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FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY MONDAY, JUNE 11, 1962
Office of the White House Press Secretary
THE WHITE HOUSE
REMARKS OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY,
COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES, YALE UNIVERSITY,
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, JUNE 11, 1962
(As Delivered)
President Griswold, members of the faculty,
graduates and their families, ladies and gentlemen: Let
me begin by expressing my appreciation for the very deep
honor that you have conferred upnn me. As General DeDaulle
occasionally acknowledges, America to be the daughter of
Europe, so I am pleased to come to Yale, the daughter of
Harvard. It might be said now that I have the best of
both worlds, a Harvard education and a Yale degree.
I am particularly glad to become a Yale man
because as I think about my troubles, I find that a lot of
them have come from other Yale men. Among businessmen I
have had a minor disagreement with Roger Blough, of the
Law School Class of 1931, and I have had some complaints too
from my friend Henry Ford, of the class of 1940. In
journalism, I seem to have a difference with John Hay
Whitney, of the class of 1926 -- and sometimes I also
displease Henry Luce of the class of 1920, not to mention
alsoWilliam F. Buckley, Jr., of the class of 1950. I even
have some trouble with my Yale advisors. I get along with
them, but I am not always sure how they get along with
each other.
I have the warmest feelings for Chester Bowles
of the class of 1924 and for Dean Acheson, of the class
of 1915, and my assistant, McGeorge Bundy, of the class of
1940, but I aam not 100 per cent sure that these three wise
and experienced Yale men wholly agree with each other on
every issue.
So this Administration which aims at peaceful
cooperatin among all Americans has been the victim of a
certain natural pugnacity developed in this city among
Yale men. Now that I, too, am a Yale man, it is time for
peace. Last week at West Point, in the historic tradition
of that Acadmmy, I availed myself of the powers of
Commander in Chief to remit all sentences of offending cadets.
In that same spirit, and in the histori C tradition of Yale,
let me now offer to smoke the clay piple of friendship with
all of my brother Elis, and I hope that they may be
friends not only with me but even with each other.
In any event, I am very glad to be here and as
a new member of the club, I have been checking to see what
earlier links existed between the institution of the
Presidency and Yale, I found that a member of the class
of 1878, William Howard Taft, served one term in the White
House as preparation for becoming a member of this faculty.
And a graduate of 1804, John C. Calhoun, regarded the Vice
Presidency as too lowly a station for a Yale alumnus --
and became the only man in history to ever resign that office.
Calhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878 graduated into a
world very different frcm ours today. They and their
- 2 -
contemporaries spent entire careers stretching over 40 years
in grappling with a few dramatic issues on which the nation
was sharply and emotionally divided, issues that occupied the
attention of a generation at a time: the National Bank,
the disposal of the public lands, nullification or union.
freedom or slavery, gold or silver, Today these old
sweeping issues very largely have disappeared. The central
domestic issues of our time are more subtle and less simple.
They relate not to basic clashes of philosophy or ideology
but to ways and .means of reaching common goals -- to research
for sophisticated solutions to complex and obstinate issues.
The world of Calhonn, the world of Taft had its own hard
problems and notable challenges. But its problems are not
our problems. Their age is not our age. As every past
generation has had to disenthrall itself from an inheritance
of truism and stereotype, so in our own time we must move
on from the reassuring repetition of stale phrases to a new,
difficult but essential confrontation with reality.
For the great enemy of the truth is very often not
thelie deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the
myth -- persistent, persuasive and unrealistic, Too often
we hold fast to the cliches of our forebears. We subject
all facts to a prefabricated set of interpretations. We
enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of
thought.
Mythology districts us everywhere-- in government as
in business, in politics as in economics, in foreign affairs
as in deomstic policy. But today I want to partiu larly
consider the myth and reality in our national economy. In
recent months many have come to feel, as I do, that the
dialog between the parties -- between business and
government -- is clogged by illusion and platitude and fails
to reflect the true realities of contemporary American
society.
I speak of these matters here at Yale because of
the self evident truth that a great university is always
enlisted against the spread of illusion and on the side of
reality. No one has said it more clearly than your
President Griswold: "Liberal learing is both a safeguard
againstfalse ideas of freedom and a source of true ones.
Your role as university men, whatever your calling, will be
to increase each new generation's grasp of its new cuties.
There are three great areas of our domestic affairs
in which, today, there is a danger that illusionmay prevent
effective action. They are, first, the question of the
size and the shape of government's responsibilities; second,
the question of public fiscal policy; and third, the matter
of confidence, business confidence or public confidence,
or simply confidence in America. I want to talk about all
three, and I want to talk about them carefuly and dispassion-
ately -- and I wmphasize that I am concerned here not with
political debate but with finding ways to separate false
problems from real ones.
If a contest in angry argument were forced upon it,
no Administration could shrink from response, and history
does not suggest that American Presidents are totally
without resources in an engagement forced upon them because
of hostility in one sector of society. But in the wider
natioal interest, we need not partisan wrangling, but common
concentration on common problems. I come this morning to
ask you to join in this great task.
Let us take first the question of the size and
shape of government. The myth here is thatgovernment is big,
- 3 -
and bad -- and steadilygetting bigger and worse. Obviously
this myth has some escuse for existence. It is true that
in recent history each new Administration has spent much more
money than its predecessor. Thus President Roosevelt out-
spent President Hoover, and Wi th allowances for the special
case of the Second World War, President Truman outspent
President Roosevelt, Just to prove that this was not a
partisæmatter, President Eisenhower outspent President
Truman by the handsome figure of $182 billion. It is even
possible something of this trend may continue.
But does it follow that big government is growing
relatively bigger? It does not -- for the fact is for the
last 15 years, the Federal Government -- and also the
Federal debt -- and also the federal bureaucracy -- have
grown less rapidly than the economy as a whole. If we leave
defense and space expenditures aside, the Federal Government
since the Second World War has expended less than any other
major sector of our national life -- lessthanindustry less
than commerce, less than agriculture, less than higher
education, and very much less than the noise about big
government.
The truth about big government is the truth about
any other great activity -- it is complex. Certainly it is
true that size brings dangers -- but it is also true that aize
also canbring benefits. Here at Yale whichhas contributed
so much to our national progress in science and medicine, it
may be proper for me to mention one great and little
noticed expansion of government which has brought strength
to ourwhole society. The new role of our federal government
as the major patron of research in science and in medicine.
Few people realize that in 1961, in support of all
university research in science and medicine, three dollars
out of every four came from the federal government. I need
hardly point out that this has taken place rithout undue
enlargement of government control -- that Imerican scientists
remain second to none in their independence and in their
individualism.
I am not suggesting that federal expenditures cannot
bring some measure of control. The whole thrust of federal
expenditures in agriculture have been related by purpose an d
design to control.
as a means of dealing with the problems
created by our farmers and our growing productivity. Each
sector, my point is, of activity mustbe approached on its
own merits and in terms of specific natonal needs.
Generalities in regard to federal expenditures, therefore,
can be misleading -- each case, science, urban renewal,
education, agriculture, natural resources, each case must be
determined on its merits if we are to profit from our
unrivaled ability to combine the strength of public and
private purpose.
Next, let us turn to the problem of our fiscal policy.
Here the myths are legion and the truth hard to find. But let
me take as a prime example the problem of the federal budget.
We persist in measuring our federal fiscal integrity
today by the conventional or administrative budget -- with
results which waid be regarded as absurd in any business firm
-- in any country of Europe -- or in any careful assessment of
the reality of our national finances. The administrative
budget has sound addinistrative uses. But for wider purposes
it is less helpful. It omits our special trust funds; it
neglects changes in assets or inventories. It cannot tell
a loan froma straight expenditure -- and worst of all it
camnot distinguish between operating expenditures and long
term investm ents.
- 4-
This budget, in relation to the great problems ₫
federal fiscal policy, is not simply irrelevant; it can be
actively misleading. And yet there is a mythology that
measures all of our national soundness or unsoundness on
the single simple basis of this same annual administrative
budget. If our federal budget is to serve, not the debate,
but the country, we must and will find ways clarifying
this area of discourse.
Still in the area of fiscal policy, let me say a
word about deficits. The myth persists that federal
deficits create inflation and budget surpluses prevent it.
Yet sizeable budget surpluses after the war did not prevent
inflation, and persistent deficits for the last several years
have not upset our basic price stability. Obviously deficits
are sometimes dangerous -- and so are surpluses. But
honest assessment plainly requires a more sophisticated view
than the old and automatic cliche that deficits automatically
bring inflation.
There are myths also about our public debt. It is
widely supposed that this debt is growing at a dangerously
rapid rate. In fact, both the debt per person and the debt
as a proportion of our gross national product have declined
sharply since the Second World War. In absolute terms the
national debt increased only 8 per cent, while private debt
was increasing 305 per cent, and the debts of state and local
governments increased 378 per cent. Moreover, debts, public
and private, are neither good nor bad, in and of themselves.
Borrowing can lead to over-extension and collapse -- but it
can also lead to expansionandstrength. There is no single,
simple slogan in this field that we can trust
Finally, I come to the problem of confidence.
Confidence is a matter of myth and also a matter of truth --
and this time let me take the truth of the matter first.
It is true- and of high importance -- that the
prosperity of this country depends on assurance that all major
elements within it will live up to their responsibilities.
If business were to neglect its obligations to the public;
if labor were blind to all public.aresponsibility; above
all, if government were to abandon its obvious -- and
statutory -- duty of watchful concern for our economic
health -- if any of these things should happen, then
confidence might well be weakened and danger of stagnation
would increase. This is the true issue of confidence.
- 5 -
But there is also the false issue -- and its simplest
form is the assertion that any and all unfavorable turns of
the speculative wheel however temporary and however plainly
speculative in character -- are the result of, and I quote,
"lack of confidence in the national administration. This I
must tell you, while comforting, is not wholly true. Worse,
it obscures the reality--which is also simple. The solid ground
of mutual confidence is the necessary partnership of government
with all of the sectors of our society in the steady quest for
economic progress.
Corporate plans are not based on a political confidence
in party leaders but on an economic confidence in the nation's
ability to invest and produce and consume. Business had full
confidence in the Administrations in power in 1929, 1954, 1958,
and 1960 -- but this was not enough to prevent recession when
business lacked full confidence in the economy. What matters
is the capacity of the national as a whole to deal with its
economic problems and its opportunities.
The stereotypes I have been discussing distract our
attention and divide our effort. These stereotypes do our
nation a disservice, not just because they are exhausted and
irrelevant, but above all because they are misleading --
because they stand in the way of the solution of hard and
complicated facts. It is not new that past debates should
obscure present realities. But the damage of such a false
dialogue is greater today than ever before simply because
today the safety of all the world -- the very future of
freedom -- depends as never before upon the sensible and
clear-headed management of the domestic affairs of the United
States.
The real issues of our time are rarely so dramatic as
the issues of Calhoun. The differences today are usually matters
of degree. And we cannotunderstand and attack our contemporary
problems in 1962 if we are bound by traditional labels and worn-out
slogans of an earlier era. But the unfortunate fact of the
matter is that our rhetoric has not kept pace with the speed
of social and economic change. Our political debates, our
public discourse -- on current domestic and economic issues -- too
often bear little or no relation to the actual problems the
United States faces.
What is at stake in our economic decisions today
is not some grand warfare of rival ideologies which will sweep
the country with passion but the practical management of a
modern economy. What we need is not labels and cliches but
more basic discussion of the sophisticated and technical questions
involved in keeping a great economic machinery moving ahead.
The national interest lies in high employment and steady
expansion of output, in stable prices, and a strong dollar.
The declaration of such an objective is easy; their attainment
in an intricate and interdependent economy and world is a
little moredifficult. To attain them, we require not some
automatic response but hard thought. Let me end by suggesting
a few of the real questions on our national agenda.
First, how can our budget and tax policies supply
adequate revenues and preserve our balance of payments
position without slowing up our economic growth?
Two, how are we to set our interest rates and regulate
the flow of money in ways which will stimulate the economy at
home, without weakening the dollar abroad? Given the
spectrum of our domestic and international responsibilities,
what should be the mix between fiscal and monetary policy?
Let me give several examples from my experience of the
xomplexity of these matters and how political labels and
ideological approaches are irrelevant to the solution.
Last week, a distinguished graduate of this school,
Senator Proxmire, of the Class of 1938, who is ordinarily
- 6 -
regarded as a liberal Democrat, suggested that we should follow
in meeting our economic problems a stiff fiscal policy, with
emphasis on budget balance and an easy monetary policy with low
interest rates in order to keep our economy going. In the same
week, the Bank International in Basil, Switzerland, a conserva-
tive organization representing the central bankers of Europe
suggested that the appropriate economic policy in the United
States should be the very opposite; that we should follow a
flexible budget policy as in Europe, with deficits when the
economy is down and a high monetary policy on interest rates
in Europe in order to control inflation and protect goals.
Both may be right or wrong. It will depend on many different
factors.
The point isthat this is basically an administrative
or executive problem in which political labels or cliches do
not give us a solution.
A well-known business journal this morning, as I
journeyed to New Haven, raised the prospects that a further
budget deficit would bring inflation and encourage the flow
of gold. We have had several budget deficits beginning with
a $12 billion deficit in 1958, and it is true that in the Fall
of 1960 we had a gold dollar loss running at $5 billion annually.
This would seem to prove the case that a deficit produces in-
flation and that we lose gold, yet there was no inflation
following the deficit of 1958 nor has there been inflation
since then.
Our wholesale price index since 1958 has remained
completely level in spite of several deficits, because
the loss of gold has been due to other reasons: price in-
stability, relative interest rates, relative export-import
balance, national security expenditures -- all the rest.
Let me give you a third and final example. At the
World Bank meeting in September, a number of American bankers
attending predicted to their European colleagues that because
of the Fiscal 1962 budget deficit, there would be a strong
inflationary pressure on the dollar and a loss of gold.
Their predictions of inflation were shared by many in business
and helped push the market up. The recent reality of non-
inflation helped bring it down. We have had no inflation
because we have had other factors in our economy that have
contributed to price stability.
I do not suggest that the government is right and they
are wrong. The fact of the matter is in the Federal Reserve
Board and in the Administration this Fall, a similar view was
held by many well-informed and disinterested men that inflation
was the major problem we would face in the Winter of 1962,
but it was not, What I do suggest is that these problems
are endlessly complicated and yet they go to the future of this
country and its ability to prove to the world what we believe
it must prové.
I am suggesting that the problems of fiscal and
monetary policies in the Sixties as opposed to the kinds of
problems we faced in the Thirties demand subtle challenges
for which technical answers, not political answers, must be
provided. These are mattersupon which government and business
may and in many cases will disagree. They are certanly
matters that the governmat and business should be discussing
in the most sober, dispassionate way if we are to maintain
the kind of vigorous economy upon which our country
depends.
How can we develop and sustain strong and stable world
markets for basic commodities without unfairness to the
consumer and without undue stimulus to the producer? How
can we generate the buying power which can consume what we
produce on our farms and in our factories. How can we take
advantage of the miracles of automation with the great
demand that it will put upon highly skilled labor and yet
offer employment to the half million of unskilled school
dropouts each year which enter the labor market, eight
million of them in the 1960's.
- 7 --
How do we eradicate the carriers which separate
substantial minorities of our citizens from access to
education and employment on equal terms with the rest?
How, in sum, can we make our free dconomy work
at full capacity -- that is, provide adequate profits for
enterprise, adequate wages for labor, adequate utilization of
plant and opportunity for all?
These are the problems that we should be talking
about -- that the political parties and the various groups
in our cuuntry should be discussing. They camnot be solved
by incantations of the forgotten past, But the example of
Western Europe shows that they are capable of solution --
that goverments, and many of them are conservative
governments, prepared to face technical problems without
ideological preconcept ions, can coordinate the elements of
a national economy to bring about growth and prosperity --
a decade of it.
Some conversations I have heard in our own country
sound like old records, longplaying, left over from the middle
Thirties. The debate of the Thirties had its great
significance and produced great results but it took place
in a different world with different needs and different tasks.
It is our responsibility today to live in our own world --
and to identify the needs and discharge the tasks of the 1960's.
If there is any current trend toward meeting present
problems with old cliches, this is the moment to stop it --
before it lands us all in a bog of sterile acrimony.
Discussion is essential; and I am hopeful that the
debate of recent weeks, though up to now somewhat barren,
may represent the start of a serious dislogue of the kind
which has led in Europe to such fruitful collaboration among
all the elements of economic society and to a decade of
unrivaled economic progress. But let us not engage in the
wrong argument at the wrong time between the wrong people
in the wrong country -- while the real problems of our own
time grow and multiply, fertilized by our neglect.
Nearly 150 years ago Thomas Jefferson wrote,
"The new circumstances under which we are placed call for
new words, new phrases, and for the transfer of old words
to new objects. " That is truer today than it was in the time
of Jefferson, because the role of this country is so vastly
more significance. There is a show in England called "Stop
the World, I Want to Get Off". You have not chosen to
exercise that option. You are part of the world and you
must participate in these days of our years in the solution
of the problems that pour upon us requiring the most
sophisticated and technical judgment, andas we work in
consonance to meet the authentic problems of our times, we
will gen erate a vision and an energy which will demonstrate
anew to the world the superior vitality and the strength
of the free society.
END
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Evelyn Lenciln
Item is me
Yale zuch.
Thanks !
am
Original was given to
the Presedent of
yale University fas
this museum.
uz
Let me begin by expressing my deep
appreciation of the honor you have
conferred on me. As General de Gaulle
accermates
acknowledges America to be the daughter
a
of Europe, so am I pleased to come to
Yale, the daughter of Harvard. Indeed,
have heard that Yale may someday have
daughters of its own -- and, now that I
am an alumnus, I may apply on behalf of
my daughter.
Humst be Dard
Someone has told me that I now have
the best of both worlds -- a Harvard
education and a Yale degree.
2
I am particularly glad to become a
Yale man, because as I think about my
troubles, I find that a lot of them have
come from other Yale men. Among
businessmen, I have had a minor
disagreement with Roger Blough, of the
Law School Class of 1931, and I have had
some complaints too from my friend
Henry Ford, of the class of 1940. In
journalism, I seem to have a difference
with John Hay Whitney, of the class of
1926 -- and sometimes I also displease
Harry Henry Luce of the class of 1920 -- not
to mention William F. Buckley, Jr., of
the class of 1950.
3
In politics my luck is better, but
lately I have had small arguments with
Bob Wagner of the class of 1933 and Bill
Proxmire of the class of 1938 -- and they
are members of my own party.
I even have trouble with some of my
Yale advisers. I get along with them,
but they don't always get along with each
other: I have the warmest feelings for
Chester Bowles of the class of 1924 and
for Dean Acheson of the class of 1915 --
but I am not 100 per cent sure that these
two wise and experienced Yale men wholly
agree with each other on every issue.
4
So this Administration, which aims
at peaceful cooperation among all
Americans, has been the victim of a
certain natural pugnacity among Yale men.
Now that I am a Yale man too, it is time
for peace. Last week, at West Point, in
the historic tradition of that Academy,
I availed myself of the powers of the
Commander-in-Chief to remit all the
sentences of offending cadets. In that
same spirit -- and in the historic
tradition of Yale -- let me now offer to
smoke the clay pipe of friendship with all
my brother Elis -- and I hope that they
even,
may be friends not only with me but with
each other.
5
In any event I am very glad to be
here -- and as a new member of the club
I have been checking to see what earlier
links existed between this institution
and the Presidency. I found that a
member of the class of 1878, William
Howard Taft, served one term in the
White House as preparation for becoming
a member of this faculty
...
and a
graduate of 1804, John C. Calhoun
is
regarded the Vice Presidency as too
lowly a station for a Yale alumnus --
and became the only man in history ever
to resign that office.
6
Calhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878
graduated into a world very different
from the one which faces you. They and
their contemporaries spent entire careers
in grappling with a few dramatic issues
on which the nation was sharply divided --
issues that often occupied attention for
a generation at a time: the National
Bank, the disposal of the public lands,
nullification or union, freedom or
slavery, gold or silver.
Today these old sweeping issues have
largely disappeared. The central domestic
problems of our own time are more subtle
and less simple. They relate, not to basic
clashes of philosophy or ideology,
7
but to ways and means of reaching common
goals -- to research for sophisticated
solutions to complex and obstinate
issues. The world of Calhoun, the world
of Taft, had its own hard problems and
notable challenges. But its problems are
not our problems. Its challenges are not
our challenges. Their age is not our age.
As every past generation has had to
desenthiall
disentangle itself from an inheritance of
truism and stereotype, so in our own time
we must move on from the reassuring
repetition of stale phrases to a new,
difficult but essential confrontation of
reality.
8
For the great enemy of the truth is
very often not the lie -- deliberate,
contrived and dishonest -- but the
myth -- persistent, persuasive and
unrealistic. Too often we hold fast
to the cliches of our forebearers.
We subject all facts to a prefra-
bricated set of interpretations. We
enjoy the comfort of opinion without
the discomfort of thought.
Mythology distracts us everywhere ---
in government as in business, in
politics as in economics, in foreign
affairs as in domestic policy. But
today I want particularly to consider
myth and reality in our national
economy. In recent months many
have come to feel, I believe
9
C ome to feel that the dialogue between
the parties -- between business and
government -- between government and the
public -- is clogged by illusion and
platitude and fails to reflect the true
realities of contemporary American
society.
I speak of these matters here at
Yale because of the self-evident truth
that a great university is always
enlisted against the spread of illusion
and on the side of reality. No one has
said it more clearly than President
Griswold: "Liberal learning is both a
safeguard against false ideas of freedom
and a source of true ones. Your role as
university men, whatever your calling,
10
will be to increase each new generation's
grasp of its new duties,
* * *
There are three great areas of our
domestic affairs in which, today, there
is a danger that illusion may prevent
effective action. They are: first:
the question of the size and shape of
government's responsibilities; second:
the question of public fiscal policy;
and third: the matter of confidence --
business confidence, or public
confidence -- or simply confidence in
America. I want to talk about all three.
I want to talk about them carefully and
dispassionately --
11
and I emphasize that I am concerned
here not with political debate but
with finding ways to separate false
problems from real ones.
If a contest in angry argument
were forced upon it, no Administration
could shrink from response, and
history does not suggest that American
Presidents are totally without
resources in an engagement forced upon
them because of hostility in one
sector of society. But in the wider
national interest we need, not partisan
wrangling, but common concentration
on common problems. I come this
morning to ask you to join in this
great task.
***
12
Let us take first the question of
the size and shape of government. The
myth here is that government is big,
and bad -- and steadily getting bigger
and worse. Obviously this myth has
some excuse for existence. It is true
that in recent history each new
Administration has spent much more
money than its predecessors. Thus
President Roosevelt outspent President
Hoover, and with allowance for the
special case of the Second World War,
President Truman outspent President
Roosevelt. Just to prove that this
was no partisan matter, President
Eisenhower then outspent President
Truman by the handsome figure of 180
billion dollars.
13
It is even possible that this trend
may continue.
But does it follow that big
government is growing relatively
bigger? It does not -- for the fact
is that for the last fifteen years
the federal government -- and also
the federal debt -- and also the
federal bureaucracy -- have grown
less rapidly than the economy as a
whole. If we leave defense and
space expenditures aside, your federal
government, since the Second World
War, has expanded less than any other
major sector of our national life --
less than industry -- less than
commerce --
14
less than agriculture -- less than
higher education -- and very much less
than the noise about big government.
The truth about big government is
the truth about any other great
activity -- it is complex. Certainly
it is true that size brings dangers --
as we have lately seen in such areas
as stockpiling and agricultural
storage. But it is also true that
size can bring great benefits. Here
at Yale, which has contributed so
much to our national progress in
science and medicine, it may be
proper for me to mention one great
and little-noticed expansion of
government that has brought strength to
our whole society:
15
the new role of our federal government
as the major patron of research in
science and medicine. Few people
realize that in 1961, in support of
all university research in science
and medicine, three dollars out of
every four came from the federal
government. I need hardly point out
that this has taken place without
undue enlargement of government
control -- that American scientists
remain second to none in their
independence, and even in their
rugged individualism.
Government in this country is
nearly always related to other forces.
Was I and miggsting
is ther the fener by Sun
L regard t freenam 20
and misleeding each care
mind he determed it morks
P.15 verso
16
I am not suggesting that federal
expenditures cannot bring some measure
of control. The whole thrust of
federal expenditures in agriculture
have been related by purpose and by
design to control
as a means
of dealing with the problems created
by our farmers and growing productivity.
Each sector of activity must be
approached on its own merits and in
terms of specific national needs.
Generalities in regard to federal
expenditures, therefore, can be
misleading -- each case, science,
urban renewal, education, agriculture,
natural resources, each case must be
determined on its merits if we are
to profit by from
17
our unrivaled ability to combine the
strength of public and private
agencies, public and private purposes --
public and private interests.
* * *
Next, let us turn to the problem
of fiscal policy. Here the myths
are legion and the truth sometimes
hard to find. But let me take as a
prime example the problem of the federal
budget. We persist in measuring our
Federal fiscal integrity today by
the conventional or administrative
budget -- with results which would
be regarded as absurd in any business
firm -- in any country of Europe --
18
or in any careful assessment of the
reality of our national finances.
The administrative budget has sound
administrative uses. But for wider
purposes it is less helpful. It omits
our special trust funds; it neglects
changes in assets or inventories; it
cannot tell a loan from a straight
expenditure -- and worst of all it
cannot distinguish between operating
expenditures and long-term investments.
This budget -- in relation to the
great problems of Federal fiscal
policy -- is not simply irrelevant;
it is actively misleading.
19
And yet there is a mythology that
measures all our soundness or
unsoundness on the single simple basis
annual
of this same administrative budget.
If our federal budget i's to serve,
not the debate, but the country, we
must and will find ways of cleaning
up this area of discourse.
Still in the area of fiscal policy,
let me say a word about deficits. The
myth persists that Federal deficits
create inflation and budget budges surpluses
prevent it. Yet sizeable surpluses
after the war did not prevent inflation,
and persistent deficits for the last
several years have not upset our basic
price stability.
20
Obviously deficits are sometimes
dangerous -- and SO are surpluses.
But honest assessment plainly requires
a more sophisticated view than the
cliche that deficits are inflationary.
There are myths also about our
public debt. It is widely supposed
that this debt is growing at a
dangerously rapid rate. In fact both
the debt per person and the debt as a
proportion of our gross national
product have declined sharply since
the Second World War. In absolute
terms the national debt has increased
only 8 per cent,
21
while private debt was increasing
305 per cent and the debts of state
and local governments increased
378 per cent. Moreover debts, public
and private, are neither good nor
bad, in and of themselves. Borrowing
can lead to overextension and collapse --
but it can also lead to expansion and
strength. There is no single simple
slogan in this field that can deserve
our trust.
* * *
Finally, I come to the problem of
confidence. Confidence is a matter of
myth and also a matter of truth --
and this time let me take the truth of
the matter first.
22
It is true -- and of high
importance -- that the prosperity of
this country depends on assurance that
all major elements within it will
live up to their responsibilities. If
business were to neglect its
obligations to the public; if labor
were blind to all public responsibility;
above all, if government were to
abandon its obvious -- and statutory --
duty of watchful concern for our
economic health -- if any of these
things should happen, then confidence
might well be weakened, and the danger
of stagnation would increase. This
is the true issue of confidence.
23
But there is also the false issue
== and its simplest form is the
assertion that any and all unfavorable
turns of the speculative wheel --
however temporary and however plainly
speculative in character -- are the
result of "lack of confidence in the
national Administration." This, I
must tell you, whole comforting,
is not wholly true. Worse, it
obscures the reality -- which is
also simple. The solid ground of
mutual confidence is the necessary
partnership of government with all
the sectors of our society in the
steady quest for economic progress.
24
This Administration is not going to
give way to general hostility to
business merely because there has been
a single temporary disagreement with
an
a single individua or industry, nor
will the future belong to those who
ignore the realities of our economic
life in a neurotic search for unending
reassurance.
Corporate plans are not based on a
political confidence in party leaders
but on an economic confidence in the
nation's ability to invest and produce
and consume.
25
Business had full confidence in the
administrations in power in 1929,
1954, 1958 and 1960 -- but this was
not enough to prevent recession when
business lacked full confidence in
the economy. What matters is the
capacity of the nation as a whole to
deal with its economic problems and
opportunities.
* * *
The sterotypes I have been
discussing distract our attention and
divide our effort. These stereotypes
do our nation a disservice, not just
because they are exhausted and
irrelevant,
27
276
26
but above all because they are
misleading -- because they stand in the
way of the solution of hard and
complicated problems. It is not new
that past debates should obscure
present realities. But the damage
of such false dialogue is greater
today than ever before, simply because
today the safety of all the world --
the very future of freedom -- depends
as never before upon the sensible
and clear-headed management of the
domestic affairs of the United States.
The real issues of our own time are
rarely so dramatic as the issues of the
age of Calhoun.
28 27
The differences today are mainly matters
of degree. And we cannot understand
and attack our contemporary problems
if we are bound by the traditional
labels and worn-out slogans of an
earlier era. But the unfortunate fact
of the matter is that our rhetoric has
not kept pace with the speed of social
and economic change. Our political
debates, our public discourse -- on
current domestic and economic issues --
too often bear little relation to the
practical problems we face.
What is at stake in our economic
decisions today is, not some grand
warfare of rival ideologies, but the
practical management of the modern
economy.
20 28
What we need is, not more labels and
more cliches, but more basic discussion
of the sophisticated and technical
questions involved in keeping our
mighty economic machine moving steadily
ahead.
The national interest lies in high
employment, steady expansion of output,
stable prices and a strong dollar. The
declaration of such objectives is easy;
their attainment in an intricate and
interdependent economy and world is a
little more difficult. To attain them,
we require not facile ideology but hard
thought. Let me end by suggesting a
few of the real questions on our
national agenda.
A
LET ME GIVE SEVERAL EXAMPLES FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE
OF THE COMPLEXITY OF THESE MATTERS AND HOW POLITICAL
LABELS AND IDELOGICAL APPROACHES ARE FREQUENTLY
IRRELEVANT TO THEIR SOLUTION.
LAST WEEK A' DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE OF THIS SCHOOL,
SENATOR PROXMIRE OF THE CLASS OF 1938, WHO IS ORDINARILY
REGARDED AS A LIBERAL DEMOCRAT SUGGESTED THAT WE SHOULD
FOLLOW IN MEETING OUR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS A STIFF FISCAL
POLICY = WITH EMPHASIS ON BUDGET BALANCING AND AN EASY
MONETARY POLICY -- WITH LOW INTEREST RATES IN ORDER TO
ECONOMY
KEEP OUR MOVING.
IN THE SAME WEEK THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT
IN BERNE, SWITZERLAND, A CONSERVATIVE ORGANIZATION
REPRESENTING CENTRAL BANKERS OF EUROPE SUGGESTED THAT THE
be of
APPROPRIATE ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES SHOULD
?
the my A FLEXIBLE BUDGET follm
PERMIT POLICY AS IN EUROPE WITH
DIFICITS WHEN THE ECONOMY IS DOWN AND A HIGH MONETARY
POLICY AS IN EUROPE WITH HIGH INTEREST RATES, IN ORDER
&
2
TO CONTROL INFLATION AND PRODUCE GOLD. BOTH MAY BE
RIGHT OR WRONG. IT WILL DEPEND ON MANY OTHER FACTORS. THE
POINT IS THAT THIS IS BASICALLY AN ADMINISTRATIVE AND
9 with
EXECUTIVE PROBLEM AND POLITICAL CLICHES OR LABELS WILL
NOT SOLVE IT.
LET ME GIVE YOU A SECOND EXAMPLE. A WELL_KNOWN
BUSINESS JOURNAL THIS MORNING RAISED THE PROSPECTS THAT
A FURTHER BUDGET DEFICIT WOULD BRING INFLATION AND
ENCOURAGE THE FLOW OF GOLD. WE HAVE HAD SEVERAL RECENT
a
BUDGET DEFICITS BEGINNING WITH OUR 12 1/2 BILLION DOLLAR
DEFICIT IN 1958 AND IT IS TRUE THAT IN THE FALL OF 1960
ford
WE HAD A RECORD LOSS. RUNNING AT AN ANNUAL RATE OF 5 BILLION
DOLLARS. THIS WOULD SEEM TO PROVE THE CASE THAT A
DEFICIT PRODUCES INFLATION AND A LOSS OF GOLD.
YET THERE was NO INFLATION FOLLOWING THE 1960
58
RECESSION AND DEFICIT NOR SINCE THEN. OUR WHOLESALE PRICE
defends an
INDEX SINCE 1958 IN SPITE OF SEVERAL DEFICITS HAS REMAINED
THE SAME AND THE LOSS OF GOLD HAS BEEN DUE TO OTHER REASONS
Ar
3
Min,
THAN PRICE INSTABILITY -- RELATIVE INTEREST RATES,
RELATIVE EXPORT IMPORT BALANCES, NATIONAL SECURITY
expensive flane-
EXPENDITURES, ETC.
LET ME GIVE YOU A THIRD AND FINAL EXAMPLE. AT
THE WORLD BANK MEETING IN SEPTEMBER A NUMBER OF AMERICAN
BANKERS ATTENDING PREDICTED TO THEIR EUROPEAN
COLLEAGUES THAT BECAUSE OF THE FISCAL 62 BUDGET DEFICIT
THERE
THEXRE SHOULD BE STRONG INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON THE
DOLLAR AND INCREASES IN THE GOLD FLOW. THEIR PREDICTION
OF INFLATION WAS SHARED BY MANY IN BUSINESS AND HELPED
PUSH THE STOCK MARKET UP. THE RECENT REALITY OF NON-
INFLATION HELPED BRING IT DOWN. ged WE HAVE HAD INFLATION
No
BECAUSE OF PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES AND BECAUSE-OF
?
THE (modypts INACCURATE USE OF PLANT CAPACITY AND MANPOWER.
shere then lifer Umm a item
THESE MEN WHO KNOW AS MUCH ABOUT OUR ECONOMY AS
ANY IN THE COUNTRY WERE NOT CORRECT IN THEIR JUDGMENTS
home m he 6 clear the they meant clue
I BELIEVE IT IS IN PART BECAUSE OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE THAT
IN OTHER DAYS AND PARTICULARLY IN OTHER COUNTRIES DEFICITS
same they line Fell - there ment was NOT the late I my
he the Fedure and + he Admin rity they an
Am
4
HAVE INEVITABLY BROUGHT STRONG INFLATIONARY PRESSURES.
am not suggesty
LET ME MAKE IT CLEAR THAT I RECOGNIZE THAT
into defered
IRRESPONSIBLE BUDGET POLICIES CAN BRING INFLATIONARY
easemed
PRESSURES AGAIN IN THIS COUNTRY AS OTHER EXCESSIVE
WAGE AND PRICE POLICIES. WHAT I AM SUGGESTING IS THAT
THE PROBLEM OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY AND THE
S/
BALANCE OF PAYMENT PRESENT COMPLEX AND SUBTLE CHALLENGES
has prictred," is
FOR WHICH TECHNICAL ANSWERS MUST BE PROVIDED.
THESE ARE MATTERS UPON WHICH GOVERNMENT AND
BUSINESS MAY DISAGREE. THEY ARE CERTAINLY MATTERS THAT
GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS SHOULD BE DISCUSSING IN THE
MOST SOBER, DISPASSIONATE AND CAREFUL WAY IF WE ARE
TO MAINTAIN THE KIND OF VIGOROUS ECONOMY UPON WHICH
OUR COMMON SECURITY DEPENDS.
x inent 29
here pay
How can our budget and tax policies
supply adequate revenues and preserve
our balance of payments position,
without slowing up our economic growth?
How are we to set our interest
rates and regulate the flow of money
in ways which will stimulate the
economy at home, without weakening the
dollar abroad aiven the spectrum What of
our economic responsibilities which
has
should be the mix between fiscal and
monetary actions? nalicis.
Die good
there
an
heaver
giv.
anyments
hour
With the necessity of maintaining
I
our competitive position in the world,
what should be the price and wage
policies of our basic industries?
Is there a public interest in such
price and wage decisions, and, if so,
Warrond has wases wark than and View been cur 10.6m
and as
fine Only more may they him thand here there wing manner 1 suffer them
men n litter will
30
how is it to be defined and organized
and expressed?
How can we develop and sustain strong
and stable world markets for basic
commodities without unfairness to the
consumer and without unreasonable
stimulus to producers?
How can we generate the buying power
which will absorb the products of our
factories and farms?
How can we share the benefits and
burdens of technical progress, and how
can we make sure that the bnefits to
some are not offset by the burdens
on others? How can we take advantage
of the miracles of automation, with its
premium on highly trained labor,
--
22 31
and yet offer employment to the half a
million of unskilled school drop-outs
who enter the labor market every year?
How do we eradicate the barriers
which separate substantial minorities
of our citizens from access to
opportunities for education and
employment on equal terms with the rest?
How, in sum, can we make our free
economy work at full capacity -- that
is, provide adequate profits for
enterprise, adequate wages for labor,
adequate utilization of plan and
adequate opportunity for all?
32
These are the problems that we
should be talking about -- the real
problems of our age. They cannot be
solved by incantations from the
forgotten past. But the example of
Western Europe shows that they are
capable of solution -- that governments,
and many of them are conservative
governments, prepared to face technical
problems without ideological
preconceptions, can coordinate the
elements of a national economy to
bring about unexampled growth and
prosperity.
Some conversations I have recently
heard -- and overheard -- in our
own country sound like old records,
3433 33
long-playing, left over from the middle
thirities. The debate of the thirties
had its great significance and produced
its great results. But it took place in
a different world with different needs
and different tasks. It is our
responsibility today to live in our own
world -- and to identify the needs and
discharge the tasks of the nineteen
sixties.
If there is any current trend
toward meeting present problems with
ancient cliches, this is the moment to
stop it -- before it lands us all in a
bog of sterile acrimony.
Discussion is essential; and I am
hopeful that the debate of recent weeks,
34
though up to now somewhat barren, may
represent the start of a serious
dialogue of the kind which has led in
Europe to such fruitful collaboration
among all the elements of economic
society and to a decade of unrivalled
economic progress. But let us not
engage in the wrong argument at the
wrong time between the wrong people
in the wrong country -- while the
real problems of our own time grow
and multiply, fertilizedbby our
neglect.
Nearly 150 years ago Thomas
Jefferson wrote, "The new circumstances
under which we are placed call for
new words, new phrases, and for the
transfer of old words to new objects."
35
she
That is our need today -- and it
OF
should also be our ambition -- to
respunsing
replace imaginary issues by real,
5
and tired slogans by fresh insight.
June
As we work in concert to meet the
we 1mm
authentic problems of our own time,
we will generate an energy and vision
which will demonstrate anew to the
world the superior vitality and
strength of the free society.
her wnds. here plane-
the Tran Ve I ed and t we
mayor mumber Ann them trady when The Jeffer mhat - + with
human ther usur for une
8
For the great enemy of the truth is
very often not the lie -- deliverate,
contrived and dishonest -- but the myth --
persistent, persuasive and unrealistic.
Too often we hold fast to the cliches of
our forebears. We subject all facts to a
Prefrabricated set of interpretations. We
enjoy the comfort of opinion without the
discomfort of thought.
Mythology distracts us everywhere --
in government as in business, in politics
as in economics, in foreign affairs as in
domestic policy. But today I want
particularly to consider myth and reality
in our national economy. In recent months
w.e.x many have come to feel, I believe
11
and I emphasize that I am concerned here
not with political debate but with
finding ways to separate false problems
from real ones.
If a contest in angry argument were
forced upon it, no Administration could
shrink from response, and history does
are
not suggest that American Presidents who
totally mithout ascounce m andingegement
responded to such attack lost strength
forcedupon -0 because
because of hostility from one section of
national
society. But in the wider interest we
need, not partisan wrangling, but common
concentration on common problems. I come
this morning to ask you to join in this
great task.
* * *
funds do can not buy some
Oneasure ? contert. The while
by
of federal 16 milsedy has been to energe
Government in science is related to
control in a or medical 2
the independent strength, and standards,
daty each the problem createrly
of places like Yale. Government in in
urban renewal is related to civic pride
forman group producting
and energy (-- and who knows this
better than you in New Haven?)
Government in agriculture is related,
by purpose and by design, to control --
as a means of dealing with the
problems created by our farmers'
growing productivity. Each sector
of activity must be approached on its
own merits and in terms of specific
national needs, But surely experience
has taught us to value, and to take
satisfaction in,
23
But there is also the false issue --
and its simplest form is the assertion
that any and all unfavorable turns of
the speculative wheel -- however
temporary and however plainly
speculative in character -- are the
in The 1
result of "lack of confidence
This,
I must tell you, while comforting, is
not wholly true. Worse, it obscures
the reality -- which is also simple.
The solid ground of mutual confidence
is the necessary partnership of
government with all the sectors of
our society in the steady quest for
economic progress.
25
Business had full confidence in the
administrations in power in 1929, 1954,
1958 and 1960 -- but this was not
enough to prevent recession when
business lacked full confidence in the
economy. What matters is the capacity
of the nation as a whole to deal with
and apportun he
its economic problems, and certainly few,
if any, businessmen really want an
economy which has no governmental
intervention -- no tariff or Taft-Hartley,
no S.E.C., or I.C.C. no guarantee of
bank deposits, no Federal Reserve
System. Indeed, when the great majority
many Known mens ma a
mude distance
will without
of enforcement actions under the
he perfor unformed
anti-trust laws are taken in response to
complaints by businessmen.
and in the pame sen and dervand In
have who Change
26
Businessmen -- as much as any others --
are the beneficiaries of price stability
in our basic industries. And I do find
that those businessmen who have served
in Washington inevitably have a greater
appreciation of the government's
problems and contributions. They talk
about mutual interests, basic needs,
real problems instead of myths.
* * *
The stereotypes I have been
discussing distract our attention and
divide our effort. These stereotypes
do our nation a disservice, not just
because they are exhausted and
irrelevant,
30
How can our budget and tax policies
supply adequate revenues and preserve
our balance of payments position,
without slowing up our economic
growth?
How are we to set our interest rates
and regulate the flow of money in ways
which will stimulate the economy at
home, without. weakening the dollar
Your the speed in on commin
abroad? when fiscalared - who showed writaning we are action muddix
-
With the necessity of maintaining
our competitive position in the world,
what should be the price and wage
policies of our basic industries?
Is there a public interest in such price
and wage decisions, and, if so,
3xx 32
These are the problems that we
should be talking about -- the real
problems of our age. They cannot be
solved by incantations from the forgotten
past. But the example of Western Europe
shows that they are capable of solution --
and many of them are
that governments, XX*XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
conservative governments,
XXXXXXXXXXXX prepared to face technical
problems without ideological
preconceptions, can coordinate the
elements of a national economy to bring
about unexampled growth and prosperity.
Some conversations I have recently
heard -- and overheard -- in our own
country sound like old records,
35
though up to now somewhat barren, may
represent the start of a serious dialogue
of the kind which has led in Europe to
such fruitful collaboration among all the
and Tha deends 2 unnewaled economic program
elements of economic society But let us
not engage in the wrong argument at the
wrong time between the wrong people in
the wrong country -- while the real
problems of our own time grow and multiply,
fertilized by our neglect.
Nearly 150 years ago Thomas Jefferson
wrote, "The new circumstances under which
we are placed call for new words, new
phrases, and for the transfer of old words
to new objects." That is our need today --
and it should also be our ambition --
36
to replace imaginary issues by real, and
tired slogans by fresh insight. As we
work in concert to meet the authentic
problems of our own time, we will
generate an energy and vision which will
demonstrate anew to the world the superior
vitality and strength of the free society.
To the educator and the educated
alike, I would say that I can imagine no
more stirring responsibility -- and no more
exciting challenge.
THE
PRESIDENT
1-
I am tald that
Joch whiten is
on the platform
me] B
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 10, 1962
MEMORANDUM FOR
THE PRESIDENT
YALE NOTES
Yale and New Haven are at a high pitch of excitement
in anticipation of your visit. The only hazard in sight is that it may
rain.
You will be in the hands of Whitney Griswold, who is a
genuinely delightful man -- funny and bright and gallant (he has staged
a genuinely miraculous recovery from abdominal cancer in the last
year). He is a historian (of U. S. diplomacy in the Far East) and
also a political scientist (on farming and democracy). He has run
Yale since 1950, and he is just taking it over the top of a 47,000,000
capital drive. He is more a supporter of ours than not, and he wrote
you particular thanks at the time when you sent good wishes to Roger
Blough.
I attach a list of the others receiving honorary degrees.
Their citations will tell you more about them, but I have put in a few
notes that may relate to your particular interest.
ml. B.
McG. B.
ORDER FOR
HONORARY DEGREE RECIPIENTS
Harold Koppel Hochschild
M. A.
Head of Afro-American Institute - a good
funnel of aid to Africa
Harvey Brooks
Sc. D.
Dean of Applied Science at Harvard - - we
tried to get him for the job Haworth now
has on the AEC, and he helps Wiesner in
a lot of ways -- a wise and good man.
Rollin Douglas Hotchkiss
Sc. D.
Rockefeller Institute
Gustave Weigel, S. J.
D. D.
A leading young Catholic thinker
Eugene Carson Blake
D. D.
The chief Presbyterian
Josef Albers
D. F. A.
Bauhaus painter
Artur Rubenstein
Mus. D.
