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FOIA Number: 2017-1094-F FOIA MARKER This is not a textual record. This is used as an administrative marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff. Collection/Record Group: Clinton Presidential Records Subgroup/Office of Origin: WH Task Force on Climate Change Series/Staff Member: Roger Ballentine; Paul Bledsoe; Julie Anderson Subseries: OA/ID Number: 41299 FolderID: Folder Title: 21st Century Trucks Stack: Row: Section: Shelf: Position: S 100 3 9 3 21ST Century Truck Initiative OF DEFENSE OF ENERGY UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ( UNITED AMERICAN Department of Department of Defense Energy 21st Century Truck Initiative Government Agencies and Industry collaborating to improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, Department of increase safety, and reduce the cost of ownership Transportation for the nation's commercial and military trucks. Industry CEPA Environmental Protection Academia Agency As of: 28 Oct 99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Goals for This Meeting Agree on Program Goals Design Management Team Launch Industry Coordination Establish Timetable for Next Steps As of:28 Oct 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Trucks are Vital to the Nation Trucks Account for Over 81% of the Nation's Freight Business There are over 458,000 motor carriers in the United States, of which 70% are fleets of 6 trucks or less. There were over 19.8 million commercial trucks registered in 1997. In 1997 the nation's trucks drove over 428 billion miles for commercial business and consumed over 42.5 billion gallons of fuel. As of: 28 Oct.99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Trucks are Vital to the Army Trucks Provide the Logistical Backbone to the Army & Fuel constitutes 70% of bulk tonnage needed to sustain a military force on the battlefield. This equates to about 600,000 gallons per day Fuel Efficient AAN Task Force The US Army has a fleet of over 246,000 tactical wheeled vehicles and drives 823 million miles annually Army After Next Goal: 111 75% Reduction in Fuel Requirements for a Deployed Force As of 28,Oct 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Since the 1973 Oil Embargo Essentially All of the Increase in U.S. Highway Fuel Consumption has been due to Trucks 14 12 Actual Projected Energy Use Million Barrels per Day 10 Class 3-8 Trucks 8 Class 1-2 Trucks (Pickups, Vans, SUVs) 6 (90% 2a, 10% 2b) 4 Automobiles 2 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 ource: (Annúal Energy Outlook.1998 Federal Highway Administrati High As of: 28 Oct 99. 21ST Century Truck Initiative Class 2b - 8 Truck Fuel Use Class 5 0.6% Class 4 0.9% Class 3 2.4% Class 7 3.8% Class 2b Class 6 22.3% 12.9% Class 8 57.1% Source: ORNL ransportation Energy Data Book: Edition: 8 Data from 1992 As of: 28 Oct 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Highway Vehicle NOx Emissions 100% 80% 60% 40% Heavy Duty Vehicles 20% 0% 2005 2010 2015 2020 Source: EPA Tier 2 Regulatory impact,Analysis March 1999 As of: 28 Oct 99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Representative Commercial Trucks Class VIII Line Haul Rig Class VI Enclosed Delivery Truck (Kenworth T-2000) (Ford F-650) 430hp Diesel, 80,000 lbs GVW 190hp Diesel, 26,000 lbs GVW 67,500 lbs simulated 22,000 lbs simulated Class VIII Transit Bus Class IIB Utility Truck (Nova RTS) (Ford : 350) 275hp Diesel 40,000 lbs GVW : 235hp Diesel, 10,000 lbs GVW 36,500 lbs simulated 8,500 lbs simulated As of: 28 Oct:99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Representative Military Trucks 1 Class VIII - M915 Line Haul Rig Class VI - FMTV Tactical Truck 430hp Diesel, 105,000 lbs GVW 225hp Diesel, 26,000 lbs GVW 67,500 lbs simulated 21,100 lbs simulated Class IIB HMMWV M998 Utility Vehicle 190hp Diesel 10 000 lbs GVW 8,500 Ibs simulated of 28 Oct 99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Fuel Efficiency Goals (mpg) 3X - Class IIB & VI 3X - Class VIII Bus OF 2X - - Class VIII Line Haul As of: 28 Oct 99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Technology Improvements to Achieve Fuel Efficiency Goals 50 - 55% Maximum Engine Efficiency (current maximum engine efficiency is 44-46%) 60 - 65% Maximum Engine Efficiency with Bottoming Cycle 86 - 90 % Overall Drivetrain Efficiency (e.g. Continuously Variable Transmissions) (current overall dri vetrain efficiency is 77-82% automatic for Class IL VI. and VIII Bus and 84-87% manual for class VI [I Line-haul) As of: 28 Oct 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Technology Improvements to Achieve Fuel Efficiency Goals 55 % Recovery of Vehicle Energy Normally Lost to Braking (Current Recovery of Vehicle Kinetic Energy is 30% for Recovered and Re-applied) 21 - 35% Reduction in Aerodynamic Drag and Rolling Resistance (e.g. Streamlining Vehicles and Reducing Wheel Bearing Friction) 21-45+% - Reduction in Empty Vehicle Weight (e.g. Composite Materials) Note: These savings would translate into increased payload per truck Atransit bus could yield up to 60% reduction in weight. As of:28:Oct 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Emissions Goals (g/hp*hr) 2010 2002/2004 Current Goal Decree/Reg