Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
44169865
label
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to South America, October 1997 [3]
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
44169865
sourceUrl
contentType
document
title
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to South America, October 1997 [3]
citationUrl
collections
Records of the Office of the Special Envoy for the Americas (Clinton Administration)
Eric Farnsworth's files
largeImageUrl
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
44169865
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
otherTitles
42-t-40967294-20091155F-021-003-2016
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
f6f9b1b9b630de16
ocrText
Case Number: 2009-1155-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the Clinton Presidential
Library Staff.
Folder Title:
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to South
America, October 1997 [3]
Staff Office-Individual:
Special Envoy for the Americas-Farnsworth, Eric
Original OA/ID Number:
CF 1047
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
Stack:
26
6
7
1
V
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. memo
Antony Blinken and David Leavy to Samuel Berger, et al., re:
08/12/1997
P1/b(1)
Preliminary Communications Plan for the President's Trip to South
America (8 pages)
002a. memo
Peter Allgeier to Jim Dobbins and Lael Brainard, re: Possible
08/08/1997
P1/b(1)
Mercosur Meeting during POTUS Trip (1 page)
002b. email
James Dobbins to National Security Advisor, re: Meeting with
08/04/1997
P1/b(1)
Barshefsky (2 pages)
002c. memo
Eric Farnsworth to Mack McLarty, re: Planning for October Trip to
07/14/1997
P1/b(1)
South America (1 page)
003. memo
Eric Farnsworth to Mack McLarty, re: Planning for October Trip to
07/14/1997
P1/b(1)
South America (1 page)
004. memo
James Dobbins to Samuel Berger, re: Planning for the October Trip to
07/11/1997
P1/b(1)
South America (2 pages)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
Farnsworth, Eric
OA/Box Number: CF 1047
FOLDER TITLE:
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to
South America, October 1997 [3]
2009-1155-F
ke2543
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA|
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA|
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
IMMEDIATE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 01 OF 04
PRT: FUERTH MCLARTY
SIT: DELAURENTIS DESOUZA DOBBINS HOFMANNK PICCONE VP
SIT: NSC
<PREC> IMMEDIATE <CLAS> UNCLASSIFIED <DTG> 051231Z SEP 97
FM AMEMBASSY BRASILIA
1
Eric
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 8669
2
INFO RHEHNSC/NSC WASHDC IMMEDIATE
Andrew
RUEHIA/USIA WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0879
RHEHAAA/WHITE HOUSE WASHDC IMMEDIATE
3
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 BRASILIA 004066
WHITE HOUSE FOR NPR / LISA MALLORY
Nalson potus travel
NSC PASS TO OVP - LEON FUERTH
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: OVIP, PREL, KTIA, KSMI, EAID, BR
SUBJECT: DELIVERABLE FOR PRESIDENTIAL VISIT: AGREEMENT FOR
COOPERATION ON REINVENTING GOVERNMENT
REF: (A) BRASILIA 3735 (B) BRASILIA 3556
(C) MALLORY-FEATHERSTONE 8/27 TELCON
1. ACTION REQUEST: AMBASSADOR REQUESTS DEPARTMENT'S
GUIDANCE ON PROPOSED AGREEMENT (TO BE SIGNED, IF POSSIBLE,
ON OCTOBER 14 DURING PRESIDENT CLINTON'S VISIT) FOR USG-GOB
TECHNICAL COOPERATION ON REINVENTING GOVERNMENT. PER
AGREEMENT, NATIONAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW (NPR) WOULD IDENTIFY
EXPERTS FROM USG AGENCIES WHO COULD SHARE WITH THE
BRAZILIANS THEIR EXPERIENCES IN REINVENTING GOVERNMENT. NPR
CHIEF OF STAFF LISA MALLORY INDICATED IN REF C TELCON WITH
EMBASSY POLOFF THAT NPR WOULD BE SATISFIED WITH TEXT IN
PARA 3 (WHICH IS A REVISED VERSION OF TEXT IN REFTEL A)
BRAZIL'S MINISTRY FOR FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION AND STATE
REFORM (MARE) ALSO ACCEPTS THE REVISED TEXT; WE ARE NOW
WAITING FOR STATE DEPARTMENT AND FOREIGN MINISTRY
CONCURRENCE.
2. AMBASSADOR BELIEVES IT WOULD BE VERY POSITIVE TO HAVE A
"REINVENTING GOVERNMENT" AGREEMENT SIGNED OR ANNOUNCED
DURING THE PRESIDENT'S VISIT. THE COOPERATION WOULD CARRY
(AT LITTLE COST) A GREAT DEAL OF SYMBOLIC AND PUBLIC
RELATIONS VALUE, DRAWING ATTENTION TO THE DESIRE SHARED BY
BOTH NATIONS (AND ADMINISTRATIONS) TO MAKE GOVERNMENT MORE
EFFICIENT AND RESPONSIVE.
-
3. PLEASE ADVISE.
4. BEGIN REVISED TEXT OF PROPOSED AGREEMENT:
UNCLASSIFIED
IMMEDIATE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 02 OF 04
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC
OF BRAZIL AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ON COOPERATION IN THE AREA OF STATE REFORM AND MODERNIZATION
OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS THE "PARTIES")',
RECOGNIZING, WITH GREAT SATISFACTION, THE EXCELLENT LEVEL OF
BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES, PARTICULARLY
IN THE AREA OF TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION;
RECOGNIZING THE PRIORITY PLACED BY BOTH STATES ON SHARING
EXPERIENCES IN THE AREA OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION,
PRINCIPALLY IN THE AREA OF STATE REFORM AND MODERNIZATION;
CONSIDERING THE COMMON DIRECTION OF EFFORTS BY BOTH
COUNTRIES TO BUILD A TRANSPARENT, EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, RESULT-ORIENTED TO MEET THE DEMANDS
OF THEIR CLIENTS AND USERS;
CONSIDERING THE INTEREST IN MECHANISMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL AND
SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATING PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS,
AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING:
ARTICLE I
THE PARTIES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS IN
EFFECT IN EACH COUNTRY, COMMIT TO DEVELOPING TECHNICAL
COOPERATION ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF STATE REFORM AND
MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.
ARTICLE II
THE PARTIES AGREE TO DEFINE A SET OF GOALS AND PRIORITIES
FOR COOPERATION BY MEANS OF ANNUAL PLANS.
ARTICLE III
THE PARTIES WILL CONSTITUTE A BILATERAL COMMITTEE
(HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AS THE "COMMITTEE") WITH THE
MISSION OF PREPARING AND IMPLEMENTING THE ANNUAL COOPERATION
PLANS:
A) THE COMMITTEE WILL BE COMPOSED OF AN IDENTICAL NUMBER OF
SENIOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, DESIGNATED BY EACH SIDE, NOT TO
EXCEED THREE FROM EACH PARTY;
UNCLASSIFIED
IMMEDIATE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 03 OF 04
B) MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE WILL BE NAMED, RESPECTIVELY, BY
THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND STATE REFORM
(MARE) IN BRAZIL AND THE NATIONAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OFFICE
IN THE UNITED STATES;
C) THE COMMITTEE WILL BE IN PERMANENT CONTACT THROUGH THE
INTERNET OR OTHER WORLDWIDE NETWORK FOR DATA TRANSMISSION;
UNCLAS SECTION 02 OF 02 BRASILIA 004066
WHITE HOUSE FOR NPR / LISA MALLORY
NSC PASS TO OVP - LEON FUERTH
E.O. 12958: N/A
TAGS: OVIP, PREL, KTIA, KSMI, EAID, BR
SUBJECT: DELIVERABLE FOR PRESIDENTIAL VISIT: AGREEMENT FOR
COOPERATION ON REINVENTING GOVERNMENT
D) THE COMMITTEE WILL MEET PERIODICALLY AS DEEMED NECESSARY
BY ITS MEMBERS. MEETINGS WILL ALTERNATE IN THE CAPITALS OF
THE PARTIES;
E) THE COMMITTEE WILL ESTABLISH ITS OWN RULES AND SCHEDULE
OF ACTIVITIES, AND WILL BE ABLE TO CREATE, WITHIN ITS AREA
OF RESPONSIBILITY, SPECIALIZED TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS;
F) THE COMMITTEE WILL BE ABLE TO INVITE INDIVIDUALS AND/OR
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS TO PARTICIPATE IN ITS
MEETINGS.
ARTICLE IV
EACH OF THE PARTIES, FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EFFORTS
DESCRIBED ABOVE, AGREE TO FACILITATE THE VISITS OF
SPECIALISTS FROM THE OTHER PARTY, DESIGNATED BY COMMON
AGREEMENT, AS WELL AS THE EXCHANGE OF REPORTS, DOCUMENTS AND
BIBLIOGRAPHIC MATERIAL, AS THEIR RESOURCES PERMIT.
ARTICLE V
COSTS INCURRED BY THE EXCHANGE OF SPECIALISTS DESCRIBED IN
ARTICLE III OF THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS:
A) THE SENDING PARTY WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAVEL
EXPENSES OF ITS SPECIALISTS;
B) THE RECEIVING PARTY WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ROOM AND
BOARD EXPENSES OF THE SPECIALISTS.
ARTICLE VI
UNCLASSIFIED
IMMEDIATE
UNCLASSIFIED
WHITE HOUSE SITUATION ROOM
PAGE 04 OF 04
1. EACH OF THE PARTIES WILL NOTIFY THE OTHER OF THE
FULFILLMENT OF THE NECESSARY LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR APPROVAL
OF THIS AGREEMENT, WHICH WILL ENTER INTO FORCE ON THE DATE
OF RECEIPT OF THE SECOND OF THESE NOTIFICATIONS AND WILL
REMAIN IN FORCE FOR A PERIOD OF THREE'YEARS, RENEWABLE,
TACITLY, FOR PERIODS OF THREE YEARS. EACH PARTY WILL BE
ABLE TO CANCEL THE AGREEMENT AT ANY TIME, WITH SIX MONTHS'
ADVANCE NOTICE.
2. CANCELLATION DOES NOT RELIEVE THE PARTIES OF COMMITMENTS
TO PROJECTS UNDERWAY.
3. CHANGES TO THIS AGREEMENT ENTER INTO FORCE BY MEANS OF
THE PROCEDURE DESCRIBED IN PARAGRAPH ONE OF THIS ARTICLE.
DONE IN BRASILIA, ON THE
DAY OF OCTOBER 1997, IN
PORTUGUESE AND ENGLISH VERSIONS WHICH ARE EQUALLY
AUTHORITATIVE.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL:
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
END TEXT
LEVITSKY
<^SECT>SECTION: 01 OF 02
<^SSN>4066
<^TOR>970905090249 M2917449
<^SECT>SECTION: 02 OF 02
<^SSN>4066
<MSGID> M2917449
UNCLASSIFIED
CC: Eric
ana Maria
September 3, 1997
INFORMATION
MEMORANDUM FOR MACK MCLARTY
FROM:
PATRICK DESOUZA
Brazil potus file trys
SUBJECT:
U.S.- Brazil Education Initiative
Attached are the following documents which were produced during
Minister Souza's visit August 18-19th:
Memorandum of Understanding - Two year framework with
automatic renewals; The MOU establishes a Education
Partnership Implementation Commission (EPIC) which will be
used to monitor progress in the initiatives set forth in the
Annex.
Annex - Five areas of cooperation; A significant portion of
the agenda focuses on the integration of technology with
education, especially through internet distribution of
content. Also important are initiatives in the areas of
standards and testing, exchanges and business, community and
family involvement.
Declaration - strikes themes with which the President has led
the way in the U.S. context over the last five years. The
declaration also allows for broader themes to be developed
with respect to information technology which allows the
President to leverage other initiatives such as electronic
commerce.
The outcome allows the President to project his leadership in
education and technology on the October trip and sets-up the
major initiatives for the Santiago Summit. Education as an
economic message of preparing our citizens for the global
economy of the 21st century will be compatible with both the Sao
Paulo stop (businesses need productive citizens) and the Rio
stop (alleviation of poverty).
Jim Dobbins met with Paulo Renato while he was here in
Washington.
Attachment
Tab A Documents (MOU, Annex, Political Declaration)
DRAFT
8/19/97
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
ON EDUCATION
BETWEEN THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND THE
GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL
1. Within the framework of the Agreement effected by exchange of notes on the
"Education Commission for Educational Exchange and Financing of Exchange
Programs," that entered into force on October 19, 1966, and the Agreement between the
United States of America and the Federative Republic of Brazil relating to "Cooperation
in Science and Technology," that entered into force May 15, 1986, and was extended on
January 30, 1996, the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the
Government of the United States of America, hereinafter referred to as the "Parties."
agree to implement a "Partnership for Education" through this Memorandum of
Understanding.
2. The Parties intend to enhance and expand cooperative efforts in education
within the following framework:
A. The implementation of this Memorandum will be subject to the constitutions
and applicable laws and regulations of the respective countries, and will be subject to the
availability of appropriated funds in the respective countries. Within this framework, the
Parties will make every effort to promote favorable conditions for the fulfillment of this
cooperation and these exchanges.
B. The Parties will attempt to identify new areas for joint activities in the field of
education and wherever appropriate to strengthen or expand existing programs.
3. In carrying out this Memorandum, the Parties in particular intend to:
A. Encourage and facilitate closer relationships between their respective federal,
state and local education agencies and offices, schools and school systems, post-
secondary institutions, appropriate educational organizations, other educational entities,
and private sector establishments involved in education in the two countries; and
B. Encourage mutually beneficial educational activities involving policy makers,
researchers, scholars, faculty members, teachers, educational administrators, and other
specialists.
C. The Parties intend to emphasize the following topics in their cooperative
activities: effective uses of technologies in education; activities aimed at ensuring that
every child learns through educational standards, assessments, and indicators;
strengthening preparation of
teachers and school managers; increasing educational exchanges; and enhancing family,
community and business involvement in education.
4. Specific mutually agreed-upon activities to be undertaken pursuant to this
Memorandum are included in the Annex. Additional annexes may provide for new
activities as mutually agreed upon by the Parties.
5. The U.S. executive agency with primary responsibility for implementing this
Memorandum is the Department of Education, in consultation with the Department of
State and the United States Information Agency, the Agency for International
Development, the National Science Foundation, and the National Endowment for the
Humanities. The executive agency of the Federative Republic of Brazil with primary
responsibility for implementing this Memorandum is the Ministry of Education and
Sports. in consultation with the Ministry of External Relations, the Ministry of Science
and Technology, and the Ministry of Communications. Other agencies may be invited to
participate in this Partnership on both sides.
