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Summit - Energy
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Records of the Office of the Special Envoy for the Americas (Clinton Administration)
Thomas "Mack" McLarty's files
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Folder Title:
Summit - Energy
Staff Office-Individual:
Special Envoy for the Americas-McLarty, Thomas (Mack)
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CF 1043
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26
6
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3
V
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OPTIONAL FORM 99 (7-90)
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9
To
Dor they
From JACKIE
January 21, 1998
Dept./Agency
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#
FOR NECSON, STEVE
1
ANDREW
Fax #
Fax #
MEMORANDUM FOR MACK M
62464
NSN 7540-01-317-7368
5099-101
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
From:
Dan Lesmez Pa
File
cc:
Special Envoy Staff
Summit
- Energy
Re:
Report on the Summit of the Americas Third Energy Ministerial
The Summit of the America's Third Hemispheric Meeting of Energy Ministers held in Caracas
January 15-16, and co-chaired by U.S. Secretary Federico Peña and Venezuelan Minister of
Energy and Mines Erwin Aricta, was highly productive and resulted in a wide-ranging
declaration agreed to by the Ministers (attached). Representatives from 26 countries participated,
including 17 ministers.
The declaration, agreed to by consensus, reinforced the sweeping reforms taking place in energy
sectors throughout the hemisphere by reaffirming the Ministries' commitment to further
liberalize energy sectors in support of the overall FTAA process. In addition, Ministers from
developed and developing countries, alike, demonstrated a willingness to cooperate on global
climate change and work toward implementation of the Kyoto agreement and the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The vast majority of the objectives that the U.S. pursued at this ministerial were achieved despite
strong resistance early on to them, which included:
Endorsement of further energy sector liberalization and physical interconnectedness of
the energy grids in support of the FTAA process;
Institutionalization of hemispheric energy activities through the creation of an energy
secretariat, and;
Restoration of the working group on global climate change and a commitment by
developing countries to adopt specific measures to reduce green house emissions, such as
through the use of clean development mechanisms that reduce or scquester emissions,
institute workable rules for emissions trading, and promote energy efficient use and
renewable energy, in accordance with the Kyoto agreement and in light of the Argentina
round of negotiations for implementation of Kyoto in November;
A joint ministerial declaration was produced (another U.S. objective) spelling out these
accomplishments. Due to time constraints, the Ministers were unable to craft a Presidential
Declaration and Action Plan for the Santiago Summit, although Secretary Peña circulated
proposed language for both (also attached) and asked that the Ministers get back to the United
States with comments within two weeks. If a consensus cannot be reached on the text for the
Santiago Summit's Political Declaration and Action Plan through informal consultations, there is
an opportunity to negotiate the text language at a steering committee meeting scheduled for rnid-
February.
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The high priority that the USG places in the hemisphere's energy sector was evident, given our
role of as co-coordinators on this SOA initiative in Venezuela. On the eve of the Ministerial,
Secretary Peña and U.S. Ambassador Maisto co-hosted a dinner for ministers at the residence.
The presence of U.S. Senate Energy Committee Chairman Murkowski demonstrated the
importance that we place on the energy relationship we share with the region.
Mindful of the pledge made at the SOA to conclude negotiations on the FTAA by 2005, the
ministers agreed to work cooperatively on a far-reaching agenda, in the "shortest time possible,"
that would facilitate greater integration of energy markets and cross-border infrastructure
development. To achieve this, the ministers agreed to work to remove trade barriers tasking the
steering committec with coordinating their work in this area closely with the trade ministers
working groups to ensure the market opening measures adequately cover the energy sector;
promote greater private sector investment through predictable, transparent and non-
discriminatory legal, tax, and regulatory systems, and; strengthen the regulatory environment to
ensure that the ministries are equipped to act fairly in a more liberalized system, including
assuring open access of third parties to surplus capacities remaining in grids, and adopting higher
standards to preserve the environment
There was significant dialogue in support of the institutionalization of energy activities through
the establishment of a secretariat. Two concrete proposals were discussed at length, one using
the OAS as its headquarters and the other creating a "virtual" secretariat, both of which included
the Organization of Latin American Energy (OLADE) in Quito as a technical support arm of the
secretariat. Other institution proposals including FIU and the Energy Institute of the Americas
at the University of Oklahoma were not considered at length. Rather than tasking the Steering
Committee with analyzing bids and making a recommendation to the Ministers for their
approval, as had been contemplated by USG officials, the Ministers opted to move ahead and
create a virtual secretariat consisting of energy officials in Venezuela and the U.S., with OLADE
providing the technical support, on a trial basis for a year. The OAS would have received
stronger consideration, but it was unclear whether the OAS would be willing to house the
secretariat.
