Closings: The Wright Line Test
in plant closing cases the issue of motivation is paramount. Did the employer close
for legitimate economic reasons or for unlawful anti-union reasons? This issue is
even more difficult in "mixed motive" cases where both considerations are present.
The NLR8 and the courts apply the same test to plant closing cases as they apply to
unfair labor practice cases alleging the discriminatory discharge of an individual
employee for attempting to form a union. The employer usually responds that the
employee was terminated for legitimate reasons such as absenteeism, misconduct,
poor performance and so on. Such cases can be either a "pretext" case, alleging
that the employer's excuse is completely false and fabricated, or a "mixed motive"
case, where there is some evidence of employee wrongdoing as well as evidence
of anti-union motivation.
The test for such cases was elaborated in the NLRB's Wright Line decision? Under
this ruling. the NLRB General Counsel first has the burden of proving that the
employee's union activity was a motivating factor in the employer's action. If the
General Counsel establishes a case of apparent anti-union motivation, the burden
of proof shifts to the employer to demonstrate that the discharge was for
legitimate, job-related causes. If the employer fails to prove any legitimate cause, it
is a pretext case, and the employee is reinstated regardless of the degree of
unlawful anti-union motivation. If the employer succeeds in proving some level of
legitimate, business-related motivation. it is a mixed motive case. The employer
must prove that the employee would have been terminated even in the absence
of an anti-union motivation.
Plant closing cases usually pose the issue even more starkly. An employer can
nearty always present some legitimate business reason for closing a plant, which is
a much weightier action than discharging an individual employee. Thus, these
cases usually present the mixed motive posture. The General Counsel first has the
burden of showing that anti-union motivation is an element in the decision to close.
Evidence could include such matters as the timing of the closing in relation to the
union organizing effort. or statements by managers and supervisors suggesting that
"Wright Line, A Div. Of Wright Line, Inc., 251 N.L.R.B. 1083(1980). enf'd, 662 F.2d 899 (1st
Clr. 1981). cert. denied, 455 U.S. 989 (1982).
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the closing is related to the unionization. The burden then simis to the employer to
show that the decision to close would have been made anyway, and to provide
evidence of business, accounting, marketing or other economic considerations
motivating the decision.
Threats of Plant Closing: The Gissel Balancing Test
In the landmark Gissel case." the U.S. Supreme Court established the standards for
balancing an employer's right to express any views, argument, or opinion on plant
closings with the employees' right to organize. The court stated that balancing
those rights "must take into account the economic dependence of the employees
on their employers" and the "necessary tendency" of employees to perceive
implied threats in statements "that might be more readily dismissed by a more
disinterested ear."
An employer may make a prediction as to the precise effect he believes
unionization will have. but such di prediction must be carefully phrased on the basis
of objective fact involving demonstrably probable consequences beyond his
control. If there is any implication that the employer may take action for reasons
unrelated to economic necessity, the statement is an unlawful threat.
Remedies
The NLRB normally views an order to reopen the plant and rehire the workers as the
proper remedy for an anti-union plant closing, unless the employer can
demonstrate that reopening would endanger its continued viability. In this case
remedies are usually limited to back pay. The Board may order the employer to
offer employment to affected workers at other facilities of the employer, and to
pay workers' moving costs to a new location. It should be recalled, however, that
such remedies apply only when the employer relocates work or maintains
operations elsewhere. Under the Darlington doctrine there is no remedy when an
employer goes entirely out of business for anti-union motivations.
NLRB decisions are routinely appealed to the federal courts. While generally the
courts maintain a doctrine of "deference" to the Board's specialized expertise in
labor relations matters. federal courts may reverse or modify Board decisions. in
plant closing cases, some federal courts make the test one of "undue burden" on
the employer rather than the Mability of the enterprise. Under this standard, NLRB
orders to reopen a plant are sometimes overtumed by the federal court reviewing
the Board's decision.
10 NLRB V. Gissel Packing Co., 395 U.S. 575 (1969)
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The remedy for plant closing threats is different from the remedy for a closing. The
normal remedy for plant closing threats is a "cease-and-desist" order. The NLRB
orders the employer (1) to cease and desist from threatening to close the plant,
and (2) to repudiate the earlier threats by posting a notice at the workplace
promising not to repeat the threat. In some cases the Board orders the employer to
repudiate the threat in the same manner that the threat was made - in a letter to
employees' homes, for example, or in a meeting with employees.