6. The Parties establish an Education Partnership Implementation Commission
(EPIC) in which the representatives of the Parties will meet periodically to review
progress made in implementing programs in each of the five major substantive areas that
make up the Partnership. The preparation for such meetings, their timing and their
agendas will be established through diplomatic channels.
7. Unless otherwise agreed. each Party and executive agency shall bear the costs
of its participation.
8. This Memorandum shall take effect upon signature and remain in force until
December 31, 1999, after which it will be automatically extended for successive two-year
periods unless one Party notifies the other in writing of the termination thereof no later
than June 30, 1999, or thereafter not less than six months prior to the expiration of any
such two-year period.
DONE at Brasilia
on
In duplicate, in the English and Portuguese
languages, both texts being equally authentic.
I
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL
DRAFT 8/19/97
ANNEX
In the implementation of the Memorandum of Understanding, the Parties have agreed on
the following activities for the period November 1, 1997 through December 31, 1999.
Technology in Education
1. The Parties will put forward their best efforts to facilitate cooperative development,
testing and evaluation of both new and existing technologies, in order to share knowledge
on how they can best be used to enhance learning and communication. The Parties
recognize that education and the development of a modern information infrastructure are
the keys to the future in promoting economic growth and opportunity.
These efforts will be implemented through activities such as the following:
2. Launch a dialogue with the private sector in both countries on developing a range of
solutions for using technology in the classroom.
3. Exchange research and evaluation findings on the impact and effectiveness of
technology in education on student learning and work to engage the private sector in
holding meetings of experts on the effectiveness of distance learning and computer-based
instruction.
4. Cooperate on the parallel development, deployment, and evaluation of applications
and tools for the Next Generation Internet Initiative (NGII) through training human
resources, installing, as appropriate, state-of-the-art equipment and software, and
implementing high bandwidth testbed experiments. Both governments will work to
expand the collaboration of the education and science communities in these research and
education efforts.
5. Seek to create a jointly sponsored internet-based site on the languages and cultures of
Brazil and the United States. The internet site, to be developed by teacher training
universities in Brazil and the United States, would be designed to make accessible in one
place standards-related teaching materials on two languages and cultures to facilitate
substantive interaction between Brazilian and American teachers.
6. Explore ways to link United Sstates and Brazilian classrooms, teachers and students
using computer and telecommunications technology. This might include a launch of an
internet-based teachers forum and/or the expansion of an international, internet-based
student network such as Project GLOBE. Explore possibilities of creating shared
repositories of internet-based courseware.
7. Take steps to facilitate the establishment of United States-Brazil school-to-school
relationships among leaders in specific aspects of technology.
8. Cooperate to facilitate learning of both English and Portuguese as second languages
(ESL and PSL), through the use of technology.
Educational Standards. Assessments and Indicators
9. Jointly convene a policy dialogue on establishing educational standards in
decentralized systems. Invite policy makers and other experts from Brazil and the United
States, from the national and state levels, to share experiences in establishing standards.
10. Engage in cooperative efforts to review and facilitate development of standards-
based student assessment, by sharing experiences and technical expertise on national-
level design and implementation of large scale assessments to evaluate student
performance, in the context of helping all children to reach the standards.
11. Work cooperatively to develop world-class systems of education statistics and
indicators compatible with existing (OECD and UNESCO) international indicator efforts.
12. Engage in joint research and study about enhancing reading and mathematics
achievement in the early grades.
13. Exchange information and technical experts to facilitate the participation of both
countries in the next round of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study
(TIMSS).
Strengthening Professional Development of Teachers and School Managers
14. Initiate a dialogue about improving programs for the preparation of teachers and
school managers.
15. Explore with appropriate authorities, including at the state level, the feasibility of
establishing exchanges of United States and Brazilian primary and/or secondary school
teachers of English and Portuguese as second languages, to strengthen the language and
cultural skills of these teachers and build the capacity of local communities in both
countries to provide appropriate instructional programs.
16. Cooperate to improve the teaching and learning of science.
17. Exchange and jointly evaluate designs and methodology of professional development
for teachers, including programs delivered through distance learning.
18. Exchange information and explore the possibility of conducting joint research on
training principals to implement school-based management.
Increasing Educational Exchanges Between the United States and Brazil
19. Establish an exchange program for United States and Brazilian students majoring in
mutually agreed upon academic areas, such as engineering and technology, to spend up to
one calendar year in our respective countries attending classes and interning in firms
related to their areas of study.
20. Establish methods for enhancing institutional linkages between United States and
Brazilian universities and other educational institutions to enhance the mobility of faculty
and students and promote mutual recognition of credits and studies.
21. Hold a seminar in Brazil for United States university faculty members and/or school
teachers to enhance an interdisciplinary understanding of Brazilian culture. Hold a
seminar in the United States for Brazilian professors and/or school teachers to enhance an
interdisciplinary understanding of United States culture.
Enhancing Business, Community and Family Involvement in Education
22. Establish a dialogue and facilitate consultation by experts to share practical
experiences in strengthening the involvement of businesses, communities and families in
education, and, explore avenues for encouraging expansion of school-business
partnerships to improve the quality of education.
Further Activities
23. The Parties, in consultation with appropriate agencies, may engage in other activities
to carry out the purposes of this Memorandum of Understanding as may be agreed upon
by the Parties through exchange of letters.
THE UNITED STATES-BRAZIL PARTNERSHIP FOR EDUCATION
1. We the Presidents of the United States and Brazil recognize that a new reality is
reshaping the world and that our citizens must be prepared to meet the challenges of a
globalized world in the 21st century. Education is the key to the future. We
recognize that working together we will harness inevitable change to the benefit of
families in our countries.
2. Literacy and a first-class educational foundation are critical determinants to the well-
being of our citizens, the strength of our economies, and preserving the values we as
democratically-elected leaders hold dear.
3. Skilled and educated people are the foundations of strong democracies and market
economies. We must, therefore. ask more of our educational systems than ever
before. Our governments have similar initiatives promoting the development of
modern information infrastructures that will facilitate economic growth and will be
the foundation of new ways to teach and learn. Our students must be able to compete
in a new and constantly-changing job market. This requires access to life-long
learning programs and the ability to participate in and benefit from varied cultures
outside our borders; and process and organize more and disparate information than
ever before. Education is needed to participate actively and knowledgeably in
democratic, plural and diverse societies.
4. The democracies of our hemisphere, which will take part in the next Summit of the
Americas to be held next April in Santiago, agree that education must be a central
element in our shared agenda. Bearing in mind the urgency of prompt, effective action,
as a top priority we have separately launched, within our respective countries, new
initiatives to raise the quality of education, particularly in the primary and secondary
levels.
5. And together, today, we hereby establish the United States-Brazil Partnership for
Education. Expanding exchanges, upgrading standards, enhancing teacher training,
increasing participation by the family, community and business as well as incorporating
new technology underpin our partnership.
Cooperation in the Development and Use of Technologies in Education
6. New technologies make possible the broad dissemination of information and permit
new teaching methods and practices such as distance learning and the use of
computers. In addition, students must also master new technologies in preparation for
a changing workplace and take part in economic development. We will take
advantage of technologies such as the Internet to broaden cultural and language
contacts for our students and teachers. We will jointly test and evaluate existing
technologies, and facilitate development of appropriate new technologies, while
engaging the private sector to assist with their introduction into the classroom.
Ensuring that Every Child Learns Through
Educational Standards, Assessments, and Indicators
7. Evaluating the performance of educational systems requires a clear definition of what
schools should teach and what students are expected to know, as well as effective
tools for measuring progress. Our governments will each establish standards for
student performance in key subjects at appropriate levels, as well as the means to
measure them. We will share experiences and information regarding progress on a
continuous basis.
Strengthening Preparation and Professional Development
of Teachers and School Managers
8. Excellent schools require excellent teachers and managers. We will seek to have
qualified, dedicated teachers in all classrooms, at all grades. To support this goal, we
will exchange experiences and evaluate alternative models for teacher preparation and
training for school management officials. We will especially consider ways to
improve training for science teachers of scientific disciplines at the primary and
secondary levels.
Increasing Educational Exchanges Between the United States and Brazil
9. Already sharing a wide array of public and private educational exchange programs,
the United States and Brazil will seek to expand exchanges at all levels, focusing on
the priorities in this declaration. We will utilize existing and new mechanisms to
establish a student exchange program for university students in mutually agreed areas
such as engineering and technology. We will also consider a program of exchanges
for language teachers to strengthen language skills and cultural ties between our
countries. To assist private programs, we will explore methods for linking
institutions to promote mutual recognition of educational credits.
Enhancing Family, Community, and Business Involvement in Education
10. Opportunities for learning extend beyond the formal classroom. Parents, family
members, employers, employees, older students, and volunteers can effectively
participate in the education of children, especially in l'literacy enhancement. We re-
affirm that the private sector is partner in education and will promote its involvement
in such areas as combatting illiteracy and student dropout rates and enhancing school
administration and overall school development
Implementing the Partnership
11. Finally, to ensure our partnership is vigorously implemented. we hereby establish the
Education Partnership Implementation Commission (EPIC). Through regular
meetings, EPIC will monitor implementation of actions outlined in the annex to the
Memorandum of Understanding. to which our governments subscribe today, as well as
periodically formulate new actions. In furtherance of the precepts set forth in this
Declaration, EPIC will also seek participation of the private sector and members of
the public in implementation of this agreement. Working together, we will reinforce
our common resolve, deepen our bonds of friendship, and prepare our children for the
coming century.
SMALL BUSINESS INESS
U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRA 1953
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20416
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
I
Nalion
Octiol
]
Androw
September 10, 1997
Memorandum for:
Thomas F. McLarty
poins
Counselor to the President
Special Envoy for the Americas
trys
From:
Aida Alvarez, Administrator
U.S. Small Business Administration
Anda Alvary
Re:
Proposed Speech on Small Business
I am writing to follow up on our conversation at the Fast Track briefing last week.
This memorandum requests your support for asking the President to deliver a speech on
small business during his upcoming trip to Latin America. I believe the speech could
serve to highlight three important points: 1) the importance of small business to the
American economy; 2) the role that a strong and growing small business sector can play
in economic and political development in Latin America; and 3) the increasing
opportunities for trade with Latin America by small businesses.
I met recently with Ron Scheman at the InterAmerican Development Bank. He is
also very supportive of having the President speak on the role that small- and medium-
sized businesses can play in economic and political development in Latin America. Ron
has connected the SBA to an organization in Latin America - Programa Bolivar - that
supports the development of the small business sector there. Programa Bolivar identifies
business opportunities for small- and medium-sized firms and provides direct assistance
in helping those firms find suitable partners in other countries. The Institute's structure
and services, including its network of offices throughout Latin America, resemble SBA's
nationwide operation, especially SBA's more than 1,000 Small Business Development
Centers.
As SBA is often noted for its comprehensive and effective services and programs
for small businesses, the Programa Bolivar has expressed an interest in working with the
SBA on joint ventures and on a strategy to assist U.S. small businesses in establishing
alliances with businesses in the Latin America countries. It is clear that such a
collaboration would benefit the economies of all the countries involved.
printed on recycled paper
SEP-10 97 16:16 FROM: 9
12024562464
TO: 2024562215
PAGE 02
SEP. 10. 1997
4:16PM
SBA ADMIN. OFFICE
NO.029
P.1/2
U.S. Small Business Administration
Fax Transmission Cover Sheet
Championing America's Entreprensure
To: Mac McLarty
Did you know the SBA
Organization: Counselor to the President
Has a portfolio guaranteeing over $29 billion in
loans to 200,000 small businesses that otherwise
Telephone: 456-2000
Fax: 456-2464
would not have had such access to capital?
Guaranteed over 52,700 loans totaling $10
Date: 09-10-97
billion to America's small businesses in fiscal
year 19967
Number of Pages (including this page): 2pp
Last year extended management and technical
assistance to nearly 850,000 small businesses
From: Paul Weech
through its 950 Small Business Development
Centers and 13,000 Service Corps of Retired
Office: Chief of Staff
Executives volunteers?
Provided more than 38,000 loans totaling $987
Telephone: 456-6682
Fax: 456-6802
million to disaster victims for residential,
Message:
personal property, as well as business losses in
fiscal year 1996?
Proposed Speech on Small Business
Has 7,000 private scotor lenders as partners
providing their capital to small business?
Has increased its venture capital program with
more private capital in the past two years than in
the previous 15 years combined?
Provides loan guarantees and technical assistance
to small business exporters through U.S. Export
Assistance Centers is 15 cities?
Can be contacted through the SBA Home Page
on the Internet (http://www.sba.gov)?
Can respond to written small business questions
through the U.S. Business Advisor on the
Internet (http://www.business.gov)?
Did you know that America's
22 million small businesses
Employ more than 50 percent of the private
workforce,
Generate more than half of the nation's Gross
Domestic Product, and
Are the principal source of new jobs?
SBA Form 959 (3/97) Previous editions obsolete
Pederal Recying Program
Printed on Regycled Paper
PAGE 03
12024562464
TO: 2024562215
EP-10-97 16:16 FROM:9
SEP.10.1997
4:17PM
SBA ADMIN. OFFICE
NO.029
P.2/2
RUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION
U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20416
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
September 10, 1997
Memorandum for:
Thomas F. McLarty
Counselor to the President
Special Envoy for the Americas
From:
Aida Alvarez. Administrator
U.S. Small Business Administration
Re:
Proposed Speech on Small Business
I am writing to follow up on our conversation at the Fast Track briefing last week.
This memorandum requests your support for asking the President to deliver a speech on
small business during his upcoming trip to Latin America. 1 believe the speech could
serve to highlight three important points: 1) the importance of small business to the
American economy; 2) the role that a strong and growing small business sector can play
in economic and political development in Latin America; and 3) the increasing
opportunities for trade with Latin America by small businesses.
I met recently with Ron Scheman at the InterAmerican Development Bank. He is
also very supportive of having the President speak on the mie that small- and medium-
sized businesses can play in economic and political development in Latin America. Ron
has connected the SBA to an organization in Latin America - Programa Bolivar - that
supports the development of the small business sector there. Programa Bolivar identifies
business opportunities for small- and medium-sized firms and provides direct assistance
in helping those firms find suitable partners in other countries. The Institute's structure
and services, including its network of offices throughout Latin America, resemble SBA's
nationwide operation, especially SBA's more than 1,000 Small Business Development
Centers.
