Bullitt, William C.

PSF Safe! William C, Bullitt Safe File [PSF, Safe, Bullit] PSF Vienna, March 12, 1939. Secretary of State Keppler and Director General Vogl have related the following: "On Wednesday, March 8th, a conference was held at the Fuehrer's which was attended by personalities from the army, economic circles, and the Party. 'Austria' was represented by Gauleiter Buerckel in addition to those mentioned above. "Certain economic and labor problems were discussed first. Then the Fuehrer spoke. First, he declared that the four-year plan was a last resort. The real problem confronting the German people was to assure for itself the sources from which could be obtained the raw mate- rials necessary for its well being. In addition, in order to enjoy this well being, enemies of the German people must be exterminated radically: Jews, democracies, and the 'international powers'. As long as those enemies had the least vestige of power left anywhere in the world, they would be a menace to the peace of the German people. "In this connection, the situation in Prague was becoming intolerable. In addition, Prague was needed as a means of access to those raw materials. Consequently, orders have been issued to the effect that, in a few days, not later than the 15th of March, Czechoslovakia is to be occupied militarily. "Poland will follow. We will not have to count on a - 2 - a very strong resistance from that quarter. German domi- nation over Poland is necessary in order to assure for Germany Polish supplies of agricultural products and coal. "As far as Hungary and Rumania are concerned, - they belong without question to Germany's vital space - the fall of Poland and adequate pressure will undoubtedly bring them to terms. We will then have absolute control over their vast agricultural and petroleum resources. The same may be said for Yugoslavia. which "This is the plan/will be realized until 1940. Even then Germany will be unbeatable. "In 1940 and 1941 Germany will settle accounts once and for all with her hereditary enemy: France. That country will be obliterated from the map of Europe. England is an old and feeble country, weakened by demo- cracy. With France vanquished, Germany will dominate England easily and will then have at its disposition England's riches and domains throughout the world. "Thus, having for the first time unified the con- tinent of Europe according to a new conception, Germany will undertake the greatest operation in all history: with British and French possessions in America as a base, we will settle accounts with the 'Jews of the dollar' (Dollarjuden) in the United States. We will exterminate this Jewish democracy and Jewish blood will TBV = - 3 - will mix itself with the dollars. Even today Americans can insult our people, but the day will come when, too late, they will bitterly regret every word they said against us. "Among those present, some were very enthusiastic while others seemed much less so." safe Bullitt Paris, September 16, 1939. Personal and Confidential Dear Mr. President: I sent a telegram today which you have probably seen, describing the manner in which the German Air Force destroyed nine-tenths of the Polish Air Force at noon on the first of September. I assume that you saw the telegram and I want to let you know a number of related facts which I did not put in it. My informant was the French Minister for Air, Guy La Chambre, who had just talked with a French officer who left Poland three days ago and person- ally witnessed the Polish débacle. In the course of our conversation, La Chambre added a number of facts about air fighting on the western front which I did not consider it wise to put in my cable. He said that there had been a number The Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, Washington, D. C. REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED - 2 - number of air engagements between the Curtiss pursuit planes, which the French bought last year in the United States, and the German Messerschmidts. In the opinion of the French pilots, the Curtiss planes were definitely superior to the German Messerschmidts. On one occasion, three Curtiss planes had been attacked by six Messerschmidts and had beaten off the six and destroyed two of the six. La Chambre said that he feared that the German espionage service was as well organized in France as it had been in Poland. The French, therefore, had to fear that at some given moment the German bombardment planes flying so high as to be out of sight would suddenly descend on the French air fields in an attempt to destroy the French air force before it could take the air. He had, therefore, taken the utmost precau- tions to distribute and conceal the French planes. He felt that as long as the French pursuit planes should remain in existence, which would not be very long, they could prevent German bombardment, by day, of Paris and other vital centers. The truth was, how- ever, that the French did not have sufficient planes to - 3 - to hold the air for more than a couple of months at the outside, and he feared that the British could not be counted on for any effective action. La Chambre added that he now had the exact figures with regard to the number of planes that the British could put in the air at this moment. The British had told tall stories about their production. The truth was that the British had today of the most modern types only 480 pursuit planes and abcut 500 bombers. Further- more, the British pilots, with comparatively few ex- ceptions, were so ill-trained that he did not know how effective they would be. He stated that in the raid against the Kiel Canal, a dozen British bombers had taken part. Two had been shot down; but four had got lost flying to Kiel and had crashed in Germany. More- over, two of the air raid warnings in Paris had been caused by British planes which had lost their way and had flown over the city. There were two vital questions for French aviation. First, whether or not the French pursuit planes could prevent the bombardment of French plane factories; second, whether or not the French could produce suffi- cient motors. He was doubtful about both points. Daladier, a couple of days ago, expressed a much more pessimistic view to me. He said that he felt that - 4 - that his political life and probably his personal life as well could not last more than three months. He expected Hitler, as soon as the Polish attack should have been completed, to launch the entire German Air Force against France. The bombardments of France would be so terrible that the French people would blame him for the lack of French planes and would drive him from political life and indeed would probably kill him. He did not consider that the lack of planes was his fault but he would be blamed for it. I do not know whether these pessimistic views will be justified by the event, but it is certain that, if they should be justified and if Germany after someweeks of combat should be able to drive the French and British Air Forces from the air, the bombardments of French land communications and the bombardments of British shipping might be as effective as the bombardments of Polish com- munications during the past two weeks. Under the circumstances, I think you ought to have studied now in all its aspects the military and naval problem that will face the United States in case France and England should be defeated during the next eight months. I am convinced that if Hitler should be able to win during this period, he would be able to obtain the support of the Italians and the Japanese and would be - 5 - be in a position to make the attack on South America which he announced to the leaders that he convoked on the eighth of March last. I now have in written form the statement which I telegraphed to you on that sub- ject some months ago. The report was handed me by Otto of Hapsburg. It comes from one of his most trusted agents in Vienna who is in the center of the Nazi move- ment, and I consider it absolutely authentic. I realize that it will probably be impossible for you to convince the people of the United States that they are menaced by Hitler. I can not express to you too strongly my conviction that we are menaced in the most terrible manner by Hitler. If we do not change at once the Neutrality Act and supply France and England immediately with all the weapons of war that we can produce, we shall be insane. It is the considered opinion not only of our own Military and Naval Attachés in Paris, but also of the French General Staff that if the United States should continue to refuse to supply airplanes, arms, and ammunition to France and England, France and England unquestionably would be defeated. It would be our turn next. I - 6 - I intend to telephone to you later this evening to ask you whether or not you feel that it might not be worth while for me to telegraph to Bob La Follette and Tinkham on this subject. Any American who opposes the sale of arms and ammunition to France and England today must be either blind to the realities of the situation or no patriot. Your Aunt Dora came to the Chancery to call on me this afternoon and again evoked not only my affection but my admiration. In her customary quiet manner, she announced that she had now given up her passage on the 16th and had taken passage on the 29th and then, with a twinkle in her eye, said: "But you know, I am rather tenacious". In other words, she hasn't the slightest intention of leaving her apartment until she is blown out of it. She is really superb. Love to you all and good luck. Bill. Enclosure. [PSF, Safe, 15011.1t ] lus file 70 lw box Paris This telegram must bE closely paraphrased bE- Dated SEptEmbEr 16, 1939 fore being communicated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 8:40 a.m. Secretary of State Washington 1998, SEptEmbEr 16, 11 a.m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT. I hope that you have decided to make no protest if the same rules of blockade should bE applied now by the British and French as those which were applied by ourselves in conjunction with the British and French in the summer of 1918. The only Effective weapon now in the hands of the democracies is the blockade. Since WE participated in the preparation and applica- tion of the blockade rules of 1918 there is no reason why WE should object to their application today. You have probably already given instructions in this SENSE. If not please do, and please inform Lothian and Saint Quentin. I have written you with regard to this subject and many others; but the mails are so slow and irragular, and this question is so important, that I fEEl obliged to telegraph. BULLITT HTM:CSB REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED OFFICE OF THE COUNSELOR DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON September 16, 1939. Dear Mr. President: I have thought that for convenient reference you may wish to have the enclosures that pertain to the so- called neutrality legislation: (1) The pamphlet marked "A" is the present law, except that Section 2 expired by limitation on last May first; (2) The pamphlet marked "B" contains all of the measures that were pending in the Senate Committee on March 31, 1939. I believe that the Pittman Resolution, which is printed first in the list, was regarded as more satisfactory than any of the others. You will notice that its Section 2 makes unlawful, after a proclamation is issued, the transportation on American vessels of passengers or any articles or materials directly or in- directly to any state named in the proclamation. This would, of course, apply to American vessels carrying goods of any kind to localities that might be entirely free of danger, as for example Canada, Vancouver, Australia and New Zealand. There are senators and others who advocate the "cash and carry" or "come and get it" plan, and I mention the The President The White House. - 2 - the matter now because of feeling certain that when the Senate Committee gets busy it will be a good deal discussed. (3) Subsequent to March 31, 1939, there was a bill, which is marked "C", introduced by Senator Vandenburg to restore Section 2 of the present law, which vests a large discretion in the President relative to placing restrictions on the export of articles or materials in addition to arms, ammunition and implements of war. There was a bill which is marked "D" introduced by Senator Gillette with a provision varying that contained in the Pittman measure relative to "Areas of Combat Operation". (4) Marked "E". is the Bloom Bill passed by the House and which I suppose will be made the basis of consideration of the subject by the Senate Committee. Unlike the Pittman Resolution it does not repeal the arms embargo. On that point it rather absurdly retains the embargo of "arms and ammunition", omitting "implements of war". (5) You may perhaps have occasion to look at some of the four Resolutions pertaining to the si tuation in Asia which are tacked together, the front one being marked "F". Yours very sincerely, Enclosures: As stated. [PUBLIC RESOLUTION-No. 27-75TH CONGRESS] [CHAPTER 146-1st SESSION] [S. J. Res. 51] JOINT RESOLUTION To amend the joint resolution entitled "Joint resolution providing for the pro- hibition of the export of arms, ammunition, and implements of war to belligerent countries; the prohibition of the transportation of arms, ammunition, and implements of war by vessels of the United States for the use of belligerent states; for the registration and licensing of persons engaged in the business of manufacturing, exporting, or importing arms, ammunition, or implements of war; and restricting travel by American citizens on belligerent ships during war", approved August 31, 1935, as amended. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the joint resolution entitled "Joint resolution providing for the prohibition of the export of arms, ammunition, and implements of war to belligerent countries; the prohibition of the transportation of arms, ammunition, and implements of war by vessels of the United States for the use of belligerent states; for the registration and licensing of persons engaged in the business of manufacturing, exporting, or importing arms, ammunition, or implements of war; and restricting travel by American citizens on belligerent ships during war", approved August 31, 1935, as amended, is amended to read as follows: "EXPORT OF ARMS, AMMUNITION, AND IMPLEMENTS OF WAR "SECTION 1. (a) Whenever the President shall find that there exists a state of war between, or among, two or more foreign states, the President shall proclaim such fact, and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export, or attempt to export, or cause to be exported, arms, ammu- nition, or implements of war from any place in the United States to any belligerent state named in such proclamation, or to any neutral state for transshipment to, or for the use of, any such belligerent state. "(b) The President shall, from time to time, by proclamation, extend such embargo upon the export of arms, ammunition, or imple- ments of war to other states as and when they may become involved in such war. (c) Whenever the President shall find that a state of civil strife exists in a foreign state and that such civil strife is of a magnitude or is being conducted under such conditions that the export of arms, ammunition, or implements of war from the United States to such foreign state would threaten or endanger the peace of the United States, the President shall proclaim such fact, and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export, or attempt to export, or cause to be exported, arms, ammunition, or implements of war from any place in the United States to such foreign state, or to any neutral state for transshipment to, or for the use of, such foreign state. (d) The President shall, from time to time by proclamation, definitely enumerate the arms, ammunition, and implements of war, 2 [PUB. RES. 27.] [PUB. RES. 27.] 3 the export of which is prohibited by this section. The arms, ammuni- wherein civil strife exists, is necessary to promote the security or tion, and implements of war SO enumerated shall include those enu- preserve the peace of the United States or to protect the lives or com- merated in the President's proclamation Numbered 2163, of April 10, merce of citizens of the United States, he shall so proclaim, and it 1936, but shall not include raw materials or any other articles or shall thereafter be unlawful, except under such limitations and excep- materials not of the same general character as those enumerated in tions as the President may prescribe as to lakes, rivers, and inland the said proclamation, and in the Convention for the Supervision of waters bordering on the United States, and as to transportation on the International Trade in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements or over land bordering on the United States, to export or transport, of War, signed at Geneva June 17, 1925. or attempt to export or transport, or cause to be exported or trans- "(e) Whoever, in violation of any of the provisions of this Act, ported, from the United States to any belligerent state, or to any state shall export, or attempt to export, or cause to be exported, arms, wherein civil strife exists, named in such proclamation issued under ammunition, or implements of war from the United States shall be the authority of section 1 of this Act, or to any neutral state for trans- fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, shipment to, or for the use of, any such belligerent state or any such or both, and the property, vessel, or vehicle containing the same shall state wherein civil strife exists, any articles or materials whatever be subject to the provisions of sections 1 to 8, inclusive, title 6, chapter until all right, title, and interest therein shall have been transferred 30, of the Act approved June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 223-225; U. S. C., to some foreign government, agency, institution, association, partner- 1934 ed., title 22, secs. 238-245). ship, corporation, or national. The shipper of such articles or "(f) In the case of the forfeiture of any arms, ammunition, or materials shall be required to file with the collector of the port from implements of war by reason of a violation of this Act, no public or which they are to be exported a declaration under oath that there private sale shall be required; but such arms, ammunition, or imple- exists in citizens of the United States no right, title, or interest in ments of war shall be delivered to the Secretary of War for such use such articles or materials, and to comply with such rules and regula- or disposal thereof as shall be approved by the President of the United tions as shall be promulgated from time to time by the President. States. Any such declaration so filed shall be a conclusive estoppel against "(g) Whenever, in the judgment of the President, the conditions any claim of any citizen of the United States of right, title, or interest which have caused him to issue any proclamation under the authority in such articles or materials. Insurance written by underwriters on of this section have ceased to exist, he shall revoke the same, and the any articles or materials the export of which is prohibited by this provisions of this section shall thereupon cease to apply with respect Act, or on articles or materials carried by an American vessel in vio- to the state or states named in such proclamation, except with respect lation of subsection (a) of this section, shall not be deemed an Ameri- to offenses committed, or forfeitures incurred, prior to such revocation. can interest therein, and no insurance policy issued on such articles or materials and no loss incurred thereunder or by the owner of the "EXPORT OF OTHER ARTICLES AND MATERIALS vessel carrying the same shall be made a basis of any claim put for- "Sec. 2. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued a procla- ward by the Government of the United States. mation under the authority of section 1 of this Act and he shall there- "(c) The President shall from time to time by proclamation extend after find that the placing of restrictions on the shipment of certain such restrictions as are imposed under the authority of this section to articles or materials in addition to arms, ammunition, and implements other states as and when they may be declared to become belligerent of war from the United States to belligerent states, or to a state states under proclamations issued under the authority of section 1 of wherein civil strife exists, is necessary to promote the security or this Act. preserve the peace of the United States or to protect the lives of "(d) The President may from time to time change, modify, or citizens of the United States, he shall so proclaim, and it shall there- revoke in whole or in part any proclamations issued by him under the after be unlawful, except under such limitations and exceptions as the authority of this section. President may prescribe as to lakes, rivers, and inland waters border- "(e) Except with respect to offenses committed, or forfeitures ing on the United States, and as to transportation on or over lands incurred, prior to May 1, 1939, this section and all proclamations bordering on the United States, for any American vessel to carry such issued thereunder shall not be effective after May 1, 1939. articles or materials to any belligerent state, or to any state wherein "FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS civil strife exists, named in such proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 of this Act, or to any neutral state for trans- "Sec. 3. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued a procla- shipment to, or for the use of, any such belligerent state or any such mation under the authority of section 1 of this Act, it shall there- state wherein civil strife exists. The President shall by proclamation after be unlawful for any person within the United States to pur- from time to time definitely enumerate the articles and materials chase, sell, or exchange bonds, securities, or other obligations of the which it shall be unlawful for American vessels to so transport. government of any belligerent state or of any state wherein civil "(b) Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation strife exists, named in such proclamation, or of any political sub- under the authority of section 1 of this Act and he shall thereafter division of any such state, or of any person acting for or on behalf find that the placing of restrictions on the export of articles or of the government of any such state, or of any faction or asserted materials from the United States to belligerent states, or to a state government within any such state wherein civil strife exists, or of 4 [PUB. RES. 27.1 [PUB. RES. 27.] 