Statement By Commissioner Of Education Earl McGrath for Publication in the Journal of Higher Education, The Goals Of Higher Education

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THE GOALS OF HIGHER EDUCATION * by Earl J. McGrath Universities have four primary functions: (1) to train the members of the various professions and of other vocations which require formal education beyond the high school; (2) to perform certain service functions in the community at large; (3) to encourage research and to prepare scholars to extend the frontiers of knowledge; and (4) to educate youth to perform intelligently and responsibly all the activities of life in a democratic society. On the achievement of the first of these objectives) the prosperity of a commonwealth and the well-being of its cititens largely depend. Competence in the professions has increased, all would agree, as their members have had the advantages of formal education. The gains made during the past century in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, for example, have resulte largely from the institutionalization of medical education and research. Similar social benefits have come with the transfer of the education of other occupational groups such as engineers, social workers, and librarians, from practitioners to the universities. Public recognition of the value of this type of education is amply shown by the increase in the number and variety of professional schools. To the early courses of study in medicine, law, and theology have been added dentistry, pharmacy, engineering, agriculture, educa- tion, business administration, and others, and these instructional units are constantly being subdivided into more specialized branches. The need for specialized education beyond the high school will in- crease as vocations undergo greater differentiation. Universities, especially state universities, established as they are to meet all the varied educational needs of society, may be expected to increase the number and to expand the offerings of their professional divisions. In the achievement of this first objective of higher education- training future members of the occupational groups requiring advanced education-the American university has been signally successful. A second function, espocially in publicly-controlled institu- tions, is assuming increasing importance. This servico covers a variety of act# ties including extension classes for adults, casual lectures for caric organizations, occasional investigations for industry, farming, and public agencies, and general advisory ser- vices for public and private bodies. Schools of agriculture and engineering have developed these informal servicos most fully, but the work of other divisions is increasingly extended into the life Condensed for publication in the Journal of Higher Education, April 1949.