Frank Owen Heywood Williams
L. L. D.
Yale's chief money-raiser
Edward Larned Ryerson
L.L.D.
He is a retired Inland Steel
executive
Norman Sydney Buck
LL. D.
Yale's retired Provost
Charles Edwin Clark
LLD
Former Dean of Yale Law School
and Circuit Judge
Prescott Sheldon Bush
LL.D.
Dean Gooderham Acheson
LL.D.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
LL.D.
1,
00
J
YALE UNIVERSITY
Luncheon for Honorary Degree Recipients
JUNE II, 1962
MAINE LOBSTER - MAYONNAISE
PASCAL CELERY HEARTS - - CALIFORNIA CARROT STICKS
OLIVES
ROAST FILLET OF BEEF
ASPARAGUS SPEARS
SALAD
STRAWBERRIES
PASTRIES
COFFEE
YALE UNIVERSITY
TWO HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST
COMMENCEMENT
JUNE THE ELEVENTH
NINETEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-TWO
[1] R
on
NIN
Ó
Д
g g
LUX ET VERITAS
NEW HAVEN . CONNECTICUT
ORDER OF EXERCISES
CHIMES-
Harkness Tower Guild of Bellringers
TOWER MUSIC-Proud Heritage, William Latham
PROCESSIONAL-Toccata Marziale, Vaughan Williams
The Connecticut Concert Band
WILLIAM HUDSON, Mus.M., Conductor
PRAYER
The Reverend WILLIAM SLOANE COFFIN, JR., B.D.
Chaplain of the University
PRESENTATION OF CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES FROM THE UNDERGRADUATE
SCHOOLS
Bachelor of Arts
William Clyde DeVane, PH.D., LITT.D., LL.D.
Bachelor of Science
Dean of Yale College
Bachelor of Engineering
Felix Zweig, PH.D.
Bachelor of Science
Dean of the School of Engineering
PRESENTATION OF CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSIONS IN THE ARMED SERVICES OF
THE UNITED STATES
In the United States Army and
Lieutenant Colonel James H. McCord, U.S.A.
Army Reserve
Professor of Military Science and Tactics
In the United States Navy and
Naval Reserve, Marine Corps,
Captain Samuel G. Jones, U.S.N.
and Marine Corps Reserve
Professor of Naval Science
PRESENTATION OF CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES FROM THE PROFESSIONAL AND
GRADUATE SCHOOLS
Bachelor of Fine Arts
Bachelor of Architecture
Master of Fine Arts
Paul Marvin Rudolph, M.ARCH.
Master of Architecture
Chairman of the Department of Architecture
Master of City Planning
Master of Fine Arts
Fayette Curtis Canfield, L.H.D., LL.D.
Doctor of Fine Arts
Dean of the School of Drama
Master of Music
Luther Noss, MUS.M.
Dean of the School of Music
Bachelor of Divinity
Master of Arts in Religion
The Rev. Charles William Forman, S.T.M., PH.D.
Master of Sacred Theology
Acting Dean of the Divinity School
Certificate in Nurse-Midwifery
Florence Schorske Wald, M.N.
Master of Science in Nursing
Dean of the School of Nursing
Master of Forestry
George Alfred Garratt, M.F., PH.D., SC.D.
Doctor of Forestry
Dean of the School of Forestry
Bachelor of Laws
Master of Laws
Eugene Victor Rostow, LL.B., M.A.
Doctor of the Science of Law
Dean of the Law School
2
Certificate in Transportation
Master of Arts in Teaching
John Perry Miller, PH.D.
Master of Science
Dean of the Graduate School
Master of Arts
Master of Engineering
Master of
Felix Zweig, PH.D.
Industrial Administration
Dean of the School of Engineering
Doctor of Engineering
Master of Public Health
Vernon William Lippard, M.D., SC.D.
Doctor of Medicine
Dean of the School of Medicine
Doctor of Philosophy
John Perry Miller, PH.D.
Dean of the Graduate School
PSALM LXV-rork Tune
At the opening of the first College building erected in New Haven, in 1718, the congregation united in singing
Psalm LXV, in Sternhold and Hopkins' version.
Thy praise alone, O Lord, doth reign
With strength Thou art beset about,
in Sion Thine own hill:
and compast with Thy pow'r:
Their vows to Thee they do maintain,
Thou mak'st the mountains strong and stout,
and evermore fulfill.
to stand in ev'ry show'r.
Of Thy great justice hear, O God,
The folk that dwell thro'out the earth
our health of Thee doth rise:
shall dread Thy signs to see:
The hope of all the earth abroad,
Which morn and ev'ning with great mirth
and the sea-coasts likewise.
send praises up to Thee.
CONFERRING OF HONORARY DEGREES
ALFRED WHITNEY GRISWOLD, PH.D., LL.D.
President of Yale University
ADDRESS
JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY, Sc.D., LL.D.
President of the United States
HYMN-Duke Street
O God, beneath Thy guiding hand,
Laws, freedom, truth, and faith in God
Our exiled fathers crossed the sea,
Came with those exiles o'er the waves,
And when they trod the wintry strand,
And where their pilgrim feet have trod,
With prayer and psalm they worshipped Thee.
The God they trusted guards their graves.
Thou heard'st, well pleased, the song, the prayer,
And here Thy name, O God of love,
Thy blessing came; and still its power
Their children's children shall adore,
Shall onward through all ages bear
Till these eternal hills remove,
The memory of that holy hour.
And spring adorns the earth no more.
The Reverend Leonard Bacon, B.A. Yale 1820
BENEDICTION
The Reverend GARDINER MUMFORD Day, D.D.
Fellow of the Corporation
CHIMES-
RECESSIONAL-Canzona, Peter Mennin
GUESTS ARE ASKED TO REMAIN AT THEIR SEATS UNTIL ALL THE
GRADUATES HAVE LEFT THE CAMPUS
3
HONORARY DEGREES
At each Commencement certain distinguished persons are selected by the Corporation to receive
honorary degrees. These are announced, one by one, by Kingman Brewster, Jr., Provost, and a citation is
read by the President concluding with the conferring of the degree. As the President says, "Yale confers
upon you the degree of
", the appropriate hood is placed upon the recipient by
the Corporation Marshal assisted by the Chief Marshal. The President then presents the recipient with
his diploma mounted in a blue leather case.
The following will be awarded degrees today (former Yale degrees are indicated):
Master of Arts
Harold Koppel Hochschild, B.A. 1912, Business Executive and Historian
Doctor of Science
Harvey Brooks, B.A. 1937, Dean of Engineering and Applied Physics, Harvard
University
Doctor of Science
Rollin Douglas Hotchkiss, B.S. 1932, Ph.D. 1935, Rockefeller Institute for Medi-
cal Research
Doctor of Divinity
The Reverend Gustave Weigel, S.J., Professor of Ecclesiology, Woodstock College
Doctor of Divinity
The Reverend Eugene Carson Blake, Stated Clerk of the United Presbyterian
Church, U.S.A.
Doctor of Fine Arts Josef Albers, M.A. Hon. 1950, Professor Emeritus of Art, Yale University
Doctor of Music
Artur Rubinstein, Pianist
Doctor of Laws
Frank Owen Heywood Williams, B.S. 1922, National Chairman, Yale's Program
for the Arts and Sciences
Doctor of Laws
Edward Larned Ryerson, Ph.B. 1908, M.A. Hon. 1932, Industrialist and Civic
Leader
Doctor of Laws
Norman Sydney Buck, B.A. 1913, Ph.D. 1922, Provost Emeritus, Yale University
Doctor of Laws
Charles Edward Clark, B.A. 1911, LL.B. 1913, M.A. Hon. 1923, Retired Chief
Judge, United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit
Doctor of Laws
Prescott Sheldon Bush, B.A. 1917, M.A. Hon. 1944, United States Senator from
Connecticut
Doctor of Laws
Dean Gooderham Acheson, B.A. 1915, M.A. Hon. 1936, Former United States
Secretary of State
Doctor of Laws
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, President of the United States
4
ACADEMIC PROCESSION AND CEREMONY
Chief Marsbal, Richard L. Purdy
Corporation Marsbal, Frederick W. Hilles
Procession Marsbal, Loomis Havemeyer
Assistant Corporation Marsbal, Robert A. Toti
Procession Guide, Benjamin C. Nangle
Old Campus Marshal, George D. Vaill
UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGES
JONATHAN
BERKELEY
EDWARDS
Master, Charles A. Walker
Master, Beekman C. Cannon
Faculty Marsbals, Daniel H. Kiely
Faculty Marsbal, Erwin R. Goodenough
Alexander M. Witherspoon
BRANFORD
PIERSON
Master, George A. Schrader, Jr.
Master, Quincy Porter
Faculty Marshal, Richard R. Shank
Faculty Marshal, Eugene M. Waith
CALHOUN
SAYBROOK
Master, The Rev. B. Davie Napier
Master, Basil D. Henning
Faculty Marsbal, George Nordmeyer
Faculty Marshal, Thomas A. Noble
DAVENPORT
SILLIMAN
Master, Daniel Merriman
Master, Luther Noss
Faculty Marsbal, Leonard W. Labaree
Faculty Marsbal, John J. E. Palmer
TIMOTHY
TRUMBULL
DWIGHT
Master, John S. Nicholas
Master, Thomas G. Bergin
Faculty Marshal, Howard B. Garey
Faculty Marsbal, Charles Garside, Jr.
FACULTY MARSHALS FOR GRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS
Art and Architecture, Walter DeS. Harris, Jr.
Drama, Edward C. Cole
Music, Donald R. Currier
Divinity, The Rev. Gaylord B. Noyce
Nursing, Elizabeth A. McGarry
Forestry, Albert C. Worrell
Law, Charles Runyon
Engineering, John G. Skalnik
Medicine, Thomas R. Forbes
Graduate, M.A. and M.S., George P. Springer
Ph.D., Charles H. Taylor
5
SENIOR APPOINTMENTS IN YALE COLLEGE
Philosophical Orations
BACHELORS OF ARTS
Timothy Howard Boyer
Marvin Allen Eisengart
Curtis Stephen Howard
Barry Mitchell Smoler
Stephen Bruce Clark
George Jacques Grumbach, Jr.
Richard David Portes
Robert Edmund Tully
Richard Stephen Doeblin
Nicholas James Gubser
Paul Arnold Robinson
James Tyler
Louie Samuel Echols, III
Errol Gaston Hill
Stuart Jay Sidney
Joseph Leslie Young
BACHELORS OF SCIENCE
Franklin Fan-Keung Cheung
Gilbert Harlan Daniels
Alfred Goodman Gilman
Joseph Buckley Lambert
Richard James Cross, Jr.
Robert Grandin Stokstad
High Orations
BACHELORS OF ARTS
Thomas Max Achenbach
Edward Bromwell Freeman, Jr. Robert Lewis Leff
James Henry Russ
Jack Franklin Adler, Jr.
Neal Blackwell Freeman
Lance Malcolm Liebman
Jon Leonard Saari
Donald Harman Akenson
James Knoll Gardner
Roger William Lipsey
Peter Churchill Saccio
George Arthur Akerlof
Robert Carr George
James Michael Litvack
Thomas Price Saine
Jeffrey Howard Antevil
Pierce Joseph Gerety, Jr.
Kenneth Alan Lockridge
Stephen Mark Sales
Arthur James Ashe, III
Robert Alan Glick
David William Loving
David Edward Scharff
Andrew David Ball
Paul Timothy Gorman
Thomas Craig Loynd
Robert Alan Schwartz
Chaplin Bradford Barnes
Benjamin Ira Gottlieb
Michael David Lutz
Lewis Baker Shepley
Peter Barnes
Joseph Francis Graham, III
Christopher Lydon
William Upjohn Shipley
Barry Llewellyn Blose
James Leland Grove
Richard Alan Markus
Louis Linfield Simon
William Hahn Blose
Ferdinand John Hagele, III
David Balfour Meil
Henry DeWitt Smith, II
Bruce Jeffrey Brener
Roy Theodore Hammer, Jr.
Richard Thorpe Menn
Robert Abernethy Smith, Jr.
Michael David Bristol
James Stephen Hazlett
Stephen Jon Miko
William Hamilton Smith, III
David Anderson Brownlee
Jack Edward Henderson, Jr.
Harry East Miller, III
James DeWitt Stein, Jr.
David Barry Brudnoy
David William Hershey
Richard Milsten
Philip Robert Stewart
Stephen Worcester Buck
Michael David Hess
Hooshang Nasr
William Merrell Stott
William Michael Carleton
Kennedy Thoen Hill
Andrew Eugene Naylor
Edward Lynde Strohbehn, Jr.
Eric Gustav Carlson
Richard John Howard
Scott Haviland Nelson
Stephen Zehring Surridge
John Wayne Carr
Rodney John Hunter
Edward John O'Keefe
Stephen Daily Susman
Roger Stewart Clapp
Frederic William Ilfeld, Jr.
Robert Godfrey Oliver
Willard Baldwin Taylor
George Nickerson Clements
Robert Grant Irving
Bruce Steven Pansey
Nathan Maxson Terry, Jr.
Robert Tweed Connery
Robert Lewis Jackson
Lee Willing Patterson
Robert Berne Titus
Roger Pelton Craig
Herbert Clement Jurgeleit
Donaldson Clark Pillsbury
Jacob Allen Toby
Robert Morse Crunden
Carl Frederick Kaestle
Thomas Franklin Potter
Richard Bruce Trimble
Robert Edward Daggy
Daniel Hipwell Kane, Jr.
Kent Ravenscroft, Jr.
Charles Gerald Uznikian
Anthony Alexander Dean
Michael Kane
Fred Martin Reames
Theodore Wattley Volckhausen
Cyrus Peter Durgin
Alan Mitchell Kapuler
Hugh Higbee Redford
William David Wachsberger
Kenneth John Edwards
Howard Herschel Kaufman
John Richard Richards
Ward Belfield Watt
Charles Lowrey Elkins
James Holland Keaten
Burgert Smith Roberts
Allan Joseph Weinstein
George Aspinwall Evans, Jr.
Edward Francis Kelly
Robert Howard Rodgers, Jr.
James Foster Whipple
Ronald Charles Federico
James Montgomery Kelly, III
Robert Rosenkranz
Henry German Will
Peter Malcolm Fitzer
Michael Lee Kern
Stephen Frank Rosenthal
David Wood Wills
Michael de Vlaming Flinn
Neil David Kornzweig
John Michael Ross
William Clyde Wright, Jr.
Richard Wayne Fox
Tadahisa Kuroda
Ross Rudolph
Richard Wallace Ziebarth
BACHELORS OF SCIENCE
Mark Arnold Cohan
Robert Braine Hempstead
Daniel Warner North
Thomas Anderson Standish, III
Henry Byron Garrison
Bertil Hille
Robert Eric Shultz
Robert Howell Williams
Dirk Kurt Greineder
Charles Edward Johnson
Bernard George Silbernagel
Edward Charles Yarosh
Arthur Foster Hebard
6
HONORS IN YALE COLLEGE
Honors With Exceptional Distinction
Thomas Max Achenbach, Psychology
Joseph Buckley Lambert, Chemistry
Timothy Howard Boyer, Physics
Lance Malcolm Liebman, Politics and Economics
William Michael Carleton, Zoology
Harry East Miller, III, Russian Studies
Franklin Fan-Keung Cheung, Physics
Bruce Steven Pansey, French
Richard James Cross, Jr., Chemistry
Richard David Portes, Mathematics
Gilbert Harlan Daniels, Biochemistry
Thomas Franklin Potter, Mathematics
Richard Stephen Doeblin, Classics
Robert Rosenkranz, Economics
Marvin Allen Eisengart, Scholar of the House
Stuart Jay Sidney, Mathematics
Alfred Goodman Gilman, Biochemistry
Barry Mitchell Smoler, Chinese Studies
Robert Alan Glick, History, the Arts, and Letters
Philip Robert Stewart, French
Joseph Francis Graham, III, French
Robert Grandin Stokstad, Physics
Nicholas James Gubser, Scholar of the House
Robert Edmund Tully, Scholar of the House
Bertil Hille, Zoology
David Wood Wills, History
Charles Edward Johnson, Physics
Joseph Leslie Young, Psychology
Alan Mitchell Kapuler, Scholar of the House
High Honors
George Arthur Akerlof, Economics and Mathematics
Daniel Warner North, Physics
Arthur James Ashe, III, Chemistry
Edward John O'Keefe, Biophysics
Chaplin Bradford Barnes, History, the Arts, and
Robert Godfrey Oliver, History
Letters
Lee Willing Patterson, English
William Hahn Blose, Anthropology
Kent Ravenscroft, Jr., Scholar of the House
Adelbert K Charles, Jr., Economics
Fred Martin Reames, Physics
George Nickerson Clements, Art
John Richard Richards, English
Cyrus Peter Durgin, Philosophy
Burgert Smith Roberts, Scholar of the House
Paul Timothy Gorman, Political Science and Phi-
Stephen Frank Rosenthal, History of Art
losophy
Peter Churchill Saccio, Philosophy
Dirk Kurt Greineder, Biochemistry
Robert Alan Schwartz, Mathematics and Physics
James Leland Grove, English
Edward Robert Shapiro, Russian Language and
Arthur Foster Hebard, Physics
Literature
Robert Braine Hempstead, Physics
William Upjohn Shipley, Culture and Behavior
Michael David Hess, Political Science
Robert Eric Shultz, Biochemistry
Kennedy Thoen Hill, Psychology
Louis Linfield Simon, American Studies
Frederic William Ilfeld, Jr., Culture and Behavior
Thomas Anderson Standish, III, Mathematics
James Holland Keaten, Economics
James DeWitt Stein, Jr., Mathematics
Edward Francis Kelly, Scholar of the House
Edward Lynde Strohbehn, Jr., Political Science
Klaus Dieter Kertess, History of Art
Willard Baldwin Taylor, Political Science
Jonathan Alan King, Zoology
Robert Berne Titus, Political Science
Neil David Kornzweig, Culture and Behavior
Ward Belfield Watt, Scholar of the House
James Michael Litvack, Economics
Henry German Will, Political Science
David Balfour Meil, Philosophy
Robert Howell Williams, Physics
Stephen Jon Miko, History, the Arts, and Letters
Honors
Moulton Loyal Andrus, Architecture
Stephen Taylor Falk, Solid State Science
John Wayne Carr, English
Alexander Daniel Garvin, Architecture
Kenneth Thomas Cascone, Political Science
Roy Theodore Hammer, Jr., English
Robert Morse Crunden, Scholar of the House
Philip Bradley Harrison, Ancient History
Robert Edward Daggy, History
Michael Lawrence Horigan, American Studies
William Albert Dunson, Zoology
Alexander Pope Humphrey, IV, History
Louie Samuel Echols, III, History
Rodney John Hunter, English
Anthony Owens Edmonds, History
Robert Grant Irving, History
(Honors continued on page 8)
7
(Honors continued)
Norman Ervin Jackson, Jr., Architecture
Gary Earl Richardson, Literature and Philosophy
Herbert Clement Jurgeleit, Chemistry
Paul Arnold Robinson, History
Daniel Hipwell Kane, Jr., Physics and Philosophy
John Michael Ross, Culture and Behavior
Charles Jessop Le Vine, Physics and Philosophy
William Gregory Snavely, Scholar of the House
Charles Gould Morris, II, Psychology
Charles Gerald Uznikian, History
Donald Arthur Nichols, Economics
Nicholaas Johannes van der Merwe, Anthropology
Donaldson Clark Pillsbury, History
Robert Peel White, Anthropology
Larry Speers Price, Economics
John Ellis Knowles Wisner, Classics
Donald John Richard, Culture and Behavior
HONORS IN THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING WITH HONORS
Highest Honors
Toby Berger, Electrical Engineering
Anthony Francis Giamei, Metallurgy
High Honors
Gary Allen Cunningham, Civil Engineering
John Frederick Knutson, Electrical Engineering
Douglas Daetz, Electrical Engineering
John William McCredie, Jr., Mechanical Engineering
George Anthony Gorry, Jr., Chemical Engineering
Edward Karl Morlok, Jr., Mechanical Engineering
Honors
Robert Peter Anathan, Electrical Engineering
Charles Lee Huston, Civil Engineering
Richard Murray Gale, Chemical Engineering
Samuel Henry Knoll, Chemical Engineering
John Forest Harkness, Mechanical Engineering
Nathan Richmond Melhorn, Electrical Engineering
Loren Richard Haury, Mechanical Engineering
Arthur Llewellyn Roberts, 3d, Mechanical Engineer-
Francis Sherburne Hill, Jr., Electrical Engineering
ing
Robert Neilson Hubby, Mechanical Engineering
DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE WITH HONORS
Highest Honors
Charles Whiting Van Winkle, Industrial Administration
High Honors
Clayton Paul Alderfer, Industrial Administration
Douglas Thompson Hall, Industrial Administration
Honors
Robert Anthony Altemeyer, Industrial Administra-
Stephen Charles Iman, Industrial Administration
tion
Ronald Erik Johnson, Industrial Administration
8
CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES
Members of the Graduating Class in Yale College
BACHELORS OF ARTS
Thomas Max Achenbach
Geoffrey Forsythe Bogeaus
Sherman Bay Chickering
John Franklin Adams, III
Howard Preston Boggess
Henry Clay Childs
Timothy Adams
Lee Garrison Bolman
Thomas Southworth Childs, Jr.
Jack Franklin Adler, Jr.
Lorin Albert Boswell, Jr.
Norman Victor Chimenti
Donald Harman Akenson
Haralambos Vassilios Botsis
Garretson Wade Chinn
George Arthur Akerlof
James Abbot Bowditch
Joseph Alsop Chubb
David Gordon Alden
B.E. Yale University 1961.
Roger Stewart Clapp
Richard Keith Alguire
John Wilson Bowman
Hervey Parke Clark, Jr.
Normand Francis Allen, II
Timothy Howard Boyer
Peter Lanman Clark
Ernesto Alvarez
Willis Boothe Boyer, Jr.
Stephen Bruce Clark
Oakley Vander Poel Andrews
Colin Irving Bradford, Jr.
Rufus Gordon Clay
Moulton Loyal Andrus
Charles Edwin Brainard, Jr.
George Nickerson Clements
Terry Edward Ansnes
John Henry Brandt
Sherman Gilbert Cochran
Jeffrey Howard Antevil
Bruce Jeffrey Brener
Robert Tweed Connery
Frederick William Appell, Jr.
Michael David Bristol
Gerard Lawrence Conway
Ralph David Arkush
Brent Cruse Brolin
James Scott Cook
Arthur James Ashe, III
Thomas Kimball Brooker
William Ewald Cook
Jonathan Allen Ater
Tristam Anthony Brooks
Christopher Thayer Cory
Louis Girard Audette, II
Boyd Paterno Brown, Jr.
Richard Clarence Cowan
Sanford Eldon Avner
Morgan Scott Brown
Roger Pelton Craig
Frank Hanes Ayres
Roscoe Willett Browne
John Campbell Crary
Bruce McDaniel Babcock
David Anderson Brownlee
Warren Earl Crews
Henry Denison Babcock, Jr.
David Barry Brudnoy
Terrence Lee Croft
Samuel Hutchins Back
Richard Ronald Bruning
David Pillsbury Crosby
Lee V Bakunin
Michael Alan Brush
Robert Morse Crunden
Thayer Baldwin, Jr.
Paul Joseph Bschorr
Bertram Beach Culver, III
Andrew David Ball
Stephen Worcester Buck
Allan Smith Cunningham
Donald William Banks, Jr.
Kevin Paul Buckley
James McAllister Curtis
Mark Andre Barber
Arthur Crane Burdett
Thomas McKeen Cutler
John French Barlow
Van Vechten Burger, Jr.
Robert Edward Daggy
Richard Kirby Barlow
Paul Gerhardt Bursiek, Jr.
William Denis Damour
Chaplin Bradford Barnes
Robert Alan Burton
Stephen Samuel Danetz
Peter Barnes
Samuel Marshall Busselle
Herbert Ashton Danner
Neiel Donald Baronberg
John Frederic Byers, III
John Bartlett Davies, Jr.
George Theophilos Basil
Bernard Alexander Campbell, Jr.
Richard Ralph Davis
James Elwood Bayne
Kenneth David Campbell
Richard Slaton Davis
Thomas Hunt Belknap
Russell Paul Canevazzi
Anthony Alexander Dean
James Halsey Bell
John Gilbert Hubbard Cant
Philippe Jean de Chabert-Ostland
Peter Dexter Bell
Cameron Carey
Henry Taylor Dechert
Mitchell Benedict, III
William Michael Carleton
Herbert Franklin Decker
Peter Evans Berry
Eric Gustav Carlson
Michael Helme de Havenon
William Porter Bestor
Alexander Soutar Carney
Victor Joseph DeMarco
Robert William Beynart
Robert Ruliph Morgan
Frank Edward Devine
David Brewster Bingham
Carpenter, III
Gerard Ely DeVoe
Douglas Knox Bingham
John Wayne Carr
John Michael Dienhart
Douglas Keith Bissell
Michael LeGrand Carr
Mihai Dinu Dimancescu
Matthew Wilson Black, Jr.
Richard Cushman Carroll, Jr.
Loren Neil Divinsky
Richard David Bland
James Arthur Carthaus
Grant Michael Dixon
Lawrence Eugene Blonsky
Kenneth Thomas Cascone
Edward Howard Dodd, III
Carl Abbott Bloomberg
Breaux Ballard Castleman
Richard Stephen Doeblin
Barry Llewellyn Blose
John William Cavo, Jr.
Albert James Donohue
William Hahn Blose
Albert Morton Chambers, Jr.
John Nelson Dowling
John William Blouch
John Stuart Chapman
William Albert Edward Doying
Dennis Hull Blumer
Adelbert K Charles, Jr.
Joseph Alexander Doyle, III
Erwin William Boehmler, Jr.
William Lenox Chenoweth
David Nelson Dunn
9
Archibald Robertson Dunning, II
Benjamin Ira Gottlieb
Frederic Masters Holloway, Jr.
Cyrus Peter Durgin
John MacLeod Gourlie
Joseph Horne Holmes, III
Felix Peter Dzwonkoski, Jr.
Steffen William Graae
Clyde Finley Holt
Edward Francis Eagan
Joseph Francis Graham, III
Sherman David Holtzman
Louie Samuel Echols, III
John Yates Cebra Graves
David Cloyd Honneus
Anthony Owens Edmonds
Burton Craige Gray
Michael Lawrence Horigan
Kenneth John Edwards
Frank Christian Gray
Peter Ramsey Horton
Charles Rice Eisendrath
Robert Wing Gray
Michael Otto Houlahan
Marvin Allen Eisengart
Michael Truman Greely
Oliver Marshall Houx
Eric Cooper Eitreim
Robert Beckett Green
David Allan Hovland
Charles Lowrey Elkins
William Merritt Green
Curtis Stephen Howard
Douglas Richardson Elliott
Allan Brewster Greenwood
John Brewster Howard
Dwight Warren Ellis, III
Jan Paul Greer
Richard John Howard
Lewis Earle Lee Elsey
Peter Conner Greer
Donald Robert Howe
Aaron Etra
John Mercer Greiner
William Winthrop Hoyt
Charles Frazier Evans
James Gerald Griffin
Edward Allen Hubbard
George Aspinwall Evans, Jr.
John Dudley Griffin
Elijah Kent Hubbard, III
David Parry Ewing
Matthew Bertram Grob
Gardner Kirk Hudson, II
Richard Monroe Fairbanks, III
William George Gross, IV
Kent Higgon Hughes
Gordon Ramsay Fairburn
James Leland Grove
Robert Wyatt Hull
Thomas Gilbert Falco
George Jacques Grumbach, Jr.
Alexander Pope Humphrey, IV
Ronald Charles Federico
Nicholas James Gubser
Rodney John Hunter
William Anthony Feuchtwanger
Frederick Alvin Guilford
Jeremy Pearce Hurley
David Raymond Finkle
Richard Carl Habermann
Frederic William Ilfeld, Jr.
Paul Corby Finney
Ferdinand John Hagele, III
Robert Grant Irving
John Edwin Fisher
Martin deMora Hale
Dennis Miles Jackson
Lawrence Stephen Fisher
Stephen Dickson Hall
Herrick Jackson
Peter Malcolm Fitzer
Michael Francis Halloran
Norman Ervin Jackson, Jr.
Clark Schley Fitzmorris, Jr.
Andrew Steven Halperin
Robert Lewis Jackson
Charles Augustine Flinn, Jr.
John Marshall Hamilton
Clarence Abbot Jacobson
Michael deVlaming Flinn
William Hamilton
Derick Churchill January
David Lippincott Fobes
Roy Theodore Hammer, Jr.
Alden Ferriss Jenks
Douglas MacMurray Fox
Noel Erskine Hanf, Jr.
Alan Werness Johnson
Richard Wayne Fox
Edward Wilhelm Hard, Jr.
Alexander Bryan Johnson, III
Karl Dennison Frank
David Scott Hardenbergh
David Gregory Johnson
John Edward Franz
Kenneth Roberts Harding
Dudley Paul Johnson
Edward Bromwell Freeman, Jr.
Philip Bradley Harrison
Jon Paul Johnson
Neal Blackwell Freeman
Richard Bresee Hart, Jr.
Paul Richard Johnson
Jan Peter Fugal
Richard Huson Hart
Theodore Condé Johnson
Michael Cram Fulenwider
Robert Arnold Hartley
Michael Ferguson Johnston
Denny Albert Fuller
John Davis Hatch, III
Peter Andrew Jolma
James Howard Gambrill
Charles Robert Hayes
Alf Jordan
James Knoll Gardner
John Hopkins Hayward, Jr.
Samuel Hart Joseloff
Arthur Jerome Garvey
James Stephen Hazlett
Herbert Clement Jurgeleit
Alexander Daniel Garvin
Kendrick Heath
Gordon Edward Kaake
John Davis Gates
James Endre Helgeson
Carl Frederick Kaestle
Robert Carr George
Hanes Ayres Heller
Martin Ira Kaminsky
Pierce Joseph Gerety, Jr.
David Van Scoyoc Hemphill
Daniel Hipwell Kane, Jr.
John Herbert Christian Gervers
Jack Edward Henderson, Jr.
Michael Kane
Peter Douglas Gibbons
James Harold Heroy, III
Steven Barry Kaplan
Perry Joseph Gibbs, III
David William Hershey
Alan Mitchell Kapuler
William Henry Gilbert, III
Michael David Hess
Howard Herschel Kaufman
Robert Alan Glick
Errol Gaston Hill
Francis Kazumi Kawasaki
Peter Lawrence Gluck
John Howard Hill
James Holland Keaten
Paul Allen Godburn
Kennedy Thoen Hill
Deane Galloway Keller
Michael Alan Golden
James Lawrence Hiney
Daniel John Kelly
Edwin Andrew Goodman
Joseph Howard Hinnant
Edward Francis Kelly
Neil Goodwin
Brian Thomas Hogan
James Montgomery Kelly, III
Andrew Thompson Goodyear
Walter Petrie Holbrook
Paul Lance Kelly
Robert Henri Gordon, Jr.
Henry Thompson Holland
Robert Dale Kemp, Jr.
Paul Timothy Gorman
John Roger Hollister
Michael Lee Kern
IO
Douglas Santee Kerr
Theodore Dungan Mandelkorn
Frank DeSales O'Reilly, III
Klaus Dieter Kertess
Arthur Kenneth Mann
Kenneth Corman Otis, Jr.
James Kieran Killelea
John Hatch Mann
Allen Ray Overmyer
Herbert Donald Kirkland, III
Kim Dennehey Mann
David Lee Page
Timothy Edwin Kish
Robert Lee Mannaberg
Barton Palatnick
Ralph Leland Kissick
Richard Alan Markus
Robert Bolling Palmer
Whitman Everett Knapp
John Stuart Marr
Bruce Steven Pansey
Charles Foster Knight
Thomas Sykes Mason
John Fairbanks Partridge, Jr.
James Hughes Knowles, Jr.
Michael Bailey Maw
Lee Willing Patterson
Lewis Anderson Knox
Peter Edward Maxim
Clyde Lee Patton, Jr.
Kurt George Koegler
Robert Smith Meehan
James Overby Pearson, Jr.
William John Koenig
David Balfour Meil
Arthur John Peck, Jr.
Daniel Meir Koenigsberg
Frederick James Meine, Jr.
Daniel Bernheim Penner
Neil David Kornzweig
Richard Thorpe Menn
Edward Andrew Perell
Alexander David Kovel
John Robert Merrick
Peter Manuel Perez
Tadahisa Kuroda
Abel Alberto Mestre
Vincent Walker Perini
Richard Bruce Lakein
Donald Alexander Metz, Jr.
Scott Hovey Peterson
Angelo Salvatore La Mantia
Burton Frederick Metzger
Edward Bayne Phillips
Stephen Sycle Lash
George Christian Meyer, III
Donaldson Clark Pillsbury
James Harrison Lassiter, Jr.
Charles Thomson Michener
John Robert Pirozzolo
Roger Myles Lauer
Stephen Jon Miko
John Dennis Pitts
Robert Eaton LeFevre
David Northup Miles
Rutherford Hayes Platt, Jr.
Robert Lewis Leff
David Spencer Miller
Charles Martin Pleuthner, Jr.
Charles Jessop LeVine
Harry East Miller, III
William George Polinsky, Jr.
Robert Alan Lew
Victor Brooke Miller
Robert Spotswood Pollard, Jr.
James Andrew Lewis
Charles Gardner Mills, IV
Richard David Portes
Peter Carlton Lewis
James Gordon Mills
Charles Conrad Post
Lance Malcolm Liebman
Richard Milsten
Thomas Franklin Potter
John Richard Light
John Paul Minneman
Larry Speers Price
Thomas Bryant Ligon
John Grey Montgomery
Lawrence Ward Prince
Derek Ludlow Limbocker
Davis Willett Moore, Jr.
David Marc Pritzker
John Philip Linfoot
Michael Crary Moore
Philip George Proctor
Roger William Lipsey
William Henry Moore, III
Robert Projansky
Lawrence Martin Lipsher
Philip Sheridan Joseph Moriarty
Rodney Foulkner Quainton
James Michael Litvack
Charles Gould Morris, II
Richard Thackeray Radsch
Henry Philen Lobstein
William Henry Moses, III
Kent Ravenscroft, Jr.
Kenneth Alan Lockridge
Timothy Hayden Mulligan
Fred Martin Reames
Leif Anthony Lohrbauer
David Gill Murdock
Hugh Higbee Redford
James Theodore Long
Daniel Hayes Murphy, II
Roger Michael Reese
Jeffrey Harold Loria
Donald Bruce Murphy
William Kane Reilly
David William Loving
John Francis Murphy
Henry Salzman Resnik
Douglas Raymond Loving
Boyd Snodgrass Murray
Jonathan Michael Resnik
Thomas Craig Loynd
Robert André Murray
Paul Martin Ressinger
Thomas Walker Luckey
Hooshang Nasr
Bernard Gabriel Rethore
Stuart Darlington Ludlum, Jr.
Andrew Eugene Naylor
Michael William Rhode
John Edmund Lund, II
Daniel A Neary, Jr.
Simon Rich
Michael David Lutz
Scott Haviland Nelson
Donald John Richard
Christopher Lydon
Eli Herbert Newberger
David Edwin Richards
William Burr Lyon
Edgar Leon Newman
John Richard Richards
Brian Leon McCauley
Robert Carter Nicholas, III
Robert Charles Richards
Oliver McClintock, Jr.
Donald Arthur Nichols
Gary Earl Richardson
Edward Charles McConnell
Karl Morris Nickel
Stephen Bradway Ripley
Douglas Keith Macdonald
Edward Peterson Nolan
Richard Lee Riseling
Frank Lewis McGuire
Douglas McKay North
Edward Hutchinson Robbins
Louis Mackall, II
Anthony Ormond Nugent
Burgert Smith Roberts
Charles Dunn McKee
William Roger Nye
Douglas Burr Robinson, Jr.
Ellery Suydam McLanahan
Alfred Trecartin Ogden, II
Paul Arnold Robinson
Edward Eugene Madden
Edward John O'Keefe
William Spencer Robinson
Peter Hammond Madden
Robert Godfrey Oliver
Arne Robert Rode
William Joseph Madden
John Patrick Opladen
Philip August Roden
James Allan Magee
Alan Bailey Ordway
Robert Howard Rodgers, Jr.
II
Henry Edwin Rogers
Robert Abernethy Smith, Jr.
Henry Adams Truslow, III
James Traugott Rohner
William Hamilton Smith, III
Kenneth Jesse Tuggle
Marvin Stuart Romanoff
Barry Mitchell Smoler
Robert Edmund Tully
William Frederick Rope
William Gregory Snavely
Richard Donald Turner, Jr.
Stephen Lee Rose
George Runyon Snider, Jr.
James Tyler
Richard David Rosen
Christopher Snow
Michael Martin Uhlmann
Edward Leslie Rosenbaum
Dennis Chrisman Snyder
Charles Gerald Uznikian
Robert Rosenkranz
Stanford Irwin Snyder
Charles Eugene Valier, IV
Stephen Frank Rosenthal
Sceva Andrew Speare
Nicholaas Johannes van der Merwe
David Ross, III
Roderick Stanbery Speer
John Paul Van Ness
James Jarcho Ross
Duncan Choate Spencer
Theodore Wattley Volckhausen
John Michael Ross
Geoffrey Crosthwaite Spencer
William David Wachsberger
James Edward Rouse
Meriwether Lewis Spratlan, Jr.
John Mercer Walker, Jr.
Ross Rudolph
Mason Miller Sproul
John Joseph Walsh, Jr.
Emil Ernest Ruppé, III
Roger Wolcott Squire, Jr.
Henry Francis Wanning, III
James Henry Russ
Earl Hudson Staelin
Thomas John Warchol
Douglas Floyd Russell
Peter Ivan Stangl
Joseph Storer Warner
George Russell, Jr.
Stephen Frederick Starr
John Roy Warren
Jon Leonard Saari
James DeWitt Stein, Jr.
Samuel Atkinson Waterston
Peter Churchill Saccio
Peter Richard Stern
Ward Belfield Watt
Thomas Price Saine
John Harger Stewart
William Crawford Weeden
Gary Salenger
Philip Robert Stewart
William Carnes Weeks
Stephen Mark Sales
James Leroy Stiver
Roman Lee Weil, Jr.
Frank Nicholas Samponaro
Robert Lloyd Stivers
Allan Joseph Weinstein
Roscoe Nelson Sandlin, Jr.
Donald Wayne Stobs, Jr.
Zachary Wellman
Ramon Luis Santiago
Stuart Stoddard
Peter Hamlin Wells
David Edward Scharff
Roger Jeffery Stone
Robert Shirley Wells
Peter Eugene Schenck
William Willis Stork
Richard Hale Wendin
Gregory Carl Schmid
William Merrell Stott
Einar John Westerlund, Jr.
William Christian Schmidt, Jr.
Marshall Grout Streibert
Murray Wheeler, Jr.
George Washington Schoonmaker
Edward Lynde Strohbehn, Jr.
William Bishop Wheeler
Ronald Malloch Schroder, Jr.
Thomas Henry Sullivan
William Webb Wheeler, IV
Richard Daniel Schupbach
Stephen Zehring Surridge
James Foster Whipple
Ronald Townsend Schuster
Stephen Daily Susman
Craig Wescott Whitaker
Joseph Bernard Schwartz
Gerald Richard Swirsky
Arthur Francis White
Robert Alan Schwartz
Robert Hale Symonds
James Krantz White
Anthony Church Scoville
Dudley Sutphin Taft
Robert Peel White
David Charles Seigle
Willard Baldwin Taylor
John Wynn Wickenden
Michael Edmund Shaheen, Jr.
John Marks Templeton, Jr.
Frederic Wells Wilbur
Philip Sultan Shailer
Joseph Bodine Terbell, Jr.
Amos Tappan Wilder
Edward Robert Shapiro
Henry Porter Baldwin Terry, Jr.
Henry German Will
Lewis Baker Shepley
Nathan Maxson Terry, Jr.
Dyke Van Etten Williams
Stanford Lee Sherman
Roger Lyon Terry
Geoffrey Anders Williams
Thomas Leslie Sherman
George Avis Thatcher
Omer Stokes Jackson Williams
Walker Edmund Shields, Jr.
Philip Duncan Thomas, Jr.
William Williams, II
Conrad Crawford Shimer
Chandler Cowles Thompson
Thomas Fort Williamson
William Upjohn Shipley
Keith Nettleton Thompson
Bruce Donald Willis
Donald Curran Shoup
Shelby Miller Thompson
David Field Willis
B.E. Yale University 1961.
Edwin Thorne, Jr.
David Wood Wills
Richard James Shroyer
Jan Henrik Tillisch
Charles Steven Wilson
Stuart Jay Sidney
James Michael Tillotson
John August Wilson
Robert Clayton Simmers
Robert Berne Titus
Clark Joseph Winslow
Louis Linfield Simon
Jacob Allen Toby
John Ellis Knowles Wisner
Stephen Shope Sink
Richard Edwin Tolsdorf
Jeffrey Harris Woodward
David Clyde Siphron
David Russell Toole
Paul Marshall Wortman
Peter Warren Sipple
Paul Torop
Jeffrey Chapman Wright
David Paul Smay, III
Gair Tourtellot, III
William Clyde Wright, Jr.
David Barrett Smith
John Jacquelin Trask, Jr.
Andrew Henry Yost
Earl Milton Smith, Jr.
Richard Bruce Trimble
Charles Bellamy Young
George Edwin Smith
Thomas McIntyre Triplett
Joseph Leslie Young
Henry DeWitt Smith, II
Arthur Edmond Trotman
Thomas Gorsuch Young, III
I2
William David Youngerman
Richard Kaye Zeeman
Richard Laurence Zorn
Richard Brown Yules
Richard Wallace Ziebarth
Bernard Zucker
Frederick Anthony Zahn
Robert Barnes Zuckert
BACHELORS OF SCIENCE
Daniel Spencer Allan
Charles Theodore Grant
Charles William Neville
James Stuart Arnold, II
Dirk Kurt Greineder
Daniel Warner North
Raymond Milton Baker
Arthur Foster Hebard
Griffith Livingston Resor, III
Carl William Barth
Robert Braine Hempstead
Robert Blain Scheele
Joseph Augustus Blake, III
Bertil Hille
Carl Frederick Schiller
Robert Paul Breault
John Edward Hutchins
Robert Eric Shultz
Henry Robert Burger, III
John Ernest Johnnidis
Bernard George Silbernagel
Joseph Marshall Canter
Charles Edward Johnson
James William Slavin
Harry Jay Carr
Jonathan Alan King
Stuart Lawrence Sotman
Franklin Fan-Keung Cheung
John Slaven Kruger
Thomas Anderson Standish, III
Mark Arnold Cohan
Joseph Buckley Lambert
Robert Grandin Stokstad
Richard James Cross, Jr.
Micheal Joseph LeVine
Charles Howard Stringham
Gilbert Harlan Daniels
John Lee Livingston
Wyllys Terry, III
Rufus Spalding Day, III
Arnold Buist Lopez-Cepero
William Thomas Toal
William Albert Dunson
William Mallory McCormick
James Alan Wechsler
Stephen Taylor Falk
William Charles McMaster
Robert Howell Williams
Henry Byron Garrison
Ralph Gustavus Mancke
Edward Charles Yarosh
Alfred Goodman Gilman
Arthur Melvyn Nathanson
Jerome Aaron Yurow
Candidates for Degrees in the School of Engineering
BACHELORS OF ENGINEERING
Robert Powers Ainsworth
Anthony Francis Giamei
Richard Albert Madlener
Joseph Harry Akerman, Jr.
William Frederick Gieg
Nathan Richmond Melhorn
Louis Michael Alberino
George Anthony Gorry, Jr.
Alan Macaulay Merrill
Robert Peter Anathan
Allan Clarkson Greist
Douglas Bernard Miron
Oroon Palmer Bannerot
Alan Lewis Hallden
Edward Karl Morlok, Jr.
Toby Berger
John Forest Harkness
John Ridgley Moses
Robert Belmont Boni
Loren Richard Haury
Donald Edward Muller
James Cleveland Breese
Gustav William Hedlund
Robert Andrew Nau
Peter William Camp
Frederick Harold Hemphill, Jr.
Parks Odenweller, 2d
Anthony Joseph Carbone
Francis Sherburne Hill, Jr.
Everett Arno Pyatt
Henry Lewis Caulkins, Jr.
Robert Neilson Hubby
Arthur Llewellyn Roberts, 3d
Thomas Woodring Chapman
B.S. Yale University 1961.
Harry Lee Rust
Robert Hazard Chetty
Steven Vaden Hudson
Richard Morris Segel
George Edward Cleary, Jr.
David Martin Hummel, Jr.
George Vernon Sheffield
Peter Irwin Cohen
Charles Lee Huston
Gary Frederick Simons
William David Cook
Samuel Henry Knoll
Tom Youngson Smith, Jr.
Gary Allen Cunningham
John Frederick Knutson
Robert Wayne Spitz
Douglas Daetz
Francis Gibbs LaMotte, 2d
John Lawrence Tietze
Frank Craig Dickson, 2d
John Chamberlain Lawson
Orrin David Towner
Norman Vincent Edmonson, Jr.
Newbold LeRoy, 3d
Kenneth Bridger Ullman
Klaas van Esselstyn
James Edmund Luck
Berthold Howard Waldorf
Robert Barnett Flint, Jr.