5 any person acting for or on behalf of any faction or asserted govern- is vested in the Department of State. The Secretary of State shall ment within any such state wherein civil strife exists, issued after promulgate such rules and regulations with regard to the enforce- the date of such proclamation, or to make any loan or extend any ment of this section as he may deem necessary to carry out its pro- credit to any such government, political subdivision, faction, asserted visions. The Board shall be convened by the chairman and shall government, or person, or to solicit or receive any contribution for hold at least one meeting a year. any such government, political subdivision, faction, asserted govern- "(b) Every person who engages in the business of manufacturing, ment, or person: Provided, That if the President shall find that such exporting, or importing any of the arms, ammunition, or imple- action will serve to protect the commercial or other interests of the ments of war referred to in this Act, whether as an exporter, im- United States or its citizens, he may, in his discretion, and to such porter, manufacturer, or dealer, shall register with the Secretary of extent and under such regulations as he may prescribe, except from State his name, or business name, principal place of business, and the operation of this section ordinary commercial credits and short- places of business in the United States, and a list of the arms, ammu- time obligations in aid of legal transactions and of a character cus- nition, and implements of war which he manufactures, imports, or tomarily used in normal peacetime commercial transactions. Noth- exports. ing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit the solicitation (c) Every person required to register under this section shall or collection of funds to be used for medical aid and assistance, or notify the Secretary of State of any change in the arms, ammunition, for food and clothing to relieve human suffering, when such solici- or implements of war which he exports, imports, or manufactures; tation or collection of funds is made on behalf of and for use by any and upon such notification the Secretary of State shall issue to such person or organization which is not acting for or on behalf of any person an amended certificate of registration, free of charge, which such government, political subdivision, faction, or asserted govern- shall remain valid until the date of expiration of the original cer- ment, but all such solicitations and collections of funds shall be tificate. Every person required to register under the provisions of subject to the approval of the President and shall be made under this section shall pay a registration fee of $500, unless he manufac- such rules and regulations as he shall prescribe. tured, exported, or imported arms, ammunition, and implements of '(b) The provisions of this section shall not apply to a renewal or war to a total sales value of less than $50,000 during the twelve adjustment of such indebtedness as may exist on the date of the months immediately preceding his registration, in which case he shall President's proclamation. pay a registration fee of $100. Upon receipt of the required regis- "(c) Whoever shall violate the provisions of this section or of any tration fee, the Secretary of State shall issue a registration certificate regulations issued hereunder shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined valid for five years, which shall be renewable for further periods of not more than $50,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, five years upon the payment for each renewal of a fee of $500 in the or both. Should the violation be by a corporation, organization, or case of persons who manufactured, exported, or imported arms, am- association, each officer or agent thereof participating in the viola- munition, and implements of war to a total sales value of more than tion may be liable to the penalty herein prescribed. $50,000 during the twelve months immediately preceding the renewal, (d) Whenever the President shall have revoked any such procla- or a fee of $100 in the case of persons who manufactured, exported, mation issued under the authority of section 1 of this Act, the pro- or imported arms, ammunition, and implements of war to a total visions of this section and of any regulations issued by the President sales value of less than $50,000 during the twelve months immediately hereunder shall thereupon cease to apply with respect to the state preceding the renewal. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby or states named in such proclamation, except with respect to offenses directed to refund, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise committed prior to such revocation. appropriated, the sum of $400 to every person who shall have paid a registration fee of $500 pursuant to this Act, who manufactured, "EXCEPTIONS-AMERICAN REPUBLICS exported, or imported arms, ammunition, and implements of war to "Sec. 4. This Act shall not apply to an American republic or a total sales value of less than $50,000 during the twelve months republics engaged in war against a non-American state or states, immediately preceding his registration. provided the American republic is not cooperating with a non- (d) It shall be unlawful for any person to export, or attempt to American state or states in such war. export, from the United States to any other state, any of the arms, ammunition, or implements of war referred to in this Act, or to "NATIONAL MUNITIONS CONTROL BOARD import, or attempt to import, to the United States from any other state, any of the arms, ammunition, or implements of war referred "SEC. 5. (a) There is hereby established a National Munitions to in this Act, without first having obtained a license therefor. Control Board (hereinafter referred to as the 'Board') to carry out "(e) All persons required to register under this section shall main- the provisions of this Act. The Board shall consist of the Secretary tain, subject to the inspection of the Secretary of State, or any per- of State, who shall be chairman and executive officer of the Board, son or persons designated by him, such permanent records of manu- the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the Secretary facture for export, importation, and exportation of arms, ammuni- of the Navy, and the Secretary of Commerce. Except as otherwise tion, and implements of war as the Secretary of State shall prescribe. provided in this Act, or by other law, the administration of this Act 6 [PUB. Rxs. 27.1 [PUB. RES. 27.) 7 "(f) Licenses shall be issued to persons who have registered as or imprisoned not more than five years, or both; and, in addition, such herein provided for, except in cases of export or import licenses vessel, and her tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, and the where the export of arms, ammunition, or implements of war would arms, ammunition, and implements of war on board, shall be forfeited be in violation of this Act or any other law of the United States, or to the United States. of a treaty to which the United States is a party, in which cases such licenses shall not be issued. "USE OF AMERICAN PORTS AS BASE OF SUPPLY "(g) Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act, all licenses theretofore "SEC. 7. (a) Whenever, during any war in which the United States issued under this Act shall ipso facto and immediately upon the is neutral, the President, or any person thereunto authorized by him, issuance of such proclamation, cease to grant authority to export shall have cause to believe that any vessel, domestic or foreign, arms, ammunition, or implements of war from any place in the whether requiring clearance or not, is about to carry out of a port of United States to any belligerent state, or to any state wherein civil the United States, fuel, men, arms, ammunition, implements of war, strife exists, named in such proclamation, or to any neutral state for or other supplies to any warship, tender, or supply ship of a bellig- transshipment to, or for the use of, any such belligerent state or any erent state, but the evidence is not deemed sufficient to justify forbid- such state wherein civil strife exists; and said licenses, insofar as the ding the departure of the vessel as provided for by section 1, title v, grant of authority to export to the state or states named in such chapter 30, of the Act approved June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 217, 221; proclamation is concerned, shall be null and void. U. S. C., 1934 ed., title 18, sec. 31), and if, in the President's judgment, "(h) No purchase of arms, ammunition, or implements of war shall such action will serve to maintain peace between the United States be made on behalf of the United States by any officer, executive and foreign states, or to protect the commercial interests of the United department, or independent establishment of the Government from States and its citizens, or to promote the security or neutrality of the any person who shall have failed to register under the provisions of United States, he shall have the power and it shall be his duty to this Act. require the owner, master, or person in command thereof, before "(i) The provisions of the Act of August 29, 1916, relating to the departing from a port of the United States, to give a bond to the sale of ordnance and stores to the Government of Cuba (39 Stat. 619, United States, with sufficient sureties, in such amount as he shall deem 643; U. S. C., 1934 ed., title 50, sec. 72), are hereby repealed as of proper, conditioned that the vessel will not deliver the men, or any December 31, 1937. part of the cargo, to any warship, tender, or supply ship of a bellig- "(j) The Board shall make an annual report to Congress, copies erent state. of which shall be distributed as are other reports transmitted to "(b) If the President, or any person thereunto authorized by him, Congress. Such reports shall contain such information and data col- shall find that a vessel, domestic or foreign, in a port of the United lected by the Board as may be considered of value in the determination States, has previously cleared from a port of the United States during of questions connected with the control of trade in arms, ammunition, such war and delivered its cargo or any part thereof to a warship, and implements of war. The Board shall include in such reports a tender, or supply ship of a belligerent state, he may prohibit the list of all persons required to register under the provisions of this departure of such vessel during the duration of the war. Act, and full information concerning the licenses issued hereunder. "SUBMARINES AND ARMED MERCHANT VESSELS "(k) The President is hereby authorized to proclaim upon recom- mendation of the Board from time to time a list of articles which "SEC. 8. Whenever, during any war in which the United States is shall be considered arms, ammunition, and implements of war for the neutral, the President shall find that special restrictions placed on purposes of this section. the use of the ports and territorial waters of the United States by the submarines or armed merchant vessels of a foreign state, will "AMERICAN VESSELS PROHIBITED FROM CARRYING ARMS TO BELLIGERENT serve to maintain peace between the United States and foreign states, STATES or to protect the commercial interests of the United States and its citizens, or to promote the security of the United States, and shall "SEC. 6. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued a procla- make proclamation thereof, it shall thereafter be unlawful for any mation under the authority of section 1 of this Act, it shall thereafter such submarine or armed merchant vessel to enter a port or the be unlawful, until such proclamation is revoked, for any American territorial waters of the United States or to depart therefrom, except vessel to carry any arms, ammunition, or implements of war to any under such conditions and subject to such limitations as the President belligerent state, or to any state wherein civil strife exists, named in may prescribe. Whenever, in his judgment, the conditions which such proclamation, or to any neutral state for transshipment to, or have caused him to issue his proclamation have ceased to exist, he for the use of, any such belligerent state or any such state wherein shall revoke his proclamation and the provisions of this section shall civil strife exists. thereupon cease to apply. "(b) Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this section, shall take, or attempt to take, or shall authorize, hire, or solicit another to "TRAVEL ON VESSELS OF BELLIGERENT STATES take, any American vessel carrying such cargo out of port or from the "SEC. 9. Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation jurisdiction of the United States shall be fined not more than $10,000, under the authority of section 1 of this Act it shall thereafter be 8 [Pus. RES. 27.] [PUB. RES. 27.] 9 unlawful for any citizen of the United States to travel on any vessel of the state or states named in such proclamation, except in accord- "(d) The term 'American vessel' means any vessel (including air- ance with such rules and regulations as the President shall prescribe: craft) documented under the laws of the United States. Provided, however, That the provisions of this section shall not "(e) The term 'vehicle' means every description of carriage (includ- apply to a citizen of the United States traveling on a vessel whose ing aircraft) or other contrivance used, or capable of being used, as voyage was begun in advance of the date of the President's procla- a means of transportation on or over land. mation, and who had no opportunity to discontinue his voyage after "(f) The term 'state' shall include nation, government, and country. that date: And provided further, That they shall not apply under "SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS ninety days after the date of the President's proclamation to a citizen of the United States returning from a foreign state to the United "Sec. 14. If any of the provisions of this Act, or the application States. Whenever, in the President's judgment, the conditions which thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder have caused him to issue his proclamation have ceased to exist, he of the Act, and the application of such provision to other persons or shall revoke his proclamation and the provisions of this section shall circumstances, shall not be affected thereby. thereupon cease to apply with respect to the state or states named in such proclamation, except with respect to offenses committed prior "APPROPRIATIONS to such revocation. "SEC. 15. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated from time "ARMING OF AMERICAN MERCHANT VESSELS PROHIBITED to time, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such amounts as may be necessary to carry out the provisions and "Sec. 10. Whenever the President shall have issued a proclamation accomplish the purposes of this Act." under the authority of section 1, it shall thereafter be unlawful, Approved, May 1, 1937, 6.30 p. m., Central Standard Time. until such proclamation is revoked, for any American vessel engaged in commerce with any belligerent state, or any state wherein civil strife exists, named in such proclamation, to be armed or to carry any armament, arms, ammunition, or implements of war, except small arms and ammunition therefor which the President may deem necessary and shall publicly designate for the preservation of disci- pline aboard such vessels. "REGULATIONS "Sec. 11. The President may, from time to time, promulgate such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, as may be necessary and proper to carry out any of the provisions of this Act; and he may exercise any power or authority conferred on him by this Act through such officer or officers, or agency or agencies, as he shall direct. "GENERAL PENALTY PROVISION "Sec. 12. In every case of the violation of any of the provisions of this Act or of any rule or regulation issued pursuant thereto where a specific penalty is not herein provided, such violator or violators, upon conviction, shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. "DEFINITIONS "Sec. 13. For the purposes of this Act- "(a) The term 'United States', when used in a geographical sense, includes the several States and Territories, the insular possessions of the United States (including the Philippine Islands), the Canal Zone, and the District of Columbia. "(b) The term 'person' includes a partnership, company, associa- tion, or corporation, as well as a natural person. (c) The term 'vessel' means every description of watercraft (including aircraft) or other contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on, under, or over water. [COMMITTEE PRINT] B- MARCH 31, 1939 Text of Legislation Relating to Neutrality, Peace, and Our Foreign Policy PENDING IN THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1939 СТИЛЯ SETTIMMOST eser J8 НОЯАМ S.J.RES.97 to txeT of guitsled noitsfaigal TABLE OF CONTENTS Page S. J. Res. 97 Peace Act of 1939, amendment in the nature of a sub- mO brus stitute, introduced by Mr. PITTMAN 1 S.J. Res. 106 To amend the Neutrality Act, introduced by Mr. NYE, Mr. BONE, and Mr. CLARK of Missouri 17 vilo S. J. Res. 21 To prohibit shipment of munitions from the United States, introduced by Mr. NYE 23 S. J. Res. 67. To amend the Neutrality Act, introduced by Mr. THOMAS of Utah 27 S. 203 To repeal the Neutrality Act, introduced by Mr. KINO 29 S. 1745 To repeal the neutrality laws, introduced by Mr. LEWIS 31 SHT VS 0710339 S. Con. Res. 8. Relating to the control of munitions, introduced by Mr. SHEPPARD 33 аиоталия ИОШЛОМ no III STATES антлте emolish an astimmmeD will In USA adi benin't 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. J. RES. 97 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES MARCH 20 (legislative day, MARCH 16), 1939 Mr. PITTMAN introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations JOINT RESOLUTION To be known as the "Peace Act of 1939." 1 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 2 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 AMENDMENT IN THE NATURE OF A SUBSTITUTE 4 PROCLAMATION OF ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN FOREIGN 5 STATES 6 SECTION 1. (a) That whenever any foreign state or 7 states declare a state of war to exist between or among two 8 or more foreign states, the President shall issue a proclama- 9 tion naming the states involved. Whenever the Congress 10 shall by concurrent resolution find, or whenever the President 11 shall find that there exists an undeclared state of war be- 3 2 1 tween or among two or more foreign states the President 1 required to file with the collector of the port from which they 2 shall forthwith proclaim such fact, naming the states involved. 2 are to be exported a declaration under oath that there exists 3 The President shall from time to time, by proclamation, 3 in citizens of the United States no right, title, or interest in 4 name other states as and when they may become involved in 4 such articles or materials, and to comply with such rules and 5 regulations as shall be promulgated from time to time by the 5 such war. (b) Whenever the conditions which have caused the 6 President. Any such declaration so filed shall be a conclu- 6 7 President to issue any proclamation under the authority of 7 sive estoppel against any claim of any citizen of the United 8 this section have ceased to exist, he shall revoke the same by 8 States of right, title, or interest in such articles or materials. 9 (c) Insurance written by underwriters on articles or 9 proclamation. 10 COMMERCE WITH STATES ENGAGED IN ARMED CONFLICT 10 materials included in shipments which are subject to restric- SEC. 2. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 11 tions under the provisions of this Act, and on vessels carrying 11 12 a proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a) it shall 12 such shipments shall not be deemed an American interest 13 thereafter be unlawful for any American vessel to carry 13 therein, and no insurance policy issued on such articles or 14 any passengers or any articles or materials, directly or 14 materials, or vessels, and no loss incurred thereunder or by 15 indirectly, to any state named in the proclamation. 15 the owners of such vessels, shall be made the basis of any 16 (b) Whenever the President shall have issued a 16 claim put forward by the Government of the United States. 17 17 proclamation or proclamations under the authority of section (d) Whenever the President shall have revoked any 18 1 (a) it shall thereafter be unlawful to export or transport, 18 proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 (a) the 19 or attempt to export or transport, or cause to be exported or 19 provisions of this section shall thereupon cease to apply in 20 transported, from the United States, directly or indirectly, to 20 respect to the state or states named in such proclamation, 21 any state named in the proclamation or proclamations, any 21 except with respect to offenses committed prior to such 22 revocation. 22 articles or materials until all right, title, and interest therein 23 AREAS OF COMBAT OPERATIONS 23 shall have been transferred to some foreign government, 24 SEO. 3. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 24 agency, institution, association, partnership, corporation, or 25 national. The shipper of such articles or materials shall be 25 a proclamation or proclamations under the authority of sec- 5 1 tion 1 (a), and he shall thereafter find that the protection 1 TRAVEL ON VESSELS OF FOREIGN STATES 2 of citizens of the United States so requires, he shall issue a 2 SEC. 5. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 3 proclamation, whereupon it shall be unlawful, except under 3 a proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a) it shall 4 such limitations and exceptions as the President may pre- 4 thereafter be unlawful for any citizen of the United States to 5 scribe, for citizens of the United States or vessels flying the 5 travel on any vessel of the state or states named in such 6 flag of the United States to proceed through any areas defined 6 proclamation: Provided, however, (1) That the provisions 7 from time to time by the President to be areas of combat 7 of this section shall not apply to a citizen of the United States 8 operations and so specified in his proclamation. 8 traveling on a vessel whose voyage was begun in advance of 9 (b) The President may from time to time modify or 9 the date of the President's proclamation, and who had no 10 extend his proclamation or proclamations, and when the con- 10 opportunity to discontinue his voyage after that date; (2) 11 ditions which have caused him to issue his proclamation or 11 that they shall not apply under ninety days after the date of 12 proclamations have ceased to exist he shall revoke the same 12 the President's proclamation to a citizen of the United States 13 and the provisions of this section shall thereupon cease to 13 returning from a foreign state to the United States; and (3) 14 apply. 14 that they shall not apply to officers, agents, and employees 15 RED CROSS AND OTHER EXCEPTIONS 15 of the Government of the United States traveling on official 16 SEC. 4. The provisions of sections 2 and 3 shall not 16 business under specific authorization by the President. 17 apply to travel and trade on or over lands, lakes, rivers, and 17 Whenever the President shall have revoked any procla- 18 inland waters bordering on the United States where no armed 18 mation issued under the authority of section 1 (a) the pro- 19 conflict exists as herein defined. Furthermore, these pro- 19 visions of this section shall thereupon cease to apply with 20 visions shall not prohibit the transportation by vessels under 20 respect to the state or states named in such proclamation, 21 charter or other direction and control of the Red Cross, 21 except with respect to offenses committed prior to such 22 proceeding under safe conduct granted by States engaged in 22 revocation. 23 armed conflict, of officers and Red Cross personnel, medical 23 ARMING OF AMERICAN MERCHANT VESSELS PROHIBITED 24 personnel and medical supplies, food, and clothing, for the 24 SEC. 6. Whenever the President shall have issued a 25 relief of human suffering. 25 proclamation under the authority of section 1, it shall there- 6 7 1 after be unlawful, until such proclamation is revoked, for any 1 of legal transactions and of a character customarily used in 2 American vessel, engaged in commerce with any foreign 2 normal peacetime commercial transactions. 3 state, or in any combat area, to be armed or to carry any 3 (b) The provisions of this section shall not apply to a 4 armament, arms, ammunition, or implements of war, except 4 renewal or adjustment of such indebtedness as may exist 5 small arms and ammunition therefor, which the President 5 on the date of the President's proclamation. 6 may deem necessary and shall publicly designate for the 6 (c) Whoever shall violate the provisions of this section 7 preservation of discipline aboard such vessels. 7 or of any regulations issued hereunder shall, upon conviction 8 FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS 8 thereof, be fined not more than $50,000 or imprisoned for 9 SEC. 7. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 9 not more than five years, or both. Should the violation be 10 a proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a), it shall 10 by a corporation, organization, or association, each officer 11 thereafter be unlawful for any person within the United 11 or agent thereof participating in the violation may be liable 12 States to purchase, sell, or exchange bonds, securities, or 12 to the penalty herein prescribed. 