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Fast Track – Current (9/97) [2]
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FOIA Number: 2017-0401-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the William J. Clinton
Presidential Library Staff.
Collection/Record Group:
Clinton Presidential Records
Subgroup/Office of Origin:
Special Envoy for the Americas
Series/Staff Member:
General Files
Subseries:
OA/ID Number:
11851
FolderID:
Folder Title:
Fast Track - Current (9/97) [2]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
S
66
3
9
3
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. memo
Geoffrey Pyatt to Samuel Berger; RE: CBI Enhancement (4 pages)
06/09/1997
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
General Files
OA/Box Number: 11851
FOLDER TITLE:
Fast Track - Current (9/97) [2]
2017-0401-F
db4734
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA|
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRAI
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information 1(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
June 2, 1997
MEMORANDUM FOR MACK MCLARTY
From:
Dan Lesmez Dan.
cc:
Nelson Cunningham
Eric Farnsworth
Subject:
Meeting on CBI Trade Enhancement with Steve Lande and
CACTAC Representatives
On Wednesday, May 28, I met with Steve Lande, President of Manchester Trade,
Ltd., and representatives of the Central American and Caribbean Textiles and Apparel
Council (CACTAC), including: Alfredo Milian Jerez (El Salvador), Juan de Dios Herrera
and Arnoldo Solis (Honduras), and Marco Cuevas (Guatemala). They were in Washington
advocating the need for CBI trade enhancement legislation with U.S. -based industry groups,
the Administration and other organizations.
They were particularly concerned about the implications of the differences that exist
among the main U.S. textile and apparel industry groups over the textile and apparel
provision to be included in a CBI proposal. They provided me with a copy of a letter that
the National Retail Federation and the U.S. Association of Importers of Textiles and Apparel
sent to the American Apparel Manufacturers Association (AAMA) regarding their
disagreement with a proposal that the AAMA has drafted and shared with the Administration
and several U.S. Embassies included in CBI.
If the lack of consensus among these U.S. industry groups persists much longer, the
CACTAC representatives believe that it could hamstring the Administration's ability to send
the legislation up to Capitol Hill, and would most likely hinder its chances for Congressional
approval. Nonetheless, they hoped that the Administration would move forward with its
proposal and send it up to Congress soon, thereby fulfilling the President's stated
commitment during his visit to the region last month.
Steve Lande was very appreciative of the opportunity to have a meeting with me.
May 22, 1997
MEMORANDUM FOR MR. MCLARTY
From:
Dan Lesmez Dan
Subject:
CBI Trade Enhancement
I spoke with John Hueneman and Sue Cronan this afternoon about the status of the CBI
Trade Enhancement proposal. Several agencies are still reviewing it, although only minor changes
are expected to be made to it. The date for the submission of this proposal to Capitol Hill remains
uncertain, although there is a chance that a decision on when to send it up could come up as early
as next week after the "dust settles" on Fast track.
Although the CBI Trade enhancement proposal is reflected in the President's FY 1998
budget that was submitted in February, it is not included in the House budget resolution. It also is
not expected to be included in the Senate's budget resolution. Instead, the tax writing committees
are expected to take it up separately after the proposal is submitted to Congress by the
Administration.
cc:
Nelson Cunningham
Eric Farnsworth
Steve Ronnel
Andrew Friendly
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. memo
Geoffrey Pyatt to Samuel Berger; RE: CBI Enhancement (4 pages)
06/09/1997
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
General Files
OA/Box Number: 11851
FOLDER TITLE:
Fast Track - Current (9/97) [2]
2017-0401-F
db4734
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)|
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA|
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIAJ
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA)
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
MACK McLARTY Byrd rwle
MEMORANDUM
OF CALL
Previous editions usable
I have set
TO: Mack
up a phone
YOU WERE CALLED BY-
YOU WERE VISITED BY
Seuator P. Gramm
call for 3pm today.
OF (Organization)
224 2934 224 2934
PLEASE PHONE
(Enter area code,
You will Call him
if necessary)
DSN
WILL CALL AGAIN
IS WAITING TO SEE YOU
Phic/Crom
RETURNED YOUR CALL
WISHES AN APPOINTMENT
MESSAGE
Separate considention
Please call
3
RECEIVED BY
DATE
NSN-7540-00-634-4018 Ginger
6/2
TIME
10:55
OPTIONAL FORM 363 (Rev. 7-94)
50363-111
General Services Administration
UNICOR FPI-SST
te:
nelson
PRIORITY
UNCLASSIFIED
Steve
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
Eric
PAGE 01 OF 05
Sob hyle
PRT: MCLARTY
SIT: ARMSTRONG DESOUZA DOBBINS KYLE LEE PICCONE PYATT TARULLO TESTA
SIT: NSC
<PREC> PRIORITY <CLAS> UNCLASSIFIED <DTG> 050746Z JUN 97
FM AMEMBASSY SANTIAGO
TO RUEHRC/USDA FAS WASHDC PRIORITY 0164
RHEHAAA/WHITE HOUSE WASHDC PRIORITY
RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 3835
INFO RUEHPE/AMEMBASSY LIMA PRIORITY 0432
RUEHLP/AMEMBASSY LA PAZ 0560
RUEHBU/AMEMBASSY BUENOS AIRES 0872
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 03 SANTIAGO 001950
WHITE HOUSE FOR MCLARTY AND TARULLO
LIMA FOR MCLARTY, BABBITT AND DAVIDOW
STATE PLEASE PASS TO USTR FOR BARSHEFSKY
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: OREP, OVIP, ETRD, PREL, CI
SUBJECT: CODEL GRAMM POSITIVE ON TRADE AND PENSIONS IN CHILE
REF: STATE 085815 (NOTAL)
SUMMARY
1. BANKING COMMITTEE SENATORS PHIL GRAMM (R-TX) AND ROD GRAMS (R-
MN), WITH STAFFERS WAYNE ABERNATHY AND LIANCHAO HAN, VISITED CHILE
MAY 27-31. THEY MET WITH THE PRESIDENT, THE FOREIGN MINISTER, THE
FINANCE MINISTER AND THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE PENSION FUND
ADMINISTRATORS. (SEN. GRAMM TOLD US UPON HIS ARRIVAL HE WOULD LIKE
TO MEET WITH THE DEFENSE MINISTER OREAD OF THE AIR FORCE
REGARDING SALE OF F-16 AIRCRAFT TO CHILE, BUT BOTH WERE OUT OF TOWN
DURING HIS VISIT. HE IS CONSIDERING MAKING ANOTHER VISIT TO CHILE
IN EARLY 1998.) AT EVERY MEETING THE SENATORS STRESSED THEIR
SUPPORT FOR A U.S.-CHILE TRADE AGREEMENT AND A DESIRE TO WORK WITH
THE WHITE HOUSE TO LAY THE GROUNDWORK FOR PASSAGE OF FAST TRACK
LEGISLATION IN THE FALL. SEN. GRAMM TOLD US HE FOUND THE VISIT
INFORMATIVE. END SUMMARY.
INSULZA SAYS CHILE HASN'T GIVEN UP, PREFERS NAFTA TO MERCOSUR
2. ON MAY 28, CODEL GRAMM, JOINED BY REP. JIM KOLBE (R-AZ) WHO WAS
IN SANTIAGO AT THE SAME TIME, MET WITH FOREIGN MINISTER JOSE MIGUEL
INSULZA. SEN. GRAMM RECOGNIZED THAT CHILE HAS BEEN FRUSTRATED WITH
THE PACE OF NAFTA ACCESSION AND OBSERVED THAT ON TRADE IT SEEMED
UNCLASSIFIED
PRIORITY
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 05
THE WORLD WAS BEGINNING TO PASS THE U.S. BY. HE NOTED THAT HE HAD
INTRODUCED BOTH GENERAL AND CHILE-SPECIFIC FAST TRACK LEGISLATION
AND LOOKED FORWARD TO WORKING WITH THE WHITE HOUSE TO PASS FAST
TRACK. HE TOLD INSULZA HE KNEW CHILE HAD OTHER SUITORS BUT THAT
THE UNITED STATES WAS STILL ITS BEST BET IN TRADE. INSULZA SAID
CHILE UNDERSTOOD THE U.S. DOMESTIC REASONS FOR DELAY IN A TRADE
DEAL BUT THAT, AS PRESIDENT FREI NOTED IN HIS SPEECH TO THE U.S.
CONGRESS, IT WAS STRANGE THAT CHILE HAD so MANY TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
GOING ON BUT NONE WITH ITS MAIN TRADING PARTNER.
3. REP. KOLBE ASKED WHETHER CHILE WOULD BE INTERESTED IN A FULL
PARTNERSHIP WITH MERCOSUR. INSULZA SAID CHILE'S RELATIONSHIP WITH
THE MEMBER COUNTRIES GOES BEYOND MERCOSUR, JUST AS U.S. RELATIONS
WITH MEXICO GO BEYOND NAFTA. THUS, WHILE CHILE'S AGREEMENT WITH
MERCOSUR IS NARROWER THAN THAT WITH CANADA, IT WAS MORE IMPORTANT
POLITICALLY. INSULZA POINTED TO TWO PROBLEMS WITH JOINING THE
COMMON MARKET AND BECOMING A FULL MEMBER OF MERCOSUR:
CHILE'S UNIFORM TARIFF RATE, WHICH COULD WELL DROP FROM 11
PERCENT CURRENTLY TO 7 PERCENT AS CHILE'S ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT
WITH MERCOSUR BECOMES FULLY EFFECTIVE, WAS INCOMPATIBLE WITH
MERCOSUR'S DIFFERENTIATED SYSTEM WITH HIGHER TARIFFS.
-- NAFTA PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN TRADE LIBERALIZATION GENERALLY.
IF CHILE JOINED MERCOSUR, IT WOULD HAVE TO FOLLOW THE BLOC AND
WOULD BE UNABLE TO NEGOTIATE SEPARATELY WITH NAFTA.
4. SEN. GRAMS WONDERED WHETHER CHILE MIGHT GET TIRED OF WAITING
AND INSULZA ASSURED HIM THAT CHILE WAS NOT GOING SOMEWHERE ELSE.
ACCORDING TO INSULZA, CHILE CAN WAIT AS FROM A STRICTLY ECONOMIC
PERSPECTIVE THERE WAS NO HURRY. HE SAID THOUGH, IN POLITICAL
TERMS, WHEN SOMETHING REPEATEDLY IS PUT FORWARD UNSUCCESFULLY, IT
TENDS TO LOSE FORCE. INSULZA SAID THAT ALTHOUGH CHILE DID NOT KNOW
WHEN THE U.S. DOOR WOULD OPEN, THAT WHEN IT DID, CHILE KNEW IT
WOULD BE FIRST IN LINE.
FINANCE MINISTER ANINAT: FAST TRACK AND SUMMIT
5. SEN. GRAMM TOLD FINANCE MINISTER EDUARDO ANINAT HE WAS EAGER TO
MOVE AHEAD ON FREE TRADE WITH CHILE. HE THOUGHT PRESIDENT
CLINTON'S SETTING A DATE FOR INTRODUCTION OF FAST TRACK LEGISLATION
WAS IMPORTANT AND THAT THE CONGRESS AND THE ADMINISTRATION WERE
MAKING PROGRESS ON SOLVING DIFFERENCES ON LABOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PROVISIONS. HE RECALLED HE HAD ALREADY INTRODUCED TWO VERSIONS OF
FAST TRACK LEGISLATION AND HOPED TO WORK WITH THE WHITE HOUSE PRIOR
TO INTRODUCTION OF THE ADMINISTRATION'S BILL SO FAST TRACK
ADVOCATES COULD WIN THE WAR BEFORE THE FIGHTING STARTED. SEN.
GRAMS ADDED THAT THE SEPTEMBER DATE GRANTED TIME TO BUILD CONSENSUS
ON FAST TRACK BEFORE THE BILL WAS PRESENTED. ANINAT ASKED WHETHER
THE BUDGET TALKS COULD DELAY FAST TRACK AGAIN. SEN. GRAMM ANSWERED
UNCLASSIFIED
PRIORITY
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 03 OF 05
THAT THEY COULD GET FAST TRACK PASSED IN THE FALL SO IT WOULD NOT
SPILL OVER INTO AN ELECTION YEAR.
6. ANINAT OBSERVED THAT HOLDING THE SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS IN
SANTIAGO IN MARCH OF 1998 WOULD BE VERY STRATEGIC - IN TERMS OF THE
WTO AS WELL AS MERCOSUR. THE COMING YEAR WOULD BE DECISIVE AS TO
WHETHER FREE TRADE EXPANSION WAS JUST VERBIAGE OR FACTS, ACCORDING
UNCLAS SECTION 02 OF 03 SANTIAGO 001950
WHITE HOUSE FOR MCLARTY AND TARULLO
LIMA FOR MCLARTY, BABBITT AND DAVIDOW
STATE PLEASE PASS TO USTR FOR BARSHEFSKY
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: OREP, OVIP, ETRD, PREL, CI
SUBJECT: CODEL GRAMM POSITIVE ON TRADE AND PENSIONS IN CHILE
TO ANINAT, WHO ADDED THAT THE TIMING WAS EXCELLENT AND THAT THEY
SHOULD ALL WORK TOGETHER FOR IT.
MEETING WITH PRESIDENT FREI: FREE TRADE, SOA, WHEAT AND GRAPES
7. FREE TRADE: SEN. GRAMM PRAISED CHILE'S ECONOMIC SUCCESS AND
TOLD PRESIDENT EDUARDO FREI HE THOUGHT PRESIDENT CLINTON'S
ANNOUNCEMENT ABOUT INTRODUCING FAST TRACK IN SEPTEMBER WAS
IMPORTANT AND THAT HE INTENDED TO HAVE FAST TRACK NEGOTIATING
AUTHORITY, AT LEAST FOR CHILE, IN HAND BEFORE THE THANKSGIVING
LEGISLATIVE BREAK. PRESIDENT FREI PUT TRADE IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT,
CITING THE FAMILIAR STATISTICS ON CHILE'S ECONOMIC SUCCESS AND THE
COUNTRY'S WISH TO DEMONSTRATE THAT A DEVELOPING COUNTRY CAN
CONSOLIDATE DEMOCRACY, GROW, REDUCE POVERTY AND BE OPEN TO FREE
TRADE. HE THEN REVIEWED THE MANY TRADE NEGOTIATIONS CHILE HAS
UNDERTAKEN, ADDING THAT GETTING A FREE TRADE AGREEEMENT WITH THE
UNITED STATES NONETHELESS WAS VERY IMPORTANT TO CHILE - AS A
TRADING PARTNER AND IN THE FTAA CONTEXT.
8. SEN. GRAMM OPINED THAT ECONOMIC GROWTH IS THE MOST EFFICIENT
MEANS OF ALLEVIATING POVERTY AND THAT CHILE HAS BEEN A MODEL FOR
THE WORLD AS OTHER COUNTRIES WATCH CHILE AND CHANGE THEIR OWN
POLICIES. HE ADDED THAT THE US WANTS TO BE A PART OF CHILE'S
SUCCESS THROUGH A FREE TRADE AGREEMENT. THE SENATOR SAID HE WANTED
TO WORK WITH THE WHITE HOUSE ON FAST TRACK AND WAS HOPING THEY
WOULD COME TO AN AGREEMENT ON HOW TO HANDLE THE LABOR AND
ENVIRONMENT ISSUES. SEN. GRAMM HOPED BY THE TIME PRESIDENT CLINTON
CAME TO SANTIAGO, NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CHILE
WOULD ALREADY BE UNDERWAY. PRESIDENT FREI RESPONDED THAT FREE
TRADE WAS MORE THAN A PILLAR, IT WAS A "CATHEDRAL" AND A VITAL
FACTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT. HE REVIEWED AGAIN THE ARRAY OF CHILEAN
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, HIGHLIGHTING THE STRENGTH OF TIES WITH LATIN
AMERICA AND MERCOSUR WHICH GO BEYOND TRADE TO INTEGRATION.
UNCLASSIFIED
PRIORITY
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 04 OF 05
9. SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS: FREI SAID CHILE WANTED TO TREAT THE
FOLLOWING SUBJECTS AT THE SUMMIT: GOVERNANCE, FREE TRADE, AND THE
CHALLENGE OF REDUCING POVERTY, AS THROUGH EDUCATION. HE SAW
PROGRESS IN EDUCATION AND FREE TRADE AS KEY TO ENABLING CHILE TO
MAKE A QUALITATIVE LEAP FORWARD TOWARD DEVELOPMENT.
10. WHEAT AND GRAPES: SEN. GRAMS ASKED FREI ABOUT THE
RESTRICTIONS ON IMPORTS OF U.S. WHEAT BECAUSE OF FEARS OF KARNAL
BUNT INFESTATION. FREI SAID THEY HAD DISCUSSED IT EXTENSIVELY
DURING THE STATE VISIT AND THAT HE THOUGHT THE MATTER HAD LARGELY
BEEN SETTLED; AMBASSADOR GUERRA NOTED THAT THERE WERE STILL
PROCEDURAL DIFFERENCES TO RESOLVE. SEN. GRAMM RECALLED THAT JUST
AS CHILE HAD BEEN CONCERNED ABOUT THE GRAPE ISSUE, WE WERE
CONCERNED ABOUT THE WHEAT RESTRICTIONS AND THAT IT WAS GENERALLY
BEST TO RESOLVE SUCH ISSUES AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE TO AVOID A
SITUATION WHICH WOULD HURT BOTH SIDES.
SENATORS PLEASED WITH SESSIONS ON PENSION REFORM
11. THE SENATORS MET WITH THE SUPERINTENDENT OF PENSION FUND
ADMINISTRATORS, JULIO BUSTAMANTE, WHO EXPLAINED IN PRACTICAL TERMS
HOW THE CHILEAN SYSTEM OF INDIVIDUALLY CAPITALIZED PENSIONS WORKS.
HE ALSO DISCUSSED THE GOVERNMENT'S OVERSIGHT ROLE AND TRANSITION
PROVISIONS. FORMER MINISTER OF LABOR AND SOCIAL SECURITY JOSE
PINERA GAVE THE SENATORS MORE THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
ON THE PENSION SYSTEM AND TRANSITION. (PINERA IS ACTIVE WORLDWIDE
IN PROMOTING ADOPTION OF INDIVIDUALLY CAPITALIZED PENSION SYSTEMS
AND IS EXPECTED TO TESTIFY BEFORE SEN. GRAMM'S SUBCOMMITTEE ON
SECURITIES LATER THIS MONTH.)
CODEL MEETS WITH FORMER GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC OFFICIALS, AMCHAM AND
PARLIAMENTARIANS, AND SEES A BIT OF CHILE
12. ON MAY 27, THE SENATORS ENJOYED A STIMULATING DISCUSSION ON
THE THEORY BEHIND CHILE'S ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AS WELL AS ITS
FUTURE PROSPECTS WITH SEVERAL OF THE ARCHITECTS OF THAT TRANSITION
AT A DINNER HOSTED BY FORMER FINANCE MINISTER CARLOS CACERES. THE
CHILEAN-AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE HOSTED A BREAKFAST FOR THE
DELEGATION ON MAY 28. THE DISCUSSION FOCUSSED ON FAST TRACK AND
THE NEED FOR A FREE TRADE AGREEMENT WITH CHILE, IN BOTH A LOCAL AND
A LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT. COMPANIES REPRESENTED AT THE MEETING
INCLUDED AIG, 3M, JC PENNEY, IBM, EXXON, CHASE MANHATTAN, ESSO
CHILE, PRUDENTIAL SECURITIES AND BELLSOUTH. LATER ON THE 28TH, THE
CODEL VISITED THE PARLIAMENT IN VALPARAISO. DEPUTY DARIO PAYA
(UDI) TOOK CODEL TO HIS LOW-INCOME DISTRICT IN SANTIAGO ON MAY 29.
