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Trip of Eli Segal to New York, New York and Kansas City, Missouri, July 6-8, 1993 [binder] [2]
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Trip of Eli Segal to New York, New York and Kansas City, Missouri, July 6-8, 1993 [binder] [2]
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FOIA Number: 2013-0661-F (2)
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the William J. Clinton
Presidential Library Staff.
Collection/Record Group:
Clinton Presidential Records
Subgroup/Office of Origin:
National Service
Series/Staff Member:
Correspondence
Subseries:
OA/ID Number:
2601
FolderID:
Folder Title:
Trip of Eli Segal to New York, New York and Kansas City, Missouri, July 6-8, 1993 [binder] [2]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
S
66
2
8
3
Events on Wednesday, July 7, 1993
Breakfast with David Rockefeller
New York City Volunteer Corps:
Minisink Summer Day Camp
Harmony Gardens
Lunch at Ford Foundation with
Susan Beresford and Allison Bernstein
Meeting Dan Yankelovich at Public Agenda Foundation
Meeting with George Rupp and Bob Kraft
at Columbia University
Clinton Presidential Records
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marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Breakfast w/ David Rockefeller
Divider Title:
THE WHITE HOUSE
July 2, 1993
MEETING WITH DAVID ROCKEFELLER
(JIM PARKEL, Director of Corporate support programs IBM may join)
DATE:
Wednesday July 7th
TIME:
7:45AM
LOCATION: 30 Rockefeller Center
The Rainbow Room
From:
Nancy Rubin
I.
Purpose
To have Rockefeller and Jim Parkel arrange a large meeting
when appropriate.
(Discuss extending radies of program impact
II. Background
hendraining)
Rockefeller has proposed such a meeting (see attached)
Parkel has proposed meeting with a different context. (see
attached)
Parkel is leaving IBM in a year-Could be enormously
helpful to us-Knows service arena well- and players within. Very
large donor, if not the largest.
We need to move Parkel from his immediate agenda (societal
problem solving) to our's.
1. Identifying corporate role models and thought leaders who can
articulate:
*
Value of partnership with National Service.
*
Value of "servers" as problem solvers and potential
employees (building stature)
*
Importance of investing in human resource development
and service to our society.
2. Raising funds to leverage government funds.
15% of stipend or 1,100 dollars leverages over 12,000
dollars of government money.
III. Participants
David Rockefeller (way. foundhership) of
Jim Parkel
Eli Segal
- you might
Susan Stroud
ment ion that
you saw Shelpt Spire-
IV. Remarks
This listwas suggested by David Rockepeller
Time
Line
Funders Corps
also instrumental in keeping
radius of impact ever
David Rockefeller, Jr., President
Rockefeller Financial Services
widehing/cumulative program
impact)
Peter Goldmark, President
The Rockefeller Foundation
Tom Langfitt, President or
Rebecca Rimel, Executive Director
Pew Charitable Trusts
Franklin Thomas, President
The Ford Foundation
Adele Simmons, President
MacArthur Foundation
David Hamburg, President
Carnegie Corporation
Colin Campbell, President
Rockefeller Brothers Fund
Michael Herman, CFO
The Kauffman Foundation
Norm Brown, President
The Kellogg Foundation
John M. Mutz, President
The Lilly Endowment
Bob Wycoff, President
Atlantic Richfield, Co.
Chris DeVita, President
The DeWitt Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund
William White, President
The Charles Stuart Mott Foundation
Creed Black, President
The Knight Foundation
Peter Goodson, President
The Goodson Family Foundation
Ray Handlan, President
Atlantic Philanthropic Service
Ed Cohen, Chairman
Echoing Green Foundation
Clinton Presidential Records
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indicated below.
NYC Volunteer Corps
Divider Title:
July 1, 1993
MEETING AT HARMONY GARDENS
DATE:
Wednesday, July 7, 1993
TIME:
10:45 a.m.
LOCATION: West 122nd Street
From:
Michelle LeMay Santiago, CVC
I. PURPOSE
You will see two large community gardens that have been
created out of previously vacant and dangerous lots in
Harlem.
II. BACKGROUND
City volunteers improve the gardens by painting murals,
spreading mulch, rebuilding walkways and by completing other
horticultural tasks thus discouraging illegal dumping and
drug addicts from the block. CVC Team #2 is currently
preparing the Harmony Gardens for an intergenerational event
to take place in the gardens at the end of July.
III. PARTICIPANTS
Toni Schmiegelow, CVC Executive Director
Herb Sturz, CVC Board Chairman
Lois Whipple, CVC Director of Planning, Governmental and
Public Affairs
Michelle LeMay Santiago, CVC Project Development Manager
Robbie Diamond, CVC Division Manager
Howard Worley, Project Harmony co-director
Rebecca Fabiano, Field Supervisor - CVC Team #2
IV. REMARKS
First, you will notice the beauty of the park, and should
comment on the positive changes. Generally, you should brag
on the work the volunteers are doing on the local level and
how the legislation will affect them.
July 1, 1993
MEETING AT MINISINK TOWNHOUSE SUMMER DAY CAMP
DATE:
Wednesday, July 7, 1993
TIME:
9:30 a.m.
LOCATION: 646 Lenox Avenue, New York
From:
Michelle LeMay Santiago, CVC
I. PURPOSE
You will go into a classroom setting where the volunteers
are tutoring and mentoring children.
II. BACKGROUND
Minisink Townhouse and Camp has provided quality programs
and services to the youth of Harlem for over six decades.
CVC Team #7 is enhancing the 1993 summer day camp program of
this organization by assisting staff with all class and
program activities; tutoring children in reading, writing
and math; supervisoring children during recreational
activities and field trips; and developing positive
mentoring relationships with participating children.
CVC received $120,000 from the sos Youth Corp grant, and is
awaiting a grant from Sub Title D from Service Act of 1993.