Kenneth Kai Young Luke
Harry McClain Ward, 3d
Walter DeWayne France, Jr.
Rolf Patrick McClellan
Richard Sayre Ward
Rodger Sennett Gabrielson
John William McCredie, Jr.
Phillip Alan Watson
Richard Murray Gale
William Earl McGlashan
William Arthur Weber
Edwin Robeson MacKethan, 3d
I3
BACHELORS OF SCIENCE
Clayton Paul Alderfer
Louis Goodness
William Fielding Noble
Robert Anthony Altemeyer
Edmund Royce Groff
Neal Ormond, 3d
Donald Burton Bagley, Jr.
Douglas Thompson Hall
Roy Tilden Parker, 3d
Stephen Alphonse Bansak, Jr.
Joseph Sigg Hanson
Charles Stanton Peel
Robert Bowling Barnes, Jr.
David Neal Hopkins
Michael Milton Pharr
William Boulton Bates, Jr.
Stephen Charles Iman
Paul Douglas Pronsky, Jr.
Bruce Paul Bedford
Ronald Erik Johnson
Richard Henry Robinson
Christopher Osborn Bent
Donald Dallas Keyes
Terry William Rothermel
Robert Patterson Bremner, 3d
Francis Xavier Lang, Jr.
B.E. Yale University 1961.
Richard Bushnell Chalker, Jr.
William Remington Leckonby
Jacobo Dario Salas
Richard Andrew Evans
Kirkpatrick MacDonald
Rodolfo Salas
James Alfred Fisher
Peter Stuart McDougall
Robert Thexton Serumgard
Michael Robert Flicker
Arthur Ford Maurer
Charles Whiting Van Winkle
John Allen Gerlach
Russell Kenneth Merkey
John Frederick Ziebold
CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS ENSIGN, UNITED STATES NAVY
Frank Hanes Ayres
Peter William Camp
Louis Goodness
Stephen Alphonse Bansak, Jr.
Frank Craig Dickson, 2d
Herbert Donald Kirkland, III
John William Blouch
Norman Vincent Edmonson, Jr.
Ralph Leland Kissick
Erwin William Boehmler, Jr.
Richard Monroe Fairbanks, III
Russell Kenneth Merkey
CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT,
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
Jan Paul Greer
Frederick Harold Hemphill, Jr.
Gary Frederick Simons
James Overby Pearson, Jr.
CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS ENSIGN, UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE
David Gordon Alden
John Campbell Crary
Peter Eugene Schenck
Tristam Anthony Brooks
Rutherford Hayes Platt, Jr.
Donald Wayne Stobs, Jr.
Thomas Southworth Childs, Jr.
Richard Henry Robinson
David Orrin Towner
CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS ENSIGN, UNITED STATES NAVY
AFTER COMPLETING SUMMER 1962 CRUISE REQUIREMENTS
Richard Carl Habermann
William Mallory McCormick
Thomas Fort Williamson
Robert Lloyd Stivers
14
CANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, ARTILLERY,
UNITED STATES ARMY
David B. Smith
CANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, INFANTRY,
UNITED STATES ARMY
Bernard G. Rethore
CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, ADJUTANT
GENERAL'S CORPS, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE
Frank E. Devine
Thomas E. Johnson
George R. Snider, Jr.
William K. Reilly
CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, ARMY
INTELLIGENCE, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE
Douglas K. Bissell
Martin deM. Hale
Derek L. Limbocker
Michael deV. Flinn
Allen R. Overmyer
CANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT,
ARMY SECURITY, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE
George E. Cleary, Jr.
CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, ARTILLERY,
UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE
Normand F. Allen, II
Douglas B. Robinson, Jr.
Stephen Z. Surridge
Arthur F. Maurer
Edward L. Strohbehn, Jr.
Frederic W. Wilbur
Michael M. Pharr
Charles S. Wilson
CANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT,
CORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE
Thomas H. Belknap
CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, INFANTRY,
UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE
Lee V Bakunin
William D. Damour
Peter C. Lewis
CANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT,
ORDNANCE CORPS, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE
John S. Kruger
CANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, MEDICAL
SERVICE CORPS, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE
Ward B. Watt
5
BACHELORS OF FINE ARTS
Karen Lee Allen
Fred Frank Marcellino
B.A. Grinnell College 1960.
Marian Coleman Martin
Janet Dickey Alling
B.A. Scripps College 1961.
Patricia Potter Anderson
Lynn Carla Miller
B.A. Smith College 1961.
B.S. State University of New York 1961.
John Avakian
Elizabeth James Moffitt
Joel Lawrence Avirom
Geoffrey Moss
Eugene Waitele Baguskas
B.A. University of Vermont 1960.
Thomas Bang
Polly Seeley Mudge
Judith Betsy Barsky
B.A. Smith College 1960.
B.A. Bennington College 1960.
George Nick
Robert Elliot Berlind
Robert Truman Perron
B.A. Columbia University 1960.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1959.
Benedetto Roberto Bianchi
Anthony Stewart Wiley Phillips
Robert Alan Blumenthal
B.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1960.
B.A. Colgate University 1960.
Anthony Pratt
James Richard Caudle
B.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1960.
B.A. American University 1954.
Robert Adler Propper
Michael Chelminski
B.S. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1957.
Marcia Steffen Clark
Nalda Robison Regelson
B.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1950.
Robert John Cuneo
Frank Ramon Rivera
B.A. Yale University 1961.
Stephen Burns Dunne
Richard Anthony Serra
B.S.S. Georgetown University 1959.
B.A. University of California (Santa Barbara) 1961.
Dorothy Elizabeth Evelyn
Adèle Elizabeth Shepard
B.A. Rollins College 1958.
Harriet Shorr
Janet Isobel Fish
B.A. Swarthmore College 1960.
B.A. Smith College 1960.
Duncan Coburn Syme
Edward Granville Foss
B.A. Yale University 1960.
B.A. Yale University 1960.
Sister Mary Bartholomew Tanner, O.P.
Gail Kathryn Geissinger
B.A. University of Notre Dame 1958.
B.A. Sarah Lawrence College 1960.
Paul Tschinkel
Peter Michael Gish
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1960.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1949.
Georgia Hardin Wall
James Frederick Gladden
B.A. Sarah Lawrence College 1960.
B.A. St. Lawrence University 1955.
Oscar Donald Walters
Daniel Alexander Gorski
B.F.A. Philadelphia Museum College of Art 1961.
Nancy Stevenson Graves
Sandra Kay Whipple
B.A. Vassar College 1961.
B.A. Wellesley College 1958.
Sophia Warner Healy
Charles Hamilton Wilson
B.A. Middlebury College 1961.
B.A. Louisiana State University 1959.
Anna Brita Held
John Randolph Winslow
B.A. Smith College 1960.
B.A. Princeton University 1960.
Frederick Albert Horowitz
Alfred Leon Wonderlick
B.A. Yale University 1960.
Elaine Dorothy Wong
Cynthia Childs Kohn
B.A. Boston University 1959.
B.A. Wellesley College 1960.
Wilson Edward Wright, 3d
Patrick Michael Laughlin
B.A. Dartmouth College 1958.
Peter Robert Lipsitt
Vivian Wei-Chu Yu
B.A. Brandeis University 1961.
B.A. Chung Chi College (Hong Kong) 1957.
16
BACHELORS OF ARCHITECTURE
Paul Holland Bartlett
Keith Rockwell Kroeger
B.A. Yale University 1957.
B.A. Princeton University 1958.
George Eugene Buchanan, Jr.
Carl Steere Myrus
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1957.
Russell Coffin Childs
Charles Cramer Ormsby, 3d
B.A. Williams College 1958.
B.A. Yale University 1958.
Leonard Philip Perfido
Alexander Cooper, Jr.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1958.
Richard Reinhart
David Washabaugh Fix
B.A. Yale University 1960.
Robert Larason Guthrie
Otto Adolf Sperr
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Columbia University 1955.
Charles Gwathmey
Donald Ralph Watson
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Joshua George Harvey, 4th
Myles Richard Weintraub
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1958.
John Gholson Kittredge (1961)
Ming-Hsien Wu
B.A. Yale University 1957.
B.S. University of Wisconsin 1953.
MASTERS OF FINE ARTS
DESIGN
Eve Taft Ingalls
B.A. Smith College 1958, B.F.A. Yale University 1960.
Joan Phyllis Berg
Jocelyn de Blois Kargère
B.F.A. Tulane University 1958.
B.F.A. Philadelphia Museum College of Art 1960.
Ariane Ruth Berman
Vaino Kola
B.F.A. Hunter College 1959.
B.F.A. Massachusetts College of Art 1959.
Lewis Glen Brierley
Eugene Walter Leake, Jr.
B.F.A. Minneapolis School of Art 1960.
B.F.A. Yale University 1960.
Rachel Katzin Chodorov
William John Lees
B.F.A. Carnegie Institute of Technology 1956.
B.F.A. Yale University 1961.
William Brewer Cudahy, Jr.
Lorraine Paul Levy
B.A. Yale University 1959, B.F.A. Yale University 1961.
B.F.A. Minneapolis School of Art 1958.
Walter Thies Cummings
Eva Maria Llorens Rodriguez
B.F.A. Massachusetts College of Art 1960.
B.F.A. Yale University 1960.
William Humiston Darr
George Clifford McGuigan
B.A. Wesleyan University 1951.
B.S. Southern Connecticut State College 1956, B.F.A. Yale
University 1959.
Margaret Melone Deines
B.F.A. Rhode Island School of Design 1959.
Susan Winifred Mangam
B.A. University of New Hampshire 1959, B.F.A. Yale Uni-
Deborah de Moulpied
versity 1961.
B.F.A. Yale University 1960.
Thomas George Mapp
Frederick Lewis Felton
B.A. Dartmouth College 1958, B.F.A. Yale University 1961.
B.F.A. Yale University 1960.
Carl Junior Miller
B.F.A. Minneapolis School of Art 1960.
Johannes Hildebrand von Gumppenberg
B.F.A. Rhode Island School of Design 1955.
Peter Winslow Milton
B.F.A. Yale University 1954.
Gerald Hahn
B.F.A. Yale University 1960.
David Klaus Albert Palm
B.S. University of Michigan 1960, B.F.A. Yale University
Ellen Grim Harter
1961.
B.F.A. Yale University 1960.
Willard Doerr Pilchard
Gerald Matthew Immonen
B.S. Illinois Institute of Design 1959, B.F.A. Yale Univer-
B.F.A. Yale University 1960.
sity 1961.
17
Robert James Reed, Jr.
Emily Jean Macaulay Smith
B.S. Morgan State College 1958, B.F.A. Yale University
B.A. Radcliffe College 1957, B.F.A. Yale University 1961.
1960.
Roy Arthur Superior
Sheila Marie Reilly
B.F.A. Pratt Institute 1956.
B.A. Marymount College (Tarrytown) 1959, B.F.A. Yale
Richard Paul Wachter
University 1961.
B.F.A. Yale University 1961.
Edaik Anna Rinden
Charles James Wright
B.A. Brown University 1957, B.F.A. Yale University 1959.
B.F.A. Rhode Island School of Design 1960.
MASTERS OF ARCHITECTURE
James Carl Abbott, Jr.
David Conrad Hoedemaker
B.Arch. University of Florida 1959.
B.Arch. University of Washington 1960.
James Leigh Alcorn
Tai Soo Kim
B.Arch. University of California (Berkeley) 1961.
B.Sc. in Engr. Seoul National University (Korea) 1959, M.Sc.
1960.
Bruce Porter Arneill
B.Arch. Yale University 1959.
Gene Kinoshita
B.Arch. University of British Columbia 1959.
John Francis Chisholm
B.Arch. University of Minnesota 1960.
Subhash Vasudeo Paranjpe
B.Arch. University of Delhi (India) 1959.
Robert Alan Cordingley
B.Arch. Liverpool School of Architecture 1951.
Richard George Rogers
Dipl. Architectural Association School of Architecture (Lon-
Norman Robert Foster
don) 1960.
Dipl. in Arch., Cert. in Town and Country Planning, Uni-
versity of Manchester 1961.
German Cesar Salas-Rotundo
Dottore in Architettura, University of Florence 1958.
Andres Gonzalez-Arquieta
B.Arch. Institute of Technology and Higher Studies of Mon-
Jack Fletcher See, Jr.
terrey (Mexico) 1955.
B.A., B.Arch. University of Arkansas 1958.
MASTERS OF CITY PLANNING
Brian Duncan Bagot
Dean Frederick Hofe
B.A. Arch. University College (London) 1958, Dipl. Town
B.A. Dartmouth College 1956, B.Arch. Yale University 1960.
Planning 1960.
Donald Hale Laidlaw
Prabhakar Vaman Bakshi
B.A. University of Arizona 1960.
Dipl. Arch., M.S. University of Baroda (India) 1956.
George Terrell Lathrop
Osvaldo Benito Bedini
B.C.E. North Carolina State College (Raleigh) 1957.
B.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1956, M.Arch. 1957.
Meredith Sawyer Miller
B.A. Smith College 1958.
Francisco Fernando Carbajal d'Angelo
Dipl. Arch. National Engineering University (Peru) 1956,
William Stanley Nichols
Dipl. City Planning 1958.
B.S. Land. Arch. University of Massachusetts 1958.
Hyung Chan Chung
Ernesto Paredes Arana
B.Arch. Yale University 1960.
Dipl. Arch. National Engineering University (Peru) 1951,
Cert. City Planning 1952, Cert. Architectural Association,
Arnebert Ernest Englehart
School of Architecture (London) 1954.
B.S.C.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1959, B.S. Trinity
Renato R. Rossi L.
College (Connecticut) 1960.
Dip. Engr. University of Agraria (Peru) 1944, Cert. Univer-
Ernesto Gastelumendi Velarde
sity of Oxford 1952.
Dipl. Arch. National Engineering University (Peru) 1937,
Lakshmi Chand Sharma
Dipl. City Planning 1951.
B.Arch. University of Delhi (India) 1959.
18
MASTERS OF FINE ARTS
DRAMA
Joseph Arthur Kirland
B.A. University of Connecticut 1955.
Leif Ericson Ancker
B.A. Kenyon College 1958.
David Samuel Meranze
Arthur Nicholas Athanason
B.A. Harvard University 1954.
B.A. University of Florida 1959.
Harlan Dorst Mills
Anthony James Bravar
B.A. Southern Methodist University 1960.
B.F.A. Carnegie Institute of Technology 1953.
Gennaro Anthony Montanino
King Fai Chung
B.S. St. John's University (New York) 1953, M.A. Columbia
B.A. Oklahoma Baptist University 1959.
University 1959.
Leslie Holmes Easley
Joel Oliansky
B.S. Sul Ross State College 1955.
B.A. Hofstra College 1959.
John Stafford Edwards
James Livingston Read, Jr.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1959.
B.A. University of Kentucky 1959.
David Ellis
Barbara Orr Reid
B.S. Northwestern University 1948.
B.A. Hollins College 1959.
Jerry Norman Evans
Elisa Ewing Ronstadt
B.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1958.
B.A. Vanderbilt University 1959.
Lloyd Ranney Evans
Owen Edward Ryan
B.Mus. University of Michigan 1954.
B.A. University of Maryland 1957.
Mary Jane Herndon Finley
Harriette Austin Segura
B.S. New York University 1961.
B.A. Columbia University 1943.
Richard Foreman
James Beach Steerman
B.A. Brown University 1959.
B.A. University of Kansas 1958.
William Terrell Gates
B.A. University of Southern California 1959.
Joyce Elliott Steerman
B.A. University of Kansas 1959.
Theodore Eugene Gilliam
B.A. North Carolina College 1959.
Robert Erskine Strane
B.A. Florida State University 1954, M.A. Catholic Univer-
Oliver Daffan Hailey, Jr.
sity of America 1959.
B.F.A. University of Texas 1954.
Errol Gaston Hill
John Henry Thomas, III
B.A. Denison University 1957.
B.A. Yale University 1962.
Frederick Granger Hunt
Paul Russell Weidner, Jr.
B.A. Brown University 1959.
B.A. College of Charleston 1955.
Lynne Albright Inkelas
Donald Murray White, Jr.
B.S. Skidmore College 1959.
B.S. Northwestern University 1959.
Kenneth Elliot Kelman
John Newton White
B.A. Columbia University 1957.
B.A. Muskingum College 1952.
DOCTORS OF FINE ARTS
WITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS
John Brockington
Albert Jack Zuckerman
B.A. University of British Columbia 1953.
B.A. Princeton University 1953, M.F.A. Yale University
A Critical Analysis of the Plays of Lillian Hellman.
1961.
Shakespeare's Playwriting Techniques: A Dramaturgic Com-
parison of Hamlet with its So-called Bad Quarto.
CERTIFICATE IN DRAMA
Era Peretz
19
MASTERS OF MUSIC
David Milton Barron
Linda Temple Lienhard
Mus.B. Baylor University 1959.
B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1959.
Raymond Pickard Bills
Alvin Thomas Lunde
Mus.B. Northwestern University 1959.
Mus.B. St. Olaf College 1959.
John Simon Bollinger
Anna Marie Manicone
Mus.B. Oberlin Conservatory of Music 1959.
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1960.
Frankie Caleb
James Russell Morris
B.A. University of California (Los Angeles) 1960.
B.Mus. University of Arkansas 1958.
Peter Paul Dillard Olejar
Joel Avon Chadabe
B.A. Duke University 1959.
B.A. University of North Carolina 1959.
Neva Stevens Pilgrim
Thomas James Clifton
B.A. Hamline University 1960.
B.Mus.Ed. University of Notre Dame 1958.
James Edward Reyes
Royal David Crowell, Jr.
Mus.B. Syracuse University 1960.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Hildred Elizabeth Roach
Carol Julie Crowley (1961)
B.A. Fisk University 1957.
B.A. Radcliffe College 1957.
John Earl Rogers
B.A., Mus.B. University of Georgia 1960.
James Eddy Cunningham
Mus.B. Baldwin-Wallace College"1956.
Gerard Rosa, Jr.
Mus.B. Yale University 1960.
Ralph Placidus D'Mello
B.Sc. St. Xavier's College (Bombay) 1957.
Mary Frances Ross
Mus.B. Oberlin Conservatory of Music 1959.
Ernesto Epistola y Villaneuva (1961)
George Rosenfeld Schermerhorn
B.A. University of Philippines 1956.
B.S. Hartwick College 1960.
Rogelio Cirilo Ermili
Wayne McDowell Sheley
Mus.B. Baylor University 1959.
B.S. Hartwick College 1960.
Florence Turner Fowler
Melvyn Frederick Springer
B.A. Hollins College 1959.
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
Raymond Edwin Harris
Paul Dearness Tamblyn
Mus.B. Westminster Choir College 1958.
Mus.B. Oberlin Conservatory of Music 1959.
Peter Jay Hedrick (1961)
Sylvia Ann Wagner
Mus.B. Oberlin Conservatory of Music 1959.
B.A. Oberlin College 1958.
James Fredrick Hopkins
Arthur Welwood, Jr.
Mus.B. University of Southern California"1960.
Mus.B. Boston University 1956.
Arthur Joseph Komar
Allen Richard Wolbrink
B.A. Columbia University 1957.
B.A. Hope College 1954.
Gad Menahem Lewertoff
Phillip Taylor Young
B.A. Yale University 1960.
B.A. Bowdoin College 1949.
BACHELORS OF DIVINITY
Gary GaMaille Barnes
Frederick Craig Clark
B.A. DePauw University 1958.
B.A. Oberlin College 1958.
William Seth Barnes
Richard Arthur Dannenfelser
B.A. Wesleyan University 1958.
B.A. College of Wooster 1959.
Martin Luther Bupp, II
Frank Lloyd Dent
B.A. Catawba College 1959.
B.A. Rice University 1959.
Tha Din
Ronald Preston Byars
B.Th. Burma Divinity School 1958.
B.A. University of Nebraska 1959.
David Cameron Duncombe, cum laude
William Alfred Charland, Jr.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1953, M.A. Columbia University
B.A. Yankton College 1959.
1955.
20
David Russel Ehalt
Dwight Lowell Mathes
B.A. DePauw University 1959.
B.A. University of Iowa 1958.
Frederick Arthur Foltz
Paul Lawrence Minear, cum laude
B.A. Gettysburg College 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1958.
John Goodrich Gager, Jr., cum laude
Christopher Ludwig Morse
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Randolph-Macon College 1959.
William Henry Goddard
William Wilson Mount, Jr.
B.A. University of Denver 1959.
B.A. Northwestern University 1958.
William James Halfaker
Donald Dale Myers
B.A. Carleton College 1958.
B.A. Heidelberg College 1958.
Stanley Lincoln Harbison
John Septimus Nuveen
B.A. Bethany College 1959.
B.A. University of Chicago 1956.
Frederick Earnshaw Hershey
Nathan Asare Opoku
B.A. Harvard University 1956, M.S. in L.S. Western Reserve
B.A. University College of Ghana 1959.
University 1957.
Gene Harold Outka, cum laude
John Frederick Heuchert
B.A. University of Redlands 1959.
B.A. Lehigh University 1956.
Morgan Lee Phillips
Emmett James Holland
B.A. Ohio Wesleyan University 1959.
B.A. Southwestern University (Texas) 1959.
Muriel Ann Phillips (1961)
Allen Searles Holt
B.S. St. Louis University 1955, M.A. 1958.
B.A. University of Vermont 1959.
Donald Elmer Polkinghorne
Leroy Thomas Howe
B.A. Washington University (St. Louis) 1959.
B.A. University of Miami (Florida) 1958, M.A. 1959.
David McClellan Price
Archie Vernon Huff, Jr.
B.A. University of Michigan 1958.
B.A. Wofford College 1959.
Andrew Benton Randolph
Emil Paul John
B.A. Stanford University 1959.
B.A. Brown University 1950, M.S. Columbia University 1951.
Howard McNair Ratcliff
Robert Webster Johnson
B.A. Texas Christian University 1959.
B.A. Syracuse University 1958.
Woodrow Wilson Richardson, Jr.
Harold Lynn Jondahl
B.A. Mercer University 1958.
B.A. State University of Iowa 1958.
Vernon Bruce Rigdon, magna cum laude
Philip Francis Kahal
B.A. College of Wooster 1958.
B.A. Richmond College 1959.
Kenneth Elmer Rowe
Miyako Matsuki Keay
B.A. Drew University 1959.
B.A. Oberlin College 1959.
Don Earl Saliers, cum laude
George Kent Keller
B.A. Ohio Wesleyan University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Jack Alan Scott
John Charles Kelley
B.A. Abilene Christian College 1954.
B.A. Northwestern University 1959.
David Park Seipt
John Murray Kendrick
B.A. Johns Hopkins University 1958, M.A. Yale University
B.B.A. University of Texas 1957, B.A. 1959.
1959.
David Jon Koehler
Lonel Earl Shaw, Jr.
B.A. University of Illinois 1958.
B.A. Wake Forest College 1959.
Darrell Dexter Lacock (1961)
Daniel Pierce Smith
B.A. Illinois Wesleyan University 1958.
B.A. Emory University 1959.
Thomas Lee Law
Andrew Aaron Sorensen
B.A. College of William and Mary 1959.
B.A. University of Illinois 1959.
David Edward Linge
Nancy Sue Stagg
B.A. DePauw University 1959.
B.Mus. University of Oklahoma 1959.
John Rittenhouse Long
Alfred Knighton Stanley
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
B.A. Talladega College 1959.
Joan Hollingsworth Mackenzie (1961)
Charlotte Marie Stearns (1961)
B.A. Wittenberg University 1958.
B.A. Elmira College 1950, M.A. Columbia University 1957.
21
Donald Keeney Swearer
John Joseph Wenzke
B.A. Princeton University 1956.
B.A. Gettysburg College 1959.
Herbert Frank Talabere
James Wilden White
B.A. Willamette University 1959.
B.A. University of Oklahoma 1959.
Frederick Richard Trost
Dorothy Hansel Woodside
B.A. University of Michigan 1957.
B.A. Randolph-Macon Woman's College 1957.
Frederick William Umminger, Jr.
Kuang-ming Wu
B.A. Yale University 1958.
B.Th. Tainan Theological College (Taiwan) 1959.
Arie Johannes van den Blink
David Earl Young
B.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1955.
B.A. Indiana Central College 1959.
L. Don Veglahn
Lawrence Telford Young
B.A. Morningside College 1959.
B.A. Southwestern College 1959.
John Philip Zaeder
B.A. Yale University 1958.
MASTERS OF ARTS IN RELIGION
Susan Kay Bender
Sharon Lee Long
B.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1959.
B.A. Michigan State University 1959.
James Donald Harvey
Betsy Carroll Lyon
B.S. University of Illinois 1960.
B.A. University of North Carolina 1958.
Doris Emily Hodgson
George William Patterson
B.A. University of California (Los Angeles) 1960.
B.A. University of Cambridge 1960.
Susan Byrne Krass
Joanne Russell Poland
B.A. Cornell University 1959.
B.A. University of Massachusetts 1960.
Nancy Sherwood Willcox (1961)
B.S. Chatham College 1959.
MASTERS OF SACRED THEOLOGY
Robert Howell Anderson, Jr.
Holland McSwain, Jr.
B.A. Juniata College 1940, S.T.B. General Theological Semi-
B.A. University of North Carolina 1958, B.D. Union Theo-
nary 1943.
logical Seminary (Virginia) 1961.
Herman Dix Archer
Avery Coe Manchester
B.A. Milligan College 1953, B.D. Vanderbilt University 1959.
B.A. College of Emporia 1951, B.D. Southern Methodist Uni-
versity 1953.
Jack William Bremer
B.A. Ottawa University 1956, B.D. Yale University 1961.
Donald Berwin Manworren
B.A. Drake University 1957, B.D. 1961.
William Daniel Cobb, III
B.A. Transylvania College 1958, B.D. Yale University 1961.
Howard Ernest Mueller
B.A. North Central College 1958, B.D. Evangelical Theo-
Shelton Alan deSilva
logical Seminary 1961.
B.A. University of Ceylon 1948, B.D. University of Seram-
pore (India) 1953.
David Gwyn Nicholls
B.S. University of London 1957.
Richard Gustav Horace Fort
B.A. University of Cambridge 1960, Dipl. in Christian Theol-
Jovelino Pereira Ramos
ogy 1961.
Cert. Colegio Caratinga 1953, B.D. Seminario Presbiteriano
de Campinas (Brazil) 1959.
John Richard Gibson
Alan Anderson Stuart Reid
B.A. Wofford College 1958, B.D. Yale University 1961.
M.A. University of Edinburgh 1955, B.D. 1960.
David Edson Huff
Eustace Lloyd Renner
B.A. Ohio Wesleyan University 1957, B.D. Yale University
B.A. Albright College 1959, B.D. Evangelical Theological
1960.
Seminary 1961.
Robert William Johnston MacDermott
Charles Mason Swezey
B.A. University of Cambridge 1955, M.A. 1958, B.D. Uni-
B.A. Washington and Lee University 1957, B.D. Union Theo-
versity of Edinburgh 1961.
logical Seminary (Virginia) 1961.
22
CERTIFICATES IN NURSE-MIDWIFERY
Shirley Ann Faulkner
Sheila Kathleen Taylor
B.A. Smith College 1955, M.N. Yale University 1958.
B.S.N. Oklahoma Baptist University 1959.
Ieva-Jurate Saltenis
Phyllis Arleen Tryon
B.S. University of California (Los Angeles) 1958.
B.S. Boston University School of Nursing 1958.
MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
Barbara Jean Anderson
Julina Peery Rhymes
B.S.N. University of Minnesota 1959.
B.S.N.E. The Catholic University of America 1950.
Audrey Mae Clark
Ieva-Jurate Saltenis
B.S. University of California (Los Angeles) 1958.
B.S. Syracuse University 1957.
Joyce Ann Semradek
Virginia Madge DeLuca
B.S.N. University of Wisconsin 1957.
B.S. Southern Connecticut State College 1956, M.A. Teachers
Sheila Kathleen Taylor
College, Columbia University 1959.
B.S.N. Oklahoma Baptist University 1959.
Shirley Ann Faulkner
Phyllis Arleen Tryon
B.A. Smith College 1955, M.N. Yale University 1958.
B.S. Boston University School of Nursing 1958.
MASTERS OF FORESTRY
Emory Speer Akerman, Jr.
Gordon Michael Heisler
B.S. University of the South 1961.
B.S. Pennsylvania State University 1961.
Radovan Aksentijevich
Claude McDavid Hughes
Eng.For. University of Belgrade 1955.
B.S. Louisiana Polytechnic Institute 1961.
Norman Sidney Baird
Owen Thomas Jamison
B.Sc.F. University of Toronto 1956.
B.S. Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1950.
Roger Philip Belanger
Constantine Kostukevich
B.S. Utah State University 1961.
Warsaw School of Agriculture 1939, Graz Polytechnic Insti-
tute 1948.
George Harley Belt, Jr.
B.S. North Carolina State College 1960.
Charles Harrison Anthony Little
B.Sc.F. University of New Brunswick 1961.
Joseph Waldo Bennett, Jr.
B.S. University of Georgia 1961.
Robert Eugene Lockhart
B.S. West Virginia University 1953.
Soonthorn Bhothigun
B.S. Kasetsart University (Thailand) 1958.
Charles Nassau Lowrie, 3d
B.A. Dartmouth College 1955.
Thomas Marion Blalock
B.S. University of Georgia 1961.
Patrick Herbert McCaslin
B.S. University of Washington 1961.
Jeffery Burley
B.A. University of Oxford 1961.
John Alexander Martin
B.S. New York State College of Forestry 1961.
Brian Toby Callahan
B.S. University of Washington 1960.
Geza Andrew Matolcsy
B.S. University of British Columbia 1959.
John Franklin Cole
B.S. Louisiana State University 1961.
Robert James Miller, Jr.
B.S. North Carolina State College 1956.
Le viet Du
National College of Agriculture (South Viet Nam) 1958, B.S.
Daniel Haynes Monahan
University of Georgia 1961.
B.S. University of New Hampshire 1961.
David Michael Dubrule
Nathaniel Franklin Naff
B.Sc.F. University of New Brunswick 1961.
B.S. Louisiana State University 1961.
Warren Edward Frayer
Gyula Péch
B.S. Pennsylvania State University 1961.
B.S. University of British Columbia 1960.
Robert Leo Garrepy
George Lucas Perry
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.S. University of Georgia 1961.
Ronald Wellyn Haigh
Lawrence Oliver Safford
B.S. University of British Columbia 1961.
B.S. University of Maine 1961.
Edward Clarence Harris
George August Schier
B.S. Washington State University 1961.
B.S. University of New Hampshire 1958.
23
Robert Gordon Slade
Brian John Turner
B.S. University of Vermont 1956.
B.Sc.F. University of Sydney 1956, Dip.For. Australian For-
estry School 1958.
Dale Staples Solomon
B.S. Pennsylvania State University 1961.
Robert Claude Van Aken
B.S. New York State College of Forestry 1956.
Gordon Balfour Squire
B.S. University of British Columbia 1961.
Carel Lodewyk van Vredenburch
B.Sc.F. University of New Brunswick 1958.
Robert Blair Stutzman
Howard Lester Wright
B.S. Pennsylvania State University 1958.
B.A. University of Oxford 1961.
Roland Klaus Tiedemann
John Christian Zasada
B.S. University of Idaho 1953.
B.A. Macalester College 1960.
DOCTORS OF FORESTRY
WITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS
Robert Bruce Hoadley
Robert Fernald Keniston
B.S. University of Connecticut 1955, M.F. Yale University
B.A. University of Nebraska 1929, B.S. University of Cali-
1957.
fornia (Berkeley) 1939, M.S. 1941.
Laboratory Investigation of Factors Affecting Veneer Cutting
Factors Affecting Management Decisions of Small Forest
Behavior.
Owners in Western Oregon.
Wilber Wilson Ward
B.S. Pennsylvania State University 1940, M.F. 1952.
The Natural Pruning of Red Oak in Relation to Crown Compe-
tition.
BACHELORS OF LAWS
Charles Zachary Abuza
Harry Richard Blaine
B.A. Yale University 1957.
B.A. Ohio State University 1958.
Burton Joel Ahrens
Marshall Stephen Blonsky
B.A. Cornell University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Joseph J. Amiel
Seth Mordecai Bodner
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
B.A. Rutgers University 1959.
Donald Roger Anderson
Paul Hurley Bogardus, Jr.
M.A. University of Chicago 1956.
B.A. Lehigh University 1959.
Eugene Paul Angrist
Richard Clarkson Bond, Jr.
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
Craig Richard Arndt
Richard Melvin Borod
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Brown University 1954.
Henry Morton Aronson
Joseph Solomon Borus
B.B.A. University of Wisconsin 1958, M.B.A. 1959.
B.A. Williams College 1958.
Douglas Richard Ayer
James Edward Brading
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Vanderbilt University 1955.
Curtis Handley Barnette
William Joseph Brennan, III
B.A. West Virginia University 1956, Diploma International
Law University of Manchester (England) 1957.
B.A. Colgate University 1956.
Charles Stanley Battles, Jr.
Robert James Bromley
B.A. Princeton University 1956.
B.A. Yale University 1958.
Joseph Gorham Beckford
Richard Oliver Brooks
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
B.A. University of Chicago 1956, M.A. 1958.
Donald Berman
Stephen Allen Brown
B.B.A. City College of New York 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Ernest Louis Bial
Benjamin Latham Bryan, III
B.A. Columbia University 1959.
B.A. Florida State University 1959.
Henry George Bisgaier
William Joseph Carney, Jr.
B.S. Cornell University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
24
Richard Norris Carpenter
Joel Cutter Estes
B.A. Syracuse University 1958.
B.A. Yale University 1955.
Eugene Felix Cayo, Jr.
Richard James Fahy, Jr.
B.A. Harvard University 1954.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Kenneth Dai Heih Chong
Patrick Richard Faltico
B.A. University of Hawaii 1956.
B.A. University of Washington 1955.
Geoffrey D. Commons
Jay Harris Feldstein
B.A. Stanford University 1955.
B.A. Pennsylvania State University 1959.
James Hugh Watson Conklin, Jr.
James Oliver Freedman, cum laude
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Harvard University 1957.
Robert Alan Cook
Jane Gillespie
B.A. Oberlin College 1957.
B.A. Northwestern University 1958.
Elaine Smith Crehore
Albert Blau Glickman
B.A. Wellesley College 1956.
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
John Thomas Cummiskey, Jr.
William Goldfarb
B.A. The Citadel 1959.
B.A. Colgate University 1959.
Edmund Thomas Curran
Harvey Morton Goldstein
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. St. John's College (Annapolis) 1959.
William Athern Daggett, II
Richard Maxwell Goodman
B.A. Wesleyan University 1959.
B.A. Bowdoin College 1956.
David Turner Dana, III
Joseph Tolle Gorman
B.A. Princeton University 1959.
B.A. Kent State University 1959.
J. Michael Dardis
Michael Harvey Goshko
B.S. Northwestern University 1959.
B.A. Harvard University 1958.
Jonathan David (1961)
Anthony Naghten Graham
B.A. University of Maryland 1958.
B.A. University of Notre Dame 1959.
Donald Jay Dawidoff
Stephen Henry Greenleigh
B.A. Harvard University 1957.
B.A. Colgate University 1957.
Darvin DeMarchi, Jr.
David Carr Greer, cum laude
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Robert Wilbur Denious
Leonard Grey
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
B.A. Williams College 1959.
Anthony Joseph DePaul
Lawrence James Gross
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Princeton University 1959.
Alan Morton Dershowitz, magna cum laude
David LaVan Grove
B.A. Brooklyn College 1959.
B.A. Dickinson College 1959.
Jan Ginter Deutsch, summa cum laude
Marvin Israel Gruss
B.A. Yale University 1955, B.A. University of Cambridge
B.A. Clark University 1944.
1957.
Dale Wayne Hagen
William Barnet Dockser
B.A. Northwestern University 1959.
B.A. Harvard University 1959.
David Louis Hanson
John Hull Dorsey
B.A. Harvard University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Daniel Emanuel Harris
Michael Anthony Doyle
B.E. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Bruce Hart
David Henry Dugan, III
B.A. Syracuse University 1959.
B.A. Wheaton College (Illinois) 1959.
James Trester Dyke
John Peter Heinz
B.A. University of Arkansas 1959.
B.A. Washington University 1958.
Joel M. Ellis
John Hampton Hickman, III
B.A. University of Connecticut 1959.
B.A. Brown University 1959.
Lee Serge M. Elman
Austin Leo Hogan
B.A. Princeton University 1958.
B.A. St. Joseph's College (Pennsylvania) 1959.
Daniel N. Epstein
Algernon Sidney Holderness, Jr.
B.A. Cornell University 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Stuart Arthur Epstein
Edward Marshall Holtzmann
B.A. College of William and Mary 1959.
B.A. Brown University 1958.
25
John Rogers Horan
James Lowry Mitchell
B.A. Dartmouth College 1959.
B.A. Cornell University 1959.
Harley Thomas Howell
Alan Henry Molod
B.A. Princeton University 1959.
B.S. University of Pennsylvania 1958.
William Kitchell Ince
Franklin Hall Moore, Jr.
B.A. Princeton University 1959.
B.A. Bucknell University 1959.
James Emanuel Joanos
Paul Arthur Nejelski
B.S. Florida State University 1956.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Philip Frederick Johnson
Thomas Smith Nichols
B.A. Indiana University 1959.
B.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1955, M.S. University of
Francis Raymond Jones
Wisconsin 1959.
B.A. St. John's University (New York) 1959.
Franklin Jay Okin, cum laude
Robert Charles Josefsberg
B.A. Princeton University 1957.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1959.
Stuart Michael Pearis
Clifford Richard Kaeser
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. University of Idaho 1959.
Neil Peck
John Jacob Karol, Jr.
B.A. Tufts University 1959.
B.A. Williams College 1958.
Russell Alexander Phillips, Jr.
George William Kaufman
B.A. Duke University 1959.
B.A. Columbia University 1959.
Peter Godfrey Platt
Peter Galbraith Kelly
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.S. Georgetown University 1959.
Peter John Preisner
Borell Kirschen
B.A. Cornell University 1959.
B.A. Williams College 1959.
Brian Neil Quickstad
Joseph Q. Koletsky
B.A. University of Washington 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Carolyn Dineen Randall
Donald Martin Kresge (1961)
B.A. Smith College 1959.
B.A. Columbia University 1955.
James Donald Randall
George Lefcoe
B.S. Georgetown University 1958.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1959.
Stephen Rauch
Alan Frederick Leibowitz
B.A. Syracuse University 1959.
B.A. University of Pennsylvania 1958.
James Warwick Rayhill
David Ronald Levett
B.A. Williams College 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Lloyd Henry Relin
Alan Hillel Levine
B.A. Dartmouth College 1959.
B.A. Colgate University 1959.
Richard Morgan Reynolds
David Kelso McConnell
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.C.E. City College of New York 1954.
Charles Fleming Richards, Jr.
Thomas Irving McElvein
B.A. Princeton University 1959.
B.A. Antioch College 1959.
Richard Cornelius Roberts
Edward Daniel McKirdy
B.A. University of Kentucky 1959.
B.A. Harvard University 1958.
Sanford Jay Rosen
B.A. Cornell University 1959.
Donald McPartland
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Linda Sue Rosenberg
B.A. University of Chicago 1959.
Michael Henry Male
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Jack James Rosenblum
B.A. Brown University 1959.
Rolf Carl Margenau
B.A. Yale University 1959.
William George Ruddy
B.A. Yale University 1959.
John Treutlen Marshall
Robert Cord Rugen
B.A. Vanderbilt University 1956.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1951
Edwin Spencer Matthews, Jr.
Sidney Gordon Saltz
B.A. Harvard University 1956.
B.A. Northwestern University 1959
Walter Howard Mayo, III
Robert Martin Schuchman
B.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1959.
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1958.
James Carl Miller
Philip Alcott Shaver
B.A. Yale University 1958.
B.A. Oberlin College 1959.
26
Arden Earl Shenker
Carol Wolf Trencher
B.A. Stanford University 1959.
B.A. Wellesley College 1959.
Theodore Donald Small
Peter Francis Tufo
B.A. Columbia University 1959.
B.A. Beloit College 1959.
Elsie Inez Virginia Smith
James Reginald Turner
B.A. Tufts College 1959.
B.A. University of North Carolina 1956.
George Bundy Smith
Gaylord Alfred Virden
B.A. Yale University 1959.
B.A. University of California 1955, M.A. Claremont College
Bourke Gill Spellacy (1961)
1958.
B.A. Princeton University 1958.
Lee R. Voorhees, Jr.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Raymond Frederick Steckel
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Bruce Samuel Warshal
B.A. Wilkes College 1958.
Andrew Stewart
B.A. University of Virginia 1959.
Roderick Truman Webb
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Christopher David Stone
B.A. Harvard University 1959.
Stephen Samuel Wender (1961)
B.A. Yale University 1954, M.A. Harvard University 1955.
Gordon Richard Sugarman
B.A. Harvard University 1958.
Harry Jay Wexler
B.A. Harvard University 1957, M.A. Yale University 1961.
Joseph Leo Taetle
Harvey John Wilcox
B.A. Cornell University 1959.
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
Robert Wilson Taft
Thomas Allison Williams
B.A. Amherst College 1959.
B.A. Yale University 1959.
Stanley Martin Teich
William Matthew Zinn
B.S. University of Pennsylvania 1959.
B.A. Denison University 1959.
Stephen Joel Trachtenberg
Lynne Kaplan Zusman
B.A. Columbia University 1959.
B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1959.
MASTERS OF LAWS
Ram Parkash Anand
Hiroshi Fukuda
B.A. University of Delhi 1954, LL.B. 1957.
LL.B. Tokyo University 1960.
Virakiart Angkatavanich
Andres Gatmaitan
B.S. Thammasat University (Thailand) 1958, LL.B. 1960.
A.A. University of the Philippines 1957, B.S.J. 1961, LL.B.
Ivo Sefton de Azevedo
1961.
LL.B. University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) 1956.
Hubert Clement Hauseux
Gerhard Rainer Richard Casper
Docteur en Droit University of Liège 1951, J.D. 1954.
Abitur, Albert Schweitzer Schule (Hamburg) 1957, LL.B.
Ken-ichi Hokao
University of Hamburg 1961.
B.A. Nihon University (Tokyo) 1948, LL.B. Tokyo Univer-
Shaw-Shan Chai
sity 1951, Dr. Juris. Tohoku University (Sendai) 1960.
LL.B. National Northeastern University (Mukden) 1948.
John Byron Hotis
Lung-chu Chen
B.A. New York University 1954, LL.B. Duke University
LL.B. National Taiwan University 1958, LL.M. North-
1961.
western University 1961.
Elmer LeRoy Hunt
Francis James Conklin, S.J.
B.A. Vanderbilt University 1955, LL.B. University of Mis-
B.A. Gonzaga University 1948, M.A. 1950, LL.B. George-
sissippi 1960.
town University 1961.
Michael Keenan Crawford
Alice Jacob
LL.B. University of Poona 1954, B.A. 1955, LL.M. Univer-
B.S. University of Houston 1954, LL.B. Southern Methodist
sity of Delhi 1958.
University 1959.
Magdangal Borja Elma
Walter Sidney Marcus Jones
B.A. University of the Philippines 1957, B.S. 1961, LL.B.
LL.B. University of London 1959, LL.B. University of Bir-
1961.
mingham 1960.
Anthony Ofor Nnaemeka Ezeani
Kwang Seuk Kang
LL.B. University of Wales 1960.
LL.B. Kansei Gakuin University (Japan) 1954, LL.M. Kansai
University (Japan) 1956, M.C.L. Tulane University 1958.
Jorge Alberto de Sousa Freitas
LL.B. Universidade do Distrito Federal (Rio de Janeiro)
Fritz Carl Kind
1959, LL.M. McGill University 1962.
Dr. in Law University of Berne 1958.
27
Richard Hyatt Lansdale
Luis F. Negrón-García
B.A. University of Maryland 1942, LL.B. Georgetown Uni-
B.A. University of Puerto Rico 1958, LL.B. 1961.
versity 1945.
Kenneth Lawing Penegar
Joseph Albert LaPlante
B.A. University of North Carolina 1954, LL.B. 1961.
B.A. Harvard University 1953, LL.B. Boston University
1956.
Samuel Ephraim Polanco-Bosch
B.A. University of Puerto Rico 1948, M.S. Columbia Uni-
Ping-cheung Loh
versity 1951, LL.B. University of Puerto Rico 1961.
LL.B. National Taiwan University 1959, M.C.L. Columbia
University 1961.
Humberto Villarruz Quisumbing
B.A. University of the Philippines 1956, LL.B. 1960.
Ranald Norman Munro MacLean
B.A. University of Cambridge 1960, LL.B. University of
Gerald William Rock
Edinburgh 1961.
B.A. University of Florida 1953, LL.B. 1959.
Thomas Aboagye Mensah
John William Stoepler
B.A. University of Ghana 1956, LL.B. University of London
B.A. University of Notre Dame 1953, LL.B. University of
1959, M.A. 1961.
Toledo 1961.
John Mixon
Henry Ragin Thomas, Jr.
B.B.A. Stephen F. Austin State College 1952, LL.B. Univer-
B.S.L. University of Southern California 1957, LL.B. 1961.
sity of Houston 1955.