To meet the challenge of rural electrification, the ministers undertook to find sustainable
financial solutions, including the private sector and multilateral financial institutions.
The USG hoped to achieve strong commitments on global climate. However, it was clear from
the onset when the Stecring Committee convened on Wednesday, that the U.S. faced significant
resistance and would be lucky to emerge with any language on global climate change for the
joint declaration and the Santiago Summit. Yet, the Ministers reached agreement on text
proposed by Argentina, Vcnezuela, Nicaragua and Mexico, that reactivates the working group on
climate change for the purpose of exchanging information and analyzing cooperation activities
and mechanisms among countries in the hemisphere, in light of the Framework Convention, 1he
decisions made at Kyoto, and the results of discussions to be held later this year in Buenos Aires.
It is unlikely that the Ministers will commit to more detailed text in the Summit Declaration and
plan of action, than was agreed to for the joint declaration. Therefore, the Caracas Declaration
global climate language could serve as a platform for achieving greater commitments from
developing countries in other ministerials or fora prior to the Santiago Summit.
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At the conclusion of the Ministerial, Minister Tellez' offer to have Mexico host the fourth
ministerial was accepted. The date and place will be determined at a later date.
A side note, Luis Guisti at a lunch presentation put things in perspective by stating that
developing countries should do their share on global climate change mindful that they produce
25% of the world's green house gas emissions, while the industrialized countries produced the
rest. Nonetheless, Giusti also recognized that with development and improved standards of
living comes increased pollution, and $0 the developing world should adopt policies that also
take this factor into account.
John Harrington, former DAS for ARA for economic affairs and currently with CLAA, stated at
a breakfast that there is consideration been given to adding to one of the trade working groups,
perhaps the one on Market Access, a sub-working group on encrgy-related issues. And related,
Tito Colorado, also with CLAA, contributed to putting things in perspective by stating that while
about 75 percent of the hemispheric population lives in the Southern Conc countries and the
NAFTA countries, about 75 percent of hemisphere's countries lie outside of these two regions.
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ENERGY MINISTERS PROPOSED LANGUAGE
POLITICAL DECLARATION
WE AGREE THAT THE EXPANSION OF REGIONAL ENERGY TRADE AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOST ECONOMICALLY EFFICIENT ENERGY
INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTING OUR COUNTRIES PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE
IN THE STRENGTHENING AND ADVANCEMENT THE INTEGRATION OF THE
ECONOMIES OF OUR HEMISPHERE. AT THE SAME TIME THE INTEGRATION
OF OUR ENERGY MARKETS PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN MOVING TO THE
MOST EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE DEVELOPMENT
AND USE OF ENERGY.
ACTION PLAN
INTEGRATION:
TO ENSURE THE SOCIALLY BENEFICIAL DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTINABLE
USE OF ENERGY, ENHANCE THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND
FURTHER INTEGRATE OUR ECONOMIES, GOVERNMENTS WILL IMPLEMENT,
BY THE YEAR 2000, THE POLICY LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
THAT WILL FACILIATE THE CONSTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE THAT
WILL MOST EFFICIENTLY INTERCONNECT OUR INDIVIDUAL ENERGY
MARKETS. TO SUPPORT THESE EFFORTS, WE WILL INSTITUTIONALIZE
OUR COOPERATIVE EFFORTS ON ENERGY.