Critics argue that the mere posting of a notice or other promise not to repeat the
threat is an empty remedy. They maintain that the effect of the threat remains.
despite the employer's new statements to the contrary as ordered by the NLRB,
because of the employer's inherent power to carry out the threat. This argument is
not accepted in U.S. labor law jurisprudence. However, U.S. law does provide that
in extraordinary cases where plant closing threats are part of a pattern of massive
unfair labor practices that destroy a union's majority support and make a fair
election impossible, the NLRB is empowered to issue an order to the employer to
recognize and bargain with the union without an election, or even if the union lost
the election. This is also based on the Gissel ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Plant Closings and Threats at an Already-Unlonized Plant
The discussion up to now has focused on the effects of plant closings or threats of
plant closing on workers attempting to form a new union. Another line of labor
jurisprudence involves cases affecting workers who have already formed a union
and established a bargaining relationship with the employer through one or more
collective bargaining agreements!9
The same basic issues of anti-union motivation versus economic justification. and
prediction versus threat of réprisal. arise in cases where already-unionized plants
are closed or where threats of plant closing are made in the course of colléctive
bargaining. Normally in such cases, however, closings or threats are seen as
reflecting on employer's desire to achieve cost reductions. A viable unfair labor
practice case lies only if the employer demonstrates, by some action susceptible to
proof, an anti-union motivation or a desire to discourage union organizing at other
facilities.
"Because of the limits of this study and its focus on the effects of plant closings on
workers' right to organize, as distinct from the right to collective bargaining. the Issue of the
employer's duty to bargain with the union over a decision to close the plant (as apposed to
the effects of the decision to close), and the distinction between mandatory and permissive
subjects of bargaining (a distinction that does not exist in Canadian or Mexican labor law).
are not discussed here. See First National Maintenance Corp. V. NLRB, 452 U.S. 666 (1981).
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Employers normally have avoilable managers, planners. consultants, and
accountants who can provide documentary evidence of the claimed business
justification. Workers and unions can only claim to "know" that the closing or the
threat is motivated by anti-unionism, while having great difficulty proving it.
This poses the central, unresolved problem of plant closings and their effects on
workers' right to organize under U.S. labor law: how can the right be sufficiently
protected when the law subordinates It to a plausible economic motive for
closing? Since union organization and collective bargaining are normally seen by
managers as imposing additional costs, there is almost always in management's
view on element of economic rationality or business justification in avoiding or
eliminating a union. This rationale applies equally to o closing where 0 new union
organizing campaign is under way, where a union has won bargaining rights and is
seeking a first contract, or to the closing of an already-unionized plant.
20 See. for example, Roger W. Schmenner, Making Business Location Decisions (1982), a
study that equated "favorable labor climate" with non-union status. and concluded that "[a]
new workforce that is nearly Impossible to organize is perhaps the most prized side benefit of a
new plant site. and It is the controlling consideration for many companies." (at 37, 156-157):
Thomas O. Kochan et. al., The Transformation of American Industrial Relations (1986). discussing
union avoidance as a foctor in U.S. corporate investment and plant closing decisions (at 66-
76).
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Unfair Labor Practice Proceedings Under U.S. Law
1. Investigation of the Charge
Acting under the authority of the General Counsel, the NLRB Regional Director first
conducts an investigation of the unfair labor practice charge. The investigation
includes taking sworn statements If also allows opportunity for union or employer
counsel to submit position papers and to argue on behalf of their client for the
issuance of 0 complaint or dismissal of the charge.
2. Complaint or Dismissal
The Regional Director issues a complaint upon a finding that the charge is
"meritorious"- that is, if the findings of o preliminary investigation support the facts
alleged in the charge, and the facts alleged, if true, would constitute an unfair
labor practice. If not, the charge is dismissed. No appeal is allowed to the NLRB or
to the courts of a decision by the General Counsel to dismiss an unfair labor
practice charge.
3. ALJ Hearing
If the parties do not settle a complaint, the case goes forward to a trial of the facts
before an ALJ. The ALJ hears the examination and cross-examination of witnesses.
and rules on the admissibility of evidence and testimony. The General Counsel (that
is, an NLRB staff attorney representing the General Counsel) prosecutes a case
before the ALJ. with assistance of counsel for the charging party. The ALJs evaluate
witnesses' credibility, examine documents and other exhibits for their probative
weight, and make findings of fact and findings of law. They issue a written decision
in the case determining whether the charged party has committed an unfair labor
practice. and explaining the reasons for such a determination. (See Table 1 for
statistics on NLRB unfair labor practice proceedings through these stages 1990-
1995).