AFTER SEN. GRAMS DEPARTED THAT EVENING, SEN. GRAMM HAD DINNER WITH
LEADERS OF THE NATIONAL RENOVATION (RN) PARTY. ON MAY 30, SEN.
UNCLASSIFIED
PRIORITY
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 05 OF 05
UNCLAS SECTION 03 OF 03 SANTIAGO 001950
WHITE HOUSE FOR MCLARTY AND TARULLO
LIMA FOR MCLARTY, BABBITT AND DAVIDOW
STATE PLEASE PASS TO USTR FOR BARSHEFSKY
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: OREP, OVIP, ETRD, PREL, CI
SUBJECT: CODEL GRAMM POSITIVE ON TRADE AND PENSIONS IN CHILE
GRAMM VISITED A HATCHERY AND SALMON PROCESSING PLANT IN THE PUERTO
MONTT AREA. ON MAY 31, THE PEACE CORPS COUNTRY DIRECTOR BRIEFED
HIM ON PEACE CORPS ACTIVITIES IN CHILE.
13. THE CODEL HAS NOT CLEARED THIS MESSAGE.
GUERRA
<^SECT>SECTION: 01 OF 03
<^SSN>1950
<^TOR>970605072416 M2790697
<^SECT>SECTION: 02 OF 03
<^SSN>1950
<^TOR>970605072502 M2790698
<^SECT>SECTION: 03 OF 03
<^SSN>1950
<MSGID> M2790697
UNCLASSIFIED
OC>Nf this well
July 11, 1997
MEMORANDUM FOR MACK MCLARTY
CAril And
From:
Dan Lesmez Dear
CC:
Nelson Cunningham
Eric Farnsworth
Steve Ronnel
Subject: ( Congressional Conferees on Budget Reconciliation and Strategy
This has been a very productive week, as indicated by Senator Lott's announcement during his
daily press conference yesterday that CBITEA is a priority of his for the Conference Committee,
Senator Moynihan sending messages that he will at least not move to block the inclusion of the
provision in the budget reconciliation measure, and Senator Roth asserting his leadership role
directing his Chief of Staff to convene a conference process to attempt to reach a bipartisan and
bicameral conference offer.
The conference committee that will deal with Tax policy is heavily weighted in support of
CBITEA. The Senate conferees, on substance, include: Roth, Lott and Moynihan; the
House conferees, on substance, include: Archer, Crane, Thomas, Rangel and Matsui.
From the leadership and the Budget Committee side, the Senate includes: Domenici,
Grassley, Nickles, Lautenberg and Conrad; and, the House includes: Armey, DeLay,
Kasich, McDermott and Bonior.
The only anticipated opposition from the conferees will come from Conrad and Bonior,
and it is not certain that Conrad will choose to weigh-in on CBITEA. Bonior is against
Blactros
the majority of the Budget Reconciliation bill, so his position on CBITEA will be viewed
in that context. Moreover, the conferees that really count when push comes to shove are
those that are negotiating on substance, of which all, with the exception of Moynihan who
is increasingly inclined to support it, are in favor of CBITEA.
For Action:
Call to Chairman Archer to let him know that CBITEA is a priority for the Administration
and that the Administration remains flexible in its position on the content of the legislation.
This could also be a good opportunity to lay out the Administration's negotiating position,
as it is
Early next week call John Hilley and impress upon him the high priority that the
Administration places on the CBITEA, walk him through the series of contacts that have
Neel
taken place with the Hill up to that point, and elaborate on the compromise we are trying
Apport
to work out with the Hill. Also, you can vet the idea of a Caribbean rollout event, to
make sure it will not in his mind interfere with the CBI negotiations.
JUL 13 'CA 09:14AM
P.2/2
S 949 (Taxes)
-----H.R. 2014
Roth
Moynihan
Lott
Lautenberg
Domenici
Conrad
Grassley
Nickles
Archer
Rangel
Crane
Matsui
Thomas
McDermott
Armey
Bonior
DeLay
Kasich
S 947
(Spending)
-----H.R. 2015
Domenici
Kasich
Spratt
Grassley
Hobson
Bonior
Nickles
Armey
Fazio
Gramm
DeLay
Stenholm
Lugar
Hastert
Dingell
Helms
Smith
Stark
D'Amato
Goodlatte
Clay
Shelby
Leach
Oberstar
McCain
Lazio
Evans
Stevens
Bliley
Levin
Murkowski
Schaefer
Gonzalez
Craig
Bilirakis
Kildee
Roth
Thomas
Payne
Lott
Goodling
Waxman
Thompson
Fawell
Collins
Burton
Jeffords
Mica
Coats
Shuster
Specter
Molinari
Thurmond
Stump
Lautenberg
Smith
Conrad
Talent
Boxer
Shaw
Harkin
Camp
Sarbanes
Tauzin
Hollings
McKeon
Bumpers
Gilchrest
Moynihan
Glenn
Kennedy
Rockefeller
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
July 3, 1997
Mack,
We thought you might
like to see this compilation
of texts from the Caribbean
Summit that USIA produced.
Let me know if you want
any more copies.
AND 1 \
Sincerely,
main Neeson 2
Bob DM
\
Desid
-
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
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PARTNERSHIP
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THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20508
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THE PRESIDENT
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TRADE STATE STATES UTIVE STATE UNITED REPRESENTATIVE 3HL UNITED NEL OFFICE NO R
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FROM:
Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky
FAX No 202-395-4549
PHONE No. 202-395-6890
To:
The Hon. Mack McLarty
WITH:
The White House
DATE:
July 3, 1997
Total Pages: 2
Message:
7,?
Please see attached memo.
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002
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20508
July 2, 1997
MEMORANDUM FOR:
SECRETARY ALBRIGHT
SANDY BERGER
MACK MCLARTY
FROM:
AMBASSADOR CHARLENE BARSHERST
SUBJECT:
STATUS OF BANANA ISSUE
Since May 9 when the President raised the banana issue at the Caribbean Summit in Barbados
and the subsequent U.S.-EU Summit in the Hague, USTR has continued to pursue the WTO case
and has been attempting to engage the European Union (EU) and EU member states in
discussions regarding possible solutions to this difficult issue. Our overall objectives remain to
negotiate a solution that is fully consistent with the WTO, that allows the resumption of Latin
American export growth to the EU market, and that recognizes the critical importance to
Caribbean country banana producers of continued access to the EU market. Completion of the
WTO case is essential for our overall credibility -- in Congress. Latin America. and even with the
EU and the Caribbean - and for resolving this major trade dispute.
Regarding the WTO case, the EU has appealed most of the WTO panel's findings. USTR is
working with our co-complainants (Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) to prepare for the
appellate body proceedings. The WTO appellate body will hear the case on July 21-22 and is
scheduled to issue its report not later than mid-September We expect the appellate body to
uphold the panel's main findings.
At the Denver Summit, I personally raised with Sir Leon Brittan the U.S. request to meet with
the EU Commission on this issue. While hesitant, Sir Leon agreed that we could send a team to
Brussels after the appellate body hearing to conduct informal "technical" discussions. He was
quite insistent that no meeting should be held before the appellate body hearings, so as to avoid
any appearance that the EU had panicked. In order to make these discussions most productive,
we do not plan to invite any other countries at this juncture.
In addition to meeting with the Commission, we continue to work with key EU member states to
6
build support for a WTO-consistent solution. Given the complexity of this issue and the
importance of the EU's banana regime to so many member State and other interests, reaching a
mutually acceptable outcome is not going to be easy or rapid
PRESERVATION
PHOTOCOPY
MAIN IIIIIII
mm
IIIIIII.
The White House
THE SEAL SE
OF UNITED THE 10
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
FAST TRACK BRIEFING
Roosevelt Room
September 2, 1997
MATERIALS
I.
The President's Radio Address, August 23, 1997
II.
Testimony of Ambassador Barshefsky. June 10. 1997
III.
Message and Talking Points, September 2. 1997
IV.
State-by-State Export Data, May 1. 1997
V.
Talking Points: Cabinet Member Hill Consultations (Handout)
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
(Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts)
Embargoed For Release
Until 10:06 A.M. EDT
Saturday, August 23, 1997
RADIO ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT
TO THE NATION
Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts
THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. Today I want to talk about
the tools we need to keep our economy growing in a way that
helps all our people to prosper and advances America's
leadership in the world as we move into the 21st century.
For nearly five years now, we have pursued a new economic
course for America, with three parts: eliminate the deficit,
invest in education and training, and open new markets abroad
for America's products and services. It is working. The
American people are enjoying the longest period of sustained
economic growth in a generation -- with 12 million new jobs,
unemployment below five percent, core inflation at a 30-year
low. Once again, America is the world's number one exporter,
the world's largest producer of semiconductors, the world's
largest producer of automobiles. Our nation has been ranked the
world's most competitive economy for the last five years.
With a strong and prosperous America moving into the 21st
century, we must continue our successful economic strategy. In
1993, we passed an economic plan that cut the deficit 75 percent
in four years. And now we have a balanced budget with an
historic focus on education and incentives to bring jobs to
people and places that still don't have them.
But to keep America growing, to keep America leading, we
have to continue to create high-wage jobs, and to do that, we
must continue to expand American exports. After all, 95 percent
of the world's consumers live beyond our borders. Already, over
the last four years, more than 25 percent of our economic growth
2
has come from overseas trade. Now, that's a big reason more
than half our new jobs in the last two years have paid above
average wages, because export-related jobs pay, on average,
about 15 percent more than non-export jobs. And today, our
exports support more than 11 million good, high-paying American
jobs, including one in five of our manufacturing jobs.
To keep our economy growing and to create these good jobs
we must keep tearing down foreign barriers to American goods
and services. That's why, next month, I will ask Congress to
renew presidential fast track authority to negotiate tough new
trade agreements. This is authority that every President from
both parties has had since 1974. I will use it to negotiate
trade agreements that will keep us competitive, boost our
exports, create more good jobs and raise our standard of living.
This fast track authority will do three things. First, it
gives the President the flexibility I need to forge strong
agreements in sectors where our nation is most competitive --
such as agriculture, information technology, medical equipment
and environmental technology. Second, it will strengthen my
ability to get worldwide agreements, especially for our nation's
farmers, tearing down barriers in the world agricultural market.
It will also help to ensure that American companies and workers
compete in the global economy in a contest that is open, with a
level playing field, with rules that are fair and enforced.
Third, it will help me to negotiate more open markets with
specific countries, especially in Latin America and Asia. In
the coming century, these emerging markets in Latin America and
Asia are expected to grow three times as fast as our own -- and
their demand for United States goods and services is already
taking off. If we don't seize these new opportunities, our
competitors surely will. Already, since 1992, in Latin America
and Asia alone, our competitors have negotiated 20 trade
agreements that do not include the United States.
To make sure all our people share the fruits of increased
prosperity and commerce, I also will continue to promote worker
rights and responsible environmental policies with our trading
partners. And I'll keep working to strengthen retraining and
educational opportunities for workers here. We have to pull
together, not apart, to compete and win in the global economy.
For more than two decades now, on a bipartisan basis,
Congress has consistently supported initiatives to open markets
and create jobs -- including the President's authority to break
3
down trade barriers around the world. Our workers and our
businesses are the best in the world, but they can't compete in
the slow lane. I look forward to working closely with Congress
to keep American prosperity on the fast track.
END
Testimony of Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky
United States Trade Representative
before the House International Relations Committee
June 10, 1997
Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee. I am pleased to appear before you today.
I appreciate this opportunity to set forth the Administration's views on the direction of trade policy.
When I entered the field of international trade twenty two years ago, trade was really the province
of a relatively few academics, trade technicians, and a handful of interested members of Congress.
Those days are long past. As trade becomes more central to our economic health and security, it has
also gained importance in the views of virtually all members of Congress and the lives of everyday
people across this nation. This Administration, and any future Administration, bears the responsibility
of explaining our trade policy clearly and building broad political support for it.
Trade and Domestic Prosperity
We should begin by recognizing that our economy is the strongest in the world; that expanded trade
has played an important role in building that strength; and that no country in the world is better
positioned to take advantage of the enormous opportunities presented by a growing global economy.
In fact, we are at a unique moment and we need to seize it now.
Never before have the benefits of trade for Americans been so deep, so diverse, 30 widespread, and
SO sustainable. More than 11 million Americans now work in jobs supported by exports; these jobs
pay 13%-16% above the national average wage. Those jobs represent the leading edge of the current
economic expansion, now in its sixth year, and they cover the spectrum from agriculture to high tech,
small businesses to multinationals, blue collar to white collar, and small-town Main Street to Wall
Street Exports have increased dramatically across the country, with 47 of 50 states registering
significant export growth over the last 4 years. Exports from California are up 45%, Michigan 68%,
Illinois 64%, Ohio, 42%, Texas 40%, Nebraska 54%, North Dakota 76%, Montana 52%. Exports
from Florida, Rhode Island, Louisiana, and West Virginia have increased more than 30%. States from
New York to Utah also have posted double digit increases.
Export-driven growth is one of the reasons that the American economy today is strong and sound.
Over the past four years, we have created nearly 12 million new jobs. Unemployment is at its lowest
level in 24 years standing at 4.9% in April. Inflation is down to a low of 2.5% for the period ended
April 1997. At the same time, family incomes are up significantly; home ownership has hit a 15-year
high; growth of our industrial capacity is at its highest level since 1970; business investment has been
stronger than at any time since the 1960s. Our current economic expansion has been investment-led,
which establishes a firm footing for an even greater climb.
The best way to continue this prosperity is to give our workers and businesses a full and fair chance
1
to tap into the global economy. If the momentum of the American economy begins to stall, the world
economy can help it recharge. America's growth in trade has been faster than its overall economic
growth for years. Our exports increased by more than $49 billion last year alone; an increase of more
than 6 percent. Exports are at record levels across the board. Since 1992, manufactured exports
increased 42%; high-tech exports were up 45%, agricultural exports were up 40%, and services
exports increased by 26%.
Since the beginning of this Administration, exports have accounted for fully one-fourth of the increase
in our GDP. Today, the value of trade (exports plus imports plus investment earnings) totals 30%
of the value of GDP, up from 13% in 1970. Increases in GDP combined with a 70% reduction in the
federal budget deficit over the last four years, and the balanced budget agreement recently announced,
lay the foundation for continued economic expansion, but only if we continue to use all the tools
necessary to compete in and shape the global economy.
The Trade Record
Trade policy has contributed significantly to the economic strength of our country today. From the
early weeks of the Administration, the President made it clear that we would compete, not retreat
behind walls. We would not accept the status quo whereby too often our trading partners took
advantage of our open market while maintaining closed markets at home. We have relentlessly
pursued an agenda of opening foreign markets, and breaking down foreign market barriers.
We committed to work for a system where trade would be reciprocal; where all trade nations,
developed and developing, would adhere to the same set of basic rules. We have made important
strides in that regard with the creation of the WTO and elsewhere. We have not yet fully leveled the
playing field for U.S. companies, workers and farmers, but we have clearly made progress. The
world is generally more open to U.S. exports than it was when the President took office, and far more
open than when Congress, on a bipartisan basis, passed the landmark 1988 Trade Act which gave us
and our predecessors the clear direction and the tools to open markets around the world.
This Administration has negotiated over 200 trade agreements, all designed to advance our economic
and trade interests. In the past four and one-half years:
We completed the Uruguay Round, the largest trade agreement in world history, which will
add $100-200 billion to GDP annually when fully implemented.
We completed the NAFTA, which increased our exports to Mexico, and kept Mexican
markets open despite the worst economic crisis in Mexican modern history.
We worked tirelessly to break down market access barriers in Japan, which have presented
one of the central trade challenges for the past twenty years, reaching 24 agreements and
increasing our exports 43% in four years (with exports covered by these agreements growing
roughly twice as fast).
2
Fast Track: In the National Interest of the United States
FAST TRACK MEANS:
IMPROVING OUR STANDARD OF LIVING
Keeping the Economy on the Fast Track. By breaking down trade barriers and creating new
jobs, the President will use fast track authority to keep America's economic expansion on the
global fast track.
The Economy Is Strong. The President's three-part economic strategy of cutting the deficit,
investing in education and training, and opening markets abroad is working. America has
enjoyed the longest period of sustained growth in a generation- more than 25% coming from
overseas trade, The result: 12 million new jobs, unemployment at 5%, inflation the lowest in a
generation.
Our Future Prosperity Depends on Trade. 96% of the world's consumers live outside the United
States. The global economy will grow at three times the rate of the US economy. America
needs fast track to seize opportunities to negotiate fair new trade agreements that will keep us
competitive, expand our exports, create more jobs, and raise our standard of living.
FAST TRACK MEANS:
CREATING MORE JOBS
Breaking Down Barriers. The President will keep breaking down barriers to American products
and services because that strategy is producing positive results for companies and workers.
America is once again the world's largest total exporter, the largest producer of semiconductors,
and the largest producer of automobiles. Exports support 11 million American jobs, including
one in five manufacturing jobs and over the last four years have created 1.4 million new jobs.
Sectoral Agreements. The President needs the flexibility to negotiate agreements in sectors
where the United States is most competitive: such as agriculture, medical equipment,
telecommunications, and environmental technology.
Regional Free Trade Agreements. With this authority, the President is determined to continue
opening markets in Asia, Latin America, and Africa to US goods and services.
Free and Fair Trade. The President supports raising labor standards, protecting the environment
and expanding worker retraining and educational opportunities to ensure that no American is
left out of the global economy.
FAST TRACK MEANS:
MAINTANING AMERICA' GLOBAL LEADERSHIP
Compete or Retreat. As the American people prepare to meet the challenges of the 21st century,
we face a critical choice: Embrace the global economy and continue to shape it to America's
advantage, or turn back and fail to compete for new business, new contracts, and new jobs.
Credibility. Fast track gives the US the credibility to negotiate tough trade deals because our
partners know any agreement will not be reopened provision-by-provision by the Congress.
Fast track also preserves for the Congress the ultimate decision of whether any potential
agreement is good or bad for America. That assurance puts American in the best position to
negotiate major trade agreements and maintains a balance that has worked for over 20 years.
Continued Bipartisanship. Every President since 1974--Republican and Democratic--has had
fast track authority. Congress has consistently recognized that the President must have the
authority to break down foreign trade barriers, and a bipartisan majority of the United States
Congress has consistently supported American leadership in opening markets and creating jobs.
STAYING ON THE FAST TRACK
Fast track authority is in the overriding national interest of the United States. America's
economic strength and standard of living are linked to breaking down trade barriers, exporting
our goods and services, and creating more high-skilled jobs.
This debate is also about American leadership. As the American people prepare for the
challenges of the 21st century, we face a critical choice: We can embrace the global economy,
write the trade rules, and continue America's economic expansion, or we can turn our back on
the world and fail to compete for new markets, new contracts, new business and new job
opportunities.
The President must have the authority to break down foreign trade barriers. Every President
since 1974-- Republican and Democratic---has had fast track authority. A bipartisan majority
of Congress has consistently supported initiatives to open markets and create jobs. At stake in
this debate is both Presidential leadership and a bipartisan consensus on US trade policy.
Fast track gives the US the credibility to negotiate tough trade deals because our partners know
any agreement will not be reopened provision-by-provision by the Congress. Fast track also
preserves for the Congress the ultimate decision of whether any potential agreement is good or
bad for America. That assurance puts American in the best position to negotiate major trade
agreements and maintains a balance that has worked for over 20 years.
As we increase our trade, the President is committed to raising labor standards and protecting
the environment around the world and ensuring through aggressive worker retraining and
increased educational opportunities that no American is left out of the global economy
MAINTAINING OUR STANDARD OF LIVING
Opening markets to US goods and services has been critical to our economic expansion.
President Clinton's economic strategy of deficit reduction, investing in our people through
education and training, and opening markets to our goods and services has created the largest
economic expansion in a generation.
The American people have enjoyed the longest period of sustained growth of all our G-7
partners--seven years as of last March. The US economy has created 12 million new jobs, the
unemployment rate is 5%, core inflation is at a 30-year low.