As SBA is often noted for its comprehensive and effective services and programs
for small businesses, the Programa Boliver has expressed an interest in working with the
SBA on joint ventures and on a strategy to assist U.S. small businesses in establishing
alliances with businesses in the Latin America countries. It is clear that such a
collaboration would benefit the economies of all the countries involved.
printed on recycled paper
INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
MEMORANDUM
poius terry
FILE CLASSIFICATION: Lip9.10
DATE: September 10, 1997
TO
: David Lipton, Assistant Secretary
I
Nelson
:
Mack McLarty, Special Assistant to the President
Andrew
CC
Amb. Jeffrey Davidow, Assistant Secretary
Amb. James Dobbins, Special Assistant to the President
OFFIC
3
Mark Schneider, Asst. Administrator
William Schuerch, DAS
FROM
:
L. Ronald Scheman, US EXD
SUBJECT
:
President Clinton's Mission to Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela
Attached is a short summary of IDB activities in Argentina, Brazil and
Venezuela as background for the President's impending trip to those countries. As you can
see, the programs are large and comprehensive with annual approvals exceeding a billion
dollars each in Argentina and Brazil.
There is additional information on specific sector programs that may be
relevant depending on the bi-lateral agenda. If that is of interest, please advise me of the
major agenda items and Cabinet members that may participate in bi-lateral meetings and we
will prepare special sectoral reports on the substance of the Bank's projects and the ways that
may be helpful furthering US policy goals.
ARGENTINA
Relations with the Inter-American Development Bank
BANK STRATEGY
The IDB's strategy for Argentina targets the government's commitment to improve efficiency
within all levels of government:
The Bank is providing financial support in excess of $1 billion per year to foster
economic and state reform, especially at the provincial and municipal levels. Loans are
specifically targeted at provincial fiscal adjustment, improving health care, education,
housing and sanitation and socioeconomic infrastructure to complement private
investment and facilitate more modern production systems.
History: Since the inception of operations, the Bank has approved roughly $10 billion in 177
loans for Argentina. The Bank's annual approvals for Argentina in 1991-96 averaged more than
$1 billion (up from an annual average of $346 million from 1985-89). The current total is 37
loans in execution to Argentina totaling $6.3 billion, approximately 14% of the Bank's debt
portfolio. During 1991-6, the loans were initially focused on supporting structural reforms in the
public sector, privatizing public enterprises, restructuring external debt, and opening up the
country's investment climate. The loans since 1993 have been largely for investment projects in
the social and productive sectors and, to a lesser degree, to consolidate the reform of the State.
The financial crisis of early 1995 created a pressing need for fast-disbursing funds, and the bank
responded quickly by approving two operations: $750 million to the strained banking system and
$450 million targeted to protect social programs for the poor from budget cuts.
Project Portfolio: The bulk of the Bank's outstanding portfolio to Argentina consists of
investment projects and 29 technical cooperations. From 1991-96, the sector distribution of
loans was as follows:
Reform of the State (48%)
Social Sectors (30%)
Productive Sectors (22%)
Social Sector and Environment Activities: Given its recent high-unemployment, projects
aimed at reducing poverty have been a high priority. The bank has also been working with the
government authorities on sustainable environmental projects as an integral part of the bank's
overall strategy for Argentina. Some recently approved projects supporting these sectors are:
National Plan for Youth Productivity and Employment. $370 million loan to create
emergency jobs for the poorest of the unemployed and to provide for school retention
scholarships, training and guidance for job placement.
Potable Water and Sewage in Santa Fe. $85 million loan to improve the water and
sanitation conditions in the province of Santa Fe.
Small Business. A major $300 million loan to Banco Inversion y Commercio Exterior
(Argentina's Export-Import Bank) to support small and medium-sized enterprises.
Project Pipeline: The IDB's 1997/1999 project pipeline for Argentina currently consists of some
25 proposals, totaling roughly $3.2 billion. Below are two of the larger programs expected to
come before the Board in 1997:
Reclamation Mantanza-Riachuelo Program for the decontamination of the major river in
the Federal Capital (greater Buenos Aires). Proposed IDB funding: $250 million.
Major Cities Program Plan for comprehensive urban development, including institutional
development and investments for the cities of Cordoba, Mendoza, Rosario, and Tucuman.
Proposed IDB funding: $260 million.
Sector Activity: IDB lending to Argentina has been allocated to the following sectors:
Agriculture (3%)
Education (7%)
Energy (2%)
Reform of the State (40%)
Sanitation (10%)
Science & Technology (2%)
Social Investment (13%)
Transportation (7%)
Urban Development & Housing (5%)
BRAZIL
Relations with the Inter-American Development Bank
Bank Strategy
The IDB's strategy for Brazil focuses on three priority areas of action in the Government's
development program. These are:
*
Opening the economy through improvements in productive infrastructure;
*
Addressing socioeconomic inequities and poverty alleviation by increasing the
effectiveness of social spending; and
*
Modernization and strengthening of the state at the federal and sub-federal levels;
History: Brazil is the IDB's largest borrower. Since its inception in 1961, the Bank has
approved $14.1 billion in loans to Brazil, and has disbursed $8.8 billion. Outstanding loans were
$3.6 billion at end-1996, or 13.8% of total lending by the IDB. The IDB is financing major
urban renewal programs in Brazil focusing on the poorest and most vulnerable populations.
Projects include: a project to provide one-third of Rio de Janciro's slum dwellers with full urban
services, including day care centers, an urban development in Parana which aims to develop
municipal capacity to mobilize private sector capital through local banks and access to bond
markets, a favela improvement project in Sao Paulo, and a program to help children and
adolescents living in poverty in Ceara. On the energy front, the Bank, along with the World
Bank, is playing a key role in financing the $2.3 billion Brazil-Bolivia gas pipeline project.
Project Portfolio: The Bank assists Brazil not only with loans but with a large array of small
projects and technical cooperation. As of July 31, 1997, the Bank's active portfolio with Brazil
consists of 38 loans, 47 technical cooperation grants, and 10 small projects. The Bank's portfolio
is performing satisfactorily with only one loan experiencing a delay.
Environmental and Transportation Activities: The IDB has ambitious programs focusing on
decontamination of urban waterways with a strong impact on the health of surrounding urban
populations. Projects underway include clean-up of major water systems in Sao Paulo ($302
million), Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro ($350 million), the port of Bahia Todos os Santos, and
flood control in Campinas. In addition, the Bank is implementing major road rehabilitation and
expansion projects, including a private concession on Sao Paulo's yellow road and linking the
Sao Paulo-Florianopolis highway with the Curitiba-Uruguay highway. The two latter projects
directly support MERCOSUR integration.
Project Pipeline: The IDB's 1997/99 project pipeline for Brazil currently consists of 28
projects, including, among the most important:
Basic education and technical vocational training. Proposed IDB funding: $250 million.
16/01/60.
18:18
202 623 3612
TID U.S. OFFICE
-2- - -
*
National highways upgrading. Proposed IDB funding: $300 million. Loan would
upgrade 13,000 kilometers of national highways and turns over to states responsibility for
operation and maintenance;
*
Interconnection of the north-south electricity grid. Proposed IDB funding: $300 million.
Photo-Opportunities in Bank-supported Projects:
*
Visit Bank's grant program for disadvantaged children and adolescents in Rio de Janeiro
($8 million) aimed at street children and adolescents in especially difficult circumstances.
The grant establishes temporary homes for street children, centers for teenage mothers,
and recovery centers for minors addicted to drugs.
*
Visit the Bank's favela improvement project in Sao Paulo which is providing new
housing for 11,000 families.
*
The Bank has sponsored a pioneering Woman Leadership Training Center in Rio de
Janeiro with a Brazilian NGO administering the program.
*
Meet with members of the Bank's Community Solidarity program to discuss ways in
which the civil society organizations help deliver essential social services.
Sector Activity: IDB lending to Brazil has focused on the following sectors:
*
Transportation (24%)
*
Sanitation (20%)
Urban development and housing (20%)
*
Modernization of the state (8%)
*
Environmental protection (7%)
*
Tourism (5%)
*
Health (5%)
*
Industry (4%)
*
Science & technology (2%)
*
Agriculture (2%)
*
Education (1%)
*
Social investment (1%)
VENEZUELA
Relations with the Inter-American Development Bank
Bank Strategy
The IDB's strategy for Venezuela focuses on three priority areas of the government's
development agenda:
Macroeconomic stability and structural reforms to strengthen public sector efficiency,
including social security and public sector reform including the decentralization process.
Increase the efficiency of social expenditure in education and health and increasing the
participation of state and municipal governments and the private sector in providing
services in the social sectors.
Improve productivity of the non-petroleum economy through the investment in
infrastructure and redefining the role of the state, opening sectors to private investment
and strengthening the regulatory and supervisory capacity of the public sector.
History: Since the inception of operations, the Bank has approved 64 loans for Venezuela,
totaling $3.645 billion. During the period 1974-1982, Venezuela, voluntarily, did not request
any loans from the Bank. The Bank's annual approvals for Venezuela in 1991-1996 averaged
more than $280 million (slightly up from an annual average of $223 million from 1985-90).
Currently, there are 22 loans in execution to Venezuela totaling US 1.9 billion, approximately
4.2 % of the Bank's debt portfolio. The loans since 1990 have been for investment projects in
the social, infrastructure and productive sectors.
Project Portfolio: The Bank's outstanding portfolio to Venezuela consist of investment projects,
the improvement of tax and custom administration, banking supervision and budget formulation
and execution. In addition, the portfolio includes 27 technical coopcration. From 1991-1996, the
sector distribution for loans was as follows:
Social Sectors (28%)
Reform of State (70%)
Social Sector and Environment Activities: The Bank has been working with the authorities in
improving the social expenditure in health and education, by decentralization of services and
strengthening of supervisory capacity. Authorities have been working with the bank on
sustainable environmental projects - two for water and sewage (Potable Water for the Central
Region, Water Sector Modernization Program), one for the sanitation of Lake Valencia and one
to protect watersheds in the Andean region.
Project Pipeline: The IDB's 1997/1998 project pipeline for Venezuela consists of 7 projects for
Board approval totaling US$ 750 million. The portfolio includes an innovative pilot operation in
the social sector, a project to support the development of alternative solutions to social problems
097 10/97
18:19
202 623 3012
1121)
through civil society, and a program to consolidate the child and young orchestral system. The
largest program expected to come before the Board in 1997 is:
Social Security Reform This sectoral program will support the reform of the social
security system, including the reform of the pension, health and unemployment
insurance systems. The operation will encompass the development of the supervisory
framework of the new system.
Bolivar Program for Small and Medium Enterprises Establishment of regional network of
contacts to foster SMEs among Latin countries as well as cross-partnerships between
industrial and Latin small and medium enterprises.
Sector Activity
Agriculture (18%)
Education (7%)
Energy (24%)
Environmental Protection (2%)
Health (7%)
Forestry (3%)
Transportation (13%)
Reform of the State (2%)
Water and Sanitation (11%)
Science and Technology (2%)
Social Investment (4%)
Urban Development and Housing (2%)
Financial sector (4%)
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. memo
Antony Blinken and David Leavy to Samuel Berger, et al., re:
08/12/1997
P1/b(1)
Preliminary Communications Plan for the President's Trip to South
America (8 pages)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
Farnsworth, Eric
OA/Box Number: CF 1047
FOLDER TITLE:
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to
South America, October 1997 [3]
2009-1155-F
ke2543
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA|
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA|
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA|
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA|
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Anarew
Erid
Nelson
CASE
CASE CORPORATION
Braizel
1825 EYE STREET NW
SUITE 400
WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA
TEL (202) 429-2010
trun
FAX: (202) 429-2087
Hand-Delivered
August 12, 1997
The Honorable Thomas F. (Mack) McLarty
Counselor to the President and Special Envoy for the Americas
The White House
Washington, DC 20500
Attention: Anna Duque, Scheduler
Dear Mr. McLarty:
I read yesterday with great interest about the President and Mrs. Clinton's possible visit to Brazil this
October. Today, Case Corporation, announced the formation of a Latin American agricultural equipment
unit in Brazil which will invest $100 million over a 3-year period to manufacture large-scale, production
agricultural equipment. Case has sold its products in Brazil for 78 years and is the number one seller of
light-to-medium construction equipment there. I am writing to invite the President and Mrs. Clinton to
visit one of our Brazilian facilities during their October visit.
As you recall, Case Corporation, with revenues of $5.4 billion, is headquartered in Racine, Wisconsin,
and is a leading designer, manufacturer, and distributor of agricultural and construction equipment. The
company's products are sold through a network of approximately 4,900 independent dealers and
distributors in more than 150 countries. For example, our Sorocaba, Brazil facility has manufactured
loader/backhoes, wheel loaders, and excavators since 1977.
Enclosed please find today's press release by our company announcing the Latin American investment.
Also enclosed please find a 2-page summary on our company.
If possible, we would be honored to host the President and Mrs. Clinton at a Case facility in Brazil. If I
may be of any assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me at (202) 429-2010. I look forward to
hearing from you. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Joseph JOSBPH Director, E. Government SAMORA, E Samora Affairs JR.
JESJr/khm
Enclosures
For more information, contact:
William B. Masterson (414) 636-5793
For Immediate Release
CASE CORPORATION FORMS
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT UNIT IN LATIN AMERICA
Company Plans to Manufacture Case IH Agricultural Equipment in Brazil
Racine, Wisconsin (August 12, 1997) - Case Corporation announced
today that it will form a Latin American agricultural equipment unit and invest
up to approximately $100 million over the next three years to manufacture its
large-scale, production agricultural equipment in Brazil for the Latin American
market.
The announcement came as Case joined Brazil's automotive regime today
in a signing ceremony in the capital city of Brasilia. The automotive regime
enables manufacturers that are either producing in Brazil or have concrete
plans to do so to import products for substantially lower import tariffs.
"Demand for high-horsepower and large-scale agricultural equipment is
growing in Latin America as the region increases its role in meeting the rising
worldwide demand for food," said Jean-Pierre Rosso, Case chairman, president
and chief executive officer. "Our Case IH agricultural equipment will enable
farmers in Brazil, Argentina and other Latin American countries to increase
their productivity by utilizing the best technology, performance and reliability
available.
- more -
2/2/2/2
"Our phased investment plan in Latin America is another step in our
strategy to participate in emerging markets for our products worldwide that
offer opportunity for strong growth and earnings potential," Rosso said.
Latin America, led by Brazil and Argentina, is among the top 10
agricultural regions of the world, and its crops are particularly suited for Case
IH equipment. Brazil's major farm commodities are corn and soybeans. In
Argentina, wheat and soybeans are the primary crops
While Case has long exported agricultural equipment to Latin America,
sales have recently risen as more large-scale farms in the region practice
production agriculture. In 1996, retail unit sales of Case agricultural
equipment more than doubled in Latin America, with Brazil and Argentina
growing to almost half of the region's agricultural equipment sales. And, in the
first six months of 1997, retail unit sales of high horsepower tractors have
soared 87 percent while retail sales of combines have increased 60 percent.