4. Appeal to the NLRB
ALJ decisions may be appealed to the NLRB for a review of the record in the case,
which includes the transcript of the trial before the ALJ and all documentary
evidence. The Board can offirm or reverse, in whole or in part, the AU decision. In
complex or novel cases, the NLRB might hear oral arguments by parties to the
case, The Board Issues a written decision in the case either adopting the ALJ
decision without further comment, or offering its own reasoning for deciding how to
treat the case. In contrast to Canadian and Mexican law, U.S. NLRB decisions are
29
SENT BY:OFFICE OF SECRETARY
; 9- 8-97 ; 4:31PM ;
DOL-
2024567929 #13/13
Plant Closings and Labor Rights
not self-enforcing. A party may refuse to abide by the Board 5 ruling, forcing the
NURB to initiate new legal proceedings to have its order enforced by the courts.
5. Appeal to the Federal Courts
The NLRB' decision may then be appealed to a federal court of appeals in one of
2judida circuits divided geographically among several states The courts of
appedismantain. a general policy of deference to the adminis trative expertise of
the NERB, but che same time the'co (consider) he subs once of a case and
may overrule the Badrd.on.ine ments some circuit courts are more deferential to
are more (orceful in reviewing the subsiance of Board decisions
and overtuming them when the court disagrees
Deckions by the ederal reult courts of appeals maybe appealed to the U.S.
Supreme Court: Only o D small percentage ofcases are accepted forteview by the
Supreme Court As a result, despite the generatrule of uniform federal law
governing labor relations in the U.S., conflicting doctrines on certain aspects of the
law may prevail in different judicial circuits
30
X 54549
ASSISTING TRADE-RELATED DISPLACED WORKERS:
POLICY OPTIONS
I.
Possible Administrative Actions to Improve Implementation and Delivery of
Adjustment Assistance Services [cost estimates to be developed]
Outreach
Improve public awareness of and access to TAA, NAFTA-TAA, and JTPA Title III services
and
available to workers directly or indirectly affected by imports.
Early
Intervention
Develop public information campaign.
Implement targeted approach to identify and advise workers in firms indirectly affected
by NAFTA about their rights to petition for benefits under JTPA Title III (1-a & b).
Develop guidelines for both TAA and NAFTA-TAA state outreach efforts and oversee
their implementation (2-a).
Issue policy guidelines that encourage provision of rapid response assistance for all
substantial layoffs and closures, prior to any notice that the event is trade-related (3-a).
Issue policy guidelines that encourage NAFTA-TAA, TAA, and JTPA Title III
collaboration on worker adjustment committees and in planning the delivery of
comprehensive services to trade-related dislocated workers who are entitled to
benefits under TAA or NAFTA-TAA (3-b).
Program
Improve the timeliness and effectiveness of program services.
Administration
Develop and implement outcome-based performance measures for workers who
received TAA or NAFTA-TAA benefits and services (2-b).
Develop guidelines which further restrict granting of waivers from the training
requirement under TAA and monitor to ensure compliance by the states (2-c.1).
Shorten the determination period on a TAA petition from 60 to 40 days (2-c2/6-2b.1)
Coverage
Extend JTPA Title III services to workers employed by suppliers of products to or downstream
processors for firms whose workers have been certified eligible for TAA [may require
Statement of Administrative Action] (6-2e.1/6-2e.2).
II.
Possible Legislative Actions to Reauthorize or Modify Programs
[cost estimates to be developed]
TAA,
Seek a simple 4-year extension of both the TAA and NAFTA-TAA programs (6-1).
NAFTA-TAA
Add shift in production to any country to the current TAA criteria for worker
certification; or delete shift in production to Mexico or Canada from NAFTA-TAA
criteria (6-2a.1 /6-2a.2).
Eliminate TAA waiver (from training requirement) authority (6-2c).
Require early enrollment in training as a condition for income support under TAA (6-
2d).
Seek a base annual amount for adjustment assistance and a larger contingency
amount whose disbursal would be triggered by a Secretary of Labor's finding that a
needs test was met (OMB-1).