III. PARTICIPANTS
Toni Schmiegelow, CVC Executive Director
Herb Sturz, CVC Board Chairman
Lois Whipple, CVC Director of Planning, Governmental and
Public Affairs
Michelle LeMay Santiago, CVC Project Development Manager
Robbie Diamond, CVC Division Manager
IV. REMARKS
Generally, you should brag on the work the volunteers are
doing on the local level and how the legislation will affect
them.
JUL 01 '93 16:19 CITY VOLUNTEER CORPS
P.2/3
CITY VOLUNTEER CORPS
The City Volunteer Corps (CVC) is New York City's national service corps. Founded in
1984, CVC is the largest urban national service corps in the country and a model for programs
of its kind funded through the National and Community Service Act of 1990. Like the
Military, national service corps enlist young people to serve their country, but enable them to
do so by serving here at home, in their own communities. CVC demonstrates that young
people in urban areas can work together to help their communities while building the skills,
confidence and sense of civic responsibility they will need to succeed as adults.
Since its inception, CVC has enrolled 7,000 young people who have given over 3.5 million
hours of service to the City of New York. This year, CVC will enroll 675 young people, aged
16 to 20, to work full and part-time to provide 350,000 hours of service to New York City.
City Volunteers work on such projects as tutoring children, caring for the elderly and people
with disabilities, and creating gardens and playgrounds out of vacant lots. While in the Corps,
volunteers gain valuable work experience while pursuing their education. City Volunteers
take classes through the City University of New York, many of them earning their GEDs
while in the Corps. After completing 1,660 hours of service, about one year of full-time
service, City Volunteers are eligible for either a $5,000 scholarship or a $2,500 cash grant.
CVC is a private, not-for-profit organization with 501(c)(3) certification.
07/01/93
JUL 01 '93 16:20 CITY VOLUNTEER CORPS
P.3/3
3
CITY VOLUNTEER CORPS
838 BROADWAY
NEW YORK, NY 10003
(212) 475-6444
Fax (212) 475-9457
CITY VOLUNTEER CORPS
FACT SHEET
The City Volunteer Corps of New York City, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, is a national
service corps founded in 1984 to demonstrate that young people in urban areas can work together
to help their communities while building the skills and confidence they need to succeed as adults.
Like the military, CVC enlists young people to serve their country, but enables them to do so by
serving here at home, in their own communities, on such projects as caring for the elderly,
tutoring school children and creating gardens and playgrounds out of vacant lots. President
Clinton has repeatedly indicated his support of national service and has created an Office of
National Service and introduced the Summer of Service as the first step to a full-fledged national
service program. The largest urban national service corps in the country, CVC's mission is:
To enlist youth, aged 16 to 20, from diverse backgrounds to help New Yorkers in need
and improve the quality of life in the City through volunteer work.
To promote educational and personal growth of volunteers.
To encourage the development of similar organizations across the country.
A. CVC Attracts a Diverse Group of New York Youth
CVC enrolls 675 young people, aged 16 to 20, each year.
Most of the volunteers work full-time for one year and receive a weekly stipend plus
$5,000 in scholarship funds or $2,500 in cash upon completing one year of service. Some
of the volunteers are high school and college students who work part-time while in school
and full-time during the summer and also receive pro-rated stipends and scholarships.
City Volunteers come from neighborhoods throughout all five boroughs, and from many
different cultural backgrounds (Caribbean Islands, Latin America, Eastern Europe, India,
Pakistan, China, Southeast Asia).
Fifty six percent (56%) of Corps members are black; 31% are Hispanic; 8% are Asian
and 5% are white.
Twenty-two percent (22%) of City Volunteers are high school graduates; 58% have
dropped out of school: 20% are in high school or college full-time.
May 1993
NEW YORK CITYS NATIONAL SERVICE CORPS
JUL 01 '93 16:21 CITY VOLUNTEER CORPS
P.4/3
B. City Volunteers' Service Contributions are Real and Lasting
Volunteers have given over 3.5 million hours of service since 1984; service projects are
completed for government agencies and community-based organizations.
Government and nonprofit organizations sponsor all CVC projects. Sponsors provide
supervision (along with a CVC Field Supervisor) and appropriate training to volunteers,
who in return contribute their time, energy and enthusiasm to help expand sponsors'
services.
City Volunteers work together in teams and serve on 7-10 different projects exposing
them to a wide range of populations and service needs:
-- Two-thirds of projects are in human services: working with the elderly and people
with disabilities in institutions and at home; tutoring children in elementary school and
in afterschool programs; conducting public education campaigns and public surveys
for City agencies.
-- One-third are in physical services: creating community gardens from vacant lots,
developing nature trails and exercise courses in parks; rchabilitating abandoned
housing: improving commercial strips for Local Development Corporations to spur
retail sales, etc.
City Volunteers also work on different types of projects which further expand their service
experience: theater presentations on resisting peer pressure for junior high school
students: anti-litter street skits; surveying South Bronx land use for a City Planning
development plan.
Teams are available for special events: escorting people with disabilities to holiday
shopping; assisting at borough-wide career fairs for youth; escorting the elderly to special
events.
C. City Volunteers Learn While They Serve
After the service day, City Volunteers attend classes arranged by CVC with the City
University of New York and the New School. Given their diverse backgrounds, the
volunteers are placed in a wide range of classes: English as a Second Language; Adult
Basic Education (for those reading below the eighth grade level); GED, college
preparatory classes for high school graduates; and college courses.
CVC arranges summer school for most volunteers to prevent the loss of skills attained
during the school year.
CVC also sponsors Corps Member Development, eight modules per year that build on the
service experience to ensure learning through doing. Modules include the political
process, cultural and ethnic diversity, and career planning
01 '93 16:21 CITY VOLUNTEER CORPS
P.5/3
D. Research Illustrates the Special Benefits of Youth Service
In an audit published in November 1988, the New York City Comptroller found that
CVC is a "winner" and "success," where 80% of volunteers obtained employment after
CVC, usually above minimum wage, compared with 49% prior to enrollment, and one-
half obtained further education. He concluded that these benefits coupled with CVC's
contribution to the City's public service sector indicate that the cost of CVC is money
well spent."