"We have had a tremendous response from the farmers that are already
using our 100 - 425 horsepower tractors, and those using our Case IH Axial-
Flow combines have been extremely happy with the improved quality of their
harvested grain. We have exhibited in the region our Advanced Farming
System for precision farming and look forward to bringing this technology to
the market here," said Andrew Graves, vice president and general manager,
Latin America.
"We have already begun building a distribution network, and we're very
optimistic that we can add to our early success and become a leading supplier
of agricultural equipment in Brazil, Argentina, and throughout Latin America,"
Graves added.
Case is today the number one seller of light-to-medium construction
equipment in Brazil and in Latin America, and has done business in Brazil for
78 years. The company presently makes loader/backhoes, wheel loaders and
excavators in its Sorocaba, Brazil, facility, which opened in 1977.
- more -
3/3/3/3
Through its acquisition of Austoft Holdings Ltd. in 1996, Case also has a
joint venture in Brazil with the Ometto Group, Brastoft Maquinas E Sistemas
Agroindustriais SA, to make sugar cane harvesters and transport equipment.
The joint venture recently purchased a manufacturing plant in Piracicaba,
Brazil.
Case Corporation, with revenues of $5.4 billion in 1996, is
headquartered in Racine, Wisconsin, and is a leading worldwide designer,
manufacturer and distributor of agricultural and construction equipment. The
company's products are sold through a network of approximately 4,100
independent dealers and distributors in more than 150 countries. Case Credit
Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, services a portfolio of
$4.5 billion of agricultural and construction equipment financing and leasing
contracts.
###
CASE CORPORATION AT A GLANCE
MISSION
Case will lead the industry by providing its agricultural and construction equipment;
customers around the world with superior products and services that maximize their
productivity and success.
PROFILE
Case Corporation (NYSE:CSE) is one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural
and construction equipment, ranging from tractors and combines to loader/backhoes
and skid steers. Headquartered in Racine, Wisconsin, Case employs approximately
17,000 people worldwide. Case equipment is sold in approximately 150 countries
worldwide through a network of more than 4,100 independent dealers. With revenue
exceeding $5 billion, Case ranked 261 in the 1995 Fortune 500 list.
In 1996, Case net sales increased to $5.4 billion, net income rose to $349 million,
and operating earnings reached $579 million.
STRATEGY
Case is following an operating strategy that combines continued cost improvements
with top-line growth opportunities. The company is reducing costs and generating
earnings growth through process re-engineering, lower cost of quality and executing
previously announced restructuring actions. Simultaneously, Case is capitalizing on
growth opportunities by expanding into emerging markets and introducing
innovative new products and new technology at a rapid pace.
Case's long-term restructuring program, which is scheduled to be completed by the
end of 1997, is expected to generate $500 million in total savings by 1998. In 1995,
the company closed a plant in Europe, sold company-owned stores and began
implementing an aggressive supply chain management program. Also in 1996, the
company introduced more than 20 new models of agricultural equipment, completed
four acquisitions on three continents and announced a joint venture in the Central
Asia country of Uzbekistan.
HISTORY
Case was founded in Racine in 1842 by inventor Jerome Increase Case to build
threshing machines. Later, the company expanded into other agricultural products,
such as plows and tillage tools, and eventually purchased a line of tillage, haying and
harvesting equipment. In the 1920s and 1930s, Case expanded tractor production
and added combines to its product line.
By 1912, Case had established itself in the construction equipment industry as a
supplier of road building equipment (steam rollers and road graders). Case
introduced the first commercially successful loader/backhoe available under one
warranty from a single manufacturer in 1957. This began Case's worldwide
leadership as a supplier of loader/backhoes.
In 1964, controlling interest in Case was acquired by Kern County Land Company.
Later, Tenneco Inc. (NYSE:TEN) acquired Kern County and retained the controlling
interest in Case. By 1970, Tenneco decided to repurchase all remaining shares of the
company and Case became a wholly owned subsidiary of Tenneco.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Case expanded its business through a number of
acquisitions and product introductions. In 1985, Case acquired selected assets of
International Harvester's agricultural equipment operations. This made Case the
second largest manufacturer in the North American agricultural industry and
expanded Case's line of farm equipment.
Following a dramatic reduction in the agricultural market in the mid-to-late 1980s,
Case embarked upon two separate restructuring programs. The first was a
$461 million effort announced in 1991. It was aimed principally at reducing costs.
This initiative, complete at the end of 1994, resulted in a flattened corporate
structure, a 38 percent reduction in employment and production cuts of 26 percent.
The response in corporate earnings was a $358 million positive income swing in the
program's first year.
In 1993, Case embarked on a more detailed, three-year, $920 million restructuring
program. This initiative is designed to address basic issues adversely impacting
Case's operating results: flat to declining markets, unrelenting global competition
and substantial overcapacity.
In June 1994, Case returned to public ownership through an initial public offering at
$19 per share. Since then the company has continued to achieve ongoing financial
performance and shareholder value improvement. Case is listed on the New York
Stock Exchange under the symbol of CSE.
PRODUCTS
Case designs, manufactures and markets medium-to-large agricultural equipment
and light-to-medium construction equipment. The company markets more than 150
products under the names Case, Case IH and Case Poclain.
As the world's second largest manufacturer of agricultural equipment, Case offers a
full line that includes the award-winning MAGNUM,ᵀ MAXXUM, STEIGER®
and general-purpose tractors from 42 to 425 gross horsepower; grain and cotton
harvesting equipment, including the patented Axial-Flow® combines that can be
equipped to harvest corn, rice, soybeans, wheat and small grains, and the Case IH
Cotton Express pickers, which are designed to pick both sides of a cotton plant;
plows, disk harrows and other tillage equipment; planters, grain drills, cultivators
and other crop production equipment; mower conditioners, disc mowers, self-
propelled windrowers, balers and forage harvesting equipment; skid-steer loaders,
manure spreaders, and other materials handling and accessory equipment.
Case is a leading manufacturer of a wide-range of mid-sized construction products
for the worldwide construction, utility, street and highway and materials handling
equipment markets. More than 60 different models include the top selling
loader/backhoe in the world - Case Construction King loader/backhoes; wheel
loaders rated at 126 to 248 net horsepower; crawler dozers, which can be used for
residential and industrial construction chores; skid-steer loaders known in the
industry for their reliability and heavy-duty performance; excavators with operating
weights from 26,000 to 97,000 pounds, rated at 87 to 276 net horsepower; eight
trenchers and cable plows; rough terrain forklifts commonly used at lumber yards
and outdoor work sites; and loader-landscapers.
Nelson
South Amarica
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
They folden
Rector
August 22, 1997
The Honorable Thomas "Mack" McLarty
Counselor to the President and Special Envoy for the Americas
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Mr. McLarty:
In response to your request, I am pleased to inform you that we are able to broadcast President Clinton's visit
within Latin America, a capability that we feel will serve a great purpose in communicating and educating
students throughout the hemisphere.
Included with this correspondence please find a list of American students who are attending the University del
Salvador this fall. As you will notice, the University del Salvador draws a diverse group of American
students from various colleges and universities throughout your country.
I will be in Washington, DC September 15-17th and would very much like to arrange to meet with you and/or
your staff. Verner Liipfert is assisting us with this special project and I have asked that they follow-up with
you sometime next week.
In the meantime, take care. I look forward to meeting you and making this a memorable experience for all
involved.
With Regards,
/wan. Juan Tobías
A. whis
President
Enclosure
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
Rector
ALUMNOS INTERNACIONALES INSCRIPTOS
PARA EL SEGUNDO CUATRIMESTRE 1997.
APELLIDO Y
PASAPORTE
UNIV. DE ORIGEN
PROGRAMA
NOMBRE
Adams, Jeb Eric
073257192
University of Wyoming
ISEP
Adler, Stuart
015622557
George Washington
SUNY
University
Anderson, Holly L.
Z7348900
Concordia College
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Askew, Edgeley
044232174
University of Virginia
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Azevedo, Jamie
152604016
Bryn Mawr College
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Bates, Frederick
101269414
Bryant College
SUNY
Bayer, Angela
102189373
Harvard University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Bernstein, Jana
102128715
Northwestern University
Consorcio: U. of
Ellen
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Blazejewski,
153871640
Harvard University
Consorcio: U. of
Kenneth
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U ofN.
Carolina
1
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
Rector
Bozzini, Christina
084829836
Agnes Scott College
Consorcio: U. of
L.
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Bristle, Emily Jane
140401357
University of Maryland
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Brzeczek, Jessica
155375033
Colorado State
Consorcio: U. of
Lyn
University
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Bulkley, Cristina
073988071
University of Wyoming
ISEP
Suzanne
Caprio, Nicole
092565616
University of Sacramento
Consorcio: U. of
Catherine
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Cassei, David
035079955
Chapman University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Coronado, John
052508854
University of the Pacific
Extraordinario
Davidson, Vanessa
034370319
Harvard College
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
De Figueircdo,
155897491
Johns Hopkins University
Consorcio: U. of
Miguel
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Delp, Timothy
044826920
Eckerd College
ISEP
Scott
1
2
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
Rector
Dobbie, Justin
131488301
Duke University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Dwyer, Erin
073178278
Duke University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Ehrenhaus,
156313172
Brandeis University
Consorcio: U. of
Corinne
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Eidemiller, Seth
074299970
University of Idaho
ISEP
Alvin
Fernández, Arturo
084824423
University of Miami
University of
José
Miami
Fox, Erin
015723026
The University of North
Consorcio: U. of
Carolina at Chapel Hill
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Fredlund, Cristina
154421521
Loyola Marymount
Extraordinaria
Kay
University
Gaillard, Jennifer
092551712
Vassar College
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Giannasio, Breeze
120445673
Wellesley College
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Giddens, Elizabeth
08207434
University of Texas at
Consorcio: U. of
Austin
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. ofN:
Carolina
3
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
Rector
Gregg, Heather
08557316
Tulane University
Consorcio: U. of
Lynn
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Gullett, Gerald M.
132191785
The University of Texas
Consorcio: U. of
at Austin
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Hall, Amber
131429195
Vassar College
Consorcio: U. of
Alexandra
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Hara, Stephanic
073857114
The Colorado College
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Haro, Vanessa
026000094
University of Illinois
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Holling, Karen
025975215
University of the Pacific
University of the
Pacific
Hugele, Jacquelynn
131153306
The University of Texas
Consorcio: U. of
at Austin
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Igambi, Nyamusi
131435238
Texas Tech University
Extraordinaria
K.
Israelson, Carla
131410695
University of
Consorcio: U. of
Andrea
Pennsylvania
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
4
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
Rector
Jiménez-Marcos,
131946679
The University of Texas,
Consorcio: U. of
Patricia
Austin
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Joseph, Katherine
083002397
Denison University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Klein, Jessica
074541369
Skidmore College
Extraordinario
Korin, Laura
092847047
University of
Consorcio: U. of
Pennsylvania
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Lansing, David
073221917
University of Wyoming
ISEP
Matthew
LaSota, Colleen
155245417
University of Minnesota - -
ISEP
Elizabeth
Twin Citics
Lefco, Daniel
092249288
Tulane University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Linares, Juan
152378246
University of Illions at
Consorcio: 11 of
Carlos
Urbana Champaign
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Loosen, Lisa
131578270
University of
Consorcio: U. of
Susann
Pennsylvania
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Manchester,
05439602
University of California,
Extraordinaria
Heather A.
Berkeley
McNamara, Erin J.
102471760
SUNY GENESEO
SUNY
1
5
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
Rector
McPherson,
131511797
Williams College
Consorcio: U. of
Edward Russell
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Miller, Aaron
025869732
University of Illinois at
Consorcio: U. of
Urbana Champagn
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Miller, Sara K.
074345542
University of Illinois at
Consorcio: U. of
Urbana Champagn
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Miller, Robin
131141449
Grove City College
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Miller, Ward
074128667
Willamette University
Extraordinario
Daniel
Monty, Claire
024478848
Earlham College
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Nelson, Benjamin
083256859
The University of North
Consorcio: U. of
Carolina at Chapel Hill
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Owen, Patrick
085423043
Bellarmine College
ISEP
Edward
Perlmutter, Aaron
085896218
Duke University
Consorcio: U. of
Michael
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Polen, Kirstin
085505238
Miami University
ISEP - -
Elaine
6
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
Rector
Polimeni, Rachel
085973662
Duke University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Quintela, Yvette
044704464
University of Miami
University of
Miami
Register, Nicholas
085987558
Duke University
Consorcio: U. of
H.
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Riesco, Armando
083681197
Northwestern University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Rossman, Michael
153172709
University of Illinois at
Consorcio: U. of
Urbana-Champaign
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Sachs, Chritopher
063455186
Harvard University
Consorcio: U. of
Allen
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Sanders, William
102523833
Williams College
Consorcio: U. of
Paul
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Schmitt, Timothy
155977011
University of Illinois at
Consorcio: U. of
Patrick
Urbana, Champaign
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Sederstrom, Jon
102357624
Williams College
Consorcio: U. of
David
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. ofN.
Carolina
7
UNIVERSIDAD DEL SALVADOR
BUENOS AIRES
Roclor
Shah, Rupal
155809361
West Virginia University
ISEP
Naresh
Shrotriya, Ritu
140455546
Bryan Mawr College
SUNY
Siegel, Michael
54847876
Brandeis University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Tota, Lauren
093675644
Loyola College
Loyola College
Towhidian,
015065605
Loyola College
Loyola College
Heather
Tuohy, Stephen W.
024859939
University of Michigan-
Consorcio: U. of
Ann Arbor
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Van Veldhuizen,
131121349
Columbia University
SUNY
Brett
Woods, Tracy
092211268
Johns Hopkins University
Consorcio: U. of
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
Zimmerman, James
073184148
Columbia University
Consorcio: U. of
Scott
Illinois, U. of
Texas, U. of N.
Carolina
8
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
002a. memo
Peter Allgeier to Jim Dobbins and Lael Brainard, re: Possible
08/08/1997
Pl/b(1)
Mercosur Meeting during POTUS Trip (1 page)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
Farnsworth, Eric
OA/Box Number: CF 1047
FOLDER TITLE:
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to
South America, October 1997 [3]
2009-1155-F
ke2543
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)|
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA|
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA|
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
08 08 97 16:17
202 3959675
IAPL/USTR
001/002
FACSIMILE
Office of the United States Trade Representative
Executive Office of the President
Washington, DC
20508
Date: August 8, 1997
Page 1 of 2
Office of the Western Hemisphere
To: Name
Organization
Telephone
Fax
Jim Dobbins
NSC
6-9131
6-9130
Lael Brainard
NEC
5-5104
6-2223
CC:
Nelson Cunningham
McClarty's Office
6-2000
6-2464
Bryan Samuel
State/ARA
647-6754
647-0791
FROM: Peter Allgeier, (202) 395-6135, FAX (202) 395-9675
(Incomplete or problem faxes, call (202) 395-5190)
SUBJECT: USTR View on Mercosur Meeting during POTUS Trip
Please see attached.