The United States is once again the world's largest exporter, the largest producer of
semiconductors, and the largest producer of automobiles. Independent studies have found
America to be the most competitive economy in the world for the past five years.
1
The United States exports more products and services than any country in the world and trade
provided more than 25% our economic growth over the past four years.
Over the last four years, American manufacturing exports rose by 42%, high technology exports
jumped 46%, service exports climbed 33% and farm exports rose 41%.
No country is better positioned to compete than the United States. We have every reason to
have confidence in our economy, in our companies and workers and in our capacity to compete
and win. Fast track is a test of that confidence-and a prerequisite for seizing the trade
opportunities before us around the world.
CREATING MORE AMERICAN JOBS
Over the past four years, more than 25% of our economic growth has come from overseas trade
and US exports have created 1.4 million new American jobs. Fast track will give us the chance
to continue this trend.
In addition, 11 million total American jobs are supported by exports, including one in five
manufacturing jobs--paying an average of 13-16% more for non-management workers than
non-trade related jobs.
Over the next decade, the global economy is expected to grow at triple the rate of the US
economy. Growth will be particularly strong in the world's emerging markets, where demand
for American goods and services are taking off.
In a world where over 96% of the world's consumers live outside of the United States, we must
export our goods and services to sustain our standard of living at home. To stay on the global
fast track, the President needs fast track authority.
BREAKING DOWN TRADE BARRIERS
The expanding global economy presents enormous potential for American companies and workers:
Sectoral Agreements: The President would use fast track authority to negotiate agreements in
sectors where the US is most competitive. From medical equipment and services,
environmental technology and services, telecommunications to high tech computers, the
President will tear down more barriers to American exports. For example, the recent
Information Technology Agreement eliminated tariffs and unshackled $500 billion of trade in
semiconductors, computers, telecommunications equipment and software, and according to
industry estimates, amounts to a $5 billion tax cut in tariffs on American exports.
Agriculture: The President would use fast track authority for negotiations to reduce barriers in
the $536 billion global agriculture market that will attack such practices as export subsidies.
Services: The service sector represent a $1.2 trillion global market-where US firms exported
more than $220 billion in 1996 with a surplus of $73 billion. We have the opportunity to open
2
a wide range of service sectors, including health care, education, entertainment, tourism and
business consulting and advertising.
Regional Free Trade Agreements
Asia: Asia has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, with nearly 3 billion
consumers. Forecasters expect real growth of 6-7% annually for the next 15 years. With our
APEC partners, the President is working to reach agreement in key sectors that could open these
dynamic markets to America's goods and services and keep the free trade process going.
Latin America/Caribbean: The Latin American market including Mexico is the fastest growing
area for US exports. If this trend continues, Latin America and the Caribbean will exceed the
European Union as a market by 2000 and exceed Japan and the EU combined by 2010. The
President is committed to moving forward toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas by 2005.
Negotiating a free trade agreement with Chile is the next critical step in this process.
Africa: Working with Congress, the President recently launched an African trade initiative to
foster stronger economic prosperity in Africa and create new markets to American products.
Africa's nations are joining the march toward freedom and open markets--Sub-Saharan Africa
alone has 700 million potential consumers. Yet the United States currently supplies only 7% of
Africa's imports.
AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN THE WORLD
Half a century of determined American leadership has led to a 90-fold increase in global trade
and helped bring down global barriers to America's products--falling from an average 40% at
the end of World War II to about 5% today. Our leadership of the global economy has served
America's interest-and the world's.
As the sole remaining superpower, the United States has a fundamental national interest in
contributing to stability and security around the world. A more prosperous world will be a
more peaceful world-a world more hospitable to American interests and ideals. By opening
markets, fast track authority will contribute to global as well as American prosperity-it will
reinforce the common interest that diverse countries and regions share in sustaining that
prosperity.
America's failure to participate in shaping the global trading system will allow our competitors
to negotiate preferential trade arrangements, form strategic relationships excluding the United
States, and create new exclusive trade alliances. The United States cannot abdicate its global
leadership to the detriment of the American economy.
This debate must not be about the past but about the opportunities for the future. Fast track
authority will allow the President to knock down trade barriers and negotiate a broad array of
trade agreements--from sectoral agreements on medical equipment and telecommunications to
regional agreements in Asia, Africa and Latin American to eliminating global barriers in the
3
WTO. The debate over fast track is about embracing the opportunities of the global economy to
create jobs, expand exports, and maintain America's standard of living.
Opening foreign markets does not mean retreating from our commitment to labor and the
environment. The President is committed to promoting worker rights and ensuring that
economic growth does not come at the expense of a clean and healthy environment. Walking
away from the world's markets will not improve worker rights or protect the environment-but
through dialogue and engagement these issues can be addressed.
THE PRICE OF INACTION
Other countries are breaking down trade barriers and moving forward in creating competitive
trading relationships to the disadvantage of US companies and workers. It is in the national
interest of the American people to stay engaged in the global economy.
Since 1992, in Latin America and Asia alone, our competitors have negotiated 20 free trade
agreements that exclude the United States.
Today every major economy in this hemisphere has a preferential trade deal with Chile except
the United States. This gives our competitors an 11% across-the-board tariff advantage for their
products, which means American companies must sell to Chile with an immediate 11% cost
disadvantage.
For example, Canada's Northern Telecom recently won a $180 million telecommunications
contract in Chile over three US companies in part to avoid paying $20 million worth of tariffs.
Similarly, US corn producers are at a competitive disadvantage in Chile compared to
Argentinean corn producers because of a preferential agreement which gives Argentina a 3.3%
tariff preference which will soon increase to 11%.
MERCOSUR (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) wants to expand its agreements to include
all of South America a move which would disadvantage American businesses.
China has targeted Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Venezuela as "strategic priorities" to
expand bilateral trade in Latin America
The EU has begun a process to reach a free trade agreement with Brazil, Argentina and other
MERCOSUR countries. President Chirac recently declared "Latin America's essential
economic interests lie not with the United States but with Europe."
4
1996 STATE EXPORT DATA
Prepared by the Office of U.S. Trade Representative
Sources: Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research,
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
and U.S. Trade Representative
May 1, 1997
UNITED STATES EXPORTS
UNITED STATES GOODS & SERVICES
UNITED STATES JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
1000
12
11.3
10
800
835.4
99
600
617.7
Billions
Millions
6
400
4
2
200
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
The United States is the world's largest exporting country, recording goods and services exports totalling $835.7
billion in 1996, up 35 percent ($218 billion) from 1992. U.S. goods exports totaled $611.7 billion in 1996, up 39
percent ($171.5 billion) from 1992.
Over 11.3 million U.S. jobs were supported by goods and services exports during 1996. U.S. jobs supported by
goods and services exports grew an estimated 15 percent (1.5 million jobs) since 1992. Over 7.6 million U.S.
jobs were supported by goods exports, up an estimated 16 percent (1.1 million jobs) since 1992. Export-related
jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, U.S. exports accounted for 19.4 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 18.6 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
U.S. exports of manufactured products were up by 42 percent between 1992 and 1996 (from $368.2 billion in
1992 to $522.7 billion in 1996). U.S. exports of high technology products, a subcategory of manufactured
products, increased by 45 percent between 1992 and 1996 (from $107.1 billion in 1992 to $154.9 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of U.S. exports were: Industrial Machinery and Computers
($112.0 billion of exports in 1996), Transportation Equipment ($96.6 billion), Electronic and Electric Equipment
($94.9 billion), Chemical Products ($59.6 billion), and Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($34.8 billion).
These five sectors accounted for over 65 percent of the United States total exports in 1996.
Among the United States' fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1992
1996
Change %
Electronic and Electric Equipment
$52.9
$94.9
79%
Industrial Machinery and Computers
74.0
112.0
51
Primary Metal Products
14.6
21.9
50
Scientific and Measuring Products
24.9
34.8
40
The United States is the world's largest agricultural exporting country, shipping $60.6 billion in agricultural
exports abroad. The largest export categories, feed grains, soybeans, and wheat, accounted for 40 percent of
the United States' agricultural exports in 1996.
Total exports to NAFTA countries increased by 34 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996 (from $142.0
billion in 1993 to $190.4 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was the United States's largest export market,
while Mexico was the United States's third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 33 percent
($33.2 billion), from $100.4 billion in 1993 to $133.7 billion in 1996. U.S. exports to Mexico were up by 37
percent ($15.2 billion), from $41.6 billion in 1993 to $56.8 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was the United State's second largest export market. Total exports from the United States
to Japan were up 41 percent (S19.7 billion), from $47.8 billion in 1992 to $67.5 billion in 1996.
Total exports from the United States to the European Union were up 18 percent ($19.8 billion), from $107.7
billion in 1992 to $127.5 billion in 1996.
Sources: U.S. Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
ALABAMA STATE EXPORTS
ALABAMA GOODS
ALABAMA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
5
60
4.2
50
52
4
40
43.8
3
3
Billions
Thousands
30
2
20
1
10
o
O
1992
1996
1992
1996
Alabama recorded goods exports totaling $4.2 billion in 1996, up 42 percent ($1.3 billion) from 1993. During
1996, Alabama was the 29th largest state exporter of goods in the United States.
Over 52,000 Alabama jobs were supported by goods exports during 1996. Alabama's jobs supported by goods
exports grew an estimated 19 percent (8,199 jobs) since 1992. Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher
than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Alabama's exports accounted for 19.1 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 15.6 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Alabama's exports of manufactured products were up by 66 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $2.3 billion in
1993 to $3.9 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Alabama's exports were: Electronic and Electric Equipment
($852.3 million of exports in 1996), Transportation Equipment ($579.7 million), Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($488.4 million), Paper Products ($460.7 million), and Chemical Products ($356.8 million). These
five sectors accounted for 65 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Alabama's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Transportation Equipment
$250.2
$579.7
132%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
419.1
852.3
103
Paper Products
270.7
460.7
70
Industrial Machinery and Computers
383 5
488.4
27
Alabama is the country's 29th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $503 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The two largest export categories, poultry and cotton and linters, accounted for 75 percent of
Alabama's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Alabama to NAFTA countries increased by 91 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $910.8 million in 1993 to $1.7 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Alabama's largest export
market, while Mexico was Alabama's third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 98 percent
($689 million) from $705.9 million in 1993 to $1.4 billion in 1996. Alabama's exports to Mexico were up by 69
percent ($141 million), from $204.8 million in 1993 to $345.7 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Alabama's second largest export market. Total exports from Alabama to Japan were up
16 percent ($54.2 million), from $346.4 million in 1993 to $400.6 million in 1996.
Total exports from Alabama to the European Union were up 32 percent ($211.4 million), from $657.3 million in
1993 to $868.7 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
ALASKA STATE EXPORTS
ALASKA GOODS
ALASKA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
20
1200
1186.1
17 4
1000
15
8999
800
Millions
Thousands
10
11
600
400
5
200
0
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
Alaska recorded goods exports totaling $899.9 million in 1996, down 24 percent ($286.2 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Alaska was the 44th largest state exporter of goods in the U.S.
Over 11,000 Alaskan jobs were supported by exports during 1996. Alaska's jobs supported by goods exports
declined an estimated 37 percent (6,367 jobs) since 1992. Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than
the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Alaska's exports accounted for 49.7 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 49.3 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Alaska's exports of manufactured products were down by 11 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $415.8
million in 1993 to $371.8 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Alaska's exports were: Paper Products ($85.0 million of
exports in 1996), Petroleum and Coal Products ($63.3 million), Food Products ($49.5 million), Lumber and
Wood Products ($48.4 million), and Transportation Equipment ($32.7 million). These five sectors accounted
for 31 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Alaska's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Electronic and Electric Equipment
$7.0
$20.8
195%
Food Products
20.3
49.5
144
Industrial Machinery and Computers
16.8
30.6
81
Petroleum and Coal Products
35.4
63.3
79
Alaska is the country's smallest agricultural exporting state, shipping approximately $400 thousand in
agricultural exports abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from Alaska to NAFTA countries increased by 84 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $107.2 million in 1993 to $196.7 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Alaska's second largest
export market, while Mexico was Alaska's 20th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 83
percent ($88.6 million), from $106.5 million in 1993 to $195.1 million in 1996. Alaska's exports to Mexico
were up by 117 percent ($875 thousand), from $0.7 million in 1993 to $1.6 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Alaska's largest export market. Total exports from Alaska to Japan were, however,
down 40 percent ($194 million), to $287.8 million in 1996.
Total exports from Alaska to the European Union were up 44 percent ($42.4 million), from $95.6 million in
1993 to $138.0 million in 1996.
Sources: USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dept.
ARIZONA STATE EXPORTS
ARIZONA GOODS
ARIZONA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
140
12
120
128.6
10
10.5
100
8
6
15.4
Thousands
60
79.8
Billions
60
4
40
2
20
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Arizona recorded goods exports totaling $10.5 billion in 1996, up 93 percent ($5.0 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Arizona was the 18th largest state exporter of goods in the United States.
Arizona's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 61 percent (48,720 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available. Arizona's exports accounted for 23.0 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 20.8 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Arizona's exports of manufactured products were up by 72 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $5.8 billion
in 1993 to $10.1 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Arizona's exports were: Electronic and Electric Equipment
($5.6 billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($1.2 billion), Transportation Equipment
($1.0 billion), Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($584.8 million), and Primary Metals ($468.7 million). These
five sectors accounted for 85 percent of the state"s total exports in 1996.
Among Arizona's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Electronic and Electric Equipment
$2,940.7
$5,612.2
91%
Transportation Equipment
620.5
1,041.9
68
Primary Metals
283.2
468.7
66
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
394.6
5848
48
Arizona is the country's 32nd largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $426 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The two largest export categories, cotton and linters and vegetables, accounted for over
half of Arizona's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Arizona to NAFTA countries increased by 52 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $1.8 billion in 1993 to $2.8 billion in 1996). During 1996, Mexico was Arizona's largest export
market, while Canada was Arizona's third largest export market. Exports to Mexico were up by 49 percent
($555 million), from $1.1 billion in 1993 to $1.7 billion in 1996. Arizona's exports to Canada were up by 57
percent (S401 million), from $699.9 million in 1993 to $1.1 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Arizona's second largest export market. Total exports from Arizona to Japan were up
104 percent ($719 million), from $692 million in 1993 to $1.4 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Arizona to the European Union increased 54 percent ($891 million), from $1.7 billion in
1993 to $2.5 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research. US Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept
ARKANSAS STATE EXPORTS
ARKANSAS GOODS
ARKANSAS JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
25
30
22
25
27.3
2
20
5
Billions
1
Thousands
17.8
15
1.2
10
05
5
0
0
1992
1992
1996
1996
Arkansas recorded goods exports totaling over $2.2 billion in 1996, up 84 percent ($1.0 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Arkansas was the 36th largest state exporter of goods in the United States.
Arkansas' jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 54 percent (9,513 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available. Arkansas' exports accounted for 16.0 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 14.7 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Arkansas' exports of manufactured products were up by 82 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $1.2 billion
in 1993 to $2.1 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Arkansas' exports were: Food Products ($952.3 million of
exports in 1996), Chemical Products ($237.1 million), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($176.6), Industrial
Machinery and Computers ($174.1 million), and Transportation Equipment ($150.6 million). These five
sectors accounted for 76 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Arkansas' fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Food Products
$320.8
$952.3
197%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
111.9
176.6
58
Chemical Products
190.4
237.1
25
Industrial Machinery and Computers
1423
174.1
22
Arkansas is the country's 11th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.7 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 3% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The four largest export categories, Rice, Poultry, Soybeans, and
Cotton and Linters, accounted for over 80 percent of Arkansas' agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Arkansas to NAFTA countries increased by 35 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $582.9 million in 1993 to $784.6 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Arkansas' largest
export market, while Mexico was Arkansas' fifth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 33
percent ($165 million), from $507.2 million in 1993 to $672.2 million in 1996. Arkansas' exports to Mexico
were up by 49 percent ($37 million), from $75.7 million in 1993 to $112.4 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Arkansas' third largest export market. Total exports from Arkansas to Japan were up
14 percent (S15 million), from $114.7 million in 1993 to $130.2 million in 1996.
Total exports from Arkansas to the European Union were up 48 percent ($91.5 million), from $190.9 million
in 1993 to $282.4 million in 1996.
Sources CSTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept.
CALIFORNIA STATE EXPORTS
CALIFORNIA GOODS
CALIFORNIA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
120
1.3
100
105.6
1.1
1
80
73
Billions
60
Millions
08
0 6
40
04
02
20
O
O
1392
1996
1992
1998
California is the country's largest exporting state, recording goods exports totaling $105.6 billion in 1996, up
45 percent ($32.6 billion) from 1992.
Nearly 1.3 million California jobs were supported by goods exports during 1996. California's jobs supported
by goods exports grew an estimated 21 percent (224,405 jobs) since 1992. Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16
percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, California's exports accounted for 21.3 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 20.5 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
California's exports of manufactured products were up by 48 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $67.1
billion in 1993 to $99.4 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of California's exports were: Electronic and Electric
Equipment ($28.6 billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($27.3 billion),
Transportation Equipment ($12.0 billion), Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($8.0 billion), and Food
Products ($5.6 billion). These five sectors accounted for over 77 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among California's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Electronic and Electric Equipment
$16.2
$28.6
76%
Industrial Machinery and Computers
17.0
27.3
60
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
5.1
8.0
56
Chemical Products
2.5
35
40
California is the country's largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $7.3 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 12% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, vegetables, fruit, and tree nuts,
accounted for over 63 percent of California's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from California to NAFTA countries increased by 52 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $13.3 billion in 1993 to $20.2 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was California's second
largest export market, while Mexico was California's third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up
by 49 percent ($3.7 billion). from $7.6 billion in 1993 to $11.3 billion in 1996. California's exports to Mexico
were up by 55 percent ($3.2 billion), from $5.7 billion in 1993 to $8.9 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was California's largest export market. Total exports from California to Japan were up 72
percent ($8.6 billion), from $11.9 billion in 1993 to $20.5 billion in 1996.
Total exports from California to the European Union were up 27 percent ($4.2 billion), from $15.8 billion in
1993 to $20.0 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept and the U S. Agriculture Dept.
COLORADO STATE EXPORTS
COLORADO GOODS
COLORADO JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
12
140
131.9
10 7
120
10
100
8
96 7
"
Billions
6
6.6
Thousands
80
60
4
40
20
2
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Colorado recorded goods exports totaling $10.7 billion in 1996, up 63 percent ($4.2 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Colorado was the 17th largest state exporter of goods.
Colorado's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 37 percent (35,287 jobs) since 1993. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Colorado's exports accounted for 16.9 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 18.2 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Colorado's exports of manufactured products were up by 61 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $6.5 billion in
1993 to $10.5 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Colorado's exports were: Industrial Machinery and Computers
($6.0 billion of exports in 1996), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($2.1 billion), Scientific and Measuring
Instruments ($742.0 million), Food Products ($636.6 million), and Metal Products ($195.7 million). These five
sectors accounted for 90 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Colorado's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
-1996
Change %
Fabricated Metal Products
$71.6
$195.7
173%
Food Products
290.8
6366
119
Electronic and Electric Equipment
1,257 8
2,1129
68
Industrial Machinery and Computers
3.661.0
5,975.4
63
Colorado is the country's 20th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.1 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 1.8% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, Live Animals and Meat (excluding
poultry), Wheat, Feed Grains and Hides & Skins, accounted for 79 percent of Colorado's agricultural exports in
FY 1996.
Total exports from Colorado to NAFTA countries increased by 21 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $1.4 billion in 1993 to $1.7 billion in 1996). During 1996, Mexico was Colorado's second largest export
market, while Canada was Colorado's fifth largest export market. Exports to Mexico were up by 57 percent
($369 million), from $646.9 million in 1993 to $1.0 billion in 1996. Colorado's exports to Canada were down by
10 percent (S74 million), to $680.9 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Colorado's largest export market. Total exports from Colorado to Japan were up nearly
54 percent ($573 million), from $1.1 billion in 1993 to $1.6 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Colorado to the European Union were up 64 percent ($1.5 billion), from $2.4 billion in 1993
to $3.9 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept., and the US Agriculture Dept.