13 other obligations of the government of any state named 13 (d) Whenever the President shall have revoked any 14 in such proclamation, or of any political subdivision of 14 proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 (a), 15 any such state, or of any person acting for or on behalf 15 the provisions of this section and of any regulations issued 16 of the government of any such state, issued after the date 16 by the President hereunder shall thereupon cease to apply 17 of such proclamation, or to make any loan or extend any 17 with respect to the state or states named in such proclama- 18 credit to any such government, political subdivision, or 18 tion, except with respect to offenses committed prior to such 19 person: Provided, That if the President shall find that such 19 revocation. 20 action will serve to protect the commercial or other interests 20 SOLICITATION AND COLLECTION OF FUNDS 21 of the United States or its citizens, he may, in his discretion, 21 SEC. 8. Whenever the President shall have issued a 22 and to such extent and under such regulations as he may 22 proclamation or proclamations under the authority of sec- 23 prescribe, except from the operation of this section ordi- 23 tion 1 (a), it shall thereafter be unlawful for any person 24 nary commercial credits and short-time obligations in aid 24 within the United States to solicit or receive any contribu- 8 9 1 tion for or on behalf of the government of any state or agent, 1 unto authorized by him, shall have cause to believe that any 2 instrumentality, or supporter, named in the proclamation. 2 vessel, domestic or foreign, whether requiring clearance or 3 Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit 3 not, is about to carry out of a port of the United States, fuel, 4 the solicitation or collection of funds to be used for medical 4 men, arms, ammunition, implements of war, or other sup- 5 aid and assistance, or for food and clothing to relieve human 5 plies to any warship, tender, or supply ship of a belligerent 6 suffering, when such solicitation or collection of funds is made 6 state, but the evidence is not deemed sufficient to justify 7 on behalf of and for use by any person or organization which 7 forbidding the departure of the vessel as provided for by 8 is not acting for or on behalf or in aid of any such govern- 8 section 1, title V, chapter 30, of the Act approved June 15, 9 ment, but all such solicitations and collections of funds shall 9 1917 (40 Stat. 217, 221; U. S. C., 1934 edition, title 18, 10 be subject to the approval of the President and shall be 10 sec. 31), and if, in the President's judgment, such action 11 made under such rules and regulations as he shall prescribe. 11 will serve to maintain peace between the United States and 12 (b) Whenever the President shall have revoked any 12 foreign states, or to protect the commercial interests of the 13 proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 (a), the 13 United States and its citizens, or to promote the security or 14 provisions of this section and of any regulations issued by 14 neutrality of the United States, he shall have the power 15 the President hereunder shall thereupon cease to apply with 15 and it shall be his duty to require the owner, master, or 16 respect to the states named in such proclamation, except with 16 person in command thereof, before departing from a port of 17 respect to offenses committed prior to such revocation. 17 the United States, to give a bond to the United States, with 18 AMERICAN REPUBLICS 18 sufficient sureties, in such amount as he shall deem proper, 19 SEC. 9. This Act shall not apply to an American repub- 19 conditioned that the vessel will not deliver the men, or any 20 lic or republics engaged in war against a non-American 20 part of the cargo, to any warship, tender, or supply ship of 21 state or states, provided the American republic is not coop- 21 a belligerent state. 22 22 erating with a non-American state or states in such war. (b) If the President, or any person thereunto author- 23 USE OF AMERICAN PORTS AS BASE OF SUPPLIES 23 ized by him, shall find that a vessel, domestic or foreign, in 24 SEC. 10. (a) Whenever, during any war in which the 24 a port of the United States, has previously cleared from a 25 United States is neutral, the President, or any person there- 25 port of the United States during such war and delivered its 10 11 1 cargo or any part thereof to a warship, tender, or supply 1 who shall be chairman and executive officer of the Board, 2 ship of a belligerent state, he may prohibit the departure of 2 the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the 3 such vessel during the duration of the war. 3 Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of Commerce. 4 SUBMARINES AND ARMED MERCHANT VESSELS 4 Except as otherwise provided in this Act, or by other law, 5 SEC. 11. Whenever, during any war in which the 5 the administration of this Act is vested in the Department 6 United States is neutral, the President shall find that special 6 of State. The Secretary of State shall promulgate such rules 7 restrictions placed on the use of the ports and territorial 7 and regulations with regard to the enforcement of this section 8 waters of the United States by the submarines or armed 8 as he may deem necessary to carry out its provisions. The 9 merchant vessels of a foreign state, will serve to maintain 9 Board shall be convened by the chairman and shall hold at 10 peace between the United States and foreign states, or to 10 least one meeting a year. 11 protect the commercial interests of the United States and its 11 (b) Every person who engages in the business of 12 citizens, or to promote the security of the United States, 12 manufacturing, exporting, or importing any of the arms, 13 and shall make proclamation thereof, it shall thereafter be 13 ammunition, or implements of war referred to in this Act, 14 unlawful for any such submarine or armed merchant vessel 14 whether as an exporter, importer, manufacturer, or dealer, 15 to enter a port or the territorial waters of the United States 15 shall register with the Secretary of State his name, or busi- 16 or to depart therefrom, except under such conditions and 16 ness name, principal place of business, and places of business 17 subject to such limitations as the President may prescribe. 17 in the United States, and a list of the arms, ammunition, 18 Whenever, in his judgment, the conditions which have 18 and implements of war which he manufactures, imports, 19 caused him to issue his proclamation have ceased to exist, 19 or exports. 20 he shall revoke his proclamation and the provisions of this 20 (c) Every person required to register under this sec- 21 section shall thereupon cease to apply. 21 tion shall notify the Secretary of State of any change in the 22 NATIONAL MUNITIONS CONTROL BOARD 22 arms, ammunition, or implements of war which he exports, 23 SEC. 12. (a) There is hereby established a National 23 imports, or manufactures; and upon such notification the 24 Munitions Control Board (hereinafter referred to as the 24 Secretary of State shall issue to such person an amended 25 "Board"). The Board shall consist of the Secretary of State, 25 certificate of registration, free of charge, which shall remain 12 13 1 valid until the date of expiration of the original certificate. 1 United States is a party, in which cases such licenses shall 2 Every person required to register under the provisions of 2 not be issued. 3 this section shall pay a registration fee of $100. Upon 3 (g) No purchase of arms, ammunition, or implements 4 receipt of the required registration fee, the Secretary of State 4 of war shall be made on behalf of the United States by any 5 shall issue a registration certificate valid for five years, which 5 officer, executive department, or independent establishment 6 shall be renewable for further periods of five years upon 6 of the Government from any person who shall have failed to 3 the payment for each renewal of a fee of $100. 7 register under the provisions of this Act. 8 (d) It shall be unlawful for any person to export, or 8 (h) The provisions of the Act of August 29, 1916, re- 9 attempt to export, from the United States to any other 9 lating to the sale of ordnance and stores to the Government of 10 state, any of the arms, ammunition, or implements of war 10 Cuba (39 Stat. 619, 643; U. S. C., 1934 edition, title 50, 11 referred to in this Act, or to import, or attempt to import, 11 sec. 72), are hereby repealed as of December 31, 1937. 12 to the United States from any other state, any of the arms, 12 (i) The Board shall make an annual report to Congress, 13 ammunition, or implements of war referred to in this Act, 13 copies of which shall be distributed as are other reports trans- 14 without first having obtained a license therefor. 14 mitted to Congress. Such reports shall contain such infor- 15 (e) All persons required to register under this section 15 mation and data collected by the Board as may be considered 16 shall maintain, subject to the inspection of the Secretary of 16 of value in the determination of questions connected with the 17 State, or any person or persons designated by him, such per- 17 control of trade in arms, ammunition, and implements of war. 18 manent records of manufacture for export, importation, and 18 The Board shall include in such reports a list of all persons 19 exportation of arms, ammunition, and implements of war as 19 required to register under the provisions of this Act, and full 20 the Secretary of State shall prescribe. 20 information concerning the licenses issued hereunder. 21 (f) Licenses shall be issued to persons who have regis- 21 (j) The President is hereby authorized to proclaim 22 tered as herein provided for, except in cases of export or 22 upon recommendation of the Board from time to time a list 23 import licenses where the export of arms, ammunition, or 23 of articles which shall be considered arms, ammunition, and 24 implements of war would be in violation of this Act or any 24 implements of war for the purposes of this section. 25 other law of the United States, or of a treaty to which the J. 138502-2 14 15 1 REGULATIONS 1 capable of being used, as a means of transportation on, under, 2 Sec. 13. The President may, from time to time, pro- 2 or over water. 3 mulgate such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, 3 (d) The term "American vessel" means any vessel 4 as may be necessary and proper to carry out any of the provi- 4 (including aircraft) documented under the laws of the United 5 sions of this Act; and he may exercise any power or authority 5 States. 6 conferred on him by this Act through such officer or officers, 6 (e) The term "vehicle" means every description of car- 7 or agency or agencies, as he shall direct. 7 riage (including aircraft) or other contrivance used, or 8 GENERAL PENALTY PROVISION 8 capable of being used, as a means of transportation on or 9 SEC. 14. In every case of the violation of any of the 9 over land. 10 provisions of this Act or of any rule or regulation issued pur- 10 (f) The term "state" shall include nation, government, 11 suant thereto where a specific penalty is not herein provided, 11 and country. 12 such violator or violators, upon conviction, shall be fined not 12 SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS 13 more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, 13 SEC. 16. If any of the provisions of this Act, or the 14 or both. 14 application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held 15 DEFINITIONS 15 invalid, the remainder of the Act, and the application of such 16 SEC. 15. For the purposes of this Act- 16 provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be 17 (a) The term "United States", when used in a geo- 17 affected thereby. 18 graphical sense, includes the several States and Territories, 18 APPROPRIATIONS 19 the insular possessions of the United States (including the 19 SEC. 17. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated 20 Philippine Islands), the Canal Zone, and the District of 20 from time to time, out of any money in the Treasury not 21 Columbia. 21 otherwise appropriated, such amounts as may be necessary 22 (b) The term "person" includes a partnership, com- 22 to carry out the provisions and accomplish the purposes of 23 pany, association, or corporation, as well as a natural person. 23 this Act. 24 (c) The term "vessel" means every description of 25 watercraft (including aircraft) or other contrivance used, or 16 17 1 REPEAL OF ACTS OF 1935, 1936, 1937 2 SEC. 18. The Act of August 31, 1935 (Public Resolu- 3 tion Numbered 67, Seventy-fourth Congress), as amended 76TH CONGRESS 4 by the Act of February 29, 1936 (Public Resolution Num- 1ST SESSION S. J. RES. 106 5 bered 74, Seventy-fourth Congress), and the Act of May 1, 6 1937 (Public Resolution Numbered 27, Seventy-fifth Con- 7 gress), and the Act of January 8, 1937 (Public Resolution IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 8 Numbered 1, Seventy-fifth Congress), are hereby repealed. MARCH 28, 1939 Mr. NYE (for himself, Mr. BONE, and Mr. CLARK of Missouri) introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations JOINT RESOLUTION To amend the joint resolution entitled "Joint resolution provid- ing for the prohibition of the export of arms, ammunition, and implements of war to belligerent countries; the prohibi- tion of the transportation of arms, ammunition, and imple- ments of war by vessels of the United States for the use of belligerent states; for the registration and licensing of persons engaged in the business of manufacturing, exporting, or importing arms, ammunition, or implements of war; and restricting travel by American citizens on belligerent ships during war", approved August 31, 1935, as amended. 1 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 2 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That subsection (a) of section 1 of the joint resolution 4 entitled "Joint resolution providing for the prohibition of 18 19 1 the export of arms, ammunition, and implements of war 1 nitude or is being conducted under such conditions that the 2 to belligerent countries; the prohibition of the transportation 2 export of arms, ammunition, or implements of war from the 3 of arms, ammunition, and implements of war by vessels of 3 United States to such foreign state would threaten or en- 4 the United States for the use of belligerent states; for the 4 danger the peace of the United States, the President shall 5 registration and licensing of persons engaged in the business 5 forthwith proclaim such fact, and it shall thereafter be un- 6 of manufacturing, exporting, or importing arms, ammunition, 6 lawful to export, or attempt to export, or cause to be ex- 7 or implements of war; and restricting travel by American 7 ported, arms, ammunition, or implements of war from any 8 citizens on belligerent ships during war", approved August 8 place in the United States to such foreign state, or to any 9 31, 1935, as amended, is amended to read as follows: 9 neutral state for transshipment to, or for the use of, such 10 "SECTION 1. (a) Whenever the Congress shall by joint 10 foreign state." 11 resolution find or whenever the President shall find that 11 SEC. 3. Section 2 of such joint resolution of August 31, 12 there exists a state of war between, or among, two or more 12 1935, as amended, is amended to read as follows: 13 foreign states, the President shall forthwith proclaim such 13 "SEC. 2. Whenever the President shall have issued a 14 fact, and it shall thereafter be unlawful to export, or attempt 14 proclamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act 15 to export, or cause to be exported, arms, ammunition, or 15 it shall thereafter be unlawful, except under such limitations 16 implements of war from any place in the United States to 16 and exceptions as the President may prescribe as to lakes, 17 any belligerent state named in such proclamation, or to any 17 rivers, and inland waters bordering on the United States, 18 neutral state for transshipment to, or for the use of, any 18 and as to transportation on or over lands bordering on the 19 such belligerent state." 19 United States, to export or transport, or attempt to export 20 SEC. 2. Subsection (c) of section 1 of such joint reso- 20 or transport, or cause to be exported or transported, from the 21 lution of August 31, 1935, as amended, is amended to read 21 United States to any belligerent state, or to any state wherein 22 as follows: 22 civil strife exists, named in such proclamation, or to any 23 (c) Whenever the Congress shall by joint resolution or 23 neutral state for transshipment to, or for the use of, any such 24 whenever the President shall find that a state of civil strife 24 belligerent state or any such state wherein civil strife exists, 25 exists in a foreign state and that such civil strife is of a mag- 25 any articles or materials whatever until all right, title, and 20 21 1 interest therein shall have been transferred to some foreign 1 SEC. 4. Subsection (a) of section 6 of such joint resolu- 2 government, agency, institution, association, partnership, 2 tion of August 31, 1935, as amended, is amended to read 3 corporation, or national. Every person who exports or 3 as follows: 4 transports any articles or materials from the United States 4 (a) Whenever the President shall have issued a proc- 5 to any such state shall be required to file with the collector 5 lamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act, it shall 6 of the port from which they are to be exported or transported 6 thereafter be unlawful, until such proclamation is revoked, 7 a declaration under oath that there exists in citizens of the 7 for any American vessel to carry any arms, ammunition, or 8 United States no right, title, or interest in such articles 8 implements of war, or any other articles or materials what- 9 or materials, and to comply with such rules and regulations 9 ever, to any belligerent state, or to any state wherein civil 10 as shall be promulgated from time to time by the President. 10 strife exists, named in such proclamation, or to any neutral 11 Any such declaration so filed shall be a conclusive estoppel 11 state for transshipment to, or for the use of, any such bel- 12 against any claim of any citizen of the United States of 12 ligerent state or any such state wherein civil strife exists." 13 right, title, or interest in such articles or materials. Insur- 13 SEC. 5. Section 9 of such joint resolution, as amended, 14 ance written by underwriters on any articles or materials 14 is amended by striking out the following: ", except in 15 the export of which is prohibited by this Act, or on any 15 accordance with such rules and regulations as the President 16 articles or materials exported or transported in violation of 16 shall prescribe". 17 this section, or on any vessel or vehicle carrying any such 17 SEO. 6. Section 10 of such joint resolution of August 18 articles or materials, shall not be deemed an American inter- 18 31, 1935, as amended, is amended to read as follows: 19 est therein, and no insurance policy issued on any such 19 "SEC. 10. Whenever the President shall have issued a 20 articles or materials or on any such vessel or vehicle, and 20 proclamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act, 21 no loss incurred under any such insurance policy or by the 21 it shall thereafter be unlawful, until such proclamation is 22 owner of the vessel or vehicle carrying any such articles or 22 revoked, for any American vessel engaged in commerce to 23 materials, shall be made a basis of any claim put forward by 23 be armed or to carry any armament, arms, ammunition, or 24 the Government of the United States." 24 implements of war, except small arms and ammunition 22 23 1 therefor which the President may deem necessary and shall vita 2 publicly designate for the preservation of discipline aboard 3 such vessels." & 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION wind S. TO J. RES. 21 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JANUARY 4, 1939 Mr. NYE introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations JOINT RESOLUTION To prohibit the shipment of arms, ammunition, and implements of war from any place in the United States. 1 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 2 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That from and after the approval of this joint resolution it 4 shall be unlawful to export, or attempt to export, or cause 5 to be exported, arms, ammunition, or implements of war to to 6 from any place in the United States, except to nations on done 7 the American continents engaged in war against a non- Bisted 8 American state or states. benera 9 SEC. 2. The President may, from time to time, promul- lleniz 10 gate such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, as 11 may be necessary and proper to carry out any of the pro- 24 25 1 visions of this joint resolution; and he may exercise any 1 SEC. 5. If any of the provisions of this joint resolution, 2 power or authority conferred on him by this joint resolu- 2 or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, 3 tion through such officer or officers, or agency or agencies, 3 is held invalid, the remainder of the joint resolution, and 4 as he shall direct. 4 the application of such provisions to other persons or cir- 5 SEC. 3. Any arms, ammunition, or implements of war 5 cumstances, shall not be affected thereby. 6 exported or attempted to be exported from the United States 6 SEC. 6. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated 7 in violation of any of the provisions of this joint resolution 7 from time to time, out of any money in the Treasury not 8 and any vessel or vehicle containing the same shall be sub- 8 otherwise appropriated, such amounts as may be necessary 9 ject to the provisions of sections 1 to 8, inclusive, title 6, 9 to carry out the provisions and accomplish the purposes of 10 chapter 30, of the Act approved June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 10 this joint resolution. 11 223-225; U.S. C., title 22, secs. 238-245). 12 In the case of the forfeiture of any arms, ammunition, 13 or implements of war by reason of a violation of this joint 14 resolution, no public or private sale shall be required; but 15 such arms, ammunition, or implements of war shall be 16 delivered to the Secretary of War for such use or disposal 17 thereof as shall be approved by the President of the United 18 States. 19 SEC. 4. In every case of the violation of any of the 20 provisions of this joint resolution or of any rule or regulation 21 issued pursuant thereto where a specific penalty is not herein 22 provided such violator or violators, upon conviction, shall be 23 fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than 24 five years, or both. 27 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S.J.RES.67 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES FEBRUARY 13, 1939 Mr. THOMAS of Utah introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations JOINT RESOLUTION To amend the Neutrality Act. 1 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 2 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That section 2 of the Neutrality Act, approved August 31, 4 1935, as amended, is amended by adding at the end thereof 5 the following new subsection: 6 (f) Whenever the President shall have issued a proc- 7 lamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act and 8 he shall thereafter find that the placing of restrictions on 9 the export of certain articles or materials of use in war, in 10 addition to arms, ammunition, and implements of war, from 11 the United States to belligerent states, or to a state wherein 12 civil strife exists, is necessary to promote the security or 29 28 1 preserve the peace of the United States, he shall so proclaim, 2 it shall thereafter be unlawful, except under such limitations 3 and exceptions as the President may prescribe, to export, or 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 203 4 attempt to export, or cause to be exported, such articles or 5 materials from any place in the United States to belligerent 6 states or to any state wherein civil strife exists, named in IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 7 such proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 of JANUARY 4, 1939 8 this Act, or to any other state for transshipment to, or for Mr. KING introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 9 the use of, any such belligerent state or any such state to the Committee on Foreign Relations 10 wherein civil strife exists." 