URGENT
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
002b. email
James Dobbins to National Security Advisor, re: Meeting with
08/04/1997
Pl/b(1)
Barshefsky (2 pages)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
Farnsworth, Eric
OA/Box Number: CF 1047
FOLDER TITLE:
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to
South America, October 1997 [3]
2009-1155-F
ke2543
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA|
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
002c. memo
Eric Farnsworth to Mack McLarty, re: Planning for October Trip to
07/14/1997
P1/b(1)
South America (1 page)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
Farnsworth, Eric
OA/Box Number: CF 1047
FOLDER TITLE:
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to
South America, October 1997 [3]
2009-1155-F
ke2543
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
h(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
AMERICAN CYANAMID: VICTIM OF INADEQUATE PATENT PROTECTION
IN ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL
PROBLEM: A major American agribusiness company faces significant market losses on one
of its most valuable products because the intellectual property regimes of
Argentina and Brazil have failed to protect the company's rights as a patent
holder in the valuable Mercosur soybean market.
Who is Cyanamid?
American Cyanamid Company is a subsidiary of American Home Products (AHP)
Corporation, a research-based enterprise with global sales in excess of $15 billion.
Cyanamid is a major global supplier of agricultural products, and along with AHP accounts
for close to $2 billion in worldwide sales of agricultural products.
AHP/Cyanamid has invested over $125 million in Argentina and $162 million in Brazil.
Cyanamid de Argentina S.A., the local affiliate of American Cyanamid alone generates $110
million in annual sales. The local affiliate in Brazil, Cyanamid Quimica do Brasil LTDA,
generates $470 million in annual sales.
What are the Products at Issue?
Cyanamid's most significant products in Argentina and Brazil are advanced agricultural
herbicides used in the culturing of soybeans and other feed and food crops. These products,
known as imidazolinones, are patented as compounds in Argentina and many other countries
around the world. In Brazil, they are covered by process and composition patents, as
explained in the attached charts.
Imidazolinones represent significant advances in the fields of chemistry, agronomy, and
ecological safety, to the degree that in 1993 the Cyanamid researcher who invented them was
personally awarded the U.S. Presidential Medal for Technology by President Clinton at the
approval
White House. These products generate close to $500 million in sales to Cyanamid.
Marketin
Currently, Cyanamid has filed 48 patent applications in Argentina and 56 applications in
granted
Brazil. Of these, 18 patents have been granted in Argentina and 28 have been granted in
Brazil. The attached chart shows the number and types of patents currently owned by
Cyanamid in these countries, and which Cyanamid feels are most likely being infringed.
How are Cyanamid's Patents Being Infringed in Argentina and Brazil?
Makhteshim, a subsidiary of the large Israeli conglomerate Koor Industries, has filed -
through its local affiliates, Magan (Argentina) and Herbitecnica (Brazil) - regulatory
product applications for products that infringe Cyanamid's patents in these countries.
Argentina:
In Argentina, Magan has filed applications for approval to sell its own imidazolinone
products. These products have the same formulation and use as those products for which
Cyanamid holds patents - valid through 2006 - in Argentina.
Makhteshim and Magan argue that Cyanamid's patent had lapsed for failure to fulfill
Argentina's "working" requirement, which states that a patent will become void if the patent
holder does not make use of it within two years after it is granted. Cyanamid has, however,
made use of its patent in order to prevent it from lapsing: first, the company conducted a
portion of the manufacturing process within Argentina during this initial two year period;
second, Cyanamid's importation and sale of the patented goods within Argentina likely
meets the "working" requirement, as interpreted by the Arg entine federal court.
Brazil:
In Brazil, Herbitecnica has announced that it will begin fabricating its imidazolinone
compounds in July 1997; it has also applied for regulatory approvals of its compounds for
sale in Brazil. Herbitecnica will likely be infringing Cyanamid's formulation patent by
creating a liquid substance whose properties match those of Cyanamid's imidazolinone
product. Furthermore, even if Herbitecnica produces a non-liquid formulation, it will
infringe Cyanamid's original base case patent, which covers both liquid and granular
formulations.
Makhteshim contends that Cyanamid's principal Brazilian patent has expired, since the
original expiration date under Brazilian law was 1996. However, if Brazil were
implementing all provisions of the new global TRIPS agreement, this patent would be
extended for five years, until 2001. Whether or not Brazil intends to defer implementation
of TRIPS is unclear at this point, creating a good deal of concern and uncertainty with
respect to the current state of patent law in Brazil.
Why are Argentina and Brazil Unable to Provide Adequate Patent Protection to Cyanamid?
Argentina: Ineffective Precautionary Relief
In Argentina, Cyanamid has initiated a patent infringement action against Makhteshim and
Magan, alleging the violation of its patents on the imidazolinone compounds. Cyanamid
requested that the Argentine court impose an injunction on Makhteshim/Magan while these
patent infringement claims were being explored
Although the lower court granted an injunction, the appellate court revoked the injunction in
December 1996. Under Argentine law, a defendant in a patent infringement case has the
right to choose between the imposition of an injunction or the posting of a bond while the
case is pending before the court. Furthermore, the amount of the bond imposed in Argentine
patent cases is generally such a nominal amount as to be meaningless. Although the TRIPS
agreement would reverse this practice and allow the court to impose an injunction if needed,
Argentina has not been clear about its implementation of TRIPS. Argentina's current
practice effectively allows a patent infringer to continue his harmful practices simply by
paying a nominal fee.
Brazil: Inadequate Administrative Procedures
Cyanamid's Brazilian patent application was filed in June 1981, but the Brazilian
government did not issue the patent until February 1996, a delay of over 14 years. Under
Brazilian law, the patent would have expired 15 years after filing, in June 1996 - just four
months after the patent was issued. Brazil's unwillingness to specify whether or not it
intends to defer its patent extension obligations under TRIPS by invoking its status as a
developing country has created uncertainty regarding the effective term of the patent.
Brazil has declined to provide Cyanamid with a chemical analysis of Makhteshim's products
in order to confirm whether a patent infringement is actually occurring. This administrative
ineffectiveness frustrates the purpose of Brazil's intellectual property regime.
CONCLUSION:
The Cyanamid case is symptomatic of a general lack of effective patent
enforcement in Argentina and Brazil, a problem which, if not addressed,
could result in massive losses to American companies that hold patents
in these countries.
The Clinton Administration has already determined that both Argentina and Brazil must
be carefully scrutinized because of continuing weaknesses in their intellectual property
regimes. Both countries are listed in the USTR's recently released annual review of
"Special 301 " provisions of the Trade Act of 1974.
Argentina is one of ten countries listed on the special 301 "Priority Watch List"
because the country's patent regime "denies adequate and effective protection to
U.S. right holders.
Brazil has been listed as one of 36 countries on the special 301 "Watch List"
because the U.S. has determined that this country requires further monitoring in
order to ensure that its commitments to intellectual property are implemented.
The gaps in patent enforcement by both Argentina and Brazil have effectively allowed an
Israeli company to steal agrichemical formulations that are essential to the health of a major
U.S. company that has invested a great deal of time and money in its inventions.
In light of the United States' desire to strengthen its trade relationships with both Argentina
and Brazil, these issues should be brought to the attention of government officials at the
highest levels in both countries, so that they may take action to cure the weaknesses in the
intellectual property regime.
CYANAMID PATENTS CURRENTLY HELD
ARGENTINA
48 Patent Applications
18 Granted Patents
Patent Number
Process
Compound
Composition
Use
Potential
Violation
240928
X
X
X
Compound
Application date 6/1/81
Composition
Grant date 3/27/91
Expiration date 3/27/06
308451 (Application)
X
Composition
Application date 8/14/87
328451 (Application)
X
Composition
Application date 4/27/94
0336881 (Application)
X
Composition
Application date 6/5/96
BRAZIL
56 Patent Applications
28 Granted Patents
Patent Number
Process
Compound
Composition
Use
Potential
Violation
PI 8103449
X
X
Compound
Application date 6/1/81
Process
Grant date 2/27/96
Expiration date: ??
PI 8704215
X
Composition
Application date 8/14/87
Grant date 11/28/95
Expiration date: ??
PI 9602620-0 (Application)
X
Composition
Application date 6/4/96
* See next page for Patent Definitions
Patent Definitions
An individual patent may include one or more of the following claims relating to the
patented product:
Compound
A compound claim covers the chemical material that comprises the product. It
may be generic, covering a class of compounds, or specific, covering a single
chemical material.
Composition
A composition claim covers a recipe of ingredients, usually a compound plus inert
ingredients.
Process
A process claim covers a particular method for making a compound or
composition.
Use
A use claim covers the unique use of a new compound or composition, or a new
use for an existing compound.
JUL-18-97 15:34 From: AKIN GUMP 01
2028874288
T-880 P 01/03 Job-731
DALLAS, TEXAS
BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
AUSTIN, TEXAS
NEW YORK. NEW YORK
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS
MOSCOW. RUSSIA
HOUSTON. TEXAS
facsimlle
TRANSMITTAL
to:
Andrew Friendly
firm:
The White House
fax #:
456-2464
tel #:
re:
date:
July 18. 1997
pages:
3. including this cover sheet.
11:00am
client #: 76042.0001
Tuesday
MESSAGE:
Attached is the background material you requested re my client American Home
Products' subsidiary, American Cyanamid.
I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my client's concerns.
From the desk of
Steven M. Hilton
AKIN, GUMP, STRAUSS, HAUER & FELD,
LLP
1333 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE. SUITE 400
WASHINGTON, DC 20036
202/887/4279
Fax: 202/887-4288
The information contained in this facsimile message is privileged, confidential, and protected from disclosure. If you think
you have received this fax in error, if you do not receive all pages, or if you have any problem receiving this transmission,
please call 202-887-4108. Send fax correspondence to 202-887-4288. Thank you.
JUL-18-97 15:34 From: AKIN GUMP 01
2028874288
T-880 P.02/03 Job-731
AMERICAN CYANAMID: VICTIM OF INADEQUATE PATENT PROTECTION
IN ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL
PROBLEM: A major American agribusiness company faces significant market losses on one
of its most valuable products because the intellectual property regimes of
Argentina and Brazil have failed to protect the company's rights as is patent
holder in the valuable Mercosur soybean market.
Who is Cyanamid?
American Cyanamid Company is a subsidiary of American Home Products (AHP)
Corporation, a research-based enterprise with global sales in excess of $15 billion.
Cyanamid is a major global supplier of agricultural products, and along with AHP accounts
for close to $2 billion in worldwide sales of agricultural products.
AHP/Cyanamid has invested over $125 million in Argentina and $162 million in Brazil.
Cyanamid de Argentina S.A., the local affiliate of American Cyanamid alone generates $110
million in annual sales. The local affiliate in Brazil, Cyanamid Quimica do Brasil LTDA,
generates $470 million in annual sales.
What are the Products at Issue?
Cyanamid's most significant products in Argentina and Brazil are advanced agricultural
herbicides used in the culturing of soybeans and other feed and food crops. These products.
known as imidazolinones, are patented as compounds in Argentina and many other countries
around the world. In Brazil, they are covered by process and composition patents, as
explained in the attached charts.
Imidazolinones represent significant advances in the fields of chemistry, agronomy, and
ecological safety, to the degree that in 1993 the Cyanamid researcher who invented them was
personally awarded the U.S. Presidential Medal for Technology by President Clinton at the
White House. These products generate close to $500 million in sales to Cyanamid.
How are Cyanamid's Patents Being Infringed in Argentina and Brazil?
Makhteshim, a subsidiary of the large Israeli conglomerate Koor Industries, has filed
through its local affiliates, Magan (Argentina) and Herbitecnica (Brazil) - regulatory
product applications for products that infringe Cyanamid's patents in these countries.
Argentina:
In Argentina, Magan has filed applications for approval to sell its own imidazolinone
products. These products have the same formulation and use as those products for which
Cyanamid holds patents valid through 2006 - in Argentina.
JUL-18-97 15:35 From:AKIN GUMP 01
2028874288
T-880 P.03/03 Job-731
Brazil:
In Brazil, Herbitecnica has announced that it will begin fabricating its imidazolinone
compounds in July 1997; it has also applied for regulatory approvals of its compounds for
sale in Brazil. Herbitecnica will likely he infringing Cyanamid's formulation patent by
creating a liquid substance whose properties match those of Cyanamid's imidazolinone
product. Furthermore, even if Herbitecnica produces a non-liquid formulation, it will
infringe Cyanamid's original base case patent. which covers both liquid and granular
formulations.
CONCLUSION:
The Cyanamid case is symptomatic of a general lack of effective patent
enforcement in Argentina and Brazil. a problem which. if not addressed,
could result in massive losses to American companies that hold patents
in these countries.
The Clinton Administration has already determined that both Argentina and Brazil must
be carefully scrutinized because of continuing weaknesses in their intellectual property
regimes. Both countries are listed in the USTR's recently released annual review of
"Special 301 provisions of the Trade Act of 1974.
Argentina is one of ten countries listed on the special 301 "Priority Watch List"
because the country's patent regime "donies adequate and effective protection to
U.S. right holders...
Brazil has been listed as one of 36 countries on the special 301 "Watch List"
because the U.S. has determined that this country requires further monitoring in
order to ensure that its commitments to intellectual property are implemented.
The gaps in patent enforcement by both Argentina and Brazil have effectively allowed an
Israeli company to steal agrichemical formulations that are essential to the health of a major
U.S. company that has invested a great deal of time and money in its inventions.
United States Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20520
Eric Fanaworth 4567586
NOTE TO TED PICCONE, NSC
AUG 12 1997
mm
FROM:
EB/Int'l Energy Policy: Matt McManus
647-1476
SUBJECT: Possible POTUS Caracas photo-op: "Fulbright Energy for
the 21st Century Scholarships. Energy Ministerial
To follow-up on our meeting of July 24, I attach a proposal
from USIA Caracas re the "Fulbright Energy for the 21st Century
Scholarships."
o
The program will send 10-20 Venezuelans for a two-year
masters in energy/environment/engineering in the U.S.
--
It is a public-private initiative, with funds from the
USG/U.S. and Venezuelan private sectors (including
U.S. oil companies).
It could demonstrate the benefits, and new
opportunities to Venezuelan citizens, of the growing
interdependence of our energy sectors.