CONNECTICUT STATE EXPORTS
CONNECTICUT GOODS
CONNECTICUT JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
16
200
14
14.2
169.1
1741
12
150
11.5
10
Billions
8
Thousands
100
6
so
4
2
o
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
Connecticut recorded goods exports totaling $14.2 billion in 1996, up 23 percent ($2.7 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Connecticut was the 13th largest state exporter of goods.
Connecticut's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 3 percent (4,968 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Connecticut's exports accounted for 25.9 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 24.2 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Connecticut's exports of manufactured products were up by 24 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $8.7
billion in 1993 to $10.7 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Connecticut's exports were: Chemical Products ($3.1
billion of exports in 1996), Transportation Equipment ($2.0 billion), Industrial Machinery and Computers
($920.1 million), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($817.5 million), and Paper Products ($695.1 million).
These five sectors accounted for over half of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Connecticut fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Food Products
$234.6
$444.2
89%
Petroleum and Coal Products
387.2
586.4
51
Chemical Products
2,245.9
3,147.6
40
Paper Products
506.1
695.1
37
Connecticut is the country's 42nd largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $43 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from Connecticut to NAFTA countries increased by 18 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $2.0 billion in 1993 to $2.4 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Connecticut's largest
export market, while Mexico was Connecticut's sixth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 10
percent ($174 million) from $1.7 billion in 1993 to $1.8 billion in 1996. Connecticut's exports to Mexico
were up by 54 percent ($197 million), from $363.6 million in 1993 to $560.9 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Connecticut's second largest export market. Total exports from Connecticut to Japan
were up 30 percent ($281 million), from 950.8 million in 1993 to $1.2 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Connecticut to the European Union were up 28 percent ($795 million), from $2.8 billion in
1993 to $3.6 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusens Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept
DELAWARE STATE EXPORTS
DELAWARE GOODS
DELAWARE JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
60
5
59.9
59.2
4 8
so
4
4.1
40
3
Billions
Thousands
30
2
20
1
10
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Delaware recorded goods exports totaling $4.8 billion in 1996, up 18 percent ($745 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Delaware was the 28th largest state exporter of goods.
Delaware's jobs supported by goods exports declined an estimated 1 percent (676 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available. Delaware's exports accounted for 17.1 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 19.9 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Delaware's exports of manufactured products were up by 33 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $3.6
billion in 1993 to $4.7 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Delaware's exports were: Chemical Products ($3.4 billion
of exports in 1996), Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics ($407.7 million). Scientific and Measuring Instruments
($307.1 million), Textile Mill Products ($133.6 million), and Industrial Machinery and Computers ($80.6
million). These five sectors accounted for 90 percent of the state's total exports in 1996. The Chemical
Products sector alone accounted for over 70 percent of Delaware's total exports.
Among Delaware's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Stone. Clay, and Glass Products
$21.8
$49.5
127%
Paper Products
26.0
58.6
126
Primary Metals
21.3
44.5
109
Chemical Products
2.431.8
3.413.4
40
Delaware is the country's 38th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $120 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. Delaware's largest agriculture export category, poultry, accounted for 77 percent
of Delaware's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Delaware to NAFTA countries increased by 25 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $849.7 million in 1993 to $1.1 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Delaware's largest
export market, while Mexico was Delaware's fourth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 14
percent (S93 million), from $670.2 million in 1993 to $763.2 million in 1996. Delaware's exports to Mexico
were up by 66 percent ($118 million), from $179.5 million in 1993 to $297.1 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Delaware's third largest export market. Total exports from Delaware to Japan were
up 33 percent ($112 million), from $345.8 million in 1993 to $458.3 million in 1996.
Total exports from Delaware to the European Union were up 47 percent ($488 million), from 1.0 billion in
1993 to $1.5 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on dara from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research. U.S. Commerce Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept
FLORIDA STATE EXPORTS
FLORIDA GOODS
FLORIDA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
25
300
21.8
250
267.3
20
2441
200
16.6
15
Billions
10
Thousands
150
100
5
50
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Florida is the country's eighth largest exporting state, recording goods exports totaling $21.8 billion in 1996,
up 31 percent ($5.1 billion) from 1992.
Florida's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 10 percent (23,165 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Florida's exports accounted for 20.0 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 17.9 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Florida's exports of manufactured products were up by 35 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $15.2 billion
in 1993 to $20.5 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Florida's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($5.3 billion of exports in 1996). Electronic and Electric Equipment ($3.6 billion), Transportation
Equipment ($2.6 billion), Chemical Products ($2.1 billion), and Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($1.6
billion). These five sectors accounted for nearly 70 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Florida's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Industrial Machinery and Computers
$3.2
$5.3
64%
Chemical Products
1.4
2.1
53
Electronic and Electric Equipment
2.4
3.6
49
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
1.2
1.6
37
Florida is the country's 17th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.2 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 2% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export category, fruit, accounted for over half of
Florida's agricultural exports during FY 1996.
Total exports from Florida to NAFTA countries decreased by 7 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $2.8 billion in 1993 to $2.6 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Florida's second largest export
market, while Mexico was Florida's fifth largest export market. Exports to Canada were down by 8 percent
($145.8 million). to $1.8 billion in 1996. Florida's exports to Mexico were down by 4 percent ($38.9 million).
to $872.4 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Florida's 10th largest export market. Total exports from Florida to Japan were up 59
percent ($213 million), from $363.2 million in 1993 to $576.6 million in 1996.
Total exports from Florida to the European Union were up 48 percent ($1.0 million), from $2.1 billion in 1993
to $3.2 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept and the U.S. Agriculture Dept
GEORGIA STATE EXPORTS
GEORGIA GOODS
GEORGIA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
10
120
114.7
93
100
8
97.8
80
6.7
6
Billions
Thousands
60
4
40
2
20
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Georgia recorded goods exports totaling $9.3 billion in 1996, up 40 percent ($2.7 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Georgia was the 20th largest state exporter of goods.
Georgia's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 17 percent (16,885) since 1992. Export-related
jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Georgia's exports accounted for 15.7 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 14.8 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Georgia's exports of manufactured products were up by 45 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $6.1 billion
in 1993 to $8.8 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Georgia's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($1.4 billion of exports in 1996), Paper Products ($980.3 million), Electronic and Electric
Equipment ($909.7 million), Food Products ($896.0 million), and Chemical Products ($876.9 million). These
five sectors accounted for 54 percent of the state's $ total exports in 1996.
Among Georgia's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Food Products
$344.9
$896.0
160%
Paper Products
5179
980.3
89
Chemical Products
500.9
8769
75
Industrial Machinery and Computers
870.8
1,384.0
59
Georgia is the country's 16th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.3 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 2% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, poultry, cotton and linters, and
peanuts, accounted for 64 percent of Georgia's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Georgia to NAFTA countries increased by 33 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $2.0 billion in 1993 to $2.7 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Georgia's largest export
market, while Mexico was Georgia's third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 26 percent
($425 million), from $1.7 billion in 1993 to $2.1 billion in 1996. Georgia's exports to Mexico were up by 64
percent ($232 million), from $360.5 million in 1993 to $592.0 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Georgia's second largest export market. Total exports from Georgia to Japan were up
34 percent ($149 million), from $446.1 million in 1993 to $595.4 million in 1996.
Total exports from Georgia to the European Union were up 34 percent ($489 million), from $1.4 billion in
1993 to $1.9 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dept.
HAWAII STATE EXPORTS
HAWAII GOODS
HAWAII JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
350
4
3.8
300
313
35-
250
Thousands
25
Millions
200
2
2.1
150
15
141.8
100
1
05
50
0
O
1992
1996
1992
1996
Hawaii-recorded goods exports totaling $313.0 million in 1996, up 121 percent ($171.2 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Hawaii was the second smallest state exporter of goods.
Hawaii's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 85 percent (1,761 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Hawaii's exports accounted for 16.3 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 14.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Hawaii's exports of manufactured products were up by 45 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from 181.6 million
in 1993 to $262.7 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Hawaii's exports were: Petroleum and Coal Products ($71.8
million of exports in 1996), Food Products ($38.5 million), Transportation Equipment ($23.9 million),
Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($18.2 million), and Chemical Products ($16.1 million). These five
sectors accounted for 54 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Hawaii fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Chemical Products
$40
$16.1
302%
Petroleum and Coal Products
19.0
71.8
279
Electronic and Electric Equipment
7.0
15.7
125
Scientific and Measuring Industries
8.7
18.2
109
Hawaii is the country's 39th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $113 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The largest export category, fruits, accounted for over half of Hawaii's agricultural
exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Hawaii to NAFTA countries increased by 306 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $19.1 million in 1993 to $77.5 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Hawaii's second
largest export market, while Mexico was Hawaii's 19th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by
311 percent ($58 million), from $18.7 million in 1993 to $76.7 million in 1996. Hawaii's exports to Mexico
were up by 95 percent ($386 thousand), from $408 thousand in 1993 to $794 thousand in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Hawaii's largest export market. Total exports from Hawaii to Japan were up 67
percent ($67 million), from $99.8 million in 1993 to $166.5 million in 1996.
Total exports from Hawaii to the European Union were up 12 percent ($1.1 million), from $8.5 million in
1993 to $9.5 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
IDAHO STATE EXPORTS
IDAHO GOODS
IDAHO JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
2
25
1.7
20
20.5
15
18.1
1
Thousands
15
Billions
1.2
10
05
5
0
o
1992
1992
1996
1996
Idaho recorded goods exports totaling $1.7 billion in 1996, up 35 percent ($436 million) from 1992. During
1996, Idaho was the 38th largest state exporter of goods.
Idaho's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 13 percent (2,388 jobs) since 1992. Export-related
jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Idaho's exports accounted for 28.8 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 22.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Idaho's exports of manufactured products were up by 30 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $1.2 billion in
1993 to $1.6 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Idaho's exports were: Industrial Machinery and Computers
($647.8 million of exports in 1996), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($445.8 million). Food Products
($234.9 million), Chemical Products ($59.4 million) and Lumber and Wood Products ($50.4 million). These
five sectors accounted for over 85 percent of the'state's total exports in 1996.
Among Idaho's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Food Products
$136.3
$234.9
72%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
345.5
445.8
29
Industrial Machinery and Computers
527.0
647.8
23
Chemical Products
50.8
59.4
17
Idaho is the country's 22nd largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $901 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, vegetables and wheat, accounted for 61 percent of Idaho's
agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Idaho to NAFTA countries increased by 46 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $227.7 million in 1993 to $331.6 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Idaho's second largest
export market, while Mexico was Idaho's 10th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 56
percent ($105 million), from $185.4 million in 1993 to $290.1 million in 1996. Idaho's exports to Mexico
were down by 2 percent ($732 million), to $41.6 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Idaho's largest export market. Total exports from Idaho to Japan were up 8 percent
($25 million), from $293.7 million in 1993 to $318.4 million in 1996.
Total exports from Idaho to the European Union were up 3 percent ($11 million), from $388.0 million in 1993
to $399.1 million in 1996.
USTR
Institute
of
Social
and
Economic
Research
US
Dept
and
the
ILLINOIS STATE EXPORTS
ILLINOIS GOODS
ILLINOIS JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
35
500
34.7
30
400
425.5
25
20
21.1
15
Thousands
300
309 2
Billions
200
10
100
5
0
0
1992
1998
1992
1996
Illinois recorded goods exports totaling $34.7 billion in 1996, up 65 percent ($13.6 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Illinois was the fifth largest state exporter of goods.
Illinois' jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 38 percent (116,217 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 1.3 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Illinois exports accounted for 18.0 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 18.6 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Illinois' exports of manufactured products were up by 53 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $20.3 billion
in 1993 to $31.0 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Illinois' exports were: Industrial Machinery and Computers
($8.9 billion of exports in 1996), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($6.9 billion), Chemical Products ($4.5
billion), Transportation Equipment ($2.5 billion), and Food Products ($1.7 billion). These five sectors
accounted for 70 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Illinois' fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Electronic and Electric Equipment
$4.0
$6.9
72%
Transportation Equipment
1.7
2.5
50
Industrial Machinery and Computers
6.0
8.9
49
Chemical Products
3.1
4.5
44
;
Illinois is the country's third largest agricultural exporting state, shipping nearly $4 billion in agricultural
exports abroad or 6.7% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, feed grains and soybeans,
accounted for over 75 percent of Illinois' agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Illinois to NAFTA countries increased by 36 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $6.9 billion in 1993 to $9.4 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Illinois' largest export market.
while Mexico was Illinois' third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 37 percent ($2.0
billion) from $5.3 billion in 1993 to $7.3 billion in 1996. Illinois' exports to Mexico were up by 34 percent
($516 million), from $1.5 billion in 1993 to $2.0 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Illinois' second largest export market. Total exports from Illinois to Japan were up 57
percent (S1.1 billion), from $2.0 billion in 1993 to S3.1 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Illinois to the European Union were up 62 percent ($3.3 billion), from $5.3 billion in 1993
to $8.6 billion in 1996.
Sources LSTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept., and the US Agriculture Dept.
INDIANA STATE EXPORTS
INDIANA GOODS
INDIANA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
14
160
1596
13
12
140
120
1231
10
Billions
8
8.4
Thousands
100
80
6
60
4
40
2
20
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Indiana recorded goods exports totaling $13.0 billion in 1996, up 55 percent ($4.6 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Indiana was the 14th largest state exporter of goods.
Indiana's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 30 percent (36,451 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Indiana's exports accounted for 18.1 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 17.8 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Indiana's exports of manufactured products were up by 30 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $9.8 billion
in 1993 to $12.8 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Indiana's exports were: Electronic and Electric Equipment
($2.7 billion of exports in 1996), Transportation Equipment ($2.7 billion), Chemical Products ($2.1 billion),
Industrial Machinery and Computers ($2.0 billion), and Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($0.9 billion).
These five sectors accounted for 80 percent of theistate's total exports in 1996.
Among Indiana's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Primary Metal Industries
$0.3
$0.5
102%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
1.7
2.7
64
Chemical Products
1.3
2.1
64
Industrial Machinery and Computers
1.4
2.0
43
Indiana is the country's eighth largest agricultural exporting state, shipping over $2 billion in agricultural
exports abroad or 3.4 percent of the U.S. total in FY 1996. Indiana's largest agriculture export categories, feed
grains and soybeans, accounted for over 75 percent of Indiana's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Indiana to NAFTA countries increased by 13 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $6.8 billion in 1993 to $7.7 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Indiana's largest export
market, while Mexico was Indiana's second largest export market. Exports to Canada were down by 10
percent ($555 million), to $5.0 billion in 1996. Indiana's exports to Mexico were up by 117 percent ($1.5
billion), from $1.2 billion in 1993 to $2.7 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Indiana's third largest export market. Total exports from Indiana to Japan were up 53
percent ($270 million), from $509.1 million in 1993 to $778.8 million in 1996.
Total exports from Indiana to the European Union were up 60 percent ($858 million), from 1.4 billion in 1993
to $2.3 billion in 1996.
Sources STR due from Missachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research Commerce Dept and the US
IOWA STATE EXPORTS
IOWA GOODS
IOWA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
3
13
40
35
36 6
25
10
2
1.7
15
Thousands
25
25.3
Billions
20
15
1
10
05
5
0
0
1992
1996
1996
1992
Iowa recorded goods exports totaling $3.0 billion in 1996; up 73 percent ($1.3 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Iowa was the 32nd largest state exporter of goods.
lowa's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 45 percent (11,286 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Iowa's exports accounted for 14.6 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 14.9 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Iowa's exports of manufactured products were up by 37 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $2.0 billion in
1993 to $2.8 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Iowa's exports were: Industrial Machinery and Computers
($787.0 million of exports in 1996). Food Products ($330.9 million), Electronic and Electric Equipment
($312.4 million), Transportation Equipment ($252.6 million), and Scientific and Measuring Instruments
($228.7 million). These five sectors accounted for over 64 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Iowa's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Industrial Machinery and Computers
$463.4
$787.0
70%
Food Products
219.6
330.9
51
Chemical Products
114.3
1674
46
Scientific and Measuring Equipment
161.4
228.7
42
Iowa is the country's second largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $4.7 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 7.8% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, feed grains and soybean,
accounted for 75 percent of Iowa's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Iowa to NAFTA countries increased by 35 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $1.2 billion in 1993 to $1.6 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was lowa's largest export market,
while Mexico was lowa's third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 33 percent ($353
million) from $1.1 billion in 1993 to $1.4 billion in 1996. lowa's exports to Mexico were up by 61 percent
($52 million). from S84.8 million in 1993 to $136.7 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Iowa's second largest export market. Total exports from Iowa to Japan were up 82
percent ($74 million). from $91.0 million in 1993 to $165.4 million in 1996.
Total exports from Iowa to the European Union were up 30 percent ($125 million), from $411.7 million in
1993 to $536.8 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research. US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dear
KANSAS STATE EXPORTS
KANSAS GOODS
KANSAS JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
6
TO
53
60
65 2
5
50
4
49 3
Billions
3.4
3
Thousands
40
30
2
20
1
10
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Kansas recorded goods exports totaling $5.3 billion in 1996, up 58 percent ($2.0 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Kansas was the 25th largest state exporter of goods.
Kansas' jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 32 percent (15,921 jobs) since 1992. Export:
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Kansas exports accounted for 14.3 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 15.7 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Kansas' exports of manufactured products were up by 47 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $2.4 billion in
1993 to $3.5 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Kansas' exports were: Transportation Equipment ($1.0
billion of exports in 1996), Food Products ($933.0 million), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($433.2
million), Chemical Products ($269.2 million), and Petroleum Products ($212.7 million). These five sectors
accounted for 54 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Kansas' fastest growing manufactured exports (in mixions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Chemical Products
$121.1
$269.2
122%
Transportation Equipment
661.7
1,001.5
51
Industrial Machinery and Computers
301.8
433.2
44
Food Products
682.7
933.0
37
Kansas is the country's sixth largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $3.1 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 5% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, wheat, live animals and meat
(excluding poultry) and feed grains, accounted for 74 percent of Kansas' agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Kansas to NAFTA countries increased by 96 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $776.4 million in 1993 to $1.5 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Kansas' second largest
export market, while Mexico was Kansas' third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 40
percent ($232 million). from $580.0 million in 1993 to $812.0 million in 1996. Kansas' exports to Mexico
were up by 262 percent ($514 million), from $196.5 million in 1993 to $711.0 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Kansas' largest export market. Total exports from Kansas to Japan were up 58
percent ($401.0 million), from $696.2 million to $1.1 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Kansas to the European Union were up 41 percent ($194 million), from $475.4 million in
1993 to $669.4 million in 1996.
KENTUCKY STATE EXPORTS
KENTUCKY GOODS
KENTUCKY JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
7
80
6.4
78 3
6
70
80
5
62
4
4 3
Billions
Thousands
50
40
3
30
2
20
1
10
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Kentucky recorded goods exports totaling $6.4 billion in 1996, up 50 percent ($2.1 billion) from 1992. During
1996. Kentucky was the 24th largest state exporter of goods.
Kentucky's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 26 percent (15,908 jobs) since 1993. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Kentucky exports accounted for 17.4 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 16.6 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Kentucky's exports of manufactured products were up by 77 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $3.5
billion in 1993 to $6.1 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Kentucky's exports were: Transportation Equipment ($1.4
billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($1.0 billion), Tobacco Manufactures ($874.9
million), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($576.2 million), and Chemical Products ($346.3 million). These
five sectors accounted for 66 percent of the state"s total exports in 1996.