The Ford Foundation sponsored research by Public/Private Ventures (P/PV). Their Fall
1987 study found that enrollees in CVC have the highest completion rate of nine major
corps nationally, and the best GED completion rate. They also surveyed sponsors and
found a high level of satisfaction with services provided. Finally, they concluded that "the
integration and harmony among the different groups serving in the Corps is notable [the]
youth and their Field Supervisors consistently comment on the eye-opening experience of
men working shoulder-to-shoulder with women, of blacks and Hispanics getting to know
each other, of high school graduates tutoring dropouts, of 'bad attitude' youth being
encouraged to shape up by their teammates, and of youth gaining exposure to the wide
variety and opportunities of life in the city..."
The William T. Grant Foundation sponsored a larger-scale, longitudinal study by
Public/Private Ventures, started in 1988 and continuing for three and a half years. This
study was divided into three parts: an implementation study, including interviews with
staff. officials and others involved in the conception of CVC; an ethnographic study, in
which an anthropologist followed a CVC team for a year; and an outcomes study,
tracking 500 corpsmembers for up to one and a half years after they left CVC.
Public/Private Ventures noted in its interim report in December 1990 that "CVC's
corpsmembers deliver quality work in all five of New York City's boroughs." This report
also confirmed that "the educational gains posted by corpsmembers and the positive
attributes of the team experience suggest that the urhan corps model may be an effective
vehicle for improving the lives of some urban youth."
In their September 1992 report, P/PV found that 65% of the former corpsmembers
reported attempting at least one educational activity after leaving the Corps and 38% had
already completed that activity. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the full-time volunteers
reported receiving their high school diplomas or GED since joining CVC. P/PV
concluded that these data show the positive impact of CVC on the lives of the CVC
volunteers.
E. CVC is a Key Model for Federally-Supported National Service
CVC is the largest national service corps in an urban area, and the pioneer in involving
youth in human service.
One of 53 year-round programs nationally, CVC works with various coalitions to
encourage federal support. These efforts resulted in the passage of the historic National
and Community Service Act of 1990. This legislation provides for full-time service corps
modeled after CVC, as well as school-based and campus-based service programs.
Clinton Presidential Records
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indicated below.
FORD FOUNDATION LUNCH
Divider Title:
July 2. 1993
Meeting with Susan Berresford and Alison Bernstein
DATE: July 7, 1993
TIME: 12:00-2:00
LOCATION: Ford Foundation, 320 E. 43rd St., New
York, 10017, 212-573-4730
From: Susan Stroud
I.
PURPOSE
You will have lunch with Susan Berresford and Alison Bernstein and me at the
Ford Foundation. The discussion will be focused on the role of community foundations
in supporting the national service program in communities across the country.
II.
BACKGROUND
This meeting was requested by Alison Bernstein after she met with you and me in
April. She spoke with Susan Berresford following our meeting about connections that
might be made between ONS and Ford. At least initially, they want to discuss the role of
community foundations in the national service initiative.
Community foundations are a rapidly growing sector of the philanthropic sector.
A community foundation is typically established with the wealth of several prominent
people in the community and grows by additions of other trust funds and community
raised funds. They range in size and significance from large and well established
community foundations like the Cleveland Foundation to much smaller and newer
community foundations. The Ford Foundation, under Susan Berresford, has helped to
fund the start up and expansion of community foundations around the country. Because
community foundations raise and spend their resources in local communities, Susan
believes that they should invest in local community service programs, which themselves
represent investments in the community of people resources as well as other funding from
federal, state and private sources.
Susan Berresford is very well regarded in the foundation world, and her
leadership on any initiative would be regarded as very significant.
III. PARTICIPANTS
Susan Berresford, Vice President, Program Development
Alison Bernstein, Director, Education and Culture Program
Susan Stroud
IV.
REMARKS
The Ford Foundation has been the principal funder of community service
programs over the past ten or more years. Especially after Franklin Thomas arrived at the
foundation, funding for programs increased in two areas - urban poverty and education.
In the past several years, other major foundations like Kellogg have been major funders,
but Ford views itself as having led the foundation world on this issue.
Ford is also the major funder of Public/Private Ventures, a Philadelphia based
research and evaluation shop that has done most of the evaluative studies of youth corps
programs. P/PV has received funding from Ford to conduct an evaluative study of the
Commission. I spoke with Dick Stauffenberger about the status of that study. Dick
believes that P/PV is re-grouping on the proposal and that I should speak with Tom Smith
about the re-design of the study. We might want to raise this with Susan and Alison.
P
National Service:
An Aspect of
Youth
Development
by Franklin A. Thomas
A Ford Foundation Reprint
FORD ED. /CULTURE
1D:212-808-5288
JUL UZ yo 10.40 NO. 004 0.00
N
ational service is an important subject.
indeed a stirring subject. and " IS of growing
interest to many people across America. It S
its, idea tha: recognizes that we all should
contribute 10 the larger society and na!
society showld DE structured K: encourage
such activity :: rests on I belief that CDT.
tributed service E a VIID! part of cuizen-
ship - an ac: that can nelp binis US logeine:
as it people accomplish needed tasks. and
provide to. individual growth and develop-
ment
Yet national service C: not at simple tij.
lec: There are Stull many lacts to be gathered
and conflicts io DE resolved Anc: ⑆ would also
be wise to troaden our howary !!) won
national service not as 8 self-contained 1,-
Franklin A. Thomas is president of are Ford Founda-
strution on as ? component of J larger
tion The following is adapted from romarks given
system or youth development
before a group et civic and business leaders in
National vice 3 C ouestion empeaded r
Monte Rio. California on July 22. 1981.
a larger question HOW should ¿! free and 3<1
Additional copies of this reprint. as well as a com.
vanced society organize itscii :0 help ,15
piete list 01 Foundation publications. may be oh.
children become adults? That transformation
tained troirs inc Ford Foundation Office of Reports.
is effected Dy a constellation of influences
320 East 43 Street. New York. N.Y. 10017.
all Onli institutions C1 education itrics career
preparation and beyond those. everything
441 October 1981
JUL UZ yo 10.49 NO.004 0.04
FUKU CU. URE
10:212-808-5288
that shapes young people's values and be.