Students will be selected by late September, and we suggest
allowing the POTUS to present them plaques and award letters in
a brief ceremony and photo-op.
:
Given the President's close association with Senator
Fulbright, it may be particularly appropriate.
We feel the press coverage from the event would foster the
spirit of cooperation on energy and cast the energy opening as
creating positive opportunities for the next generation of
Venezuelans a core message of ours and the Ven Government.
0
The select audience for the ceremony would also bolster our
energy policy relationship with key energy leaders. We
could invite Ven Energy Ministry and PDVSA officials,
Members of Ven's Congressional Energy Committees (who
passed the historic opening to foreign oil investment in
1995) and U.S. oil company reps.
--
It would allow the POTUS to reinforce our appreciation
for energy reform and to briefly mingle with, and show
our support for, this critical group.
U.S. oil companies in Caracas gain from POTUS
engagement of Ven leadership on energy; but an event
with the POTUS and just the U.S. companies could well
appear mercantilistic in a sensitive field.
001
EB/ESC/IEC
08/12/97 TUE 10:56 FAX 202 647 4037
-2-
0
The event could be very short (15-30 minutes) and be held
just prior or after a speech/lunch or other scheduled
event. Or, the event could itself provide a platform for a
brief speech on energy.
Energy Ministerial
One additional item. The U.S. and Venezuela are
responsible co-coordinators of Summit of the America's
"Hemispheric Energy Cooperation." The initiative has brought
hemispheric leaders together to share regulatory experiences,
promote market-based policies and best environmental policies.
At a meeting in Colombia in late September, there will be
hemispheric endorsement to hold a Summit Energy Ministerial in
Caracas in January 1998. Venezulea is honored to host such a
high-profile event. The President and Caldera could jointly
announce this as a deliverable and to underscore that we, and
the hemisphere, look to Venezuela as a leader in energy.
DOE, of course, will be with you directly on their
proposals and the Memorandum of Understanding extension on
energy etc.
Please let us know if you need further info.
CC: Perry Ball, Economic Counselor, Emb Caracas
Mr, Roberston, USIA Counselor, Emb Caracas
Eric
Attachment (fax from USIA Caracas)
002
EB/ESC/IEC
08/12/97 TUE 10:57 FAX 202 647 4037
08-08-1997 16:46
58 2 28516430
EMBAJADA AMERICANA-USIS-CARACAS
P.01
TO:
Mat McManus, E/B
FROM: USIS Caracas
DATE: August 8, 1997
FAX: 202-647-4037 (3 pages including this one)
Following is the information you requested on the:
FULBRIGHT "ENERGY FOR THE 21m CENTURY" SCHOLARSHIP
The special Fulbright Scholarship, "Energy for the 21m Century", was devised to meet the
needs of Venezuela's growing energy sector. The recent petroleum "opening" and various other
initiatives, coupled with the country's enormous potential, have cast Venezuela as a prime
location for energy-related investment. This is a brand new initiative, and this scholarship has
never been awarded before.
Because human resources will play a crucial role in the development of the energy sector,
the U.S. Embassy in Caracas launched the "Energy for the 21st Century" Fulbright Scholarship
to help prepare the next generation of Venezuelan engineers, geologists, environmentalists.
managers, scientists and.professionals in areas related to energy. The goal of the program is to
send at least ten to twenty outstanding young Venezuelans (very recent B.A.s with good English
and excellent grades) for wo-year masters degree programs in the field of energy at top U.S.
universities. Upon their return, the knowledge and skills acquired by these young professionals
will be put to use in helping Venezuela develop its energy sector.
003
D
08/12/97 TUE 10:57 FAX 202 647 4037
a 20516430
EMBAJADA AMERICANA-USIS-CARACAS.
P.02
USIS CABACAS - p.2
In response to an appeal by the U.S. Embassy last January, Bechtel Corporation, Chevron
Latinosmarica, INTEVEP, Maraven, Mobil Venezuela, PDVSA/CIED and Texaco Venezuela
committed to sponsoring scholarships, the first winners of which will be chosen in mid-
September, 1997. The Selection Committee will consist of the Embassy's Cultural and Assistant
Cultural Attachés, a LASPAU representative, a representative of Venezuela's largest student-
advising center - the Association of Venezuelan-American Friendship (AVAA), a former
Venazuelan Fulbright Professor in the energy field and probably the Dean of one of the
prestigious Venenuelan universities with a well-known department in one of the petroleum fields.
The students will begin their studies in the United States in September, 1998. The fields
designated by the companies include petroleum engineering, oil exploration and production,
environmental protection and geology and geophysics Several of the companies stipulated "any
field pertinent to the petroleum sector".
The "Energy for the 21st Century" Scholarship program will be administered by the
prestigious private organization associated with Harvard University, the "Academic and
Professional Programs for the Americas - -- LASPAU" which has more than 30 eyars of experience
in the field of academic exchange in the Hemisphere.
The total cost for the participating company is $31,000 which is payable in two annual
amounts of $15,500. This sum covers room and board, books and university fees, as well as other
costs involved in maintaining a gradute student at 1 U.S. university for a two-year program. Each
donation leverages matching funds in the form of tuition waivers -- in effect doubling the size of
the contribution.
P
EB/ESC/IEC
4037 GAT 202 PAX 10:57 EURE 08/12/87
001
08-08-1997 16:47
58 2 28516430
EMBAJADA AMERICANA-USIS-CARACAS.
P.03
USIS CARACAS - I
Post just placed an additional ad in Venezuala's most prestigious newspaper "El
Universal", reminding students that the application deadline is September 1 and, once again,
highlighting the companies which were generous enough -- and farsighted enough -- to realize
that with this donation they have contributed to Venezuela's future in the most fundamental way -
through educating its young people to help themselves and their country.
We would like to see President Climon include a small award ceremony during his visit, in
which he would award "Energy for the 21st Century" award letters and plaques to the winners, in
the presence of representatives of the sponsoring corporations and the Venezuelan government.
The audience would consist of a maximum of fifty people, and the ceremony could be arranged to
take less than half and hour. Whether or not the awards ceremony takes place, we hope that
some mantion of the program (with particular thanks to the sponsors) would be made in any
"energy" speech during the Caracas
Because Senator J. William Fulbright was from Arkansas and the Fulbright Scholarship
was his dream-come-to-reality, how appropriate for the first President over from Arkansas to
award this unique scholarship in his mentor's name.
and all U.S. oil fines in Venguela (about 20).
EB/ESC/IEC
4337 GAT 202 PAX 10:57 301 08/12/67
900
8/4/97
Trys deliverables witts Steenberg
Venerula - Mergy security flesh out ideas
if were goy to make hanotics cooperation
place do it.
on issue th on this try, Venguela M the
chenate could in pact on an energy shop
Brazil - education (trade
exchanges vice
information technology -Magazing
elite education traccing
exports (intellectival, commetecal)
pectoral initiatives
through free commerce n cyberopace
trade -let's get a statement out of
telecoms contracts $$ 5 cllums
Cardes Ali negotiations in Santings
SIVAM
of, steel etc -Can't turn these around
chemate change nexters j.i.
POTUS TRIP TO VENEZUELA, BRAZIL, ARGENTINA
DELIVERABLES -- HIGHLIGHTS
VENEZUELA -- main themes are energy security, democracy,
arms corruption
drugs/law enforcement
1) Energy event/speech with tie-in to Summit of Americas agenda
Bilateral Investment and Tax Treaties
Fulbright Energy Scholarships
Trade and Development Assistance projects
2) Ratification of Washington Protocol (OAS membership suspended
in case of interruption to democracy; comes into force w/
one more ratification) ; highlight Caldera as father of
Venezuelan democracy; wreath-laying at Bolivar monument?
3) Extradition treaty; US counterdrug drawdown assistance ($12
million); Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty; protocol to 1991
Shipboarding Agreement (done) ; Stolen Car Treaty; Prisoner
Transfer Treaty; Venezuelan Joint Intelligence Command
Center
BRAZIL -- main themes are education/technology,
environment/space, security, trade
overall hughlight partnemsting
1) Announce U.S./Brazil Education and Technology Partnership
(e.g. telecom initiatives linked to delivery of education,
bichauger
standards, access through technology, teacher training)
Highlight GoB's human rights action plan
Cooperation on judicial reform
2) Announce NASA/GOB cooperation on Amazon study, including
lease of C-130; sign nuclear cooperation agreement; GLOBE
agreement on environmental education; MOU on space station
partnership
3) Highlight US-Brazilian partnership as guarantors of Peru-
Ecuador process (including purchase of US helos for MOMEP)
Highlight Brazilian NPT adherence
Highlight new MLAT; US-BR anti-crime training initiatives
4) U.S. -Brazil Partnership for Hemispheric Prosperity (trade) :
possible bilateral or multilateral (MERCOSUR) discussion of
FTAA prospects, "early harvest" of agreements, broad
negotiations launch at Santiago; business speech/event in
Sao Paolo, possibly with tie-in to corporate
schools/technology partnership
2
overally
partnership
ARGENTINA -- main themes are democracy, security, environment
unit us h
Guta
1) Meeting with opposition leaders (two weeks before elections)
Late
2) Special Consultative Process (ministerial consultations)
Satellite launch agreement
Peaceful nuclear cooperation
Counterterrorism -- commemorate AMIA bombing
Highlight Major Non-NATO Ally status
Peacekeeping event - regional training school, Campo de Mayo
3) Sign national parks agreement in Bariloche
Sind -con communitive non
and 1 peanests Meef for twear 1/4 to must here
Dobbens - - hamesphere alliance or drugs
security
institutional reform, increase
measures.
interance to summent process
enhance
into the agenda
let's losk at withing these
initiative on educatured
technology?
C
[
Diegnificant pum of & gaying
exchar yr program ? Clenton
We need too the More andacron
Bullought. Gulot NAturance.
politically step Huslip. Edu Multim, leavel. ention, Lets Uun $
08/01/97
09:51
202 736 7618
AMERISUMMIT DOS
002
Talking Points for Counselor McLarty
Meeting on Santiago Summit
Friday, August 1, 4:00 PM, White House Sitroom
I thought it would be a good idea to have a briefing on the preparations for the
Santiago Summit. We are just entering an important time in the process in which we
will start negotiating language with the rest of the hemisphere.
We have a broad framework, agreed in Lima, that covers the relevant US interests in
the region. The Santiago inter-agency working group, which has been meeting since
January, has developed a promising set of action items within the framework that will
push the envelope in many areas of our hemispheric agenda.
The negotiation process runs on consensus, so we can expect to see some revised
language and some new ideas as the discussions unfold in the coming months. Jeff
and I will continue to oversee the inter-agency group as well as monitor the
negotiating process.
I would like to continue to brief this group in the future as we hit important
milestones in the process.
porus memo
/
English gander
2
exchange program uspanism
(ederention)
3
talkersto 4:00 mething Summit
4
desauge - Summent?
6
-
Habf year report
Thursday @ 2000 Juan Rebilledo
t
-
mlumo re: Porus wise then
-
8 Indianal Detroit speech frualing
July 30, 1997
MEMORANDUM FOR DISTRIBUTION
FROM:
MACK MCLARTY
SUBJECT:
REVIEW OF U.S. NEGOTIATION POSITION FOR SANTIAGO SUMMIT OF
THE AMERICAS
We are at an important juncture in our preparations for next April's Summit of the Americas in
Santiago, Chile, to which the President has committed to attend. Please come to a meeting I will
chair on Friday, August 1, at 4:00 pm in room 180 OEOB to discuss.
The Summit will be the culmination of over a year of intensive Presidential activity to advance
US interests in Latin America and the Caribbean. Building from the 1994 Miami Summit, we
hope to solidify our newly emerging partnership with the hemisphere, increasingly based on
shared values and common interests, to enhance the President's foreign policy legacy in the
community of the Americas.
In accordance with the process developed by the Government of Chile and other participating
Summit governments including the United States, we will soon be asked to provide a US
position concerning specific action items to be included in the Summit agenda. The State
Department has led an interagency working group since January to develop an initial set of US
proposals (attached), and is prepared to deliver them to the Chileans next week. The outlines of
the agenda itself, including education, democracy development, economic integration and trade,
and poverty alleviation, were agreed by hemispheric foreign ministers at a meeting in Lima, Peru
last month, which I was privileged to chair.
I believe State has the issues well-framed. Still, it would be useful to conduct an informal White
House review of the substance developed by the interagency process. It would be helpful for you
to review the proposed action items prior to our meeting, to be able to offer specific suggestions
which can be taken into account.
The Summit is a priority for the President and our hemispheric agenda, and I greatly appreciate
your ongoing efforts in this regard. I look forward to discussing these issues in greater depth
with you at our meeting on Friday.
JUL-25 97 18:57
FROM:
2024562215
TO:94627226
PAGE 01
07/25/97
18:49
202 736 7618
AMERISUMMIT DOS
001/009
462-7226
Spece
United States Department of State
Washington, D.C. 20520
Discuss
July 25, 1997
w
TO:
Mack McLarty
Desl
FROM:
Jeffrey Davidow
SUBJECT: Briefing on USG Proposals for the Santiago Summit
After a thorough TWG process, we are prepared to go forward
with proposed USG action items for the Santiago Summit.
This is an important step in the negotiating process laid
out by the Chileans, and it may be a good idea to brief
senior NSC, NEC, and other White House staff on these
offerings.
Through the Santiago Summit Inter-agency Working Group and
an even wider clearance process, we have developed draft
action items which we will work to have incorporated into
the 3ummit's action plan. As you requested, we kept. the
number of action items limited and focused, and tried to
make them presidential in scope.
This is not to say, of course, that every action item in
this list will remain unchanged during the negotiations with
other Summit governments. In the negotiating process the
Chileans have adopted, responsible coordinating countries
are tasked with proposing draft action items in their
respective areas. Our language, therefore, will be sent to
the Chileans or to other governments either for them to
comment or to fold into their proposals. The deadline for
all lead countries' submissions to Chile is July 31, which
means time will be scarce.
I believe it is time for you to convene a small senior staff
group where you could brief on the substance of the action
items and outline the negotiation process and the related
work plan of the SIRG from now to the Santiago Summit.
Because of the Chilean deadline, it would be helpful if you
would call the meeting within the next week or as soon
thercafter as possible.
Attachment:
U.S. Proposals for Santiago Summit
FTAA and Related Group Meetings
July 29-31
First PrepCom
San Jose
Aug. ??