CLIMATE CHANGE:
CONSISTENT WITH THE UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE
CHANGE, AND RECOGNIZING THE HISTORIC DECISIONS MADE IN KYOTO AT
THE THIRD CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES, WE AGREE TO:
PARTICIPATE IN THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLEAN
DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM RESULTING IN INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AND
LAND USE PROJECTS THAT REDUCE OR SEQUESTER EMISSIONS;
PARTICIPATE IN THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF WORKABLE RULES
FOR EMISSIONS TRADING; AND MANAGE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY
DEVELOPING APPROPRIATE DOMESTIC POLICIES AND TOOLS WHICH WILL
PROMOTE CLEAN AND EFFICIENT ENERGY USE, REDUCED BARRIERS TO
ENERGY EFFICIENCY, RENEWABLE ENERGY AND OTHER CLEANER
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES.
WE TASK OUR ENERGY AND OTHER RELEVANT MINISTERS TO WORK
COLLABORATIVELY TOWARD THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS ACTION ITEM,
AS CONSISTENT WITH THE HEMISPHERIC ENERGY INITIATIVE BEGUN IN
MIAMI IN 1994. PROGRESS SHALL BE MONITORED BY THE HEMISPHERIC
ENERGY STEERING COMMITTEE AND REPORTS SHALL BE MADE TO THE
CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON
CLIMATE CHANGE.
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OPTIONAL FORM BE (7-90)
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temisfertea
For 647-4037 #
Fax 1
Hd Enorgia
NSN 7540-01-317-7388
5099-101
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
Chero declane
THIRD HEMISPHERIC MEETING OF ENERGY MINISTERS
CARACAS, VENEZUELA
JANUARY 15-16, 1998
CARACAS DECLARATION
INTRODUCTION
The Energy Ministers of the Hemisphere, with the mandates of the Summit of the
Americas of December 1994, celebrated in Miami, U. S. A., as well as the
agreements from the First Hemispheric Meeting of Energy Ministers/ Hemispheric
Energy Simposium celebrated in Washington; D. C., October 1995, anc the
Second Hemispheric Meeting of Energy Ministers celebrated in July 1996 in Sianta
Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, now celebrate the Third Hemispheric Meeting of Energy
Ministers with the following objectives:
Evaluate the fulfillment of the commitments adopted.
Review the state of progress of the activities that the different working groups of
the hemispheric energy initiative are carrying out under the coordination cf the
Steering Committee.
Further strengthen the hernispheric cooperation process in the area of energy
Consider the institutionalization of the Hemispheric Energy Initiative and
especially the options for establishing a Coordinating Secretariat for this
Initiave.
Become Informed regarding the meeting held by the private sector entitled
"First Energy Business Forum of the Americas"
Consider the paragraphs to be proposed to the Heads of State and
Government with respect to the topic of energy which will be submitted for
consideration at the Second Summit of the Americas for their inclusion in the
Declaration of Principles and in the Action Plan that the Heads of State and
Government will sign.
CONSIDERING
That in the Declaration of Principles and the Action Plan adopted at the Summit
of the Americas, the Heads of State and Government of the Hemisphere
committed to guaranteeing sustainable development and conservation 0" the
environment for present and future generations and stated that sustair able
economic development requires hemispheric cooperation in the area of
Energy; commitments that were countersigned at the Hemispheric Summit
celebrated In Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Bolivia, in December 1996.
000
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Reunlon Hemtsférica
de Ministros de Energia
Curside. 15 y 115 de anew de 15191A
That during the First Hemispheric Meeting of Energy Ministers held in
Washington, D.C., U.S.A., it was agreed to increase regional cooperation
among governments, multilateral financing institutions, non-governmental
organizations and the private sector as a mechanism to achieve economic and
energy development in our hemisphere,
That at the Second Hemispheric Meeting of Energy Ministers held in Santa
Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, in July 1995, the key role of the energy sector in the
achievement of sustainable development was confirmed, and the need to
promote private Investment in the sector was recognized.
That at the Second Hemispheric Meeting of Energy Ministers, energy supply to
rural areas was qualified as being imperative due to its importance in
sustainable human development That the Heads of State and Government of
the Hemisphere at the Summit on Sustainable Development resolved to
collaborate on strategies and training to increase access to energy services in
rural areas In order to assure a hernispheric coverage for 80% of the total
population in the year 2010.