Among Kentucky's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Industrial Machinery and Computers
$371.9
$1,016.4
173%
Transportation Equipment
685.9
1,427.6
108
Chemical Products
73.7
136.0
84
Food Products
203.1
326.8
61
Kentucky is the country's 2 1st largest agricultural exporting state, shipping over $1.0 billion in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, tobacco, and live animals and meat (excluding
poultry), accounted for nearly half of Kentucky's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Kentucky to NAFTA countries increased by 67 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $1.5 billion in 1993 to $2.6 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Kentucky's largest export
market, while Mexico was Kentucky's fourth largest export market. Exports to Canada are up by 71
percent ($0.9 billion) from $1.3 billion in 1993 to $2.3 billion in 1996. Kentucky's exports to Mexico were up
by 41 percent ($83 million). from $204.3 million in 1993 to $287.2 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Kentucky's second largest export market. Total exports from Kentucky to Japan were
up 49 percent ($381 million), from $784.7 million in 1993 to $1.2 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Kentucky to the European Union were up 82 percent ($528 million), from $640.7 million
in 1993 to $1.2 billion in 1996.
LOUISIANA STATE EXPORTS
LOUISIANA GOODS
LOUISIANA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
5
15
70
60
61.4
4
so
54 3
3.7
3
40
Billions
2
Thousands
30
20
1
10
0
O
1992
1996
1992
1996
Louisiana recorded goods exports totaling $5.0 billion in 1996, up 35 percent ($1.3 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Louisiana was the 27th largest state exporter of goods.
Louisiana's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 13 percent (7,087 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Louisiana's exports accounted for 19.2 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 17.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Louisiana's exports of manufactured products were up by 20 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $2.4
billion in 1993 to $2.9 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Louisiana's exports were: Chemical Products ($863.7
million of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($526.7 million), Food Products ($366.2
million), Petroleum and Coal Products ($184.6) and Paper Products ($147.5 million). These five sectors
accounted for 42 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Louisiana's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Petroleum and Coal Products
$75.1
$184.6
146%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
107.6
138.3
29
Industrial Machinery and Computers
425.5
526.7
24
Chemical Products
711.5
863.7
21
Louisiana is the country's 25th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $689 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, cotton and linters, and rice, accounted for 56
percent of Louisiana' agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Louisiana to NAFTA countries increased by 45 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $516.9 million in 1993 to $751.0 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Louisiana's second
largest export market, while Mexico was Louisiana's sixth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up
by 28 percent ($127 million), from $450.0 million in 1993 to $577.4 million in 1996. Louisiana's exports to
Mexico were up by 160 percent ($107 million), from $66.9 million in 1993 to $173.6 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Louisiana largest export market. Total exports from Louisiana to Japan were up 42
percent ($331 million), from $784.3 million in 1993 to $1.1 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Louisiana to the European Union were up 52 percent ($348 million), from $669.6 million
in 1993 to $1.0 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
MAINE STATE EXPORTS
MAINE GOODS
MAINE JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
14
1.4
20
12
16
1.1
15
15
1
Billions
08
08
Thousands
10
04
5
02
0
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
Maine recorded goods exports totaling $1.4 billion in 1996, up 28 percent ($295 million) from 1992. During
1996, Maine was the 39th largest state exporter of goods.
Maine's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 7 percent (1,066 jobs) since 1992. Export-related
jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Maine exports accounted for 20.9 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 18.1 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Maine's exports of manufactured products were up by 15 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from 996.7 million
in 1993 to $1.1 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Maine's exports were: Paper Products ($278.8 million of
exports in 1996). Electronic and Electric Equipment ($266.5 million), Lumber and Wood Products ($124.2
million), Leather Products (S81.2 million), and Industrial Machinery and Computers ($81.0 million). These
five sectors accounted for 61 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Maine's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
$14.4
$38.2
165%
Transportation Equipment
34.5
70.9
106
Paper Products
160.2
278.8
74
Industrial Machinery and Computers
63.7
81.0
27
Maine is the country's 43rd largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $36 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from Maine to NAFTA countries increased by 29 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $431.9 million in 1993 to $557.1 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Maine's largest export
market, while Mexico was Maine's 16th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 35 percent
($141 million), from $402.4 million in 1993 to $543.9 million in 1996. Maine's exports to Mexico were down
by 55 percent ($16 million), to $13.2 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Maine's second largest export market. Total exports from Maine to Japan were up 46
percent ($32 million), from $70.4 million in 1993 to $102.5 million in 1996.
Total exports from Maine to the European Union were up 13 percent (S24 million), from 193.8 million in 1993
to $218.2 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research. US Commerce Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept.
MARYLAND STATE EXPORTS
MARYLAND GOODS
MARYLAND JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
4
50
3.8
3.5
48 9
44 2
40
3
3
25
Billions
2
Thousands
30
20
1.5
1
10
05
o
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
Maryland recorded goods exports totaling $3.8 billion in 1996, up 27 percent ($0.8 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Maryland was the 30th largest state exporter of goods.
Maryland's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 6 percent (2,704 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Maryland's exports accounted for 16.7 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 15.6 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Maryland's exports of manufactured products were up by 29 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $2.6
billion in 1993 to $3.3 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Maryland's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($671.3 million of exports in 1996), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($511.9 million), Chemical
Products ($421.0 million), Transportation Equipment ($308.1 million), and Scientific and Measuring
Instruments ($275.6 million). These five sectors accounted for 57 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Maryland's fastest growing manufactured exports (in,millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Printing and Publishing
$80.6
$147.5
83%
Food Products
138.3
214.5
55
Electronic and Electric Equipment
347.4
511.9
47
Industrial Machinery and Computers
510 2
671.3
32
Maryland is the country's 35th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $247 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, poultry, feed grains and soybeans, accounted for
80 percent of Maryland's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Maryland to NAFTA countries decreased by 4 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $820.4 million in 1993 to $791.1 million in 1996). During 1996. Canada was Maryland's largest export
market, while Mexico was Maryland's fourth largest export market. Exports to Canada were down by 15 percent
($108 million). to $610.1 million in 1996. Maryland's exports to Mexico were up by 78 percent ($79 million),
from $101.8 million in 1993 to $180.9 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Maryland's fifth largest export market. Total exports from Maryland to Japan were
up 7 percent ($11 million), from $167.3 million in 1993 to $178.7 million in 1996.
Total exports from Maryland to the European Union were up 30 percent ($267 million), from $890.0 million
in 1993 to $1.2 billion in 1996.
Sources: USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept
MASSACHUSETTS STATE EXPORTS
MASSACHUSETTS GOODS
MASSACHUSETTS JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
20
250
16.5
200
202.3
15
187.7
12.8
Billions
10
Thousands
150
100
5
50
0
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
Massachusetts recorded goods exports totaling $16.5 billion in 1996, up 29 percent ($3.7 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Massachusetts was the 11th largest state exporter of goods.
Over 200 thousand Massachusetts' jobs were supported by goods exports during 1996. Massachusetts' jobs
supported by goods'exports grew an estimated 8 percent (14,538 jobs) since 1992. Export-related jobs pay 13
to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Massachusetts' exports accounted for 23.4 percent of its manufacturing
output and represented 22.7 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Massachusetts' exports of manufactured products were up by 32 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $12.1
billion in 1993 to $15.9 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Massachusetts' exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($4.9 billion of exports in 1996), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($3.4 billion), Scientific and
Measuring Instruments ($2.6 billion), Chemical Products ($1.1 billion), and Fabricated Metal Products ($0.6
billion). These five sectors accounted for over 75 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Massachusetts' fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Chemical Products
$0 6
$1.1
83%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
2.2
3.4
51
Scientific and Measuring Equipment
2.0
2.6
35
Industrial Machinery and Computers
3.9
4.9
26
Massachusetts is the country's 45th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $29 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from Massachusetts to NAFTA countries increased by 24 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA)
and 1996 (from $3.4 billion in 1993 to S4.2 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Massachusetts' largest
export market, while Mexico was Massachusetts' 12th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by
26 percent (S782 million), from $3.0 billion in 1993 to $3.8 billion in 1996. Massachusetts' exports to Mexico
were up by 5 percent ($20 million), from $393 million in 1993 to $414 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Massachusetts' second largest export market. Total exports from Massachusetts to
Japan were up 60 percent (S654 million), from $1.1 billion in 1993 to $1.8 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Massachusetts to the European Union were up 24 percent ($1.1 billion), from $4.6 billion
in 1993 to $5.7 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept and the U.S. Agriculture Dept
MICHIGAN STATE EXPORTS
MICHIGAN GOODS
MICHIGAN JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
50
600
42
500
515.8
40
400
30
Billions
20
Thousands
367.9
300
25.1
200
10
100
0
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
Michigan recorded goods exports totaling $42.0 billion in 1996, up 68 percent ($17.0 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Michigan was the fourth largest state exporter of goods.
Michigan's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 40 percent (147,883 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Michigan's exports accounted for 19.1 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 20.4 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Michigan's exports of manufactured products were up by 41 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $29.3
billion in 1993 to $41.3 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Michigan's exports were: Transportation Equipment ($26.4
billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($4.6 billion), Electronic and Electric
Equipment ($1.9 billion), Chemical Products ($1.8 billion), and Fabricated Metal Products ($1.4 billion).
These five sectors accounted for 86 percent of the state's total exports in 1996. The transportation sector alone
accounted for nearly 63 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Michigan's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Chemical Products
$1.0
$1.8
71%
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
0.5
0.8
60
Transportation Equipment
17.3
26.4
53
Industrial Machinery and Computers
3.0
4.6
51
Michigan is the country's 18th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.2 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 2 percent of the U.S. total in FY 1996. Michigan's largest agriculture export categories, feed grains,
soybeans, vegetables and wheat, accounted for over 70 percent of Michigan's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Michigan to NAFTA countries increased by 40 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $21.0 billion in 1993 to $29.3 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Michigan's largest
export market, while Mexico was Michigan's second largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 56
percent ($8.5 billion), from $15.2 billion in 1993 to $23.6 billion in 1996. Michigan's exports to Mexico were
down by 2 percent ($100 million), from $5.8 billion in 1993 to $5.7 billion in 1996.
During 1996. Japan was Michigan's third largest export market. Total exports from Michigan to Japan were
up nearly 68 percent ($747 million), from $1.1 billion in 1993 to $1.9 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Michigan to the European Union were up by 33 percent ($1.1 billion), from $3.3 billion in
1993 to $4.4 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Insurere of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
MINNESOTA STATE EXPORTS
MINNESOTA GOODS
MINNESOTA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
16
200
14
14.6
179.1
12
150
144
10
9 9
Billions
a
Thousands
100
6
50
4
2
0
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
Minnesota recorded goods exports totaling $14.6 billion in 1996, up 48 percent ($4.7 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Minnesota was the 12th largest state exporter of goods.
Minnesota's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 24 percent (34,292 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available. Minnesota exports accounted for 16.4 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 18.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Minnesota's exports of manufactured products were up by 21 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $7.8
billion in 1993 to $9.4 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Minnesota's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($2.4 billion of exports in 1996), Food Products ($1.9 billion), Scientific and Measuring
Instruments ($1.5 billion), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($1.2 billion), and Transportation Equipment
($0.8 billion). These five sectors accounted for 53 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Minnesota fastest growing manufactured exports (in-billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Industrial Machinery and Computers
$1.8
$2.4
36%
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
1.1
1.5
34
Electronic and Electric Equipment
0.9
1.2
25
Transportation Equipment
0.6
0.8
23
Minnesota is the country's seventh largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $3.0 billion in agricultural
exports abroad or 5% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, feed grains, and soybeans,
accounted for 63 percent of Minnesota's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Minnesota to NAFTA countries increased by 51 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $2.6 billion in 1993 to $3.9 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Minnesota's largest export
market, while Mexico was Minnesota's fourth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 29
percent ($684 million), from $2.3 billion in 1993 to $3.0 billion in 1996. Minnesota's exports to Mexico were
up by 252 percent ($645 million). from $256.3 million in 1993 to $900.9 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Minnesota's second largest export market. Total exports from Minnesota to Japan
were up 23 percent ($200 million), from S882.4 million in 1993 to $1.1 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Minnesota to the European Union were up 22 percent ($763 million), from $3.5 billion in
1993 to $4.3 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR two Missachusetts Institute of S.x 11 and Economic Research VS Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept
MISSISSIPPI STATE EXPORTS
MISSISSIPPI GOODS
MISSISSIPPI JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
14
15
1.3
15.9
12
14
13.9
12
1
0.9
Billions
08
Thousands
10
0
06
5
04
4
02
2
0
O
1992
1998
1992
1998
Mississippi recorded goods exports totaling $1.3 billion in 1996, up 37 percent ($348.5 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Mississippi was the 40th largest exporter of goods.
Mississippi's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 14 percent (1,992 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Mississippi exports accounted for 16.6 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 12.9 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Mississippi's exports of manufactured products were up by 39 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from 880.0
million in 1993 to $1.2 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Mississippi's exports were: Electronic and Electric
Equipment ($170.4 million of exports in 1996), Food Products ($162.5 million), Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($138.7 million), Paper Products ($135. million) and Apparel Products ($93.0 million). These
five sectors accounted for 53 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Mississippi's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Food Products
$50.7
$162.5
220%
Industrial Machinery and Computers
93.3
138.7
49
Electronic and Electric Equipment
127.7
170.4
33
,
Paper Products
111.5
125.1
12
Mississippi is the country's 24th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $815 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, cotton and linter, and poultry, accounted for 63
percent of Mississippi's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Mississippi to NAFTA countries increased by 25 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $418.7 million in 1993 to $521.7 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Mississippi's largest
export market, while Mexico was Mississippi's third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 8
percent ($33.1 million), from $391.7 million in 1993 to $424.8 million in 1996. Mississippi's exports to
Mexico were up by 259 percent (S69.9 million), from $27.0 million in 1993 to $96.9 million in 1996.
During 1996. Japan was Mississippi's sixth largest export market. Total exports from Mississippi to Japan
were up 36 percent ($10.4 million), from $29.2 million in 1993 to $39.6 million in 1996.
Total exports from Mississippi to the European Union were up 27 percent ($46.9 million), from $172.1 million
in 1993 to $219.0 million in 1996.
Sources
of
MISSOURI STATE EXPORTS
MISSOURI GOODS
MISSOURI JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
8
100
7.5
7
91.9
80
6
70.3
5
Billions
14.8
4
Thousands
60
40
3
2
20
1
0
0
1992
1992
1996
1996
Missouri recorded goods exports totaling $7.5 billion in 1996, up 56 percent ($2.7 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Missouri was the 23rd largest state exporter of goods.
Missouri's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 31 percent (21,612 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Missouri exports accounted for 15.1 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 15.3 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Missouri's exports of manufactured products were up by 38 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $4.3 billion
in 1993 to $6.0 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Missouri's exports were: Chemical Products ($1.7 billion of
exports in 1996). Transportation Equipment ($1.1 billion), Industrial Machinery and Computer ($724.8
million), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($608.9 million), and Food Products ($442.4 million). These
five sectors accounted for 60 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Missouri's fastest growing manufactured exports (in. millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Transportation Equipment
$550.0
$1.052.7
91%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
402.5
608.9
51
Industrial Machinery and Computers
532.1
724.8
36
Chemical Products
1.395.7
1,679.3
20
Missouri is the country's 15th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.3 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 2.2% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, soybeans and feed grains,
accounted for 57 percent of Missouri's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Missouri to NAFTA countries increased by 36 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $1.9 billion in 1993 to $2.6 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Missouri's largest export
market, while Mexico was Missouri's second largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 7 percent
($94.9 million), from $1.4 billion in 1993 to $1.5 billion in 1996. Missouri's exports to Mexico were up by
106 percent (S610.8 million), from $576.7 million in 1993 to $1.2 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Missouri's fifth largest export market. Total exports from Missouri to Japan were up
3 percent ($9.2 million), from S276.2 million in 1993 to $285.4 million in 1996.
Total exports from Missouri to the European Union were up 92 percent ($939 million), from 1.0 billion in
1993 to $2.0 billion in 1996.
USTR
i
Social
Economic
MONTANA STATE EXPORTS
MONTANA GOODS
MONTANA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
400
$
350
358
300
4
250
3.5
3
Millions
236
200
150
Thousands
2
100
,
50
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Montana recorded goods exports totaling $358.0 million in 1996, up 52 percent ($122.0 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Montana was the 48th largest state exporter of goods.
Montana's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 27 percent (929 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Montana exports accounted for 15.1 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 14.1 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Montana's exports of manufactured products were up by 37 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $199.4
million in 1993 to $272.9 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Montana's exports were: Primary Metal Industries ($98.5
million of exports in 1996). Industrial Machinery and Computers ($73.3 million), Chemical Products ($17.1
million), Misc. Manufacturing Industries ($14.6 million) and Lumber and Wood Products ($14.2 million).
These five sectors accounted for 61 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Montana's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Electronic and Electric Equipment
$2.7
$7.5
178%
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
5.5
11.4
107
Primary Metals
49.3
98.5
100
Industrial Machinery and Computers
46.6
73.3
57
Montana is the country's 23rd largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $850 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The largest export category, wheat, accounted for 88 percent of Montana's agricultural
exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Montana to NAFTA countries increased by 32 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $167.7 million in 1993 to $221.0 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Montana's largest
export market, while Mexico was Montana's second largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 5
percent ($8.2 million), from $165.9 million in 1993 to $174.1 million in 1996. Montana's exports to Mexico
were up over 2,400 percent ($45.1 million), from $1.8 million in 1993 to $46.9 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Montana's fourth largest export market. Total exports from Montana to Japan were
up 114 percent ($11.4 million), from $10.0 million in 1993 to $21.4 million in 1996.
Total exports from Montana the European Union were up 28 percent ($18.3 million), from $65.1 million in
1993 to $83.3 million in 1996.
of
Social
and
NEBRASKA STATE EXPORTS
NEBRASKA GOODS
NEBRASKA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
3
35
25
2.6
30
316
25
2
24.6
Billions
17
1.5
Thousands
20
15
1
10
05
5
o
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Nebraska recorded goods exports totaling $2.6 billion in 1996, up 54 percent ($900.3 million) from 1992.
During 1996. Nebraska was the 35th largest state exporter of goods.
Nebraska's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 29 percent (7,028 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Nebraska exports accounted for 13.1 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 13.7 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Nebraska's exports of manufactured products were up by 28 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $1.8
billion in 1993 to $2.3 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Nebraska's exports were: Food Products ($1.5 billion of
exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($206.1 million), Transportation Equipment ($137.0
million), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($135.0 million). and Leather Products ($81.2 million). These
five sectors accounted for 79 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Nebraska fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Industrial Machinery and Computers
$132.2
$206.1
56%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
91.0
1350
48
Leather Products
55.8
81.2
46
Food Products
1.144.0
1,478.5
29
Nebraska is the country's fifth largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $3.5 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 5.9% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, feed grains and live animals and
meat (excluding poultry), accounted for over 60 percent of Nebraska's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Nebraska to NAFTA countries increased by 42 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $449.6 million in 1993 to $640.4 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Nebraska's second
largest export market, while Mexico was Nebraska's third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up
by 21 percent (S80.3 million). from $385.1 million in 1993 to $465.4 million in 1996. Nebraska's exports to
Mexico were up by 171 percent ($110.5 million). from $64.5 million in 1993 to $175.0 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Nebraska's largest export market. Total exports from Nebraska to Japan were up 21
percent ($192.9 million), from S939.6 million in 1993 to $1.1 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Nebraska to the European Union were up 18 percent ($38.2 million), from $209.2 million
in 1993 to $247.4 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, U.S. Commerce Dept and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
NEVADA STATE EXPORTS
NEVADA GOODS
NEVADA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
600
10
762.4
4
700
8
600
67
500
Millions
456.4
400
Thousands
6
4
300
200
2
100
o
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
Nevada recorded goods exports totaling $762.4 million in 1996, up 67 percent ($306.0 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Nevada was the 45th largest state exporter of goods.