Robert Cecil Travis
Noor Mohammad
B.A. University of Mississippi 1957, LL.B. 1961.
LL.B. Banaras Hindu University 1951, LL.M. University
of Minnesota 1961.
Zabihollah Changiz Vafai
LL.B. University of Teheran 1957.
Arthur Gage Murphey, Jr.
B.A. University of North Carolina 1951, LL.B. University
Gien Foon Yeh
of Mississippi 1953.
LL.B. National Cheng-chi University 1947.
DOCTORS OF THE SCIENCE OF LAW
WITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS
Satish Chandra
Douglas Millar Johnston
B.A. University of Delhi 1951, M.A. 1953, LL.B. Lucknow
M.A. University of St. Andrews 1952, LL.B. 1955, M.C.L.
University 1956, LL.M. Yale University 1960.
McGill University 1958.
Comparative Analysis of Social Security Legislation in the U.S.
The International Law of Fisheries.
and India.
Maung Maung
Don Maliwat Ferry
B.A. University of Rangoon 1946, B.L. 1949, Dr.Jur. Uni-
A.A. University of the Philippines 1953, LL.B. 1957, LL.M.
versity of Utrecht 1956.
Yale University 1959.
Law and Custom in Burma and the Burmese Family.
Land Tax Reform and Philippine Agricultural Development.
Romulo Montevirgen Villa
Ronald Lawrence Goldfarb
A.A. University of the Philippines 1955, B.S.J. 1958, LL.B.
B.A. Syracuse University 1954, LL.B. 1956, LL.M. Yale Uni-
1959, LL.M. Yale University 1960.
Taxation of Non-Liquidating Corporate Distributions.
versity 1960.
The Contempt Power.
Henning Wegener
Referendar University of Bonn Law School 1958, M.C.L.
George Dow Haimbaugh, Jr.
George Washington University 1959, LL.M. Yale University
B.A. DePauw University 1938, J.D. Northwestern University
1960.
1952.
The Role of the Legal Adviser to Newly Independent African
Motion Pictures and Diversity of Expression: The United
States.
States and the European Economic Community.
Walter Otto Weyranch
Rosalyn Higgins
Dr.Jur. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität (Frankfurt)
B.A. University of Cambridge 1958, LL.B. 1959.
1951, LL.B. Georgetown University 1955.
The Development of International Law by the Political Organs
The Legal Mind: A Comparative Study of Professional Per-
of the United Nations.
spectives.
CERTIFICATE IN TRANSPORTATION
Gordon Hollis Fay
B.A. Brown University 1961. Economics.
MASTERS OF ARTS IN TEACHING
Susan Angell Andrews
Anna Key Baker
B.A. Middlebury College 1961.
B.A. Bennington College 1961.
Charles David Badain
Meryl Jane Blau
B.A. Yale University 1961.
B.A. Brandeis University 1960.
28
Vida Jane Bull
Charles Edward McCarthy, Jr.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
B.A. Yale University 1960.
Joan Callaway
Lawrence Wayne McCombs
B.A. Smith College 1961.
B.S. California Institute of Technology 1961.
Leon Eli Clark, Jr.
Diana Genevieve Merewether
B.A. Yale University 1961.
B.A. Wellesley College 1960.
Elizabeth Southworth Corning
Martha Michener
B.A. Smith College 1960.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
Eleanor Marie Cunliffe
Franklin Beardsley Miles, Jr.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
B.A. Yale University 1961.
Joseph Charles Deahl
Raymond Allen Mohl, Jr.
B.A. Yale University 1961.
B.A. Hamilton College 1961.
Gerard Francis Dorion
Brenda Jean Mols
B.A. University of Maine 1958.
B.A. Elmira College 1961.
Gail Margolis Epstein
Joyce Judith Moore
B.A. Cornell University 1961.
B.A. Pembroke College 1961.
Margery Valentine Fischer
Blanche Simpson Murdock
B.A. Vassar College 1960.
B.A. Bucknell University 1961.
Elizabeth Carey Foltz
Adrienne Michele Piserchia
B.A. Smith College 1961.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
Marcia Ruth Fram
Gudrun Gerda Quenzler
B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1960.
B.S. University of Washington 1961.
Edna Garte
Nancy Ann Reuscher
B.A. City College of New York 1961.
B.A. University of Michigan 1961.
Alice Jean Gerlach
Mary Louise Ryan
B.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1954.
B.A. Trinity College (Washington, D.C.) 1961.
Sherry Michaele Glass
Ilene Schulaner
B.A. University of Michigan 1961.
B.A. Rutgers University 1961.
Stephen Nathan Goldstein
Carol Dinnes Silver
B.A. Yale University 1961.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
Nancy Gage Greenwood
Stuart Seely Sprague
B.A. Wellesley College 1961.
B.A. Yale University 1960.
Anne Raymond Haskell
Victoria Thayer Starr
B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1959.
B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1961.
Dorothy Elizabeth Hearn
Eric Robert Stietzel
B.A. Connecticut College 1961.
B.A. Yale University 1961.
Peter Hugh Hufstader
Virginia Marie Tansey
B.A. Yale University 1958.
B.A. Wellesley College 1961.
Adele Patricia Jones
Gary Kent Taylor
B.A. Trinity College (Washington, D.C.) 1960.
B.A. Yale University 1961.
Alison Jane Kenney
Bryant Franklin Tolles, Jr.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
B.A. Yale University 1961.
Margaret Templeton Kent
Gail Felice Tucker
B.A. Franklin College 1940.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
Gale Sanofsky Kosto
Deborah Kurmes van Dam
B.A. Smith College 1962.
B.A. Swarthmore College 1960.
Alexandra Bushnell Kubler
Frederick Wright Wakefield, Jr.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
B.A. Yale University 1961.
Richard Alexander Lacey
Joan Wallace
B.A. Yale University 1961.
B.A. Oberlin College 1960.
Janet Ann Lafrentz
Victor Blaine Weber, II
B.A. Pembroke College 1961.
B.A. Yale University 1961.
Mary Ann Ornato McAvoy
Myra Judith Wiesenfeld
B.A. Vassar College 1960.
B.A. Smith College 1961.
Betsy McCarthy
David Richie Woods
B.A. Smith College 1961.
B.A. Yale University 1961.
29
MASTERS OF SCIENCE
Candidates for degrees in science are enrolled in the Sheffield Scientific School.
Peter Lesley Ames
Carl John Hansen
B.A. Harvard University 1958. Zoology.
B.S. Queens College (New York) 1956. Physics.
Nicolas Antonoff, Jr.
Barbara Jo Hibbs
B.S. Catholic University of America 1955. Chemistry.
B.A. Portland State College 1959. Zoology.
Arthur Bass
Jane Bieberman Hilberg
B.A. Columbia University 1961. Physics.
B.A. Radcliffe College 1960. Physics.
Barbara Gould Beddall
James Grenville Holland
B.A. Swarthmore College 1941, B.S. Columbia University
B.A. University of Oxford 1960. Geology.
1942. Zoology.
Esther Arvilla Harrison Hopkins
Gail Chester Belden, Jr.
B.A. Boston University 1947, M.S. Howard University 1948.
B.E.E. Cornell University 1961. Electrical Engineering.
Chemistry.
Clinton Childs Brooks
Robert James Hurd
B.S. Yale University 1960. Astronomy.
B.S. University of Notre Dame 1956, M.S. University of
Margaret Sue Burns
Kentucky 1961. Geology.
B.S. Allegheny College 1961. Biochemistry.
Ronald Ralph Hutchinson
Elisaldo Luiz de Araujo Carlini
M.A. Southern Illinois University 1960. Psychology.
M.D. Escola Paulista de Medicina (Brazil) 1957. Pharma-
Michael Arnold Kamrin
cology.
B.A. Cornell University 1960. Chemistry.
Fei-Shian Chen
Marianna Veronika Katona
B.S. National Taiwan University 1960. Physics.
B.S. University of Michigan 1961. Chemistry.
Rosalind Coogan
Neil Richard Kestner
B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1959. Physiology.
B.S. University of Wisconsin (Milwaukee) 1960. Chemistry.
Mary Elizabeth Craig
Peter Kitching
B.S. University of Michigan 1961. Chemistry.
B.A. University of Oxford 1960. Physics.
John Michael D'Auria
Donald Albert Koss
B.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1961. Chemistry.
B.S. University of Minnesota 1960. Metallurgy.
Tamunoemi Sokari David-West
Allen Krantz
B.S. Michigan State University 1961. Microbiology.
B.S. City College of New York 1961. Chemistry.
Michel Albert Duguay
Chin-Sook Lee
B.S. Université de Montréal 1961. Physics.
B.A. Wellesley College 1960. Chemistry.
Margaret Felice Emery
B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1961. Chemistry.
Shiu Lee
B.S. University of California (Berkeley) 1950, M.S. 1952.
Melvin Herbert Fine
Chemistry.
B.A. University of Delaware 1960. Botany.
Lawrence Alan Levin
William David Fordham
B.A. Columbia University 1961, B.H.L. The Jewish Theo-
B.S. Marietta College 1961. Chemistry.
logical Seminary of America 1961. Physics.
Allan Harvey Fried
Monte Joel Levitt
B.S. McGill University 1960. Biophysics.
B.S. Allegheny College 1958, M.S. 1959. Biochemistry.
Kosei Furukawa
Ruth Roberts Levitt
B.S. Northeastern University 1959. Chemistry.
B.S. Allegheny College 1959. Chemistry.
John Carl Gilbert
Toni Lincks
B.S. University of Wyoming 1961. Chemistry.
B.A. Mount Holyoke College 1960. Zoology.
Susan Goldhor
Gary Leroy Lucas
B.A. Barnard College 1960. Zoology.
B.S. Washington State University 1961. Physics.
Harry Frank Gollob
Dolly Cannamela McCall
B.A. University of Denver 1960. Psychology.
B.A. Marietta College 1941. Physiology.
Stephen Paul Gross
James Angell MacLachlan, Jr.
B.S. Union College (Schenectady) 1959. Astronomy.
B.A. University of Michigan 1959. Physics.
John Herbert Hageman
Philip James Mallozzi
B.A. University of Rochester 1957. Chemistry.
B.A. Harvard University 1960. Physics.
Robert Hazel Hall
Henry Maltz
B.S. Mississippi State University 1958. Astronomy.
B.S. Brooklyn College 1961. Chemistry.
30
Charles Franklin Martin
James Ferguson Skinner
B.S. Lincoln University 1949. Astronomy.
B.A. Williams College 1961. Chemistry.
John Charles Miklosz, Jr.
George Joseph Sorger
B.S. City College of New York 1960. Physics.
B.Sc. McGill University 1959. Microbiology.
Eric Leonard Mills
James Harris Stamper
B.Sc. Carleton University (Canada) 1959. Zoology.
B.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1960. Physics.
Michael Stuart Morris
Margaret Carolyn Steward
B.A. University of Virginia 1960. Physics.
B.A. Willamette University 1959. Psychology.
Thomas Allen Murphy
Edward Michael Stricker
B.A. Knox College 1959. Zoology.
B.S. University of Chicago 1960, M.S. 1961. Psychology.
John Frederick Nagle
Paul Michael Strudler
B.A. Yale University 1960. Physics.
B.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1961. Chemistry.
Cellissa Norcross
James Edward Turnure
B.A. Smith College 1959. Biophysics.
B.A. University of Missouri 1960. Psychology.
Arthur Jack Nozik
James David Tyson
B.Ch.E. Cornell University 1959. Chemistry.
B.S. Michigan State University 1961. Physics.
Ervin George Otvos
James Leland Vaughan
B.Sc. University of Budapest 1958. Geology.
B.A. Earlham College 1959. Psychology.
James Edward Poth
Daniel Frank Veber
B.S. Miami University (Ohio) 1955, M.A. 1960. Physics.
B.A. Yale University 1961. Chemistry.
Michael Gerard Richardson
Marie Carmella Vecchione
B.Sc. Manchester University (England) 1960. Biophysics.
B.A. Albertus Magnus College 1961. Chemistry.
George Christman Rodgers, Jr.
Sara Platzman Wan
B.A. Dartmouth College 1960. Chemistry.
B.A. Vassar College 1959. Zoology.
Alan Asher Schwartz
Judith Florence Witkin
B.A. New York University 1958. Biophysics.
B.A. Barnard College 1960. Chemistry.
Ronald Shepps
Pei-ching Wu
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1960. Psychology.
B.S. National Taiwan University 1960. Chemistry.
Ruth Shoer
Noel Kuei-Eng Yeh
B.A. Vassar College 1959. Biophysics.
B.A. Williams College 1961. Physics.
MASTERS OF ARTS
Duane LeRoy Addison
Murl Gordon Barker
B.A. University of Minnesota 1953, B.D. Luther Theological
B.A. University of Washington 1959. Slavic Languages and
Seminary 1960. Religion.
Literatures.
Annie Laurer Alexander
Robert Lincoln Barr, III
B.A. Oberlin College 1959. Mathematics.
B.A. University of Oklahoma 1961. History.
Herbert Lloyd Alexander, Jr.
Jeffrey Dlugasch Bauman
B.A. University of Texas 1954. Anthropology.
B.A. Yale University 1959. History.
Michael O'Donel Bjarne Alexander
Richard William Beals
B.A. University of Cambridge 1960. International Relations.
B.A. Yale University 1960. Mathematics.
Judith Morse Alldritt
Valerie June Becker
B.A. University of Illinois 1959. Political Science.
B.A. Missouri Valley College 1957. Linguistics.
Diogenes Allen
Sarah Winslow Benson
B.A. University of Kentucky 1954, B.A. University of Ox-
B.A. Scripps College 1961. History.
ford 1957, B.D. Yale University 1959, M.A. University of
Robert Herman Berls
Oxford 1961. Religion.
B.A. Wesleyan University 1959. History.
Harry Prince Allen
Charles Beecher Berryman
B.S. Brooklyn College 1960. Mathematics.
B.A. Amherst College 1961. English Language and Literature.
Laurence Richards Alvarez
Avinash Pandurang Bhagwat
B.S. University of the South 1959. Mathematics.
B.A. University of Bombay 1957, M.A. 1960. Economics.
Judith Helena Anderson
Deborah Susan Bochner
B.A. Radcliffe College 1961. English Language and Litera-
B.A. Smith College 1961. History.
ture.
Wando Pereira Borges
Douglas Bleakly Ball
Diploma de Bacharel em Ciencias Economicas, Universidade
B.A. College of Wooster 1961. History.
de Minas Gerais (Brazil) 1959. Economics.
31
John Dixon Iklé Boyd
Sarah Kemper Durand
B.A. University of Cambridge 1960. Foreign Area Studies
B.A. Stanford University 1961. Foreign Area Studies (South-
(Southeast Asia).
east Asia).
Eugene Joseph Boyer
George Sturtevant Durgan
B.A. Johns Hopkins University 1960. Mathematics.
B.A. Cornell University 1960. Economics.
Bernard Michael Boyle
Stephen Lee Dyson
B.Arch. University of Sydney 1958, M.Arch. Yale University
B.A. Brown University 1959. Classical Languages and Litera-
1959. History of Art.
tures.
Norman Bruce Brooks
Hester Ann Eisenstein
B.A. University of Tennessee 1959. Political Science.
B.A. Radcliffe College 1961. History.
Gretchen Buckelmueller
Christian Howard Eismann
B.A. Vassar College 1960. English Language and Literature.
B.A. College of Idaho 1961. History.
Milton Lawrence Bullock
Geraint Nantglyn Davies Evans
B.A. Oberlin College 1957. Political Science.
B.A. University of Cambridge 1957, M.A. 1961, M.A. Lehigh
John Browning Cameron
University 1961. History.
B.A. Princeton University 1953. History of Art.
Arthur Eugene Falk, Jr.
Herbert Latimer Camp
B.A. Fordham University 1960. Philosophy.
B.A. Williams College 1961. International Relations.
Linda Carol Fay
Basil Terence Carmody
B.A. Wellesley College 1961. Classical Languages and Litera-
tures.
B.A. Yale University 1958. Romance Languages and Litera-
tures (French).
Stephen Michael Feldman
Ann Maynard Chalmers
B.A. Yale University 1960. English Language and Literature.
B.A. Radcliffe College 1959. English Language and Litera-
Victor Allen Fingerhut
ture.
B.A. Yale University 1960. Political Science.
José Sergio Chao Siero
Wilton Bonham Fowler
Contador Público, Universidad de la Habana 1957. Eco-
B.A. University of South Carolina 1960. History.
nomics.
Fateh Mohammad Chaudhri
Fred Owens Francis
B.A. University of the Panjab (Pakistan) 1955, M.A. 1958,
B.A. University of Redlands 1956, B.D. The College of the
M.A. Williams College 1961. Economics.
Bible 1960. Religion.
Gerald Guy Clements
Kenneth Paul Freeman
B.A. The American University 1958. Philosophy.
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1960. Philosophy.
James Washington Leverett Cole
Kuhachiro Furuya
B.A. Dartmouth College 1960. General Studies.
B.A. Hitotsubashi University (Japan) 1958. Economics.
James John Conklin
John Andrew Gardiner
B.A. Catholic University of America 1959. English Language
B.A. Princeton University 1959. Political Science.
and Literature.
Mary Mason Gardiner
Carlos Mario Cortés Mundaca
B.A. Wellesley College 1961. Classical Languages and Litera-
Bachiller, Universidad de Chile 1949. Economics.
tures.
Myron Curzan
Donald Watt Gardner, Jr.
B.A. Columbia University 1961. International Relations.
B.A. Williams College 1957. American Studies.
Robert Fenton Dalzell, Jr.
Arnold Herbert Garfinkel
B.A. Amherst College 1959. American Studies.
B.A. University of Pennsylvania 1959. Foreign Area Studies
Teresita de Guzman
(Eastern Asia).
B.S. University of the Philippines 1959. Economics.
John William Craver Garrett
Vincent Arthur De Luca
B.A. Tulane University 1953. Anthropology.
B.A. Hamilton College 1961. English Language and Litera-
Sheila Ann Garvan
ture.
B.A. Trinity College (Washington, D.C.) 1961. American
Nadia Derkach
Studies.
B.S. University of Pittsburgh 1960. Foreign Area Studies
Robert Emmet Geoghan
(Russian).
B.A. Fordham University 1960. Mathematics.
Christina Page Diebold
B.A. Wellesley College 1960. English Language and Litera-
Gerald William George
B.A. University of Wichita 1960. History.
ture.
Reinhard Dörries
Bengt Göran Giertz
B.A. Concordia College (Minnesota) 1958, M.F.A. Ohio Uni-
Civilekonomexamen, Stockholm School of Economics 1960.
versity 1960. History.
Economics.
Sonya June Dowrey
Everett Arthur Gilcreast
B.A. Marietta College 1961. History.
B.A. Yale University 1953. History.
32
Robert Raymond Gilsdorf
Kurt William Johnson
B.I.E. Ohio State University 1954. Political Science.
B.A. Brown University 1956. Anthropology.
Robert Benjamin Goheen
Kenneth Richard Johnston
B.A. University of Toronto 1961. History.
B.A. Augustana College (Illinois) 1959, M.A. University of
Irene Linda Gordon
Chicago 1961. English Language and Literature.
B.A. Swarthmore College 1961. Foreign Area Studies (Rus-
Robert Harold Johnston
sian).
B.A. University of Toronto 1959. History.
John Wells Gould
David Paul Jordan
B.A. Haverford College 1961. History.
B.A. University of Michigan 1961. History.
Lewis Ludlow Gould
Tadashi Kano
B.A. Brown University 1961. History.
Keizai-gakushi, Hitotsubashi University (Japan) 1957. Eco-
nomics.
Edward Martin Gramlich
B.A. Williams College 1961. Economics.
Betty Maureen Kantor
Robert Greenblatt
B.A. Stanford University 1960. English Language and Litera-
ture.
B.S. Brooklyn College 1959. Mathematics.
Peter Charles Greiner
Anthony David Kaufman
B.A. Carleton College 1960. English Language and Litera-
B.Sc. University of British Columbia 1960. Mathematics.
ture.
William Byron Griffith
Richard Bruce Kenney
B.A. University of Notre Dame 1958. Philosophy.
B.A. Washington University 1956, B.D. Yale University
Antony Nicolas Grobovsky
1959. Religion.
B.A. University of California (Santa Barbara) 1959. Foreign
Walter Francis Keville, II
Area Studies (Russian).
B.S. Georgetown University 1950. Economics.
John Noel Gunning
John Wesley Lango
B.A. Antioch College 1960. Political Science.
B.A. Carleton College 1960. Philosophy.
William Barry Hauser
Standish Dyer Lawder
B.S. University of Chicago 1960. Foreign Area Studies
B.A. Williams College 1958. History of Art.
(Eastern Asia).
David McKechnie Hay
Sheila Joy Lerner
B.A. Hunter College 1961. Economics.
B.A. Duke University 1957, B.D. Yale University 1960.
Religion.
Hiram Jefferson Lester
Robert Wesley Hearn
B.A. Johnson Bible College 1955, B.D. Phillips University
1959, B.A. 1960. Religion.
B.A. Virginia State College 1957, B.D. Yale University 1961.
General Studies.
Susan Randi Liff
Donald Furse Herr
B.A. Swarthmore College 1961. English Language and Litera-
ture.
B.A. Harvard University 1961. International Relations.
Ellen Susan Light
Gerald Hahn Hinkle
B.A. Douglass College 1960. Romance Languages and Litera-
B.A. Franklin and Marshall College 1953, B.D. Lancaster
tures (Spanish).
Theological Seminary 1956. Religion.
William Lilley
Richard Frederick Hinman
B.A. University of Pennsylvania 1959. American Studies.
B.A. Hamilton College 1959. English Language and Litera-
ture.
Kathleen Ann Livezey
B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1961. English Language and Litera-
Deborah Whitney Hobson
ture.
B.A. Barnard College 1960. Classical Languages and Litera-
tures.
Paul Gordon Lo
B.A. Seattle Pacific College 1956. Foreign Area Studies
Bengt Runo Hoffman
(Southeast Asia).
Teologisk-filosofiskexamen, Universitet Göteborgs (Sweden)
1934, Teologie kandidatexamen, Universitet Uppsala (Swe-
Ernest Benson Lowrie
den) 1938. Religion.
B.A. Baylor University 1954, B.D. Yale University 1960.
Religion.
Megumu Honda
Bungakushi, University of Tokyo 1952. Indic and Far Eastern
Allan Ludwig
Languages and Literatures.
B.A. Yale University 1956. History of Art.
William Leon McBride
Marjorie Lawson Hoover
B.A. Smith College 1930, Dr.Phil. Universität Bonn (Ger-
B.A. Georgetown University 1959. Philosophy.
many) 1934. Slavic Languages and Literatures.
William Shield McFeely
Phillip Drummond Jacklin
B.A. Amherst College 1952. General Studies.
B.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1959. Philosophy.
Abdelrahman Ahmed Mahdi
B.A. University of Khartoum (Sudan) 1955. Economics.
Donald Eugene Jarvis
B.A. Southern Methodist University 1958, B.D. Drew Uni-
Adam Makkai
versity 1961. Religion.
B.A. Harvard University 1959. Linguistics.
33
Ronald A Malkin
Charles Theodore Price
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1957. Romance Languages
B.S. Tufts University 1954. History of Art.
and Literatures (French).
Donald James Puchala
Nathan Kwok-kuen Mao
B.A. Yale University 1961. International Relations.
B.A. New Asia College (Hong Kong) 1960. General Studies.
John Elliott Quam
George Richard Martens
B.A. Saint Olaf College 1953, B.Th. Luther Theological Semi-
B.S. LeMoyne College 1960. International Relations.
nary 1957. Religion.
Sharon Bittenson Meltzer
Frederick Vincent Randel
B.A. Barnard College 1961. English Language and Litera-
B.A. St. John's University (New York) 1961. English Lan-
ture.
guage and Literature.
John Leonard Miller
William Venable Rapp
B.S. Columbia University 1951, S.T.B. Harvard University
B.A. Amherst College 1961. Economics.
1954, S.T.M. 1955, Th.D. 1958. Classical Languages and
Literatures.
Elizabeth Katherine Reedy
B.A. Lake Forest College 1961. English Language and Litera-
William Ker Muir, Jr.
ture.
B.A. Yale University 1954, J.D. University of Michigan
1958. Political Science.
Anne Renouf
B.A. Barnard College 1959. Anthropology.
Taketo Murata
B.Sc. McGill University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.
Robert Allan Richardson
Sociology.
B.A. Park College 1960. Philosophy.
Duane Paul Myers
Thomas Russell Robinson
B.A. Johns Hopkins University 1960. History.
B.Comm. University of British Columbia 1961. Economics.
Joel Nelson
Thomas Franklyn Rogers
B.A. Columbia University 1959. Sociology.
B.A. University of Utah 1955. Slavic Languages and Litera-
tures.
Thomas Werner Neumann
B.A. Swarthmore College 1961. History.
Abdul Kohar Rony
B.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1959. Foreign Area
Robert Cummings Neville
Studies (Southeast Asia).
B.A. Yale University 1960. Philosophy.
Arthur Lewis Rosenbaum
Kathryn Marie Norstrom
B.A. University of Michigan 1960. Foreign Area Studies
B.A. University of Southern California 1955. Economics.
(Southeast Asia).
James Allen Nuechterlein
James Leo Rovnyak
B.A. Valparaiso University 1960. American Studies.
B.A. Lafayette College 1960. Mathematics.
William Adrian Oates
Gail Joyce Saliterman
B.A. Yale University 1958. Foreign Area Studies (Southeast
B.A. University of Michigan 1961. International Relations.
Asia).
Jack Dean Salmon
Amos Oyetunji Odelola
B.A. University of Kansas 1961. Foreign Area Studies (South-
B.Sc. University of Hull (England) 1957. Economics.
east Asia).
Richard Alan Orb
John Paul Sampley
B.A. Occidental College 1956. Foreign Area Studies (Eastern
B.A. Duke University 1956, B.D. Perkins School of Theology
Asia).
1959, S.T.M. 1960. Religion.
Elizabeth Ham Parr
John Sandberg
B.A. Wellesley College 1961. Economics.
B.A. Yale University 1959. History of Art.
Jane Ellen Parry
Eugene Paul Anderson Schleh
B.A. Bryn Mawr College 1961. English Language and Litera-
B.A. Union College (Schenectady) 1961. International Rela-
ture.
tions.
Malcolm Lee Peel
Joanna Flowers Schmeissner
B.A. Indiana University 1957, B.D. Louisville Presbyterian
B.A. Agnes Scott College 1960. English Language and Litera-
Theological Seminary 1960. Religion.
ture.
John Trumbull Robinson Pierson
Ernst Ignatz Schurer
B.A. Harvard University 1959. General Studies.
B.A. University of Texas 1960. Germanic Languages and
Literatures.
Hugh Pinchin
B.A. University of British Columbia 1961. Economics.
Charles Edward Scott
B.A. Southern Methodist University 1957, B.D. Yale Uni-
Jean-Pierre Poullier
versity 1961. Religion.
Licence ès sciences politiques, études internationales, Uni-
versité de Genève (Switzerland) 1960, Diplôme d'Economie
Niki Scoufopoulos
Comparée-Université Internationale de Sciences Comparées
B.A. Barnard College 1960. Classical Languages and Litera-
(Luxembourg) 1960. Economics.
tures.
David Edward Powell
Gabriel Najomo Orumere Sefia
B.A. Amherst College 1961. Political Science.
B.A. University of Calcutta 1958. Economics.
34
Jules Daniel Selig
Patricia Ann Trambauer
B.A. University of Pennsylvania 1959, M.A. Harvard Uni-
B.A. Lawrence College 1961. Classical Languages and Litera-
versity 1960. History of Art.
tures.
Howard Roe Sharlach
Joan Lee Turek
B.A. Northwestern University 1960. International Relations.
B.A. University of Connecticut 1960. Economics.
Lloyd Eldon Sheneman
Helen Field Twombly
B.A. University of Kansas 1950, B.D. Lutheran Theological
B.A. Radcliffe College 1960. English Language and Literature.
Seminary at Philadelphia 1953. Religion.
Youn Cha Shin
Javier Garcia Urtiaga
Licenciado en Economia, Instituto Tecnologico de Mexico
B.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1960. Slavic Lan-
1960. Economics.
guages and Literatures.
Helen Diane Wood Shough
Amy Lou Vandersall
B.A. University of Washington 1961. English Language and
B.A. College of Wooster 1955, M.A. Mount Holyoke College
Literature.
1958. History of Art.
Jesús Silva-Herzog Flores
William Allan Vincent
Licenciado en Economia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma
B.A. Kalamazoo College 1960. History.
de Mexico 1959. Economics.
Guilherme Ulrico von Calmbach
Dorothy Louise Sipe
Bacharel em Ciencias Economicas, Universidad de Rio de
B.A. Cornell University 1959, B.A. University of Cambridge
Janeiro (Brazil) 1959. Economics.
1961. English Language and Literature.
Xan Vongsathorn
Claudette Hoover Smith
B.Sc. University of London 1957. Economics.
B.A. Hanover College 1959. English Language and Litera-
John Lawrence Ward
ture.
B.A. Hamilton College 1960. History of Art.
Mitchell Evetts Smith
B.A. University of Texas 1959, M.A. Columbia University
Gerard Bryce Warden
1961. American Studies.
B.A. Yale University 1961. History.
Skeva Soko
Hoyt Dinsmore Warner
B.A. Colgate University 1960. Economics.
B.A. Harvard University 1959. Mathematics.
Donald Mitchell Stewart
Bruce Samuel Warshal
B.A. Grinnell College 1959. Political Science.
B.S. Wilkes College 1958. Economics.
Dorothea Alice Stewart
Rose-Carol Washton
B.A. Wellesley College 1960. English Language and Litera-
B.A. Wellesley College 1959, M.A.T. Yale University 1961.
ture.
History of Art.
Charles Gilmer Stricklen, Jr.
Eric Watkins
B.A. Wesleyan University 1959. History.
B.A. Yale University 1961. General Studies.
Donald Clair Summerhayes
Allen Weinstein
B.A. McMaster University 1953, M.A. University of Toronto
B.A. City College of New York 1961. American Studies.
1958. American Studies.
Harry Jay Wexler
Charles William Talbot, Jr.
B.A. Harvard University 1957. American Studies.
B.A. Princeton University 1958. History of Art.
William Martin Wiebenga
Edmund Dennis Taylor
B.A. Calvin College 1960. Philosophy.
B.A. College of the Holy Cross 1960. English Language and
John Alexander Williams
Literature.
B.A. Tulane University 1961. History.
Josiah Donald Thompson, Jr.
Robert Louis Woodbury
B.A. Yale University 1957. Philosophy.
B.A. Amherst College 1960. American Studies.
John Elvin Tilton, Jr.
B.A. Princeton University 1961. Economics.
Tamako Yagai
B.A. Keio University (Japan) 1959. Foreign Area Studies
Nicolai Timenes, Jr.
(Southeast Asia).
B.A. Yale University 1960. Mathematics.
Edwin Yontef
Minar Lumban Tobing
B.A. Brooklyn College 1961. English Language and Litera-
B.A. Nommensen University (Indonesia) 1958. Foreign Area
ture.
Studies (Southeast Asia).
Dana Bruce Young
Yoshiaki Toda
B.A. Yale University 1960. Foreign Area Studies (Eastern
Hogakushi, University of Tokyo 1954. Economics.
Asia).
35
MASTERS OF ENGINEERING
Madis Aule
Joseph Julius Jevcak
B.E. Yale University 1960. Chemical Engineering.
B.E.E. Manhattan College 1961. Electrical Engineering.
Jon Calvin Bankert, Jr.
Thomas Jia-Yuan Jiang
B.S.M.E. Duke University 1958. Mechanical Engineering.
B.E.E. Ordnance Engineering College (Taiwan) 1956. Electri-
Robert Renato Barbolini
cal Engineering.
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1959. Chemical
Madhukar Laxman Joshi
Engineering.
B.E. Poona University (India) 1952, B.E. Gujarath Univer-
Regis L. Barcat
sity (India) 1955. Metallurgy.
Dipl. École Nationale d'Ingénieurs Arts et Métiers (France)
Mohammad Haleem Khan
1961. Mechanical Engineering.
B.Sc. Agra University (India) 1957, M.Sc. Aligarh Muslim
William Albert Bautz
University (India) 1959. Metallurgy.
B.M.E. Manhattan College 1960. Mechanical Engineering.
David Joel Kinsley
Barry Allen Bell
B.S.E.E. Northeastern University 1960. Electrical Engineer-
ing.
B.S.E.E. Stanford University 1961. Electrical Engineering.
Albert Asad Kuran
Charles Faber Bohn
B.S. Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1954. Mechanical En-
B.S.E.E. University of Pittsburgh 1960. Electrical Engineer-
gineering.
ing.
Peter Francis Lambert
Gary Leon Bush
B.E. Yale University 1961. Electrical Engineering.
B.S.E.E. Texas Technological College 1961. Electrical En-
gineering.
Edward Choisy Layden
B.S.E.E. Lafayette College 1956. Mechanical Engineering.
Myungki Chun
B.S. Yonsei University (Korea) 1956, M.Eng. 1958. Electri-
Ray Dennis Leoni
cal Engineering.
B.S. Brown University 1951. Mechanical Engineering.
Richard Brendan Curtin
John Bayard Lewis
B.E.E. Manhattan College 1961. Electrical Engineering.
B.S. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1961. Electrical En-
Frederick William Dauer
gineering.
B.S.M.E. University of Bridgeport 1960. Mechanical En-
Michael Isaac Liechenstein
gineering.
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1960. Electrical
Engineering.
Lawrence Paul Doyle
B.S. University of Connecticut 1959. Electrical Engineering.
Robert Michael Lockerd
Daniel David Drobnis
B.A., B.S. Rice University 1961. Electrical Engineering.
B.E. Yale University 1961. Electrical Engineering.
Tom Edward Karwai Lok
James Bernard Ducey
B.E. Yale University 1961. Civil Engineering.
B.M.E. Manhattan College 1960. Mechanical Engineering.
Eugene Charles McLaud
Nicholas George Eror, Jr.
B.Ae.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1951. Civil En-
B.E. Yale University 1959. Metallurgy.
gineering.
Norman James Francis, Jr.
Elbert Dane Manchester
M.E. Stevens Institute of Technology 1960. Mechanical En-
B.E. Yale University 1961. Chemical Engineering.
gineering.
Paul Keith Manger
Howard Richard Freeman
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1956. Electrical
B.S. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1961. Electrical En-
Engineering.
gineering.
Thomas Philip Marrie
Michael Gold
B.E.E. Manhattan College 1960. Electrical Engineering.
B.S. Yale University 1960. Metallurgy.
David Lucius Merritt
Alan Jay Goldman
B.E. Yale University 1961. Mechanical Engineering.
B.Met.E. New York University 1960. Metallurgy.
John Mario Moreno
Frank Joseph Hackl
B.A. University of Connecticut 1952. Civil Engineering.
B.E.E. Clarkson College of Technology 1961. Electrical En-
gineering.
James Durward Morgan
B.E. Yale University 1961. Electrical Engineering.
John Henry Hartogensis
B.E. Yale University 1960. Electrical Engineering.
Thomas Joseph Newton
Robert Clayton Hayden
M.E. Stevens Institute of Technology 1958. Mechanical En-
gineering.
B.S.M.E. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1959. Mechanical
Engineering.
Charles Henri Pin
Jean-Claude Roger Helion
Dipl. École Polytechnique (France) 1958. Metallurgy.
Dipl. École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris 1960.
Richard Stephen Rogoff
Metallurgy.
B.E. Yale University 1961. Electrical Engineering.
36
Felix Chipieng Tan
Wailey Lake Wing
B.S.E. (Aero.E.) University of Michigan 1956, B.S.E. (Math.)
B.S. George Washington University 1959. Metallurgy.
1956, M.S. (Aero.E.) 1959. Mechanical Engineering.
Alfred Adolf Wolf, Jr.
Hugh Rothe Taylor
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1953. Civil En-
B.E. Yale University 1952. Mechanical Engineering.
gineering.
Arvydas Vaisnys
Howard Alan Wood
B.E. Yale University 1960. Electrical Engineering.
B.S.C.E. Purdue University 1956. Civil Engineering.
Walter Ernest Von Seggern
Emlaelu Worade
B.E.E. Union College (New York) 1961. Electrical Engineer-
B.Sc. Imperial College of Engineering (Ethiopia) 1959. Civil
ing.
Engineering.
Ira Weinryb
Harry Yousoof
B.S.E. Columbia University 1961. Chemical Engineering.
B.M.E. New York University 1952. Civil Engineering.
Paul John Williams
Dimitro Peter Zafiroglu
B.S.M.E. Purdue University 1952. Mechanical Engineering.
B.S. Robert College (Turkey) 1961. Mechanical Engineering.
MASTERS OF INDUSTRIAL ADMINISTRATION
Philip Boatman Applewhite
Terence Alexander Lennon
B.A. Pomona College 1960. Industrial Administration.
B.Sc. Sydney University (Australia) 1955, M.For. Yale Uni-
Benedict Michael Calotta
versity 1960. Industrial Administration.
B.S. Ohio State University 1959. Industrial Administration.
William Orland Lytle, Jr.
Morris Dibner
B.S. Yale University 1958. Industrial Administration.
B.S. Quinnipiac College 1960. Industrial Administration.
David Ross Peters
James McDonnell Geelan
B.E. Yale University 1959. Industrial Administration.
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1960. Industrial
Administration.
Bent Rasmussen
Anthony Nomikos Klonaris
B.M.E. Odense Engineering College (Denmark) 1955. In-
B.S.E.E. University of Miami (Florida) 1960. Industrial Ad-
dustrial Administration.
ministration.
Robert Nicholas Reitter
Ike Byung Ko
B.A. Cornell College (Iowa) 1960. Industrial Administration.
B.A. Yale University 1959. Industrial Administration.
Kenneth Howard Ladd
Ronald Carter Steorts
B.S.M.E. University of Wisconsin 1949. Industrial Adminis-
B.S.I.E. North Carolina State College 1960. Industrial Ad-
tration.
ministration.
DOCTORS OF ENGINEERING
WITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS
Wayne Gregory Burwell
Terrence Kent McMahon
B.E. Yale University 1955, M.Eng. 1956. Mechanical En-
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1957, M.Eng.
gineering.
Yale University 1960. Chemical Engineering.
The Spontaneous Ignition Behavior of Iso-Octane Air Mixtures
Massed Transfer Rates in Packed Columns.
under Steady Flow Conditions.
Frederick Sidney Pettit
Raymond Bernard Edelman
B.E. Yale University 1952, M.Eng. 1960. Metallurgy.
The Oxidation of Iron and Cobalt in Carbon Monoxide-Carbon
B.M.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1956, M.Eng. Yale
Dioxide Mixtures.
University 1957. Mechanical Engineering.
The Flow of a Dilute Suspension of Solids in a Laminar Gas
Martin Stanley Seltzer
Boundary Layer.
B.Met.E. New York University 1958, M.Eng. Yale Univer-
sity 1960. Metallurgy.
Burton Hering
Some Diffusion Studies on Single Crystals of Lead Sulfide and
B.Ch.E. New York University 1957, M.Eng. Yale Univer-
Lead Selenide.
sity 1960. Chemical Engineering.
Diffusion in Ion Exchange Resins.
Srinivasa Sourirajan
B.Sc. Annamalai University (India) 1943, D.I.I.Sc. Indian
Jong-Yih Huang
Institute of Science (Mysore) 1950, A.I.I.Sc. 1951, Ph.D.
B.S. Taiwan College of Engineering 1955, M.S. Arizona
1953. Chemical Engineering.
State University 1959. Electrical Engineering.
The System Water-Sodium Chloride at Elevated Temperatures
Quantization of Correlated Variables.
and Pressures.
William John Wollenberg
Colin McGreavy
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1952, M.Eng.
B.Sc. University of Leeds (England) 1957, M.Eng. Yale Uni-
Yale University 1954. Electrical Engineering.
versity 1958. Chemical Engineering.
Guidance Concepts for the Interception of an Intermediate
A Study of Hydrogenation Reactions Using a Recycle System.
Range Ballistic Missile during Its Boost Phase.
37
MASTERS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Julio Kodzo Amorin
George Anthony Garofalo
M.D. Université de Paris 1958.
B.S. Fairfield University 1951, M.D. University of Louvain
David Bonneville Balise
(Belgium) 1958.
B.S. University of Massachusetts 1949.
Stanley Burton Kahane
Richard Barnett Blakney
B.A. New York University 1948, M.D. University of Geneva
B.S. University of Washington 1956.
1958.
Thomas Andre Blumenthal
Alma Kay Keiser
B.A. Yale University 1954, M.B.A. Columbia University
B.S. Seton Hall University 1960.
1958.
Charles Archibald MacIntosh
Stella Booth
B.A. Washington and Lee University 1956.
B.S. New York University 1935, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Royal
College of Surgeons and Physicians 1945.
Thomas Robert Mayhugh
James Everett Bowes
B.S. University of Kentucky 1952.
B.S. Georgetown University 1944, M.D. New York Medical
James Michael O'Leary
College 1949.
B.A. Boston College 1938, D.M.D. Tufts University 1953.
Paul Leo Downey
B.S. University of Notre Dame 1956.
Peter Westlake Ralph
B.A. Dartmouth College 1960.
John Robert Galbraith
A.A. Hagerstown Junior College 1950, B.A. Gettysburg Col-
Jerald Page Stowell
lege 1951.
B.S. Western Michigan University 1955.
DOCTORS OF MEDICINE
WITH TITLES OF THESES
Jon Morton Aase
Spencer John Brody
B.A. Pomona College 1958.
B.S. Tufts University 1958.
Investigations of Properties of the Amelanotic Melanoma in
Electron Microscopic Cytopathology of Coxsackie Virus In-
the Hamster.
fected Muscle.
Paul Henry Ackerman
David Morse Bull
B.A. Amherst College 1958.
B.S. University of Idaho 1952, M.A. Michigan State Univer-
A Radiobiological Analogy Between Measles Virus and Tem-
sity 1956.
perate Phage.
Uracil-6 Methyl Sulfone: Toxicologic Studies.
David Leon Adams
Dean Edwin Burget, Jr.
B.A. Colby College 1958.
B.S. University of Toledo 1958.
A Study of the Effect of Age on Antibody Production Using
The Effect of Dextro Propoxyphene on Respiration.
Antibody Producing Isografts in Laf₁ Mice.
Fredric Kramer Cantor
Michael Harris Alderman
B.A. Yale University 1958.
B.A. Harvard University 1958, Tufts University School of
The Serum Citrate Concentration in Hereditary Vitamin D
Medicine 1958-59.
Resistant Rickets and in Idiopathic Hypercalcemia.
The Production of Infection by Introduction of E. Coli Proto-
Ray Allen Carlsen
plasts into the Renal Medulla.
B.A. Yale University 1957.
Charles Bernard Anderson
Studies with Ergocornine Methanesulphonate: Its Effects on
B.A. Johns Hopkins University 1958.
Pregnancy and Lactation in Mice and Rats.
The Circulatory and Ventilatory Effects of Normovolemic
Thomas Newell Chase
Polycythemia.
B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1954.
Frederic Paffard Anderson
Age Associated Changes in the Structure and Function of the
Human Aorta.
B.A. Harvard University 1958.
Evaluation of a Method of Producing Acute Right Ventricular
George Palmer Christian
Decompensation by Partial Occlusion of the Pulmonary Artery.
B.A. Yale University 1955.
Norman Herbert Bass
Blood Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Anesthetized Humans.
B.A. Swarthmore College 1958.
Richard Neil Collins
Intracellular Sodium Potassium Ratio in Human Tumor Cells
B.A. Yale University 1958.
Cultivated in Tissue Culture.
The Relationship of Skin Color to Zygosity in Twins.
Ann Russell Brace
Patricia Curtiss
B.A. Radcliffe College 1958.
B.A. Wellesley College 1958.
The Rabbit Uterus During Pregnancy: Its Blood Supply and
A Study of the Antabuse-Like Reaction Caused by Furaltadone
the Effects of Topical Human Chorionic Gonadotropin.
(Altafur).
38
Oliver Townsend Dann
John Herbert Hageman
B.A. Columbia University 1958.
B.A. University of Rochester 1957.
Cycloserine Inhibition of Gamma-Aminobutyric-Alpha-Keto-
Tuberculosis of the Pericardium: A Long-Term Analysis of 44
glutaric Transaminase.
Proven Cases From the Veterans Administration.
Arnold Joel Eisenfeld, cum laude
John Tolan Harrington, cum laude
B.A. Washington and Jefferson College 1958.
B.A. College of the Holy Cross 1958.
Study of Lipid Soluble Amethopterin Derivative and of Chemo-
Neoplasia in Osteichthyes and Chondrichthyes.
therapy of Experimental Brain Tumors.
Frank Robert Hartman
Ivor Bruce Elfenbein
B.A. Stanford University 1958.
B.A. Yale University 1958.
Tolerance to EEG Effects of LSD-25 in the Rat.
Cardiac and Renal Lesions in Rats Following the Administra-
tion of Desoxycorticosterone and Vitamin D.
Cornelis Heijn, Jr.
B.A. Harvard University 1953.
Clyde Kenneth Emery, Jr.
Studies on the Source of Pyrogen in Tuberculin Fever.