Regulation NOx 0.10 2.0 (1) 4.0 Particulate Matter 0.01 0.1 0.1 Carbon Monoxide 2.00 15.5 15.5 Hydrocarbons 0.05 0.5(1) 1.3 Carbon Dioxide 67% Reduction for Class 2b, Class 6, and Class 8 Bus 50% Reduction for Class 8 Trucks Note 1: These emissions regulations are additive requirements for non methane hydi ocarbons plus NOx Asiof:28 Oct 99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Technology Improvements to Achieve Emissions Goals Use of EGR for Near-term NOx Reduction Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) for Mid-term NOx Reduction Particulate Matter Trap Required O Oxidation Catalyst Required for Class IIB Vehicles OF NOx Adsorber for Far-term NOx Reduction - requ res ultra-low sulfur fuel As of: 28 Oct 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Research Focus Advanced Propulsion Vehicle Alternate Intelligence System R Fuels Reduced Advanced Parasitic Materials Losses As of: 28 Oct 99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Related R&D Efforts ($ Millions ) FY99 FY00 DoE DoT EPA DoD (NAC) DoE DoT EPA DoD Engines 18.2 0 0 1.6 27.5 0 4 8.3 Fuel Cell R&D 0 5.7 0 1.2 0 5.4 0 1.6 Materials 9.5 0.3 0 1.3 9 0.3 0 0.9 Fuels 10.7 0 0 0 14 0 2 3 Drivetrain& Systems 1.5 1.4 0 0.6 12 1.5 1 1.8 TOTAL 39.9 7.4 .0 4.7 62.5 7.2 7 15.6 As of: 28 Oct 99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Related R&D Efforts ($ Millions ) FY01 Proposed DoD DoE DoT EPA (NAC) Engines 31 0 3.5 5.8 Fuel Cell R&D O 5.8 0 0.8 Materials 10 0.5 0 1.7 Fuels 14.15 0 2 0.15 Drivetrain & Systems 15145 1.5 2.7 TOTAL 60.15 10.8 7 11.15 As of: 28,Oct 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Issue 1: Platforms Covered Class 8 and Class 6 plus: A. Class 2b Pro: Significant fuel use and major Army vehicle Con: Class 2b, made primarily by GM, Ford and D-C, would mean more complex management B. Transit Bus Pro: Highly visible urban vehicle. Con: Comparatively. small fuel use, more manufacturers in team As.of: 28 Oct 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Issue 2: Goals A. How Ambitious? Aggressive goals (2x for Class 8 Trucks and 3x for all other classes, stretch environmental goals). Moderate goals (justifiable without bottoming cycle engines, advanced energy storage). B. How Measured? Increase in Miles Per Gallon Pro: Easy to explain Increases in Ton-Miles per gallon Pro: Greatest interest to industry gives incentive for 2312 weight reduction technology. As of: 28 Oct 99 21ˢᵗ Century Truck Initiative Issue 3: Management Federal Agencies Plus: A. 4 Major Diesel Engine Manufacturers Pro: Simpler management group and easy to justify the selection. Other participants would serve on technical teams. B. 15-20 Companies (4 engine, 4 truck, transmission, trailer, autos, others) Pro: Greater coverage of the industry. AS of:28:Oc 99 21ST Century Truck Initiative Next Steps Agreement on Goals & Management (today) Contact industry to confirm partnerships (begin immediately, complete by mid-December) Public Announcement of Program (early Spring) As of: 28 Dd 99 What quantity red in Jael Paul ew. benefits Monday (703) 9344261 What's new ? Admin, + & or 10 Agreement truch Goods ag. to P -ship engine man. companies to develop much one Isn it this just another fisled Fe trats so you won't have to tace the issue of CAFE standerds several goals Saferhow? Safer for who? - trucks aren't actually nit why need part of truck CAFE - Cong, has tied our hands . RID so hirste public meditabit on CAFE - H put. (0, investo - Reg. or mist 948 not sure 45B imp. role for govt. in stom, dev of tech, 762 850 look at PNGU wears 86 PRESIDENT CLINTON & VICE PRESIDENT GORE: A RESEARCH INITIATIVE FOR 21ST CENTURY TRUCKS APRIL XX, 2000 President Clinton and senior executives from 12[?] of the nation's largest manufacturers of trucks, buses, and truck equipment today launched an initiative that aims to cut fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions of delivery vehicles by 2/3 and cut the fuel use of 18 wheelers in half, while improving the safety and efficiency of the nation's trucking industry. This public- private partnership, which focuses on the heavier vehicles the nation depends on to move freight, will complement the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) - a program that has already resulted in revolutionary breakthroughs in technologies for autos and light trucks. Trucking will remain a backbone American economy in 21ˢᵗ century, as the nation becomes increasingly dependent on express delivery and just-in-time inventory shipments. By cutting fuel costs and increasing safety, the research conducted under the 21st Century Truck Initiative will make the U.S. trucking industry more financially sound, make our economy more energy independent, and help meet environmental challenges, such as global warming and air pollution. The initiative will also benefit the Department of Defense and the U.S. Army - major participants in the partnership - by dramatically cutting operational support costs and increasing combat effectiveness. Aggressive Goals. The 21st Century Truck Initiative will seek to develop revolutionary new technologies for increasing the fuel economy and safety of four classes of vehicles which, together, account for more