That this Third Hemispheric Meeting furthered the understanding of those
aspects essential to the advancement of the hemispheric Integration process
as well as identifying the following complementary elements:
1. To acknowedge that the development of regional links in the energy sector
and the intensification of the marketing of energy related products, goods
and services, have acquired high levels of dynamism, which may strengthen
and foster the Integration Process of the Americas. Likewise, integration
contributes to the achievement of the goals of sustainable development in
the energy sector as stated in the Summits of he Americas.
2. To ratify that the energy sector can be a driving force in the Integration
Process. Aware of the challenge this implies, It Is necessary to recognize
that consensus does exist in identifying the care principles that take into
account different national conditions and objectives. in order that the
integration processes be the result of transparent and competitive activities.
These activities should be oriented toward improving the quality of life of the
inhabitants of the hemisphere by satisfying their demands, applying high-
quality technologies with minimal impact to the envirronment.
3. To recognize that the consolidation of these principles will require a
considerable effort to design and implement policies and programs to be
applied by the respective governments. To accomplish this, it is necessary
to intensify the exchange of experiences and cooperation in trade policies,
COO
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NERDX DE VENEZUELA
Num Fax: 9915221
10
Ш
Reunton I temisférica
de Ministros de: Energia
Caracas. IS y IN de enero c/o- IWON
regulatory and tax frameworks, based on the advances achieved through
this initlative.
WE HEREBY DECLARE
Organization
We the Ministers recognize the need to assure a continuity of efforts In our
countries within this framework of cooperation.
In this sense, we have decided to create a Coordinating Secretariat for one year as
a one-stage trial. This Secretariat will be composed of:
- An official from the Ministry of Energy and Mines of the Republic of Venezuela
with appropiate support, with headquarters in Caracas.
- An official from the US Department of Energy with headquarters In Washington,
D.C.
- An official appointed by the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE) with
headquarters in Quito, Republic of Ecuador.
The official based in Venezuela will be the focal point for handling querles,
providing administrative assistance and dealing with the flow of Information. etc.
We charge the Steering Committee with the definition of the mechanisms of
rapport with the Coordinating Secretariat so that the latter may efficiently support
the workgroups.
Integration of Energy Markets
Recognizing the commitment of our Governments to conclude negotiations in the
area of Free Trade in the Americas (ALCA) at the latest by the year 2005, we the
Ministers commit to promoting policies and processes that facilitate infrastru cture
development beyond international borders. as well as the marketing of products,
goods and services related to the energy sector, for the integration of the energy
markets in accordance with the commitments that our Governments take on within
the context of the negotiations in the area of Free Trade in the Americas (ALCA).
In order to achieve an Increased integration of energy markets, we the Ministers
undertake to promote as diligently as possible policies and processes fostering
infrastructure development across international borders,
001
P
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Reunión Hemisférica
de Ministros de: Enorgia
Caracas. 15 " 16 in enero dc IDDA
In this sense and with the purpose of promoting the removal of existing barriers in
the market of energy products, and in order to facilitate the formulating of specific
proposals to stimulate the free marketing of energy, the Steering Committes is
charged with the study of coordination mechanisms with the ALCA workgroups, for
the purpose of obtaining information regarding the progress achieved in the
different work areas that conform the present commercial integration process
related to the energy sector. The result of this research should be presented for
consideration by the Energy Ministers at the Fourth Hemispheric Ministers'
Meeting.
Regulatory Framework:
In accordance with the legal and constitutional rules of every State, we agree to:
To take steps so that national regulations allow market forces to operate with
the greatest freedom and transparency.
To promote the creation and strengthening of regulatory entities in order to
develop and maintain predictable and transparent regulatory systems which
take into account the needs of the different Parties involved, Including
producers, suppliers and consumers.