Gallup Poil reports that two-thirds of the
havior If a youth service component IS 10 be
American people approve a system c' na.
built into American life, il will nave 10 be
liona' service There IS 3 majority in !avor
placed in Inal larger constellation How effec-
even among those wno would be most at-
live'y Cu! you!! will be able !!) serve ivill (1e.
lected young people aged eighteen to Iwen-
pend on now effectively WE serve our youth
ly-tour It is endorsed DV many educators and
The truth is we 30 no: adequately under-
many interest groups. and there IS consider-
stand today's young people. their ambitions
acto bipartisan support for If in the Congress.
and trustrations. the sleepwalkers and inc
Despite such impressive backing. a sys
super-achievers. the swing from rebellion 10
iem of national service has not come near to
apathy. inc drift of some toward self-destruc-
enactment One reason is cost Another is
lion. ine yearning of most !or self-fulfiliment
that mere are shu 100 many unknowns 100
Wc must also recognize the immense
many strands ghitt have !0 be unraveled The
variety among our youth. To some. a period |i|
Peld of social POLICY IS littered with ne
the wilderness would be an expilarating
corpses O! attractive ideas that failed under
experience. to others. a boring waste of ame
close scrutify,
Some thrive on the camaraderie (): the group
Nevertneless. believe that a national ser-
and the barracks others profer in work alone
VICE system will, someday come into being
To some. a term iii the Armed Forces 15 a
But if Will come mcre surely if we 00 not I'y 10
positive turning point in their lives. iney leave
cred! an elaborate edifice from abstract blue-
with usable skills and a surer sense of sei! To
prints and untested assumptions. National
others, military service is d hated prison 10 DE
service show'd be allowed 10 grow organical-
dodged by any contrivance Some might WII.
'y'. from many different seeds in many 04-
ingly 00 a tour (){ national service to Stretch
terent solls We have iC come 10 the problem
their psyches or win a lickel 10 college others
not as engineers 001 as patient gardeners,
would want the income now and d job when
prepared 10 let a thousand flowers bloom. ex.
the lour is completed. Ano how would na.
arrining each blossom--and weed-and
nonal service deal willi increasing numbers
keeping an eye open for unexpected buds
01 teenage mothers?
and SNOOIS. we have !O give experience a
Any system of national service would have
chance.
10 be adapteo to meet such diversity " would
ne 'Dea C1 citizen service has deed roots.
have 10 otter a comparable diversity of incen.
To the Greek city-state and 10 republican
tives. 100. lasks job sites. and management
Rome a virtuous society required 115 citizens
rules
10 DP bound not just by a constitution of rights
If national service 15 freighted iviin so many
out also Dy a wrii of obligations.
complications. wny bother in keep 11 on ine
'r: modern times. that ideal was given
public agenoa? The answer IS simple the
dramatic expression CY William James in a
dea nas power and Sweep and touches a
temous essay that urgea upon America a Sys-
deep nerve in most of US The most recent
tem 01 civilian service to subtimate youth's
2
3
FURD
10.212-000-0200
JUL
VZ
CE
1.00
latent martial insuricts. in memorable words.
plan that Gid no! aod significantly to Amer.
WW almost 3 caché ne extolled national ser.
cas inititary strength.
VICO as the moral cquivalent of war In
Since the end of the dristl in 1972, military
terestingly the service ethic of James's ora
enlistments have been entirely voluntary But
2:5C gave nse 10 the Boy Scout movement
a voluntary system can have senous draw-
1916. a 11 Clubs and similar adjuncts ii) youth
backs ΓoΓ one. an All Volunteer Force (AVF)
development
substantially increases the defense budget.
The New Dea forged is link between ine
Recruitment and compensation costs run
principle c: national service and youth ,II).
high. To attrac: personnel military pay and
employment with il., now vanerated Civilian
tringe benefits have increased substantially
Conservation Corps. the prototype of SO
and have drawn closer to civilian levels
much that followed. Three vears ator. the
The second drawback is personnel quality.
ICCD received st T'W charge w electricity 11/11/17
The military has a strong proference ior those
President Kennedy ASK what you car: GO
with at least a nigh school dinioms and with
io: your country speech And !ther Victnam
adequate skills in reading and mainematics
years convulsed DV the requires of -> selec.
High school graduates perform better and
100 crait-of consciption I:V poverty
have nigner re-enlistment rates. As weapons
rousec E. large Dipartisan DOCV c; adherents
goinigh-tech It is urgent inal there X enough
" 11 truly comprehensive system of service.
competent individuals who will stay the
is: present national service altracts SUD.
course
pc: from :(); principal constituencies: each
There also problems of race and class.
Blacks and other minorities are over.
riding ()n 112, own horse
--these who see : means or strength-
represented in AVI especially in the com-
en.ng the Armed Forces
Ca: branches For many minority youth the
- those who see it:s : 10W-COST means of
AVF has been an excellent opportunity for 3
(mog the nation's with social needs.
military career Oi a springboard it, a good
- those who seek 10 mitigate youth Lin.
civilian job But most of US would regard ex-
employment 30 severe for write voun so
cessive racial impalance as inherently un.
catastrophic or minority your
democrated among int other adversities of
- mose wno hope " improve the charac-
he Victnam wiir. none Not's worse than the
is. of young DOOCE DV providing chan.
resction :O casualty hets so heavy with
neis for sell-exploration and festering the
DIACKS. Drowns and olue-colars.
some of service 10 other:
The deep recession and ngn unemploy
Lei me CICY-11 with each of incse
ment rates of 11163 any 1980s seem 10 have
eased the AVF # recruitment and retention
The National Security Constituency
problems. But one-sun demographics still
TO iriz national security constituents the
give the military concern ine DADY bust C!