than 90% of all fuel used by U.S. trucks. The program's cost-share investments in advanced technologies will lead, within 10 years, to manufacturing-ready "production prototypes' that: Triple the fuel economy, of heavy pickups, large delivery vans, and full-sized passenger buses (relative to today's comparable vehicles); Double fuel economy for 18 wheeler long-haul trucks; ton-miles/gulla Improve safety (technologies will be designed to cut truck fatalities in half); Achieve superior operational performance and lower costs for truckers; Exceed expected emission requirements for 2010 (likely to be much more stringent than today's standards). Benefits. Trucks currently use more than half of all US vehicle fuel and produce nearly half of the emissions that lead to local air pollution. Meeting the President's goals will mean: Major reductions in fuel use, leading to greater U.S. energy independence; Major reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions most scientists believe are contributing to global warming; Improved safety on U.S. highways; T Ensure continued competitiveness of U.S. truck manufacturers and the U.S. trucking industry; productivity gains should also translate into lower costs for consumers; Make major reductions in NOx, particulates, and other local air pollutants; Increase the flexibility and speed of U.S. military operations worldwide. 8+3+1+1 for $1.10 .3.92 1.10 6.12 Increased Federal Investment. The President's FY2001 budget proposes $38 million in increased spending in areas supporting 21st Century truck research (for a total of $115 million). Research priorities, which will be developed in cooperation with industry partners, will include advanced engines, fuel cells, lightweight materials, and advanced emission control and vehicle safety systems. A World Class Team. The new partnership links twelve of the nation's largest manufacturers of trucks and truck components with research teams in four federal agencies: the Departments of Defense (represented by the U.S. Army), Energy, Transportation, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Industrial participants are: Freightliner Corporation, Mack Trucks, Oshkosk Trucks, Paccar, Volvo Trucks North America, Cummins Engine Company, Caterpillar, Detroit Diesel Corporation, Navistar (International)(?), Allison Transmission Division, Ford (?), and Lockheed Martin Control Systems. The partnership creates a unique blend of practical experience in truck production, scientific and engineering expertise, and research facilities with capabilities in the wide range of areas critical for the program's success. 21st Century Trucks We are nearing agreement with all of the major US trucking companies and their suppliers on a research partnership similar to PNGV but focused on trucks and buses. We expect that draft declaration of intent (attached below) will be accepted by the following companies - possibly with some minor last minute modifications. Ford and Navistar International (International Harvester) are still reviewing the agreement. 1. Mack Trucks, Inc. 2. Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. 3. Paccar (which owns Kenworth, Peterbuilt, and Lelyand among other companies) 4. Detroit Diesel Corporation 5. Freightliner Corporation 6. Cummins Engine Company, Inc. 7. Allison Transmission Division 8. Caterpillar Inc. 9. Lockheed Martin Control Systems 10. Oshkosh Truck Corporation As the chart indicates, trucks are a big deal for the environment. While PNGV covers cars and the SUVs and other classes of "light trucks" used for personal transport, the new agreement would cover the Class 2 trucks used for commerce, the Class 6 trucks used for delivery and urban freight, and the 18 wheelers. We are also including large buses. The agreement differs from PNGV in several key ways. First, fuel use is of keen interest to truckers and truck manufacturers - this is not the case for most carbuyers. Second, the truck industry is much less concentrated than autos making it necessary to have a large number of companies as members of the steering group. Third, the US Army is keenly interested in new truck technology because the "Army after next" needs to reduce the huge logistical problems created by hauling truck fuel to the field. Finally, the truck manufacturing industry in the US how has a number of major foreign participants; merger and acquisition activity continues rapidly. We believe that the agreement will make critical contributions to the US truck manufacturing industry in international markets, help lower the cost of domestic trucking services, improve truck safety (including driver safety), and have a huge impact on US fuel use, US greenhouse gas production, and local air emissions. All of these should be of interest to the Teamsters and the UAW. A Declaration of Intent Twenty-First Century Trucks Final Version - 22 March 2000 SUMMARY The United States trucking and supporting industries, are pleased to join with the President on behalf of the Federal government and the Departments of Defense, Energy, and Transportation, and the Environmental Protection Agency in this Declaration of Intent to form a research and development partnership. This partnership will seek to develop and