To facilitate the integration of the markets of natural gas and electr city
exchange via fixed grids, and with this end in mind we will promote the
development of domestic regulations aimed at:
1, Assuring open access of third parties to the capacity remaining in these
grids,
2. Assuring non-discriminatory treatment for local and foreign companies,
3. Providing broad access to information,
4. Preserving the environment, and
5. Maintaining rellability and safety of the respective energy systems.
Investment promotion
In accordance with the International commitments that the States may take on
within the context of the negotiations in the Free Trade Area of the Americas and
other International agreements, we the Energy Ministers recognize that it Is
necessary to establish predictable, transparent and non-discriminatory legal. tax
and regulatory systems in order to promote local and foreign private investment in
the energy sector in the permitted areas in the respective Constitutions.
£00
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Rounton
do Ministros as Energia
Chracas. 15 y 111 the encro de IDUE
Rural electrification
In accordance with the constitutional rules of every country, we undertake to find
sustainable financial solutions in order to meet the goals regarding rural
electrification coverage, as stated in the Action Plan of the Summit on Sustainable
Development, seeking to involve the private sector and multilateral financing
organizations.
Considering Strategies for Climate Change
We the Ministers recognize the key role technologies play in managing the
environmental aspects related to energy and we exhort hemispheric cooperation in
order to achieve successful results in this field.
Based on the above, we the Ministers agree to reactivate the workgroup on climate
change for purposes of exchanging information and analyzing cooperation
activities and mechanisms among the countries of the Hernisphere, in the light of
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the decis ons
made at the III Conference of the Parties held in Kyoto, Japan; as well as of the
results of the discussion to be held at the meeting in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
November 1998.
We agree to instruct the Steering Committee to develop, with the support of the
Coordinating Secretariat, the report for approval by the Energy Ministers. This
report will be presented at the II Summit of the Americas to be held in Santiago de
Chile in April 1998.
We agree to instruct the Steering Committee to follow up on the measures and
actions set forth in this Declaration, and 10 convoke the IV Hemispheric Meeting of
Energy Ministers in 1999, to be held in Mexico on a date to be defined.
We would like to express our gratitude to the Government and the people of the
Republic of Venezuela for their warm welcome and excellent organization of this
meeting.
We hereby express our consent in regard to the text of this Declaration in with ess
whereof we sign hereon in the city of Caracas, Republic of Venezuela, on this 16th
day of January, 1998.
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THE WHITE HOUSE
File
WASHINGTON
Summit
January 26, 1998
-Energy
The Honorable David L. Boren
President
The University of Oklahoma
660 Parrington Oval, Room 110
Norman, OK 73019-0390
Dear David:
Your letter of January 20th regarding a potential secretariat
role for the EIA is received, noted, and appreciated. I was
most impressed with the presentation by Ambassador Corr and Dr.
Gertsch, and they are outstanding individuals, both personally
and professionally, as you know. I think your basic premise that
we are achieving a more collaborative and cooperative process in
hemispheric energy matters is an accurate one. Moreover, the
points you make about the OAS and OLADE are appropriate
reservations.
Let me review this matter in a careful and serious way with
Secretary Pena and others, and I look forward to discussing it
further with you and Ambassador Perkins. I will be in touch
soon.
Personally,
and
I thest An is love (c 04 about in
The grint State of
bcc:Nelson
Dan
Eric
Desk
EIAFILE EIA FILE
THE OF
18907
The University of Oklahoma
response
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
Nelson -DA
Enic
File
January 20, 1998
Desc
Mr. Thomas McLarty, III
Counselor to the President
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Mark McLarty:
Ambassador Ed Perkins, Director of our International Programs Center, and I were
briefed on the meeting you had recently with two representatives of the University of
Oklahoma: Ambassador Ed Corr and Dr. W.D. Gertsch concerning our Energy Institute
of the Americas (EIA).
I established the EIA early in my tenure as OU's president in what is a co-venture with
my counterpart at Simon Bolivar University in Caracas, Venezuela. Our respective
countries are obviously key to energy policy and related matters in the Western
Hemisphere, and we seek opportunities to align our activities as much as possible with
the objectives being pursued by the hemispheric energy ministers' initiative. Since the
formation of EIA, we have been joined by universities in Calgary and Brazil. Highest
ranking officials from both Petrobras and Petroleos de Venezuela, together with former
Secretary James Schlesinger, Archie Dunham (CEO, Conoco) and Charles Schusterman
(CEO, Samson Energy) comprise the board of EIA.