11 SEC. 2. Such Act is further amended by adding after 12 section 3 the following new section: THIOL A BILL 13 "SEC. 3A. Whenever the President shall find that one or To repeal the Neutrality Act of August 31, 1935, as amended. 1 14 more states signatory to a treaty to which the United States Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 15 is a party is engaged in war with another state in violation 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 16 of such treaty, he may, with the approval of a majority of 3 That the joint resolution entitled "Joint resolution provid- 17 each House of Congress, exempt such other state, in whole 4 ing for the prohibition of the export of arms, ammunition, 18 or in part, from the provisions of any proclamation issued by 5 and implements of war to belligerent countries; the pro- 19 him under the authority of this Act, if such other state is 6 hibition of the transportation of arms, ammunition, and 20 not engaged in war in violation of such treaty. The President 7 implements of war by vessels of the United States for the 21 may, from time to time, charge, modify, or revoke, in whole 8 use of belligerent states; for the registration and licensing 22 or in part, any exemption issued by him under the authority 9 of persons engaged in the business of manufacturing, export- 23 of this section." or 10 ing, or importing arms, ammunition, or implements of war; etate of 11 and restricting travel by American citizens on belligerent TO J. 138502-3 30 31 1 ships during war", approved August 31, 1935, as amended, 2 is hereby repealed. 3 SEC. 2. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect 76TH CONGRESS 4 in any manner any proceedings instituted prior to the date 1ST SESSION S. 1745 5 of enactment of this Act with respect to any offenses com- 6 mitted or forfeitures incurred under such joint resolution of 7 August 31, 1935, as amended, prior to the date of enactment IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 8 of this Act. MARCH 8, 1939 8 Mr. LEWIS introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations A BILL To repeal the specific Acts known as neutrality laws passed in the years 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1938, and to reestablish the doctrine of the United States that neutrality in all foreign -bivorg conflicts is the policy of the United States and to be enforced according to such regulations as the Executive in charge of the national defense of the country and the protection of our -org citizens, from time to time will be called upon to apply. has 8 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- sill T 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, has 8 3 That the Acts of Congress designated as neutrality statutes -Juoqza 4 of the dates of the years of 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1938, and (1877 10 02 5 the amendments and additions thereto be each hereby invegilled no 6 repealed. 32 33 1 SEC. 2. That the policy of neutrality of the United States 2 of America as concerns conflicts in foreign lands that bear 3 no relation to the United States, of interest to its citizens or 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION 4 defense to its Nation is to be executed from time to time by S. CON. RES. 8 5 appropriate Executive orders by the President of the United 6 States and enforced in such branches of the Government as 7 shall be directed. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 8 SEC. 3. That the regulations for the enforcement of MARCH 20 (legislative day, MARCH 16), 1939 Mr. SHEPPARD submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was 9 neutrality in the different forms of political subjects are to referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 10 be carried out by such provisions and orders, and substitute 11 orders, as from time to time will be called for by the needs 12 of the United States and the proper defense of the interests CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 13 of its people. Whereas recent expressions from the administration here in 14 All Acts and parts of Acts in conflict with this Act are Washington and by constituted authorities of certain other 15 hereby repealed. nations make it appropriate at this time to bend every effort to avoid another general war during the present generation because such a conflict would be SO deadly and such a bur- den for all nations that eminent authorities agree modern civilization in its present form could not survive such a catastrophe for even a few years; and Whereas the United States of America has long pursued the policy of contributing to the furtherance of peaceful relations between various nations through its activities in the estab- lishment of The Hague Tribunal, the furthering of the success of the Washington Conference called in this city in 1921, in its participation in the London Conference in 1930, and in addition to other attempts, its action in the First General Conference for the Limitation of Armaments held in Geneva in 1932; and 34 3 Whereas the Secretary of State should be commended for his 1 great powers under which th efforts through Geneva recently in advocating a reduction 2 needed provisions a reducti of armaments on the part of the great powers as a part of 3 and all types of armed force the program for peace advocated by the present administra- tion, which said reduction in armaments will not only pro- 4 the manufacture and sale of mote the mutual safety of all nations, but also will avoid 5 industry will be strictly regu further vast expenditures of tax money for armaments by 6 ing peace. the governments of peoples already poverty-stricken and o tax-ridden; and Whereas the experience of the World War as expressed at Ver- sailles soon thereafter demonstrates that peace is also endan- gered most seriously by the inadequate restriction and control of the manufacture and sale of munitions of war, which mat- ter was properly investigated by the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, authorized by the Senate; and Whereas it is to the interest of the safety of society and the avoid- ance of another world war in the near future that the pro- gram of the administration for peace mentioned above should include the problem of restriction of the manufacture and sale of munitions of war: Now, therefore, be it 1 Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives 2 concurring), That the Secretary of State be, and hereby is, 3 respectfully urged to include in his commendable program 4 for peace the matter of a mutual restriction and control of the 5 manufacture and sale of munitions of war; and be it further 6 Resolved, That the Secretary of State be, and hereby is, 7 further respectfully requested to secure treaties with all the ndi 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 2320 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES MAY 4, 1939 Mr. VANDENBERG introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations A BILL To reenact the provisions of section 2 of the joint resolution of August 31, 1935, as amended. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That the provisions of section 2 of the joint resolution of 4 August 31, 1935, as amended by the joint resolution of May 5 1, 1937, except subsection (e) of such section, are hereby 6 reenacted, as follows: 7 "EXPORT OF OTHER ARTICLES AND MATERIALS 8 "SEC. 2. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 9 a proclamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act 10 and he shall thereafter find that the placing of restrictions 11 on the shipment of certain articles or materials in addition 2 3 1 to arms, ammunition, and implements of war from the 1 citizens of the United States, he shall so proclaim, and it 2 United States to belligerent states, or to a state wherein 2 shall thereafter be unlawful, except under such limitations 3 civil strife exists, is necessary to promote the security or 3 and exceptions as the President may prescribe as to lakes, 4 preserve the peace of the United States or to protect the 4 rivers, and inland waters bordering on the United States, 5 lives of citizens of the United States, he shall so proclaim, 5 and as to transportation on or over land bordering on the 6 and it shall thereafter be unlawful, except under such limi- 6 United States, to export or transport, or attempt to export 7 tations and exceptions as the President may prescribe as to 7 or transport, or cause to be exported or transported, from 8 lakes, rivers, and inland waters bordering on the United 8 the United States to any belligerent state, or to any state 9 States, and as to transportation on or over lands bordering 9 wherein civil strife exists, named in such proclamation issued 10 on the United States, for any American vessel to carry such 10 under the authority of section 1 of this Act, or to any neutral 11 articles or materials to any belligerent state, or to any state 11 state for transshipment to, or for the use of, any such bel- 12 wherein civil strife exists, named in such proclamation 12 ligerent state or any such state wherein civil strife exists, any 13 issued under the authority of section 1 of this Act, or to 13 articles or materials whatever until all right, title, and interest 14 any neutral state for transshipment to, or for the use of, 14 therein shall have been transferred to some foreign govern- 15 any such belligerent state or any such state wherein civil 15 ment, agency, institution, association, partnership, corpora- 16 strife exists. The President shall by proclamation from time 16 tion, or national. The shipper of such articles or materials 17 to time definitely enumerate the articles and materials which 17 shall be required to file with the collector of the port from 18 it shall be unlawful for American vessels to so transport. 18 which they are to be exported a declaration under oath that 19 (b) Whenever the President shall have issued a 19 there exists in citizens of the United States no right, title, 20 proclamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act 20 or interest in such articles or materials, and to comply with 21 and he shall thereafter find that the placing of restrictions on 21 such rules and regulations as shall be promulgated from 22 the export of articles or materials from the United States 22 time to time by the President. Any such declaration so filed 23 to belligerent states, or to a state wherein civil strife exists, 23 shall be a conclusive estoppel against any claim of any citi- 24 is necessary to promote the security or preserve the peace 24 zen of the United States of right, title, or interest in such 25 of the United States or to protect the lives or commerce of 25 articles or materials. Insurance written by underwriters on 4 1 any articles or materials the export of which is prohibited by 2 this Act, or on articles or materials carried by an Ameri- 3 can vessel in violation of subsection (a) of this section, 4 shall not be deemed an American interest therein, and no 5 insurance policy issued on such articles or materials and no 6 loss incurred thereunder or by the owner of the vessel 7 carrying the same shall be made a basis of any claim put 8 forward by the Government of the United States. 9 (c) The President shall from time to time by proclama- 10 tion extend such restrictions as are imposed under the author- 11 ity of this section to other states as and when they may be 12 declared to become belligerent states under proclamations 13 issued under the authority of section 1 of this Act. 81. 14 '(d) The President may from time to time change, 15 modify, or revoke in whole or in part any proclamations is- 16 sued by him under the authority of this section." 01 TI 81 er To 02 18 SS -itio Лвда 88 nows W no 88 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 2320 A BILL To reenact the provisions of section 2 of the joint resolution of August 31, 1935, as amended. By Mr. VANDENBERG MAY 4, 1939 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 2402 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES MAY 11 (legislative day, MAY 8), 1939 Mr. GILLETTE introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations A BILL Providing for certain proclamations by the President in the case of war between two or more foreign states, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That whenever any foreign state shall declare that a state 4 of war exists between it and any other foreign state or states, 5 or whenever the President, or the Congress by concurrent 6 resolution, shall find that there exists an undeclared state 7 of war between or among two or more foreign states, the 8 President shall forthwith proclaim such fact and the names 9 of the states involved. He shall also, by proclamation, im- 10 mediately name any other state which becomes involved in 11 any such war, and he shall, by proclamation, revoke any 2 3 1 proclamation issued under the authority of this section when- 1 States to purchase, sell, or exchange bonds, securities, or other 2 ever the conditions which caused him to issue the same shall 2 obligations of the government of any State named in such 3 cease to exist. SOAS .2 3 proclamation, or of any political subdivision of any such State, 4 AREAS OF COMBAT OPERATIONS 4 or of any person acting for or on behalf of the government 5 SEC. 2. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 5 of any such State, issued after the date of such proclamation, 6 a proclamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act, 6 or to make any loan or extend any credit to any such govern- 7 he shall, by proclamation, define the areas of combat 7 ment, political subdivision, or person: Provided, That if the 8 operations of the states named in the proclamation SO issued 8 President shall find that such action will serve to protect the 9 under the authority of section 1, and thereafter any citizen 9 commercial or other interests of the United States or its 10 of the United States or any American vessel that enters or 10 citizens, he may, in his discretion, and to such extent and 11 proceeds through any area SO defined shall do SO at his or 11 under such regulations as he may prescribe, except from the 12 its own risk: Provided, That the provisions of this section 12 operation of this section ordinary commercial credits and 13 shall not apply to any class of such citizens or vessels which 13 short-time obligations in aid of legal transactions and of a 14 the President, under such conditions as he may by regulation 14 character customarily used in normal peacetime commercial 15 prescribe, shall specifically exempt from the operation of this 15 transactions. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed 16 section. 16 to prohibit the solicitation or collection of funds to be used 17 (b) The President may from time to time modify or 17 for medical aid and assistance, or for food and clothing to 18 extend any proclamation issued under the authority of this 18 relieve human suffering, when such solicitation or collection 19 section, and he shall, by proclamation, revoke any procla- 19 of funds is made on behalf of and for use by any person or 20 mation SO issued when the conditions which caused him to 20 organization which is not acting for or on behalf of any such 21 issue the same shall cease to exist. 21 government, political subdivision, or person, but all such 22 FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS 22 solicitations and collections of funds shall be subject to the 23 SEC. 3. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued a 23 approval of the President and shall be made under such rules 24 proclamation under the authority of section 1 of this Act, it 24 and regulations as he shall prescribe. 25 shall thereafter be unlawful for any person within the United 4 5 1 (b) The provisions of this section shall not apply to 1 the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the 2 a renewal or adjustment of such indebtedness as may exist 2 Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of Commerce. 3 on the date of the President's proclamation or to an Ameri- 3 Except as otherwise provided in this Act, or by other law, 4 can republic or republics engaged in war against a non- 4 the administration of this Act is vested in the Department 5 American state or states, if the American republic is not co- 5 of State. The Secretary of State shall promulgate such rules 6 operating with a non-American state or states in such war. 6 and regulations with regard to the enforcement of this section 7 (c) Whoever shall violate the provisions of this section 7 as he may deem necessary to carry out its provisions. The 8 or of any regulations issued hereunder shall, upon convic- 8 Board shall be convened by the chairman and shall hold 9 tion thereof, be fined not more than $50,000 or imprisoned 9 at least one meeting a year. 10 for not more than five years, or both. Should the violation 10 (b) Every person who engages in the business of manu- 11 be by a corporation, organization, or association, each officer 11 facturing, exporting, or importing any arms, ammunition, or 12 or agent thereof participating in the violation may be liable 12 implements of war, whether as an exporter, importer, manu- 13 to the penalty herein prescribed. 13 facturer, or dealer, shall register with the Secretary of State 14 (d) Whenever the President shall have revoked any 14 his name, or business name, principal place of business, and 15 proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 of 15 places of business in the United States, and a list of the arms, 16 this Act, the provisions of this section and of any regulations 16 ammunition, and implements of war which he manufactures, 17 issued by the President hereunder shall thereupon cease to 17 imports, or exports. 18 apply with respect to the state or states named in such 18 (c) Every person required to register under this section 19 proclamation, except with respect to offenses committed 19 shall notify the Secretary of State of any change in the arms, 20 prior to such revocation. 20 ammunition, or implements of war which he exports, imports, 21 NATIONAL MUNITIONS CONTROL BOARD 21 or manufactures; and upon such notification the Secretary 22 SEC. 4. (a) There is hereby established a National 22 of State shall issue to such person an amended certificate of 23 Munitions Control Board (hereinafter referred to as the 23 registration, free of charge, which shall remain valid until 24 "Board"). The Board shall consist of the Secretary of State, 24 the date of expiration of the original certificate. Every per- 25 who shall be chairman and executive officer of the Board, 6 7 1 son required to register under the provisions of this section 1 (d) It shall be unlawful for any person to export, or 2 shall pay a registration fee of $500, unless he manufactured, 2 attempt to export, from the United States to any other 3 exported, or imported arms, ammunition, and implements of 3 state, any arms, ammunition, or implements of war, or to 4 war to a total sales value of less than $50,000 during the 4 import, or attempt to import, into the United States from any 5 twelve months immediately preceding his registration, in 5 other state, any arms, ammunition, or implements of war, 6 which case he shall pay a registration fee of $100. Upon 6 without first having obtained a license therefor. 7 receipt of the required registration fee, the Secretary of State 7 (e) All persons required to register under this section 8 shall issue a registration certificate valid for five years, which 8 shall maintain, subject to the inspection of the Secretary of 9 shall be renewable for further periods of five years upon the 9 State, or any person or persons designated by him, such 10 payment for each renewal of a fee of $500 in the case of 10 permanent records of manufacture for export, importation, 11 persons who manufactured, exported, or imported arms, am- 11 and exportation of arms, ammunition, and implements of war 12 munition, and implements of war to a total sales value of 12 as the Secretary of State shall prescribe. 13 more than $50,000 during the twelve months immediately 13 (f) Licenses shall be issued to persons who have reg- 14 preceding the renewal, or a fee of $100 in the case of per- 14 istered as herein provided for, except in cases of export or 15 sons who manufactured, exported, or imported arms, ammu- 15 import licenses where the export of arms, ammunition, or 16 nition, and implements of war to a total sales value of less 16 implements of war would be in violation of law, or of a treaty 17 than $50,000 during the twelve months immediately preced- 17 to which the United States is a party, in which cases such 18 ing the renewal. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby 18 licenses shall not be issued. 19 directed to refund, out of any moneys in the Treasury not 19 (g) No purchase of arms, ammunition, or implements 20 otherwise appropriated, the sum of $400 to every person 20 of war shall be made on behalf of the United States by any 21 who shall have paid a registration fee of $500 pursuant to 21 officer, executive department, or independent establishment 22 this Act, who manufactured, exported, or imported arms, am- 22 of the Government from any person who shall have failed to 23 munition, and implements of war to a total sales value of 23 register under the provisions of this Act. 24 less than $50,000 during the twelve months immediately 24 (h) The Board shall make an annual report to Congress, 25 preceding his registration. 25 copies of which shall be distributed as are other reports trans- 8 9 1 mitted to Congress. Such reports shall contain such infor- 1 REGULATIONS 2 mation and data collected by the Board as may be considered 2 SEC. 5. The President may, from time to time, promul- 3 of value in the determination of questions connected with 3 gate such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, 4 the control of trade in arms, ammunition, and implements 4 as may be necessary and proper to carry out any of the 5 of war. The Board shall include in such reports a list of 5 provisions of this Act; and he may exercise any power or 6 all persons required to register under the provisions of this 6 authority conferred on him by this Act through such officer 7 Act, and full information concerning the licenses issued 7 or officers, or agency or agencies, as he shall direct. 8 hereunder. 8 DEFINITIONS 9 (i) The President shall, by proclamation, definitely 9 SEC. 6. For the purposes of this Act- 10 enumerate from time to time, upon recommendation of the 10 (a) The term "United States", when used in a geo- 11 Board, the articles which shall be considered arms, ammuni- 11 graphical sense, includes the several States and Territories, 12 tion, and implements of war for the purposes of this section, 12 the insular possessions of the United States (including the 13 but the articles SO enumerated shall include the arms, 13 Philippine Islands), the Canal Zone, and the District of 14 ammunition, and implements of war enumerated in the 14 Columbia. 15 President's Proclamation Numbered 2163, of April 10, 15 (b) The term "person" includes a partnership, com- 16 1936, but shall not include raw materials or any other 16 pany, association, or corporation, as well as a natural person. 17 articles or materials not of the same general character as 17 (c) The term "vessel" means every description of 18 those enumerated in the said proclamation, and in the 18 watercraft (including aircraft) or other contrivance used, 19 Convention for the Supervision of the International Trade 19 or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on, 20 in Arms and Ammunition and in Implements of War, signed 20 under, or over water. 21 at Geneva June 17, 1925. 21 (d) The term "American vessel" means any vessel 22 (j) Whoever shall violate the provisions of this section 22 (including aircraft) documented under the laws of the 23 or of any regulations issued hereunder shall, upon conviction 23 United States. 24 thereof, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not 24 (e) The term "vehicle" means every description of 25 more than five years, or both. 25 carriage (including aircraft) or other contrivance used, or S. 2402-2 10 1 capable of being used, as a means of transportation on or over 2 land. 3 (f) The term "state" shall include nation, government, 4 and country. 