Pell Grants
Require prospective income accounting for all individuals with a documented severe
income loss; or use prospective income for trade-related dislocated workers (OMB-2).
Make Pell grants available for non-degree or certificate programs, and for individuals
who already hold a bachelor's degree who need additional coursework (OMB-5).
WARN Law
To improve compliance and coverage to achieve early intervention
Amend WARN to provide the Secretary of Labor with enforcement authority, modeled
on the Fair Labor Standards Act (5-1).
Amend WARN's statutory thresholds on the proportion and absolute number of
workers affected by a layoff (5-2).
III.
Coordinated Community-Based Approach to Trade-Affected Areas
[Possible Administrative and Legislative Actions-cost estimates to be developed]
Coordination
Establish an interagency coordination mechanism to avoid duplication in services;
explore options and develop an action plan to respond to economic development and
job creation needs (4).
To facilitate and target early adjustment assistance intervention, develop a mechanism
to forecast regions and industries most likely to be affected by trade liberalization (7).
Based on the EZ/EC program, structure federal grant competitions to provide more
benefits to trade-related dislocated workers and their communities (OMB-4).
Leveraging
Explore options available to coordinate worker adjustment programs with the activities
of the North American Development Bank and the Community Adjustment and
Investment Program (4).
Require relocating firms to provide compensation equal to 3 years of property tax to
communities affected by a company relocating to a foreign country; provide federal
grants equal to above payment; or expand funding for Title I services for Affected
School Districts (OMB-3).
Capacity
Seek the authority and funds to offer the services of DOD's Office of Economic
Building
Assistance to NAFTA-affected regions [possible funding for ETA demonstration
projects] (4; NEC-1).
Give priority to trade-related dislocated workers who apply for specific federal grants
(OMB-4).
Legislative
Develop a new designation or assign EZ/EC status to trade-affected communities
(OMB-4).
1. Outreach to Secondary Workers Employed in Firms Which Supply or Provide Upstream Processing for NAFTA-TAA Certified Firms
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
The Statement of Administrative
a. As part of the NAFTA-TAA
None
Increased public awareness of the
Program improvements can be
Action which accompanied
investigative process to certify
secondary workers provisions
accomplished within current
NAFTA-TAA provided that
directly affected workers, develop a
related to NAFTA-TAA.
administrative cost and program
secondary workers may apply for a
targeted approach to identify,
budget limitations.
determination under NAFTA-TAA
locate, and advise potentially
Possible increased demand for
and that workers are eligible for
eligible secondarily affected
JTPA Title III funds.
Any increased caseload resulting
services under Title III of the JTPA.
workers of their right to petition for
from greater awareness of program
benefits.
States would be expected to accept
benefits will result in increased
increased federal monitoring
demand for JTPA Title III funds.
b. Provide for wider dissemination
regarding their outreach efforts.
of information regarding the
secondary worker provisions of
NAFTA-TAA (including
specialized informational materials
and public service announcements).
2. Improved Implementation of TAA and NAFTA-TAA
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
a. Public Awareness of TAA and
Develop guidelines for state
None
Greater awareness of
Program improvements can be
NAFTA-TAA Programs
outreach efforts and conduct
TAA/NAFTA-TAA programs.
accomplished within current
reviews to ensure compliance.
administrative cost and program
While DOL has funded outreach
budget limitations.
efforts to increase public awareness,
no guidelines exist to ensure
consistency of information
disseminated by the states.
b. Performance Measures for the
Develop and implement
None required, but DOL could seek
Better tracking of TAA/NAFTA-
TAA and NAFTA-TAA Programs
performance measures, consistent
legislation mandating improved
TAA program effectiveness and
with the statutory requirements of
performance for low-performing
improved outcomes for participants.
Current reporting systems do not
GPRA, for outcomes of workers
states.
provice for the measurement of
who receive TAA and NAFTA-
outcomes following conculsion of
TAA benefits and services.
services.
c. Guidelines for the TAA and
NAFTA-TAA Programs
1. Waivers from Training
1. Develop guidelines which
None
Ensure that program benefits are
Restrictions on waivers and
Requirement under TAA
restrict granting of waivers and
focused on retraining worker for
increased caseload resulting from
conduct periodic reviews of
satisfactory reentry to the
greater awareness of programs may
Guidelines were issued December
practices by states to ensure
workforce.
require an increase in budget
1993 to narrow circumstances
compliance.
authority.
under which waivers are granted,
Additional data reporting
but application of guidelines has
requirements amy be placed upon
been inconsistent.
the states.