Nevada's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 40 percent (2,685 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Nevada exports accounted for 15.6 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 15.2 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Nevada's exports of manufactured products were up by 29 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $540.6
million in 1993 to $698.3 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Nevada's exports were: Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Industries ($136.8 million of exports in 1996), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($106.0 million), Industrial
Machinery and Computers ($100.1 million), Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($74.6 million) and
Transportation Equipment ($63.3 million). These five sectors accounted for nearly 70 percent of the state's
total exports in 1996.
Among Nevada's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Transportation Equipment
$20.1
$63.3
214%
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
717
136.8
161
Electronic and Electric Equipment
49.9
106.0
112
Industrial Machinery and Computers
62.4
100.1
60
à
Nevada is the country's 46th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $9.8 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from Nevada to NAFTA countries increased by 93 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $161.7 million in 1993 to $311.5 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Nevada's largest
export market, while Mexico was Nevada's 15th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 104
percent ($153.9 million), from $148.0 million in 1993 to $301.9 million in 1996. Nevada's exports to Mexico
were down by 30 percent ($4.2 million), to $9.6 million in 1996.
During 1996. Japan was Nevada's second largest export market. Total exports from Nevada to Japan were up
189 percent ($54.1 million), from $28.6 million in 1993 to $82.7 million in 1996.
Total exports from Nevada to the European Union were up 62 percent ($46.4 million), from $74.6 million in
1993 to $121.0 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dept
NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE EXPORTS
NEW HAMPSHIRE GOODS
NEW HAMPSHIRE JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
25
2
1.9
23
20
15
18
1
Thousands
15
Billions
1.1
10
it
0.5
5
0
o
1992
1996
1996
1992
New Hampshire recorded goods exports totaling $1.9 billion in 1996, up 68 percent ($766 million) from 1992.
During 1996, New Hampshire was the 37th largest state exporter of goods.
New Hampshire's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 41 percent (6,708 jobs) since 1992.
Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, New Hampshire exports accounted for 22.1 percent of its manufacturing
output and represented 21.2 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
New Hampshire's exports of manufactured products were up by 48 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $1.2
billion in 1993 to $1.8 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of New Hampshire's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($586.3 million of exports in 1996), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($275.0 million), Leather
and Leather Products ($181.1 million), Transportation Equipment ($164.8 million), and Scientific and
Measuring Instruments ($142.4 million). These, five sectors accounted for over 71 percent of the state's total
exports in 1996.
Among New Hampshire's fastest growing manufactured exports (in-millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Transportation Equipment
$52.9
$164.8
212%
Leather Products
68.8
181.1
163
Electronic and Electric Equipment
130.7
275.0
111
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
105.9
142.4
34
New Hampshire is the country's 49th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $900 thousand in
agricultural exports abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from New Hampshire to NAFTA countries increased by 49 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA)
and 1996 (from $508.2 million in 1993 to $757.3 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was New
Hampshire's largest export market, while Mexico was New Hampshire's 6th largest export market. Exports
to Canada were up by 48 percent ($222.2 million) from $467.3 million in 1993 to $689.5 million in 1996.
New Hampshire's exports to Mexico were up by 66 percent (S26.9 million), from $40.8 million in 1993 to
S67.7 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was New Hampshire's fifth largest export market. Total exports from New Hampshire to
Japan were up 41 percent ($25.0 million), from $60.4 million in 1993 to $85.3 million in 1996.
Total exports from New Hampshire to the European Union were up 62 percent ($204.1 million), from $329.8
million in 1993 to $533.8 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept
NEW JERSEY STATE EXPORTS
NEW JERSEY GOODS
Exports to World
NEW JERSEY JOBS
Supported by Exports To World
20
20
250
245.8
227.8
15
5
200
Billions
10
Thousands
150
100
5
50
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
New Jersey recorded goods exports totaling $20.0 billion in 1996, up 29 percent ($4.5 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, New Jersey was the ninth largest state exporter of goods.
New Jersey's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 8 percent (18,264 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, New Jersey's exports accounted for 15.2 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 17.3 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
New Jersey's exports of manufactured products were up by 27 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $14.8
billion in 1993 to $18.8 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of New Jersey's exports were: Chemical Products ($5.2 billion
of exports in 1996). Electronic and Electric Equipment ($2.8 billion), Industrial Machinery and Computers
($2.0 billion), Transportation Equipment ($1.7 billion), and Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($1.5
billion). These five sectors accounted for 66 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among New Jersey's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Transportation Equipment
$1.2
$1.7
43%
Chemical Products
3.8
5.2
37
Food Products
1.0
1.2
27
Electronic and Electric Instruments
2.3
2.8
19
New Jersey is the country's 37th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $142 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. New Jersey's largest agriculture export category, miscellaneous products (mainly
confectionery, nursery and greenhouse, essential oils, beverages, and other miscellaneous animal and
vegetable products), accounted for 65 percent of New Jersey's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from New Jersey to NAFTA countries increased by 21 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $3.6 billion in 1993 to $4.4 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was New Jersey's largest
export market, while Mexico was New Jersey's eighth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by
32 percent ($886 million), from $2.8 billion in 1993 to $3.6 billion in 1996. New Jersey's exports to Mexico
were down by 14 percent (S121 million), to S737 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was New Jersey's second largest export market. Total exports from New Jersey to Japan
were up 39 percent ($458 million), from $1.2 billion in 1993 to $1.6 billion in 1996.
Total exports from New Jersey to the European Union were up 15 percent ($639 million), from $4.2 billion in
1993 to $4.8 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusets Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept and the US Auriculture Dept
NEW MEXICO STATE EXPORTS
NEW MEXICO GOODS
NEW MEXICO JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
1000
12
935 1
11.5
10
600
a
600
Millions
Thousands
6
400
:
4
39
265.7
200
2
0
0
1992
1992
1996
1996
New Mexico recorded goods exports totaling $935.1 million in 1996, up 252 percent ($669.5 million) from
1992. During 1996, New Mexico was the 43th largest state exporter of goods.
New Mexico's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 194 percent (7,579 jobs) since 1992.
Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, New Mexico exports accounted for 20.7 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 14.5 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
New Mexico's exports of manufactured products were up by 1,131 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from
$393.8 million in 1993 to $908.9 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of New Mexico's exports were: Electronic and Electric
Equipment ($696.8 million of exports in 1996), Petroleum and Coal Products ($54.2 million), Industrial
Machinery and Computers ($42.1 million), Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($30.5 million). and
Chemical Products ($28.3 million). These five sectors accounted for over 91 percent of the state's total
exports in 1996.
Among New Mexico's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Textile Products
$0.3
$4.4
1.168%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
129.3
696.8
439
Transportation Equipment
11.6
30.5
163
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
19.0
28.3
49
:
New Mexico is the country's 40th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $75 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from New Mexico to NAFTA countries decreased by 5 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $165.2 million in 1993 to $156.4 million in 1996). During 1996, Mexico was New Mexico's third
largest export market, while Canada was New Mexico's fifth largest export market. Exports to Mexico were
down by 6 percent ($6.7 million), to $101.8 million in 1996. New Mexico's exports to Canada were down by
4 percent ($2.1 million), to $54.6 million in 1996.
During 1996. Japan was New Mexico's seventh largest export market. Total exports from New Mexico to
Japan were up 28 percent ($10.1 million), from $36.0 billion in 1993 to $46.0 million in 1996.
Total exports from New Mexico the European Union were up 32 percent ($25.4 million), from $79.4 million
in 1993 to $104.8 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dept
NEW YORK STATE EXPORTS
NEW YORK GOODS
NEW YORK JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
50
3
700
41.8
600
613.9
40
605 7
500
30
Billions
Thousands
400
300
20
200
10
100
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
New York recorded goods exports totaling $49.3 billion in 1996, up 18 percent ($7.5 billion) from 1992. During
1996. New York was the third largest state exporter of goods.
New York's jobs supported by goods exports declined an estimated I percent (8,202 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available. New York exports accounted for 18.6 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 18.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
New York's exports of manufactured products were up by 11 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $38:5 billion
in 1993 to $42.8 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of New York's exports were: Primary Metal Industries ($6.7
billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($6.3 billion), Scientific and Measuring
Instruments ($4.5 billion), Transportation Equipment ($4.5 billion), and Electronic and Electric Equipment ($3.8
billion). These five sectors accounted for over half of the state's total exports in 1995.
Among New York's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Paper Products
$13
$1.7
34%
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
35
45
31
Industrial Machinery and Computers
50
63
25
Electronic and Electric Equipment
32
3.8
18
New York is the country's 33rd largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $396 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, feed grain, miscellaneous products (mainly confectionery,
nursery and greenhouse, essential oils. beverages, and other miscellaneous animal and vegetable products).
vegetables and fruits, accounted for 76 percent of New York's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from New York to NAFTA countries increased by 32 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $8.4 billion in 1993 to $11.1 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was New York's largest export
market. while Mexico was New York's ninth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 36 percent
($2.5 billion). from $7.1 billion in 1993 to $9.6 billion in 1996. New York's exports to Mexico were up by 10
percent ($126 million), from $1.3 billion in 1992 to $1.5 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was New York's second largest export market. Total exports from New York to Japan were
up 21 percent ($1.0 billion), from $4.7 billion in 1993 to $5.7 billion in 1996.
Total exports from New York to the European Union were down 9 percent ($1.0 billion), to $11.1 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research. US Commerce Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept
NORTH CAROLINA STATE EXPORTS
NORTH CAROLINA GOODS
NORTH CAROLINA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
14
160
155
12
12 6
140
120
120 4
10
Billions
8
8.2
Thousands
100
80
6
60
4
40
2
20
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
North Carolina recorded goods exports totaling $12.6 billion in 1996, up 54 percent ($4.4 billion) from 1992.
During 1996 North Carolina was the 15th largest state exporter of goods.
North Carolina's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 29 percent (34,619 jobs) since 1992.
Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, North Carolina exports accounted for 17.5 percent of its manufacturing
output and represented 15.2 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
North Carolina's exports of manufactured products were up by 50 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $7.8
billion in 1993 to $11.8 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of North Carolina exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($2.2 billion of exports in 1996), Chemical Products ($1.7 billion), Electronic and Electric
Equipment ($1.5 billion), Apparel Products ($1.3 billion), and Textile Mill Products ($1.1 billion). These five
sectors accounted for 62 percent of the state's totaliexports in 1996.
Among North Carolina's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Apparel Products
$0.6
1.3
112%
Industrial Machinery and Computers
1.2
2.2
77
Chemical Products
1.1
1.7
64
Textile Mill Products
0.7
1.1
61
7
North Carolina is the country's 13th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.4 billion in agricultural
exports abroad or 2.4% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, tobacco and poultry,
accounted for 61 percent of North Carolina's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from North Carolina to NAFTA countries increased by 67 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA)
and 1996 (from $3.0 billion in 1993 to $5.0 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was North Carolina's
largest export market, while Mexico was North Carolina's second largest export market. Exports to Canada
were up by 53 percent ($1.4 billion). from $2.6 billion in 1993 to $3.9 billion in 1996. North Carolina's
exports to Mexico were up by 158 percent (S629.0 million), from $398 million in 1993 to $1.0 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was North Carolina's third largest export market. Total exports from North Carolina to
Japan were up 15 percent ($113.6 million), from $742.9 million in 1993 to $856.5 million in 1996.
Total exports from North Carolina to the European Union were up 36 percent ($717 million), from $2.0 billion
in 1993 to $2.7 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept
NORTH DAKOTA STATE EXPORTS
NORTH DAKOTA GOODS
NORTH DAKOTA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
700
7 8
800
631.9
7
6
500
53
Millions
400
Thousands
5
358.2
4
300
3
200
2
100
1
o
0
1992
1992
1996
1996
North Dakota recorded goods exports totaling $631.9 million in 1996, up an estimated 76 percent ($273.7
million) from 1992. During 1996, North Dakota was the 46th largest state exporter of goods.
North Dakota's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 47 percent (2,498 jobs) since 1992.
Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, North Dakota exports accounted for 14.4 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 12.2 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
North Dakota's exports of manufactured products were up by 49 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $348.0
million in 1993 to $517.9 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of North Dakota's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($266.7 million of exports in 1996), Transportation Equipment ($116.2 million), Food Products
($78.7 million), Chemical Products ($16.6 million), and Electronic and Electric Equipment ($10.0 million).
These five sectors accounted for 77 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among North Dakota's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Food Products
$24.2
$78.7
225%
Chemical Products
107
16.6
55
Transportation Equipment
80.0
116.2
45
Industrial Machinery and Computers
187.0
266.7
43
7
North Dakota is the country's 10th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.7 billion in agricultural
exports abroad or 2.9% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export category, wheat, accounted for 68
percent of North Dakota's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from North Dakota to NAFTA countries increased by 45 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA)
and 1996 (from $301.1 million in 1993 to $435.2 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was North Dakota's
largest export market, while Mexico was North Dakota's fourth largest export market. Exports to Canada
were up by 42 percent ($123.8 million), from $298.1 million in 1993 to $421.9 million in 1996. North
Dakota's exports to Mexico were up by 340 percent ($10.3 million). from $3.0 million in 1993 to $13.3
million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was North Dakota 10th largest export market. Total exports from North Dakota to Japan
were up 25 percent ($1.3 million), from $4.9 million in 1993 to $6.2 million in 1996.
Total exports from North Dakota the European Union were up 41 percent ($39.2 million), from $95.7 million
in 1993 to $134.9 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dept.
OHIO STATE EXPORTS
OHIO GOODS
OHIO JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
25
24.6
350
100
20
301 5
250
172
253.2
15
200
Billions
10
Thousands
150
100
5
50
o
0
1992
1992
1996
1996
Ohio recorded goods exports totaling $24.6 billion in 1996. up 42 percent ($7.3 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Ohio was the seventh largest state exporter of goods.
Ohio's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 19 percent (48,258 jobs) since 1992. Export-related
jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Ohio exports accounted for 20.5 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 20.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Ohio's exports of manufactured products were up by 25 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $18.7 billion in
1993 to $23.5 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Ohio's exports were: Transportation Equipment ($5.7
billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($5.3 billion), Chemical Products ($3.2
billion), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($2.0 billion), and Metal Products ($1.4 billion). These five
sectors accounted for over 71 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Ohio's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Primary Metals
$0.7
$1.0
52%
Fabricated Metal Products
0.9
1.4
45
Industrial Machinery and Computers
4.0
5.3
34
Chemical Products
2.4
3.2
34
Ohio is the country's 12th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.6 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 2.7% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, soybeans and feed grains,
accounted for 68 percent of Ohio's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Ohio to NAFTA countries increased by 22 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from S9.7 billion in 1993 to $11.8 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Ohio's largest export market,
while Mexico was Ohio's second largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 19 percent ($1.7
billion) from $8.6 billion in 1993 to $10.3 billion in 1996. Ohio's exports to Mexico were up by 45 percent
(S462 million), from $1.0 billion in 1993 to $1.5 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Ohio's fourth largest export market. Total exports from Ohio to Japan were up 46
percent ($+16 million), from $902.9 million in 1993 to $1.3 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Ohio to the European Union were up 16 percent ($703 million), from $4.5 billion in 1993
to $5.2 billion in 1996.
Sources LSTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dept
OKLAHOMA STATE EXPORTS
OKLAHOMA GOODS
OKLAHOMA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
3
50
2.9
28
25
40
42.8
2
1.5
Thousands
30
33.8
Billions
20
1
10
05
o
O
1992
1996
1992
1996
Oklahoma recorded goods exports totaling $2.8 billion in 1996, down 5 percent ($151 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Oklahoma was the 33rd largest state exporter of goods.
Nearly 34 thousand Oklahoma jobs were supported by goods exports during 1996. However, Oklahoma's jobs
supported by goods exports declined an estimated 21 percent (8,832 jobs) since 1992. Export-related jobs pay
13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Oklahoma's exports accounted for 14.9 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 16.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Oklahoma's exports of manufactured products were up by 13 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $2.2
billion in 1993 to $2.5 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Oklahoma's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($887 million of exports in 1996), Chemical Products ($326 million), Transportation Equipment
($253 million), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($224 million), and Fabricated Metal Products ($206
million). These five sectors accounted for 69 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Oklahoma's fastest growing manufactured exports (In millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Chemical Products
$145.5
$326.1
124%
Primary Metal Industries
83.3
107.4
29
Fubricated Metal Products
160.2
205.9
29
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
101.4
124.8
23
Oklahoma is the country's 31th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $475 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. Oklahoma's largest agriculture export category, wheat, accounted for 65 percent
of Oklahoma's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Oklahoma to NAFTA countries increased by 14 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from S724 million in 1993 to $824 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Oklahoma's largest
export market, while Mexico was Oklahoma's third largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 14
percent (S77 million), from $554 million in 1993 to $631 million in 1996. Oklahoma's exports to Mexico
were up by 13 percent (S22 million). from $170 million in 1993 to $192 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Oklahoma's second largest export market. Total exports from Oklahoma to Japan
were up 66 percent (S82 million), from S123 million in 1993 to $205 million in 1996.
Total exports from Oklahoma to the European Union were up 10 percent ($47 million), from $478 million in
1993 to $525 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the U.S. Agriculture Dept
OREGON STATE EXPORTS
OREGON GOODS
OREGON JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
10
120
9.1
111.1
100
8
91.5
80
6
62
Billions
4
Thousands
60
40
2
20
0
o
1992
1992
1996
1996
Oregon recorded goods exports totaling $9.1 billion in 1996, up 45 percent ($2.8 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Oregon was the 22nd largest state exporter of goods.
Oregon's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 22 percent (19,630 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Oregon exports accounted for 23.1 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 20.9 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Oregon's exports of manufactured products were up by 30 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $4.2 billion
in 1993 to $5.5 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Oregon's exports were: Electronic and Electric Equipment
($1.7 billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($1.4 billion), Lumber and Wood
Products ($563.2 million), Transportation Equipment ($477.7 million), and Paper Products ($309.8). These
five sectors accounted for 49 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Oregon fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Paper Products
$115.9
$309.8
167%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
664.0
1,700.0
156
Industrial Machinery and Computers
1.084.2
1,412.8
30
Transportation Equipment
390.9
477.7
22
Oregon is the country's 26th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $686 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, wheat and vegetables, accounted for 57 percent of Oregon's
agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Oregon to NAFTA countries increased by 3 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $1.10 billion in 1993 to $1.13 billion in 1996). During 1996 Canada was Oregon's third largest export
market, while Mexico was Oregon's 22nd largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 9 percent
($90.4 million), from $985.9 million in 1993 to $1.1 billion in 1996. Oregon's exports to Mexico were down
by 52 percent ($59 million), to $55.0 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Oregon's largest export market. Total exports from Oregon to Japan were up 19
percent (S246 million), from $1.3 billion in 1993 to $1.6 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Oregon to the European Union were down 11 percent (S128.8 million), from $1.1 billion in
1993 to $1.0 billion in 1996.
Sources LSTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the U.S Agriculture Dept
PENNSYLVANIA STATE EXPORTS
PENNSYLVANIA GOODS
PENNSYLVANIA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
20
250
18 9
232 2
217 2
200
15
14.8
Billions
10
Thousands
150
100
5
50
0
0
1992
1992
1996
1996
Pennsylvania recorded goods exports totaling $18.9 billion in 1996, up 28 percent ($4.1 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Pennsylvania was the 10th largest state exporter of goods.
Pennsylvania's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 7 percent (15,059 jobs) since 1993.
Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Pennsylvania's exports accounted for 16.8 percent of its manufacturing
output and represented 17.7 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Pennsylvania's exports of manufactured products were up by 30 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $13.6
billion in 1993 to $17.8 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Pennsylvania's exports were: Chemical Products ($3.6
billion of exports in 1996). Industrial Machinery and Computers ($3.4 billion), Electronic and Electric
Equipment ($2.6 billion), Primary Metal Industries ($1.6 billion), and Transportation Equipment ($1.2 billion).