WG: Sanitary & Phytosanitary
Washington
Aug 19-22
WG: Customs Procedures (Informal)
Washington
Sept. 8-9
WG: Subsidies, AD and CVD
Washington
Sept. 15-17
WG: Government Procurement
Washington
Sept. 17-18
WG: Standards & Tech. Barriers
Washington
Sept. 23-25
WG: Investment
San Jose
Oct. 1-2
SIRG
Washington
Oct. 2-4
WG: IPR
Mexico
Oct. 14-16
Second PrepCom
Puntarenas
Oct. 14-16
WG: Customs Procedures
Washington
Dec. 2-3
Financial Mingsterial
Santiago
Dec. 7-11
C/LAA Annual Conference
Miami
Dec. 9-10
SIRG
Washington
Jan. 27-29
Third PrepCom
San Jose
Feb. 25-26
Fourth Mingsterial
San Jose
April 18-19
Second Summit
Santiago
TBA: Prior to the Oct. 14-16 Second PrepCom, meeting dates will be set for FTAA
Working Groups not listed above: Market Access, Smaller Economies, Services,
Competion Policy and Dispute Settlement.
DCliman 0728dp2
Suggested Work Plan for SIRG 1997-98
1997
1998
lune
July
Aug
Sept.
Oct:
Nov
Dec
Jan.
Feb
Mar
April,
MEETING OF
FOREIGN
SIRG
MINISTERS
SIRG
SIRG
SIRG
(FINAL PLENIPOTENTIARY)
JUNE 1, 1997
Oct. 1-2
Dec. 9-10
Jan. 1998
MARCH 1998
LIMA
IDP
DAS
Chile (Airlee wouse
Negotiation of
Negotiation of
Negotiation of
Finalize
APPROVAL OF
Poverty and
Democracy/
Declaration
Summit
SAN' 'IAGO
PROPOSED
Education
Human Rights
of Principles
documents
SANTIAGO
initiatives
and Economic
and Summit
AGENDA
Integration initiatives
follow-up
(except trade and
- Mid-June:
- July 31: Draft
capital markets)
Chileans task
action items
Responsible
due to Chile.
Coordinators to
Dec. 2-3:
Feb 25-26:
draft action
Santiago Finance
San Jose
items
Ministerial
Trade
(capital markets
Ministerial
action items)
(trade action
items)
FOREIGN
- Responsible
- Prior to
M AM
MINISTERS
Coordinator
Summit:
REVIEW
Reports Due
Responsible
PROGRESS ON
(Dec. 16)
Coordinator
MIAMI SUMMIT
Reports
SANTIAGO SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS - April 18-19, 1998
IMPLEMENTATION
Released to
Public
PRESIDENT'S TRAVEL TO SOUTH AMERICA
TRIP PLANNING MEETING
JULY 21, 1997
I.
Travel Itinerary
-
Countries, in order Ven, Bruized Drg.
-
Major events and cities/destinations (e.g. MERCOSUR event, Peru/Ecuador mtg,
Speeches to Parliaments, crowd events)
II.
First Lady Itinerary
-
Panama meeting of First Ladies
-
Other recommended stops
III.
Dates of Travel 10/12-19 return October 20
IV.
Update on Deliverables
-
Brazil/education
V.
Communications Strategy
-
Presidential involvement, including speeches and what venues
-
Press plan
VI.
Miscellaneous
-
Congressional/Cabinet involvement
-
Argentina elections
-
McLarty and advance team travel
VII. Taskings
I
memoria FLOTHS pl. caubbern of rials. forest (State?)
1
EF call Etchevenes? he order 9/stms
3
deliverables small group meeting w/ Berger
MERIOSAR Reo/y. Rule SOLE
P/E MNNA
etc. arms sales
11
Blenken - strategy memo for communications
preos. plan.
New Ordeans -Scresetter speech
)
KNEUS memo/NSC Mather trup, etc. th Berger laz next week
-
171.01M in
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
003. memo
Eric Farnsworth to Mack McLarty, re: Planning for October Trip to
07/14/1997
Pl/b(1)
South America (1 page)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
Farnsworth, Eric
OA/Box Number: CF 1047
FOLDER TITLE:
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to
South America, October 1997 [3]
2009-1155-F
ke2543
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA|
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA|
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
004. memo
James Dobbins to Samuel Berger, re: Planning for the October Trip to
07/11/1997
P1/b(1)
South America (2 pages)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
Special Envoy for the Americas
Farnsworth, Eric
OA/Box Number: CF 1047
FOLDER TITLE:
[September/October 1997 Travel] [Binder]: President of the United States Travel to
South America, October 1997 [3]
2009-1155-F
ke2543
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA|
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
DRAFT #2
PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR THE PRESIDENT'S TRIP TO
VENEZUELA, BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA
October 12 - 19, 1997
NOTE: None of the events listed below have received sign-off by the White House. These events
are the requests of the host government.
Sunday, October 12
TBD
DEPART Washington, DC en route Caracas, Venezuela
[flight time: 4 hours and 15 minutes]
Arrival Ceremony
Private Dinner (POTUS/FLOTUS anniversary dinner)
RON
Caracas, Venezuela
Monday, October 13
Message Event/Speech (optional)
Bi-lat w/ Caldera
Wreath Laying at El Panteon (Simon Bolivar's tomb)
State Reception/Lunch
Embassy Event
4:00 pm
WHEELS UP en route Brasilia, Brazil
[flight time: 4 hours and 30 minutes]
[time change: +1]
9:30 pm
ARRIVE in Brasilia, Brazil
RON
Brasilia, Brazil
OPTION #1
OPTION #2
Tuesday, October 14
Tuesday, October 14
Arrival Ceremony
Arrival Ceremony
Speech to Brazilian Congress/
Speech to Brazilian Congress/
Speech to Public/Press Conference
Speech to Public/Press Conference
Bi-lat w/ Cardoso
Bi-lat w/ Cardoso
State Lunch
State Lunch
Embassy Event
Embassy Event
8:00 pm Depart en route Sao Paulo
8:00 pm DEPART en route Sao Paulo or
Rio de Janero
RON Sao Paulo, Brazil
RON Sao Paulo, Brazil or
RON Rio de Janero
Wednesday, October, 15
Wednesday, October, 15
Speech/Business Event/AmCham Event
Speech/Business Event/AmCham Event
Other event
Depart en route Rio de Janero, Brazil
Helo sightseeing tour
OTR Time
RON Sao Paulo, Brazil
Crowd Event (optional)
RON Rio de Janero, Brazil or
RON Sao Paulo
Thursday, October 16
10:00 am
DEPART (Sao Paulo or Rio de Janero) en route Iguacu Falls
[flight time: 1 hour and 30 minutes or ??]
TBD
Visit the Iguacu Falls/ Down Time
4:00 pm
DEPART en route Buenos Aires, Argentina
[flight time: 1 hour and 45 minutes]
Arrival Ceremony
Bi-lat with Menem
Meeting with Opposition Leaders
Private Dinner (POTUS and FLOTUS)
RON
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Friday, October 17
Speech to Congress/Public Event/Press Conference
Wreath Laying at Plaza San Martin
Possible visit to Jewish Community Center
Embassy Event
State Dinner
RON
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Saturday, October 18
9:00 am
DEPART en route to Bariloche, Argentina
[flight time: 2 hours ]
11:00 am
ARRIVE.Bariloche
DOWN TIME
RON
Bariloche, Argentina
Sunday, October 19
DOWN TIME
Monday, October 20
12:00 pm
Depart en route Washington, DC
[flight time: 12 hours]
[time change: +1 hour]
Issues:
1. Where do we want speech/message events?
2. How many press conferences should there be? Where?
3. Do we go to Rio? If so, is Rio the news of the day or is Sao Paulo?
MR. McLARTY
CLIMATE CHANGE
it
Climate Change:
Basic Background
"The science is clear and compelling. We humans are changing the global climate.
Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are at their highest levels in
more than 200,000 years, and climbing sharply Here in the United States, we
must do better In order to reduce greenhouse gases and grow the economy, we
must invest more in the technologies of the future. I am directing my Cabinet to
work to develop them. Government, universities, business and labor must work
together [I]n order to do our part, we have to first convince the American people
and the Congress that the climate change problem is real and imminent."
-- President Bill Clinton
United Nations, June 26, 1997
Why is Climate Change on the Agenda Now?
In less than five months, the world's nations will convene in Kyoto, Japan to set binding
greenhouse gas emission limits for developed nations. This meeting, called the Third Conference
of the Parties, will follow critical negotiating sessions to be held in Bonn, Germany over the next
several months.
The Kyoto Conference is the culmination of a process that began in 1992 at the United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro (the "Rio Summit"). The Rio
Summit produced the Framework Convention on Climate Change (the "Framework" or "FCCC"),
to which 165 nations are presently parties.
Under the Rio Framework, developed nations agreed to a non-binding goal of lowering their
emission of greenhouse gases to 1990 levels by the year 2000. Nearly every developed nation,
including the U.S., will fail to achieve this goal.
In 1995, the parties to the Rio Framework met in Germany (the "First Conference of the Parties")
and negotiated the Berlin Mandate. Under the Mandate, the parties agreed (i) that they would
continue to pursue the Rio Framework's goals, (ii) that the developed nations should negotiate a
"follow-on" agreement, which would cover the post-2000 period, and (iii) that there would be no
new commitments for developing nations, though developing nations would be required to
advance implementation of commitments they made in Rio.
In 1996, the parties met again at Geneva, Switzerland (the "Second Conference of the Parties").
There, the United States called for a binding agreement on greenhouse gas emissions in the post-
2000 period. The Administration now intends to conclude such an agreement in December in
Kyoto.
The Science is Compelling.
Greenhouse gases. Scientists have long understood that greenhouse gases in nature (principally
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides) keep the Earth's temperature an
estimated 60 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it would be absent such gases, thus sustaining our
existence on the planet.
As a result of human activities, the concentration of greenhouse gases have increased markedly
since the Industrial Revolution. The concentration of CO2 -- which accounts for about 85% of all
greenhouse gases -- has increased 30% since preindustrial times from 280 to 360 parts per
million. Current projections indicate that, unless action is taken, atmospheric concentrations of
CO2 will dramatically increase in the next century to over 700 ppm -- which would be the highest
level of CO2 in 50 million years.
Scientific consensus. There is no serious scientific debate about the proposition that (1)
greenhouse gases are rapidly building up in the atmosphere; (2) that these increased
concentrations will change our climate; and (3) that these changes may have serious adverse and
disruptive consequences. Even those who would question whether climate change is already
occurring recognize the truth of this fundamental proposition. During the next century, if we
continue on a business-as-usual trajectory, climate models project an increase in global
temperature of about 2-6.5° F a rate of warming faster than at any time in the last 10,000
years. By way of reference, a cooling in average temperatures of just 9° F brought on the last ice
age.
In addition, the scientific evidence is clear and compelling that human activity -- notably
increasing use of fossil fuels -- has in fact started to change the global climate. The UN-
sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the "IPCC"), concluded in 1995 that "the
balance of evidence suggests that there is discernible human influence on climate change." Some
2600 of the world's leading scientists have publicly endorsed the IPCC's findings, saying that
"[h]uman-induced global climate change is under way." The scientists observed that "further
accumulation of greenhouse gases commits the Earth irreversibly to further global climatic change
and consequent ecological, economic and social disruption." Among the evidence consistent with
the view that climate change is already occurring:
Average global temperature has increased by almost 1.0° F in the past century;
The ten warmest years of the century have occurred since 1980, and 1995 was the
warmest year on record;
The 1980s were the warmest decade on record;
Sea level has risen 4-10 inches in the past century.
U.S. rainfall has increased 6% over the last century, an amount of water equal to
half the yearly flow the Mississippi river;
At the same time, increased evaporation has caused some areas, such as the Great
Plains, California, Texas and Maine, to get drier.
Mountain glaciers are melting worldwide. For example, Glacier National Park
has lost 70% of its glacial area in the last 100 years.
The impact of a business-as-usual increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. The impacts
could be very serious as CO2 concentrations reach and exceed two times preindustrial levels:
Human Health: Warmer temperatures are projected to increase fatalities from
heat stress of the kind that killed 400 in Chicago in 1995 and expand the
geographic ranges for diseases like malaria and dengue fever. Fifty to eighty
million more cases of malaria alone are projected worldwide.
Extreme weather: The change in the planet's water cycle is projected to lead to
increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as floods and
drought.
Sea Level Rise: Sea level is projected to increase by an additional 6-38 inches by
2100. Scientists' "best guess" estimate of a 20-inch rise would inundate 9,000
square miles of the United States, with Florida and the Gulf Coasts most at risk.
Agricultural Impacts: Changes in growing seasons, water availability, soil
moisture and precipitation could cause significant regional shifts in food
productivity, with decreases in food production in many of the world's poorest
regions.
Natural ecosystems will be degraded: For example, during the next century the
geographical range of forests is expected to move several hundred miles north
exceeding the ability of many forests to migrate. The northeast may lose its beech
trees and sugar maples. Western conifer forests will likely shrink.
Some Key Facts About Emissions.
Climate change is a global issue, requiring a global response. While developed
countries have contributed 75 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions since the
beginning of the Industrial Revolution, by 2035, emissions from developing
countries are expected to exceed those from developed countries.
The United States, with only 4% of the world's population, is responsible for
more than 20% of global emissions. U.S. per capita emissions are roughly 50%
greater than the OECD average and eight times that of China.
CO2 emissions account for about 85% of all US greenhouse gas emissions, and
fossil fuel combustion makes up 99% of U.S. CO2 emissions.
1995 CO2 emissions in the United States were divided equally among the three
major end uses: buildings (35%), industry (34%), and transportation (31%).
Current carbon emissions in the United States by fuel type are: petroleum (42%),
natural gas (23%), and coal (35%)
Climate Change Can Be Addressed Without Hurting the Economy
The President's remarks to the Business Roundtable: "I have devoted my passion and the best
ideas I could come up with to try to get this country in good shape economically and socially.
But I do believe it is folly for us to believe that we can go into the next century without a strategy
that says we're going to be responsible and we're going to do our part and lead the world on
environmental issues
Let's find a way to preserve the environment, to meet our international
responsibilities, to meet our responsibilities to our children, and grow the economy at the same
time."
The economists agree. More than 2400 economists, including eight Nobel laureates, have
publicly declared that, if implemented properly, emission reductions "would slow climate change
without harming American living standards, and these measures may in fact improve U.S.
productivity in the longer run."
Our international policies. The United States has proposed a three-part framework for
achieving a stronger, more cost-effective and comprehensive treaty:
Binding Emission Targets. To help guarantee the effectiveness of global efforts
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the U.S. will promote binding targets for
developed nations to reduce their emissions. Almost all developed nations,
including the United States, will fall well short of the non-binding goals in the
1992 Rio Convention.
Flexibility. To ensure that emission reductions are pursued in the most cost-
effective manner, the Administration supports proposals for maximum flexibility,
such as allowing the trading of emission permits among developed nations and
allowing so-called "joint implementation," under which developed and developing
countries work together on specific energy projects to reduce emissions. These
measures can provide strong incentives to achieve the greatest possible
reductions at the lowest possible cost.