2. Determination Period for TAA
2. Reduce the determination period
None
More timely determinations for
?
Cases
for TAA cases to 40 days.
TAA.
While DOL has 40 days within
which to issue a determination for
NAFTA-TAA cases, the
determination period for TAA cases
has remained at 60 days.
3. Early Intervention/Rapid Response for Workers Who Petition for NAFTA-TAA and TAA
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
Under JTPA Title III, state
Take actions to standardize the
None
More effective service strategies for
No budgetary implications are
Dislocated Worker Units are
initiation of services to all
workers affected by trade.
expected.
responsible for designing and
dislocated workers, including those
managing rapid response activities
certified for NAFTA-TAA and
More systematic approach to
Although increased levels of
for substantial layoffs and plant
TAA.
readjustment services for all
services beyond rapid response
closures as well as for dislocation
dislocated workers that will
could put pressure on state funds,
events involving workers who have
Issue policy guidelines to the
facilitate their return to the
additional resources are available to
been preliminarily certified for
governors that:
workforce more quickly.
the states and other entities from
NAFTA-TAA. [There is no similar
JTPA Title III Secretary's National
requirement for those certified
a. Encourage the provision of rapid
Reserve Account. Any substantial
under TAA.]
response for all substantial layoffs
increases would be reflected in
and closures prior to any
budget requrests for JTPA Title III.
notification or determination that
the event may be trade-related;
Funds for rapid response activities
for dislocated workers are currently
b. Encourage NAFTA-TAA/TAA
authorized and funded under a
and JTPA Title III collaboration on
portion of the annual JTPA Title III
worker/employer committees and
formula allotments to the states
planning for a comprehensive
reserved for use by the governors
service strategy once it has been
(about 6% of Title III funds are
determined that workers are eligible
used for rapid response activities).
for NAFTA-TAA or TAA
entitlements.
Other early intervention strategies,
including basic readjustment
services, are funded through the
formula program.
4. Coordinated Community-Wide Approach to Providing Assistance to Areas Affected by NAFTA
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
Current authority under NAFTA-
Establish an interagency
Seek legislative authority to permit
Expand the job market in affected
Projects can be funded with
TAA does not provide for
coordinating committee to explore
demonstration economic
communities, especially those
resources currently available under
community economic development
options and develop an action plan
development and job creation
where few alternative employment
JTPA Title III, and resources
and job creation assistance.
to respond to the need for economic
activities, in combination with
opportunies exist.
identified from other federal
[However, DOL has gained
development and job creation in
other available resources, for areas
agencies and state and local funds
extensive experience through its
selected communities.
affected by NAFTA.
(including JTPA Title III formula
collaboration with DOD in its
allocations).
defense conversion activities that
include economic development and
Funds for the Secretary's JTPA
job creation programs and through
Title III National Reserve
similar activities undertaken to
demonstration opportunites might
assist community efforts in the
be tapped for these activities.
Northwest timber and salmon
initiatives.]
Additional resources would be
requested through the normal
Authority under other NAFTA-
budget process, if required.
related legislation provides for a
North American Development Bank
(NADBank) and a Community
Adjustment and Investment
Program (CAIP) under the
surpervision of the Treasury
Department with participation from
Agriculture, HUD, and SBA.
Under the Trade Act of 1974, the
Department of Commerce provides
technical assistance to firms
affected by trade through 12
regional technical assistance centers
(TACs). Also, Commerce's
Economic Development
Administration administers
community economic adjustment
programs.
At present, there is no coordinating
mechanism among these various
efforts.
5. Modification of the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
WARN requires that employers
None
1. Amend WARN to provide
1. Would ensure greater adherence
?
provide at least 60 days advanced
enforcement authority for the
to the Act's requirements and
notice of a plant closing or lass lay
Secretary of Labor. Similar to the
protect workers irrespective of their
off to affected workers. There are
Fair Labor Standards Act and the
economic status or access to private
statutorily-prescribed thresholds
enforcement of other labor
legal assistance.
that trigger the notification
standards, the enforcement
requirement: employers of 100 or
mechanism might provide for both
more full-time employees who lay
civil suits and federal agency
off at a single site during a 30-day
enforcement.
period at least one-third of the
employees (but not less than 50), or
2. Amend WARN the statutory
2. Would ensure that more workers
?
at least 500 employees.
thresholds that trigger notification
receive the benefits attributable to
requirements for mass layoffs. For
early noticification.