metary aspects of nations service are Date:
IIIC: past decade quarantees à décline. al-
mount Irey would have withing regard for isp'y
ready stated in ine conors of youth who will
1
5
FORD ED. /CULTURE
ID:212-808-5288
JUL 02'93 10:50 NO.004 P.UO
reach military age 'n the next lew years By
underused labor supply. Not so long ago. one
1995. the number of eighteen- and nineteen-
could speak of the rule of lwo in describing
year-olds WIII decrease oy 20 percent.
youth unemployment. That rule says that
A large-scale system of national service
whatever the unemployment rate is for the
would give the Defense Decartment an extra
lacor 'DiCU as & whole. unemployment for
measure of assurance by providing a labor
young people will ne twice as high. And
pool for many kinds of backup services. Most
whatever the unemployment rate for all
important of all. an established system of
young people. the rate for minor.ty youth will
civilian alternatives 10 the dratt would defuse
DE Iwice that Those differentials seem 10 02
the sensitive problem of the conscientious
increasing 10 recent years. the ruie of IWO
objector and provide il cushion to absore
nas moved closer to a rule of twc and a half
social contention
The diminishing SUDDIY of youth that so
worries the mintary has not done much thus
Unmet Social Needs
lar to improve their !OC prospects For minori
A still larger constituency for national service
IV youth Ine job market S fast shutting down:
is those who see it as a remedy for social
as employment goes down sad things happen
problems. The quality D: American life is
-a rising incidence of drug abuse. crime.
diminished by pervasive signs o' social and
vandalism. and school dropouts. Teenage
physical neglect A multitude of tasks go un-
pregnancy-children having children- - has
attended in our communities. in our schools
also increased sharply. accompanied by
and hospitals and in our parks and open
higher rates c: illegitimacy and welfare
spaces
dependency.
How big is inal burden? There are no pre-
cise data and probably nover will be: one per.
Character Building
son's swamp is another person's wetland in
i-inally there 3:C those who support nation-
1978. the Urban Institute catalogued Over
a! service as 8 means of shaping youth's
three million 1005 trat needed :0 be done as
values. This group. which includes many
follows:
distinguished educators and social philoso
-anout 900,000 1005 were counted 111
prers. views national service as much more
health care
than a recair shop for social damage. They
the same number in ou: public schools
VIEW nt as an opportunity for young people to
$00.000 in conservation:
aller they perspectives. to burid life!ime prin-
-100.000 for our understaffed cultural
cioles The span between adolescence and
facilities.
maturity is a critical period to explore identity,
-and 300.000 in neighborhood police and
to sort out conjusions about societal roles to
lire protection
balance the opposing tensions between
dealism and cynicism and between regard
Youth Unemployment
fCi sell and regard for others. And national
Youth is is very arge parl 01 11:0 country's
service would offer ye! one more gain-a
6
7
JUL UZ yo
10.51 NJ.004 r.u
FURD ED./CULTURE
commingling 01 youth from every walk i)! life.
expansion 01 existing programs. such as the
sharing exceriences and creating mulual
Job Corps. the various Conservation Corps.
respect
the Peace Corps VISTA. and the like The
These then are 'NC main constituencies
system would be entirely voluntary with no
that keep the idea of national service on lhe
registration requirements. The assumption is
DUDIC agenda. Each constituency has a Quile
that there are a substantial number 01 youths
different vision of woat national service IS
will, an mate desire 10 perform community
supposed 10 be. Some SCC it as a warnorse in
service who would come torward were there
protect us irom our enemies Others sec st as
enough attractive opportunities and were the
a work horse IE: by otherwise icile nands in
receiving agencies able to absorb them
DIV wasteo helds 0: io give d 1:11 to those
Mos! proposals tall within a third category
fallen by the wayside. Others see it as a trail
that combines key elements or the first two It
norse to carry its ricers to new terrain to
resembles Category One-the Spartan model
Discover new corners 01 the word and of
-in that most Oi its variations are large r:
themselves
scale. have strong inducements. and are a:-
tentive 10 national security needs !t ie.
Modols of National Service
sembles Category Two-the purely voluntary
Each constituency a.SO brings with it a hypo-
model-Insofar 35 18 IS more voluntary than
inemal blueprint of now if system of national
coercive: innure 10 serve would be punished
service should DC organized Those models
by Civil rather than criminal sanctions And it
vary depending or goals scale CI coverage.
would bully on existing service institutions
and inducements othered Trey generally lall
Category Three is icr. n cermutations. 111
into three categories
no!e just !wo One would be centered in ine
ine first is w Spartan or miltary model
nation's high schools. mus nvolving millions
Enrollment would 00 universal and man.
01 young people. A period of service would no
datory and would give 11151 priority :0 the
rewarded with extra credits or even made a
needs 0' the Armed Forces Al age eighteen
precondition for a diploma. MOEt students
every person-male. female even the nan-
could discharge true service duties within
dicapped would De required 10 register.
the school System by tutoring or maintenance
Everyone under threat or cummal penalties.
work.
would he assigned io: up K IWO veais to a
The most rigorous variant or Category
civilian JOD. unless they chose !O sign L:D 10,
Three edges toward the military mooer There
service in the military Should the Armed
would Dr. universal registration 21 age eight-
Forces fail 10 acquire all 11:e persons they
een with a one-year service requirement But
need they could draft the remainder by 101.
unike Category One service would be vollin.
tery from the civilian service POOL I: is an
lary civilian service would be accepted as an
escape-proof model with it S101 for everyone
alternative C military enlistment Such ser-
A second category IS the opposite ex.
vice might be deferred 10 any convenient time
treme. II calls for little more than i! moderate
in We lite soan Existing civilian services
8
9
FORD
would be expanded to absorb the inflow Life-
cruitment. The net cost estimatos made a few
time incentives could include college schol.
years ago were $7 to $40 billion; they would
arships, preferred housing loans, and civil
be higher now. The calculations depend on
service bonus points. Civil penalties for
assumptions about coverage. the level of sti.
breach of service could include something
pends and benefits. and the proportion of en-
like a surcharge on the income tax.
rollees who would live away from home. A
Although the three categories have some
residential program approaching tour million
common features. they also have several fun.
registrants would be most expensive. At the
damental differences in ideology and signifi-
low end of the cost range would be a limited
cant ones in program design. The sharpest
voluntary program with everyone living at
cleavage is between the compulsory models
home. receiving no more than a minimum
and the voluntary ones. AS the Spartans view
wage and partial reimbursement by the insti-
it. anything less than universal registration
tutions that benefit from the services. High or
and mandated assignments will do nothing to
low, these budgets constitute. in this period of
strengthen the nation. To the most tough
massive deficits. a formidable barrier to early
minded Spartans. a limited voluntary system
adoption of anything other than small-scale
without criminal penalties represents little
demonstrations
more than a playpen for the young and a field
day for social boondogglers. The voluntarists.