Participation of Developing Countries. Climate change is a global problem that
requires all nations to commit to appropriate action. While it is proper for
industrialized nations to take the first steps, the developing countries -- whose
emissions are projected to catch up with those of the developed world by 2035 --
must be part of the solution. The U.S. proposal calls on developing countries to
advance their existing commitments under the 1992 Convention; and to agree to a
subsequent negotiation in which, by 2005, they will accept binding targets and
agree on a mechanism allowing "graduation" from developing country status to
developed country status.
Our domestic policies. The President has not yet endorsed any emissions target or timetable, and
specific policies to implement a target and timetable are still being developed. But the
Administration's policy work is guided by certain broad principles.
President Clinton is committed to responsible. balanced action to confront the
threat of climate change. The Administration rejects both extremes of the climate
change debate: those who want to take drastic actions that would severely disrupt
our economy and those who dismiss the scientific evidence and say we need not
act.
President Clinton will only take actions that preserve our vigorous economic
growth. The Administration believes -- and has demonstrated -- that
environmental protection and economic growth can and should go hand in hand.
The Clinton Administration will emphasize solutions based on flexible. market-
based policies, not government regulation. These programs include emissions
trading within the United States.
The Clinton Administration will invest in research and development to promote
technologies that reduce the emissions that cause climate change, save energy,
and reduce our dependence on foreign oil. We will work to help American
industry increase its role as the world leader in developing environmental
technology.
The Administration Has a Strong Record to Build Upon.
Over the last four and a half years, the Administration has built a strong climate change record.
The Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP). CCAP began in 1993 with a goal of returning total
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions to their 1990 levels by the year 2000. Although the CCAP will fall
well short of this goal, CCAP programs will result in emissions reductions of about 76 million
metric tons of carbon-equivalent by the year 2000.
The plan includes some 50 initiatives covering major sectors of the U.S. economy. It addresses
energy demand, energy supply, and forestry. Agency participants include DOE, EPA, and USDA.
The CCAP includes measures to reduce all significant greenhouse gases in all sectors of the
economy. It is a voluntary program that relies on partnerships and cooperation between the
public and private sectors in developing new low-emissions, high-efficiency technologies.
Because of lower-than-expected fuel prices and higher-than expected economic growth and
electricity demand, overall emissions growth has outstripped the emissions reductions achieved by
CCAP. Additionally, Congress has made significant reductions (about 40% in recent years) in
CCAP's funding, thus preventing full implementation of some of CCAP's initiatives.
Federal energy consumption. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 and Executive Order 12902
challenge Federal building managers to reduce energy consumption by 20% per square foot by
2000, and 30% by 2005, relative to a 1985 baseline. With declining Federal resources available,
the Federal Energy Management Program is emphasizing the use of private-sector investment
through energy-saving performance contracting and utility financing of energy efficiency to meet
these goals. The combination of Federal funding and anticipated private sector funding of up to
$4.3 billion through 2005 should make these goals attainable.
Partnership for a New Generation Vehicle (PNGV). Although the fuel economy of cars has
nearly doubled in the last 25 years, Americans travel more than twice as many miles today as we
did in 1970, with a net result of increased fuel consumption and increased greenhouse gas
emissions from personal vehicles. While technology has reduced many of the emissions from
automobiles, CO2 emissions are the exception.
The PNGV program joins the big three U.S. automakers, Federal agencies and many suppliers of
materials and equipment in an effort to develop a more efficient automobile. The program's goal
is to triple the fuel efficiency of passenger cars with no decrease in comfort or safety.
Partnership for Advancing Technologies in Housing (PATH). Energy use in buildings is
responsible for about a third of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, and rising. Major improvements
can be made in the quality of housing, while reducing energy use by 50% or more and lowering
costs. The PATH initiative will bring together building suppliers, assemblers, insurance
companies, and state and local regulators to explore and demonstrate how innovation in
construction markets can achieve environmental goals with an affordable, attractive product.
Discussions are underway with jurisdictions in Colorado, Florida and California. HUD, DOE, and
NIST are playing major roles.
Biomass Energy Initiative. The biomass energy initiative involves converting agricultural crops
to liquid and gaseous fuels. The Departments of Energy and Agriculture are now working with
private companies to improve technologies and to demonstrate the potential for such power
projects to aid rural development. The initiative has sponsored pilot projects in New York,
Minnesota and Iowa.
Million Solar Roofs Initiative. DOE will lead an effort to place one million solar energy systems
on U.S. roofs by the year 2010, by using existing Federal grants, procurement, and other
programs, and by working with local communities, businesses, governments, and utilities to
increase sales of solar energy systems. By 2010, this initiative could avert carbon dioxide
emissions equivalent to those of 850,000 cars and will produce the same electrical generating
capacity as several coal-fired power plants.
The President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). The President
directed PCAST to conduct a review of national energy R&D policies, which would assess their
adequacy and "ensure the United States has a program that addresses its energy and
environmental needs for the next century." PCAST will present its recommendations on publicly-
supported R&D, incentives for private energy R&D, and commitments to international energy
R&D, by October 1, 1997.
Regional Climate Change Workshops. The White House Office of Science and Technology
Policy and the U.S. Global Change Research Program are sponsoring a series of workshops to
examine the vulnerabilities of various regions of the United States to climate variability and
climate change and to gather information across regions to support national scientific assessment
(called for in the Global Change Research Act of 1990). Eighteen workshops with the full
involvement of relevant stakeholders are being held in different regions of the country.
Climate Change Message
Climate change is a serious problem for us, our children and our grandchildren. The President is
committed to taking responsible action to confront the threat that climate change poses. The
United States will support international agreements that set realistic goals and that require
participation by all countries -- industrial and developing. At home, we support flexible, market-
based reforms based on the principle that vigorous economic growth and protection of the earth
must go hand in hand. It is up to us not only to prepare our children for the world of the 21st
century, but to protect that world for our children.
Climate Change Talking Points
The Need for Action
There is now scientific consensus that (1) greenhouse gases are rapidly building up in the
atmosphere; (2) that these increased concentrations will change our climate; and (3) that
these changes may have serious adverse and disruptive consequences. Even those who
would question whether climate change is already occurring recognize the truth of this
fundamental proposition.
In addition, the scientific evidence is clear and compelling that human activity -- notably
increasing use of fossil fuels -- has in fact started to change the global climate. More than
2,600 of the world's leading scientists have said that "human-induced global climate
change is underway" and that continued increases in emissions of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases "commits the earth irreversibly to further global climatic change and
consequent ecological, economic and social disruption."
Scientists agree that global warming and disruptions in the world's climate could seriously
harm human health -- projections include an additional 50 million cases of malaria per
year; increase the incidence and intensity of devastating floods and droughts; raise sea
levels enough to inundate 9000 square miles along the U.S. coastline; decrease food
production in some of the world's poorest nations; and threaten the survival of many plant
and animal species.
In December, more than 160 nations, including the United States, will meet in Kyoto in an
effort to complete negotiations on a new international climate change agreement.
International Agreements -- Background and Principles
Background
The new climate change convention will replace a 1992 agreement adopted at the Earth
Summit in Rio. That agreement included non-binding commitments to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions.
The industrialized nations, including the United States, agree that the new convention
should require them to set and reach binding commitments and timetables for reductions
in greenhouse gas emissions.
Members of the European Union and other industrialized countries have proposed that by
the year 2010, developed nations agree to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to a level
15 percent below 1990. The United States believes that target is unrealistic but we have
not yet proposed our own target or timetable.
REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
IN ADDRESS TO THE UNITED NATIONS
SPECIAL SESSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
The United Nations
New York, New York
June 26, 1997
Thank you very much. Mr. President, Mr. Secretary General,
ladies and gentlemen: Five years ago in Rio, the nations of
the world joined together around a simple but revolutionary
proposition, that today's progress must not come at tomorrow's
expense.
In our era, the environment has moved to the top of the
international agenda because how well a nation honors it will
have an impact, for good or ill, not only on the people of that
nation, but all across the globe. Preserving the resources we
share is crucial not only for the quality of our individual
environments and health, but also to maintain stability and peace
within nations and among them. As the father of conservation in
our nation, John Muir, said, "When we try to pick anything out by
itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe."
In the years since Rio, there has been real progress in some
areas. Nations have banned the dumping of radioactive wastes in
the ocean and reduced marine pollution from sources on land.
We're working to protect the precious coral reefs, to conserve
threatened fish, to stop the advance of deserts. At the Cairo
Conference on Population and Development,. we reaffirmed the
crucial importance of cooperative family planning efforts to
long-term sustainable development.
Here in America, we have worked to clean up a record number
of our toxic dumps and we intend to clean 500 more over the next
four years. We passed new laws to better protect our water,
created new national parks and monuments, and worked to harmonize
our efforts for environmental protection, economic growth and
social improvement, aided by a distinguished Council on
Sustainable Development.
Yesterday, I announced the most far-reaching efforts to
improve air quality in our nation in 20 years, cutting smog
levels dramatically, and, for the first time ever, setting
standards to lower the levels of the fine particles in the
atmosphere that form soot. In America, the incidence of
childhood asthma has been increasing rapidly. It is now the
single biggest reason our children are hospitalized: These
measures will help to change that, to improve health of people
of all ages, and to prevent as many as 15,000 premature deaths
a year.
2
Still, we here have much more to do, especially in reducing
America's contribution to global climate change.
The science is clear and compelling: We humans are changing
the global climate. Concentrations of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere are at their highest levels in more than 200,000
years, and climbing sharply. If the trend is not changed,
scientists expect the seas to rise two feet or more over the next
century. In America, that means 9,000 square miles of Florida,
Louisiana, and other coastal areas will be flooded. In Asia,
17 percent of Bangladesh, land on which 6 million people now
live, will be lost. Island chains such as the Maldives will
disappear from the map, unless we reverse the predictions.
Climate changes will disrupt agriculture, cause severe
droughts and floods and the spread of infectious diseases,
which will be a big enough problem for us under the best of
circumstances in the 21st century. There could be 50 million
or more cases of malaria a year. We can expect more deaths from
heat stress. Just two years ago, here in the United States in
the city of Chicago, we saw the tragedy of more than 400 of our
citizens dying during a severe heat wave.
No nation can escape this danger. None can evade its
responsibility to confront it. And we must all do our part --
industrial nations that emit the largest quantities of greenhouse
gases today, and developing nations whose green house gas
emissions are growing rapidly. I applaud the European Union for
its strong focus on this issue, and the World Bank for setting
environmental standards for projects it will finance in the
developing world.
Here in the United States, we must do better. With
4 percent of the world's population, we already produce more
than 20 percent of its greenhouse gases. Frankly, our record
since Rio is not sufficient. We have been blessed with high
rates of growth and millions of new jobs over the last few years,
but that has led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions in
spite of the adoption of new conservation practices. So we must
do better, and we will.
The air quality action I took yesterday is a positive first
step, but more must follow. In order to reduce greenhouse gases
and grow the economy, we must invest more in the technologies of
the future. I am directing my Cabinet to work to development
them. Government, universities, business and labor must work
together. All these efforts must be sustained over, years,
indeed, over decades. As Vice President Gore said Monday,
"Sustainable development requires sustained commitment."
With that commitment, we can succeed.
3
We must create new technologies and development new
strategies like emissions trading that will both curtail
pollution and support continued economic growth. We owe that
in the developed world to ourselves and, equally, to those in
the developing nations.
Many of the technologies that will help us to meet the new
air quality standards can also help us to address climate change.
This is a challenge we must undertake immediately and one in
which I personally plan to play a critical role.
In the United States, in order to do our part, we have to
first convince the American people and the Congress that the
climate change problem is real and imminent. I will convene a
White House Conference on Climate Change later this year to lay
the scientific facts before our people, to understand that we
must act, and to lay the economic facts there so that they
understand the benefits and the costs. With the best ideas and
strategies and new technologies and increased productivity and
energy efficiency, we can turn the challenge to our advantage.
We will work with our people and we will bring to the Kyoto
conference a strong American commitment to realistic and binding
limits that will significantly reduce our emissions of greenhouse
gases.
I want to mention three other initiatives briefly that we
are taking to deal with climate change and to advance sustainable
development here and beyond our borders.
First, to help developing nations reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, the United States will provide $1 billion in
assistance over the next five years to support energy efficiency,
develop alternative energy sources and improve resource
management to promote growth that does not have an adverse effect
on the climate.
Second, we will do more to encourage private investment to
meet environmental standards. The Overseas Private Investment
Corporation will now require that its projects adhere to new and
strengthened environmental guidelines, just as our Export-Import
Bank already does and as I hope our allies and friends soon will.
Common guidelines for responsible investment clearly would lead
to more sustainable growth in developing nations.
Third, we must increase our use of new technologies even
as we move to develop more new technologies. Already, we are
working with our auto industry to produce cars by early in the
next century that are three times as fuel-efficient as today's
vehicles. Now we will work with businesses and communities to
use the sun's energy to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels by
4
installing solar panels on 1 million more roofs around our nation
by 2010. Capturing the sun's warmth can help us to turn down the
Earth's temperature.
Distinguished leaders, in all of our cultures we have been
taught from time immemorial that, as Scripture says, "One
generation passes away and another comes, but the Earth abides
forever." We must strengthen our stewardship of the environment
to make that true and to ensure that when this generation passes,
the young man who just spoke before me and all of those of his
generation will inherit a rich and abundant Earth.
Thank you very much.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 26, 1997
Via Facsimile 54-1-344-3789
Dr. Alberto Kohan
Secretario General de la Presidencia
Balcarze 50, 1st Floor
1064 Buenos Aires
Argentina
Dear Alberto:
I appreciated the chance to speak with you earlier this week and look
forward to seeing you next Wednesday in Buenos Aires.
As I mentioned, climate change is one of President Clinton's top
priorities. Just one week before his trip to Argentina, the President
will host a major White House conference on this subject. As you may
know, negotiations under the global climate change treaty are expected
to conclude in Kyoto this December.
I understand that our climate change negotiators have pursued the points
we discussed this week, both in New York and Buenos Aires. I have asked
our chargé in Buenos Aires to meet with you to discuss these matters
with you in more detail before my arrival. I look forward to further
discussions when we meet next week.
I hope you will give our climate change proposals the most serious
consideration as we prepare for the President's trip. We look forward
to a successful environment event in Bariloche.
Sincerely,
Mack McLarty
(Dictated but not read.)