The employer is also required to
example, lower either the threshold
notify the local government and
for the proportion affected to a
State Dislocated Workers Unit
proportion below one-third, or
which is responsible for provision
lower the absolute number affected
of rapid responseadjustment
from 500 to 250.
services.
Remedies for failing to notify
affected workers are limited to
recovery of back pay and lost
benefits through civil suit and for
failing to notify the local
government to a civil court fine.
The authority of the Secretary of
Labor is limited to issuing
interpretive regulations.
6. Reauthorization and Modifications/Merging of TAA and NAFTA-TAA
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
1. Reauthorization of TAA and
None
1. Draft legislation was transmitted
Continues status quo.
?
NAFTA-TAA
on June 9 by the Administration to
the releveant Congressional
Authorization for the TAA and
committees for a simple 4-year
NAFTA-TAA programs expires on
extension of the two programs.
September 30, 1998.
2. Modifications/Merging of TAA
and NAFTA-TAA: Conforming
the Differences
a. Shift in Production as a Basis
None
a-1. Add shift in production to any
Conforms with NAFTA-TAA
Could have significant cost
for Certification
country to the TAA criteria for
criteria.
implications.
worker certification.
Under TAA, workers may only be
certified for assistance if their firm
a-2. Delete shift in production to
Conforms with TAA criteria.
Might reduce the number of
is adversely affected by imports.
Mexico or Canda from the NAFTA-
Would renege on commitments
workers certified and associated
Under NAFTA-TAA, workers may
TAA criteria for worker
made to workers when NAFTA was
costs of not certifying those due to
be certified if either their firm is
certification.
passed.
a shift in production.
adversely affected by imports from
Mexico or Canada or their firm
shifts production to Mexico or
Canada.
b. State Role in the Provision of
b-1. Institute procedures that
None
Conforms with NAFTA-TAA
?
Rapid Response Services
would shorten the deadline for a
procedures.
determination on a TAA petition to
Under TAA, the Secretary is
30 days.
required to make a determination
within 60 days of the receipt of a
b-2. Devise a mechanism that
None
Conforms with NAFTA-TAA
?
petition. Under NAFTA-TAA, the
would trigger the provision of
procedures.
govenor of the state must make a
rapid response services for workers
preliminary finding within 10 days
certified under TAA.
afterwhich the Secretary must make
a final determination within 30
days. If the governor make an
affirmative finding, then the state is
required to provide rapid response
and basic readjustment services to
the affected workers using funds
available under JTPA Title III.
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
C. Waiver of Training Requirement
Issue administrative guidance to
Seek legislation to limit TAA
Would comform more nearly to
?
narrow TAA waiver authority.
waiver authority.
conditions under NAFTA-TAA.
TAA generally requires that a
Would reduce the abuse of the
participant be enrolled in training
waiver authority under TAA.
inorder to qualify for income
support, but waivers may be
granted if it is determined that
training is not feasible or
appropriate. There is no waiver
authority under NAFTA-TAA.
d. Early Enrollment in Training
None
Issue administrative guidance to
Conforms with NAFTA-TAA
?
require early enrollment in training
procedures. Would accelerate TAA
To qualify for income support,
to qualify for income support under
participants' adjustment and
NAFTA-TAA requires that a
TAA.
prevent them from enrolling in
participant be enrolled in training
training after exhaustion of UI
by the 16th week in which the
benefits simply to continue income
individual is receiving
support.
unemployment compensation, or if
later, 6 weeks after the petition is
approved. TAA contains no such
requirement.
e. Coverage of Secondary Workers
e-1. Issue a Statement of
Would conform with NAFTA-TAA
?
Administrative Action to extend the
procedures.