Improving the Concept
on the other hand. are uncompromising in
The standstill is in some ways fortunate We
their rejection of conscription Many view it
can put that bause to good use in two ways.
as no: only a legal wrong but also as a moral
The first is by acquiring detailed data on how
evil To them. conscription is involuntary ser-
existing service programs are working: the
vitude. an infringement of civil liberties. and
second is by opening an inquiry into how na-
an intrusion of the state into the individual's
tional service would relate 10 other aspects of
pursuit of happiness.
youth development
There are differences between Categories
Despite federal inaction there have been
Two and Three regarding program design. To
many new initiatives at the state and local
what extent should civilian service be task-
levels Demonstrations are in place. or soon
oriented, employment-oriented. or character.
will be. in thirty areas. including New York
oriented? It is exceedingly difficult 10 design
City. Those initiatives should be extended
an effective single program to achieve muiti-
We need more tests of different formulas in
ple priorities at the same time.
different regions for different target popula-
Another formidable obstacle is cost The
tions It is also essential to build capacity for
various service models would impose sub-
monitoring and evaluat ng these demonstra
stantial burdens on the federal budget even
tions.
after factoring out certain outlays already
Private philanthropy ough: to be counted
made for youth training, compensatory edu-
as a partner in these demonstration and
cation income support. and military re.
evaluation efforts. California foundations are
10
11
FORD ED./CULTURE
already in the game. and my own institution is
can be practically managed Social services
prepared to assume ts share.
such as tutoring or home care for the aged
The resulting data would help answer a
tend to be one-on-one rather than team ac.
senes of questions proposed by national ser-
tivities. It would be difficult to build esprit de
vice specialists in it recent conference at the
corps. There would also have to be a con-
Ford Foundation II mention just five
siderable amount of screening and matching
First, would the idea work in an urban set-
before particular people could be given par-
ting? It is fair to say that 10 most people the
ticular assignments One thing is certain. Ex-
image of national service IS colored green,
tensive- andexpersive-supervision wouid
associated with an environmental corps such
be needed
as California S. The picture S that of motivat-
Third. would organized labor cooperate?
ed young people marching off to do battle
Trade unions often feel threatened by com-
with forest fires and truit Tes. Conservation
petition from volunteers or low-paid workers.
models have kindled public favor partly
Hospital unions and police organizations
because they are associated with austerity,
have drawn lines that volunteers are forbid.
sacrifice even a whitf of danger. Those vir.
den 10 cross. Job displacement is an es.
tues are smartly captured by the Canfornia
pecially sensitive issue to teachers' aides and
Coros' rousing motio Hard Work Low Pay
health dides many of whom come from mi-
and Miserable Conditions." and by its stem
nority groups and are recent. and still in-
commandments: "No Booze, No Dope. No
secure. additions to the labor force
Refusal 10 Work Congress has also lilted
Fourth. now effectively would disadvan-
toward the greener mocels-withess the
taged kids DC accommodated? If the service
American Conservation Corps Bili (H R 999)
corps IS 10 reach our to the disadvantaged.
now in the legislative stream But it is still
will it be necessary to devote part of the day
uncertain how well the Conservation Corps
to remedial education and to the improve
model. with its quas military features would
ment of work habits and personal deport-
work in an urban setting where enrollees I.ve
ment? 1 low well car this be done without CUI-
at home instead of ) barracks. are not
ting into the work day or encumbering job per-
separated from their 0.0 habitals and where
formance?
the duties to be performed are seidom heroic
Finally how costly and productive would a
-though sometimes mey may be. in some
service corps 00? The annual costs or pro-
areas of some cities nighttime patrol would
grams such as the California Corps have
be 0 challenge to anyone.
been quite high accoraching $20,000 per
Second. would the cea work in the social
person. before taking account 01 the value of
service field? It IS one thing 10 build up long
work done. Unless most service programs
lists of unfilled needs 11 health care educa-
can be operated at costs substantially lower
tion. in libranes museums and the like But
than II) California. mere would be consider-
experienced professionals doubt the large
able resistance to anything more than small-
numbers needed to bacale all those tasks
scale demonstrations We must also De alert
12
13
FORD ED./CULTURE
887-808-77:
to cost effectiveness. Would it be more costly
fully responsive to the fact that. for Detter Of
to do a given task with service workers than
worse. the criminal justice system-with so
with regular workers? | ICW would the costs of
many youths caught in its net-has to be
a service corps compare with the costs of ex.
considered a component Oi a youth develop
isting job-training and work-study schernes?
meni system. Nevertheless. there have been
Since there will never be enough money to go
several interesting ettoris to rehaoilitate ex-
around. service models will have 10 compete
offenders through community jobs
with nonservice alternatives
My last example IS the community college.
Though these two year colleges go DUCK :
An Aspect of Youth Development
long time, their increase in recent years has
I will conclude by returning 10 my beginning:
been extraordinary. Since 1960. the number
service by youth has as its concomitant ser
01 students has multiplied eight times wiitz a
vice 10 youth. National service as an institu-
similar huge increase in the number of
ion would flourish Dest If it were integrated
schools We nave nol fully assessed the role
with all the major institutions of youth devel.
of community colleges. Because they have
opment.
such versatility-liexible hours and diverse
Sorne years ago. ihu Carnegie and Sioan
curricula-community colleges could surely
commissions. in their studies of higher
prove as valuable an adjunct ID a system of
education, recognized that need. Both urged
national service as they are in our system ()i
a restructuring of the options available DC.
nigher education
!ween high school and college. including the
! hope I have made the point National ser-
introduction of a system of national service.