B.A. Stanford University 1957, University of Cambridge
1957-59.
Joseph Dale Howe
Palliation and Survival of Ovarian Carcinoma with Triethylene
B.S. Juniata College 1957.
Thiophosphoramide.
Learning Problems in Children: A Preliminary Study.
Joseph Daniel Ferrone, Jr.
Victor Waldemar Hurst, 3d
B.A. University of Notre Dame 1958.
B.A. Princeton University 1958.
A Method for the Production of Profound Total Body Hypo-
Methods of Heterologous Transplantation of Glioblastomatous
thermia for Use in High Risk Intracranial Surgery.
Tissue Culture Lines.
Jonathan Elihu Fine
Gary Jacobson
B.A. Swarthmore College 1954.
B.A. Brandeis University 1958.
Problems in the Co-ordination of the Rural Health and Com-
The Importance of Body Characteristics in the Excretion of
munity Development Programs in India.
17-Ketosteroids and 17-Ketogenic Steroids in Obesity.
John Woods Foreman
Walter Watson Karney
B.A. Yale University 1958.
B.A. Wesleyan University 1958, Tufts University School of
The Atypical Acid-fast Bacillus: A Study into the Taxonomy,
Medicine 1958-59.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity and Clinical Correlations of 120
Changes in the Diabetic State Brought about by the Trans-
Strains Isolated from 113 Patients in Southern New England.
plantation of Embryonic Pancreatic Tissue to Alloxan-Diabetic
Mice.
Leroy Arthur Forstrom
B.A. University of Minnesota 1957.
Glenn Lochten Kelly
Some Effects of Ultra Violet Light on Mouse Skin.
B.A. Princeton University 1958.
An Analysis of a Method for Preventing the Formation of
Stephen John Fricker
Amputation Neuromas.
B.Sc. University College (London) 1948, M.S. Massachusetts
Institute of Technology 1950, Sc.D. 1953.
David Eric Knoop
Narrow-Band Filter Techniques for the Detection and Measure-
B.A. Harvard University 1958.
ment of Evoked Responses.
Nephrocarcinoma at the Grace-New Haven Community Hos-
pital 1945-1961.
Roger Philip Friedenthal
B.A. Stanford University 1958.
Elizabeth Ulman Koenig
An Application of the Membrane Filter to Blood Cultures.
B.A. Wellesley College 1958.
Anthony Victor Furano
The Empirical Relationship Between Congenital Anomalies
and Autosomal Chromosome Abnormalities.
B.S. Tufts University 1958.
The Intracellular Distribution of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and
Bernard Kosto
Histamine in a Mast Cell Tumor.
B.S. Yale University 1957.
David William Gelfand
The Thyroid in Experimental Renal Hypertension.
B.S. University of Michigan 1958.
Floyd Myron Kregenow, cum laude
The Relationship of the Chromaffin Reaction and Formalin-
B.A. Rutgers University 1957.
Fluorescence Phenomenon to the Catechol Amines in the Ad-
Metabolic Control of Passive Transfer and Exchange Diffusion
renal Medulla.
of Sodium and Potassium in Human Red Blood Cells.
John Nixon German
Alan David Lieberson
B.A. Yale University 1958.
Cornell University 1955-58.
Electrophoretic Patterns of Tumors of the Central Nervous
A Phonocardiographic Study of 79 Patients with Congenital
System.
Heart Disease.
John Allan Godley
Manuel Jacob Lipson, cum laude
B.A. Columbia University 1958.
Experimental Pyelonephritis, The Role of Increased Intrarenal
B.S. Tufts University 1958.
Pressure and Ischemia.
Response of Virus-Like Particles in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells
to Several Pharmacological Agents as Seen with the Electron
David Henry Groth
Microscope.
B.A. College of Wooster 1956.
The Viability of Circulating Cancer Cells.
John Patrick Lynch
B.A. Knox College 1958.
Roderick Canavan Haff
A Comparison Between Anoxic Radiosensitivity and Intra-
B.A. Yale University 1958.
Cellular Sulfhydral Concentration in Shigella Sonnei Following
6-Uracil Methyl Sulfone: Metabolic and Pharmacologic Studies.
Treatment with N-Ethyl Maleimide and with Nitric Oxide.
39
Joseph Clark McCarthy
Albert Richard Pschirrer, Jr.
B.S. Boston College 1958.
B.A. University of Virginia 1958.
Myxomata Cordis.
A Clinical Study of 384 Mitral Valvulotomies.
David John McConnell
Joseph Ross
Cornell University 1955-58.
B.A. Yale University 1956, M.A. 1957.
A Kinetic Study of the Aminolysis of Thioesters Related to
On the Psychoanalytic Theory of Negation.
Coenzyme A.
David Edwin Seil
Carter Lee Marshall, Jr.
B.A. Harvard University 1958.
B.A. Harvard University 1958.
Regional Changes in the Norepinephrine and Serotonin Con-
The Effect of Cortisone, Zymosan, and Certain Antibiotics on
tent of the Brain After Drug Administration.
the Ability of Torulopsis Glabrata to Proliferate in Swiss White
Edward Laughlyn Spencer, Jr.
Mice.
B.S. Stanford University 1957.
Richard Edward Marshall
The Effects of Anesthetics on Lactic Dehydrogenase In Vitro.
B.A. Wesleyan University 1954.
James Alexander Erskine Spencer
Chronic Pyelonephritis Renal Biopsy and Pyelogram.
B.A. Yale University 1958.
A Study of the Effects of Several Pharmacological Agents on
Malcolm Alan Martin
Homologous Anterior Chamber Transplants of Embryonic
George Washington University 1955-58.
Small Intestine.
The Partial Purification and Characterization of a New Ribo-
nuclease from the Ehrlich Ascites Tumor.
Nancy Ann Staley
B.A. Northwestern University 1958.
Allan Lee Mattern
The Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Cell Proliferation
B.A. Macalester College 1957.
and Differentiation in the Vaginal Epithelium of the Mouse.
The Corpus Luteum-Pituitary Relationship: A Study of the
Stimulating Effect of Progesterone on Prolactin Secretion.
Larry Lee Stewart
B.A. Stanford University 1958.
Stanley Eugene Matyszewski
A Study of the Relationship of Sickle Trait to Acute Pyelone-
B.A. Johns Hopkins University 1958.
phritis.
Infectious Hepatitis: A Ten Year Institutional Study.
Harry Oliver Stoutland
William George Meffert, cum laude
B.A. St. Olaf College 1958.
B.A. Duke University 1958.
Studies on the Specificity of the Cross Reaction.
Hormonal Control of Collateral Circulation.
Seth Ulric Thaler
B.A. Amherst College 1958.
George Stuart Miller
Facial Nerve Pedicle in the Anterior Ocular Chamber.
B.A. Rutgers University 1958.
Skin Oxygen Tension During Administration of Phenylephrine
Sherwood Waldron, Jr.
to Normal Man.
B.A. Harvard University 1958.
Plasma 17-OH Corticoid Levels in Newly Admitted Psychiatric
William Arthur Miller
Patients.
B.A. University of Rochester 1958.
The Uptake of a Plasma Protein by the Brown-Pierce Rabbit
John David Wallin
Tumor.
B.S. Stanford University 1958.
Proteolytic Activity in Sarracenia Purpurea, The North Ameri-
Malcolm Stuart Mitchell
can Pitcher Plant.
B.A. Harvard University 1957.
William Farnsworth Weber
A Study of the Immune Response, with Special Reference to
the Role of the Lymphocyte.
Haverford College 1955-58.
Primary and Metastatic Intracranial Tumors: A Statistical
David Dunstan Nicholas
Study.
B.S. Manhattan College 1958.
Stewart Rex Wright
A Comparative Study of the Epidemiology of Childhood Com-
B.A. Yale University 1957.
municable Diseases in Connecticut.
Hepatic Arterial and Portal Venous Contributions to the Canine
Karlen Lyle Paulay
Total Hepatic Blood Flow.
University of California 1954-58.
Nathaniel Alardyce Young, cum laude
Concerning the Role of the Nerve to the Thyrocarotid Arterial
B.A. Swarthmore College 1958.
Junction as a Baroreceptor and as a Regulator of Aldosterone
The Function of the Inferior Olive: A Review of the Literature
Secretion in the Dog.
and an Experimental Study in the Dog.
DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY
WITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS
Candidates for degrees in science are enrolled in the Sheffield Scientific School.
Robert Zelwin Aliber
James Truett Allison
B.A. Williams College 1952, B.A. University of Cambridge
B.S. Texas Technological College 1955, M.A. 1957. Psy-
1954, M.A. 1959. Economics.
chology.
Speculation in the Foreign Exchanges: The European Experience,
Recovery Functions of Somatosensory Evoked Responses in
1919-1926.
Man.
40
Eric Peter Bachelard
Douglas Alan Chalmers
B.Sc.For. University of Melbourne 1958, M.F. Yale Univer-
B.A. Bowdoin College 1953, M.A. Yale University 1958.
sity 1959. Forestry.
Political Science.
Root Physiology in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and in
The Social Democratic Party of Germany: Movement or Cadre?
Acer rubrum L.
George Emerson Chamberlain
Robert Corwin Bannister, Jr.
B.A. University of Bridgeport 1955, M.S. Yale University
B.A. Yale University 1955, B.A. University of Oxford 1957,
1957. Physics.
M.A. 1961. American Studies.
Polarizability of Alkali and Noble Gas Atoms.
The Mind and Thought of Ray Stannard Baker.
Chawan Chawanidchaya
Virgilio Beltran-Lopez
B.A. Harvard University 1957, M.A. Yale University 1958.
Ingeniero Civil, Universidad Autonoma de Puebla (Mexico)
International Relations.
1955, Maestro en Ciencias Fisicas 1956, M.S. Lehigh Uni-
Thai Irredentism and French Indochina: A Study of a Con-
versity 1957. Physics.
troversial Aspect of Thai Nationalism.
Part I. Microwave Zeeman Spectrum of Atomic Chlorine. Part
II. Measurements on Anisotropy of Inertial Mass.
Warren Lewis Chernaik
Ross Thomas Bender
B.A. Cornell University 1952, M.A. Yale University 1955.
English Language and Literature.
B.A. Goshen College 1954, B.D. 1956, M.R.E. 1956, M.A.
The Poetry of Edmund Waller.
Yale University 1961. Religion.
The Role of the Contemporary Family in Christian Nurture:
Frederick Foo Chien
A Theological Interpretation.
B.A. National Taiwan University 1956, M.A. Yale Univer-
Alison Bishop
sity 1959. International Relations.
B.A. Cornell University 1958. Zoology.
The Opening of Korea: A Study of Chinese Diplomacy, 1876-
Use of the Hand in Lower Primates.
1885.
David Charles Bonar
Miriam Usher Chrisman
B.A. Rice University 1954, M.S. Yale University 1958.
B.A. Smith College 1941, M.A. American University 1948,
Physics.
M.A. Smith College 1955, M.A. Yale University 1959. His-
Production and Detection of a Polarized Deuteron Beam Using
tory.
the Atomic Beam Magnetic Resonance Method.
The Impact of the Reformation on the City of Strasbourg 1480-
1548.
Carl Otto Bostrom
B.S. Franklin and Marshall College 1956, M.S. Yale Univer-
Frances Benbow Clark
sity 1958. Physics.
B.A. Agnes Scott College 1951, M.A. Yale University 1952.
Thermal Neutron Capture Gamma Rays.
Romance Languages and Literatures (French).
Pascal's Concept of the Heart.
Richard Pender Boyce
B.A. University of Utah 1955. Biophysics.
Jack Lowell Clark
Ultraviolet Light Inactivation of Coli and Bacteriophage Con-
B.A. Gustavus Adolphus College 1952, B.D. Northwestern
taining 5-Bromouracil-Substituted Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
Lutheran Theological Seminary 1955, M.A. University of
Minnesota 1957, M.A. Yale University 1959. Religion.
John Allen Brentlinger
A Reexamination of the Problem of the Messianic Secret in
B.A. University of Chicago 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.
Mark in Its Relationship to the Synoptic "Son of Man" Sayings.
Philosophy.
The Theory of Forms in Plato's Later Dialogues.
Sidney Leon Cohen
B.A. Rutgers University 1957, M.A. Yale University 1959.
Eugene Wayne Brice
History.
B.A. Texas Christian University 1951, B.D. 1954, M.A. Yale
Viking Fortresses of the Trelleborg Type.
University 1959. Religion.
A Study of Hatred and Anger in Old Testament Man.
Margaret Collier
Seward Ralph Brown
B.A. Mary Baldwin College 1937, M.A. Claremont Graduate
B.A. Queen's University (Canada) 1950, M.A. 1952. Zoology.
School 1956. History of Art.
Diagenesis of Chlorophylls in Lacustrine Sediments.
The Sagrario of Lorenzo Rodriguez: Origins of the Eighteenth-
Century Architectural Style in Mexico.
Gerardo Budowski
Ingeniero Agrónomo, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica
Ann Congleton
(Venezuela) 1948, Magister Agriculturae, Instituto Inter-
B.A. Wellesley College 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.
americano de Ciencias Agricolas (Costa Rica) 1954. Forestry.
Philosophy.
Studies on Forest Succession in Costa Rica and Panama.
Spinoza, Kierkegaard, and the Eternal Particular.
John Moore Bullard
Frank Leonard Cooley
B.A. University of North Carolina 1953, M.A. 1955, B.D.
B.S. Springfield College 1942, B.D. Yale University 1945,
Yale University 1957. Religion.
M.A. 1946, S.T.M. 1954. Religion.
Biblical Humor: Its Nature and Function.
Altar and Throne in Central Moluccan Societies: A Study of
the Relationship between the Institutions of Religion and the
John Martin Campbell
Institutions of Local Government in a Traditional Society
B.A. University of Washington 1950. Anthropology.
Undergoing Rapid Social Change.
Anaktuvuk Prehistory: A Study in Environmental Adaptation.
John Rex Cooper
Andrew Galbraith Carey, Jr.
B.A. State University of New York (Albany) 1954, M.A.
B.A. Princeton University 1955. Zoology.
Yale University 1957. English Language and Literature.
An Ecological Study of Several Benthic Animal Communities
The Literary Background and Composition of The Compleat
in Long Island Sound.
Angler.
41
James McBride Dabbs, Jr.
Sheldon Feldman
B.A. Davidson College 1959, M.S. Yale University 1961.
B.A. Northwestern University 1957. Psychology.
Psychology.
Evaluative Ratings of Adjective-Adjective Combinations, Pre-
Self Esteem, Coping, and Influence.
dicted from Ratings of Their Components.
Howard Eckert Davis
John Duane Ferguson
B.A. Dickinson College 1955, M.A. Yale University 1956.
B.A. Yale University 1957. Mathematics.
Political Science.
Some Properties of Mappings on Sequence Spaces.
Case Studies in Policy-Making: The Establishment of State
Alcoholism Programs in New England.
Stanley Eugene Fish
B.A. University of Pennsylvania 1959, M.A. Yale University
Jacques de Caso
1960. English Language and Literature.
Licencié ès Lettres, Université de Paris 1957, Diplomé
The Poetry of Awareness: A Reassessment of John Skelton.
d'Etudes Supérieures 1959. History of Art.
La Sculpture en France du Néoclassicisme à Rodin.
William Homer Flanigan
B.A. Wabash College 1957, M.A. Yale University 1958.
Henry Fleming Decker
Political Science.
B.A. Rutgers University 1953, M.S. 1958, M.S. Yale Univer-
Partisanship and Campaign Participation.
sity 1961. Botany.
A Modern Approach to Generic Relationships within the
Jonathan Lewis Freedman
Traditional Tribe Festuceae (Gramineae).
B.A. Harvard University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.
Psychology.
Waltraut von der Emde Deinert
The Effect of Involvement on Concept Maintenance.
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1954, M.A. University of
Wisconsin (Madison) 1955. Comparative Literature.
Martin Boris Friedman
Friedrich Gundolf's Literary Criticism.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1955. Comparative Literature.
William Hazlitt and the Development of Evocative Criticism.
Georg Hermann Dellbrugge
S.T.M. Oberlin College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1959.
Masaki Furuya
Religion.
Rigakushi, University of Tokyo 1949, Rigaku-hakushi 1960.
Simul Fustus et Peccator: A Study in the Theologies of Martin
Botany.
Luther and Reinhold Niebuhr.
Isolation and Partial Identification of Flavonoid Complexes
Controlling Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase Activity in Peas.
Richard Henry Desroches
B.A. Clark University (Massachusetts) 1947. Romance Lan-
John Garver Gagliardo
guages and Literatures (French).
B.A. University of Kansas 1954, M.A. 1957, M.A. Yale Uni-
Prévost's Cleveland: A Study of an Essential, Early, Pre-
versity 1958. History.
Romantic Novel.
Agrarian Reform and the Peasant in German Historical and
Political Literature, 1775-1840.
Jan Ginter Deutsch
B.A. Yale University 1955, B.A. University of Cambridge
John Gladson Gardner
1957. Political Science.
B.A. Yale University 1943, M.A. 1947. English Language and
Mobility and Nationality: A Study in Movement, Borders, and
Literature.
Citizenship.
The 'Public' Novels of Sir Walter Scott.
James William Dickoff
Gerald Thomas John Garvey
B.A. Washington University 1954, M.A. Yale University
B.S. Fairfield University 1956. Physics.
1958. Philosophy.
Evidence for Collective Effects in C12-C12 Reactions at 126 Mev.
Analytic Ethics: From Moore to Good as an External Mode.
Kulbir Sing Gill
Albert Richard Diebold, Jr.
B.Sc. Panjab University (India) 1950, M.Sc. 1952. Zoology.
B.A. Yale University 1956. Anthropology.
Developmental Genetic Studies on Oogenesis in Drosopbila
Bilingualism and Biculturalism in a Huave Community.
melanogaster.
John Oliver Dimmock
David Alexander Goslin
B.S. Yale University 1958. Physics.
B.A. Swarthmore College 1958, M.A. Yale University 1959.
Symmetry Properties of Wave Functions in Magnetic Crystals.
Sociology.
Accuracy of Self Perception and Adolescent Adjustment.
Barney Dowdle
B.S. University of Washington 1957, M.F. Yale University
Edgar Alstrup Gregersen
1958. Forestry.
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1957. Anthropology.
Investment Theory and Forest Management Planning.
Luo A Grammar.
Maurice David Egger
Robert Berry Griffin
B.S. Stanford University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.
B.A. University of California (Riverside) 1958. Romance
Psychology.
Languages and Literatures (French).
Some Effects of Amygdaloid Stimulation and Ablation on
Agrippa d'Aubigné's Le Printemps, Poetry between Two Wars.
Hypothalamically Elicited Attack Behavior in Cats.
James Edward Griffiss, Jr.
Joseph Ellin
B.A. Johns Hopkins University 1950, M.A. 1951, S.T.B.
B.A. Columbia University 1957, M.A. Yale University 1959.
General Theological Seminary 1954. Philosophy.
Philosophy.
A Study of the Principle of Negativity in the Philosophy of
George Herbert Mead's Philosophy of Mind.
Hegel.
Bryant Dennis Elrod
Robert Homer Griner
B.E.E. University of Detroit 1957, M.Eng. Yale University
B.A. Indiana University 1948, B.S. Purdue University 1948,
1959. Electrical Engineering.
M.A. Yale University 1952. Philosophy.
Analytical Techniques for Adaptive Control Systems.
The Method of Presupposition: A Significant A Priori.
42
Joseph Vincent Guerinot
Ernst Fedor Hoffmann
B.A. St. Bernard's Seminary (New York) 1949, M.A. Ford-
M.A. Yale University 1959. Germanic Languages and Litera-
ham University 1953. English Language and Literature.
tures.
Pamphlet Attacks on Alexander Pope, 1711-1744: A De-
Doppelungen im Roman der Deutschen Romantik (Doublings
scriptive Bibliography.
in Novels of the German Romantic Period).
Anna Gutmann
David Larrimore Holland
B.A. New York University 1954, M.A. University of Illinois
B.A. DePauw University 1955, B.D. Yale University 1959,
1956. Germanic Languages and Literatures.
M.A. 1960. Religion.
Supernatural Powers in Schiller's Dramas: Theory and Practice.
A Study of the Old Roman Symbol, Its Earliest Text with an
Historical Interpretation.
Donald Charles Haberman
B.A. Rutgers University 1955, M.A. Yale University 1959.
Thomas Johns Hopkins
English Language and Literature.
B.S. College of William and Mary 1953, B.S. Massachusetts
Thornton Wilder: A Study of His Theatrical Style.
Institute of Technology 1953, B.D. Yale University 1958,
M.A. 1959. Religion.
Robert Bonner Hager
The Vaishnava Bhakti Movement in the Bhagavata Purana.
B.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1958, M.S. Yale Uni-
Charles William Huver
versity 1959. Chemistry.
The Synthesis and Chemistry of Possible Photodimers of Di-
B.S. Michigan State University 1955. Zoology.
benzoylethylene and Diacetylethylene.
A Study of the Site and Origin of the Teleost Blastodisc.
Yukap Hahn
Elva Adams Hyatt
B.A. University of Southern California 1956, M.A. Yale Uni-
B.A. University of Delaware 1946, M.A. University of Buffalo
1957. Microbiology.
versity 1958. Physics.
Theory of Hyperfine Structure of the Ground State of Ortho-
A Genetic and Enzymatic Study of the Proline Locus in Neuro-
helium.
spora Crassa and Salmonella typbimurium.
Yuji Ito
Jerry Adams Harpst
B.S. Yale University 1957, M.A. 1958. Mathematics.
B.A. Wabash College 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.
Invariant Measures for Markov Processes.
Chemistry.
I. Diffusion of Binary Non-Aqueous Solutions. II. Diffusion of
Sumiko Iwao
Hydrochloric Acid in Aqueous Solutions and in Dioxane-Water
Gakushi, Keio University (Japan) 1957, M.S. Yale Univer-
Mixtures.
sity 1959. Psychology.
Internal vs. External Criticism of Group Standards.
Karsten Harries
B.A. Yale University 1958. Philosophy.
Patricia Ann James
In a Strange Land: An Exploration of Nihilism.
B.S. University of Detroit 1955, M.A. Yale University 1958.
Philosophy.
John Edmond Harvey
Decidability in the Logic of Subordinate Proofs.
B.A. Johns Hopkins University 1953, M.A. 1954. Romance
Forrest Crossett Jobes, Jr.
Languages and Literatures (French).
The Dramatic Technique of Jean Anouilh.
B.A. Oberlin College 1957, M.S. Yale University 1958.
Physics.
George John Hechtel
Experimental Study of the N14 (N14, N13) N15 Reaction.
B.S. Yale University 1957. Zoology.
Charles Frederick Jones
A Systematic Study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Ja-
B.A. Princeton University 1938, M.S. Yale University 1953.
maica.
Sociology.
Gerald Karl Helleiner
Social and Cultural Change in Three Minnesota Chippewa
Indian Communities.
B.A. University of Toronto 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.
Economics.
Philip Harding Jordan, Jr.
Interconnections between United States' and Canadian Capital
B.A. Princeton University 1954, M.A. Yale University 1956.
Markets, 1952-1960.
History.
Connecticut Politics During the Revolution and Confederation,
Gary Herbert Herling
1776-89.
B.A. University of Pennsylvania 1955, M.S. Yale University
David Kahn
1957. Physics.
Tests of Accuracy of Nucleon Transfer Calculations.
B.S. Brooklyn College 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959.
Physics.
Alan Wiley Heston
Kinetic Theory of Sound Propagation in Rarefied Gases.
B.A. University of Oregon 1955, M.A. University of Washing-
Phyllis Lorberblatt Kahn
ton 1957. Economics.
Corporate Cash and Security Holdings: An Empirical Study of
B.A. Cornell University 1957. Biophysics.
A Radioautographic Study of the Transfer of P⁸²-Labeled
Cash, Securities and Other Current Accounts of Large Corpora-
Parental DNA to Progony Phage.
tions.
Ajodhia Nath Kaul
Robert Nyden Hill
B.A. Panjab University (India) 1947, M.A. 1949, B.Litt.
B.A. Carleton College 1956, M.S. Yale University 1957.
University of Oxford 1955. American Studies.
Physics.
The Image of Actual Society and Ideal Community in Nine-
Coulomb and Electron-Phonon Interactions in a Dense Electron
teenth-Century American Fiction.
Gas.
John Thomas Kearns
Karl Albert Hochschwender
B.A. University of Notre Dame 1958, M.A. Yale University
B.A. Yale University 1947, M.A. 1949. Political Science.
1960. Philosophy.
The Politics of Civil Service Reform in West Germany.
Lesniewski, Language, and Logic.
43
Janis John Keggi
Janet Taylor Letts
B.S. Brooklyn College 1954, M.S. Yale University 1958.
B.A. Swarthmore College 1952. Romance Languages and
Chemistry.
Literatures (French).
Serratamolide, a Metabolite of Serratia Marcescens.
La Réalité historique et la pensée morale dans les Mémoires du
cardinal de Retz.
Robert William Kennedy
B.S. State University of New York (Syracuse) 1953, M.F.
Frances Randall Lipp
University of British Columbia 1955. Forestry.
B.A. University of Michigan 1954, M.A. University of Cali-
Influence of Incipient Decay on the Microtensile Strength and
fornia (Berkeley) 1956. English Language and Literature.
Related Chemical Properties of Wood.
The Carolingian Commentaries on Bede's De Natura Rerum.
Samuel Jay Keyser
Norman David Livergood
B.A. George Washington University 1956, B.A. University
B.A. Phillips University 1955, B.D. Yale University 1958,
of Oxford 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960. Linguistics.
M.A. 1959. Philosophy.
The Dialect of Samuel Worcester.
The Principle of Activity in Marx's Dissertation and Its In-
fluence on His Thought.
Myunghwan Kim
B.S. University of Alabama 1958, M.Eng. Yale University
William Ezra McCulloh
1959. Electrical Engineering.
B.A. Ohio Wesleyan University 1953, B.A. University of
Envelope Stability of a Thermistor-Controlled Oscillator.
Oxford 1956. Classical Languages and Literatures.
Michael Kowal
Tautometric Repetition in the Responsive Lyrics of Sophocles.
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1953. Comparative Litera-
Richard Curry Marius
ture.
B.S. University of Tennessee 1954, B.D. Southern Baptist
Franz Kafka: Problems in Interpretation.
Theological Seminary 1958, M.A. Yale University 1959.
Religion.
Joseph Solomon Krakow
Thomas More and the Heretics.
B.S. University of Michigan 1955. Pharmacology.
The Incorporation of Ribonucleotides and Deoxyribonucleo-
Robert Joseph Marty
tides into Deoxyribonucleic Acid by a Calf Thymus Enzyme.
B.S. Michigan State University 1954, M.F. Duke University
Franklin Barrett Krasne
1955, M.P.A. Harvard University 1959. Forestry.
Timber Investment Decisions: A Study of Economic Decision-
B.A. Stanford University 1959, M.S. Yale University 1961.
Making under Uncertainty in Forestry.
Psychology.
The Effect of Reward During and Following Partial Reward.
William Francis May
Herbert Frederick Kreimer, Jr.
B.A. Princeton University 1948, B.D. Yale University 1952.
Religion.
B.S. Yale University 1958. Mathematics.
Dread before Death and Revolt against Death: A Study of
Differential, Difference, and Related Operational Rings.
Heidegger and Camus.
Mordecai Kurz
Donald Carlton Mead
B.A. The Hebrew University (Israel) 1957, M.A. Yale Uni-
B.A. Haverford College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1957.
versity 1958, M.S. Stanford University 1960. Economics.
Economics.
Patterns of Growth and Valuation in a Two-Sector Model.
Monetary Analysis in an Underdeveloped Economy: A Case
Eugene Numa Lane
Study of Three East African Territories.
B.A. Princeton University 1958. Classical Languages and
Tsu-Lin Mei
Literatures.
B.A. Oberlin College 1954, M.A. Harvard University 1955.
A Re-study of the God Men.
Philosophy.
Kenneth Eino Lassila
Towards a Foundation for a Logic of Grammars.
B.S. University of Wyoming 1956, M.S. Yale University
James Francis Mello
1959. Physics.
B.A. Brown University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.
Phase Parameter and Potential Representations of Nucleon-
Geology.
Nucleon Scattering Data at Energies below 35° Mev.
Stratigraphy and Micropaleontology of Upper Pierre Shale in
Victoria Crane Lebovics
North-Central South Dakota.
B.A. Swarthmore College 1957. Romance Languages and
Richard Lawrence Merritt
Literatures (French).
B.A. University of Southern California 1955, M.A. University
The Moral Universe of Charles d'Orléans.
of Virginia 1956. International Relations.
Richard Thompson Lee
Symbols of American Community, 1735-1775.
B.A. Emory University 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.
James Cobean Miller
Philosophy.
B.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1953, M.Eng. Yale
Whitehead's Theory of the Self.
University 1958. Electrical Engineering.
Flux Reversal Processes in Ferrites.
Alfred Lessing
B.A. Carleton College 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.
Richard Alan Miller
Philosophy.
B.A. Oberlin College 1952, M.A. Yale University 1957. Eco-
Meaning and Value in Music: A Study of the Problem and
nomics.
Theories of Musical Aesthetics.
Exclusive Dealing in the Petroleum Industry: The Refiner-
Lessee Dealer Relationship.
Donald Thomas Lester
B.S. University of Maine 1955, M.F. Yale University 1957.
Paul Murray Minus, Jr.
Forestry.
B.A. Yale University 1955, B.D. 1958, M.A. 1960. Religion.
Hermaphroditism and Sex Expression in Populus Tremuloides
The Contemporary Catholic Reconsideration of Protestantism
Michx.
in French-speaking Europe.
44
Charles Montrie
William Vernon Porter
B.S. University of Notre Dame 1947, M.A. Yale University
B.S. Davidson College 1954, M.A. Oberlin College 1956.
1949. Economics.
History of Music.
Internal and External Balance in an Open Economy: The Case
The Origins of the Baroque Solo Song: A Study of Italian
of Belgium.
Manuscripts and Prints from 1590-1610.
Edwin Neal Moore
Herbert Bernard Posner
B.S. Southern Methodist University 1957, M.S. Yale Univer-
B.S. Brooklyn College 1953, M.A. 1958. Botany.
sity 1958. Physics.
Permanent and Temporary Effects of X-rays on the Repro-
I. Energy of Interaction of Two Helium Atoms. II. An Ex-
duction and Aging of Lemna Perpusilla.
amination of the Adequacy of Configuration Interaction
Techniques to Account for Correlation in Atomic Problems.
Frederic LeRoy Pryor
B.A. Oberlin College 1955, M.A. Yale University 1957.
Gordon George Moore
Economics.
B.S. Iowa State University 1956, M.S. Yale University 1958.
The Foreign Trade System of the European Communist Na-
Chemistry.
tions.
Reactions of Carbenes with the Covalent Bond.
Richard Edgecombe Quaintance, Jr.
Sami Majid Najm
B.A. Amherst College 1950, M.A. Yale University 1955.
B.A. Wesleyan University 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.
English Language and Literature.
Philosophy.
Passion and Reason in Restoration Love Poetry.
The Theory of Value: An Introduction to Philosophical In-
Leonard Bernard Radinsky
telligibility.
B.A. Cornell University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.
James Bruce Nelson
Geology.
B.A. Macalester College 1951, B.D. Yale University 1957,
Origin and Early Evolution of North American Tapiroidea.
M.A. 1959. Religion.
Derek Leonard Ransley
The Church as Context of the Moral Life.
B.Sc. University of Wales 1956, M.S. Yale University 1959.
Terry Watson Offield
Chemistry.
The Alkylation of Phenolate Ions.
B.S. Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1953, M.S. University of
Illinois 1955. Geology.
Andrew Michael Rauth
Bedrock Geology of the Goshen and Greenwood Lake Quad-
B.S. Brown University 1958. Biophysics.
rangles, New York.
The Energy Loss of Electrons in Thin Films.
Dunbar Hunt Ogden, III
Jacques Benezet Juvenal Read
B.A. Davidson College 1955, M.A. Duke University 1956.
B.A. Princeton University 1957, M.S. Yale University 1958.
History of the Theatre.
Chemistry.
Costume and Character on the Medieval Religious Stage.
Momentum Transfer in Heavy Ion Reactions.
Michael John Parenti
Herbert R Reinelt
B.A. City College of New York 1955, M.A. Brown Univer-
B.A. University of Washington 1951, B.D. Yale University
sity 1957. Political Science.
1954, M.A. 1958. Religion.
Ethnic and Political Attitudes: A Depth Study of Italian
God and Actuality: A Critical Interpretation of the Analogy
Americans.
between God and the World in Terms of the Categoreal Scheme
of Alfred North Whitehead.
Shim Choon Park
B.S. Seoul National University 1953, M.S. Baylor University
Dennis Michael Rohan
1956. Physics.
B.Ch.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1957, M.Eng. Yale
Long Distance Interactions between Nuclei from Heavy Ion
University 1958. Chemical Engineering.
Elastic Scattering.
Mass Dispersion in Fluidized Beds.
Morton Lennox Paterson
Abraham Rosman
B.A. Wesleyan University 1956, M.A. Yale University 1960.
B.A. City College of New York 1952. Anthropology.
English Language and Literature.
Social Structure and Acculturation among the Kanuri of
The Prosody of John Donne.
Northern Nigeria.
Derek Lee Phillips
Bernice Rosman
B.A. Rutgers University 1959, M.A. University of Arizona
B.A. Hunter College 1953, M.S. Yale University 1958. Psy-
1960. Sociology.
chology.
Help-Sources and Rejection of the Mentally Ill: An Experiment
Analytic Cognitive Style in Children.
in Influencing Responses to Mental Disorder.
Joseph Anthony Russo
Margaret McCrindle Plymire
B.A. Brooklyn College 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.
Classical Languages and Literatures.
B.S. University of Illinois 1956, M.A. Yale University 1961.
Word Localization and the Formulaic Nature of the Homeric
Sociology.
Adaptation to Illness: A Study of Patterns of Search.
Hexameter: A Study of Homeric Language.
Jeffrey Leonard Sammons
Charles Allan Porter
B.A. Yale University 1958. Germanic Languages and Litera-
B.S. Northwestern University 1953, M.A. 1954. Romance
tures.
Languages and Literatures (French).
A Structural Analysis of the Nachtwachen von Bonaventura.
The Description of Rural Life in the Works of Restif de la
Bretonne.
Robert Freeman Sayre
B.A. Wesleyan University 1955, M.A. Yale University 1959.
Stephen Cummings Porter
English Language and Literature.
B.S. Yale University 1955, M.S. 1958. Geology.
The Examined Self: Henry Adams and Henry James and
Geology of Anaktuvuk Pass, Central Brooks Range, Alaska.
American Autobiography.
45
Philip Ellis Schambra
Donald Ray Snodgrass
B.A. Rice University 1956. Biophysics.
B.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1957, M.A. Yale University
Effect of Accelerated Heavy Ions on Viruses and Cells.
1958. Economics.
The Varieties of Wage Decision Making: An Empirical Analy-
Wolfe William Schmokel
sis of Some Aspects of General Money Wage Level Determina-
B.A. University of Maryland 1957, M.A. Yale University
tion in American Manufacturing, 1948-1959.
1958. History.
Dream of Empire: A Study of Colonial Agitation and Planning
Adele Ruth Spitzer
in Germany 1919-1945.
B.A. Barnard College 1957, M.A. Yale University 1959.
Philosophy.
Neil Rolf Schroeder
The Unity of Plato's Theory of Art.
B.A. Brown University 1952. History of the Theatre.
As You Like It in the English Theatre 1740-1955.
Robert Atwood Spivey
B.A. Duke University 1953, B.D. Union Theological Seminary
Herbert Michael Schulman
(New York) 1956, M.A. Yale University 1958. Religion.
B.A. Bard College 1955. Microbiology.
The Origin and Milieu of the Gospel According to Thomas.
A Naturally Occurring DNA-RNA Complex from Neurospora
George Stephen Springer
Crassa.
B.E. University of Sydney 1959, M.Eng. Yale University
Albert Barry Schultz
1960, M.Sc. 1961. Mechanical Engineering.
B.S. University of Rochester 1955, M.Eng. Yale University
Solidification and Melting of Materials in Finite Systems with
1959. Mechanical Engineering.
Cylindrical Symmetry.
Nonlinear Response of Beams to Shock Pulse.
Thirukodikaval Nilakanta Sriinivasan
Richard Arthur Scoville
M.A. University of Madras (India) 1954, M.A. Yale Univer-
sity 1958. Economics.
B.A. Yale University 1956, M.A. 1957. Mathematics.
Investment Criteria and Choice of Techniques of Production.
Ergodic Theory and Completely Monotone Sequences.
Reginald Francis Stackhouse
David O'Keefe Sears
B.A. University of Toronto 1946, M.A. 1951, B.D. Wycliffe
B.A. Stanford University 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959.
College (Canada) 1954. Religion.
Psychology.
Thomas Arnold's Theory of Church and State.
Anticipated Criticism, Opinion Structure, and Opinion Change.
Rolfe Seaton Stanley
Harold Israel Shapiro
B.A. Williams College 1954, M.S. Yale University 1955.
B.A. Cornell University 1952, M.A. Yale University 1955.
Geology.
English Language and Literature.
Metamorphic Stratigraphy and Structural Geometry in the
Progressions of Discovery: Ruskin's Early Criticism of Painting.
Collinsville Quadrangle, Connecticut.
David Lynn Stonehill
Michael Shaw
B.A. DePauw University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Swarthmore College 1951. Comparative Literature.
Physics.
A Study of Ernst Jünger.
Two Pion Resonances in Pion Proton Interactions.
William Winslow Shea
Myron Strongin
B.A. Yale University 1954. Philosophy.
B.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1956, M.S. Yale Uni-
A Phenomenology of the Aesthetic Object.
versity 1957. Physics.
The Specific Heat of Liquid He³ and A Search for New Super-
David Sices
conductors Below 0.1°K.
B.A. Dartmouth College 1954. Romance Languages and
Michael Gordon Sundell
Literatures (French).
Music and the Musician in Jean-Cbristopbe: The Harmony of
B.A. Hamilton College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1958.
Contrasts.
English Language and Literature.
The Development of Matthew Arnold's Critical Theory and
Walter Henry Simson
Poetic Methods: 1844-1853.
Mus.B. American Conservatory of Music 1940, Mus.M.
Ronald Luke Sweitzer
Northwestern University 1941. History of Music.
B.A. Yale University 1950, M.A. 1952. English Language
The Motets of Andrea Gabrieli: Catalogue Raisonné and Criti-
and Literature.
cal Edition.
Wallace Stevens: A Study of His Theory of Imagination.
Arlene Silberstein Skolnick
Theodore Leonard Tarson
B.A. Queens College (New York) 1954. Psychology.
B.A. Yale University 1947, M.A. Columbia University 1948.
The Effects of Choice on Impression Formation.
American Studies.
Congressional Concepts of Competition, 1865-1890.
Peter Edison Sloane
Daniel Richard Tershak
B.A. Yale University 1947, M.A. 1957. Economics.
Determinants of Bond Yield Differentials 1954-1959.
B.S. King's College (Pennsylvania) 1958. Microbiology.
Radiobiological Analysis of Vaccinia Infected Cells.
Andrew Murray Smith
Charles Bahn Teske
B.A. Williams College 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959.
B.A. Lafayette College 1954, M.A. Yale University 1955.
Physics.
English Language and Literature.
Mutual Excitation in the Scattering System of Two C12 Nuclei.
The Pathetic Ballads of the Eighteenth Century.
Lewis Adams Smith
Jan Tumlir
B.A. Reed College 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959. Chem-
B.A. Yale University 1953, M.A. 1955. Economics.
istry.
Taxes, Public Expenditures and the Balance of Payments:
The Structure of Prodigiosin and Related Natural Products.
Germany, 1948-1958.
46
James Lawrence Tyne
Cynthia Margaret Wild
B.A. Loyola University (Illinois) 1944, M.A. Fordham Uni-
B.A. Radcliffe College 1954, M.S. Yale University 1957.
versity 1949, M.A. Yale University 1955. English Language
Psychology.
and Literature.
Adaptive Regression in Art Students, Teachers, and Schizo-
The Misanthrope and the Muse, Swift's Lapidary Verse.
phrenics.
Anthony Francis Vellturo
Donald John Williams
B.S. Yale University 1958, M.S. 1959. Chemistry.
B.S. Yale University 1955, M.S. 1958. Physics.
Part I. Tetramethylene cyclobutane. Part II. Synthesis of
Inelastic Excitations in Heavy Ion Reactions.
A 5, 7-Steroids.
John Carter Williams
James Henry Vignos
B.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1949, M.A. Yale Univer-
B.S. Case Institute of Technology 1955, M.S. Yale University
sity 1951. Classical Languages and Literatures.
1957. Physics.
Patterns and Variations of Rhythm in Hesiod's Works and Days.
The Propagation of First Sound in Liquid and Solid Heᵃ,
He⁴, and He³-He⁴ Mixtures.
Thomas Ellis Williams
Stanley David Walters
B.A. University of Rochester 1951, M.S. Southern Methodist
University 1957. Geology.
B.A. Greenville College 1952, B.D. Asbury Theological Semi-
Fusulinidae of the Hueco Group (Lower Permian), Hueco
nary 1955, Th.M. Princeton Theological Seminary 1960.
Mountains, Texas.
Near Eastern Languages and Literatures.
Early Old Babylonian Letters and Documents from Larsa.
Thomas Henry Williams
Harold Lerow Weatherby, Jr.
B.Sc. University College of the West Indies 1956, M.S. Yale
B.A. Vanderbilt University 1956, M.A. Yale University 1957.
University 1960. Chemistry.
The Structure of Picrotoxinin.
English Language and Literature.
Hardy's Art in Transition: A Study of Fude the Obscure.
Dorothy Moroz Willis
Gordon Frederick Weetman
B.A. Hunter College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1957. Eng-
B.Sc.F. University of Toronto 1955, M.F. Yale University
lish Language and Literature.
1958. Forestry.
The Mind and Art of Abraham Cowley.
Nitrogen Relations of a Black Spruce (Picea Mariana) Stand
Sophia Su-fei Yen
Subject to Various Treatments.
B.A. Scripps College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1957. Inter-
Mark Allen Weinstein
national Relations.
B.A. Cornell University 1959, M.A. Yale University 1960.
Taiwan in China's Foreign Relations 1836-1874.
English Language and Literature.
A Study of William Edmondstoune Aytoun.
Herwig Gerhard Zauchenberger
B.A. University of Colorado 1951, M.A. 1953, M.A. Yale
Henry Herbert Wells, III
University 1957, Dr.Phil. Universität Wien (Austria) 1957.
B.A. Duke University 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959.
Germanic Languages and Literatures.
Psychology.
Battle and Death in Eddic Poetry: A Comprehensive Com-
Transfer and Stimulus Effects in Disjunctive Concept Learning.
pilation for the Study of Formulaic Elements in Germanic Verse.
47
COMMENCEMENT 1702-1962
The first Yale Commencement was held on September 16, 1702, in Saybrook, Connecticut, at the
home of The Reverend Thomas Buckingham, one of the original trustees of the College.
The exercises were held first in New Haven in 1717 (with a graduating class of five) in what is
now called Center Church, and continued to be held there (except for private ceremonies during the
Revolutionary War) until 1895 when they were transferred to Battell Chapel. In 1903 they were moved
to Woolsey Hall where, beginning in 1926, two separate ceremonies were held-Graduation for under-
graduate degrees and Commencement for graduate, professional, and honorary degrees. The ceremonies
were combined again in 1950 and moved to the Old Campus; Ingalls Rink is prepared for an inclement
weather ceremony.
PROCESSION
The procession forms in the Cross Campus and consists of three divisions: (I) the Undergraduate
Colleges, (2) the Graduate and Professional Schools, and (3) the President, University Officers, Cor-
poration and Honorary Degree recipients. The procession leaves the Cross Campus at 10:00 A.M.
through the Noah Porter Gateway and proceeds down Elm Street to the northwest corner of the New
Haven Green.
Upon entering the Green, the files of candidates separate on opposite sides of the walks and halt
when they reach College Street opposite Phelps Gateway. The President, University Officers, Corpora-
tion and Honorary Degree recipients pass between the opened ranks, and the candidates tip their caps
as the President passes. In commemoration of the early commencements, the procession crosses the
Green in front of Center Church while the Church bell tolls.
The procession enters the Old Campus at 10:15 A.M. heralded by the playing of the chimes and
followed by tower music from Harkness Tower. Leading down the center aisle is the Corporation
Marshal followed by the Chief Marshal bearing the University Mace. The various groups of candidates
are then led to their assigned seats by their Faculty Marshals (see map on back page for locations).
The final groups to march down the center aisle, led by the Procession Marshal, are the Color
Guards bearing the National and State flags, the flags of the two ROTC units, the Banner of the Uni-
versity, and the Banners of the ten undergraduate colleges. The Banners of the graduate and pro-
fessional schools are brought separately to the platform by their groups which enter through Daniels
and Miller Gateways.
ACADEMIC COSTUME
Academic gowns represent a tradition which comes down from the universities of the Middle Ages.
At that time they were a common form of dress and were retained by the clergy when the laity adopted
more modern styles. The early European universities were founded by the church; the students, being
clerics, were obliged to wear the prescribed gowns at all times.