demonstrate commercially viable truck and propulsion systems technology that will dramatically cut the fuel use and emissions of medium and heavy trucks and buses, while enhancing their safety and affordability and maintaining or enhancing performance. These innovations will ensure safe and affordable freight and bus transportation for the nation's economy, ensure the competitiveness of U.S. truck and bus manufacturing facilities, improve our nation's air quality, and reduce U.S. dependence on petroleum fuel. SHARED VISION A productive, innovative U.S. trucking and supporting industry is essential for the economic prosperity of every American business. Innovation is also needed to ensure trucking manufacturers and suppliers located in the U.S. remain competitive in world markets and continue to provide rewarding employment opportunities for large numbers of Americans. U.S. manufacturing facilities face stiff worldwide competition. New truck and bus technologies will help truck owners and operators and their customers cut fuel and other operating costs, and increase safety. The Department of Defense, a major owner and operator of trucks, would share these gains and also benefit from reduced logistics costs associated with transporting fuel during operations. The trucking and supporting industries face a range of new challenges: increasingly stringent emissions standards, new concerns about the threat of global warming, concerns about U.S. fuel supplies, increased expectations about safety, and more. The trucking industry's future depends on its ability to produce affordable, high-quality, safe, environmentally sensitive products. The new challenges can be best met if government, industry, and universities work together to develop an improved generation of commercial trucks for our nation's commercial and military truck fleet. Given adequate support, major advances can be expected in advanced engine designs, stronger, lighter-weight materials, regenerative braking, more efficient power transmission, and alternative fuels. By this document, the trucking industry and the Federal government declare their separate, but coordinated plans toward the achievement of specific goals to meet the nation's need and desire for tomorrow's cleaner, safer, and more efficient trucks. PROGRAM GOALS The program strategy creates a balanced portfolio of research and development to pursue a number of goals simultaneously, while avoiding duplication. The program will develop and demonstrate commercially viable technologies to: Improve fuel efficiency, Reduce emissions, Enhance safety, Reduce total owning and operating costs, and Maintain or enhance performance. Making progress in each of these goals simultaneously is a major challenge. The Federal government and the trucking and supporting industries will work actively together to develop a balanced portfolio of research aimed at achieving all of these goals, coordinate their research activities as appropriate, and make effective use of the nation's research universities and national laboratories. Proprietary research agreements between individual companies and federal agencies, which cannot be shared with industrial competitors, will continue to be appropriately funded. The Federal agencies will build on existing research and assign a high priority to major new research in this area and seek increased funding commensurate with the research required to meet the aggressive goals of the Initiative. Industry will move research achievements into production vehicles rapidly when their commercial viability has been demonstrated. The partnership will work closely with fuel producers to accelerate the development and production of any new fuels required by new engine designs to meet the program goals. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES This research partnership will support research aimed at developing production prototype vehicles that achieve all of the following objectives: (a) Improve Fuel Efficiency of Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses, specifically: Double the Class 8 line haul truck fuel efficiency by 2010 on a ton/miles per gallon basis. Triple the Class 2b and 6 truck (delivery van) fuel efficiency by 2010 on a ton/miles per gallon basis. Triple the Class 8 transit bus fuel efficiency by 2010 on a ton (passenger)/miles per gallon basis. (b) Reduce Emissions: Exceed standards for oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons for the year 2010. 21st Century Trucks We are nearing agreement with all of the major US trucking companies and their suppliers on a research partnership similar to PNGV but focused on trucks and buses. We expect that draft declaration of intent (attached below) will be accepted by the following companies - possibly with some minor last minute modifications. Ford and Navistar International (International Harvester) are still reviewing the agreement. 1. Mack Trucks, Inc. 2. Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. 