Neither TAA (except for oil and gas
Secretary's discretionary authority
workers) nor NAFTA-TAA provide
under JTPA Title III to assist:
for assistance to workers in firms
indirectly affected by trade (e.g.,
secondary workers in supplier
firms that supply or provide
firms under TAA.
e-2. Propose legislation to expand
Would need to address the issue of
Might triple the cost of the TAA
services to directly affected firms).
coverage under TAA and/or
defining appropriate limits to
program, based on an estimate from
A Statement of Administrative
providers of services to primary
NAFTA-TAA to secondarily
eligibility (first tier, second tier,
the early 1980s for extending
Action that accompanied the
firms.
affected workers.
etc.) that would be equitable and
benefits to secondary workers under
NAFTA Implementation Act
administrable at a reasonable cost.
the TAA program.
committed the Secretary of Labor's
producers of services that are
discretionary authority under JTPA.
directly affected by outsourcing of
Title III to provide assistance to
those services.
secondarily affected workers in
supplier firms. Other adversely
affected workers, such as those in
tertiary firms including restaurants,
grocery stores, etc., that are
indirectly affected are eligible for
assistance under the general JTPA
Title III program.
7. Establishment of an Early Warning System for Targeted Assistance
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
Lack of a targeted and coordinated
intervention strategy to bring
resources to areas and industries
where trade impacts are
concentrated.
Need for an Early Warning System
to identify trade-impacted regions
and industries before dislocations
occur.
Elements of an effective stategy
might include:
- Enhancement of WARN
legislation on advanced notice of
mass layoffs;
- Analysis and profiling of TAA
and NAFTA-TAA certifications by
industry and region;
- Development of a forecasting
tool (an Early Warning System) to
identify regions and industries that
are most likely to be adversely
affected by specific trade
liberalizations;
-- Establishment of a coordination
mechanism to facilitate
coordination among the various
federal agencies responsible for the
delivery of adjustment assistance to
workers, firms, and communities
affected by trade liberalization.
tstomb impd
OMB-1. Contingency Approach to Spending for Trade Adjustment Assistance
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
Estimating the need for adjustment
None
Seek "Base plus Contingency"
The contingent amount is sought as
The contingency amount would not
assistance services is inherently
authority for the TAA and NAFTA-
prudent management.
be scored in the President's budget,
difficult and resource estimates are
TAA programs by establishing a
but CBO might score an estimate of
often made arbitrarily. Seeking a
base annual account and a larger
Contingent amounts would be
the likelihood of the use of such
large amount in advance can give a
contingency account (or an
triggered in a supplemental
authority.
misleading impression that an
uncapped "such sums" authority),
appropriation request by the
agreement may have a substantial
above the base, to be used only if
President (based on the advice of
negative effects.
the Secreary of Labor determines
the Secretary of Labor) designating
that the contingency terms
the triggering event is tantamount
(triggers) have been met.
to an emergency.
OMB-2. Prospective Income Accounting in Federal Student Financial Aid (SFA) Programs
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
The Higher Education Act's
None
a. Amend the HEA to require the
a. Data for 1992-93 show that
a. Based on 1992-93 Pell Grant
(HEA's) income eligibility system
use of prospective income
about 107,000 persons in post
experience with disolcated workers,
of respective accounting
accounting for trade-related
secondary education identified
an average Pell Grant awared for
disqualifies persons with recent low
dislocated workers. DOL would be
themselves as "dislocated workers"
such workers would cost about
income from eligibility for Pell
required to certify trade-related
on their student financial aid
$2,060 per student, or $206 million
Grants and other SFAs unless
dislocated workers to school aid
application. It is impossible to
per year for each 100,000 workers.
school aid officers exercise their
officers.
estimate how many of the
autority to use prospective
dislocated workers enrolling in post
accounting. In the early 1990,
secondary education or training lost
dislocated workers' pre-layoff
their jobs because of trade-related
earnings were excluded from the
reasons.
SFA family income calculation; this
practice was eliminated by the 1992
b. Amend the HEA to require the
b. This option would have broader
HEA amendments.
use of prospective income
appeal, but cost much more than
accounting for all individuals with
option (a). Based on analysis done
a documented severe income loss.
in March, the estimated annual cost
could be as high as $1.6 billion.
This estimate assumes a 25% take-
up rate for that population.