These five sectors accounted for 66 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Pennsylvania's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Primary Metal Industries
$1.0
$1.6
66%
Chemical Products
2.6
3.5
36
Industrial Machinery and Computers
2.5
3.4
36
Electronic and Electric Equipment
2.0
2.6
31
$
Pennsylvania is the country's 27th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $557 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. The three largest export categories, Live Animals and Meat (excluding poultry),
Poultry and Other Products (mainly confectionery, nursery and greenhouse, essential oils, beverages, or other
miscellaneous animal and vegetable products), accounted for 57 percent of Pennsylvania's agricultural exports
in FY 1996.
Total exports from Pennsylvania to NAFTA countries increased by 19 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA)
and 1996 (from $5.2 billion in 1993 to $6.1 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Pennsylvania's largest
export market, while Mexico was Pennsylvania's fourth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by
16 percent ($709 million), from $4.5 billion in 1993 to $5.2 billion in 1995. Pennsylvania's exports to Mexico
were up by 36 percent ($254 million), from $710 million to $964 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Pennsylvania's third largest export market. Total exports from Pennsylvania to Japan
were up 32 percent (S284 million), from $893 million in 1993 to $1.2 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Pennsylvania to the European Union were up 43 percent ($1.4 billion), to $4.7 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept., and the US Agriculture Dept
RHODE ISLAND STATE EXPORTS
RHODE ISLAND GOODS
RHODE ISLAND JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
1
14
1
12
12.8
0.8
11 5
0.8
10
0.6
Billions
Thousands
8
6
0.4
4
02
2
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Rhode Island recorded goods exports totaling $1.0 billion in 1996, up 34 percent (S262 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Rhode Island was the 42nd largest state exporter of goods.
Rhode Island's jobs supported by goods exports declined an estimated 12 percent (1,341 jobs) since 1992:
Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Rhode Island exports accounted for 19.4 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 18.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Rhode Island's exports of manufactured products were down by 1 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from
$898.8 million in 1993 to $886.4 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Rhode Island's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($177.6 million of exports in 1996), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($161.7 million),
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries ($135.8 million), Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($66.9
million) and Primary Metals ($66.8 million). These five sectors accounted for over 58 percent of the state's
total exports in 1996.
Among Rhode Island fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Food Products
$6.6
$11.3
71%
Textile Products
28.8
41.1
43
Electronic and Electric Equipment
119.5
161.7
35
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
56.1
66.9
19
Rhode Island is the country's 48th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.1 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from Rhode Island to NAFTA countries increased by 2 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $377 million in 1993 to $386 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Rhode Island's largest
export market, while Mexico was Rhode Island's 1 1th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 3
percent ($27 million) from $333.8 million in 1993 to S360.6 million in 1996. Rhode Island's exports to
Mexico were down by 42 percent ($18 million), from $43.1 million in 1993 to $25.2 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Rhode Island's third largest export market. Total exports from Rhode Island to Japan
were up 48 percent ($21.3 million), from S44.8 million in 1993 to $66.1 million in 1996.
Total exports from Rhode Island to the European Union were down 10 percent ($37 million), to $316.7
million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
SOUTH CAROLINA STATE EXPORTS
SOUTH CAROLINA GOODS
SOUTH CAROLINA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
6
70
65
5
53
60
50
4
3
3
Thousands
44 4
40
Billions
30
2
20
1
10
0
o
1992
1996
1992
1996
South Carolina recorded goods exports totaling $5.3 billion in 1996, up 75 percent ($2.3 billion) from 1992.
During 1966, South Carolina was the 26th largest state exporter of goods.
South Carolina's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 46 percent (20,603 jobs) since 1992.
Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, South Carolina exports accounted for 21.4 percent of its manufacturing
output and represented 18.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
South Carolina's exports of manufactured products were up by 47 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $3.5
billion in 1993 to $5.2 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of South Carolina's exports were: Electronic and Electric
Equipment ($959.0 million of exports in 1996), Transportation Equipment ($890.6 million), Industrial
Machinery and Computers ($764.3 million), Chemical Products ($618.8 million), and Textile Mill Products
($388.9 million). These five sectors accounted for 68 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among South Carolina's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Transportation Equipment
$364.3
$890.6
145%
Chemical Products
377.3
6138
64
Rubber and Miscellaneous Products
236.2
380.7
61
Electronic and Electric Equipment
630.1
959.0
52
the
South Carolina is the country's 34th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $348 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. The two largest export categories, tobacco and cotton and linters, accounted for
53 percent of South Carolina's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from South Carolina to NAFTA countries increased by 47 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA)
and 1996 (from $1.6 billion in 1993 to $2.3 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was South Carolina's
largest export market, while Mexico was South Carolina's third largest export market. Exports to Canada
were up by 25 percent (S321 million), from $1.3 billion in 1993 to $1.6 billion in 1996. South Carolina's
exports to Mexico were up by 140 percent ($421 million), from $300.3 million in 1993 to $721.2 million in
1996.
During 1996. Japan was South Carolina's fifth largest export market. Total exports from South Carolina to
Japan were up 33 percent ($51.7 million), from $159.1 million in 1993 to $210.9 million in 1996.
Total exports from South Carolina to the European Union were up 65 percent ($609.8 million), from $933.6
million in 1993 to $1.5 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the U.S. Agriculture Dept
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE EXPORTS
SOUTH DAKOTA GOODS
SOUTH DAKOTA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
500
6
422.4
5
5.2
400
4
300
Millions
Thousands
3
2.8
200
190.1
2
100
1
0
0
1992
1996
1996
1992
South Dakota recorded goods exports totaling $422.4 million in 1996. up 122 percent ($232 million) from 1992.
During 1996, South Dakota was the 47th largest state exporter of goods.
South Dakota's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 86 percent (2,394 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, South Dakota exports accounted for 13.7 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 16.5 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
South Dakota's exports of manufactured products were up by 82 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $223.7
million in 1993 to $406.6 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of South Dakota's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($150.1 million of exports in 1996), Primary Metals ($60.8 million), Scientific and Measuring
Instruments ($55.6 million), Electronic and Electric Equipment ($42.8 million), and Transportation Equipment
($29.4 million). These five sectors accounted for over 80 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among South Dakota's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Industrial Machinery and Computers
$71.4
$150.1
110%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
21.9
42.8
95
Transportation Equipment
18.3
29 4
60
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
35.8
55.6
55
South Dakota is the country's 19th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.2 billion in agricultural
exports abroad or 1.9% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. Large export product categories include wheat, feed grains,
and soybeans. These three categories accounted for 74 percent of South Dakota's agricultural exports in FY
1996.
Total exports from South Dakota to NAFTA countries increased by 41 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $133.1 million in 1993 to $187.6 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was South Dakota's largest
export market, while Mexico was South Dakota's 10th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 39
percent ($50.4 million), from $128.7 million in 1993 to $179.1 million in 1996. South Dakota's exports to
Mexico were up by 95 percent (S4.2 million), from S4.4 million in 1993 to $8.6 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was South Dakota's fourth largest export market. Total exports from South Dakota to Japan
were up 173 percent ($18.4 million), from $10.6 million in 1993 to $29.1 million in 1996.
Total exports from South Dakota to the European Union were up 64 percent ($43.0 million), from $67.4 million
in 1993 to $110.4 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dept
TEXAS STATE EXPORTS
TEXAS GOODS
TEXAS JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
60
700
53.7
658 7
50
000
582.1
500
40
38.3
Billions
30
Thousands
400
300
20
200
10
100
o
O
1992
1996
1992
1996
Texas recorded goods exports totaling $53.7 billion in 1996. up 40 percent ($15.4 billion) from 1992. During
1996. Texas was the second largest state exporter of goods.
Texas' jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 17 percent (96,506 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Texas exports accounted for 21.1 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 23.9 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Texas' exports of manufactured products were up by 37 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $37.4 billion in
1993 to $51.3 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Texas' exports were: Electronic and Electric Equipment
($11.2 billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers (S11.2 billion), Chemical Products
($8.6 billion). Transportation Equipment ($4.4 billion), and Petroleum and Coal Products ($2.5 billion).
These five sectors accounted for 71 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Texas fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Fabricated Metal Products
$1.1
$2.2
91%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
6.7
11.2
67
Rubber and Plastic Products
0.8
13
64
Chemical Products
6.5
8.6
33
,
Texas is the country's fourth largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $3.6 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 6% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, cotton and linters, live animals and
meat (excluding poultry) and feed grains, accounted for 57 percent of Texas' agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Texas to NAFTA countries increased by 33 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $19.0 billion in 1993 to $25.3 billion in 1996). During 1996, Mexico was Texas' largest export market,
while Canada was Texas' second largest export market. Exports to Mexico were up by 25 percent ($3.6
billion), from $14.5 billion in 1993 to $18.2 billion in 1996. Texas' exports to Canada were up by 58 percent
($2.6 billion), from $4.5 billion in 1993 to $7.1 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Texas' third largest export market. Total exports from Texas to Japan were up 45
percent ($679 million), from $1.5 billion in 1993 to S2.2 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Texas to the European Union were up 19 percent ($938 million), from $4.8 billion in 1993
to $5.8 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept and the US Agriculture Dept
TENNESSEE STATE EXPORTS
TENNESSEE GOODS
TENNESSEE JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
12
140
10.1
120
10
1242
100
6
929
Billions
6
6.3
Thousands
80
60
4
40
2
20
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Tennessee recorded goods exports totaling $10.1 billion in 1996, up 60 percent ($3.8 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Tennessee was the 19th largest state exporter of goods.
Tennessee's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 34 percent (31,267 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Tennessee exports accounted for 17.2 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 15.7 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Tennessee's exports of manufactured products were up by 43 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $5.6
billion in 1993 to $8.0 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Tennessee's exports were: Transportation Equipment ($1.6
billion of exports in 1996), Chemical Products ($1.5 billion), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($1.1
billion), Paper Products ($960 million) and Electronic and Electric Equipment ($865 million). These five
sectors accounted for over 58 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Tennessee's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Transportation Equipment
$0.9
$1.6
68%
Electronic and Electric Equipment
0.5
0.9
63
Industrial Machinery and Computer Equipment
0.7
1.1
51
Paper Products
0.7
1.0
41
Tennessee is the country's 28th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $514 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, soybeans, cotton and linters and tobacco, accounted
for 65 percent of Tennessee's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Tennessee to NAFTA countries increased by 38 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $2.5 billion in 1993 to $3.5 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Tennessee's largest export
market, while Mexico was Tennessee's second largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 29
percent ($529 million), from $1.8 billion in 1993 to $2.4 billion in 1996. Tennessee's exports to Mexico were
up by 63 percent ($445 million), from $702.7 million in 1993 to $1.1 billion in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Tennessee's fourth largest export market. Total exports from Tennessee to Japan
were up 87 percent ($352 million), from $406.3 million in 1993 to $758.5 million in 1996.
Total exports from Tennessee to the European Union were up 22 percent ($362 million), from $1.6 billion in
1993 to $2.0 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
UTAH STATE EXPORTS
UTAH GOODS
UTAH JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
35
40
3
3.1
15
36.1
37.7
2.5
2.5
30
Billions
2
Thousands
25
20
15
15
1
10
05
$
O
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Utah recorded goods exports totaling $3.1 billion in 1996, up 25 percent ($612 million) from 1992. During
1996, Utah was the 31th largest state exporter of goods.
Utah's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 4 percent (1,598 jobs) since 1992. Export-related
jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Utah exports accounted for 17.2 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 17.7 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Utah's exports of manufactured products increased by 31 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $2.0 billion in
1993 to $2.7 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Utah's exports were: Primary Metals ($560.0 million of
exports in 1996), Transportation Equipment ($482.9), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($471.7 million),
Electronic and Electric Equipment ($374.4 million), and Chemical Products ($210.1 million). These five
sectors accounted for over 68 percent of the state's total exports in 19956
Among Utah's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Chemical Products
$93.6
$210.1
124%
Industrial Machinery and Computers
211.5
471.7
123
Transportation Equipment
278.7
432.9
73
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
1049
155.7
48
,
Utah is the country's 36th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $147 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The largest export categories, live animals and meat, and hides and skins, accounted for
78 percent of Utah's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Utah to NAFTA countries increased by 28 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and 1996
(from $471.8 million in 1993 to $604.2 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Utah's largest export
market, while Mexico was Utah's ninth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 18 percent
($80.0 million) from $439.8 million to $519.8 million in 1996. Utah's exports to Mexico were up by 163
percent ($52.3 million), from $32.0 million in 1993 to $84.3 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Utah's second largest export market. Total exports from Utah to Japan were up 36
percent ($223.4 million), from $258.6 million in 1993 to $482.1 million in 1996.
Total exports from Utah to the European Union were up 108 percent ($532 million), from $493.5 million in
1993 to $1.0 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research. US Commerce Dept and the U.S Agriculture Dept.
VERMONT STATE EXPORTS
VERMONT GOODS
VERMONT JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
3
35
2.8
33.7
30
31.3
2.5
25
2
2.1
Billions
1.5
Thousands
20
15
1
10
05
$
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Vermont recorded goods exports totaling $2.8 billion in 1996, up 29 percent ($614 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Vermont was the 34st largest state exporter of goods.
Vermont's jobs supported by goods exports increased an estimated 8 percent (2,399 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Vermont's exports accounted for 20.6 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 18.5 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Vermont's exports of manufactured products were up by 3 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $2.6 billion
in 1993 to $2.7 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Vermont's exports were: Electronic and Electric Equipment
($2.1 billion of exports in 1996), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($127.5 million), Fabricated Metal
Products ($76.5 million), Transportation Equipment ($38.7 million), and Paper Products ($38.2 million).
These five sectors accounted for over 85 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Vermont's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Paper Products
$23.4
$38.2
64%
Chemical Products
23.8
35.2
48
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Industries
23.8
33.9
42
Fabricated Metal Products
62.0
76.5
23
Vermont is the country's 47th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $8 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from Vermont to NAFTA countries decreased by 1 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $2.52 billion in 1993 to $2.50 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Vermont's largest
export market, while Mexico was Vermont's eleventh largest export market. Exports to Canada were down
by I percent ($16 million), from $2.50 billion in 1993 to $2.49 billion in 1996. Vermont's exports to Mexico
were down by 35 percent ($5.0 million), to $9.3 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Vermont's third largest export market. Total exports from Vermont to Japan were up
139 percent (S21 million), from $14.9 million in 1993 to $35.5 million in 1996.
Total exports from Vermont to the European Union were up 29 percent ($23 million), to $101.7 million in
1996.
Sources LSTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research. U.S. Commerce Dept., and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
VIRGINIA STATE EXPORTS
VIRGINIA GOODS
VIRGINIA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
12
160
11.6
140
135.3
1417
10
9.2
120
a
Billions
Thousands
100
80
5
60
4
40
2
20
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Virginia recorded goods exports totaling $11.6 billion in 1996, up 25 percent ($2.3 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Virginia was the 16th largest state exporter of goods.
Virginia's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 5 percent (6,427 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Virginia's exports accounted for 17.2 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 14.0 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Virginia's exports of manufactured products were up by 34 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $7.6 billion
in 1993 to $10.3 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Virginia's exports were: Tobacco ($3.7 billion of exports in
1996). Industrial Machinery and Computers ($1.2 billion), Transportation Equipment ($1.0 billion), Electronic
and Electric Equipment ($808 million) and Chemical Products ($80 Imillion). These five sectors accounted
for 66 percent of the state's total exports in 1996
Among Virginia's fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Tobacco
$2.5
$3.7
46%
Industrial Machinery and Computers
0.9
1.2
39
Electronic and Electric Equipment
0.6
0.3
36
Chemical Products
0.6
0.8
36
$
Virginia is the country's 30th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $490 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996. The two largest export categories, poultry and tobacco, accounted for 40 percent of
Virginia's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Virginia to NAFTA countries increased by 17 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $1.7 billion in 1993 to $1.9 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Virginia's largest export
market, while Mexico was Virginia's seventh largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 19 percent
(S250 million), from $1.3 billion in 1993 to $1.6 billion in 1996. Virginia's exports to Mexico were up by 11
percent ($35 million), from $329.2 million in 1993 to $364.6 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Virginia's second largest export market. Total exports from Virginia to Japan were
up 13 percent ($160 million), from $1.2 billion in 1993 to $1.4 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Virginia to the European Union were up 54 percent ($1.2 billion), from $2.3 billion in 1993
to $3.5 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept
WASHINGTON STATE EXPORTS
WASHINGTON JOBS
WASHINGTON GOODS
Supported by Exports To World
Exports to World
500
35
451.9
400
30
30.8
27 1
332.6
25
Billions
20
Thousands
100
200
15
100
10
0
5
1992
1996
o
1992
1996
Washington recorded goods exports totaling $27.1 billion in 1996, down 12 percent ($3.7 billion) from 1992. During
1996, Washington was the sixth largest state exporter of goods. This decline was primarily due to the decline in the
sales of transportation equipment, mainly aircraft and associated products. With the increased orders for airplanes to
Boeing over the past year, an increase in exports for this sector should be expected. Washington's goods exports (not
including the sales of transportation equipment) increased by 22 percent ($2.4 billion) between 1992 and 1996 (from
$10.7 billion in 1993 to $13.1 billion in 1996).
Over 330,000 jobs in Washington are supported by goods exports in 1996. This has declined by an estimated 26
percent (119,352 jobs) since 1992. Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available. Washington exports accounted for 43.6 percent of its manufacturing output and
represented 31.2 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Washington exports of manufactured products were down by 6 percent between 1992 and 1996 (from $25.7 billion in
1993 to $24.2 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Washington exports were: Transportation Equipment ($14.0 billion
of exports in 1996), Lumber and Wood Products ($3'2 billion), Paper Products ($1.4 billion), Industrial Machinery
and Computers ($1.2 billion), and Food Products ($1.0 billion). These five sectors accounted for 77 percent of the
state's total exports in 1996.
Among Washington fastest growing manufactured exports (in billions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Electronic and Electric Equipment
$0.6
$0.9
50%
Paper Products
0.9
1.4
49
Food Products
0.8
1.0
21
Industrial Machinery and Computers
1.0
1.1
18
Washington is the country's ninth largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $2.0 billion in agricultural exports
abroad or 3.4% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, wheat, fruits. and vegetables.
accounted for 75 percent of Washington's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Washington to NAFTA countries increased by 42 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $2.1 billion in 1993 to $2.9 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Washington's second largest
export market, while Mexico was Washington's 18th largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 44
percent ($813 million), from $1.9 billion in 1993 to $2.7 billion in 1996. Washington's exports to Mexico were
up by 27 percent (S58 million), from $214.8 million in 1993 to $273.2 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Washington's largest export market. Total exports from Washington to Japan were down
2.0 percent ($109.5 million), to $6.7 billion in 1996.
Total exports from Washington to the European Union were down 18 percent ($1.2 billion), to $5.1 billion in 1996.
Sources ISTR based on type from the Missachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research. U.S. Commerce Dept and the US Avriculture Dept
WEST VIRGINIA STATE EXPORTS
WEST VIRGINIA GOODS
WEST VIRGINIA JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
1.4
16
15.9
1.3
14
1.2
14 1
12
1
1
Billions
08
Thousands
10
8
06
8
04
4
02
2
0
0
1992
1992
1996
1996
West Virginia recorded goods exports totaling $1.3 billion in 1996, up 35 percent ($336 million) from 1992.
During 1996, West Virginia was the 41st largest state exporter of goods.
West Virginia's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 13 percent (1,811 jobs) since 1992.