3. Paccar (which owns Kenworth, Peterbuilt, and Lelyand among other companies) 4. Detroit Diesel Corporation 5. Freightliner Corporation 6. Cummins Engine Company, Inc. 7. Allison Transmission Division 8. Caterpillar Inc. 9. Lockheed Martin Control Systems 10. Oshkosh Truck Corporation As the chart indicates, trucks are a big deal for the environment. While PNGV covers cars and the SUVs and other classes of "light trucks" used for personal transport, the new agreement would cover the Class 2 trucks used for commerce, the Class 6 trucks used for delivery and urban freight, and the 18 wheelers. We are also including large buses. The agreement differs from PNGV in several key ways. First, fuel use is of keen interest to truckers and truck manufacturers - this is not the case for most carbuyers. Second, the truck industry is much less concentrated than autos making it necessary to have a large number of companies as members of the steering group. Third, the US Army is keenly interested in new truck technology because the "Army after next" needs to reduce the huge logistical problems created by hauling truck fuel to the field. Finally, the truck manufacturing industry in the US how has a number of major foreign participants; merger and acquisition activity continues rapidly. We believe that the agreement will make critical contributions to the US truck manufacturing industry in international markets, help lower the cost of domestic trucking services, improve truck safety (including driver safety), and have a huge impact on US fuel use, US greenhouse gas production, and local air emissions. All of these should be of interest to the Teamsters and the UAW. A Declaration of Intent Twenty-First Century Trucks Final Version - 22 March 2000 SUMMARY The United States trucking and supporting industries, are pleased to join with the President on behalf of the Federal government and the Departments of Defense, Energy, and Transportation, and the Environmental Protection Agency in this Declaration of Intent to form a research and development partnership. This partnership will seek to develop and demonstrate commercially viable truck and propulsion systems technology that will dramatically cut the fuel use and emissions of medium and heavy trucks and buses, while enhancing their safety and affordability and maintaining or enhancing performance. These innovations will ensure safe and affordable freight and bus transportation for the nation's economy, ensure the competitiveness of U.S. truck and bus manufacturing facilities, improve our nation's air quality, and reduce U.S. dependence on petroleum fuel. SHARED VISION A productive, innovative U.S. trucking and supporting industry is essential for the economic prosperity of every American business. Innovation is also needed to ensure trucking manufacturers and suppliers located in the U.S. remain competitive in world markets and continue to provide rewarding employment opportunities for large numbers of Americans. U.S. manufacturing facilities face stiff worldwide competition. New truck and bus technologies will help truck owners and operators and their customers cut fuel and other operating costs, and increase safety. The Department of Defense, a major owner and operator of trucks, would share these gains and also benefit from reduced logistics costs associated with transporting fuel during operations. The trucking and supporting industries face a range of new challenges: increasingly stringent emissions standards, new concerns about the threat of global warming, concerns about U.S. fuel supplies, increased expectations about safety, and more. The trucking industry's future depends on its ability to produce affordable, high-quality, safe, environmentally sensitive products. The new challenges can be best met if government, industry, and universities work together to develop an improved generation of commercial trucks for our nation's commercial and military truck fleet. Given adequate support, major advances can be expected in advanced engine designs, stronger, lighter-weight materials, regenerative braking, more efficient power transmission, and alternative fuels. By this document, the trucking industry and the Federal government declare their separate, but coordinated plans toward the achievement of specific goals to meet the nation's need and desire for tomorrow's cleaner, safer, and more efficient trucks. PROGRAM GOALS The program strategy creates a balanced portfolio of research and development to pursue a number of goals simultaneously, while avoiding duplication. The program will develop and demonstrate commercially viable technologies to: Improve fuel efficiency, Reduce emissions, Enhance safety, Reduce total owning and operating costs, and Maintain or enhance performance. Making progress in each of these goals simultaneously is a major challenge. The Federal government and the trucking and supporting industries will work actively together to develop a balanced portfolio of research aimed at achieving all of these goals, coordinate their research activities as appropriate, and make effective use of the nation's research universities and national laboratories. Proprietary research agreements between individual companies and federal agencies, which cannot be shared with industrial competitors, will continue to be appropriately funded. The Federal agencies will build on existing research and assign a high priority to major new research in this area and seek increased funding commensurate with the research required to meet the aggressive goals of the Initiative. Industry will move research achievements into production vehicles rapidly when their commercial viability has been demonstrated. The partnership will work closely with fuel producers to accelerate the development and production of any new fuels required by new engine designs to meet the program goals. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES This research partnership will support research aimed at developing production prototype vehicles that achieve all of the following objectives: (a) Improve Fuel Efficiency of Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses, specifically: Double the Class 8 line haul truck fuel efficiency by 2010 on a ton/miles per gallon basis. Triple the Class 2b and 6 truck (delivery van) fuel efficiency by 2010 on a ton/miles per gallon basis. Triple the Class 8 transit bus fuel efficiency by 2010 on a ton (passenger)/miles per gallon basis. (b) Reduce Emissions: Exceed standards for oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons for the year 2010. (c) Enhance Safety: Meet or exceed the motor carrier safety goal of reducing fatalities by half in ten years. Improve the crash friendliness of trucks for other road users Conduct operation road tests of truck safety improvement components Ensure linkages to the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative and the Intelligent Highway System and Infrastructure. (d) Enhance affordability; Maintain or Enhance performance. A central goal of this initiative is to develop cost-effective, heavy-duty vehicles for truck operators that are fully competitive in prevailing markets. The program will document vehicle life-cycle-costs through extensive on-road testing and surveys of user responses. Costs considered will include initial vehicle cost, as well as all operating and maintenance expenses - including fuel costs and the value of high reliability. These program goals and research objectives are aggressive and there is no certainty that they can be achieved. Achieving the goal may also depend on successful introduction of a new fuel and fuel delivery infrastructure compatible with improved truck and bus designs. Fully aware of the magnitude of the challenge and the importance of meeting the partnership's objectives, the parties commit their best efforts to the achievement of the goals of this Declaration of Intent. Industry also commits to the rapid introduction of commercially viable technology developed under the program. Government and industry will coordinate research and development efforts and share the costs. Federal agencies are likely to cover a larger fraction of research expenses when the work involves longer-term, high-risk research, while the share of industry funding will be greater for research likely to be converted relatively quickly to commercial products. The Federal government will promote the introduction of innovative truck technologies developed in the initiative through its own purchases of these trucks and buses, and encourage state government and other purchasers to take similar actions. NEXT STEPS Within 30 days, a Partnership Coordinating Committee will be formed which will be responsible for coordinating the Partnership's work. It will include senior representatives of the participating industries, and the Departments of Defense, Energy, Transportation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Council on Environmental Quality, the National Partnership for Reinventing Government, and the Office of Management and Budget. Within 120 days, this Committee will: 1. Develop a strategic research and development plan detailing specific program goals and timetables for the ten-year duration of the Initiative. 2. Coordinate and support research and development teams organized around specific research objectives needed to achieve the programs' goals (such as technologies for improving power-trains, reducing aerodynamic and rolling resistance losses, and reducing vehicle weight). Each team will include both government and industry partners. University participation is encouraged. Competing teams championing different technical approaches to the same program objective will be encouraged when they are appropriate. As technologies move to commercial readiness, some of these partnerships will become research partnerships between individual participating industries and agencies that are not able to share research results with all participants. Provisions will be made to add or remove research projects as needed. 3. Create an overall Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) for the partnership and guidelines that will facilitate development and use of CRADAs and other procurement mechanisms such as other transaction agreements involving individual federal agencies and their laboratories. 4. Create an External Advisory Board, acceptable to both industry and the government, consisting of individuals with appropriate expertise in industry, universities, state and local governments, and public interest groups. 5. Establish a peer review process, acceptable to both industry and the government, that assesses technical and program progress.