I understand that the scope and intensity of work of the Western Hemispheric Energy
Initiative - the meetings of its standing committees and the energy ministers' meetings -
have reached such a level that thought is being given by the Hemisphere's energy
ministers to the establishment of a secretariat. My opinion on this is that the secretariat
should reside in an institution that is apolitical and acceptable to private sector energy
companies, state energy companies, and Hemispheric governments. The Energy Institute
of the Americas that was formed by Venezuelans and Oklahomans fits this description.
660 Parrington Oval Room 110 Norman Oklanoma 73019-0390 (405) 325-3916 FAX (405) 325-7605
Mr. Thomas McLarty, III
January 20, 1998
Page Two
We hear that the Organization of American States (OAS) might like to perform this
function, but Cuban membership there and possible OAS problems of excluding Cuba
from the Initiative make the OAS problematical. The Energy Organization of Latin
American (OLADE) is also mentioned as a candidate for the Secretariat, but the fact that
the United States is not a member of OLADE make it unattractive.
I believe the Energy Institute of the Americas would be ideal as the Western Hemisphere
Energy Initiative secretariat. The EIA's growing recognition, competence, and efficiency
together with its multi-national make-up, objectivity, and non-political orientation give it
an advantage over other organizations. : hope that our government will consider
recommending that the EIA become the secretariat.
With best regards,
Sincerely,
David 100 L. Boren
President
cc:
Secretary of Energy Federico Pena
File
The
Adread
,Issues
Energy Council
-Energy
December 16, 1997
Chairman Th Bebout
Houseon Repre sentatives
Mr. Thomas F. McLarty III
Wyoming
Counselor to the President and
Special Envoy for the Americas
Vir Chamman Manny Vargon
Executive Office of the President
Segate Pressions Pin Tem
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Viii
3
per
First Floor, West Wing
Washington, D.C. 20500
Director
Dear Mr. McLarty:
122M John Carpenter Enn
Suite 525
As you may recall, the Energy Council is an organization of legislators from ten
Irving. Texas 75039
energy-producing states. Last September at the Energy Council's Annual Meeting Venezuela
became part of the Council, joining Alberta as our second international affiliate. Venezuela has
email:
appointed the Chairmen of the House and Senate Energy and Mines Committees to the
[email protected]
Council's Executive Committee. Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. has been a member of our
Phone: (972) 717-8105
research affiliate, the Center for Legislative Energy and Environmental Research (CLEER), for
Fax: (972) 717-6107
three years. Enclosed are directories that will give you a better idea of our membership.
for
In January, Arkansas Senator Stanley Russ, as Chairman of CLEER, will join the Council's
Chairman, Representative Eli Bebout of Wyoming, in leading a delegation of Executive
Committee legislators and CLEER members, including Brad Keithley of Jones Day, to
Venezuela to participate in the Energy Business Forum (January 13-14) and observe the Energy
Ministerial Meeting (January 14-15). We understand that the Ministerial Meeting will discuss
recommendations for submission at the Santiago Summit in April and the establishment of a
permanent secretariat in Venezuela to carry out the work of the Western Hemispheric Energy
Initiative.
As Bill Burton has discussed with your staff, it would be very helpful to us to understand the
U.S. position on the permanent secretariat and other matters to be addressed in the Caracas
Ministerial Meeting. We have a very close working relationship with the Venezuelans and
have been following Latin American energy issues for quite a while.
On a second matter, we would like to extend a personal invitation to you to address the Council
on Sunday afternoon, March 15, or Monday morning, March 16, in Washington, D.C., at our
1998 Federal Energy and Environmental Matters Conference at the Hotel Washington.
M
Might it be possible to meet with you prior to the Caracas meeting in mid-January? We look
forward to hearing from you on this matter.
]
Sincerely,
Lou Cameron
Lori Cameron
Executive Director
Desk
Alabama
Alaska
Arkansas
Colorado
Louisiana
Mississippi
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
Wyoming
International Affiliates Alberta
Venezuela