5 SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS 6 SEC. 7. If any of the provisions of this Act, or the 7 application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held 8 invalid, the remainder of the Act, and the application of 9 such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not 10 be affected thereby. 11 APPROPRIATIONS 12 SEC. 8. There is hereby authorized to be appropriated 13 from time to time, out of any money in the Treasury not 14 otherwise appropriated, such amounts as may be necessary SOAS 15 to carry out the provisions and accomplish the purposes of 16 this Act. 17 REPEALS 18 SEC. 9. The joint resolution of August 31, 1935, as 19 amended, and the joint resolution of January 8, 1937, are 20 hereby repealed; but nothing in this section shall be con- 21 strued to affect in any manner any proceedings instituted 22 prior to the date of enactment of this Act with respect to 23 any offenses committed or forfeitures incurred under either 24 of such joint resolutions prior to the date of enactment of 25 this Act. 1 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. 2402 A BILL Providing for certain proclamations by the President in the case of war between two or more foreign states, and for other purposes. By Mr. GILLETTE MAY 11 (legislative day, MAY 8), 1939 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. J. RES. 306 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JULY 5, 1939 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations JOINT RESOLUTION Neutrality Act of 1939. Whereas the policy of the United States in foreign wars not affecting the defense of the United States is a policy of neutrality in accordance with the rules of international law; and Whereas the United States stands for restating and strengthen- ing the rights of neutrals at the earliest practicable time; and Whereas it seems advisable, until these rights can be restated, to diminish the risk of this Nation becoming involved in foreign wars by restricting the exercise of certain neutral rights of our citizens: Therefore be it 1 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 2 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2 3 1 PROCLAMATION OF A STATE OF WAR BETWEEN FOREIGN 1 tion, unless in accordance with such rules and regulations 2 STATES 2 as the President shall prescribe. 3 SECTION 1. (a) That whenever the President or Con- 3 (b) Whenever the President shall have revoked any 4 gress by concurrent resolution shall find that there exists a 4 proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 (a), 5 state of war between foreign states, and that it is necessary 5 the provisions of this section and of any regulations issued 6 to promote the security or preserve the peace of the United 6 by the President hereunder shall thereupon. cease to apply 7 States or to protect the lives of citizens of the United States, 7 with respect to the state or states named in such procla- 8 the President shall issue a proclamation naming the states 8 mation, except with respect to offenses committed prior to 9 involved; and he shall, from time to time, by proclamation, 9 such revocation. 10 name other states as and when they may become involved 10 FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS AND TRANSFER OF TITLE 11 in the war. 11 SEC. 4. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 12 (b) Whenever the conditions which have caused the 12 a proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a), it shall 13 President to issue any proclamation under the authority of 13 thereafter be unlawful for any person within the United 14 this section have ceased to exist, he shall revoke the same. 14 States to purchase, sell, or exchange bonds, securities, or 15 SEC. 2. Whenever the President shall have issued a 15 other obligations of the government of any state named 16 proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a) it shall 16 in such proclamation, or of any political subdivision of 17 thereafter be unlawful to export, or attempt to export, or 17 any such state, or of any person acting for or on behalf 18 cause to be exported, arms or ammunition from any place in 18 of the government of any such state, issued after the date 19 the United States to any belligerent states named in such 19 of such proclamation, or to make any loan or extend any 20 proclamation. 20 credit to any such government, political subdivision, or 21 TRAVEL ON VESSELS OF BELLIGERENT STATES 21 person: Provided, That if the President shall find that such 22 SEC. 3. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 22 action will serve to protect the commercial or other interests 23 a proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a), no citi- 23 of the United States or its citizens, he may, in his discretion, 24 zen of the United States shall travel except at his own risk 24 and to such extent and under such regulations as he may 25 on any vessel of the state or states named in such proclama- 25 prescribe, except from the operation of this section for a 4 5 1 period of not more than ninety days without renewals ordi- 1 agency, institution, association, partnership, corporation, or 2 nary commercial credits and short-time obligations in aid 2 national. The shipper of such articles or materials shall be 3 of legal transactions and of a character customarily used in 3 required to file with the collector of the port from which 4 normal peacetime commercial transaction; the President 4 they are to be exported a declaration under oath that there 5 shall make public every ninety days any and all exceptions 5 exists in citizens of the United States no right, title, or 6 granted under this proviso, together with the amounts of 6 interest in such articles or materials, and to comply with such 7 credits involved. 7 rules and regulations as shall be promulgated from time 8 (b) The provisions of this section shall not apply to a 8 to time by the President. Any such declaration so filed shall 9 renewal or adjustment of such indebtedness as may exist 9 be a conclusive estoppel against any claim of any citizen 10 on the date of the President's proclamation. 10 of the United States of right, title, or interest in such articles 11 (c) Whoever shall violate the provisions of subsection 11 or materials. Insurance written by underwriters on such 12 (a) of this section or of any regulations issued thereunder. 12 articles or materials shall not be deemed an American interest 13 shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than 13 therein, and no insurance policy issued on such articles or 14 $50,000 or imprisoned for not more than five years, or 14 materials, and no loss incurred thereunder, shall be made 15 both. Should the violation be by a corporation, organization, 15 the basis of any claim put forward by the Government of 16 or association, each officer or agent thereof participating in 16 the United States. The provisions of this subsection shall 17 the violation may be liable to the penalty herein prescribed. 17 not apply to trade on or over lands, lakes, rivers, and inland 18 (d) Whenever the President shall have issued a procla- 18 waters bordering on the United States. 19 mation under the authority of section 1 (a) it shall there- 19 (e) Whenever the President shall have revoked any 20 after be unlawful, except in accordance with such rules 20 proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 (a), 21 and regulations as the President shall prescribe, to export or 21 the provisions of this section and of any regulations issued 22 transport, or attempt to export or transport, or cause to be 22 by the President hereunder shall thereupon cease to apply 23 exported or transported, from the United States directly or 23 with respect to the state or states named in such proclama- 24 indirectly to any state named in the proclamation, any 24 tion, except with respect to offenses committed prior to such 25 articles or materials until all right, title, and interest therein 25 revocation. 26 shall have been transferred to some foreign government, 6 7 1 SOLICITATION AND COLLECTION OF FUNDS 1 AMERICAN REPUBLICS 2 SEC. 5. (a) Whenever the President shall have issued 2 SEC. 6. The foregoing provisions of this joint resolution 3 a proclamation under the authority of section 1 (a), it shall 3 shall not apply to any American republic. 4 thereafter be unlawful for any person within the United 4 USE OF AMERICAN PORTS AS BASE OF SUPPLY 5 States to solicit or receive any contribution for or on behalf of 5 SEC. 7. (a) Whenever, during any war in which the 6 the government of any small state named in the proclamation 6 United States is neutral, the President, or any person there- 7 or of any association, organization, or person acting for or 7 unto authorized by him, shall have cause to believe that 8 on behalf of such government. Nothing in this section shall 8 any vessel, domestic or foreign, whether requiring clear- 9 be construed to prohibit the solicitation or collection of con- 9 ance or not, is about to carry out of a port of the United 10 tributions to be used for medical aid and assistance, or for 10 States, fuel, men, arms, ammunition, implements of war, 11 food and clothing to relieve human suffering, when such 11 or other supplies to any warship, tender, or supply ship 12 solicitation or collection of contributions is made on behalf 12 of a belligerent state in violation of the laws, treaties or obli- 13 of and for use by any person or organization which is not 13 gations of the United States under the law of nations and the 14 acting for or on behalf or in aid of any such government, but 14 supreme law of the land, but the evidence is not deemed 15 all such solicitations and collections of contributions shall 15 sufficient to justify forbidding the departure of the vessel as 16 be subject to the approval of the President and shall be made 16 provided for by section 1, title V, chapter 30, of the Act 17 under such rules and regulations as he shall prescribe. 17 approved June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 217, 221; U. S. C., 18 (b) Whenever the President shall have revoked any 18 1934 edition, title 18, sec. 31), and if, in the President's 19 proclamation issued under the authority of section 1 (a), 19 judgment, such action will serve to maintain peace between 20 the provisions of this section and of any regulations issued 20 the United States and foreign states, or to protect the com- 21 by the President hereunder shall thereupon cease to apply 21 mercial interests of the United States and its citizens, or to 22 with respect to the small states named in such proclamation, 22 promote the security or neutrality of the United States, 23 except with respect to offenses committed prior to such 23 he shall have the power, and it shall be his duty, to require 24 revocation. 24 the owner, master, or person in command thereof, before 25 departing from a port of the United States, to give a bond 8 9 1 to the United States, with sufficient sureties, in such amount 1 ever, in his judgment, the conditions which have caused him 2 as he shall deem proper, conditioned that the vessel will 2 to issue his proclamation have ceased to exist, he shall re- 3 not deliver the men, or any part of the cargo, to any war- 3 voke his proclamation and the provisions of this section 4 ship, tender, or supply ship of a belligerent state. 4 shall thereupon cease to apply. 5 (b) If the President, or any person thereunto author- 5 NATIONAL MUNITIONS CONTROL BOARD 6 ized by him, shall find that a vessel, domestic or foreign, 6 SEC. 9. (a) There is hereby established a National 7 in a port of the United States, has previously cleared from 7 Munitions Control Board (hereinafter referred to as the 8 a port of the United States during such war and delivered 8 "Board"). The Board shall consist of the Secretary of 9 its cargo or any part thereof to a warship, tender, or 9 State, who shall be chairman and executive officer of the 10 supply ship of a belligerent state, he may prohibit the 10 Board, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, 11 departure of such vessel during the duration of the war. 11 the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of Commerce. 12 SUBMARINES AND ARMED MERCHANT VESSELS 12 Except as otherwise provided in this joint resolution, or by 13 SEC. 8. Whenever, during any war in which the United 13 other law, the administration of this joint resolution is vested 14 States is neutral, the President shall find that special restric- 14 in the Department of State. The Secretary of State shall 15 tions placed on the use by the submarines or armed merchant 15 promulgate such rules and regulations with regard to the 16 vessels of a belligerent state of the ports and territorial waters 16 enforcement of this section as he may deem necessary to 17 of the United States will serve to maintain peace between 17 carry out its provisions. The Board shall be convened 18 the United States and belligerent states, or to protect the 18 by the chairman and shall hold at least one meeting a year. 19 commercial interests of the United States and its citizens, 19 (b) Every person who engages in the business of manu- 20 or to promote the security of the United States, and shall 20 facturing, exporting, or importing any of the arms, ammuni- 21 make proclamation thereof, it shall thereafter be unlawful 21 tion, or implements of war referred to in this joint resolution, 22 for any such submarine or armed merchant vessel to enter 22 whether as an exporter, importer, manufacturer, or dealer, 23 a port or the territorial waters of the United States or to 23 shall register with the Secretary of State his name, or busi- 24 depart therefrom, except under such conditions and subject 24 ness name, principal place of business, and places of business 25 to such limitations as the President may prescribe. When- 25 in the United States, and a list of the arms, ammunition, 10 11 1 and implements of war which he manufactures, imports, 1 (e) All persons required to register under this section 2 or exports. 2 shall maintain, subject to the inspection of the Secretary of 3 (c) Every person required to register under this sec- 3 State, or any person or persons designated by him, such per- 4 tion shall notify the Secretary of State of any change in the 4 manent records of manufacture for export, importation, and 5 arms, ammunition, or implements of war which he exports, 5 exportation of arms, ammunition, and implements of war as 6 imports, or manufactures; and upon such notification the 6 the Secretary of State shall prescribe. 7 Secretary of State shall issue to such person an amended 7 (f) Licenses shall be issued to persons who have regis- 8 certificate of registration, free of charge, which shall remain 8 tered as herein provided for, except in cases of export or 9 valid until the date of expiration of the original certificate. 9 import licenses where the export of arms, ammunition, or 10 Every person required to register under the provisions of 10 implements of war would be in violation of this joint reso- 11 this section shall pay a registration fee of $100. Upon 11 lution or any other law of the United States, or of a treaty 12 receipt of the required registration fee, the Secretary of State 12 to which the United States is a party, in which cases such 13 shall issue a registration certificate valid for five years, which 13 licenses shall not be issued. 14 shall be renewable for further periods of five years upon 14 (g) No purchase of arms, ammunition, or implements 15 the payment for each renewal of a fee of $100. 15 of war shall be made on behalf of the United States by any 16 (d) It shall be unlawful for any person to export, or 16 officer, executive department, or independent establishment 17 attempt to export, from the United. States to any other 17 of the Government from any person who shall have failed 18 state, any of the arms, ammunition, or implements of war 18 to register under the provisions of this joint resolution. 19 referred to in this joint resolution, or to import, or attempt 19 (h) The provisions of the Act of August 29, 1916, 20 to import, to the United States from any other state, any 20 relating to the sale of ordnance and stores to the Govern- 21 of the arms, ammunition, or implements of war referred to 21 ment of Cuba (39 Stat. 619, 643; U. S. C., 1934 edition, 22 in this joint resolution, without first having obtained a license 22 title 50, sec. 72), are hereby repealed as of December 31, 23 therefor. In the application for license the applicant shall 23 1937. 24 set forth a description of such exports or imports together 24 (i) The Board shall make an annual report to Congress, 25 with the terms of sale as to credit or payment. 25 copies of which shall be distributed as are other reports 12 13 1 transmitted to Congress. Such reports shall contain such 1 GENERAL PENALTY PROVISION 2 information and data collected by the Board as may be con- 2 SEC. 11. In every case of the violation of any of the 3 sidered of value in the determination of questions connected 3 provisions of this joint resolution or of any rule or regula- 4 with the control of trade in arms, ammunition, and imple- 4 tion issued pursuant thereto where a specific penalty is not 5 ments of war. The Board shall include in such reports a 5 herein provided, such violator or violators, upon conviction, 6 list of all persons required to register under the provisions 6 shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more 7 of this joint resolution, and full information concerning the 7 than five years, or both. 8 licenses issued hereunder: Provided, That, if the President 8 DEFINITIONS 9 shall have issued a proclamation under the authority of 9 SEC. 12. For the purposes of this joint resolution- 10 section 1 (a), the Board shall thereupon make public an 10 (a) The term "United States", when used in a geo- 11 immediate report containing all the information herein pro- 11 graphical sense, includes the several States and Territories, 12 vided, and shall make public a similar report each ninety days 12 the insular possessions of the United States (including the 13 thereafter so long as such proclamation shall be in force. 13 Philippine Islands), the Canal Zone, and the District of 14 (j) The President is hereby authorized to proclaim 14 Columbia. 15 upon recommendation of the Board from time to time a list 15 (b) The term "person" includes a partnership, com- 16 of articles which shall be considered arms, ammunition, and 16 pany, association, or corporation, as well as a natural person. 17 implements of war for the purposes of this section. 17 (c) The term "vessel" means every description of 18 REGULATIONS 18 watereraft (including aircraft) or other contrivance used, 19 SEC. 10. The President may, from time to time, pro- 19 or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on. 20 mulgate such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, 20 under, or over water. 21 as may be necessary and proper to carry out any of the 21 (d) The term "state" shall include nation, government 22 provisions of this joint resolution; and he may exercise any 22 and country. 23 power or authority conferred on him by this joint resolution 23 SEPARABILITY OF PROVISIONS 24 through such officer or officers, or agency or agencies, as he 24 SEC. 13. If any of the provisions of this joint resolu- 25 shall direct. 25 tion, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, 26 is held invalid, the remainder of the joint resolution, and the 14 1 application of such provision to other persons or circum- 2 stances, shall not be affected thereby. 3 APPROPRIATIONS 4 SEC. 14. There is hereby authorized to be appropri- 5 ated from time to time, out of any money in the Treasury 6 not otherwise appropriated, such amounts as may be neces- 7 sary to carry out the provisions and accomplish the purposes 8 of this joint resolution. 9 not - REPEAL OF ACTS OF 1935, 1936, 1937 10 SEC. 15. The Act of August 31, 1935 (Public Reso- works TAI 11 lution Numbered 67, Seventy-fourth Congress), as amended 12 by the Act of February 29, 1936 (Public Resolution Num- 13 bered 74, Seventy-fourth Congress), and the Act of May 1, 14 1937 (Public Resolution Numbered 27, Seventy-fifth Con- BER 1' 308 ИОНТИЛОВНЯ тию bee Just to todo 15 gress), and the Act of January 8, 1937 (Public Resolution 16 Numbered 1, Seventy-fifth Congress), are hereby repealed: 17 Provided, That such repeal shall not affect the validity of 18 the Proclamation Numbered 2237 of May 1, 1937 (50 Stat. 19 1834), defining the term "arms, ammunition, and imple- 20 ments of war" or of certificates of registration or licenses 21 issued pursuant to the provisions of section 5 of the Act of 22 May 1, 1937. Passed the House of Representatives June 30, 1939. Attest: SOUTH TRIMBLE, Clerk. 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. J. RES. 306 JOINT RESOLUTION Neutrality Act of 1939. JULY 5, 1939 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations S ni TBW odt ni start oili vd toobnoo dona vllodw ai has nisA ni legitilog zi RizA bren :lott no senter betieV odt ovlovni and tomms dous anotod V/ bas neqst drive ati ai nistrid InstD lo obia adt 76TH CONGRESS 9T(ST SESSION S.J.RES. 186 Jamm to smoll fam all not booloss haldmasser IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES nine to mintaina bluoda botin't 8 5 (legislative day, AUGUST 2), 1939 Mr. NYE introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations nistin8 ingriD mont illosti bren neqet. bren anid') & 918 enidO ni ban Insititoq 9201/77 a JOINT RESOLUTION -1 bloow. to thin TBW bas 8 Providing that the United States should maintain a policy of strict neutrality in Asia. Totanaib Whereas it is charged openly and the facts would seem to demon- strate that the United States has a secret alliance with Great Britain in relation to both Europe and Asia; and Whereas such an alliance must inevitably mean war for the United States; and Whereas by a succession of newspaper dispatches it is disclosed that the Department of State is actively participating through communications and conferences in relation to the support of the Chinese Nationalist currency, in a conflict between Great Britain and Japan, and in relation to Chinese silver in the British banks in Tientsin, as well as in other matters which affect Great Britain; and 2 Whereas such conduct by the Department of State in the war in Asia is political intervention in Asia and is wholly unneu- tral; and Whereas such conduct cannot but involve the United States on the side of Great Britain in its differences with Japan and must ultimately lead the United States into war: Therefore be it 1 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 2 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That the United States should maintain a policy of strict 4 neutrality in relation to the war now taking place between 5 China and Japan and disassociate itself from Great Britain, 6 whose political and economic interests in China are para- 7 mount and are now in conflict with the interests of Japan, 8 and that war with Japan in support of British interests would torms to vodog n 9 mean disaster for the United States. -понтов of moor bluow and oill bire vlaago bogando il tesmi) drive consifis 199998 24 and botin't odt trult statis buse has aquald died (7) iti mining odit той 167 meam zhlativani mailths 118 flore commit bon: botie? basobaib 23 si endotequib to noissanone R vd regrouts guiteqioing viazitin * to oil) July require ods of noitalys III bru newded 11 si reomid oils in ni Tovlie of moitales ni box angab bits mintin8 петр stotting modio ni 88 How ve mismoiT ni adand deing and bish mofts dridw 7GTH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S.J. RES. 186 JOINT RESOLUTION Providing that the United States should main- tain a policy of strict neutrality in Asia. By Mr. NYE AUGUST 5 (legislative day, AUGUST 2), 1939 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S.J.RES.123 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JULY 11 (legislative day, JULY 10), 1939 Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be printed AMENDMENT (IN THE NATURE OF A SUBSTITUTE) Intended to be proposed by Mr. PITTMAN to the joint resolu- tion (S. J. Res. 123) relative to violation of a treaty, viz: Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert in lieu thereof the following: 1 That whenever the President shall find that any foreign 2 state which is a party to the treaty known as the Nine 3 Power Pact between the United States, Belgium, the British 4 Empire, China, France, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, 5 and Portugal, regarding principles and policies to be followed 6 in matters concerning China, signed at Washington, Febru- 7 ary 6, 1922, is endangering the lives of citizens of the United 8 States, or depriving such citizens of their legal rights and 9 privileges, through the commission of acts, or the failure to 7-11-39-E 2 3 1 perform required acts, in violation of the express provisions 1 rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the 2 and guaranties in said treaty, the President is authorized 2 provisions of this joint resolution. 