OMB-3. Targeted Assistance to Schools Affected by a Company Relocation
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
Relocation of a company from the
None
a. Seek legislation that would
a. No federal cost other than
United States to a foreign country
require a transitional payment from
administrative.
as the result of a trade agreement
the relocating company to the local
may have a negative impact on
community that would be equal to
local communities and their
the amount of the local property tax
schools. Unless a company is very
that the company would have paid
small or receives a tax break, it is
for the next three years. (The size
likely to contribute significantly to
of the payment could be based upon
local schools through property and
the size of the company.)
income taxes paid to local and state
governments. Abrupt loss of these
b. Seek legislation that would
b. No cost estimate available yet.
revenues could result in a decrease
require the federal govermant
in the quality of local educational
(rather than the relocating
services, especially for low-income
company) to make a similar
and low-achieving students.
payment as in (a) above, through a
grant program, to the affected
school district. A trigger for this
payment might be that the school
district lost 5% or more of its
revenue from local property tax due
to comapany relocations.
c. Expand funding for Title I
c. No cost estimate available yet.
services for school districts affected
by a company relocation to help
compensate for lost revenue. This
would require the federal
government to designate "affected
school districts." Designated
districts could receive a three-year
increase in their Title I allocations
as the needs of low-achieving and
poor students would be most
affected by the loss of revenue from
the firm. A trigger for this payment
might be that the school district lost
5% or more of its revenue from
local property tax due to company
relocations.
OMB-4. Expansion of Federal Program Eligibility for Dislocated Workers
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
Some federal grant programs give
None
Structure federal grant competitions
Since competitive federal grant
priority to a particular set of
to provide more benefits to
programs are often not funded very
applicants for various
dislocated workers and their
well, neither option might be
programmatic reasons. For
communities.
effective at current funding levels.
example, the School-to-Work
initiative recognizes the special
a. For a specific list of competitive
challenges faced by an
federal grant programs (e.g., EDA,
Empowerment Zone and Enterprise
HUD, HHS, ED, and DOL), give
Community (EZ/EC) by giving
priority to applicants serving
preferential treatment to applicants
dislocated workers as well as their
serving youths residing or schools
families and communities.
located in an EZ/EC. A similar
approach could be used in the case
b. Establish a new designation for
of communities affected by a
communities affected by trade
company relocation abroad.
agreements or an automatic
designation of EZ/EC status to
communities that meet certain
criteria, such as loss of 25% of their
revenures as the result of
documented trade impact.
OMB-5. Loosening Enrollment Eligibility Requirements in the Pell Grant Program
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
Some dislocated workers require
None
Eliminate certain enrollment
only one or two specific skill
eligibility requirements in the Pell
courses rather than a degree or
Grant program for trade-related
certificate program to prepare for
dislocated workers certified by
new careers. Under the Higher
DOL.
Education Act (HEA), individuals
are eligible to receive federal
a. Waive the requirement that SFA
a. An average award for those who
student financial aid (SFA) only if
recipients enroll in programs
do not have a BA/BS degree that
they pursue a bachelor or associate
leading to a degree/certificate.
take one or two skill cources at an
degree or certificate at an eligible
institution of higher education is
institution of higher education. In
estimated to be $750, using Pell
addition, individuals with a BA/BS
minimum award rules and assuming
degree are ineligible for federal
no living allowance adjustments.
SFA. To receive student loans, an
The annual cost per 100,000
individual must enroll at a
persons served would be about $75
postsecondary instituion on at least
million.
a half-time basis; however, there is
no minimum enrollment
b. Waive the BA/BS eligibility
b. About one in six dislocated
requirement in the Pell Grant
restriction for SFA.
workers are estimated to hold a
program.
BA/BS degree; the number affected
by trade-related changes is not
known.
NEC-1. Provision of DoDs Office of Economic Adjustment (OEA) Services to NAFTA-Affected Regions
Current Practice
Administrative Changes
Statutory Changes
Effects of Changes
Costs of Changes
OEA was created in 1961 to help
None
Seek authority and funding for
Because Congress refused to
A single OEA project manager
communities cope with military
OEA to provide its services (project
approve another Base Realignment
oversees 3-4 communities
base closures and typically helps
managers plus planning grants) to
and Closure (BRAC) round, OEA
simultaneously and planning grants,
communities organize a planning
NAFTA-affected regions.
has a shrinking portfolio and should
which are usually staged over
group, provides a planning grant,
be in a position to assign project
several year, are in the range of
guides the group through
managers to non-DoD projects.
$500,000 to $3 million per
government requirements for base
community.
closures, and helps develop a resuse
plan for base redevelopment.
Funding should not come from
DoDs budget since that might be
viewed as a diversion of resources
from defense, but should be
transferred to DoD from DOL,
DOC, or some other civilian
agencies.