Export-related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, West Virginia exports accounted for 26.2 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 20.2 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
West Virginia exports of manufactured products were up by 47 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $596.0
million in 1993 to $877.9 million in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of West Virginia's exports were: Chemical Products ($301.3
million of exports in 1996), Primary Metals ($232.2 million), Industrial Machinery and Computers ($79.6
million), Transportation Equipment ($65.8) and Lumber and Wood Products ($47.9 million). These five
sectors accounted for 56 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among West Virginia's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Stone, Clay and Glass Products
$6.8
$34.1
400%
Transportation Equipment
27.5
65.8
139
Primary Metals
124.0
232.2
87
Chemical Products
249.2
301.3
21
West Virginia is the country's 44th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $33 million in agricultural
exports abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from West Virginia to NAFTA countries increased by 24 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA)
and 1996 (from $341.0 million in 1993 to $421.3 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was West Virginia's
largest export market, while Mexico was West Virginia's 14th largest export market. Exports to Canada were
up by 26 percent ($83 million), from $317.1 million in 1993 to $399.9 million in 1996. West Virginia's
exports to Mexico were down by 10 percent ($2.2 million), to $21.4 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was West Virginia's second largest export market. Total exports from West Virginia to
Japan were up 128 percent (S65 million), from $51.0 million in 1993 to $116.4 million in 1996.
Total exports from West Virginia to the European Union were up 124 percent ($249 million), from $201.3
million in 1993 to $450.4 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, US Commerce Dept. and the U.S. Agriculture Dept.
WISCONSIN STATE EXPORTS
WISCONSIN GOODS
WISCONSIN JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
10
120
9.2
112.4
100
8
95
80
6
6.5
Billions
4
Thousands
80
40
2
20
o
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Wisconsin recorded goods exports totaling $9.2 billion in 1996, up 41 percent ($2.7 billion) from 1992.
During 1996, Wisconsin was the 21st largest state exporter of goods.
Wisconsin's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 18 percent (16,956 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Wisconsin exports accounted for 16.2 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 17.3 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Wisconsin exports of manufactured products were up by 40 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $6.3 billion
in 1993 to $8.8 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Wisconsin's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($3.4 billion of exports in 1996), Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($1.3 billion), Electronic
and Electric Equipment ($812.8 million), Transportation Equipment ($521.7 million), and Metal Products
($451.3 million). These five sectors accounted far 71 percent of the state's total exports in 1996.
Among Wisconsin's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
$730.6
$1,308.7
79%
Food Products
250.9
421.1
68
Electronic and Electric Equipment
554.2
812.8
47
Industrial Machinery and Computers
2,381.2
3,441.2
45
Wisconsin is the country's 14th largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $1.4 million in agricultural
exports abroad or 2.3% of the U.S. total in FY 1996. The largest export categories, feed grains, vegetables,
and dairy products, accounted for 62 percent of Wisconsin's agricultural exports in FY 1996.
Total exports from Wisconsin to NAFTA countries increased by 24 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $2.7 billion in 1993 to $3.3 billion in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Wisconsin's largest export
market, while Mexico was Wisconsin's fifth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 24 percent
($575 million), from $2.4 billion in 1993 to $2.9 billion in 1996. Wisconsin's exports to Mexico were up by
21 percent ($66 million), from $314.4 million in 1993 to $380.4 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Wisconsin's second largest export market. Total exports from Wisconsin to Japan
were up 130 percent ($403 million), from $309.7 million in 1993 to $712.9 million in 1996.
Total exports from Wisconsin to the European Union were up 37 percent (S608 million), from $1.6 billion in
1993 to $2.2 billion in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic Research, U.S. Commerce Dept., and the US Agriculture Dept.
WYOMING STATE EXPORTS
WYOMING GOODS
WYOMING JOBS
Exports to World
Supported by Exports To World
140
1.6
1299
1.4
120
1.4
12
100
93.2
1
Millions
80
60
Thousands
0.8
06
40
0.4
0.2
20
0
0
1992
1996
1992
1996
Wyoming recorded goods exports totaling $129.9 million in 1996, up 40 percent ($36.8 million) from 1992.
During 1996, Wyoming was the smallest state exporter of goods.
Wyoming's jobs supported by goods exports grew an estimated 17 percent (227 jobs) since 1992. Export-
related jobs pay 13 to 16 percent higher than the national average.
In 1991, the latest year available, Wyoming's exports accounted for 13.3 percent of its manufacturing output
and represented 14.3 percent of its total manufacturing employment.
Wyoming's exports of manufactured products were up by 29 percent between 1993 and 1996 (from $82.4
billion in 1993 to $105.9 billion in 1996).
The five largest manufacturing sectors in terms of Wyoming's exports were: Industrial Machinery and
Computers ($25.0 million of exports in 1996), Chemical Products ($25.0 million), Food Products ($15.0
million), Transportation Equipment ($11.3 million) and Scientific and Measuring Instruments ($8.6 million).
These five sectors accounted for 65 percent of the,state's total exports in 1996.
Among Wyoming's fastest growing manufactured exports (in millions) were:
Sector
1993
1996
Change %
Food Products
$3.7
$15.0
301%
Transportation Equipment
6.1
11.3
85
Chemical Products
16.0
25.0
57
Scientific and Measuring Instruments
5.7
8.6
50
Wyoming is the country's 41st largest agricultural exporting state, shipping $46 million in agricultural exports
abroad in FY 1996.
Total exports from Wyoming to NAFTA countries increased by 58 percent between 1993 (pre-NAFTA) and
1996 (from $48.8 million in 1993 to $77.1 million in 1996). During 1996, Canada was Wyoming's largest
export market, while Mexico was Wyoming's fourth largest export market. Exports to Canada were up by 68
percent ($30 million), from $43.7 million in 1993 to $73.5 million in 1996. Wyoming's exports to Mexico
were down by 28 percent ($1.4 million), from $5.1 million in 1993 to $3.7 million in 1996.
During 1996, Japan was Wyoming's second largest state export market. Total exports from Wyoming to
Japan were up 294 percent ($13.9 million), from $4.7 million in 1993 to $18.6 million in 1996.
Total exports from Wyoming to the European Union were up 30 percent ($4.3 million), from $14.1 million in
1993 to $18.4 million in 1996.
Sources USTR based on data from the Massachusetts Institute of Social and Economic and Social Research. US Commerce Dept. and the US Agriculture Dept
SOURCES
Material contained in this packet was prepared by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
(USTR) and contains information from USTR, the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce),
the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Massachusetts Institute of Social and
Economic Research (MISER).
State trade data totals, manufacturing and specified country details are provided by MISER and
are based on the exporter location series from the U.S. Census Bureau. MISER adjusts the
Census' series by applying a formula to the Census' "unallocated" data, breaking down the
category and assigning export values to individual states and industries within the states. As a
result, all U.S. export transactions are attributed to one of the 50 states, the District of Colombia,
the Virgin Islands, or Puerto Rico. The series time frame is 1993-1996. Data for overall state
trade for 1992 were estimated by USTR. Comparable trade data for 1992 were estimated based
on comparisons of the origin of movement state export series with the exporter location state
export series for the period 1993-1995. The origin of movement state export series are available
for years earlier than 1993.
Jobs supported by goods exports in 1995 and 1996 were estimated by USTR based on a 1996
Commerce analysis, U.S. Jobs Supported by Goods and Services Exports, 1983-94. The
Commerce analysis reports jobs supported by goods and services exports through 1994. USTR
estimated this series through 1996 taking into account productivity and inflation trends affecting
export prices. Jobs supported by exports by states sum up to the estimated national total.
Manufacturing output and employment data accounted for by exports are from Commerce's 1991
Exports from Manufacturing Establishments: 1990 and 1991. These are the latest available data
on this series.
Agricultural state export data are from USDA's Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States.
The Economic Research Service of USDA estimates export shares based primarily on a state's
production share of exported commodities. State export data are presented on a fiscal year (FY)
basis (October-September).
[
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July 18, 1997
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MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
SAMUEL BERGER
GENE SPERLING
DAN TARULLO
JOHN HILLEY
Mach?
SUBJECT:
Fast Track
Purpose
To approve our position on two issues: 1) the negotiations for which we will use fast track
authority; 2) our opening position on the labor/environment issue.
Background
We continue to use the July-August period to organize our efforts and prepare for a more visible
Congressional and public effort in September. Our goals during this period are to build the White
House and agency team (Jay Berman should be fully on board soon), implement an early and
aggressive effort to avoid any attrition on the Hill, sharpen our message, build our coalition
through outreach to business, agriculture, state/local officials and others, lay a foundation of
support with the press and elites and develop a communications and legislative game plan for
September and beyond.
We also need to finalize key substantive positions to permit us to sharpen our message and begin
some quiet, limited Hill consultations before the August recess. We also wanted you to review
our thinking on these matters prior to Thursday's meeting with Members. The Principals make
the following recommendations:
V
Uses of Fast Track Authority
Our broad message regarding the uses of fast track authority should build on three points. First,
trade expansion has been a key element of the Clinton economic strategy that has created 12 1/2
million jobs, brought core inflation to a 30-year low and created sustained economic growth that
makes the United States the envy of the world. Second, as we enter the 21st Century, we need to
be in front of world trade opening efforts, not lagging behind and losing market opportunities.
CC: Vice President
Chief of Staff
2
Fast track is the critical tool allowing the President to pursue U.S. interests. Third, fast track will
advance a coherent trade strategy built around four Presidential initiatives:
FTAA/Latin America: As the hemisphere integrates, the U.S. must not be left behind.
Negotiating free trade with Chile is key to exerting American leadership in the FTAA
process, to be launched during your April, 1998 trip to Santiago.
APEC/Asia: We should build on APEC's success by negotiating sectoral agreements in
key areas that are springboards to global market opening (in the same way that the 1996
APEC Information Technology agreement led to the global agreement).
Africa: We would build on our Africa trade and investment initiative by indicating our
readiness to begin free trade talks with South Africa when it is ready.
Multilateral: We would continue a 50-year record of American leadership in the
GATT/WTO that has substantially lowered global trade barriers and contributed to a 90-
fold increase in world trade. Upcoming WTO talks in key areas like agriculture, services,
intellectual property right and government procurement offer large opportunities to reduce
foreign barriers, creating opportunities for American companies and workers.
The Principals recognized that talk of Latin trade can be used by fast track opponents, who seek
to make this debate a referendum on NAFTA. Despite this sensitivity, the Principals felt we must
forthrightly make the case for the FTAA and continued Latin American trade expansion, as it is an
integral part of our agenda and buttresses our broader themes of global leadership and market
opening. However, our hemispheric message is leavened by the fact that the only Latin FTA
likely to be concluded during your term is Chile.
A focus principally on Chile and agreements may cause some Members to question whether this
agenda is sufficiently far-reaching to be worth the fight. In truth, fast track is critical to giving the
U.S. credibility to enter into discussions that will eventually lead to an FTAA, or that will enable
us to put forth an agenda at the WTO. Even if we have discrete immediate negotiating aims, fast
track is key to keeping the U.S. in the lead on major trade initiatives.
Principals discussed the possibility of identifying additional bilateral FTA candidates, as a way to
increase the appeal of fast track. After discussion, though, Principals concluded that none of our
prelim .ary discussions with other countries is sufficiently advanced to put forward a specific
additional candidates. Moreover, we would need to ensure that specifying them by name would
alleviate, rather than compound, the difficulties of getting fast track. Thus we propose to indicate
that we would consider a limited number of additional bilateral FTAs in your second term which
could advance U.S. trade policy aims in APEC or elsewhere, but only after thorough analysis and
consultations. (For your information, USTR has been thinking of Australia, New Zealand, and
possibly others, but there are still questions about them.)
3
Labor/Environment
We need to settle on our labor/environment policy SO we can consult quietly on the Hill before the
August recess, permitting a quick rollout in September. Our position should be seen only
preliminary, so that Charlene is authorized to begin consultations on the Hill. Ultimately, the
Administration may need to broker a deal between Republicans and swing Democrats. Therefore,
at issue is not only our position, but also opening tactics.
Our goal throughout will be to attract sufficient swing Democrats to create a truly bipartisan
coalition without losing the Republicans necessary for a majority. We should do this in a way
consistent with our overall policy of promoting labor and environmental standards in a broad-
gauged, rather than single, fashion. If past trade legislation is any guide, swing Democrats and
others may want to include other provisions (e.g., worker retraining, general trade law reform)
going beyond labor/environment. We will not initiate these at the outset, but we should anticipate
them.
There are two parts to the labor/environment issue; 1) what we commit to do outside (parallel to)
any free trade agreements; and 2) what labor/environment provisions we believe should be
included within any free trade agreement.
Outside the Trade Agreement: All of the Principals believe we should state we will negotiate
labor/environment side agreements as appropriate, regardless of what can be included in the trade
agreement itself. This would renew our commitment to the importance of promoting worker
rights and the environment in a manner consistent with the NAFTA record. We would argue no
one approach fits all countries, so the need for agreements and the terms may vary by country
(e.g., New Zealand V. Brazil). Side agreements essentially equivalent to those for NAFTA could
be reached through executive authority and would not require legislation. This would respond to
Republican sensitivities about putting labor/environment provisions on the trade bill, yet
demonstrates to swing Democrats an ongoing labor/environment commitment.
Even this position may be controversial. If asked, we would state our willingness to enforce such
side agreements through trade sanctions similar to those in the NAFTA side agreements. Those
agreements permitted the U.S., after exhaustion of an extensive process, to impose trade
sanctions as a way of collecting "fines" assessed against a country failing to enforce its
labor/environment laws. Republicans and the business community accepted this as a collection of
fines, not use of trade sanctions to compel labor/environment behavior, which they oppose. There
are some indications they are now reversing this position and would oppose even NAFTA-type
trade sanctions. However, acceding to this possible shift in business position would open us to
charges that any future side agreements would lack teeth and backtrack on your NAFTA position.
We feel we should enter discussions embracing NAFTA-type trade sanctions, even while
eschewing a broader use of trade sanctions to enforce side agreements.
Some have suggested labor/environment side agreements should be a precondition of new trade
agreements. The Principals felt this would unduly restrict our capacity to reach agreements in the
U.S. interest (and which may, on their own, promote better labor/environmental practices.) Some
may see this as inconsistent with NAFTA. However, countries vary: Australia and New Zealand
4
do not justify the same approach as Mexico. Although a country's labor/environment record
would not be a precondition, it would, of course, be an informal consideration (i.e., we are
unlikely to negotiate with a country having a horrible environmental record).
Within the Trade Agreement: The second, and more controversial, issue is the extent to which
labor/environment provisions can be included in fast track trade agreements. Gephardt insists
they be fully included and enforceable through trade sanctions, perhaps even through privately
initiated actions. Your advisors believe this would neither be feasible to negotiate nor, in the view
of many, would it be desirable. It would likely lose most Republicans and the business
community, making it impossible to assemble a coalition for passage.
Archer favors allowing on the trade bill labor/environment provisions that are "specifically related
to trade." This formulation almost was the basis for agreement between Ambassador Kantor and
Archer in 1994. The phrase has some appeal: it makes sense that only trade-related provisions
would be in a trade agreement. However, Archer's definition is quite narrow (e.g., sanctions
apply against a country enacting environmental protections that are really disguised barriers to
trade, a definition that, if anything, limits environmental protection). The term could be broader
(e.g., country reduces export costs by failing to enforce its labor/environment laws), but
Republicans and the business community are rallying around the term, narrowly defined. We
think there are broadly two options:
Option 1: Trade-Related "Plus": We would essentially accept Archer's "specifically related to
trade" term, but leave the definition a little more open-ended. This would permit us to seek a
broader definition, but not put us in opposition to a term - and a fairly narrow definition - that
Charlene believes is likely to prevail ultimately. We could correctly present the term as one we
embraced in 1994. No matter how the term ultimately is defined, we would state our intention to
negotiate labor/environment side agreements when appropriate.
Option 2: Clean Bill: We would propose a bill that makes no reference to labor/environment at
all, theoretically permitting any labor/environment provisions to be included (because there is no
limiting language). This permits us to argue it is the same authority granted President Bush,
distinguishes our position from Archer's, and avoids a thorny negotiation over Archer's definition
of "trade-related". However, this may be only a short-term position, since Republicans and the
business community will unite in opposition to ambiguity. It may simply breed distrust and delay
an agreement. It will probably quickly drive us into a debate over "trade-related" or some variant
or cause us to forswear the inclusion of labor/environment provisions in trade agreements
altogether.
On balance, the Principals favor Option 1. They feel it is best to begin this negotiation at a
position that is close to, though not accepting, the position of the coalition you are likely to need
to succeed (many Republicans, the business community, swing Democrats). They feel parties will
lock into their positions quickly, once we have stated a view. A strongly postured position risks
spoiling the atmosphere and causing parties to take positions that will make agreement more
difficult. Option 1 does open you to charges you have accepted Archer's terms, but we can argue
these were the terms we proposed in 1994 - and we will insist on the negotiation of appropriate
side agreements. Option 2 draws a sharper contrast with the Republicans but (particularly if we
5
do not forswear labor/environment provisions on the trade agreement) may result in a more
extended negotiation from which we may ultimately accede to the Republican formulation. This
might actually hurt our efforts to secure swing Democrats.
Again, this should be seen as a starting position, subject to revision based on Hill consultations. In
particular, we need to get the impressions of Democratic supporters (Matsui) and key swing
Democrats (Rangel), who will be critical to building a successful coalition.
RECOMMENDATION
That you support the above approach.
Approve
Disapprove
Let's Discuss
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July 18/97
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USES OF FAST TRACK AUTHORITY
Our broad message regarding the uses of fast track authority should be built around three themes.
First, trade expansion has been a key element of the Clinton economic strategy that has created 12
1/2 million jobs, brought core inflation to a 30-year low and created sustained economic growth
that makes the United States the envy of the world. Second, as we enter the 21st Century, we
need to be in front of world trade opening efforts, not lagging behind and losing market
opportunities. Fast track is the critical tool allowing the President to pursue U.S. interests.
Third, fast track will advance a coherent trade strategy built around four Presidential initiatives:
FTAA/Latin America: As the hemisphere integrates, the U.S. must not be left behind.
Negotiating free trade with Chile is key to exerting American leadership in the FTAA
process.
APEC/Asia: We should build on APEC's success by negotiating sectoral agreements in
key areas that are springboards to global market opening (in the same way that the 1996
APEC Information Technology agreement led to the global agreement).
Africa: We would build on our Africa trade and investment initiative by indicating our
readiness to begin free trade talks with South Africa when it is ready.
Multilateral: We would continue a 50-year record of American leadership in the
GATT/WTO that has substantially lowered global trade barriers and contributed to a 90-
fold increase in world trade. Upcoming WTO talks in key areas like agriculture, services,
intellectual property right and government procurement offer large opportunities to reduce
foreign barriers, creating opportunities for American companies and workers.
The Principals also addressed other issues relating the uses of fast track:
Emphasis on Latin America: Despite NAFTA sensitivities in Congress, the Principals felt we
must forthrightly make the case for the FTAA and continued Latin American trade expansion, as
it is an integral part of our agenda and buttresses our broader themes of global leadership and
market opening. However, they recognized that talk of Latin trade can be used by fast track
opponents, who seek to make this debate a referendum on NAFTA. Our message therefore might
present less controversial negotiations first (e.g., sectoral agreements, which do not raise
labor/environment issues), then emphasize Latin American and other regional initiatives.
Additional Bilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTA's): Beyond Chile, Principals felt we should not
signal intention to conclude other Latin American FTA's during your Administration. This will
alleviate concerns about more controversial FTA's (e.g., Brazil) but, since it risks having our
agenda appear small, underscores the need to present Chile as part of a broader, hemispheric
process. Regarding Asia, the Principals do not favor negotiating free trade agreements,
preferring to focus on sectoral liberalization in APEC. Most countries would be too controversial
and/or are not ready for such talks (China, Japan, Korea). Australia and New Zealand have the
advantage of not presenting labor/environment problems, and Singapore has a relatively high per
2
capita income and is a gateway to ASEAN. However, Australia and New Zealand could draw
opposition from U.S. agriculture interests (e.g., dairy, sugar) and Singapore could draw
human/labor rights opposition. Therefore, we would indicate we have no present intention of
pursuing these talks. Of course, we would leave some flexibility for you to pursue negotiations
not presently envisioned, after Congressional consultation.
-
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June 16 197
MEMORANDUM
OF CALL
Previous editions usable
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TO:
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mack
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MESSAGE
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Bub 7 Hipose
Achieve victor -end
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DATE
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