3 by proclamation to restrict or prohibit the export from the 3 (d) Whenever in the judgment of the President the 4 United States to such foreign state and to any other place 4 conditions which caused him to issue any such proclamation 5 under the physical or political control thereof of any of the 5 have ceased to exist, he shall revoke the proclamation and 6 following articles and materials: "Arms, ammunition, im- 6 the provisions of this joint resolution shall thereupon cease 7 plements of war", as defined in the Act approved May 1, 7 to apply with respect to the foreign state or states and the 8 1937 (Public Resolution Numbered 27, Seventy-fifth Con- 8 places under the physical or political control thereof named 9 gress, first session), and iron, steel, oil, gasoline, scrap-iron, 9 in such proclamation, except with respect to offenses com- 10 scrap-steel, and scrap-metal containing a combination of 10 mitted, or forfeitures incurred, prior to such revocation. 11 iron or steel and other metals or any combination of metals. 11 SEC. 3. (a) It is hereby declared to be the intent of 12 SEC. 2. (a) Each proclamation issued by the President 12 Congress that the authority granted to the President by this 13 under section 1 shall definitely enumerate the articles and 13 joint resolution shall be exercised only to the extent neces- 14 materials referred to in such section the export of which is 14 sary for the protection of the lives of citizens of the United 15 to be restricted or prohibited by such proclamation, and shall 15 States and the rights and privileges guaranteed to them 16 name the foreign state or states and the places under the 16 under the treaty referred to in section 1, and that such 17 physical or political control thereof to which such procla- 17 authority shall not be exercised until after the President shall 18 mation is to apply. 18 have made every reasonable effort to induce the foreign 19 (b) Each such proclamation shall take effect upon the 19 state or states concerned in any violation of said treaty to 20 thirtieth day after the date such proclamation is issued, and 20 comply with the terms of said treaty in order to protect the 21 shall remain in effect until changed, modified, or revoked 21 lives of such citizens and the rights and privileges SO 22 as hereinafter provided. 22 guaranteed. 23 (c) The President may from time to time by procla- 23 (b) In carrying out the provisions of this joint resolu- 24 mation change, modify, or revoke, in whole or in part, any 24 tion there shall be no discrimination between foreign states 25 such proclamation, and he is authorized to prescribe such 25 which are parties to and SO violating said treaty. 4 1 SEC. 4. (a) Whoever shall export, or attempt to export, 2 or cause to be exported, from the United States to any foreign 3 state or states or to any place under the physical or political 4 control thereof named in any proclamation issued by the 5 President under section 1, any articles or materials enumer- € ated in such proclamation the export of which is restricted 7 or prohibited, shall be fined not more than $10,000, or im- 8 prisoned not more than five years, or both, and the property, 9 vessel, or vehicle containing the same shall be subject to the 10 provisions of sections 1 to 8, inclusive, title 6, chapter 30, 11 of the Act approved June 15, 1917 (40 Stat. 223-225; 12 U. S. C., 1934 edition, title 22, secs. 238-245). 13 (b) In the case of the forfeiture of any articles or ma- 14 terials by reason of a violation of any such proclamation, no 15 public or private sale shall be required; but such articles or 16 materials shall be delivered to the Secretary of War for such 17 use or disposal thereof as shall be approved by the President. 18 SEC. 5. This joint resolution and all proclamations is- 19 sued thereunder shall not be effective after May 1, 1940, 20 except with respect to offenses committed, or forfeitures 21 incurred, prior to such date. 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. J. RES. 123 AMENDMENT (IN THE NATURE OF A SUBSTITUTE) Intended to be proposed by Mr. PITTMAN to the joint resolution (S. J. Res. 123) relative to violation of a treaty. JULY 11 (legislative day, JULY 10), 1939 Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be printed 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. J. RES. 143 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JUNE 1 (legislative day, MAY 31), 1939 Mr. SCHWELLENBACH introduced the following joint resolution; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations e JOINT RESOLUTION SI To provide for retaining in the United States, and denying export therefrom, articles or materials to be used in violation of the sovereignty, independence, or territorial or administrative integrity of any nation, contrary to the treaty engagements of the United States. 1 Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 2 of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 That in compliance with our treaty engagements, and to 4 conserve our resources for national-defense purposes, there 5 shall be retained within the United States, and denied export 6 therefrom, all goods, wares, merchandise, munitions, mate- 7 rials, and supplies of every kind and character, except agri- 8 cultural products, which there is reason to believe will, if 9 exported, be used, directly or indirectly, in violation of the 10 3 1 sovereignty, or the independence, or the territorial or admin- 1 lution through such officer or officers, or agency or agencies, 2 istrative integrity of any nation, whose sovereignty, inde- 2 as he shall direct. 3 pendence, and territorial and administrative integrity the 3 SEC. 5. It shall be unlawful to export, or attempt to 4 United States is obligated by treaty to respect. 4 export, or in any manner contribute to the export of, any 5 SEC. 2. The President shall issue from time to time as 5 article or material from the United States in violation of 6 may be necessary public proclamations specifying articles 6 the terms or conditions of any proclamation issued under 7 and materials to be retained within the United States and 7 section 2. Any person violating the provisions of this joint 8 denied export therefrom under this Act, and the extent to 8 resolution or any rule or regulation issued hereunder shall, 9 which and the terms and conditions under which such articles 9 upon conviction, be fined not more than $50,000 or im- 10 and materials shall be so retained and denied export. Any 12 THIOL 13 SEC. 3. Any proclamation issued under section 2 of this 14 Act, together with a statement of the facts upon which it ENI 238.1.2 иогтилогая ТИЮ 10 prisoned not more than five years, or both. 11 such proclamation shall become effective on the date specified 15 is based, shall be transmitted by the President to the Con- TRUST 16 gress forthwith, or, if the Congress is not in session, at the 17 beginning of the next session. If the Congress shall there- 18 after disapprove of such proclamation by concurrent resolu- 19 tion, such proclamation shall not be effective after the date 20 of such concurrent resolution. 21 SEC. 4. The President may, from time to time, pro- 22 mulgate such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with 23 law, as may be necessary and proper to carry out any of 24 the provisions of this joint resolution; and he may exercise 25 any power or authority conferred on him by this joint reso- 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. J. RES. 143 JOINT RESOLUTION & To provide for retaining in the United States, and denying export therefrom, articles or materials to be used in violation of the sov- ed ereignty, independence, or territorial or ad- Harla ministrative integrity of any nation, con- trary to the treaty engagements of the United States. aciomage 10 TO 10 door dysords noitul Read twice and referred to the Committee "on Foreign Relations of igradis od Hula ym) of TO Jhoqze to noitaloiv ni botin't adminit TO abine By Mr. SCHWELLENBACH JUNE 1 (legislative day, MAY 31), 1939 roban bonesi do OR ault TO trinj 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. RES. 166 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JULY 18, 1939 Mr. VANDENBERG submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations may noisted VIRGIN RESOLUTION 1 Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that the 2 Government of the United States should give Japan the 3 six months' notice required by the treaty of 1911 for its each .гзя .2 4 abrogation SO that the Government of the United States may 5 be free to deal with Japan in the formulation of a new 6 treaty and in the protection of American interests as new 7 necessities may require; and be it further 8 Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate that the 9 Government of the United States should ask that the Con- 10 ference of Brussels of 1937, now in recess, should be reas- 11 sembled to determine, pursuant to the express provisions of 12 the Nine-Power Treaty of Washington of 1922, whether 13 Japan has been and is violating said treaty and to recom- 14 mend the appropriate course to be pursued by the signatories. 76TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. RES. 166 RESOLUTION DD Favoring the notification of Japan of the in- tention of the United States to abrogate the treaty of 1911. By Mr. VANDENBERG T1 JUE LEAVIE OL JULE UNILED 207 doubit oft AM JULY 18, 1939 Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations eser BT not aar MOITUJOS truit adam8 to will si it red silt muqst sais Minute odi not TIRE vd herisport you betin't odd ndt W911 JX to odi ni ungel, thin PR to of ii nel bire cortinpor od) indi odt to 92092 ord ai ii bordoes.8 -00 odt todi den Iduoda 891838 out to e -8007 od bloode Amount iti WOR ,7881 to to or to smoizivong odi of Insurang of belower It willorlw ,2881 to norgniden H to woll-miX odt ST -010997 01 bun 71891 bing unitaloiv si him used ead must SC adi 7d honerny ad et 9ds baom WE PSF:SAFE - Ballitt 1° Paris, October 4, 1939. Personal and Secret Dear Mr. President: I enclose herewith three documents that will interest you. The long one beginning, "Dear Sir Edward" is the communication on behalf of the French Government, written by Jean Monnet, to the British Government, in the person of Sir Edward Bridges, Secretary of the War Cabinet, concerning the organization for practical collaboration between the French and British Governments. You will note that it follows the lines established in 1918. It is entirely sensible, I think; and I plead guilty to getting the idea started and to getting Dal- adier to put the matter in Monnet's hands. Monnet The Honorable Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, The White House, Washington. - 2 - Monnet accompanied Daladier to England for his conferences with Chamberlain last week, and has spent the days since talking with all the Cabinet Ministers in England. He is confident that the British will accept the organization as outlined by him in this letter. I thought you would be interested in having it in advance. So far as the organization in the United States is concerned, the present plan is to set up a joint Franco- British purchasing agency, and not make purchases through Morgan and Company or through any other bank or agent. I have had a large enough finger in all this business to be able to steer it, in case you have any definite ideas as to what you want or do not want. Just let me know. The second and third documents have to do with airplane orders in the United States. They were handed to me tonight by Guy La Chambre. The airplane situation is approximately the fol- lowing: The French produced in the month of September 1939, 319 war planes. The British produced approximately 450 war planes. In addition, both the French and British - 3 - British produced a considerable number of training planes. The French and British believe that the Germans can produce approximately fifteen hundred planes per month but can not go above that figure; and that the Germans are now producing one thousand planes a month. The French and British hope that their combined production of war planes will amount to approximately twelve hundred a month by next Spring. It is obvious to everyone that if France and England are to obtain, first, equality in the air, and then dominance in the air, the productive capacity of the United States must be called into play to a much larger degree than at present. The French realize that the production of motors by Pratt and Whitney, Curtiss Wright, and Allison will be in such large measure taken up by orders of the American Army that it will be necessary for the British and French to pay for enlargements of these plants 80 that their production may be trebled. The present plan is to send to the United States, as soon as the Neutrality Act shall have been changed, persons - 4 - persons competent to carry through the business of enlarging existing plants and placing of orders. The French Air Ministry, and Daladier as well, have great confidence in Colonel Jacquin who is now in Washington; but business on the scale contemplated-- which will probably amount to a billion dollars-- will probably be placed in the hands of Monnet. Nothing of course will be done until the embargo provisions of the Neutrality Act shall have been eliminated. You will note in the long and disorderly slip of paper--handed me tonight by Guy La Chambre--which gives the orders placed in America, that between now and next February, one hundred Douglases and 215 Glenn Martins are to be delivered; but that no Curtiss P-36s are to be delivered between now and next February. The reason for this is that the Curtiss P-36 production between now and February has been taken by our own army. In combat the P-36s have proved superior to the German Messerschmidts and everyone, from the aviators who fly them up to Daladier, is enthusiastic about them. Fifteen of the P-36s have already been lost in combat and, in- cidentally, have destroyed approximately 22 Messerschmidts. It - 5 - It is vital at the present time for the French to have replacements for the unit of 200 P-36s which they got to France just before the war began. The French are desperately anxious to buy more P-36s at once, and would be glad to buy every P-36 that can be produced in the United States between now and December 1940. I do not know the point of view of our army on the P-36s at the present time; but I remember that last January when we were discussing the question of this plane, our army already regarded it as slightly antique, and was especially anxious to get the P-40. If this still remains the point of view of our army, and es- pecially if our army has its nose more in the air than last January with regard to the P-36, it occurs to me that there might be a method entirely legal and not offensive to our army by which the production of P-36 planes could be released for purchase by the French. Is it not possible and desirable for our army to declare that since it has a model - the P-40 - far superior to the P-36, it is no longer interested in the P-36 production? I - 6 - I make this suggestion with full knowledge that I am entirely ignorant with regard to the views of our army at this moment. If there is anything to be done in this sense, you will know, and I am certain that you will do it. There is another enormous hole in the French defense against the German bombardment planes. The French have practically no modern "projectors", that is to say, search-lights for use against German bombardment planes that arrive at night. The French search-lights are too slow in action to follow the modern bombing planes and there is an intense fear here that night bombing of Paris and other vital centers may be most terrible. As you know, the only two manufacturers of search- lights of this nature in the United States are General Electric and Sperry. The French have approached these two corporations and asked urgently for deliveries. They have been told that deliveries by these companies have been so fully pre-empted by our own army that the com- bined production which can be sold to the French will be 9 search-lights in February of next year; 15 in March, and 30 in April. What will be left of Paris and other French - 7 - French towns by that time remains to be seen. I do not know whether or not there is any method of increasing the production of these search-lights or of releasing some of the present production to the French. Will you have this looked into? It may be vital. My own view of the future is the following: France and England will not accept the "peace ultimatum" that Germany is contemplating. It may indeed never be launched. Germany then will attack France with all the force that she possesses or can acquire from the Soviet Union and Italy. The attack against France may be successful. I do not believe that it will be. If American production of airplane motors and bodies can be trebled in eight months, dominance in the air should be in the hands of the French and British by August or September of next year. This dominance could be increased greatly by the spring of 1941, and at that time France and England might hope to defeat Germany. Germany's obvious avenue of escape then would be to go Bolshevik and summon the Soviet armies. If French and - 8 - and British dominance in the air should be sufficient at that time, the Soviet Union would not dare to march and France and England could impose a peace that would prevent the destruction of everything civilized on the continent of Europe by the Bolsheviks. It is clear that the small nations of the world -- and that includes every nation as small or smaller than Poland -- will no longer be able to exist unless at the end of this war there can be established such a dominance in the air of the United States, England and France that the small nations can be protected without vast losses of infantrymen. The productive capacity of France and England in airplanes is too small to achieve such dominance. The future, therefore, will depend on the production of an overwhelming number of planes in the United States. I realize that France and England may be defeated and destroyed before our American production can be raised to a sufficient point to save them, but I hope that will not be. I am certain that there is no single problem con- fronting you at the moment which is more important than the - 9 - the problem of increasing our production of motors and planes. I think that the French and British will have sense enough to be ready to pay cash for the extension of existing facilities for production in the United States and for the purchase of all the production of those increased facilities, but it is obvious that such an increase in production can be carried out only with the fullest cooperation of our government and it is also obvious that such cooperation will depend entirely on yourself in the first instance. I am sending this letter to you by special courier on the CLIPPER, and I hope that it will reach you in less than a week. If you have any comment or suggestions to make, will you please send me back a word by the same route. The question of the P-36s is so urgent that if you see a way to get deliveries of any number of these machines however small for the French -- even a dozen per month -- I hope you will send me a telegram con- taining just one word, "Favorable". In that case, I could have Colonel Jacquin phone immediately to Miss Le Hand - 10 - Le Hand, who could put him in touch either with yourself or any one you might designate. Both Daladier and Guy La Chambre assure me that he is a man of the utmost diseretion. We are expecting the bombs to begin falling on this house in about a week; but nobody either here or anywhere else in France is disturbed by the prospect. This people remains an example of what a nation should be when faced by the ultimate realities. Love and good luck. Bill October 1st Dear Sir Edward, This is a hasty note written quickly before leaving for Paris. I am entructing it to Pleven who will bring it to you and be at your disposal to comment on any part which I am afraid might be obscure in view of the rush in which this letter is dictated. I am attempting only to cover the various points which we discussed and to outline suggestions for the solution of some of the problems which will face our two countries; some of these problems have been met during the last war and were solved by the organization which was created at the end of 1917, while some others are new and might require original solutions. In the main, the ideas and organization I have discussed with you and the various British Ministries to whom you were good enough to introduce me, are nothing else than the very ideas and organization which finally, after three years of conflict, the Allies had to recognize as essential, and were successfully tested. As regards the organization, there should be established for each main category of needs an Anglo-French Council and corresponding Permanent Executive Committee. The following Councils and Committees could be immediately created: Anglo-French Council of Armaments - Permanent Executive Committee of Armaments, " " " " Aviation - Permanent Executive Committee of Aviation, " " " " Food - Permanent Executive Committee of Food, " If " " Maritime Transports Permanent Executive Committee of Sea Transports. 