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armed forces, and their recent combat or deployment experience. In
addition, we attempted to include countries which represented a range of
attitudes concerning homosexuality.
Our work in the four countries included discussions with mid- and
senior-level military and government officials, former active duty military
personnel, members of the reserve forces, representatives of veterans and
homosexual advocacy groups, and academic experts. These groups
provided a broad range of views concerning the treatment of homosexuals
in the military. We also intended to talk to active duty officers and enlisted
personnel at military headquarters and field units. However, of the four
countries, only Sweden permitted us to interview active duty unit
personnel. Nevertheless, our discussions with numerous other
knowledgeable civilians and military personnel, representing a wide
spectrum of opinions, gave us no indication that unit personnel would
have provided a different perspective.
Appendix I discusses our scope and methodology in more detail.
Appendix II describes the military policies concerning homosexuals for 21
of the 25 countries in our sample, including related information on the
practices of some of the countries. Appendixes III through VI discuss the
results of our in-depth review for the remaining four countries-Canada,
Germany, Israel, and Sweden.
Background
Congress is currently debating the President's proposal to lift the ban on
homosexuals in the U.S. armed forces. As part of this debate, Congress has
expressed an interest in foreign countries' military policies and
experiences concerning homosexuals.
The 25 countries included in our review represent a wide range of
cultures, religions, forms of government, and geographic locations. The
four countries selected for our more detailed review-Canada, Germany,
Israel, and Sweden-generally reflect Western cultural values yet still
provide a range of ethnic diversity. Germany and Sweden have ethnically
homogeneous populations. Israel's population is diverse, with immigrants
from all over the world. The largest ethnic groups in Canada are people
with British or French backgrounds, or some combination of the two.
However, almost one-third of the population has other ethnic
backgrounds.
Page 2
GAO/NSIAD-93-215 Homosexuals in the Military
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"ocrText": "B-253590\narmed forces, and their recent combat or deployment experience. In\naddition, we attempted to include countries which represented a range of\nattitudes concerning homosexuality.\nOur work in the four countries included discussions with mid- and\nsenior-level military and government officials, former active duty military\npersonnel, members of the reserve forces, representatives of veterans and\nhomosexual advocacy groups, and academic experts. These groups\nprovided a broad range of views concerning the treatment of homosexuals\nin the military. We also intended to talk to active duty officers and enlisted\npersonnel at military headquarters and field units. However, of the four\ncountries, only Sweden permitted us to interview active duty unit\npersonnel. Nevertheless, our discussions with numerous other\nknowledgeable civilians and military personnel, representing a wide\nspectrum of opinions, gave us no indication that unit personnel would\nhave provided a different perspective.\nAppendix I discusses our scope and methodology in more detail.\nAppendix II describes the military policies concerning homosexuals for 21\nof the 25 countries in our sample, including related information on the\npractices of some of the countries. Appendixes III through VI discuss the\nresults of our in-depth review for the remaining four countries-Canada,\nGermany, Israel, and Sweden.\nBackground\nCongress is currently debating the President's proposal to lift the ban on\nhomosexuals in the U.S. armed forces. As part of this debate, Congress has\nexpressed an interest in foreign countries' military policies and\nexperiences concerning homosexuals.\nThe 25 countries included in our review represent a wide range of\ncultures, religions, forms of government, and geographic locations. The\nfour countries selected for our more detailed review-Canada, Germany,\nIsrael, and Sweden-generally reflect Western cultural values yet still\nprovide a range of ethnic diversity. Germany and Sweden have ethnically\nhomogeneous populations. Israel's population is diverse, with immigrants\nfrom all over the world. The largest ethnic groups in Canada are people\nwith British or French backgrounds, or some combination of the two.\nHowever, almost one-third of the population has other ethnic\nbackgrounds.\nPage 2\nGAO/NSIAD-93-215 Homosexuals in the Military"
}