VICC should be a nucleus within it larger con-
Those commissions. however were main.
stellation, drawing from and contributing 10
!V concerned with college-bound youth. And
many other components Each would per.
many new things have occurred in the youth
'orm IS own special functions and each
develcoment heid since tneir reports. For ex-
would share some withothers. Together they
ample. over the cast twenty years inere has
would provide a diversity of American youth
been a long procession of employment and
with the necessary diversity 01 opportunity.
job-training schemes in which very large
To INC constitution of rights and obligations
numbers of youth have been enrolled ^
would be added a constitution of choice
prominent one was the CETA program. in
No one can Say when a comprehensive
which many young people were employed for
system o! national service willcome. Given a
community service and which nas 3 strong
grave emergency. il coulo happen oute sud.
resemblance 10 what is now proposed as an
denly More ikely. il will grow by successive
urban youth corps. Also. work-study nemon-
approximations as the pace of state and local
strations now going on in many high schools
ventures accelerates and as linkages form
are real-life prototypes 01 the high school-
belween them and an the other components
based national service model noted earlier
of ihe youth development System Whatever
Nor has the national service movement been
the timetable. we cannot afford 10 drop the
14
15
JUL 02:95
10.54 NO.004 P.11
concept from the national agenoa. Only care-
ly in public policy does there come 30 promis-
mg an opportunity 10 advance. in a single
stroke. personal goals. social goals. and na-
tional security goals
Every innovation in the structure of society
has required equal parts of idealism and
pragmatism ^ strong underpinning of realism
-the case i plead today-is ossential But
50 is the vision. In its 'ullest expression.
national service can be an institution of his-
toric importance to America's youth and 10
America's future.
16
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
DAN YANKELOVICH / Public
Agenda Foundation
Divider Title:
July 2, 1993
Meeting with Daniel Yankelovich
DATE: July 7, 1993
TIME: 2:00-3:30
LOCATION: Public Agenda Foundation, 6 E. 39th St.,
9th floor, New York, 212-686-6610
From: Susan Stroud
I.
PURPOSE
This meeting is being held at our request. Dan has had a strong personal interest
in national service for many years, and has collected a great deal of useful public opinion
data on the issue. His wife is going to do a literature search for you prior to the meeting,
and Dan will bring the material to the meeting. Dan is prepared to research specific
questions that are of particular interest to you.
I assume Dan's data is not current, but I am not sure how recently he polled on
this. Given the difficulty of getting time and effort from Stan Greenberg, you might
gauge his interest in working with us. Keep in mind that Gallup is also interested in
talking about working with us, although Yankelovich's reputation in the connection
between public opinion and policy is unbeatable.
II.
BACKGROUND
I know Dan from Brown, where he was a close friend of Howard Swearer and a
Trustee. He is a solid and very gentlemanly fellow. The Public Agenda Foundation,
where you are meeting him, is one of the organizations he founded to link public opinion
with public policy development.
III.
PARTICIPANTS
Daniel Yankelovich (and possibly his wife)
Susan Stroud
IV.
REMARKS
If you want to discuss a couple of substantive ideas with Dan about what kind of
work might be done, I might suggest a couple of possibilities, which are not very well
thought through yet. The idea is not very different from what Greenberg has done with
health care.
1) A critical program issue has to do with selection of participants. We should
test the appeal of the program to certain categories of participants depending on how the
program is described. The factual content should be the same, but he might develop four
different descriptions phrased somewhat differently with an emphasis on, e.g., access to
education, promoting change, development of citizenship, or military discipline, etc. We
could see how different emphases attracts different kinds of participants, described by
gender, educational background, age, income and racial characteristics.
2) Applying the same idea, we could test various descriptions of the program on
various sectors of the public - parents, funders, policy makers, etc.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
GEORGE RUPP & BOB KRAFT
Divider Title:
July 2, 1993
Meeting with George Rupp and Robert Kraft
DATE: July 7, 1993
TIME: 4:00-5:00
LOCATION: room 202, Low Library, 116th and
Broadway, New York, 212-854-2825 (Mrs. Marge
Montana, exec. assistant)
From: Susan Stroud
I.
PURPOSE
You will meet with Dr. Rupp and Robert Kraft to discuss a potential gift to
Columbia from Mr. Kraft to support community service activities.
II.
BACKGROUND
You have had several conversations with Mr. Kraft about a potential gift to
Columbia that would be consistent with the goals of the national service program. Dr.
Rupp's predecessor, Michael Sovern, made several suggestions about the nature of the
program that such a gift would fund - none of which were especially interesting. Mr.
Kraft has spoken with Dr. Rupp about this idea, and apparently Dr. Rupp is very
interested. We have suggested that, if details of the program can be worked out, that Mr.
Kraft's gift be announced at the time of Dr. Rupp's inaugural to underscore the
importance that service will have in his tenure as president of Columbia.
III.
PARTICIPANTS
George Rupp, President. Columbia University
Dr. Corrinne Rieder, Secretary of the University
Robert Kraft (tentative)
Susan Stroud
IV.
REMARKS
previous correspondence
George Rupp was a member of the Campus Compact Executive Committee for
several years. During his presidency at Rice, he helped to build a strong community
service program. He has been somewhat reluctant to press the connections between
service and the curriculum, an area you should discuss.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
April 8, 1993
Robert E. Kraft
President
International Forest Products
One Boston Place
Boston, MA 02108
Dear Bob:
I have an idea, and interestingly, it is based on a
conversation I had recently with Arnold Hiatt.
At the turn of the century, the Philips Brooks House was
endowed at Harvard to encourage young people to engage in
community service. In recent years, other individuals and
foundations, including the Stride Rite Foundation, have augmented
the endowment. I have enclosed the brochure which gives the
high- lights -- any part of which can be adjusted to suit your
wishes.