The usual color for academic gowns in America is black, although Yale masters and doctors may
wear Yale blue. The bachelor's gown is worn closed and has long pointed sleeves. The master's and
doctor's gowns are worn open. The President has a distinctive blue gown approved by the Corporation.
Caps, originally round, later became square mortarboards; the hoods were originally cowls attached to
the gown which could be slipped over the head for warmth.
The hoods are lined with the colors of the college or university from which the wearer received
his degree. The trimming or collar of the hood is of a color which designates the degree: blue for Phi-
losophy, brown for Fine Arts and Architecture, green for Medicine, salmon pink for Public Health,
apricot for Nursing, orange for Engineering, pink for Music, purple for Laws, russet for Forestry,
scarlet for Divinity, white for Liberal Arts, and golden yellow for Science. Honorary degree hoods are
identifiable as follows: Master of Arts (M.A.)-white; Doctor of Letters (Litt.D.)-white; Doctor of
Humane Letters (L.H.D.)-white; Doctor of Fine Arts (D.F.A.)-brown; Doctor of Science (Sc.D.)-
golden yellow; Doctor of Music (Mus.D.)-pink; Doctor of Divinity (D.D.)-scarlet; Doctor of Laws
(LL.D.)-purple.
Caps are black but the tassel for the graduate and professional degrees may be of the color cor-
responding to the hoods. Tassels for bachelors of arts, science and engineering are black. Tassels for
doctors may be gold.
48
Many European universities have distinctive caps and gowns which are different from those com-
monly used in this country. Some of the gowns are brightly colored and some are embellished with fur.
A number of these are worn by members of the Faculty.
MACES AND BANNERS
The University Mace, carried by the Chief Marshal, is the symbol of the President's authority.
It is made of silver, covered with gold, and weighs twenty-four pounds. It is set with lapis lazuli and
has a number of enameled medallions which symbolize the history and work of Yale. The names of all
Yale presidents are engraved on the shaft with the dates of their tenure in office.
The Procession Marshal bears a mace which is believed to be an XVIIIth Century Dutch drum
major's baton. The shaft is of wood and the head and fittings are of sterling silver. Each undergraduate
college has its own distinctive mace which is carried by the Faculty Marshal. The Student Marshals
carry wooden batons.
The banners of arms of Yale College, the residential colleges and the professional schools are
carried by honor students. The banners of arms of the undergraduate colleges are derived from the arms
of each college illustrated on page five of this program. They were designed and executed by Professor
Theodore Sizer.
CEREMONY
The degree candidates are presented by the respective Deans, and the candidates for commissions
in the Armed Services of the United States are presented by the commanding officers of the ROTC
units. (ROTC graduates have taken the oath of office earlier in the day at a special ceremony.) The
President confers the degree specified by the Deans, and the Student Marshals come forward to receive
the diplomas symbolic of the degree. The bundles are retained by the Student Marshals and, after the
ceremony on the Old Campus is concluded, the new graduates return to their respective colleges where
they receive their diplomas individually from the hands of the Master of their college. The candidates
from the graduate and professional schools similarly receive their diplomas individually from their
respective Deans at separate ceremonies.
DEGREES
Although Jacob Heminway was Yale's first student, the first degree (Bachelor of Arts) was awarded
purely on examination to Nathaniel Chauncey in 1702 and the first degree in course to John Hart in
1703. In 1861 the first Doctor of Philosophy degree in the country was conferred at Yale. The Univer-
sity's first Bachelor of Divinity degree was awarded in 1867, the first Master of Arts in course in 1876,
and the first Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1891. The Bachelor of Philosophy degree was conferred from 1852
to 1931. The degrees most recently approved by the Corporation are the Master of Arts in Religion,
the Master of Science in Nursing, the Master of Industrial Administration, and the Master of Arts in
Teaching.
The tradition of awarding honorary degrees was begun in 1702 with the award of four Masters'
degrees; the first Doctor's degree was an honorary Doctor of Medicine in 1723. Since then Yale has
conferred the following: 95 Bachelors of Arts; 6 Bachelors of Philosophy; I Bachelor of Laws; 568
Masters of Arts; 20 Masters of Science; 186 Doctors of Medicine; 224 Doctors of Divinity; 34 Doctors
of Humane Letters; 6 Doctors of Fine Arts; 116 Doctors of Science; 78 Doctors of Letters; 13 Doctors
of Music; 2 Doctors of Philosophy; 503 Doctors of Laws. In addition the Master of Arts degree has
been awarded "privatim" to 477 senior members of the Faculty who have not received Yale Master's
or Doctor's degrees.
RECESSIONAL
When the Benediction has been pronounced, the Harkness Chimes are heard again and the Pro-
cession Marshal gives the signal to begin the recessional. The Corporation Marshal and the Chief
Marshal follow and in turn are followed by the personages on the stage and the Faculty who have been
seated immediately in front of the stage. The members of the undergraduate colleges and the graduate
and professional schools are then led from the Old Campus, the guests remaining in their places until
the graduates have departed.
49
THE CARL PURINGTON ROLLINS PRINTING-OFFICE OF THE YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
WHITMAN gateway
high STREET GATE
DANIELS gateway
LAW
FORESTRY
NURSING
DIVINITY
MUSIC
DRAMA
ARCHITECTURE
ART AND
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COLOR
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PRESIDENT'S
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STACE
COLLEGES
UNDERGRADUATE
SUNNERS
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UNDERGRADUATE
П-яотс BAND ROTC
COLLEGES
PRESS MARSHALS ;
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Ph.D. MEDICINE HEALTH EERING
ENGINEE ENGINEERING MS
4
E
CHENEY ives
GATEWAY
PHELPS ARCHWAY
MILLER gateway
Let me begin by expressing my deep
appreciation of the honor you have
conferred on me. As General de Gaulle
accormates
A
acknowledges America to be the daughter
of Europe, so am I pleased to come to
Yale, the daughter of Harvard. Indeed,
I have heard that Yale may someday have
daughters of its own -- and, now that I
am an alumnus, I may apply on behalf of
my daughter.
Hund be Daid
Someone has told me that I now have
the best of both worlds
a Harvard
education and a Yale degree.
2
I am particularly glad to become a
Yale man, because as I think about my
troubles, I find that a lot of them have
come from other Yale men. Among
businessmen, I have had a minor
disagreement with Roger Blough, of the
Law School Class of 1931, and I have had
some complaints too from my friend
Henry Ford, of the class of 1940. In
journalism, I seem to have a difference
with John Hay Whitney, of the class of
1926 -- and sometimes I also displease
Harry Henry Luce of the class of 1920 -- not
to mention William F. Buckley, Jr., of
the class of 1950.
3
In politics my luck is better, but
lately I have had small arguments with
Bob Wagner of the class of 1933 and Bill
Proxmire of the class of 1938 --- and they
are members of my own party.
I even have trouble with some of my
Yale advisers. I get along with them,
but they don't always get along with each
other: I have the warmest feelings for
Chester Bowles of the class of 1924 and
for Dean Acheson of the class of 1915 ---
but I am not 100 per cent sure that these
two wise and experienced Yale men wholly
agree with each other on every issue.
4
So this Administration, which aims
at peaceful cooperation among all
Americans, has been the victim of a
certain natural pugnacity among Yale men.
Now that I am a Yale man too, it is time
for peace. Last week, at West Point, in
the historic tradition of that Academy,
I availed myself of the powers of the
Commander-in-Chief to remit all the
sentences of offending cadets. In that
same spirit -- and in the historic
tradition of Yale -- let me now offer to
smoke the clay pipe of friendship with al
my brother Elis -- and I hope that they
may be friends not only with me but with
each other.
5
In any event I am very glad to be
here - - and as a new member of the club
I have been checking to see what earlier
links existed between this institution
and the Presidency. I found that a
member of the class of 1878, William
Howard Taft, served one term in the
White House as preparation for becoming
a member of this faculty
and a
graduate of 1804, John C. Calhoun
wind
regarded the Vice Presidency as too
lowly a station for a Yale alumnus --
and became the only man in history ever
to resign that office.
6
Calhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878
graduated into a world very different
from the one which faces you. They and
their contemporaries spent entire careers
in grappling with a few dramatic issues
on which the nation was sharply divided --
issues that often occupied attention for
a generation at a time: the National
Bank, the disposal of the public lands,
nullification or union, freedom or
slavery, gold or silver.
Today these old sweeping issues have
largely disappeared. The central domestic
problems of our own time are more subtle
and less simple. They relate, not to basic
clashes of philosophy or ideology,
7
but to ways and means of reaching common
goals -- to research for sophisticated
solutions to complex and obstinate
issues. The world of Calhoun, the world
of Taft, had its own hard problems and
notable challenges. But its problems are
not our problems. Its challenges are not
our challenges. Their age is not our age.
As every past generation has had to
desenthrall
disentangle itself from an inheritance of
truism and stereotype, so in our own time
we must move on from the reassuring
repetition of stale phrases to a new,
difficult but essential confrontation of
reality.
8
For the great enemy of the truth is
very often not the lie -- deliberate,
contrived and dishonest -- but the
myth -- persistent, persuasive and
unrealistic. Too often we hold fast
to the cliches of our forebearers.
We subject all facts to a prefra-
bricated set of interpretations. We
enjoy the comfort of opinion without
the discomfort of thought.
Mythology distracts us everywhere ---
in government as in business, in
politics as in economics, in foreign
affairs as in domestic policy. But
today I want particularly to consider
myth and reality in our national
economy. In recent months many
have come to feel, I believe
9
come to feel that the dialogue between
the parties -- between business and
government -- between government and the
public -- is clogged by illusion and
platitude and fails to reflect the true
realities of contemporary American
society.
I speak of these matters here at
Yale because of the self-evident truth
that a great university is always
enlisted against the spread of illusion
and on the side of reality. No one has
said it more clearly than President
Griswold: "Liberal learning is both a
safeguard against false ideas of freedom
and a source of true ones. Your role as
university men, whatever your calling,
10
will be to increase each new generation's
grasp of its new duties,
* *
There are three great areas of our
domestic affairs in which, today, there
is a danger that illusion may prevent
effective action. They are: first:
the question of the size and shape of
government's responsibilities; second:
the question of public fiscal policy;
and third: the matter of confidence --
business confidence, or public
confidence -- or simply confidence in
America. I want to talk about all three.
I want to talk about them carefully and
dispassionately --
11
and I emphasize that I am concerned
here not with political debate but
with finding ways to separate false
problems from real ones.
If a contest in angry argument
were forced upon it, no Administration
could shrink from response, and
history does not suggest that American
Presidents are totally without
resources in an engagement forced upon
them because of hostility in one
sector of society. But in the wider
national interest we need, not partisan
wrangling, but common concentration
on common problems. I come this
morning to ask you to join in this
great task.
* * *
12
Let us take first the question of
the size and shape of government. The
myth here is that government is big,
and bad -- and steadily getting bigger
and worse. Obviously this myth has
some excuse for existence. It is true
that in recent history each new
Administration has spent much more
money than its predecessors. Thus
President Roosevelt outspent President
Hoover, and with allowance for the
special case of the Second World War,
President Truman outspent President
Roosevelt. Just to prove that this
was no partisan matter, President
Eisenhower then outspent President
Truman by the landsome figure of 180
billion dollars.
13
It is even possible that this trend
may continue.
But does it follow that big
government is growing relatively
bigger? It does not -- for the fact
is that for the last fifteen years
the federal government -- and also
the federal debt -- and also the
federal bureaucracy --- have grown
less rapidly than the economy as a
whole. If we leave defense and
space expenditures aside, your federal
government, since the Second World
War, has expanded less than any other
major sector of our national life --
less than industry -- less than
commerce - - -
14
less than agriculture -- less than
higher education -- and very much less
than the noise about big government.
The truth about big government is
the truth about any other great
activity -- it is complex. Certainly
it is true that size brings dangers --
as we have lately seen in such areas
as stockpiling and agricultural
storage. But it is also true that
size can bring great benefits. Here
at Yale, which has contributed so
much to our national progress in
science and medicine, it may be
proper for me to mention one great
and little-noticed expansion of
government that has brought strength to
our whole society:
15
the new role of our federal government
as the major patron of research in
science and medicine. Few people
realize that in 1961, in support of
all university research in science
and medicine, three dollars out of
every four came from the federal
government. I need hardly point out
that this has taken place without
undue enlargement of government
control -- that American scientists
remain second to none in their
independence, and even in their
rugged individualism.
Government in this country is
nearly always related to other forces.
Was I we suggesting
is ther the fena by Dinne
L regard to from 70
each care
mind he determed it merks
16
I am not suggesting that federal
expenditures cannot bring some measure
of control. The whole thrust of
federal expenditures in agriculture
have been related by purpose and by
design to control
as a means
of dealing with the problems created
by our farmers and growing productivity.
Each sector of activity must be
approached on its own merits and in
terms of specific national needs.
Generalities in regard to federal
expenditures, therefore, can be
misleading -- each case, science,
urban renewal, education, agriculture,
natural resources, each case must be
determined on its merits if we are
to profit by from
17
our unrivaled ability to combine the
strength of public and private
agencies, public and private purposes --
public and private interests.
* * *
Next, let us turn to the problem
of fiscal policy. Here the myths
are legion and the truth sometimes
hard to find. But let me take as a
prime example the problem of the federal
budget. We persist in measuring our
Federal fiscal integrity today by
the conventional or administrative
budget -- with results which would
be regarded as absurd in any business
firm - - in any country of Europe --
18
or in any careful assessment of the
reality of our national finances.
The administrative budget has sound
administrative uses. But for wider
purposes it is less helpful. It omits
our special trust funds; it neglects
changes in assets or inventories; it
cannot tell a loan from a straight
expenditure -- and worst of all it
cannot distinguish between operating
expenditures and long-term investments.
This budget -- in relation to the
great problems of Federal fiscal
policy -- is not simply irrelevant;
it is actively misleading.
19
And yet there is a mythology that
measures all our soundness or
unsoundness on the single simple basis
annual
of this same administrative budget.
If our federal budget is to serve,
not the debate, but the country, we
must and will find ways of cleaning
up this area of discourse.
Still in the area of fiscal policy,
let me say a word about deficits. The
myth persists that Federal deficits
create inflation and budget budy surpluses
prevent it. Yet sizeable surpluses
after the war did not prevent inflation,
and persistent deficits for the last
several years have not upset our basic
price stability.
20
Obviously deficits are sometimes
dangerous -- and SO are surpluses.
But honest assessment plainly requires
a more sophisticated view than the
cliche that deficits are inflationary.
There are myths also about our
public debt. It is widely supposed
that this debt is growing at a
dangerously rapid rate. In fact both
the debt per person and the debt as a
proportion of our gross national
product have declined sharply since
the Second World War. In absolute
terms the national debt has increased
only 8 per cent,
21
while private debt was increasing
305 per cent and the debts of state
and local governments increased
378 per cent. Moreover debts, public
and private, are neither good nor
bad, in and of themselves. Borrowing
can lead to overextension and collapse --
but it can also lead to expansion and
strength. There is no single simple
slogan in this field that can deserve
our trust.
Finally, I come to the problem of
confidence. Confidence is a matter of
myth and also a matter of truth --
and this time let me take the truth of
the matter first.
22
It is true -- and of high
importance -- that the prosperity of
this country depends on assurance that
all major elements within it will
live up to their responsibilities. If
business were to neglect its
obligations to the public; if labor
were blind to all public responsibility;
above all, if government were to
abandon its obvious - - - and statutory --
duty of watchful concern for our
economic health - - - if any of these
things should happen, then confidence
might well be weakened, and the danger
of stagnation would increase. This
is the true issue of confidence.
23
But there is also the false issue
== and its simplest form is the
assertion that any and all unfavorable
turns of the speculative wheel --
however temporary and however plainly
speculative in character --- are the
result of "lack of confidence in the
national Administration." This, I
must tell you, whole comforting,
is not wholly true. Worse, it
obscures the reality -- which is
also simple. The solid ground of
mutual confidence is the necessary
partnership of government with all
the sectors of our society in the
steady quest for economic progress.
24
This Administration is not going to
give way to general hostility to
business merely because there has been
a single temporary disagreement with
am
a singl individual or industry, nor
will the future belong to those who
ignore the realities of our economic
life in a neurotic search for unending
reassurance.
Corporate plans are not based on a
political confidence in party leaders
but on an economic confidence in the
nation's ability to invest and produce
and consume.
25
Business had full confidence in the
administrations in power in 1929,
1954, 1958 and 1960 -- but this was
not enough to prevent recession when
business lacked full confidence in
the economy. What matters is the
capacity of the nation as a whole to
deal with its economic problems and
opportunities.
* * *
The sterotypes I have been
discussing distract our attention and
divide our effort. These stereotypes
do our nation a disservice, not just
because they are exhausted and
irrelevant,
26
27
but above all because they are
misleading -- because they stand in the
way of the solution of hard and
complicated problems. It is not new
that past debates should obscure
present realities. But the damage
of such false dialogue is greater
today than ever before, simply because
today the safety of all the world --
the very future of freedom -- depends
as never before upon the sensible
and clear-headed management of the
domestic affairs of the United States.
The real issues of our own time are
rarely SO dramatic as the issues of the
age of Calhoun.
2027 28 27
The differences today are mainly matters
of degree. And we cannot understand
and attack our contemporary problems
if we are bound by the traditional
labels and worn-out slogans of an
earlier era. But the unfortunate fact
of the matter is that our rhetoric has
not kept pace with the speed of social
and economic change. Our political
debates, our public discourse -- on
current domestic and economic issues --
too often bear little relation to the
practical problems we face.
What is at stake in our economic
decisions today is, not some grand
warfare of rival ideologies, but the
practical management of the modern
economy.
20 28
What we need is, not more labels and
more cliches, but more basic discussion
of the sophisticated and technical
questions involved in keeping our
mighty economic machine moving steadily
ahead.
The national interest lies in high
employment, steady expansion of output,
stable prices and a strong dollar. The
declaration of such objectives is easy;
their attainment in an intricate and
interdependent economy and world is a
little more difficult. To attain them,
we require not facile ideology but hard
thought. Let me end by suggesting a
few of the real questions on our
national agenda.
x inet 29
here pay
How can our budget and tax policies
supply adequate revenues and preserve
our balance of payments position,
without slowing up our economic growth?
How are we to set our interest
rates and regulate the flow of money
in ways which will stimulate the
economy at home without weakening the
dollar abroad aiven the spectrum of
What
our economic responsibilities which
has
should be the mix between fiscal and
there
monetary actions? Jalices
In give
leaving angula S
With the necessity of maintaining
I
our competitive position in the world,
what should be the price and wage
policies of our basic industries?
Is there a public interest in such
price and wage decisions, and, if so,
Warranty han Windling been
lined fine amount geot they has that the me my
may walle liked fin and an
LET ME GIVE SEVERAL EXAMPLES FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE
OF THE COMPLEXITY OF THESE MATTERS AND HOW POLITICAL
LABELS AND IDELOGICAL APPROACHES ARE FREQUENTLY
IRRELEVANT TO THEIR SOLUTION.
LAST WEEK A DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE OF THIS SCHOOL,
SENATOR PROXMIRE OF THE CLASS OF 1938; WHO IS ORDINARILY
REGARDED AS A LIBERAL DEMOCRAT SUGGESTED THAT WE SHOULD
FOLLOW IN MEETING OUR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS A STIFF FISCAL
POLICY = WITH EMPHASIS ON BUDGET BALANCING AND AN EASY
MONETARY POLICY -- WITH LOW INTEREST RATES IN ORDER TO
ECONOMY
KEEP OUR MOVING.
IN THE SAME WEEK THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT
IN BERNE, SWITZERLAND, A CONSERVATIVE ORGANIZATION
REPRESENTING CENTRAL BANKERS OF EUROPE SUGGESTED THAT THE
APPROPRIATE ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES SHOULD
?
PERMIT POLICY AS IN EUROPE WITH
the my A FLEXIBLE olivid BUDGET follm
DIFICITS WHEN THE ECONOMY IS DOWN AND A HIGH MONETARY
POLICY AS IN EUROPE WITH HIGH INTEREST RATES, IN ORDER
Dr
2
TO CONTROL INFLATION AND PRODUCE GOLD. BOTH MAY BE
RIGHT OR WRONG. IT WILL DEPEND ON MANY OTHER FACTORS. THE
POINT IS THAT THIS IS BASICALLY AN ADMINISTRATIVE AND
9 with
EXECUTIVE PROBLEM AND POLITICAL CLICHES OR LABELS WILL
NOT SOLVE IT.
LET ME GIVE YOU A SECOND EXAMPLE. A WELL_KNOWN
BUSINESS JOURNAL THIS MORNING RAISED THE PROSPECTS THAT
A FURTHER BUDGET DEFICIT WOULD BRING INFLATION AND
ENCOURAGE THE FLOW OF GOLD. WE HAVE HAD SEVERAL RECENT
BUDGET DEFICITS BEGINNING WITH OUR 12 1/2 BILLION DOLLAR
DEFICIT IN 1958 AND IT IS TRUE THAT IN THE FALL OF 1960
for
WE HAD A RECORD LOSS RUNNING AT AN ANNUAL RATE OF 5 BILLION
DOLLARS. THIS WOULD SEEM TO PROVE THE CASE THAT A
DEFICIT PRODUCES INFLATION AND A LOSS OF GOLD.
YET THERE WAS NO INFLATION FOLLOWING THE 1960 58
defents
an
RECESSION AND DEFICIT NOR SINCE THEN. OUR WHOLESALE PRICE
INDEX SINCE 1958 IN SPITE OF SEVERAL DEFICITS HAS REMAINED
THE SAME AND THE LOSS OF GOLD HAS BEEN DUE TO OTHER REASONS
Ar
3
Min
THAN PRICE INSTABILITY -- RELATIVE INTEREST RATES,
RELATIVE EXPORT IMPORT BALANCES, NATIONAL SECURITY
corputal plans.
EXPENDITURES, ETC.
LET ME GIVE YOU A THIRD AND FINAL EXAMPLE. AT
THE WORLD BANK MEETING IN SEPTEMBER A NUMBER OF AMERICAN
BANKERS ATTENDING PREDICTED TO THEIR EUROPEAN
COLLEAGUES THAT BECAUSE OF THE FISCAL 62 BUDGET DEFICIT
THERE
THEXXX SHOULD BE STRONG INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON THE
DOLLAR AND INCREASES IN THE GOLD FLOW. THEIR PREDICTION
OF INFLATION WAS SHARED BY MANY IN BUSINESS AND HELPED
PUSH THE STOCK MARKET UP. THE RECENT REALITY OF NON-
INFLATION HELPED BRING IT DOWN. ofer WE HAVE HAD INFLATION
BECAUSE OF PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES AND BECAUSE OF
. )
THE INACCURATE USE OF PLANT CAPACITY AND MANPOWER.
shird the life United a then
THESE men WHO KNOW AS MUCH ABOUT OUR ECONOMY AS
ANY IN THE COUNTRY WERE NOT CORRECT IN THEIR JUDGMENTS.
home as he { clear the they when
I BELIEVE IT IS IN PART BECAUSE OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE THAT
IN OTHER DAYS AND PARTICULARLY IN OTHER COUNTRIES DEFICITS
he the Fedul a T middlen. into they No
fame they low Fill the nuter was put the ty ) amy
A3
4
HAVE INEVITABLY BROUGHT STRONG INFLATIONARY PRESSURES.
am worgesty
LET ME MAKE IT CLEAR THAT I RECOGNIZE THAT
me defered
Coved ur
IRRESPONSIBLE BUDGET POLICIES CAN BRING INFLATIONARY
easemed
PRESSURES AGAIN IN THIS COUNTRY AS OTHER EXCESSIVE
WAGE AND PRICE POLICIES. WHAT I AM SUGGESTING IS THAT
THE PROBLEM OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY AND THE
S/
BALANCE OF PAYMENT PRESENT COMPLEX AND SUBTLE CHALLENGES
has prictred,"
FOR WHICH TECHNICAL ANSWERS MUST BE PROVIDED.
THESE ARE MATTERS UPON WHICH GOVERNMENT AND
BUSINESS MAY DISAGREE. THEY ARE CERTAINLY MATTERS THAT
GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS SHOULD BE DISCUSSING IN THE
MOST SOBER, DISPASSIONATE AND CAREFUL WAY IF WE ARE
TO MAINTAIN THE KIND OF VIGOROUS ECONOMY UPON WHICH
OUR COMMON SECURITY DEPENDS.
30
how is it to be defined and organized
and expressed?
How can we develop and sustain strong
and stable world markets for basic
commodities without unfairness to the
consumer and without unreasonable
stimulus to producers?
How can we generate the buying power
which will absorb the products of our
factories and farms?
How can we share the benefits and
burdens of technical progress, and how
can we make sure that the bnefits to
some are not offset by the burdens
on others? How can we take advantage
of the miracles of automation, with its
premium on highly trained labor,
22 31
and yet offer employment to the half a
million of unskilled school drop-outs
who enter the labor market every year?
How do we eradicate the barriers
which separate substantial minorities
of our citizens from access to
opportunities for education and
employment on equal terms with the rest?
How, in sum, can we make our free
economy work at full capacity --- that
is, provide adequate profits for
enterprise, adequate wages for labor,
adequate utilization of plan and
adequate opportunity for all?
32
These are the problems that we
should be talking about -- the real
problems of our age. They cannot be
solved by incantations from the
forgotten past. But the example of
Western Europe shows that they are
capable of solution -- that governments,
and many of them are conservative
governments, prepared to face technical
problems without ideological
preconceptions, can coordinate the
elements of a national economy to
bring about unexampled growth and
prosperity.
Some conversations I have recently
heard -- and overheard -- in our
own country sound like old records,
3433
long-playing, left over from the middle
thirities. The debate of the thirties
had its great significance and produced
its great results. But it took place in
a different world with different needs
and different tasks. It is our
responsibility today to live in our own
world -- and to identify the needs and
discharge the tasks of the nineteen
sixties.
If there is any current trend
toward meeting present problems with
ancient cliches, this is the moment to
stop it -- before it lands us all in a
bog of sterile acrimony.
Discussion is essential; and I am
hopeful that the debate of recent weeks,
34
though up to now somewhat barren, may
represent the start of a serious
dialogue of the kind which has led in
Europe to such fruitful collaboration
among all the elements of economic
society and to a decade of unrivalled
economic progress. But let us not
engage in the wrong argument at the
wrong time between the wrong people
in the wrong country -- while the
real problems of our own time grow
and multiply, fertilized by our
neglect.
Nearly 150 years ago Thomas
Jefferson wrote, "The new circumstances
under which we are placed call for
new words, new phrases, and for the
transfer of old words to new objects."
35
the send ten
That is our need today -- and it
should also be our ambition -- to
25 is am respunding an u tyerys
replace imaginary issues by real,
July
and tired slogans by fresh insight.
As we work in concert to meet the
have will will imp im
authentic problems of our own time,
we will generate an energy and vision
which will demonstrate anew to the
world the superior vitality and
strength of the free society.
her wnd here plane-
the Tran fer I ed and The t - w
mayor mummar Air them trady when Jeffer mhat L. with
human the vir Jan une
FILED IN THE PRESIDENT'S OFFICE
FILES: :SPEECH FILES: VALUABLE DOCUMENTS
8
For the great enemy of the truth is
very often not the lie -- deliverate,
contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -
persistent, persuasive and unrealistic.
Too often we hold fast to the cliches of
our forebears. We subject all facts to a
Prefrabricated set of interpretations. We
enjoy the comfort of opinion without the
discomfort of thought.
Mythology distracts us everywhere --
in government as in business, in politics
as in economics, in foreign affairs as in
domestic policy. But today I want
particularly to consider myth and reality
in our national economy. In recent months
many have Gome I believe
Excerpts from Robert A. Dahl and Charles E. Lindblom,
Politics, Economics, and Welfare, New York, 1953.
/Dahl is a Yale political scientist, Lindblom a Yale economist.
"In economic life the possibilities for rational social
action, for planning, for reform--in short, for solving problems
--depend not upon our choice among mythical grand alternatives
but largely upon choice among particular social techniques." (p.6)
" techniques and not 'isms' are the kernel of rational
social action in the Western world." (p. 16)
"In economic organization and reform, the 'great issues' are
no longer the great issues, if ever they were. It has become in-
creasingly difficult for thoughtful men to find meaningful alterna-
tives posed in the traditional choices between socialism and
capitalism, planning and the free market, regulation and laissez
faire, for they find their actual choices neither so simple nor so
grand. Not so simple, because economic organization poses knotty
problems that can only be solved by painstaking attention to technical
details--how else, for example, can inflation be controlled? Nor
so grand, because, at least in the Western world, most people
neither can nor wish to experiment with the whole pattern of socio-
economic organization to attain goals more easily won." (p. 3)
REMARKS OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY
YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, JUNE 11, 1962
JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY, President of the United States.
You have brought to the White House a spirit which has opened
our eyes to prospects of new achievement in our own country, in
the world, and in the infinite reaches of space. You have reminded
us that we have a future worthy of our past. An historian yourself,
you have accepted the responsibility of power and with it the
judgment of history, which honors boldness yet holds men sternly
accountable for their acts. The courage and resourcefulness you
showed on active duty in wartime stand by you now in a time of
peace that is not peace and war that is not war. Yale honors you in
your lonely task and confers upon you the degree of Doctor of
Laws.
Alfred Whitney Griswold
REMARKS OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY
YALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
JUNE 11, 1962
President Griswold, members of the faculty, graduates and their
families, ladies and gentlemen: Let me begin by expressing my ap-
preciation for the very deep honor that you have conferred upon
me. As General DeGaulle occasionally acknowledges America to be
the daughter of Europe, so I am pleased to come to Yale, the daugh-
ter of Harvard. It might be said now that I have the best of both
worlds, a Harvard education and a Yale degree.
I am particularly glad to become a Yale man because, as I
think about my troubles, I find that a lot of them have come from
other Yale men. Among businessmen I have had a minor disagree-
ment with Roger Blough, of the Law School class of 1931, and I
have had some complaints too from my friend Henry Ford, of the
class of 1940. In journalism, I seem to have a difference with John
Hay Whitney, of the class of 1926-and sometimes I also displease
table challenges. But its problems are not our problems. Their age
Henry Luce of the class of 1920, not to mention also William F.
is not our age. As every past generation has had to disenthrall itself
Buckley, Jr., of the class of 1950. I even have some trouble with my
from an inheritance of truism and stereotype, so in our own time
Yale advisors. I get along with them, but I am not always sure how
we must move on from the reassuring repetition of stale phrases to
they get along with each other.
a new, difficult but essential confrontation with reality.
So this Administration which aims at peaceful cooperation
For the great enemy of the truth is very often not the lie-
among all Americans has been the victim of a certain natural pug-
deliberate, contrived and dishonest-but the myth-persistent,
nacity developed in this city among Yale men. Now that I, too, am
persuasive and unrealistic. Too often we hold fast to the clichés of
a Yale man, it is time for peace. Last week at West Point, in the
our forebears. We subject all facts to a prefabricated set of interpre-
historic tradition of that Academy, I availed myself of the powers
tations. We enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of
of Commander-in-Chief to remit all sentences of offending cadets.
In that same spirit, and in the historic tradition of Yale, let me now
thought.
offer to smoke the clay pipe of friendship with all of my brother
Eli's, and I hope that they may be friends not only with me but even
with each other.
I have been checking to see what earlier links existed between
Mythology distracts us everywhere-in government as in busi-
the institution of the Presidency and Yale. I found that a member
ness, in politics as in economics, in foreign affairs as in domestic
of the class of 1878, William Howard Taft, served one term in the
policy. But today I want to particularly consider the myth and
White House as preparation for becoming a member of this faculty.
reality in our national economy. In recent months many have come
And a graduate of 1804, John C. Calhoun, regarded the Vice Pres-
to feel, as I do, that the dialogue between the parties-between busi-
idency as too lowly a station for a Yale alumnus-and became the
ness and government-is clogged by illusion and platitude and fails
only man in history ever to resign that office.
to reflect the true realities of contemporary American society.
I speak of these matters here at Yale because of the self-evident
truth that a great university is always enlisted against the spread of
illusion and on the side of reality. No one has said it more clearly
than your President Griswold: "Liberal learning is both a safe-
Calhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878 graduated into a world very
guard against false ideas of freedom and a source of true ones."
different from ours today. They and their contemporaries spent
Your role as university men, whatever your calling, will be to in-
entire careers stretching over 40 years in grappling with a few dra-
crease each new generation's grasp of its new duties.
matic issues on which the nation was sharply and emotionally di-
vided, issues that occupied the attention of a generation at a time:
the National Bank, the disposal of the public lands, nullification or
union, freedom or slavery, gold or silver.
Today these old sweeping issues very largely have disappeared.
There are three grèat areas of our domestic affairs in which,
The central domestic issues of our time are more subtle and less
today, there is a danger that illusion may prevent effective action.
simple. They relate, not to basic clashes of philosophy or ideology,
They are, first, the question of the size and the shape of govern-
but to ways and means of reaching common goals-to the search for
ment's responsibilities; second, the question of public fiscal policy;
sophisticated solutions to complex and obstinate issues. The world
and third, the matter of confidence, business confidence or public
of Calhoun, the world of Taft had its own hard problems and no-
confidence-or simply confidence in America. I want to talk about
all three, and I want to talk about them carefully and dispassion-
Yale, which has contributed so much to our national progress in
ately-and I emphasize that I am concerned here not with political
science and medicine, it may be proper for me to mention one
debate but with finding ways to separate false problems from real
great and little-noticed expansion of government which has
ones.
brought strength to our whole society: the new role of our federal
If a contest in angry argument were forced upon it, no Adminis-
government as the major patron of research in science and in med-
tration could shrink from response, and history does not suggest
icine. Few people realize that in 1961, in support of all university
that American Presidents are totally without resources in an en-
research in science and medicine, three dollars out of every four
gagement forced upon them because of hostility in one sector of so-
came from the federal government. I need hardly point out that
ciety. But in the wider national interest, we need not partisan
this has taken place without undue enlargement of government
wrangling, but common concentration on common problems. I
control-that American scientists remain second to none in their in-
come this morning to ask you to join in this great task.
dependence and in their individualism.
I am not suggesting that federal expenditures cannot bring
some measure of control. The whole thrust of federal expenditures
in agriculture has been related by purpose and design to control as
a means of dealing with the problems created by our growing agri-
cultural productivity. Each sector of activity must be approached
Let us take first the question of the size and shape of govern-
on its own merits and in terms of specific national needs. General-
ment. The myth here is that government is big, and bad-and
ities in regard to federal expenditures, therefore, can be misleading
steadily getting bigger and worse. Obviously this myth has some ex-
-each case, science, urban renewal, education, agriculture, natural
cuse for existence. It is true that in recent history each new Admin-
resources, must be determined on its merits if we are to profit from
istration has spent much more money than its predecessor. Thus
our unrivaled ability to combine the strength of public and private
President Roosevelt outspent President Hoover and, with allow-
purpose.
ances for the special case of the Second World War, President Tru-
man outspent President Roosevelt. Just to prove that this was not
a partisan matter, President Eisenhower outspent President Tru-
man by the handsome figure of $182 billion. It is even possible,
some think, that this trend may continue.
Next, let us turn to the problem of our fiscal policy. Here the
But does it follow that big government is growing relatively
myths are legion and the truth hard to find. But let me take as a
bigger? It does not-for the fact is for the last 15 years, the federal
prime example the problem of the federal budget. We persist in
government-and also the federal debt-and also the federal bu-
measuring our federal fiscal integrity today by the conventional
reaucracy-have grown less rapidly than the economy as a whole.
or administrative budget-with results which would be regarded as
If we leave defense and space expenditures aside, the federal gov-
absurd in any business firm-in any country of Europe-or in any
ernment since the Second World War has expanded less than any
careful assessment of the reality of our national finances. The ad-
other major sector of our national life-less than industry, less than
ministrative budget has sound administrative uses. But for wider
commerce, less than agriculture, less than higher education, and
purposes it is less helpful. It omits our special trust funds; it neg-
very much less than the noise about big government.
lects changes in assets or inventories; it cannot tell a loan from a
The truth about big government is the truth about any other
straight expenditure; and, worst of all, it cannot distinguish be-
great activity-it is complex. Certainly it is true that size brings
tween operating expenditures and long-term investments.
dangers-but it is also true that size can bring benefits. Here at
This budget-in relation to the great problems of federal fiscal
policy-is not simply irrelevant; it can be actively misleading. And
will live up to their responsibilities. If business were to neglect its
yet there is a mythology that measures all of our national soundness
obligations to the public; if labor were blind to all public re-
or unsoundness on the single simple basis of this same annual ad-
sponsibility; above all, if government were to abandon its obvious
ministrative budget. If our federal budget is to serve, not the de-
-and statutory-duty of watchful concern for our economic health
bate, but the country, we must and will find ways of clarifying this
-if any of these things should happen, then confidence might well
area of discourse.
be weakened and the danger of stagnation would increase. This is
Still in the area of fiscal policy, let me say a word about def-
the true issue of confidence.
icits. The myth persists that federal deficits create inflation and
But there is also the false issue-and its simplest form is the as-
budget surpluses prevent it. Yet sizeable budget surpluses after the
sertion that any and all unfavorable turns of the speculative wheel-
war did not prevent inflation, and persistent deficits for the last
however temporary and however plainly speculative in character-
several years have not upset our basic price stability. Obviously def-
are the result of "lack of confidence in the national administra-
icits are sometimes dangerous-and so are surpluses. But honest
tion." This I must tell you, while comforting, is not wholly true.
assessment plainly requires a more sophisticated view than the old
Worse, it obscures the reality-which is also simple. The solid
and automatic cliché that deficits automatically bring inflation.
ground of mutual confidence is the necessary partnership of gov-
ernment with all of the sectors of our society in the steady quest for
economic progress.
Corporate plans are not based on a political confidence in party
leaders but on an economic confidence in the nation's ability to in-
vest and produce and consume. Business had full confidence in the
There are myths also about our public debt. It is widely sup-
Administrations in power in 1929, 1954, 1958, and 1960-but this
posed that this debt is growing at a dangerously rapid rate. In fact,
was not enough to prevent recession when business lacked full con-
both the debt per person and the debt as a proportion of our gross
fidence in the economy. What matters is the capacity of the nation
national product have declined sharply since the Second World
as a whole to deal with its economic problems and its opportunities.
War. In absolute terms the national debt increased only 8 per cent,
while private debt was increasing 305 per cent, and the debts of
state and local governments increased 378 per cent. Moreover,
debts, public and private, are neither good nor bad, in and of them-
selves. Borrowing can lead to overextension and collapse-but it
can also lead to expansion and strength. There is no single, simple
The stereotypes I have been discussing distract our attention
slogan in this field that we can trust.
and divide our effort. These stereotypes do our nation a disservice,
not just because they are exhausted and irrelevant, but above all
because they are misleading-because they stand in the way of the
solution of hard and complicated problems. It is not new that past
debates should obscure present realities. But the damage of such a
false dialogue is greater today than ever before simply because to-
Finally, I come to the problem of confidence. Confidence is a
day the safety of all the world-the very future of freedom-depends
matter of myth and also a matter of truth-and this time let me take
as never before upon the sensible and clear-headed management of
the truth of the matter first.
the domestic affairs of the United States.
It is true-and of high importance-that the prosperity of this
The real issues of our time are rarely so dramatic as the issues
country depends on assurance that all major elements within it
of the age of Calhoun. The differences today are usually matters of
degree. And we cannot understand and attack our contemporary
kets for basic commodities without unfairness to the consumer and
problems in 1962 if we are bound by traditional labels and worn-
without undue stimulus to the producer?
out slogans of an earlier era. The unfortunate fact of the matter is
How can we generate the buying power which can consume
that our rhetoric has not kept pace with the speed of social and
what we produce on our farms and in our factories?
economic change. Our political debates, our public discourse-on
How can we take advantage of the miracles of automation with
current domestic and economic issues-too often bear little or no
the great demand that it will put upon highly skilled labor and yet
relation to the actual problems the United States faces.
offer employment to the half million of unskilled school dropouts
What is at stake in our economic decisions today is, not some
each year which enter the labor market, eight million of them in
grand warfare of rival ideologies which will sweep the country
the 1960's?
with passion, but the practical management of a modern economy.
How do we eradicate the barriers which separate substantial
What we need is not labels and cliches but more basic discussion of
minorities of our citizens from access to education and employment
the sophisticated and technical questions involved in keeping a
on equal terms with the rest?
great economic machine moving ahead.
How, in sum, can we make our free economy work at full ca-
The national interest lies in high employment and steady ex-
pacity-that is, provide adequate profits for enterprise, adequate
pansion of output, in stable prices, and a strong dollar. The decla-
wages for labor, adequate utilization of plant and adequate oppor-
ration of such objectives is easy; their attainment in an intricate
tunity for all?
and interdependent economy and world is a little more difficult.
To attain them, we require not automatic response but hard
thought. Let me end by suggesting a few of the real questions on
our national agenda.
Let me give several examples from my experience of the com-
plexity of these matters and how political labels and ideological ap-
proaches are irrelevant to their solution.
Last week, a distinguished graduate of this school, Senator
How can our budget and tax policies supply adequate revenues
Proxmire, of the class of 1938, who is ordinarily regarded as a lib-
and preserve our balance of payments position without slowing up
eral Democrat, suggested that we should follow in meeting our
our economic growth?
economic problems a stiff fiscal policy, with emphasis on budget
How are we to set our interest rates and regulate the flow of
balance, and an easy monetary policy with low interest rates in
money in ways which will stimulate the economy at home, without
order to keep our economy going. In the same week, the Bank for
weakening the dollar abroad? Given the spectrum of our domestic
International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, a conservative or-
and international responsibilities, what should be the mix between
ganization representing the central bankers of Europe, suggested
fiscal and monetary policy?
that the appropriate economic policy in the United States should
With the necessity of maintaining our competitive position in
be the very opposite; that we should follow a flexible budget pol-
the world, what should be the price and wage policies of our basic
icy as in Europe, with deficits when the economy is down, and a high
industries? Is there a public interest in such price and wage deci-
monetary policy on interest rates in Europe in order to control in-
sions, and, if so, how is it to be defined and organized and ex-
flation and protect gold.
pressed?
Both may be right or wrong. It will depend on many different
How can we develop and sustain strong and stable world mar-
factors. The point is that this is basically an administrative or exec-
utive problem to which political labels or clichés do not give us a
way if we are to maintain the kind of vigorous economy upon
solution.
which our country depends.
A well-known business journal this morning, as I journeyed to
New Haven, raised the prospect that a further budget deficit would
bring inflation and encourage the flow of gold. We have had sev-
eral budget deficits beginning with a $121/2 billion deficit in 1958,
and it is true that in the Fall of 1960 we had a dollar loss running
These are the problems that we should be talking about-that
at $5 billion annually. This would seem to prove the case that a
the political parties and the various groups in our country should
deficit produces inflation and that we lose gold. Yet there was no
be discussing. They cannot be solved by incantations from the for-
inflation following the deficit of 1958, nor has there been infla-
gotten past. But the example of Western Europe shows that they
tion since then.
are capable of solution-that governments, and many of them are
Our wholesale price index since 1958 has remained completely
conservative governments, prepared to face technical problems
level in spite of several deficits. The loss of gold has been due to
without ideological preconceptions, can coordinate the elements of
other reasons: relative interest rates, relative export-import bal-
a national economy to bring about growth and prosperity-a decade
of it.
ance, national security expenditures-all the rest.
Let me give you a third and final example. At the World Bank
Some conversations I have heard in our own country sound
meeting in September in Vienna, a number of American bankers
like old records, long-playing, left over from the middle Thirties.
predicted to their European colleagues that because of the Fiscal
The debate of the Thirties had its great significance and produced
1962 budget deficit, there would be a strong inflationary pressure
great results. But it took place in a different world with different
on the dollar and a loss of gold. Their predictions of inflation were
needs and different tasks. It is our responsibility today to live in
shared by many in business and helped push the market up. The
our own world-and to identify the needs and discharge the tasks
of the 1960's.
recent reality of non-inflation helped bring it down. We have had
no inflation because we have had other factors in our economy
If there is any current trend toward meeting present problems
that have contributed to price stability.
with old clichés, this is the moment to stop it-before it lands us all
I do not suggest that the government is right and businessmen
in a bog of sterile acrimony.
are wrong. The fact of the matter is that in the Federal Reserve
Discussion is essential; and I am hopeful that the debate of
Board and in the Administration this Fall, a similar view was held
recent weeks, though up to now somewhat barren, may represent
by many well-informed and disinterested men: that inflation was
the start of a serious dialogue of the kind which has led in Europe
the major problem we would face in the Winter of 1962. It was not.
to such fruitful collaboration among all the elements of economic
What I do suggest is that these problems are endlessly complicated.
society and to a decade of unrivaled economic progress. But let us
Yet they go to the future of this country and its ability to prove to
not engage in the wrong argument at the wrong time between the
the world what we believe it must prove.
wrong people in the wrong country-while the real problems of our
I am suggesting that the problems of fiscal and monetary pol-
own time grow and multiply, fertilized by our neglect.
icies in the Sixties are different from the kinds of problems we
faced in the Thirties, and present subtle challenges for which
technical answers, not political answers, must be provided. These
are matters upon which government and business may and in many
cases will disagree. They are certainly matters that the government
Nearly 150 years ago Thomas Jefferson wrote, "The new
and business should be discussing in the most sober, dispassionate
circumstances under which we are placed call for new words, new
phrases, and for the transfer of old words to new objects." That is
truer today than it was in the time of Jefferson, because the role of
this country is so vastly more significant.