2. The requirements of certain raw materials, such as: coal, oil, timber, are likely to be so important that it might be well justified to have special Executives dealing exclusively with these products. Also certain groups of supplies, such as for example wheat, sugar, etc., which are grouped under the heading of Food may require special Executives such as wheat, sugar, etc. This can be worked out as and when necessary. Such an organization should necessarily be in close touch with the Economic Warfare organization, as it is clear that the programmes of purchases of the Executive Committee will be very often influenced by the necessities of Economic Warfare, while the existence of the Committees and of their joint pur- chasing organizations will in many cases assist the action of the Economic Warfare. On the model of what was created in the last war, the Councils could be composed of the respective English and French Ministers and would deal only with questions of broad policy, and would issue general directions to their Permanent Executive Committees. The Permanent Executive Committess would be constitu- ted by a few technicians of both countries; their duty would be: a) to establish and keep an inventory of the resources and requirements of both countries, b) to secure the best utilization in the common interest of the resources of the two countries in raw material, means of production, etc., c) on the basis of the national programmes communicated to them by their respective national Administrations, to formulate the joint allied import programmes, d) to organize the purchases to be made in common abroad through single purchasing agencies, 3. e) to follow the execution of these programmes. The principle of purchases being made for joint account through single agents in the various foreign countries seems to be of paramount importance, but probably nowhere will prove more essential than in the United States. In this connec- tion you will remember the explanations I have given you about the precautions to observe and the methods to follow when France and England will be able to purchase war material in the United States, particularly aviation material. In many countries the establishment of joint purchases might also lead to the joint purchasing organization becoming the agent of neutral countries for their own purchases, with the result that the allied purchasing organization would thus become the principal factor in many markets and, in certain cases, the only purchaser of certain products. Such a situation would give the Allies among other advan- tages a great power in influencing prices and conditions of credit. Distinct from the executives which deal with the programmes of needs, the task of the shipping Council and Executive would be to arrange for the transportation of the supplies to be imported under the joint programmes. So as to coordinate the work of the various Councils and Committees, there might be a small Economic War Council which might be constituted by a member of the British Government and one of the French Government. To this Council, which would meet when needed, would be referred problems such as those which would arise if a shortage of maritime transport facilities or of means of foreign exchange made it necessary to curtail the joint programmes or to establish priorities 4. between them. This Council would keep the Supreme Council informed and would refer to the latter questions of policy for which a decision of the Supreme Council might be necessary. As said above, the above shheme is simply an adapta- tion or an extension to present circumstances of the organiza- tion which, under the pressure of difficulties and after consid- erable waste of time, our two countries had to establish about the end of 1917. Our aim to-day is to tackle the problems at once and before they are forced on us by the pressure of events. In the execution of the programs, it is likely that the main difficulties will arise in connection with shipping and finance. As to shipping, we have the experience of the last war to guide us. It is obvious that France will be short of shipping and therefore that a certain balance will have to beprovided for her imports. This problem might not become so acute in this war as it was in 1914-1918, since the Admiralty, giving us the lead by applying immediately the methods adapted at the end of 1917, appears optimistic as to the limited scope of submarine destruction. Nevertheless there will be a shortage. The difficulty in the last war was solved, after three years of disorderly negotiations and much trouble, by an agreement made in November 1917, and it would greatly simplify everything if we reverted to the principles then adopted. As to finance, the difficulty is going to be the limit- ed resources of gold and foreign exchange of our two countries. Indeed the problem of financing foreign imports will be an impor- tant one which never existed to a similar extent in 1914-1918 5. because we could draw on the financial resources of the U.S.A. both before 1917 and after. This question is evidently much more complex than any of the others which the allied organization will be called upon to deal with. I will take advantage of my visit to Paris to take up this matter with Mr. Paul Reynaud, but already: I suggest you give thought to the possibility of the two Governments asking the two Treasuries to consider the best methods of securing aldo in the financial field the coordination of efforts of the two countries in a manner which will permit the working of the Allied organization in relation to finance. I will inform Mr. Daladier of the various conversations that I have had with you and the various British Ministries of generally our common understanding of the problems. I expect to be back before the end of the week and I hope then to be in a position to work out with you a common plan of action, which could then be submitted to our two Govern- ments for their approval. I am grateful for the assistance which you have so kindly given me. With kind regards, believe me, Yours sincerely, d Octobe i Ferrier 100 Douglas 215 g&n : : Février : : : : : Total : Mars Avril Mai Juin Juillet Aout Total : : : : Septembre Octobre Novembre : Décembre Fin Mai :Mai- Décembre: : : : : : : : : : 20 : : Curtiss R3 6 & 12 : so. 46 : no 48 : : 4.6 : so 0049 80 33 # @ 26 : : 69 : 60+ = 60+ : & : w 205 1 $20 : : : : : H.75 9 : 9 : 9 11 : 18 23 : 30 : : 10.0 14 0 : : : : : : # 1 = : = : : 55 55 55 : I65 : 385 : 55 Glenn # 55 : 55 # 55 = 55 : 55 55 : : : " = : : 1 1 = : = : : : = : Martin = : 1 oh : : : 3d 60 : 60 60 : 1 = : 20 10 : 50 : 50 1 60 : 60 : : : # : : # : 1 : 1 : # : : Douglas : # + 450° : : : : 50 4 : 1 : : : 400 : : # : : : où : 1 1 NOTE au sujet des Commandes actuellement passées en AMERIQUE. Les commandes actuellement conclues par le Colonel JACQUIN comprennent 530 appareils CURTISS P.36. Les négociations sont en cours pour 550 appareils GLEEN Curber MARTIN et 450 appareils DOUGLAS et IOO appareils/P.40. En outre, les moteurs nécessaires pour ces appareils, envi- ron un millier de moteurs PRATT & WIDNEY destinés à des appareils français est en cours de livraison. Enfin, la mission JACQUIN est prêt de conclure l'achat de I.440 moteurs CYCLONE double rangée, destinés à équiper des ap- pareils français. DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIVISION OF COMMUNICATIONS AND RECORDS From: Paris I Number 2487 Dated: 10-17-10 Code: D Caption: Personal and Secret for the President This telegram has been distributed to: and S u Please advise the Division of Com- munications and Records if further dis- tribution should be made. Mappox DEST repm: support IPSF, Safe, Bullitt] 7° FS This telegram must bE Paris closely paraphrased bE- fore being comm nicated Dated October 17, 1939 to anyone. (D) REC'd 7:15 a.m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH 2487, October 17, 10 a.m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT. With reference to Enclosure No. 1 to my letter of October 4, 1939, I now have the text of the agreement which Monnet concluded in London for the coordination of French- British Economic activities during the war covering ship- ping, air production and supply raw materials and muni- tions, oil and food. Monnet was informed by the British Government that you had indicated to Lothian that you considered a British mission preferable to a purchasing corporation. The question will bE decided in Paris tonight or tomorrow. BECAUSE of the pooling of resources by the French and British Governments achieved agreement the French Govern- mEnt is inclined to believe that it would bE preferable to make purchases in the United States through a single joint Franco-British mission. My opinion is that a joint Franco-British mission would bE the most Efficient mechanism. Question ONE. FS 2-No. 2487, October 17, 10 a.m. from Paris. Question one. Do you agree? I assume from Morgenthau's talk with St. Quentin on September 13, 1939, that such a joint mission would bE able to find the same sort of cooperation in Washington that was accorded last winter to Monnet. Question two. Is this assumption correct? HPD BULLITT [PSF, Safe Bullitt] JT This telegram must bE PARIS closely paraphrased be- fore bEing communicated Dated May 14, 1940 to anyone. (D) Rec'd 3:53 p.m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. RUSH 657, May 14, 7 p.m. SECRET AND PERSONAL FOR TIE PRESIDENT. The GErmans have launched the greatest attack of modern times on the French army from the point where the Maginot line Ends at Montmedy northwastward to the line Sedan Givet Dinant Namur. They have put in four armored divisions and many other troops and an overwhelming number is of tanks and airplanes. This/as you know, the shortest road to Paris. The BElgians have been obliged to fall back to the line of Namur Louvain Malines Antwerp. Dutch resistance has bEEn almost crushed. At this moment news has reached the French general staff that certain dispositions of airplanes and troops indicate that Mussolini is contemplating making a direct attack on France and that hE has adjourned his attack on Yugoslavia. There REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED LONE -2- #657, May 14, 7 p.m., from Paris There are literally no French planes available to face an Italian attack and the Italian aviation would bE able to bomb southern and southwestern France at will. (END SECTION ONE) BULLITT CSB JT This telegram must bE PARIS closely paraphrased bE- fore bEing communicated Dated May 14, 1940 to anyone. (D) Rec'd 5:03 p.m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. RUSH 657, May 14, 7 p.m. (SECTION TWO) I have talked with Eyewitnesses of the German bombings in BElgium and Luxemburg, including the Archduke Otto and BECH, Foreign Minister of Luxemburg. NEither men, women, nor children are bEing spared and the tales of horror pass bEliEf. No one in Paris doubts that Mussolini is contemplating pleasurably the infliction of similar atrocities. Informa- tion reaching the French Foreign Office today which LEgEr has just given ME indicates moreover that the Italians are trying to provoke incidents which will give them an EXCUSE for attacking France. ThE Italian colony in Tunis has become most provocative and insults to French and English in Italy continue. BULLITT NPL LONE per DEPARTMENT OF STATE 1 THE SECRETARY 5/14/40 657 - Paris. -sec. 3. THIS TELEGRAM IS NOT YET COMPLETE. 1 - FURTHER SECTIONS WILL BE DELIVERED WHEN AVAILABLE. Sections 1,and2 were delivered at 6:30 P.M, than JHIS IB THE SECU 'h PAP PARIS This tElEgram must bE closely paraphrased bE- Dated May 14, 1940 fore bEing communicated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 5:25 p.m. SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH 657, May 14, 7 p.m. (SECTION THREE). Nearly EVEry member of the French Government and many French senators have appealed to me today to ask you to make a final effort to keep Italy from Entering the war as Germany's ally. Telegrams from the French Ambassador in Rome today report that the Italian press is filled with praise of the American Government and its friendly gesture in Eliminating certain duties on Italian goods. Poncet reports that this is being interpreted to mEan that the Government of the United States approves of Mussolini's present policies. Since you have handed Mussolini A carrot of this variety I trust that you have not forgotten THE club. The suggestions that have bEEn made to me are like following: (OnE) That the most powerful weapon to Employ against Mussolini would bE a statement by the Pope based on purely spiritual grounds denouncing the barbarities which Germany has inflicted on the Netherlands, BElgium and Luxemburg. BULLITT NPL to strong TOLE PEIN GJOB cToBeTa une HAS PAP PARIS This tElEgram must bE closely paraphrased be- Dated May 14, 1940 fore bEing communicated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 6:55 p.m. SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH 657, May 14, 7 p.m. (SECTION FOUR) I have bEEn requested by numerous members of the French Government to ask you to USE all the influence you have to persuade the Pope to make such a declaration. It is pointed out that his telegrams to the sovereigns of the Netherlands, BElgium and Luxemburg were in the nature of political acts whereas what is needed is a declaration on the acclesiastical and spiritual plane which centuries ago would have taken the form of Excommunication of Hitler and Germany. Two. SEVERAL members of the French Government and the Argentine Ambassador have suggested to ME that if all the countries of Latin America should join in denouncing the invasion of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg, and if this denunciation should bE fully supported by you the vf- fect in Italy would bE important. BULLITT WWC geonepond SOLE perus GJOSEJA be 1178 FATED of PAP PARIS This telegram must bE closely paraphrased be- Dated May 14, 1940 fore bEing com unicated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 8:05 p.m. SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH 657, May 14, 7 p.m. (SECTION TIVE) (Three) It has bEEn suggested to me by many persons that you might let Mussolini know privately that in CASE hE should go to was at this time as Hitler's ally you would do everything in your power to cut off from Italy all im- migrant remittances and other funds which Italy ordinarily receives from the United States. (Four) All the members of the government including Reynaud, the Senators, and others with whom I have talked today have implored mE to obtain more plants immediately and have become EXCEEDINGLY depressed when I Explained that so far as I knew no plants were available. You vill have thought of other possible methods of influencing Mussolini and I do not wish to make this tele- gram any longer but I must End it by saying the unless action is immediate it will come too late and that no one in France, general or statesman, believes that France can re- sist an attack by Italy at this time when EVEry available man 3000 of goat 945 PAP -2- 657, May 14 7 p.m. (SECTION FIVE) from Paris man in the French army is needed to stem the German advance through BElgium. (END OF MESSAGE) BULLITT NPL Pres. [PSF, Safe, Bullitt] PAP PARIS This telegram must bE closely paraphrased bE- Dated May 14, 1940 fore being communicated to anyone. (D) REC'd 6:55 p.m. SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH 659, May 14, 7 p.m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT: I received from Rome at 7 o'clock this Evening Ambassador Phillips' rush 341, May 14, noon. I fElt that it was my duty to communicate the informa- tion it contained immediately to the Prime Minister. HE was in a meeting of the War Cabinet but came out and I communicated the information to him at 7:10 p.m. HE said that the British Ambassador in Paris had just given him the same nEWS. HE Expressed the opinion that Italy certainly would Enter the var on the side of Germany and might EVEN attack France tonight. I asked where hE EXPECTED the attack. HE said that it might come in Tunis or might bE begun by bombardments of the Riviera and Marseille by Italian plants. The Prime Minister went on the say that hE felt Mussolini had decided to act at this moment because of the appalling REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED PAP -2- 659, May 14, 7 p.m. from Paris appalling success which the German army had had in the sector Nontmedy-Sedan. HE said that the GErmans had attacked with colossal tanks and at the same time with a totally overwhelming mass of bombardment planes and pursuit planes. (END SECTION ONE) BULLITT WWC PAP PARIS This tElEgram must bE closely paraphrased be- Dated May 14, 1940 fore being communicated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 6:40 p.m. SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH. 659, May 14, 7 p.m. (SECTION TWO) ThE German tanks had crossed the River MEUSE as if it did not Exist. They had run through the French anti-tank defenses which consisted of railroad rails sunk deep in concrete and protruding from ground as if the rails were straw. They had crossed the anti-tank traps and had complete- ly demolished the concrete fortifications by which the Maginot Line had been Extended in that region since the beginning of the war. REynaud then said "at this moment there is nothing between those German tanks and Paris". HE stated that the French were attempting a counter attack to cut off the raids made by this German tank ad- vance but hE did not know what hope of success remained. Even without the participation of Italy, France faced one of the gravest and most terrible moments in her history. With the participation of Italy the result would bE tragic not only for France and England but for EVEry country in the world including the United States. BULLITT USTO PAP PARIS This tElEgram must bE closely paraphrased bE- Dated May 14, 1940 fore bEing communicated to anyone (D) Rec'd 6:43 p.m. SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH 659, May 14, 7 p.m. (SECTION THREE) WE were at one of the most terrible moments in human history. France would fight on but the French soldiers, brave as they were, could not stand against simultaneous attacks by tanks on the ground and bombs and machine gun bullets from the air. Reynaud then implored mE to obtain additional aeroplanes from the United States. I told him I feared there were none to bE had. HE then said that the war with Italy would involve Italian submarine attacks on all shipping in the Mediterransan. The British and French had an inadequate number of destroyers. HE knew that the United States had a large number of old destroyers which could bE used Effectively against sub- marines. HE implored mE if possible to have the Government of the United States declare these destroyers to bE without military value and SEll them to the French and British Governments. BULLITT WC PAP PARIS This telegram must bE closely paraphrased be- Dated May 14, 1940 fore bEing communicated to anyonE. (D) Rec'd 8:10 p.m. SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH 659, May 14, 7 p.m. (SECTION FOUR) HE then went on to say that hE had just talked with the British Prime Minister on the tElEphonE. The British had been obsessed by thE idea that the seizure of Belgium and the Netherlands was merely a preparation for air attacks on England. HE had convinced Churchill at last that the real objective of the German army was the destruction of the French army and Churchill had agreed to send all the British plants available to assist the French in the Montmedy Sedan sector. Reynaud again referred to the overwhelming Effect of the attack of heavy tanks combined with incessant bombing from the air. In conclusion hE thanked mE with genuine gratitude for having given him the information I had communicated and said once more that at this moment WE faced the Enclavement not only of Europe and of Africa, but also the rest of the world by a barbarism which would crush twenty centuries of Christian civilization. (END OF MESSAGE) BULLITT NPL PSF Safe File Bullitt TELEGRAM RECEIVED NPL This telegram must bE closely paraphrased be- FROM PARIS fore being communicated to anyone (D) Dated May 16, 1940 Rec'd 5:05 p.m. SECRETARY OF STATE, WASHINGTON. REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED 706, May 16, 6 p.m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT. I should like to speak what follows into your most pricate Ear at the White HOUSE and to have no record of it. It is the sort of hypothesis that WE often dis- cuss but never put on paper. However, I cannot talk with you so here goes. It seems obvious that unless God grants a miracle as at the time of the battle of the Marne, the French army will bE crushed utterly. The British, who have not yet sent to France the quantities of pursuit planes that they have in England to protect their factories, (they have Exactly two squadrons in France) are already begin- ning to bE critical and contemptuous of the French. That was the tone of the British Ambassador when hE spoke to ME this morning. I think that it may possibly bE of the utmost 1m- portance for the future of the United States that you should have in mind the hypothesis that, in order to Escape from the ultimate consequencedof absolute defeat, 2 706 May 16, 6 p.m. from Paris the British may install a government of Oswald Mosley and the union of British fascists which would cooperate fully with Hitler. That would mean that the British navy would bE against us. I think that, perhaps by way of a conversation with Mackenzie King or some direct arrangement with the officers of the British fleet, you ought to try to make certain that in case the war goes as badly as it may, the British fleet would base itself on Canada for the defense of the dominion which might become the refuge of the British crown. NPL BULLITT SECRET SEGRET FROM: STATE DEPARTMENT 190530CR1 19 MAY 1940 TO : \PRESIDENT U.S. VIA : NAVAL RADIO WASHINGTON AMBASSADOR BULLITT SAYS REGARDING A CONVERSATION HE HAD LAST NIGHT WITH PREMIER REYNAUD THAT THE PREMIER FEELS THAT THE SITUATION IS EXTREM- LY ***** SERIOUS. GERMAN DRIVE IS DIRECTED TOWARDS CHANNEL PORTS TO INT- ERCEPT FRENCH TROOPS IN BELGIUM AND TO SECURE BASES FOR ATTACKS ON GREAT BRITAN . IF GERMANY IS SUCCESSFUL ,BECAUSE OF HER GREATER IMMEDIATE STRENGTH AND GAINS THESE OBJECTIVES ,THE ALLIES MIGHT BE BEATEN INSIDE OF SIXTY , DAYS. PREMIER REYNAUD WANTS THE PRESIDENT TO MAKE A DECLARATION THAT THIS COUNTRY'S INTERSTS WILL NOT ALLOW IT TO PERMIT THE ALLIES TO BE DEFEATED. BULLITT TOLD HIM THAT SUCH A DECLARATION WOULD HAVE NO GREAT VALUE BECAUSE OF CONGRESS. REYNAUD SAID HE COULD NOT UNDERSTAND ATTITUDE OF CONGRESS WHEN ULTIMATE DEFEAT OF U.S. IS AT STAKE. BULLITT REAFFIRMED THAT PUBLIC OPINION IN AMERICA IS NOT READY FOR SUCH A STEP. REYNAUD RE- PLIED THAT IT AT LEAST WOULD ENCOURAGE ALLIES AND DISCOURAGE THE ENEMIES AMBASSADOR BULLITT IS TRANSMITTING REQUEST REQUEST FOR PREMIER WHO WANTS AN EARLY REPLY TO HIS PLEA. AMBASSADOR AGREES WITH ESTIMATE OF GRAVITY OF SITUATION BUT DOESNT BELIEVE SUCH A STATEMENT WOULD HAVE THE DESIRED EFFECT. DISTRIBUTION PRESIDENT ACTION REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED NAVAID FILE SEGRET SECRET SECRET [PSF, Safe, Bullitt] REB GRAY Paris Dated May 20, 1940 Rec'd 2:20 p. m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH 772, May 20, 5 p. m. (SECTION ONE) As I said to the President by telephone this afternoon at four o'clock there are on the roads of France today moving southwastward from three to five millions refugees. So little can bE done to hElp them, that French women and children literally are dying of starvation on the roads. Whenever possible the German aviators bomb these columns of refugees and machine gun them. Last night by chance I met the wife of the Minister of Blockade Madame Georges Monnet who had bEEN at Soissons attempting to Evacuate small children. They were walking on the road toward Paris since they had nomeans of transportation and she was trying to keep them singing to hElp their little feet to move. Two German aeroplanes cameldown and machine gunned them and the road was filled with little bodies. The same story I have from fifty witnesses French and American BULLITT CSB REB GRAY Paris Dated May 20, 1940 REC'd 3:06 p. m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH 772, May 20, 5 p. m. (SECTION TWO) For Example, Mr. Barton Hall succeeded in getting through to Paris last night from Compiagne. HE said that although the train service is running the Germans appEar to bE well informed of the departure of EVERY train for Paris and immediately the train leaves the station it is subjected to attack. Other means of transportation no longer Exist and the streets of Compiagne are filled with dead horses and human corpses. According to Mr. Hall no one in Compiegne EXPECTED that town to bE subjected to attack from air since it had bEEn transformed into a sanitary center and a large number of wounded had bEEn brought to its hospitals. The hospitals as well as all the rest of the city have been the object of almost continuous bombardment for the last 10 days. Chautemps REB -2- #772, From Paris, May 20, 5 p. m. (SECTION TWO) Chautemps, who is in charge of the terrible problem of handling the refugees, said to me today that hE Estimated that there WERE at least three million old men, women and children on the roads. HE could not possibly find means to care for them. The most terrible thing was that in France, French women and children were dying of starvation. HE implored me to try to obtain immediate hElp. BULLITT CSB FS GRAY Paris Dated May 20,1940 Rec'd 1:55 p.m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. RUSH 772, May 20, 5 p.m. (SECTION THREE). I talked with Wayne Taylor, representative of the REd Cross in Paris, and hE stated that what I have re- ported above did not give one-tenth of the truth. The barbarities of the Germans and the sufferings of the French were tEn times more horrible. HE Estimated that there were at least five million persons on the road and that a vast number of these would die of starvation and illness unless they could bE cared for by American hElp. I asked you over the telephone to try to get Congress to vote today twenty million dollars for the succor of these refugees. In the opinion of Wayne Taylor this sum would not bE sufficient. HE believes that whatever should bE given could bE Expended most efficiently through the French RED Cross. It should bE Expended for food, clothing, medicines and beds which, might be be furnished in kind from the United States. I FS 2-No, 772, May 20, 5 p.m. from Paris (SECTION THREE) I implore you to attempt to obtain the VOTE from Congress today. It is our duty to ourselves and to humanity to try to save as many lives as WE can save from the onslaughts of barbarism. (END OF MESSAGE). CSB BULLITT JT PLAIN PARIS Dated May 20, 1940 Rec'd 3:46 p.m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. 