I am told that a program like this could be administered at
Columbia out of Earl Hall.
There are other ideas we can explore -- community service
loan forgiveness fund is one and an incentive program for faculty
to incorporate students' work in the community into source design
is another.
I will be in Boston on Monday, May 3. If you are free then,
let's get together, and perhaps we should ask Arnie to join us.
On another front, we are building toward legislation which I
hope will be introduced by the end of April. If we are lucky and
skillful, national service will be enacted by September.
These are simultaneously frustrating yet exciting days. I
hope to see you on May 3 to share the experience with you.
My love to Myra.
Best regards,
ee
Eli J. Segal
Assistant to the President and
Director of National Service
Juil s10ke to you. See you ON M-3.
S
Eli your
Thone call iv.
May 7. 1993
Bob kvaft
Mr. Robert Kraft
International Forest Products Corporation
I Boston Place. 35th floor
Boston. MA 02108
Dear Mr. Kraft.
Eli Segal suggested that I contact you with a couple of suggestion about enhancing
community service at Columbia. I don't know the current situation with Columbia well.
Several years ago I used to meet periodically with the directors of public service
organizations at a few universities in the Northeast, including Columbia. I know that the
Community Impact (attached brochure) program is housed in Earl Hall, and has a strong
reputation. The executive director, Sonia Reese. is well thought of.
I know George Rupp from the two years he served on the executive committee of the
Campus Compact. a coalition of university presidents committed to increasing public
service on their campuses. He has been a strong advocate for public service at Rice
University. I anticipate that supporting students' work in the community would be very
consistent with the values he hopes to promote during his presidency at Columbia.
Should you want to support President Rupp in this regard. here are several things to think
about in terms of a gift. Is the gift large enough to endow either the entire Community
Impact program or some aspect of it? I am fortunate to have received a $2 million
endowment grant for the Swearer Center at Brown. which has provided the program with
important autonomy and protection from the university budget process. These funds have
allowed us to be more entrepreneurial than we might have been otherwise.
Or would the funds be better used as a multi-year operating grant (possibly as a challenge
grant)? Is there a special focus you are interested in. e.g., supporting financially needy
students to work in the community as a way of enabling them to do what they might not
otherwise have an opportunity to do? Or supporting faculty in a particular discipline to
work on certain community issues with students by providing course development grants.
e.g. housing and homelessness or children at risk? Given your interest in Jewish students.
is there as innovative way to tie this interest to community service?
I would be happy to speak with you about these ideas. At some point it would be
advisable to speak with Sonia Reese. the development office staff or George Rupp to
ensure that your gift serves the greatest possible need and has the greatest impact. Please
let me know if I can be of assistance.
Sincerely.
Susan Stroud
Senior Advisor to the Director
Office of National Service
RCV BY:RK BOSTON
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51724889391# 2
CONFIDENTIAL
DRAFT OF LETTER TO ROBERT KRAFT
May 25, 1993
Mr. Robert K. Kraft
International Forest Products Corp.
DETERMINED TO BE AN
Rand-Whitney Group
ADMINISTRATIVE MARKING
One Boston Place, 35th Floor
Boston, MA 02108
INITIALS: JGP DATE: 1/14/20
Dear Bob:
2413-066-F(2)
We are awaiting a package from Heather Beckle, George Stephanopoulos' assistant,
that details the Clinton Administration's position and planning on National
Service. Meanwhile, let me offer below a rough outline of our concept on how this
could work, subject, of course, to your reactions. Since all of this is very student-
based, it should reside in toto in the College, with help from University offices like
Community Impact, Career Planning and Placement, and Financial Aid.
I. The MyTa and Robert Kraft Program in Community Leadership
A. A unique partnership among Columbia College of Columbia University,
the Kraft family and the Federal government in place to encourage
involvement in solving the growing problems of our society.
B. Funding support involved in the program includes scholarships of
financially needy Columbia College students, summer work projects in
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various communities across the country, two-year internships
Page 2.
following graduation, loan forgiveness on Federal loans for the duration
of internship at 10% per year up to 5 years (like the former National
Defense Student Loan of the 1960's and early 1970's).
C. Costs
1. Average scholarship at Columbia College over next 5 years - $11,500.
2. Summer work project salaries - $3,000 for 12 weeks (summer work
expectations for scholarship students range from $1,100 - $1,800
freshman through senior year).
3. Internship salary - $24,000 per year.
4. Loan forgiveness - average student indebtedness to GSL is $14,000 at
9% simple interest.
D. Scale
1. 10-15 students per year on scholarships, sophomores through seniors.
2. Partnership is equal share of costs among Columbia, the Kraft family
and the Federal government.
.
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Page 3.
3. Kraft scholars must be at least B- students, volunteers in a community
related project term time and must engage in a summer
internship at least once in their academic career.
4. Any qualified student can be sponsored on a summer internship or
two-year post-graduate project, subject to meeting application
deadlines and approval of the Kraft Selection Committee (which
could be comprised on Columbia College Dean of Students, Columbia
University Director of Career Planning and Placement, and Columbia
College Stewardship Coordinator.
E. Why Columbia?
1. The College's Core Curriculum teaches students about the problems
of living in a global community and one's responsibility to it.
2. Located in New York City, Columbia is in a unique position to make
an impact on the city's urban problems, which currently engage a
large number of Columbia College students through Community
Impact.
3. The Columbia College community is the most diverse in the Ivy
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League in terms of ethnicity, religion, and socio-economic background,
Page 4.
which heightens awareness of the multi-faceted nature of this
country's problems.
4. The University is heavily engaged in the Harlem and New York
community beginning with the State/City/University sponsored
Audubon Project to Double Discovery Center, at Columbia College
which reaches out to over 500 urban youth to aid them in personal
and college counseling.
As I said, Bob, this is a rough sketch, but I wanted to follow through on putting
down my thoughts asap. I look forward to your reactions on this concept. Are we in
the same ballpark?
Sincerely,
J. James T. McMenamin
Dean of College Relations