There is a show in England called "Stop the World, I Want to
Get Off." You have chosen not to exercise that option. You are part
of the world and you must participate in these days of our years in
the solution of the problems that pour upon us requiring the most
informed and technical judgment.
As we work in consonance to meet the authentic problems of
our times, we will generate a vision and an energy which will dem-
onstrate anew to the world the superior vitality and strength of the
free society.
Final version authorized for publication by President Kennedy, July 17, 1962.
Document source description
This file contains materials collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning President Kennedy's remarks at the 1962 Yale University graduation ceremony. In his speech the President thanks the University for the honorary degree bestowed upon him, and discusses three areas of domestic concern where the prevalence of myth dangerously impedes progress: fiscal policy, confidence in an administration, and the concept of "big government." Materials in this folder include various memoranda of suggested talking points, a draft by Special Assistant to the President and speechwriter Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., a press copy, and a reading copy of the speech with handwritten notations by the President, as well as a luncheon menu, program for the commencement exercises, and an additional transcript of the speech published by Yale University.
Page data
- Page
- 169
- Source index
- 0
- Type
- document
- Media ID
- cee876719a61931e
- Size
- unknown
Document data
- ID
- 193921
- Core
- doc
- Type
- document
DTO data
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"description": "This file contains materials collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning President Kennedy's remarks at the 1962 Yale University graduation ceremony. In his speech the President thanks the University for the honorary degree bestowed upon him, and discusses three areas of domestic concern where the prevalence of myth dangerously impedes progress: fiscal policy, confidence in an administration, and the concept of \"big government.\" Materials in this folder include various memoranda of suggested talking points, a draft by Special Assistant to the President and speechwriter Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., a press copy, and a reading copy of the speech with handwritten notations by the President, as well as a luncheon menu, program for the commencement exercises, and an additional transcript of the speech published by Yale University.",
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"ocrText": "FOR RELEASE ON DELIVERY MONDAY, JUNE 11, 1962\nOffice of the White House Press Secretary\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nREMARKS OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY,\nCOMMENCEMENT EXERCISES, YALE UNIVERSITY,\nNEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, JUNE 11, 1962\n(As Delivered)\nPresident Griswold, members of the faculty,\ngraduates and their families, ladies and gentlemen: Let\nme begin by expressing my appreciation for the very deep\nhonor that you have conferred upnn me. As General DeDaulle\noccasionally acknowledges, America to be the daughter of\nEurope, so I am pleased to come to Yale, the daughter of\nHarvard. It might be said now that I have the best of\nboth worlds, a Harvard education and a Yale degree.\nI am particularly glad to become a Yale man\nbecause as I think about my troubles, I find that a lot of\nthem have come from other Yale men. Among businessmen I\nhave had a minor disagreement with Roger Blough, of the\nLaw School Class of 1931, and I have had some complaints too\nfrom my friend Henry Ford, of the class of 1940. In\njournalism, I seem to have a difference with John Hay\nWhitney, of the class of 1926 -- and sometimes I also\ndisplease Henry Luce of the class of 1920, not to mention\nalsoWilliam F. Buckley, Jr., of the class of 1950. I even\nhave some trouble with my Yale advisors. I get along with\nthem, but I am not always sure how they get along with\neach other.\nI have the warmest feelings for Chester Bowles\nof the class of 1924 and for Dean Acheson, of the class\nof 1915, and my assistant, McGeorge Bundy, of the class of\n1940, but I aam not 100 per cent sure that these three wise\nand experienced Yale men wholly agree with each other on\nevery issue.\nSo this Administration which aims at peaceful\ncooperatin among all Americans has been the victim of a\ncertain natural pugnacity developed in this city among\nYale men. Now that I, too, am a Yale man, it is time for\npeace. Last week at West Point, in the historic tradition\nof that Acadmmy, I availed myself of the powers of\nCommander in Chief to remit all sentences of offending cadets.\nIn that same spirit, and in the histori C tradition of Yale,\nlet me now offer to smoke the clay piple of friendship with\nall of my brother Elis, and I hope that they may be\nfriends not only with me but even with each other.\nIn any event, I am very glad to be here and as\na new member of the club, I have been checking to see what\nearlier links existed between the institution of the\nPresidency and Yale, I found that a member of the class\nof 1878, William Howard Taft, served one term in the White\nHouse as preparation for becoming a member of this faculty.\nAnd a graduate of 1804, John C. Calhoun, regarded the Vice\nPresidency as too lowly a station for a Yale alumnus --\nand became the only man in history to ever resign that office.\nCalhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878 graduated into a\nworld very different frcm ours today. They and their\n- 2 -\ncontemporaries spent entire careers stretching over 40 years\nin grappling with a few dramatic issues on which the nation\nwas sharply and emotionally divided, issues that occupied the\nattention of a generation at a time: the National Bank,\nthe disposal of the public lands, nullification or union.\nfreedom or slavery, gold or silver, Today these old\nsweeping issues very largely have disappeared. The central\ndomestic issues of our time are more subtle and less simple.\nThey relate not to basic clashes of philosophy or ideology\nbut to ways and .means of reaching common goals -- to research\nfor sophisticated solutions to complex and obstinate issues.\nThe world of Calhonn, the world of Taft had its own hard\nproblems and notable challenges. But its problems are not\nour problems. Their age is not our age. As every past\ngeneration has had to disenthrall itself from an inheritance\nof truism and stereotype, so in our own time we must move\non from the reassuring repetition of stale phrases to a new,\ndifficult but essential confrontation with reality.\nFor the great enemy of the truth is very often not\nthelie deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the\nmyth -- persistent, persuasive and unrealistic, Too often\nwe hold fast to the cliches of our forebears. We subject\nall facts to a prefabricated set of interpretations. We\nenjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of\nthought.\nMythology districts us everywhere-- in government as\nin business, in politics as in economics, in foreign affairs\nas in deomstic policy. But today I want to partiu larly\nconsider the myth and reality in our national economy. In\nrecent months many have come to feel, as I do, that the\ndialog between the parties -- between business and\ngovernment -- is clogged by illusion and platitude and fails\nto reflect the true realities of contemporary American\nsociety.\nI speak of these matters here at Yale because of\nthe self evident truth that a great university is always\nenlisted against the spread of illusion and on the side of\nreality. No one has said it more clearly than your\nPresident Griswold: \"Liberal learing is both a safeguard\nagainstfalse ideas of freedom and a source of true ones.\nYour role as university men, whatever your calling, will be\nto increase each new generation's grasp of its new cuties.\nThere are three great areas of our domestic affairs\nin which, today, there is a danger that illusionmay prevent\neffective action. They are, first, the question of the\nsize and the shape of government's responsibilities; second,\nthe question of public fiscal policy; and third, the matter\nof confidence, business confidence or public confidence,\nor simply confidence in America. I want to talk about all\nthree, and I want to talk about them carefuly and dispassion-\nately -- and I wmphasize that I am concerned here not with\npolitical debate but with finding ways to separate false\nproblems from real ones.\nIf a contest in angry argument were forced upon it,\nno Administration could shrink from response, and history\ndoes not suggest that American Presidents are totally\nwithout resources in an engagement forced upon them because\nof hostility in one sector of society. But in the wider\nnatioal interest, we need not partisan wrangling, but common\nconcentration on common problems. I come this morning to\nask you to join in this great task.\nLet us take first the question of the size and\nshape of government. The myth here is thatgovernment is big,\n- 3 -\nand bad -- and steadilygetting bigger and worse. Obviously\nthis myth has some escuse for existence. It is true that\nin recent history each new Administration has spent much more\nmoney than its predecessor. Thus President Roosevelt out-\nspent President Hoover, and Wi th allowances for the special\ncase of the Second World War, President Truman outspent\nPresident Roosevelt, Just to prove that this was not a\npartisæmatter, President Eisenhower outspent President\nTruman by the handsome figure of $182 billion. It is even\npossible something of this trend may continue.\nBut does it follow that big government is growing\nrelatively bigger? It does not -- for the fact is for the\nlast 15 years, the Federal Government -- and also the\nFederal debt -- and also the federal bureaucracy -- have\ngrown less rapidly than the economy as a whole. If we leave\ndefense and space expenditures aside, the Federal Government\nsince the Second World War has expended less than any other\nmajor sector of our national life -- lessthanindustry less\nthan commerce, less than agriculture, less than higher\neducation, and very much less than the noise about big\ngovernment.\nThe truth about big government is the truth about\nany other great activity -- it is complex. Certainly it is\ntrue that size brings dangers -- but it is also true that aize\nalso canbring benefits. Here at Yale whichhas contributed\nso much to our national progress in science and medicine, it\nmay be proper for me to mention one great and little\nnoticed expansion of government which has brought strength\nto ourwhole society. The new role of our federal government\nas the major patron of research in science and in medicine.\nFew people realize that in 1961, in support of all\nuniversity research in science and medicine, three dollars\nout of every four came from the federal government. I need\nhardly point out that this has taken place rithout undue\nenlargement of government control -- that Imerican scientists\nremain second to none in their independence and in their\nindividualism.\nI am not suggesting that federal expenditures cannot\nbring some measure of control. The whole thrust of federal\nexpenditures in agriculture have been related by purpose an d\ndesign to control.\nas a means of dealing with the problems\ncreated by our farmers and our growing productivity. Each\nsector, my point is, of activity mustbe approached on its\nown merits and in terms of specific natonal needs.\nGeneralities in regard to federal expenditures, therefore,\ncan be misleading -- each case, science, urban renewal,\neducation, agriculture, natural resources, each case must be\ndetermined on its merits if we are to profit from our\nunrivaled ability to combine the strength of public and\nprivate purpose.\nNext, let us turn to the problem of our fiscal policy.\nHere the myths are legion and the truth hard to find. But let\nme take as a prime example the problem of the federal budget.\nWe persist in measuring our federal fiscal integrity\ntoday by the conventional or administrative budget -- with\nresults which waid be regarded as absurd in any business firm\n-- in any country of Europe -- or in any careful assessment of\nthe reality of our national finances. The administrative\nbudget has sound addinistrative uses. But for wider purposes\nit is less helpful. It omits our special trust funds; it\nneglects changes in assets or inventories. It cannot tell\na loan froma straight expenditure -- and worst of all it\ncamnot distinguish between operating expenditures and long\nterm investm ents.\n- 4-\nThis budget, in relation to the great problems ₫\nfederal fiscal policy, is not simply irrelevant; it can be\nactively misleading. And yet there is a mythology that\nmeasures all of our national soundness or unsoundness on\nthe single simple basis of this same annual administrative\nbudget. If our federal budget is to serve, not the debate,\nbut the country, we must and will find ways clarifying\nthis area of discourse.\nStill in the area of fiscal policy, let me say a\nword about deficits. The myth persists that federal\ndeficits create inflation and budget surpluses prevent it.\nYet sizeable budget surpluses after the war did not prevent\ninflation, and persistent deficits for the last several years\nhave not upset our basic price stability. Obviously deficits\nare sometimes dangerous -- and so are surpluses. But\nhonest assessment plainly requires a more sophisticated view\nthan the old and automatic cliche that deficits automatically\nbring inflation.\nThere are myths also about our public debt. It is\nwidely supposed that this debt is growing at a dangerously\nrapid rate. In fact, both the debt per person and the debt\nas a proportion of our gross national product have declined\nsharply since the Second World War. In absolute terms the\nnational debt increased only 8 per cent, while private debt\nwas increasing 305 per cent, and the debts of state and local\ngovernments increased 378 per cent. Moreover, debts, public\nand private, are neither good nor bad, in and of themselves.\nBorrowing can lead to over-extension and collapse -- but it\ncan also lead to expansionandstrength. There is no single,\nsimple slogan in this field that we can trust\nFinally, I come to the problem of confidence.\nConfidence is a matter of myth and also a matter of truth --\nand this time let me take the truth of the matter first.\nIt is true- and of high importance -- that the\nprosperity of this country depends on assurance that all major\nelements within it will live up to their responsibilities.\nIf business were to neglect its obligations to the public;\nif labor were blind to all public.aresponsibility; above\nall, if government were to abandon its obvious -- and\nstatutory -- duty of watchful concern for our economic\nhealth -- if any of these things should happen, then\nconfidence might well be weakened and danger of stagnation\nwould increase. This is the true issue of confidence.\n- 5 -\nBut there is also the false issue -- and its simplest\nform is the assertion that any and all unfavorable turns of\nthe speculative wheel however temporary and however plainly\nspeculative in character -- are the result of, and I quote,\n\"lack of confidence in the national administration. This I\nmust tell you, while comforting, is not wholly true. Worse,\nit obscures the reality--which is also simple. The solid ground\nof mutual confidence is the necessary partnership of government\nwith all of the sectors of our society in the steady quest for\neconomic progress.\nCorporate plans are not based on a political confidence\nin party leaders but on an economic confidence in the nation's\nability to invest and produce and consume. Business had full\nconfidence in the Administrations in power in 1929, 1954, 1958,\nand 1960 -- but this was not enough to prevent recession when\nbusiness lacked full confidence in the economy. What matters\nis the capacity of the national as a whole to deal with its\neconomic problems and its opportunities.\nThe stereotypes I have been discussing distract our\nattention and divide our effort. These stereotypes do our\nnation a disservice, not just because they are exhausted and\nirrelevant, but above all because they are misleading --\nbecause they stand in the way of the solution of hard and\ncomplicated facts. It is not new that past debates should\nobscure present realities. But the damage of such a false\ndialogue is greater today than ever before simply because\ntoday the safety of all the world -- the very future of\nfreedom -- depends as never before upon the sensible and\nclear-headed management of the domestic affairs of the United\nStates.\nThe real issues of our time are rarely so dramatic as\nthe issues of Calhoun. The differences today are usually matters\nof degree. And we cannotunderstand and attack our contemporary\nproblems in 1962 if we are bound by traditional labels and worn-out\nslogans of an earlier era. But the unfortunate fact of the\nmatter is that our rhetoric has not kept pace with the speed\nof social and economic change. Our political debates, our\npublic discourse -- on current domestic and economic issues -- too\noften bear little or no relation to the actual problems the\nUnited States faces.\nWhat is at stake in our economic decisions today\nis not some grand warfare of rival ideologies which will sweep\nthe country with passion but the practical management of a\nmodern economy. What we need is not labels and cliches but\nmore basic discussion of the sophisticated and technical questions\ninvolved in keeping a great economic machinery moving ahead.\nThe national interest lies in high employment and steady\nexpansion of output, in stable prices, and a strong dollar.\nThe declaration of such an objective is easy; their attainment\nin an intricate and interdependent economy and world is a\nlittle moredifficult. To attain them, we require not some\nautomatic response but hard thought. Let me end by suggesting\na few of the real questions on our national agenda.\nFirst, how can our budget and tax policies supply\nadequate revenues and preserve our balance of payments\nposition without slowing up our economic growth?\nTwo, how are we to set our interest rates and regulate\nthe flow of money in ways which will stimulate the economy at\nhome, without weakening the dollar abroad? Given the\nspectrum of our domestic and international responsibilities,\nwhat should be the mix between fiscal and monetary policy?\nLet me give several examples from my experience of the\nxomplexity of these matters and how political labels and\nideological approaches are irrelevant to the solution.\nLast week, a distinguished graduate of this school,\nSenator Proxmire, of the Class of 1938, who is ordinarily\n- 6 -\nregarded as a liberal Democrat, suggested that we should follow\nin meeting our economic problems a stiff fiscal policy, with\nemphasis on budget balance and an easy monetary policy with low\ninterest rates in order to keep our economy going. In the same\nweek, the Bank International in Basil, Switzerland, a conserva-\ntive organization representing the central bankers of Europe\nsuggested that the appropriate economic policy in the United\nStates should be the very opposite; that we should follow a\nflexible budget policy as in Europe, with deficits when the\neconomy is down and a high monetary policy on interest rates\nin Europe in order to control inflation and protect goals.\nBoth may be right or wrong. It will depend on many different\nfactors.\nThe point isthat this is basically an administrative\nor executive problem in which political labels or cliches do\nnot give us a solution.\nA well-known business journal this morning, as I\njourneyed to New Haven, raised the prospects that a further\nbudget deficit would bring inflation and encourage the flow\nof gold. We have had several budget deficits beginning with\na $12 billion deficit in 1958, and it is true that in the Fall\nof 1960 we had a gold dollar loss running at $5 billion annually.\nThis would seem to prove the case that a deficit produces in-\nflation and that we lose gold, yet there was no inflation\nfollowing the deficit of 1958 nor has there been inflation\nsince then.\nOur wholesale price index since 1958 has remained\ncompletely level in spite of several deficits, because\nthe loss of gold has been due to other reasons: price in-\nstability, relative interest rates, relative export-import\nbalance, national security expenditures -- all the rest.\nLet me give you a third and final example. At the\nWorld Bank meeting in September, a number of American bankers\nattending predicted to their European colleagues that because\nof the Fiscal 1962 budget deficit, there would be a strong\ninflationary pressure on the dollar and a loss of gold.\nTheir predictions of inflation were shared by many in business\nand helped push the market up. The recent reality of non-\ninflation helped bring it down. We have had no inflation\nbecause we have had other factors in our economy that have\ncontributed to price stability.\nI do not suggest that the government is right and they\nare wrong. The fact of the matter is in the Federal Reserve\nBoard and in the Administration this Fall, a similar view was\nheld by many well-informed and disinterested men that inflation\nwas the major problem we would face in the Winter of 1962,\nbut it was not, What I do suggest is that these problems\nare endlessly complicated and yet they go to the future of this\ncountry and its ability to prove to the world what we believe\nit must prové.\nI am suggesting that the problems of fiscal and\nmonetary policies in the Sixties as opposed to the kinds of\nproblems we faced in the Thirties demand subtle challenges\nfor which technical answers, not political answers, must be\nprovided. These are mattersupon which government and business\nmay and in many cases will disagree. They are certanly\nmatters that the governmat and business should be discussing\nin the most sober, dispassionate way if we are to maintain\nthe kind of vigorous economy upon which our country\ndepends.\nHow can we develop and sustain strong and stable world\nmarkets for basic commodities without unfairness to the\nconsumer and without undue stimulus to the producer? How\ncan we generate the buying power which can consume what we\nproduce on our farms and in our factories. How can we take\nadvantage of the miracles of automation with the great\ndemand that it will put upon highly skilled labor and yet\noffer employment to the half million of unskilled school\ndropouts each year which enter the labor market, eight\nmillion of them in the 1960's.\n- 7 --\nHow do we eradicate the carriers which separate\nsubstantial minorities of our citizens from access to\neducation and employment on equal terms with the rest?\nHow, in sum, can we make our free dconomy work\nat full capacity -- that is, provide adequate profits for\nenterprise, adequate wages for labor, adequate utilization of\nplant and opportunity for all?\nThese are the problems that we should be talking\nabout -- that the political parties and the various groups\nin our cuuntry should be discussing. They camnot be solved\nby incantations of the forgotten past, But the example of\nWestern Europe shows that they are capable of solution --\nthat goverments, and many of them are conservative\ngovernments, prepared to face technical problems without\nideological preconcept ions, can coordinate the elements of\na national economy to bring about growth and prosperity --\na decade of it.\nSome conversations I have heard in our own country\nsound like old records, longplaying, left over from the middle\nThirties. The debate of the Thirties had its great\nsignificance and produced great results but it took place\nin a different world with different needs and different tasks.\nIt is our responsibility today to live in our own world --\nand to identify the needs and discharge the tasks of the 1960's.\nIf there is any current trend toward meeting present\nproblems with old cliches, this is the moment to stop it --\nbefore it lands us all in a bog of sterile acrimony.\nDiscussion is essential; and I am hopeful that the\ndebate of recent weeks, though up to now somewhat barren,\nmay represent the start of a serious dislogue of the kind\nwhich has led in Europe to such fruitful collaboration among\nall the elements of economic society and to a decade of\nunrivaled economic progress. But let us not engage in the\nwrong argument at the wrong time between the wrong people\nin the wrong country -- while the real problems of our own\ntime grow and multiply, fertilized by our neglect.\nNearly 150 years ago Thomas Jefferson wrote,\n\"The new circumstances under which we are placed call for\nnew words, new phrases, and for the transfer of old words\nto new objects. \" That is truer today than it was in the time\nof Jefferson, because the role of this country is so vastly\nmore significance. There is a show in England called \"Stop\nthe World, I Want to Get Off\". You have not chosen to\nexercise that option. You are part of the world and you\nmust participate in these days of our years in the solution\nof the problems that pour upon us requiring the most\nsophisticated and technical judgment, andas we work in\nconsonance to meet the authentic problems of our times, we\nwill gen erate a vision and an energy which will demonstrate\nanew to the world the superior vitality and the strength\nof the free society.\nEND\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nEvelyn Lenciln\nItem is me\nYale zuch.\nThanks !\nam\nOriginal was given to\nthe Presedent of\nyale University fas\nthis museum.\nuz\nLet me begin by expressing my deep\nappreciation of the honor you have\nconferred on me. As General de Gaulle\naccermates\nacknowledges America to be the daughter\na\nof Europe, so am I pleased to come to\nYale, the daughter of Harvard. Indeed,\nhave heard that Yale may someday have\ndaughters of its own -- and, now that I\nam an alumnus, I may apply on behalf of\nmy daughter.\nHumst be Dard\nSomeone has told me that I now have\nthe best of both worlds -- a Harvard\neducation and a Yale degree.\n2\nI am particularly glad to become a\nYale man, because as I think about my\ntroubles, I find that a lot of them have\ncome from other Yale men. Among\nbusinessmen, I have had a minor\ndisagreement with Roger Blough, of the\nLaw School Class of 1931, and I have had\nsome complaints too from my friend\nHenry Ford, of the class of 1940. In\njournalism, I seem to have a difference\nwith John Hay Whitney, of the class of\n1926 -- and sometimes I also displease\nHarry Henry Luce of the class of 1920 -- not\nto mention William F. Buckley, Jr., of\nthe class of 1950.\n3\nIn politics my luck is better, but\nlately I have had small arguments with\nBob Wagner of the class of 1933 and Bill\nProxmire of the class of 1938 -- and they\nare members of my own party.\nI even have trouble with some of my\nYale advisers. I get along with them,\nbut they don't always get along with each\nother: I have the warmest feelings for\nChester Bowles of the class of 1924 and\nfor Dean Acheson of the class of 1915 --\nbut I am not 100 per cent sure that these\ntwo wise and experienced Yale men wholly\nagree with each other on every issue.\n4\nSo this Administration, which aims\nat peaceful cooperation among all\nAmericans, has been the victim of a\ncertain natural pugnacity among Yale men.\nNow that I am a Yale man too, it is time\nfor peace. Last week, at West Point, in\nthe historic tradition of that Academy,\nI availed myself of the powers of the\nCommander-in-Chief to remit all the\nsentences of offending cadets. In that\nsame spirit -- and in the historic\ntradition of Yale -- let me now offer to\nsmoke the clay pipe of friendship with all\nmy brother Elis -- and I hope that they\neven,\nmay be friends not only with me but with\neach other.\n5\nIn any event I am very glad to be\nhere -- and as a new member of the club\nI have been checking to see what earlier\nlinks existed between this institution\nand the Presidency. I found that a\nmember of the class of 1878, William\nHoward Taft, served one term in the\nWhite House as preparation for becoming\na member of this faculty\n...\nand a\ngraduate of 1804, John C. Calhoun\nis\nregarded the Vice Presidency as too\nlowly a station for a Yale alumnus --\nand became the only man in history ever\nto resign that office.\n6\nCalhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878\ngraduated into a world very different\nfrom the one which faces you. They and\ntheir contemporaries spent entire careers\nin grappling with a few dramatic issues\non which the nation was sharply divided --\nissues that often occupied attention for\na generation at a time: the National\nBank, the disposal of the public lands,\nnullification or union, freedom or\nslavery, gold or silver.\nToday these old sweeping issues have\nlargely disappeared. The central domestic\nproblems of our own time are more subtle\nand less simple. They relate, not to basic\nclashes of philosophy or ideology,\n7\nbut to ways and means of reaching common\ngoals -- to research for sophisticated\nsolutions to complex and obstinate\nissues. The world of Calhoun, the world\nof Taft, had its own hard problems and\nnotable challenges. But its problems are\nnot our problems. Its challenges are not\nour challenges. Their age is not our age.\nAs every past generation has had to\ndesenthiall\ndisentangle itself from an inheritance of\ntruism and stereotype, so in our own time\nwe must move on from the reassuring\nrepetition of stale phrases to a new,\ndifficult but essential confrontation of\nreality.\n8\nFor the great enemy of the truth is\nvery often not the lie -- deliberate,\ncontrived and dishonest -- but the\nmyth -- persistent, persuasive and\nunrealistic. Too often we hold fast\nto the cliches of our forebearers.\nWe subject all facts to a prefra-\nbricated set of interpretations. We\nenjoy the comfort of opinion without\nthe discomfort of thought.\nMythology distracts us everywhere ---\nin government as in business, in\npolitics as in economics, in foreign\naffairs as in domestic policy. But\ntoday I want particularly to consider\nmyth and reality in our national\neconomy. In recent months many\nhave come to feel, I believe\n9\nC ome to feel that the dialogue between\nthe parties -- between business and\ngovernment -- between government and the\npublic -- is clogged by illusion and\nplatitude and fails to reflect the true\nrealities of contemporary American\nsociety.\nI speak of these matters here at\nYale because of the self-evident truth\nthat a great university is always\nenlisted against the spread of illusion\nand on the side of reality. No one has\nsaid it more clearly than President\nGriswold: \"Liberal learning is both a\nsafeguard against false ideas of freedom\nand a source of true ones. Your role as\nuniversity men, whatever your calling,\n10\nwill be to increase each new generation's\ngrasp of its new duties,\n* * *\nThere are three great areas of our\ndomestic affairs in which, today, there\nis a danger that illusion may prevent\neffective action. They are: first:\nthe question of the size and shape of\ngovernment's responsibilities; second:\nthe question of public fiscal policy;\nand third: the matter of confidence --\nbusiness confidence, or public\nconfidence -- or simply confidence in\nAmerica. I want to talk about all three.\nI want to talk about them carefully and\ndispassionately --\n11\nand I emphasize that I am concerned\nhere not with political debate but\nwith finding ways to separate false\nproblems from real ones.\nIf a contest in angry argument\nwere forced upon it, no Administration\ncould shrink from response, and\nhistory does not suggest that American\nPresidents are totally without\nresources in an engagement forced upon\nthem because of hostility in one\nsector of society. But in the wider\nnational interest we need, not partisan\nwrangling, but common concentration\non common problems. I come this\nmorning to ask you to join in this\ngreat task.\n***\n12\nLet us take first the question of\nthe size and shape of government. The\nmyth here is that government is big,\nand bad -- and steadily getting bigger\nand worse. Obviously this myth has\nsome excuse for existence. It is true\nthat in recent history each new\nAdministration has spent much more\nmoney than its predecessors. Thus\nPresident Roosevelt outspent President\nHoover, and with allowance for the\nspecial case of the Second World War,\nPresident Truman outspent President\nRoosevelt. Just to prove that this\nwas no partisan matter, President\nEisenhower then outspent President\nTruman by the handsome figure of 180\nbillion dollars.\n13\nIt is even possible that this trend\nmay continue.\nBut does it follow that big\ngovernment is growing relatively\nbigger? It does not -- for the fact\nis that for the last fifteen years\nthe federal government -- and also\nthe federal debt -- and also the\nfederal bureaucracy -- have grown\nless rapidly than the economy as a\nwhole. If we leave defense and\nspace expenditures aside, your federal\ngovernment, since the Second World\nWar, has expanded less than any other\nmajor sector of our national life --\nless than industry -- less than\ncommerce --\n14\nless than agriculture -- less than\nhigher education -- and very much less\nthan the noise about big government.\nThe truth about big government is\nthe truth about any other great\nactivity -- it is complex. Certainly\nit is true that size brings dangers --\nas we have lately seen in such areas\nas stockpiling and agricultural\nstorage. But it is also true that\nsize can bring great benefits. Here\nat Yale, which has contributed so\nmuch to our national progress in\nscience and medicine, it may be\nproper for me to mention one great\nand little-noticed expansion of\ngovernment that has brought strength to\nour whole society:\n15\nthe new role of our federal government\nas the major patron of research in\nscience and medicine. Few people\nrealize that in 1961, in support of\nall university research in science\nand medicine, three dollars out of\nevery four came from the federal\ngovernment. I need hardly point out\nthat this has taken place without\nundue enlargement of government\ncontrol -- that American scientists\nremain second to none in their\nindependence, and even in their\nrugged individualism.\nGovernment in this country is\nnearly always related to other forces.\nWas I and miggsting\nis ther the fener by Sun\nL regard t freenam 20\nand misleeding each care\nmind he determed it morks\nP.15 verso\n16\nI am not suggesting that federal\nexpenditures cannot bring some measure\nof control. The whole thrust of\nfederal expenditures in agriculture\nhave been related by purpose and by\ndesign to control\nas a means\nof dealing with the problems created\nby our farmers and growing productivity.\nEach sector of activity must be\napproached on its own merits and in\nterms of specific national needs.\nGeneralities in regard to federal\nexpenditures, therefore, can be\nmisleading -- each case, science,\nurban renewal, education, agriculture,\nnatural resources, each case must be\ndetermined on its merits if we are\nto profit by from\n17\nour unrivaled ability to combine the\nstrength of public and private\nagencies, public and private purposes --\npublic and private interests.\n* * *\nNext, let us turn to the problem\nof fiscal policy. Here the myths\nare legion and the truth sometimes\nhard to find. But let me take as a\nprime example the problem of the federal\nbudget. We persist in measuring our\nFederal fiscal integrity today by\nthe conventional or administrative\nbudget -- with results which would\nbe regarded as absurd in any business\nfirm -- in any country of Europe --\n18\nor in any careful assessment of the\nreality of our national finances.\nThe administrative budget has sound\nadministrative uses. But for wider\npurposes it is less helpful. It omits\nour special trust funds; it neglects\nchanges in assets or inventories; it\ncannot tell a loan from a straight\nexpenditure -- and worst of all it\ncannot distinguish between operating\nexpenditures and long-term investments.\nThis budget -- in relation to the\ngreat problems of Federal fiscal\npolicy -- is not simply irrelevant;\nit is actively misleading.\n19\nAnd yet there is a mythology that\nmeasures all our soundness or\nunsoundness on the single simple basis\nannual\nof this same administrative budget.\nIf our federal budget i's to serve,\nnot the debate, but the country, we\nmust and will find ways of cleaning\nup this area of discourse.\nStill in the area of fiscal policy,\nlet me say a word about deficits. The\nmyth persists that Federal deficits\ncreate inflation and budget budges surpluses\nprevent it. Yet sizeable surpluses\nafter the war did not prevent inflation,\nand persistent deficits for the last\nseveral years have not upset our basic\nprice stability.\n20\nObviously deficits are sometimes\ndangerous -- and SO are surpluses.\nBut honest assessment plainly requires\na more sophisticated view than the\ncliche that deficits are inflationary.\nThere are myths also about our\npublic debt. It is widely supposed\nthat this debt is growing at a\ndangerously rapid rate. In fact both\nthe debt per person and the debt as a\nproportion of our gross national\nproduct have declined sharply since\nthe Second World War. In absolute\nterms the national debt has increased\nonly 8 per cent,\n21\nwhile private debt was increasing\n305 per cent and the debts of state\nand local governments increased\n378 per cent. Moreover debts, public\nand private, are neither good nor\nbad, in and of themselves. Borrowing\ncan lead to overextension and collapse --\nbut it can also lead to expansion and\nstrength. There is no single simple\nslogan in this field that can deserve\nour trust.\n* * *\nFinally, I come to the problem of\nconfidence. Confidence is a matter of\nmyth and also a matter of truth --\nand this time let me take the truth of\nthe matter first.\n22\nIt is true -- and of high\nimportance -- that the prosperity of\nthis country depends on assurance that\nall major elements within it will\nlive up to their responsibilities. If\nbusiness were to neglect its\nobligations to the public; if labor\nwere blind to all public responsibility;\nabove all, if government were to\nabandon its obvious -- and statutory --\nduty of watchful concern for our\neconomic health -- if any of these\nthings should happen, then confidence\nmight well be weakened, and the danger\nof stagnation would increase. This\nis the true issue of confidence.\n23\nBut there is also the false issue\n== and its simplest form is the\nassertion that any and all unfavorable\nturns of the speculative wheel --\nhowever temporary and however plainly\nspeculative in character -- are the\nresult of \"lack of confidence in the\nnational Administration.\" This, I\nmust tell you, whole comforting,\nis not wholly true. Worse, it\nobscures the reality -- which is\nalso simple. The solid ground of\nmutual confidence is the necessary\npartnership of government with all\nthe sectors of our society in the\nsteady quest for economic progress.\n24\nThis Administration is not going to\ngive way to general hostility to\nbusiness merely because there has been\na single temporary disagreement with\nan\na single individua or industry, nor\nwill the future belong to those who\nignore the realities of our economic\nlife in a neurotic search for unending\nreassurance.\nCorporate plans are not based on a\npolitical confidence in party leaders\nbut on an economic confidence in the\nnation's ability to invest and produce\nand consume.\n25\nBusiness had full confidence in the\nadministrations in power in 1929,\n1954, 1958 and 1960 -- but this was\nnot enough to prevent recession when\nbusiness lacked full confidence in\nthe economy. What matters is the\ncapacity of the nation as a whole to\ndeal with its economic problems and\nopportunities.\n* * *\nThe sterotypes I have been\ndiscussing distract our attention and\ndivide our effort. These stereotypes\ndo our nation a disservice, not just\nbecause they are exhausted and\nirrelevant,\n27\n276\n26\nbut above all because they are\nmisleading -- because they stand in the\nway of the solution of hard and\ncomplicated problems. It is not new\nthat past debates should obscure\npresent realities. But the damage\nof such false dialogue is greater\ntoday than ever before, simply because\ntoday the safety of all the world --\nthe very future of freedom -- depends\nas never before upon the sensible\nand clear-headed management of the\ndomestic affairs of the United States.\nThe real issues of our own time are\nrarely so dramatic as the issues of the\nage of Calhoun.\n28 27\nThe differences today are mainly matters\nof degree. And we cannot understand\nand attack our contemporary problems\nif we are bound by the traditional\nlabels and worn-out slogans of an\nearlier era. But the unfortunate fact\nof the matter is that our rhetoric has\nnot kept pace with the speed of social\nand economic change. Our political\ndebates, our public discourse -- on\ncurrent domestic and economic issues --\ntoo often bear little relation to the\npractical problems we face.\nWhat is at stake in our economic\ndecisions today is, not some grand\nwarfare of rival ideologies, but the\npractical management of the modern\neconomy.\n20 28\nWhat we need is, not more labels and\nmore cliches, but more basic discussion\nof the sophisticated and technical\nquestions involved in keeping our\nmighty economic machine moving steadily\nahead.\nThe national interest lies in high\nemployment, steady expansion of output,\nstable prices and a strong dollar. The\ndeclaration of such objectives is easy;\ntheir attainment in an intricate and\ninterdependent economy and world is a\nlittle more difficult. To attain them,\nwe require not facile ideology but hard\nthought. Let me end by suggesting a\nfew of the real questions on our\nnational agenda.\nA\nLET ME GIVE SEVERAL EXAMPLES FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE\nOF THE COMPLEXITY OF THESE MATTERS AND HOW POLITICAL\nLABELS AND IDELOGICAL APPROACHES ARE FREQUENTLY\nIRRELEVANT TO THEIR SOLUTION.\nLAST WEEK A' DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE OF THIS SCHOOL,\nSENATOR PROXMIRE OF THE CLASS OF 1938, WHO IS ORDINARILY\nREGARDED AS A LIBERAL DEMOCRAT SUGGESTED THAT WE SHOULD\nFOLLOW IN MEETING OUR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS A STIFF FISCAL\nPOLICY = WITH EMPHASIS ON BUDGET BALANCING AND AN EASY\nMONETARY POLICY -- WITH LOW INTEREST RATES IN ORDER TO\nECONOMY\nKEEP OUR MOVING.\nIN THE SAME WEEK THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT\nIN BERNE, SWITZERLAND, A CONSERVATIVE ORGANIZATION\nREPRESENTING CENTRAL BANKERS OF EUROPE SUGGESTED THAT THE\nbe of\nAPPROPRIATE ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES SHOULD\n?\nthe my A FLEXIBLE BUDGET follm\nPERMIT POLICY AS IN EUROPE WITH\nDIFICITS WHEN THE ECONOMY IS DOWN AND A HIGH MONETARY\nPOLICY AS IN EUROPE WITH HIGH INTEREST RATES, IN ORDER\n&\n2\nTO CONTROL INFLATION AND PRODUCE GOLD. BOTH MAY BE\nRIGHT OR WRONG. IT WILL DEPEND ON MANY OTHER FACTORS. THE\nPOINT IS THAT THIS IS BASICALLY AN ADMINISTRATIVE AND\n9 with\nEXECUTIVE PROBLEM AND POLITICAL CLICHES OR LABELS WILL\nNOT SOLVE IT.\nLET ME GIVE YOU A SECOND EXAMPLE. A WELL_KNOWN\nBUSINESS JOURNAL THIS MORNING RAISED THE PROSPECTS THAT\nA FURTHER BUDGET DEFICIT WOULD BRING INFLATION AND\nENCOURAGE THE FLOW OF GOLD. WE HAVE HAD SEVERAL RECENT\na\nBUDGET DEFICITS BEGINNING WITH OUR 12 1/2 BILLION DOLLAR\nDEFICIT IN 1958 AND IT IS TRUE THAT IN THE FALL OF 1960\nford\nWE HAD A RECORD LOSS. RUNNING AT AN ANNUAL RATE OF 5 BILLION\nDOLLARS. THIS WOULD SEEM TO PROVE THE CASE THAT A\nDEFICIT PRODUCES INFLATION AND A LOSS OF GOLD.