778, twentisth. I have just received a letter from Chautemps, Vice Prime Minister, who is in charge of the problem of rEfu- gEES, giving a description of the suffering of the French civilian refugees in the course of which hE Estimates that three million refugees are now on the roads. HE concludes by the statement "Many among them are women and children wounded by the EnEmy machine guns. In one little village which is not a military objective and is known only for the splendor of its historical monuments, a hospital containing twelve hundred beds was SET up at the beginning of the war. Yesterday that hospital alone took in 3200 wounded civilians of whom two-thirds had to remain standing because there were no bEds for them and no room for them to lie down. This pathetic horde because of the lack of transport can receive less than the minimum of food necessary to sustain life. BULLITT CSB Hold HSM Paris This telegram must bE closely paraphrased Dated May 22, 1940 before being communi- cated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 6:25 a. m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. 802, May 22, 10 a. m. Your 430, May 21, 7 p. m. Please inform Secretary Early that the description I telephoned is contained in my RUSH 772, May 20, 5 p.m., and in my 778, May 20. BULLITT RR [PSF, Safe, Bullit} MP This telegram must bE Paris closely paraphrased be- fore bEing communicated Dated May 22, 1940 ro anyone. (D) Rec'd 3:05 p. m. SECRETARY of State, Washington RUSH. 823, May 22, 6 p. m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT: Take the shortest line from 1914 angels to a shelled cathedral and remember taxicabs and hope. BULLITT HPD REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIVISION OF COMMUNICATIONS AND RECORDS From: Paris Number: 825 Dated: 5-23-9a Code: Dray Personal Caption: for the Prisident This telegram has been distributed to: & n Please advise the Division of Com- munications and Records if further dis- tribution should be made. 11 common IPSF, safe, Bullit] OR 26001 HSM GRAY Paris Dated May 23, 1940 REC'd 7:52 a, m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. 825, May 23, 9 a. m. PERSONAL FOR THE PRESIDENT. Aunt Bill Hooper (your cousin Elsie) arrived in Paris last night from the American Hospital in Etretat where orders were given to all civilians to Evacuate. ShE came by automobile with Dr. Fuller and her two nurses. For five hours they came through the stream of refugees from Belgium and northern France. Aunt Bill stated to me this morning that the scenes of weariness and hunger passed description. As far as the EYE could reach on EVEry road in EVERY direction were streams of old men, women and children moving without hElp. Aunt Bill asked mE on her b Ehalf to implore you to send ships instantly with food and medicines, pointing out quite rightly that the need is instant, immediate and terrible. (END SECTION ONE), BULLITT RR HSM GRAY Paris Dated May 23, 1940 Rec'd 7:02 a. m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. 825, May 23, 9 a. m. (SECTION TWO) WaynE Taylor told ME yesterday that you did not wish to introduce a bill in Congress until after the close of the RED Cross drive. I understand but I hope that this will not delay by one hour the sending of aid. Aunt Bill did not (repeat not) SEE any machine- gunning of these streams of refugees. Will you please inform her brother Charlie Perkins and other members of her family that she is in better health than for a long time and that she EXPECTS to leave by automobile for Biarritz today accompanied by Dr. Fuller and her two nurses. She asked mE to give you this personal message: "Please tEll Franklin that I myself have SEEN the need and nothing could bE more terrible." (END OF MESSAGE). BULLITT DDM PSF Safe the Bullitt JR This telegram must bE closely paraphrased bE- Paris fore bEing communicated to anyone. (D) Dated May 27, 1940 REc'd 8:15 a.m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH. 892, May 27, 11 a.m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT ONLY: Your 493, May 26, 4 p.m., requires handling in the most delicate possible manner at this moment, and cannot bE communicated in crude terms at a time when the determination is absolute to fight on land to the bitter End. I will have to present it as a desire on our part to bE of assistance if the worse comes to the worst. I shall do so with Extreme care. I trust that you have taken EVERY precaution to make certain that nothing crude COMES to Paris via London on this subject. BULLITT HPD REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED PSF Safe File Bullitt HSM Paris This telegram must bE closely paraphrased Dated May 28, 1940 before being communi- cated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 8:30 a. m. Secretary of State, Washington. REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED RUSH 912, May 28, 11 a. m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT. The BElgian Ambassador called on me this morning at 9:30 a completely broken man. HE said that the King's action in ordering the Entire BElgian army to surrender, without consulting Either GENERAL Gort or General Blanchard or informing the Belgian Government, was an act of dishonor without parallel in history. Since a King without honor was nothing, the King no longer Existed. The Prime Minister of BElgium would denounce the King's action this morning on the radio and would announce that it was illegal since such acts had to bE countersigned by the Prime Minister and would call on all BElgians to go on fighting. The BElgian Ambassador went on to say that hE had come to ask mE whether in view of the treachery and dis- honor of the King the invitation of the President to the Royal children still stood. (END SECTION ONE). BULLITT HPD HSM Paris This telegram must bE closely paraphrased Dated May 28, 1940 before bEing communi- cated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 7:28 a. m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. RUSH 912, May 28, 11 a. m. (SECTION TWO) I replied that I had of course had no communication with you on this subject; but that I fElt that you would not wish to visit the sins of the father on the children and that your invitation would stand. I went on to say that on the other hand several serious problems now arose. If the King had ordered his army to betray its Allies hE doubtless had done so after a previous agreement with the GErmans with regard to his personal life. The King might now bE on his way back to his Palace in Brussels and might desire to have his children join him and although hE had forfeited by his action of treason all rights as a King hE still had humane rights as a father. At this point the BElgian Ambassador interrupted me to say that yesterday Evening shortly before the news had arrived hsm -2- No. 912, May 28, 11 a.m. (Section 2) from Paris arrived of the King's order to his army to surrender hE had received a telegram from the King stating that hE was most grateful (*) and to mE and that hE desired his children to proceed immediately to Lisbon and to leave for the United States. BULLITT RR (*) apparent omission RSM Paris This telegram must bE closely paraphrased Dated May 28, 1940 before bEing communi- cated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 8:35 a. m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. RUSH 912, May 28, 11 a. m. (SECTION THREE) I said, however, that this telegram of the King's might WEll bE considered canceled by his subsequent action and that I believed that hE, the Ambassador, should con- sult the BELGIAN Prime Minister and the other members of the BElgian Government who are now in the BElgian Embassy in Paris with regard to the future plans of the Royal children. It might EVEN bE that the BElgian Government would desire to proclaim the Crown Prince King. In any EVENT after the BElgian Government should have decided what it considered WISE the BElgian Prime Minister accompanied by him, the Ambassador, should call on the French Prime Minister and should obtain the full assent of the French Government to future plans for the Royal children. BULLITT RR HSM Paris This telegram must bE closely paraphrased Dated May 28, 1940 before bEing communi- cated to anyone. (D) REC'd 7:30 a. m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. RUSH 912, May 28, 11 a. m. (SECTION FOUR) I added that I would take no action EXCEPT in full accord with the French Government and the BElgian Govern- ment and that I would desire to have written statements from both Governments before attempting to SET in motion any mechanism for the transfer of the Royal children to America. The BELGIAN Ambassador said that hE considered my advice was wise and that hE would consult the BElgian Prime Minister as previously SET forth. I added once more that it must bE clear that the American Government would have nothing whatsoever to do with regard to the decision to bE made as to the Royal children. My part would bE if you should consent to attEmpt to arrange a mechanism by which the mutual decision of the French and Belgian Governments could bE carried out. (END MESSAGE). BULLITT HSM 743t PSF Safe Bullitt File JT This telegram must bE PARIS closely paraphrasedbe- fore being communicated Dated May 28, 1940 to anyone. (D) REc'd 7:17 p.m. Secretary of State, Washington. 929, May 28, 10 p.m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT. Spaak, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Belgium, asked to SEE me this Evening and I received him at 7 o'clock. HE said that hE wished to thank me for thE state- ments that I had made this morning to the Belgian Ambassador with regard to the Royal children. (SEE telegram No. 912 of May 28, 11 a.m.). HE went on to say that since the King had committed an act which dishonored not only himself but also the Entire BElgian nation from which the honor of BElgium could not recover for a hundred yEars it was impossible for anyone to EXPECT you to receive the Royal children at the request of a man whose name would go down in history as the synonym of dishonor. It was his present opinion and that of the Belgian Government that you should not bE asked to receive the Royal children. They should bE kept in France in the horrible REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED -2- #929? May 28, 10 p.m., from Paris horrible and remote chateau where they are now lodged. HE trusted that if you should receive a further appeal from the traitorous King LEopold you would ignore it. (END SECTION ONE) BULLITT HPD JT This telegram must bE PARIS closely paraphrased be- fore being communicated Dated May 28, 1940 to anyonE (D) REC'd 7:22 p.m. Secretary pf State, Washington. 929, May 28, 10 p.m. (SECTION TWO) Since this is the position of the Belgian Govern- ment the question of the opinion of the French Government does not rise and the children will remain in France. In discussing the action of the King, Spaak said that since the beginning of the war thE BELGIAN Ministers had been shocked to perceive on many occasions that thE King had no sense of loyalty whatsoever to his Allies. They had tried to impress on him the fact that since hE had appealed to the British and French for aid, hE was obliged to give EVERY hElp in his power to the French and British. HE had said if the Germans asked him to do anything against the French and British hE would abdi- cate at once. The fact was that hE had committed the most terrible act of treachery and a crime against the French and British and apparently was so without moral sense that hE did not realize the depth of his infamy. (END MESSAGE) BULLITT HPD [Inay 31, 1940 Bullitt: I men sorry your kip referring To The Attantic that breanse anch Then sminks mi of mother Wine who math rabbit I there give your a fist The disposition of aur ships butit your Kains it your would not continue fantroirs Incidentally further string stips were Then yrstephing by me in regard W The Malitersanian Threet Rurnish [PSF, Safe, Bullitt] FS This telegram must bE Paris closely paraphrased bE- fore being communicated Dated May 31, 1940 to anyone. (D) REc'd 6:42 a.m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH 962, May 31, noon (SECTION ONE) STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL FOR THE PRESIDENT AND THE SECRETARY. Your 534, May 30, 3 p.m. The French Government is fully aware of the vitally useful part that our fleet is playing in the Pacific. Reynaud in appealing to me to request you to send the Atlantic fleet to the Mediterrantan said "WE are most grateful for the presence of your fleet in the Pacific. Without firing a shot it is keeping the war from spreading to the French and British Empires in the Far East. WE hope it will stay there. Your Atlantic fleet can play exactly the same role in the Mediterran- Ean". RR BULLITT REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED JR This telegram must bE closely paraphrased bE- Paris fore bEing communicated to anyone. (D) Dated May 31, 1940 REc'd 7:25 a.m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH. 962, May 31, noon. (SECTION Two) I bELiEVE that if WE had sEnt the Atlantic fleet on a visit Either to Greece or Tangier when first I made the recommEndation more than two WEEKS ago Mussolini would not have dared to treat pressure of our Government to keep him out of war in the manner that hE has. I gather from your telegram under reference that you now consider inevitable the Entrance of Italy into the war. I feel sure that you realize the consequences that a stab in the back by Italy at this moment may have for France and England as well as the consequences it may have later this year for South America and the United States. I trust that no member of the American Government is still charishing in the words of Reynaud "fatuous and naive illusions as to the virtues of Mussolini" and that the moment hE stabs you will take EVEry Economic and financial measure that constructive imagination can devise to weaken Italy. RR BULLITT JR This telegram must bE closely paraphrased DE- Paris fore being communicated to anyone. (D) Dated May 31, 1940 REC'd 6:45 a.m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH. 962, May 31, noon (SECTION THREE). To believe that the Government of the United States will bE able EVE? to cooperate with Mussolini is as dangerous to the future of America as would have been the belief that our Government could cooperate with Al Capone. The latest information of the French Goverrnment indicates that Mussolini will make war on France on June 4. I am sure you realize the bitterness that such a blow will produce. May I inform the French Government when stating--as I must in view of your telegram under reference--that there is no hope whatsoever the Atlantic fleet will come to Tangier, that the moment Mussolini strikes Economic and financial measures will bE taken at once by our Government to make the lot of the aggressor hard? Anything -2- #962, May 31, noon (SECTION THREE) from Paris. Anything you can do now will leave Mussolini less strength with which to cooperate with Hitler in attacking the Americas. At this moment words are not Enough. IndEEd unaccompanied by acts they are rather sickening. (END MESSAGE) BULLITT RR NAVY DEPARTMENT PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE TO AVOID PAYMENT OF postage, $300 OFFICE OF CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS WASHINGTON, D.C. X OFFICIAL BUSINESS General Edwin M. Watson PERSONAL and CONFIDENTIAL Safe File: Bullitt [PSF, Safe, Bullit] yes. JT GRAY PARIS Dated June 10, 1940 Rec'd 10:13 p.m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH 1132, June 10, 6 p.m. PERSONAL FOR THE PRESIDENT I have just received from Paul Reynaud, President of the Council of Ministers, the following message to you. HE telephoned to me and asked me to transmit it immediately since his own code clarks could not possibly do the work. This is the full text of the m ESSAGE referred to in my telegram sarlier today. "Mr. President: I wish first to Express to you my gratitude for the generous aid that you have decided to give to us in aviation and armament. For six days and six nights our divisions have bEEn fighting without one hour of rest against an army which has a crushing superiority in numbers and material. Today the EnEmy is almost at the gates of Paris. WE shall fight in front of Paris; WE shall fight behind Paris; WE shall close ourselves in one of our provinces -2- #1132, June 10, 6 p.m., from Paris provinces to fight and if WE should bE driven out of it WE shall Establish ourselves in North Africa to continue the fight and if necessary in our American possessions, (END SECTION ONE) BULLITT NPL EG GRAY Paris Dated June 10, 1940 Rec'd 3:05 p.m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH 1132, June 10, 6 p.m. (SECTION TWO) A portion of the government has already left Paris. I am making ready to leave for the front. That will bE to intensify the struggle with all the forces which WE still have and not to abandon the struggle. May I ask you, Mr. President, to Explain all this yourself to your people to all the citizens of the United States saying to them that WE are determined to sacrifice ourselves in the struggle that WE are carrying on for all free men. This very hour another dictatorship has stabbed France in the back. Another frontier is threatened. A naval war will begin. You have replied generously to the appeal which I made to you a few days ago across the Atlantic. Today this 10th of June 1940 it is my duty to ask you for new and EVEN larger assistance. BULLITT RR PAP GRAY PARIS Dated June 10, 1940 Rec'd 3:10 SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH 1132, June 10, 6 p.m. (SECTION THREE) At the same time that you. Explain this situation to the men and women ofAmerica, I beseech you to declare pub- licly that the United S,ates will give thE Allies aid and material support by all means "short of an expeditionary force". I DESEECH you to do this before it is too late. I know the gravity of such a gesture. Its very gravity de- mands that it should not bE made too late. You said to us yourself on the 5th of October 1037: "I am compelled and you are compelled to look ahead. ThE peace, the freedom and the security of 90% of the population of the world is bEing jeopardized by the remaining 10% who are threatEning a breakdown of all international order and law. BULLITT CSB CK GRAY Paris Dated June 10, 1940 Rec'd 11:30 p.m. SECRETARY of State Washington RUSH 1132, June 10, 6 p.m. (SECTION FOUR) Surely the 90% who want to live in pΓace under law and in accordance with moral standards that have received almost trusty acceptance through the centuries, can and must find some way to make their will prevail, The hour has now come for these. Paul Reynaud". I SEE no reason why you should not make public this message from REynaud. HE would bE only too happy if you should make it public. BULLITT EMB PSF Safe File Bullitt JT GRAY PARIS Dated June 11, 1940 Rec'd 4:40 p.m. SECRETARY of State, Washington. 1154, June 11, 6 p.m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT. Samuel Wiley, our Consul at LE Havre, who reached Paris after having bEEn bombed and machine gunned heavily while crossing the SEinE has given me a description which is terrible of the sufferings of the refugees from the upper SEine district who are pouring southwastward. I implore you Either to take the relief of these refugees out of the hands of the REd Cross or to put an admiral instantly in charge of the relief with full authority to act under the REd Cross as suggested in my previous telegram transmitted on this subject today. I sent you that telegram after lunching with Wayne Taylor and Dean Jay, both of whom feel as I do that the REd Cross has not acted with Either the speed or the afficiency that must bE demanded of EVERY organization today. REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED Moreover, NPL -2- #1154, June 11, 6 p.m., from Paris Moreover, they are both as shocked as I am that the RED Cross has made no arrangements to send other ships immediately to follow the MCKEESPORT. WE must have two ships a WEEK immediately Each one carry- ing a million dollars worth of supplies. BULLITT HPD PSF Safe Bullitt File JT This telegram must bE PARIS closely paraphrased bE- fore being communicated Dated June 11, 1940 to anyone. (D) Rec'd 6:10 p.m., 12th Secretary of State, Washington. REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED RUSH 1149, June 11, 3 p.m. PERSONAL AND SECRET FOR THE PRESIDENT. The Evacuation of Paris has added a million to the number of mEn, women, and children who are moving into southwestern France whose lives can bE saved only by American aid. You will recall that when I described to you over the telephone about 3 WEEKS ago the condition of the refugees from BElgium and northern France you said that you would ask Congress inmediately for $20,000,000 to keep them alive. Later I was informed that at the request of the REd Cross which was putting on a drive for funds you would not ask for this sum or any other from the Congress until the conclusion of the REd Cross drive, I was furthermore informed by you over the telephone that within three days a ship entirely filled with REd Cross supplies would leave the United States for Bordeaux. (END SECTION ONE) BULLITT NPL HSM Paris This telegram must bE closely paraphrased Dated June 11, 1940 before being communi- cated to anyone. (D) REc'd 11:35 a. m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH 1149, June 11, (SECTION TWO) Since I was under the illusion that the RED Cross would handle this matter with the urgency and Efficiency demanded by the sufferings of the refugees I did not suggest that you ignore the REd Cross and have recourse to the Congress. The ship whose sailing you promised in three days has not yet lEft the United States. This ship the MCKEES- PORT I am authoritatively informed is thE only ship which has been chartered by the RED Cross. There are now six million persons in southwestern France who will die unless American aid for them is organized immediately with the utmost Efficiency. BULLITT RR JR This telegram must bE closely paraphrased bE- Paris fore being communicated to anyone. (D) Dated June 11, 1940 Rec'd 10:18 a.m., 12th. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH. 1149, June 11, (SECTION THREE) This is no time to bE a respecter of persons. I consider criminal the negligence of the REd Cross in failing to organize a regular supply line to Bordeaux three WEEKS ago. I am now convinced that the officials of the Rad Cross are incompatent to organize relief on thE scale demanded. The problem is as great as thE problem of feeding and supplying the Entire French Army. I suggest that today you take the organization of a supply line to Bordeaux out of the hands of the REd Cross and place it in the hands of the most competent Admirol of the United States Navy. Or you might place an Admiral in thE REd Cross with complete power to act. At least two ships a WEEK should reach Bordeaux from this moment on. You cannot tolerate today the incompetence of any individual or organization which is preventing supplies from reaching dying French mEn, women and children. CSB BULLITT HSM Paris This telegram must bE closely paraphrased Dated June 11, 1940 before bEing communi- cated to anyone. (D) Rec'd 12:25 p. m. Secretary of State, Washington. RUSH 1149, June 11 (SECTION FOUR) Harry Hopkins telephoned to mE about a week ago to ask ME the amount I Estimated would bE needed for the maintenance of life in southwestern France this year. As hE doubtless told you I stated that I thought at least $100,000,000 would bE needed. I have discussed this question fully with Wayne Taylor and hE agrees with me that this sum is not an overestimate. Two ships a week, $1,000,000 a ship. Please take action today and do not tolerate for personal or any other reasons continued incompetence in saving lives. The mere fact that the ship which you promised would arrive on May 30 will not reach France before June 30 should bE sufficient Evidence to justify your acting in the most drastic manner. (END MESSAGE). BULLITT RR