\nYET THERE was NO INFLATION FOLLOWING THE 1960\n58\nRECESSION AND DEFICIT NOR SINCE THEN. OUR WHOLESALE PRICE\ndefends an\nINDEX SINCE 1958 IN SPITE OF SEVERAL DEFICITS HAS REMAINED\nTHE SAME AND THE LOSS OF GOLD HAS BEEN DUE TO OTHER REASONS\nAr\n3\nMin,\nTHAN PRICE INSTABILITY -- RELATIVE INTEREST RATES,\nRELATIVE EXPORT IMPORT BALANCES, NATIONAL SECURITY\nexpensive flane-\nEXPENDITURES, ETC.\nLET ME GIVE YOU A THIRD AND FINAL EXAMPLE. AT\nTHE WORLD BANK MEETING IN SEPTEMBER A NUMBER OF AMERICAN\nBANKERS ATTENDING PREDICTED TO THEIR EUROPEAN\nCOLLEAGUES THAT BECAUSE OF THE FISCAL 62 BUDGET DEFICIT\nTHERE\nTHEXRE SHOULD BE STRONG INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON THE\nDOLLAR AND INCREASES IN THE GOLD FLOW. THEIR PREDICTION\nOF INFLATION WAS SHARED BY MANY IN BUSINESS AND HELPED\nPUSH THE STOCK MARKET UP. THE RECENT REALITY OF NON-\nINFLATION HELPED BRING IT DOWN. ged WE HAVE HAD INFLATION\nNo\nBECAUSE OF PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES AND BECAUSE-OF\n?\nTHE (modypts INACCURATE USE OF PLANT CAPACITY AND MANPOWER.\nshere then lifer Umm a item\nTHESE MEN WHO KNOW AS MUCH ABOUT OUR ECONOMY AS\nANY IN THE COUNTRY WERE NOT CORRECT IN THEIR JUDGMENTS\nhome m he 6 clear the they meant clue\nI BELIEVE IT IS IN PART BECAUSE OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE THAT\nIN OTHER DAYS AND PARTICULARLY IN OTHER COUNTRIES DEFICITS\nsame they line Fell - there ment was NOT the late I my\nhe the Fedure and + he Admin rity they an\nAm\n4\nHAVE INEVITABLY BROUGHT STRONG INFLATIONARY PRESSURES.\nam not suggesty\nLET ME MAKE IT CLEAR THAT I RECOGNIZE THAT\ninto defered\nIRRESPONSIBLE BUDGET POLICIES CAN BRING INFLATIONARY\neasemed\nPRESSURES AGAIN IN THIS COUNTRY AS OTHER EXCESSIVE\nWAGE AND PRICE POLICIES. WHAT I AM SUGGESTING IS THAT\nTHE PROBLEM OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY AND THE\nS/\nBALANCE OF PAYMENT PRESENT COMPLEX AND SUBTLE CHALLENGES\nhas prictred,\" is\nFOR WHICH TECHNICAL ANSWERS MUST BE PROVIDED.\nTHESE ARE MATTERS UPON WHICH GOVERNMENT AND\nBUSINESS MAY DISAGREE. THEY ARE CERTAINLY MATTERS THAT\nGOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS SHOULD BE DISCUSSING IN THE\nMOST SOBER, DISPASSIONATE AND CAREFUL WAY IF WE ARE\nTO MAINTAIN THE KIND OF VIGOROUS ECONOMY UPON WHICH\nOUR COMMON SECURITY DEPENDS.\nx inent 29\nhere pay\nHow can our budget and tax policies\nsupply adequate revenues and preserve\nour balance of payments position,\nwithout slowing up our economic growth?\nHow are we to set our interest\nrates and regulate the flow of money\nin ways which will stimulate the\neconomy at home, without weakening the\ndollar abroad aiven the spectrum What of\nour economic responsibilities which\nhas\nshould be the mix between fiscal and\nmonetary actions? nalicis.\nDie good\nthere\nan\nheaver\ngiv.\nanyments\nhour\nWith the necessity of maintaining\nI\nour competitive position in the world,\nwhat should be the price and wage\npolicies of our basic industries?\nIs there a public interest in such\nprice and wage decisions, and, if so,\nWarrond has wases wark than and View been cur 10.6m\nand as\nfine Only more may they him thand here there wing manner 1 suffer them\nmen n litter will\n30\nhow is it to be defined and organized\nand expressed?\nHow can we develop and sustain strong\nand stable world markets for basic\ncommodities without unfairness to the\nconsumer and without unreasonable\nstimulus to producers?\nHow can we generate the buying power\nwhich will absorb the products of our\nfactories and farms?\nHow can we share the benefits and\nburdens of technical progress, and how\ncan we make sure that the bnefits to\nsome are not offset by the burdens\non others? How can we take advantage\nof the miracles of automation, with its\npremium on highly trained labor,\n--\n22 31\nand yet offer employment to the half a\nmillion of unskilled school drop-outs\nwho enter the labor market every year?\nHow do we eradicate the barriers\nwhich separate substantial minorities\nof our citizens from access to\nopportunities for education and\nemployment on equal terms with the rest?\nHow, in sum, can we make our free\neconomy work at full capacity -- that\nis, provide adequate profits for\nenterprise, adequate wages for labor,\nadequate utilization of plan and\nadequate opportunity for all?\n32\nThese are the problems that we\nshould be talking about -- the real\nproblems of our age. They cannot be\nsolved by incantations from the\nforgotten past. But the example of\nWestern Europe shows that they are\ncapable of solution -- that governments,\nand many of them are conservative\ngovernments, prepared to face technical\nproblems without ideological\npreconceptions, can coordinate the\nelements of a national economy to\nbring about unexampled growth and\nprosperity.\nSome conversations I have recently\nheard -- and overheard -- in our\nown country sound like old records,\n3433 33\nlong-playing, left over from the middle\nthirities. The debate of the thirties\nhad its great significance and produced\nits great results. But it took place in\na different world with different needs\nand different tasks. It is our\nresponsibility today to live in our own\nworld -- and to identify the needs and\ndischarge the tasks of the nineteen\nsixties.\nIf there is any current trend\ntoward meeting present problems with\nancient cliches, this is the moment to\nstop it -- before it lands us all in a\nbog of sterile acrimony.\nDiscussion is essential; and I am\nhopeful that the debate of recent weeks,\n34\nthough up to now somewhat barren, may\nrepresent the start of a serious\ndialogue of the kind which has led in\nEurope to such fruitful collaboration\namong all the elements of economic\nsociety and to a decade of unrivalled\neconomic progress. But let us not\nengage in the wrong argument at the\nwrong time between the wrong people\nin the wrong country -- while the\nreal problems of our own time grow\nand multiply, fertilizedbby our\nneglect.\nNearly 150 years ago Thomas\nJefferson wrote, \"The new circumstances\nunder which we are placed call for\nnew words, new phrases, and for the\ntransfer of old words to new objects.\"\n35\nshe\nThat is our need today -- and it\nOF\nshould also be our ambition -- to\nrespunsing\nreplace imaginary issues by real,\n5\nand tired slogans by fresh insight.\nJune\nAs we work in concert to meet the\nwe 1mm\nauthentic problems of our own time,\nwe will generate an energy and vision\nwhich will demonstrate anew to the\nworld the superior vitality and\nstrength of the free society.\nher wnds. here plane-\nthe Tran Ve I ed and t we\nmayor mumber Ann them trady when The Jeffer mhat - + with\nhuman ther usur for une\n8\nFor the great enemy of the truth is\nvery often not the lie -- deliverate,\ncontrived and dishonest -- but the myth --\npersistent, persuasive and unrealistic.\nToo often we hold fast to the cliches of\nour forebears. We subject all facts to a\nPrefrabricated set of interpretations. We\nenjoy the comfort of opinion without the\ndiscomfort of thought.\nMythology distracts us everywhere --\nin government as in business, in politics\nas in economics, in foreign affairs as in\ndomestic policy. But today I want\nparticularly to consider myth and reality\nin our national economy. In recent months\nw.e.x many have come to feel, I believe\n11\nand I emphasize that I am concerned here\nnot with political debate but with\nfinding ways to separate false problems\nfrom real ones.\nIf a contest in angry argument were\nforced upon it, no Administration could\nshrink from response, and history does\nare\nnot suggest that American Presidents who\ntotally mithout ascounce m andingegement\nresponded to such attack lost strength\nforcedupon -0 because\nbecause of hostility from one section of\nnational\nsociety. But in the wider interest we\nneed, not partisan wrangling, but common\nconcentration on common problems. I come\nthis morning to ask you to join in this\ngreat task.\n* * *\nfunds do can not buy some\nOneasure ? contert. The while\nby\nof federal 16 milsedy has been to energe\nGovernment in science is related to\ncontrol in a or medical 2\nthe independent strength, and standards,\ndaty each the problem createrly\nof places like Yale. Government in in\nurban renewal is related to civic pride\nforman group producting\nand energy (-- and who knows this\nbetter than you in New Haven?)\nGovernment in agriculture is related,\nby purpose and by design, to control --\nas a means of dealing with the\nproblems created by our farmers'\ngrowing productivity. Each sector\nof activity must be approached on its\nown merits and in terms of specific\nnational needs, But surely experience\nhas taught us to value, and to take\nsatisfaction in,\n23\nBut there is also the false issue --\nand its simplest form is the assertion\nthat any and all unfavorable turns of\nthe speculative wheel -- however\ntemporary and however plainly\nspeculative in character -- are the\nin The 1\nresult of \"lack of confidence\nThis,\nI must tell you, while comforting, is\nnot wholly true. Worse, it obscures\nthe reality -- which is also simple.\nThe solid ground of mutual confidence\nis the necessary partnership of\ngovernment with all the sectors of\nour society in the steady quest for\neconomic progress.\n25\nBusiness had full confidence in the\nadministrations in power in 1929, 1954,\n1958 and 1960 -- but this was not\nenough to prevent recession when\nbusiness lacked full confidence in the\neconomy. What matters is the capacity\nof the nation as a whole to deal with\nand apportun he\nits economic problems, and certainly few,\nif any, businessmen really want an\neconomy which has no governmental\nintervention -- no tariff or Taft-Hartley,\nno S.E.C., or I.C.C. no guarantee of\nbank deposits, no Federal Reserve\nSystem. Indeed, when the great majority\nmany Known mens ma a\nmude distance\nwill without\nof enforcement actions under the\nhe perfor unformed\nanti-trust laws are taken in response to\ncomplaints by businessmen.\nand in the pame sen and dervand In\nhave who Change\n26\nBusinessmen -- as much as any others --\nare the beneficiaries of price stability\nin our basic industries. And I do find\nthat those businessmen who have served\nin Washington inevitably have a greater\nappreciation of the government's\nproblems and contributions. They talk\nabout mutual interests, basic needs,\nreal problems instead of myths.\n* * *\nThe stereotypes I have been\ndiscussing distract our attention and\ndivide our effort. These stereotypes\ndo our nation a disservice, not just\nbecause they are exhausted and\nirrelevant,\n30\nHow can our budget and tax policies\nsupply adequate revenues and preserve\nour balance of payments position,\nwithout slowing up our economic\ngrowth?\nHow are we to set our interest rates\nand regulate the flow of money in ways\nwhich will stimulate the economy at\nhome, without. weakening the dollar\nYour the speed in on commin\nabroad? when fiscalared - who showed writaning we are action muddix\n-\nWith the necessity of maintaining\nour competitive position in the world,\nwhat should be the price and wage\npolicies of our basic industries?\nIs there a public interest in such price\nand wage decisions, and, if so,\n3xx 32\nThese are the problems that we\nshould be talking about -- the real\nproblems of our age. They cannot be\nsolved by incantations from the forgotten\npast. But the example of Western Europe\nshows that they are capable of solution --\nand many of them are\nthat governments, XX*XXXXXXXXXXXXXX\nconservative governments,\nXXXXXXXXXXXX prepared to face technical\nproblems without ideological\npreconceptions, can coordinate the\nelements of a national economy to bring\nabout unexampled growth and prosperity.\nSome conversations I have recently\nheard -- and overheard -- in our own\ncountry sound like old records,\n35\nthough up to now somewhat barren, may\nrepresent the start of a serious dialogue\nof the kind which has led in Europe to\nsuch fruitful collaboration among all the\nand Tha deends 2 unnewaled economic program\nelements of economic society But let us\nnot engage in the wrong argument at the\nwrong time between the wrong people in\nthe wrong country -- while the real\nproblems of our own time grow and multiply,\nfertilized by our neglect.\nNearly 150 years ago Thomas Jefferson\nwrote, \"The new circumstances under which\nwe are placed call for new words, new\nphrases, and for the transfer of old words\nto new objects.\" That is our need today --\nand it should also be our ambition --\n36\nto replace imaginary issues by real, and\ntired slogans by fresh insight. As we\nwork in concert to meet the authentic\nproblems of our own time, we will\ngenerate an energy and vision which will\ndemonstrate anew to the world the superior\nvitality and strength of the free society.\nTo the educator and the educated\nalike, I would say that I can imagine no\nmore stirring responsibility -- and no more\nexciting challenge.\nTHE\nPRESIDENT\n1-\nI am tald that\nJoch whiten is\non the platform\nme] B\nTHE WHITE HOUSE\nWASHINGTON\nJune 10, 1962\nMEMORANDUM FOR\nTHE PRESIDENT\nYALE NOTES\nYale and New Haven are at a high pitch of excitement\nin anticipation of your visit. The only hazard in sight is that it may\nrain.\nYou will be in the hands of Whitney Griswold, who is a\ngenuinely delightful man -- funny and bright and gallant (he has staged\na genuinely miraculous recovery from abdominal cancer in the last\nyear). He is a historian (of U. S. diplomacy in the Far East) and\nalso a political scientist (on farming and democracy). He has run\nYale since 1950, and he is just taking it over the top of a 47,000,000\ncapital drive. He is more a supporter of ours than not, and he wrote\nyou particular thanks at the time when you sent good wishes to Roger\nBlough.\nI attach a list of the others receiving honorary degrees.\nTheir citations will tell you more about them, but I have put in a few\nnotes that may relate to your particular interest.\nml. B.\nMcG. B.\nORDER FOR\nHONORARY DEGREE RECIPIENTS\nHarold Koppel Hochschild\nM. A.\nHead of Afro-American Institute - a good\nfunnel of aid to Africa\nHarvey Brooks\nSc. D.\nDean of Applied Science at Harvard - - we\ntried to get him for the job Haworth now\nhas on the AEC, and he helps Wiesner in\na lot of ways -- a wise and good man.\nRollin Douglas Hotchkiss\nSc. D.\nRockefeller Institute\nGustave Weigel, S. J.\nD. D.\nA leading young Catholic thinker\nEugene Carson Blake\nD. D.\nThe chief Presbyterian\nJosef Albers\nD. F. A.\nBauhaus painter\nArtur Rubenstein\nMus. D.\nFrank Owen Heywood Williams\nL. L. D.\nYale's chief money-raiser\nEdward Larned Ryerson\nL.L.D.\nHe is a retired Inland Steel\nexecutive\nNorman Sydney Buck\nLL. D.\nYale's retired Provost\nCharles Edwin Clark\nLLD\nFormer Dean of Yale Law School\nand Circuit Judge\nPrescott Sheldon Bush\nLL.D.\nDean Gooderham Acheson\nLL.D.\nJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy\nLL.D.\n1,\n00\nJ\nYALE UNIVERSITY\nLuncheon for Honorary Degree Recipients\nJUNE II, 1962\nMAINE LOBSTER - MAYONNAISE\nPASCAL CELERY HEARTS - - CALIFORNIA CARROT STICKS\nOLIVES\nROAST FILLET OF BEEF\nASPARAGUS SPEARS\nSALAD\nSTRAWBERRIES\nPASTRIES\nCOFFEE\nYALE UNIVERSITY\nTWO HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST\nCOMMENCEMENT\nJUNE THE ELEVENTH\nNINETEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-TWO\n[1] R\non\nNIN\nÓ\nД\ng g\nLUX ET VERITAS\nNEW HAVEN . CONNECTICUT\nORDER OF EXERCISES\nCHIMES-\nHarkness Tower Guild of Bellringers\nTOWER MUSIC-Proud Heritage, William Latham\nPROCESSIONAL-Toccata Marziale, Vaughan Williams\nThe Connecticut Concert Band\nWILLIAM HUDSON, Mus.M., Conductor\nPRAYER\nThe Reverend WILLIAM SLOANE COFFIN, JR., B.D.\nChaplain of the University\nPRESENTATION OF CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES FROM THE UNDERGRADUATE\nSCHOOLS\nBachelor of Arts\nWilliam Clyde DeVane, PH.D., LITT.D., LL.D.\nBachelor of Science\nDean of Yale College\nBachelor of Engineering\nFelix Zweig, PH.D.\nBachelor of Science\nDean of the School of Engineering\nPRESENTATION OF CANDIDATES FOR COMMISSIONS IN THE ARMED SERVICES OF\nTHE UNITED STATES\nIn the United States Army and\nLieutenant Colonel James H. McCord, U.S.A.\nArmy Reserve\nProfessor of Military Science and Tactics\nIn the United States Navy and\nNaval Reserve, Marine Corps,\nCaptain Samuel G. Jones, U.S.N.\nand Marine Corps Reserve\nProfessor of Naval Science\nPRESENTATION OF CANDIDATES FOR DEGREES FROM THE PROFESSIONAL AND\nGRADUATE SCHOOLS\nBachelor of Fine Arts\nBachelor of Architecture\nMaster of Fine Arts\nPaul Marvin Rudolph, M.ARCH.\nMaster of Architecture\nChairman of the Department of Architecture\nMaster of City Planning\nMaster of Fine Arts\nFayette Curtis Canfield, L.H.D., LL.D.\nDoctor of Fine Arts\nDean of the School of Drama\nMaster of Music\nLuther Noss, MUS.M.\nDean of the School of Music\nBachelor of Divinity\nMaster of Arts in Religion\nThe Rev. Charles William Forman, S.T.M., PH.D.\nMaster of Sacred Theology\nActing Dean of the Divinity School\nCertificate in Nurse-Midwifery\nFlorence Schorske Wald, M.N.\nMaster of Science in Nursing\nDean of the School of Nursing\nMaster of Forestry\nGeorge Alfred Garratt, M.F., PH.D., SC.D.\nDoctor of Forestry\nDean of the School of Forestry\nBachelor of Laws\nMaster of Laws\nEugene Victor Rostow, LL.B., M.A.\nDoctor of the Science of Law\nDean of the Law School\n2\nCertificate in Transportation\nMaster of Arts in Teaching\nJohn Perry Miller, PH.D.\nMaster of Science\nDean of the Graduate School\nMaster of Arts\nMaster of Engineering\nMaster of\nFelix Zweig, PH.D.\nIndustrial Administration\nDean of the School of Engineering\nDoctor of Engineering\nMaster of Public Health\nVernon William Lippard, M.D., SC.D.\nDoctor of Medicine\nDean of the School of Medicine\nDoctor of Philosophy\nJohn Perry Miller, PH.D.\nDean of the Graduate School\nPSALM LXV-rork Tune\nAt the opening of the first College building erected in New Haven, in 1718, the congregation united in singing\nPsalm LXV, in Sternhold and Hopkins' version.\nThy praise alone, O Lord, doth reign\nWith strength Thou art beset about,\nin Sion Thine own hill:\nand compast with Thy pow'r:\nTheir vows to Thee they do maintain,\nThou mak'st the mountains strong and stout,\nand evermore fulfill.\nto stand in ev'ry show'r.\nOf Thy great justice hear, O God,\nThe folk that dwell thro'out the earth\nour health of Thee doth rise:\nshall dread Thy signs to see:\nThe hope of all the earth abroad,\nWhich morn and ev'ning with great mirth\nand the sea-coasts likewise.\nsend praises up to Thee.\nCONFERRING OF HONORARY DEGREES\nALFRED WHITNEY GRISWOLD, PH.D., LL.D.\nPresident of Yale University\nADDRESS\nJOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY, Sc.D., LL.D.\nPresident of the United States\nHYMN-Duke Street\nO God, beneath Thy guiding hand,\nLaws, freedom, truth, and faith in God\nOur exiled fathers crossed the sea,\nCame with those exiles o'er the waves,\nAnd when they trod the wintry strand,\nAnd where their pilgrim feet have trod,\nWith prayer and psalm they worshipped Thee.\nThe God they trusted guards their graves.\nThou heard'st, well pleased, the song, the prayer,\nAnd here Thy name, O God of love,\nThy blessing came; and still its power\nTheir children's children shall adore,\nShall onward through all ages bear\nTill these eternal hills remove,\nThe memory of that holy hour.\nAnd spring adorns the earth no more.\nThe Reverend Leonard Bacon, B.A. Yale 1820\nBENEDICTION\nThe Reverend GARDINER MUMFORD Day, D.D.\nFellow of the Corporation\nCHIMES-\nRECESSIONAL-Canzona, Peter Mennin\nGUESTS ARE ASKED TO REMAIN AT THEIR SEATS UNTIL ALL THE\nGRADUATES HAVE LEFT THE CAMPUS\n3\nHONORARY DEGREES\nAt each Commencement certain distinguished persons are selected by the Corporation to receive\nhonorary degrees. These are announced, one by one, by Kingman Brewster, Jr., Provost, and a citation is\nread by the President concluding with the conferring of the degree. As the President says, \"Yale confers\nupon you the degree of\n\", the appropriate hood is placed upon the recipient by\nthe Corporation Marshal assisted by the Chief Marshal. The President then presents the recipient with\nhis diploma mounted in a blue leather case.\nThe following will be awarded degrees today (former Yale degrees are indicated):\nMaster of Arts\nHarold Koppel Hochschild, B.A. 1912, Business Executive and Historian\nDoctor of Science\nHarvey Brooks, B.A. 1937, Dean of Engineering and Applied Physics, Harvard\nUniversity\nDoctor of Science\nRollin Douglas Hotchkiss, B.S. 1932, Ph.D. 1935, Rockefeller Institute for Medi-\ncal Research\nDoctor of Divinity\nThe Reverend Gustave Weigel, S.J., Professor of Ecclesiology, Woodstock College\nDoctor of Divinity\nThe Reverend Eugene Carson Blake, Stated Clerk of the United Presbyterian\nChurch, U.S.A.\nDoctor of Fine Arts Josef Albers, M.A. Hon. 1950, Professor Emeritus of Art, Yale University\nDoctor of Music\nArtur Rubinstein, Pianist\nDoctor of Laws\nFrank Owen Heywood Williams, B.S. 1922, National Chairman, Yale's Program\nfor the Arts and Sciences\nDoctor of Laws\nEdward Larned Ryerson, Ph.B. 1908, M.A. Hon. 1932, Industrialist and Civic\nLeader\nDoctor of Laws\nNorman Sydney Buck, B.A. 1913, Ph.D. 1922, Provost Emeritus, Yale University\nDoctor of Laws\nCharles Edward Clark, B.A. 1911, LL.B. 1913, M.A. Hon. 1923, Retired Chief\nJudge, United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit\nDoctor of Laws\nPrescott Sheldon Bush, B.A. 1917, M.A. Hon. 1944, United States Senator from\nConnecticut\nDoctor of Laws\nDean Gooderham Acheson, B.A. 1915, M.A. Hon. 1936, Former United States\nSecretary of State\nDoctor of Laws\nJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy, President of the United States\n4\nACADEMIC PROCESSION AND CEREMONY\nChief Marsbal, Richard L. Purdy\nCorporation Marsbal, Frederick W. Hilles\nProcession Marsbal, Loomis Havemeyer\nAssistant Corporation Marsbal, Robert A. Toti\nProcession Guide, Benjamin C. Nangle\nOld Campus Marshal, George D. Vaill\nUNDERGRADUATE COLLEGES\nJONATHAN\nBERKELEY\nEDWARDS\nMaster, Charles A. Walker\nMaster, Beekman C. Cannon\nFaculty Marsbals, Daniel H. Kiely\nFaculty Marsbal, Erwin R. Goodenough\nAlexander M. Witherspoon\nBRANFORD\nPIERSON\nMaster, George A. Schrader, Jr.\nMaster, Quincy Porter\nFaculty Marshal, Richard R. Shank\nFaculty Marshal, Eugene M. Waith\nCALHOUN\nSAYBROOK\nMaster, The Rev. B. Davie Napier\nMaster, Basil D. Henning\nFaculty Marsbal, George Nordmeyer\nFaculty Marshal, Thomas A. Noble\nDAVENPORT\nSILLIMAN\nMaster, Daniel Merriman\nMaster, Luther Noss\nFaculty Marsbal, Leonard W. Labaree\nFaculty Marsbal, John J. E. Palmer\nTIMOTHY\nTRUMBULL\nDWIGHT\nMaster, John S. Nicholas\nMaster, Thomas G. Bergin\nFaculty Marshal, Howard B. Garey\nFaculty Marsbal, Charles Garside, Jr.\nFACULTY MARSHALS FOR GRADUATE AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS\nArt and Architecture, Walter DeS. Harris, Jr.\nDrama, Edward C. Cole\nMusic, Donald R. Currier\nDivinity, The Rev. Gaylord B. Noyce\nNursing, Elizabeth A. McGarry\nForestry, Albert C. Worrell\nLaw, Charles Runyon\nEngineering, John G. Skalnik\nMedicine, Thomas R. Forbes\nGraduate, M.A. and M.S., George P. Springer\nPh.D., Charles H. Taylor\n5\nSENIOR APPOINTMENTS IN YALE COLLEGE\nPhilosophical Orations\nBACHELORS OF ARTS\nTimothy Howard Boyer\nMarvin Allen Eisengart\nCurtis Stephen Howard\nBarry Mitchell Smoler\nStephen Bruce Clark\nGeorge Jacques Grumbach, Jr.\nRichard David Portes\nRobert Edmund Tully\nRichard Stephen Doeblin\nNicholas James Gubser\nPaul Arnold Robinson\nJames Tyler\nLouie Samuel Echols, III\nErrol Gaston Hill\nStuart Jay Sidney\nJoseph Leslie Young\nBACHELORS OF SCIENCE\nFranklin Fan-Keung Cheung\nGilbert Harlan Daniels\nAlfred Goodman Gilman\nJoseph Buckley Lambert\nRichard James Cross, Jr.\nRobert Grandin Stokstad\nHigh Orations\nBACHELORS OF ARTS\nThomas Max Achenbach\nEdward Bromwell Freeman, Jr. Robert Lewis Leff\nJames Henry Russ\nJack Franklin Adler, Jr.\nNeal Blackwell Freeman\nLance Malcolm Liebman\nJon Leonard Saari\nDonald Harman Akenson\nJames Knoll Gardner\nRoger William Lipsey\nPeter Churchill Saccio\nGeorge Arthur Akerlof\nRobert Carr George\nJames Michael Litvack\nThomas Price Saine\nJeffrey Howard Antevil\nPierce Joseph Gerety, Jr.\nKenneth Alan Lockridge\nStephen Mark Sales\nArthur James Ashe, III\nRobert Alan Glick\nDavid William Loving\nDavid Edward Scharff\nAndrew David Ball\nPaul Timothy Gorman\nThomas Craig Loynd\nRobert Alan Schwartz\nChaplin Bradford Barnes\nBenjamin Ira Gottlieb\nMichael David Lutz\nLewis Baker Shepley\nPeter Barnes\nJoseph Francis Graham, III\nChristopher Lydon\nWilliam Upjohn Shipley\nBarry Llewellyn Blose\nJames Leland Grove\nRichard Alan Markus\nLouis Linfield Simon\nWilliam Hahn Blose\nFerdinand John Hagele, III\nDavid Balfour Meil\nHenry DeWitt Smith, II\nBruce Jeffrey Brener\nRoy Theodore Hammer, Jr.\nRichard Thorpe Menn\nRobert Abernethy Smith, Jr.\nMichael David Bristol\nJames Stephen Hazlett\nStephen Jon Miko\nWilliam Hamilton Smith, III\nDavid Anderson Brownlee\nJack Edward Henderson, Jr.\nHarry East Miller, III\nJames DeWitt Stein, Jr.\nDavid Barry Brudnoy\nDavid William Hershey\nRichard Milsten\nPhilip Robert Stewart\nStephen Worcester Buck\nMichael David Hess\nHooshang Nasr\nWilliam Merrell Stott\nWilliam Michael Carleton\nKennedy Thoen Hill\nAndrew Eugene Naylor\nEdward Lynde Strohbehn, Jr.\nEric Gustav Carlson\nRichard John Howard\nScott Haviland Nelson\nStephen Zehring Surridge\nJohn Wayne Carr\nRodney John Hunter\nEdward John O'Keefe\nStephen Daily Susman\nRoger Stewart Clapp\nFrederic William Ilfeld, Jr.\nRobert Godfrey Oliver\nWillard Baldwin Taylor\nGeorge Nickerson Clements\nRobert Grant Irving\nBruce Steven Pansey\nNathan Maxson Terry, Jr.\nRobert Tweed Connery\nRobert Lewis Jackson\nLee Willing Patterson\nRobert Berne Titus\nRoger Pelton Craig\nHerbert Clement Jurgeleit\nDonaldson Clark Pillsbury\nJacob Allen Toby\nRobert Morse Crunden\nCarl Frederick Kaestle\nThomas Franklin Potter\nRichard Bruce Trimble\nRobert Edward Daggy\nDaniel Hipwell Kane, Jr.\nKent Ravenscroft, Jr.\nCharles Gerald Uznikian\nAnthony Alexander Dean\nMichael Kane\nFred Martin Reames\nTheodore Wattley Volckhausen\nCyrus Peter Durgin\nAlan Mitchell Kapuler\nHugh Higbee Redford\nWilliam David Wachsberger\nKenneth John Edwards\nHoward Herschel Kaufman\nJohn Richard Richards\nWard Belfield Watt\nCharles Lowrey Elkins\nJames Holland Keaten\nBurgert Smith Roberts\nAllan Joseph Weinstein\nGeorge Aspinwall Evans, Jr.\nEdward Francis Kelly\nRobert Howard Rodgers, Jr.\nJames Foster Whipple\nRonald Charles Federico\nJames Montgomery Kelly, III\nRobert Rosenkranz\nHenry German Will\nPeter Malcolm Fitzer\nMichael Lee Kern\nStephen Frank Rosenthal\nDavid Wood Wills\nMichael de Vlaming Flinn\nNeil David Kornzweig\nJohn Michael Ross\nWilliam Clyde Wright, Jr.\nRichard Wayne Fox\nTadahisa Kuroda\nRoss Rudolph\nRichard Wallace Ziebarth\nBACHELORS OF SCIENCE\nMark Arnold Cohan\nRobert Braine Hempstead\nDaniel Warner North\nThomas Anderson Standish, III\nHenry Byron Garrison\nBertil Hille\nRobert Eric Shultz\nRobert Howell Williams\nDirk Kurt Greineder\nCharles Edward Johnson\nBernard George Silbernagel\nEdward Charles Yarosh\nArthur Foster Hebard\n6\nHONORS IN YALE COLLEGE\nHonors With Exceptional Distinction\nThomas Max Achenbach, Psychology\nJoseph Buckley Lambert, Chemistry\nTimothy Howard Boyer, Physics\nLance Malcolm Liebman, Politics and Economics\nWilliam Michael Carleton, Zoology\nHarry East Miller, III, Russian Studies\nFranklin Fan-Keung Cheung, Physics\nBruce Steven Pansey, French\nRichard James Cross, Jr., Chemistry\nRichard David Portes, Mathematics\nGilbert Harlan Daniels, Biochemistry\nThomas Franklin Potter, Mathematics\nRichard Stephen Doeblin, Classics\nRobert Rosenkranz, Economics\nMarvin Allen Eisengart, Scholar of the House\nStuart Jay Sidney, Mathematics\nAlfred Goodman Gilman, Biochemistry\nBarry Mitchell Smoler, Chinese Studies\nRobert Alan Glick, History, the Arts, and Letters\nPhilip Robert Stewart, French\nJoseph Francis Graham, III, French\nRobert Grandin Stokstad, Physics\nNicholas James Gubser, Scholar of the House\nRobert Edmund Tully, Scholar of the House\nBertil Hille, Zoology\nDavid Wood Wills, History\nCharles Edward Johnson, Physics\nJoseph Leslie Young, Psychology\nAlan Mitchell Kapuler, Scholar of the House\nHigh Honors\nGeorge Arthur Akerlof, Economics and Mathematics\nDaniel Warner North, Physics\nArthur James Ashe, III, Chemistry\nEdward John O'Keefe, Biophysics\nChaplin Bradford Barnes, History, the Arts, and\nRobert Godfrey Oliver, History\nLetters\nLee Willing Patterson, English\nWilliam Hahn Blose, Anthropology\nKent Ravenscroft, Jr., Scholar of the House\nAdelbert K Charles, Jr., Economics\nFred Martin Reames, Physics\nGeorge Nickerson Clements, Art\nJohn Richard Richards, English\nCyrus Peter Durgin, Philosophy\nBurgert Smith Roberts, Scholar of the House\nPaul Timothy Gorman, Political Science and Phi-\nStephen Frank Rosenthal, History of Art\nlosophy\nPeter Churchill Saccio, Philosophy\nDirk Kurt Greineder, Biochemistry\nRobert Alan Schwartz, Mathematics and Physics\nJames Leland Grove, English\nEdward Robert Shapiro, Russian Language and\nArthur Foster Hebard, Physics\nLiterature\nRobert Braine Hempstead, Physics\nWilliam Upjohn Shipley, Culture and Behavior\nMichael David Hess, Political Science\nRobert Eric Shultz, Biochemistry\nKennedy Thoen Hill, Psychology\nLouis Linfield Simon, American Studies\nFrederic William Ilfeld, Jr., Culture and Behavior\nThomas Anderson Standish, III, Mathematics\nJames Holland Keaten, Economics\nJames DeWitt Stein, Jr., Mathematics\nEdward Francis Kelly, Scholar of the House\nEdward Lynde Strohbehn, Jr., Political Science\nKlaus Dieter Kertess, History of Art\nWillard Baldwin Taylor, Political Science\nJonathan Alan King, Zoology\nRobert Berne Titus, Political Science\nNeil David Kornzweig, Culture and Behavior\nWard Belfield Watt, Scholar of the House\nJames Michael Litvack, Economics\nHenry German Will, Political Science\nDavid Balfour Meil, Philosophy\nRobert Howell Williams, Physics\nStephen Jon Miko, History, the Arts, and Letters\nHonors\nMoulton Loyal Andrus, Architecture\nStephen Taylor Falk, Solid State Science\nJohn Wayne Carr, English\nAlexander Daniel Garvin, Architecture\nKenneth Thomas Cascone, Political Science\nRoy Theodore Hammer, Jr., English\nRobert Morse Crunden, Scholar of the House\nPhilip Bradley Harrison, Ancient History\nRobert Edward Daggy, History\nMichael Lawrence Horigan, American Studies\nWilliam Albert Dunson, Zoology\nAlexander Pope Humphrey, IV, History\nLouie Samuel Echols, III, History\nRodney John Hunter, English\nAnthony Owens Edmonds, History\nRobert Grant Irving, History\n(Honors continued on page 8)\n7\n(Honors continued)\nNorman Ervin Jackson, Jr., Architecture\nGary Earl Richardson, Literature and Philosophy\nHerbert Clement Jurgeleit, Chemistry\nPaul Arnold Robinson, History\nDaniel Hipwell Kane, Jr., Physics and Philosophy\nJohn Michael Ross, Culture and Behavior\nCharles Jessop Le Vine, Physics and Philosophy\nWilliam Gregory Snavely, Scholar of the House\nCharles Gould Morris, II, Psychology\nCharles Gerald Uznikian, History\nDonald Arthur Nichols, Economics\nNicholaas Johannes van der Merwe, Anthropology\nDonaldson Clark Pillsbury, History\nRobert Peel White, Anthropology\nLarry Speers Price, Economics\nJohn Ellis Knowles Wisner, Classics\nDonald John Richard, Culture and Behavior\nHONORS IN THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING\nDEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING WITH HONORS\nHighest Honors\nToby Berger, Electrical Engineering\nAnthony Francis Giamei, Metallurgy\nHigh Honors\nGary Allen Cunningham, Civil Engineering\nJohn Frederick Knutson, Electrical Engineering\nDouglas Daetz, Electrical Engineering\nJohn William McCredie, Jr., Mechanical Engineering\nGeorge Anthony Gorry, Jr., Chemical Engineering\nEdward Karl Morlok, Jr., Mechanical Engineering\nHonors\nRobert Peter Anathan, Electrical Engineering\nCharles Lee Huston, Civil Engineering\nRichard Murray Gale, Chemical Engineering\nSamuel Henry Knoll, Chemical Engineering\nJohn Forest Harkness, Mechanical Engineering\nNathan Richmond Melhorn, Electrical Engineering\nLoren Richard Haury, Mechanical Engineering\nArthur Llewellyn Roberts, 3d, Mechanical Engineer-\nFrancis Sherburne Hill, Jr., Electrical Engineering\ning\nRobert Neilson Hubby, Mechanical Engineering\nDEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE WITH HONORS\nHighest Honors\nCharles Whiting Van Winkle, Industrial Administration\nHigh Honors\nClayton Paul Alderfer, Industrial Administration\nDouglas Thompson Hall, Industrial Administration\nHonors\nRobert Anthony Altemeyer, Industrial Administra-\nStephen Charles Iman, Industrial Administration\ntion\nRonald Erik Johnson, Industrial Administration\n8\nCANDIDATES FOR DEGREES\nMembers of the Graduating Class in Yale College\nBACHELORS OF ARTS\nThomas Max Achenbach\nGeoffrey Forsythe Bogeaus\nSherman Bay Chickering\nJohn Franklin Adams, III\nHoward Preston Boggess\nHenry Clay Childs\nTimothy Adams\nLee Garrison Bolman\nThomas Southworth Childs, Jr.\nJack Franklin Adler, Jr.\nLorin Albert Boswell, Jr.\nNorman Victor Chimenti\nDonald Harman Akenson\nHaralambos Vassilios Botsis\nGarretson Wade Chinn\nGeorge Arthur Akerlof\nJames Abbot Bowditch\nJoseph Alsop Chubb\nDavid Gordon Alden\nB.E. Yale University 1961.\nRoger Stewart Clapp\nRichard Keith Alguire\nJohn Wilson Bowman\nHervey Parke Clark, Jr.\nNormand Francis Allen, II\nTimothy Howard Boyer\nPeter Lanman Clark\nErnesto Alvarez\nWillis Boothe Boyer, Jr.\nStephen Bruce Clark\nOakley Vander Poel Andrews\nColin Irving Bradford, Jr.\nRufus Gordon Clay\nMoulton Loyal Andrus\nCharles Edwin Brainard, Jr.\nGeorge Nickerson Clements\nTerry Edward Ansnes\nJohn Henry Brandt\nSherman Gilbert Cochran\nJeffrey Howard Antevil\nBruce Jeffrey Brener\nRobert Tweed Connery\nFrederick William Appell, Jr.\nMichael David Bristol\nGerard Lawrence Conway\nRalph David Arkush\nBrent Cruse Brolin\nJames Scott Cook\nArthur James Ashe, III\nThomas Kimball Brooker\nWilliam Ewald Cook\nJonathan Allen Ater\nTristam Anthony Brooks\nChristopher Thayer Cory\nLouis Girard Audette, II\nBoyd Paterno Brown, Jr.\nRichard Clarence Cowan\nSanford Eldon Avner\nMorgan Scott Brown\nRoger Pelton Craig\nFrank Hanes Ayres\nRoscoe Willett Browne\nJohn Campbell Crary\nBruce McDaniel Babcock\nDavid Anderson Brownlee\nWarren Earl Crews\nHenry Denison Babcock, Jr.\nDavid Barry Brudnoy\nTerrence Lee Croft\nSamuel Hutchins Back\nRichard Ronald Bruning\nDavid Pillsbury Crosby\nLee V Bakunin\nMichael Alan Brush\nRobert Morse Crunden\nThayer Baldwin, Jr.\nPaul Joseph Bschorr\nBertram Beach Culver, III\nAndrew David Ball\nStephen Worcester Buck\nAllan Smith Cunningham\nDonald William Banks, Jr.\nKevin Paul Buckley\nJames McAllister Curtis\nMark Andre Barber\nArthur Crane Burdett\nThomas McKeen Cutler\nJohn French Barlow\nVan Vechten Burger, Jr.\nRobert Edward Daggy\nRichard Kirby Barlow\nPaul Gerhardt Bursiek, Jr.\nWilliam Denis Damour\nChaplin Bradford Barnes\nRobert Alan Burton\nStephen Samuel Danetz\nPeter Barnes\nSamuel Marshall Busselle\nHerbert Ashton Danner\nNeiel Donald Baronberg\nJohn Frederic Byers, III\nJohn Bartlett Davies, Jr.\nGeorge Theophilos Basil\nBernard Alexander Campbell, Jr.\nRichard Ralph Davis\nJames Elwood Bayne\nKenneth David Campbell\nRichard Slaton Davis\nThomas Hunt Belknap\nRussell Paul Canevazzi\nAnthony Alexander Dean\nJames Halsey Bell\nJohn Gilbert Hubbard Cant\nPhilippe Jean de Chabert-Ostland\nPeter Dexter Bell\nCameron Carey\nHenry Taylor Dechert\nMitchell Benedict, III\nWilliam Michael Carleton\nHerbert Franklin Decker\nPeter Evans Berry\nEric Gustav Carlson\nMichael Helme de Havenon\nWilliam Porter Bestor\nAlexander Soutar Carney\nVictor Joseph DeMarco\nRobert William Beynart\nRobert Ruliph Morgan\nFrank Edward Devine\nDavid Brewster Bingham\nCarpenter, III\nGerard Ely DeVoe\nDouglas Knox Bingham\nJohn Wayne Carr\nJohn Michael Dienhart\nDouglas Keith Bissell\nMichael LeGrand Carr\nMihai Dinu Dimancescu\nMatthew Wilson Black, Jr.\nRichard Cushman Carroll, Jr.\nLoren Neil Divinsky\nRichard David Bland\nJames Arthur Carthaus\nGrant Michael Dixon\nLawrence Eugene Blonsky\nKenneth Thomas Cascone\nEdward Howard Dodd, III\nCarl Abbott Bloomberg\nBreaux Ballard Castleman\nRichard Stephen Doeblin\nBarry Llewellyn Blose\nJohn William Cavo, Jr.\nAlbert James Donohue\nWilliam Hahn Blose\nAlbert Morton Chambers, Jr.\nJohn Nelson Dowling\nJohn William Blouch\nJohn Stuart Chapman\nWilliam Albert Edward Doying\nDennis Hull Blumer\nAdelbert K Charles, Jr.\nJoseph Alexander Doyle, III\nErwin William Boehmler, Jr.\nWilliam Lenox Chenoweth\nDavid Nelson Dunn\n9\nArchibald Robertson Dunning, II\nBenjamin Ira Gottlieb\nFrederic Masters Holloway, Jr.\nCyrus Peter Durgin\nJohn MacLeod Gourlie\nJoseph Horne Holmes, III\nFelix Peter Dzwonkoski, Jr.\nSteffen William Graae\nClyde Finley Holt\nEdward Francis Eagan\nJoseph Francis Graham, III\nSherman David Holtzman\nLouie Samuel Echols, III\nJohn Yates Cebra Graves\nDavid Cloyd Honneus\nAnthony Owens Edmonds\nBurton Craige Gray\nMichael Lawrence Horigan\nKenneth John Edwards\nFrank Christian Gray\nPeter Ramsey Horton\nCharles Rice Eisendrath\nRobert Wing Gray\nMichael Otto Houlahan\nMarvin Allen Eisengart\nMichael Truman Greely\nOliver Marshall Houx\nEric Cooper Eitreim\nRobert Beckett Green\nDavid Allan Hovland\nCharles Lowrey Elkins\nWilliam Merritt Green\nCurtis Stephen Howard\nDouglas Richardson Elliott\nAllan Brewster Greenwood\nJohn Brewster Howard\nDwight Warren Ellis, III\nJan Paul Greer\nRichard John Howard\nLewis Earle Lee Elsey\nPeter Conner Greer\nDonald Robert Howe\nAaron Etra\nJohn Mercer Greiner\nWilliam Winthrop Hoyt\nCharles Frazier Evans\nJames Gerald Griffin\nEdward Allen Hubbard\nGeorge Aspinwall Evans, Jr.\nJohn Dudley Griffin\nElijah Kent Hubbard, III\nDavid Parry Ewing\nMatthew Bertram Grob\nGardner Kirk Hudson, II\nRichard Monroe Fairbanks, III\nWilliam George Gross, IV\nKent Higgon Hughes\nGordon Ramsay Fairburn\nJames Leland Grove\nRobert Wyatt Hull\nThomas Gilbert Falco\nGeorge Jacques Grumbach, Jr.\nAlexander Pope Humphrey, IV\nRonald Charles Federico\nNicholas James Gubser\nRodney John Hunter\nWilliam Anthony Feuchtwanger\nFrederick Alvin Guilford\nJeremy Pearce Hurley\nDavid Raymond Finkle\nRichard Carl Habermann\nFrederic William Ilfeld, Jr.\nPaul Corby Finney\nFerdinand John Hagele, III\nRobert Grant Irving\nJohn Edwin Fisher\nMartin deMora Hale\nDennis Miles Jackson\nLawrence Stephen Fisher\nStephen Dickson Hall\nHerrick Jackson\nPeter Malcolm Fitzer\nMichael Francis Halloran\nNorman Ervin Jackson, Jr.\nClark Schley Fitzmorris, Jr.\nAndrew Steven Halperin\nRobert Lewis Jackson\nCharles Augustine Flinn, Jr.\nJohn Marshall Hamilton\nClarence Abbot Jacobson\nMichael deVlaming Flinn\nWilliam Hamilton\nDerick Churchill January\nDavid Lippincott Fobes\nRoy Theodore Hammer, Jr.\nAlden Ferriss Jenks\nDouglas MacMurray Fox\nNoel Erskine Hanf, Jr.\nAlan Werness Johnson\nRichard Wayne Fox\nEdward Wilhelm Hard, Jr.\nAlexander Bryan Johnson, III\nKarl Dennison Frank\nDavid Scott Hardenbergh\nDavid Gregory Johnson\nJohn Edward Franz\nKenneth Roberts Harding\nDudley Paul Johnson\nEdward Bromwell Freeman, Jr.\nPhilip Bradley Harrison\nJon Paul Johnson\nNeal Blackwell Freeman\nRichard Bresee Hart, Jr.\nPaul Richard Johnson\nJan Peter Fugal\nRichard Huson Hart\nTheodore Condé Johnson\nMichael Cram Fulenwider\nRobert Arnold Hartley\nMichael Ferguson Johnston\nDenny Albert Fuller\nJohn Davis Hatch, III\nPeter Andrew Jolma\nJames Howard Gambrill\nCharles Robert Hayes\nAlf Jordan\nJames Knoll Gardner\nJohn Hopkins Hayward, Jr.\nSamuel Hart Joseloff\nArthur Jerome Garvey\nJames Stephen Hazlett\nHerbert Clement Jurgeleit\nAlexander Daniel Garvin\nKendrick Heath\nGordon Edward Kaake\nJohn Davis Gates\nJames Endre Helgeson\nCarl Frederick Kaestle\nRobert Carr George\nHanes Ayres Heller\nMartin Ira Kaminsky\nPierce Joseph Gerety, Jr.\nDavid Van Scoyoc Hemphill\nDaniel Hipwell Kane, Jr.\nJohn Herbert Christian Gervers\nJack Edward Henderson, Jr.\nMichael Kane\nPeter Douglas Gibbons\nJames Harold Heroy, III\nSteven Barry Kaplan\nPerry Joseph Gibbs, III\nDavid William Hershey\nAlan Mitchell Kapuler\nWilliam Henry Gilbert, III\nMichael David Hess\nHoward Herschel Kaufman\nRobert Alan Glick\nErrol Gaston Hill\nFrancis Kazumi Kawasaki\nPeter Lawrence Gluck\nJohn Howard Hill\nJames Holland Keaten\nPaul Allen Godburn\nKennedy Thoen Hill\nDeane Galloway Keller\nMichael Alan Golden\nJames Lawrence Hiney\nDaniel John Kelly\nEdwin Andrew Goodman\nJoseph Howard Hinnant\nEdward Francis Kelly\nNeil Goodwin\nBrian Thomas Hogan\nJames Montgomery Kelly, III\nAndrew Thompson Goodyear\nWalter Petrie Holbrook\nPaul Lance Kelly\nRobert Henri Gordon, Jr.\nHenry Thompson Holland\nRobert Dale Kemp, Jr.\nPaul Timothy Gorman\nJohn Roger Hollister\nMichael Lee Kern\nIO\nDouglas Santee Kerr\nTheodore Dungan Mandelkorn\nFrank DeSales O'Reilly, III\nKlaus Dieter Kertess\nArthur Kenneth Mann\nKenneth Corman Otis, Jr.\nJames Kieran Killelea\nJohn Hatch Mann\nAllen Ray Overmyer\nHerbert Donald Kirkland, III\nKim Dennehey Mann\nDavid Lee Page\nTimothy Edwin Kish\nRobert Lee Mannaberg\nBarton Palatnick\nRalph Leland Kissick\nRichard Alan Markus\nRobert Bolling Palmer\nWhitman Everett Knapp\nJohn Stuart Marr\nBruce Steven Pansey\nCharles Foster Knight\nThomas Sykes Mason\nJohn Fairbanks Partridge, Jr.\nJames Hughes Knowles, Jr.\nMichael Bailey Maw\nLee Willing Patterson\nLewis Anderson Knox\nPeter Edward Maxim\nClyde Lee Patton, Jr.\nKurt George Koegler\nRobert Smith Meehan\nJames Overby Pearson, Jr.\nWilliam John Koenig\nDavid Balfour Meil\nArthur John Peck, Jr.\nDaniel Meir Koenigsberg\nFrederick James Meine, Jr.\nDaniel Bernheim Penner\nNeil David Kornzweig\nRichard Thorpe Menn\nEdward Andrew Perell\nAlexander David Kovel\nJohn Robert Merrick\nPeter Manuel Perez\nTadahisa Kuroda\nAbel Alberto Mestre\nVincent Walker Perini\nRichard Bruce Lakein\nDonald Alexander Metz, Jr.\nScott Hovey Peterson\nAngelo Salvatore La Mantia\nBurton Frederick Metzger\nEdward Bayne Phillips\nStephen Sycle Lash\nGeorge Christian Meyer, III\nDonaldson Clark Pillsbury\nJames Harrison Lassiter, Jr.\nCharles Thomson Michener\nJohn Robert Pirozzolo\nRoger Myles Lauer\nStephen Jon Miko\nJohn Dennis Pitts\nRobert Eaton LeFevre\nDavid Northup Miles\nRutherford Hayes Platt, Jr.\nRobert Lewis Leff\nDavid Spencer Miller\nCharles Martin Pleuthner, Jr.\nCharles Jessop LeVine\nHarry East Miller, III\nWilliam George Polinsky, Jr.\nRobert Alan Lew\nVictor Brooke Miller\nRobert Spotswood Pollard, Jr.\nJames Andrew Lewis\nCharles Gardner Mills, IV\nRichard David Portes\nPeter Carlton Lewis\nJames Gordon Mills\nCharles Conrad Post\nLance Malcolm Liebman\nRichard Milsten\nThomas Franklin Potter\nJohn Richard Light\nJohn Paul Minneman\nLarry Speers Price\nThomas Bryant Ligon\nJohn Grey Montgomery\nLawrence Ward Prince\nDerek Ludlow Limbocker\nDavis Willett Moore, Jr.\nDavid Marc Pritzker\nJohn Philip Linfoot\nMichael Crary Moore\nPhilip George Proctor\nRoger William Lipsey\nWilliam Henry Moore, III\nRobert Projansky\nLawrence Martin Lipsher\nPhilip Sheridan Joseph Moriarty\nRodney Foulkner Quainton\nJames Michael Litvack\nCharles Gould Morris, II\nRichard Thackeray Radsch\nHenry Philen Lobstein\nWilliam Henry Moses, III\nKent Ravenscroft, Jr.\nKenneth Alan Lockridge\nTimothy Hayden Mulligan\nFred Martin Reames\nLeif Anthony Lohrbauer\nDavid Gill Murdock\nHugh Higbee Redford\nJames Theodore Long\nDaniel Hayes Murphy, II\nRoger Michael Reese\nJeffrey Harold Loria\nDonald Bruce Murphy\nWilliam Kane Reilly\nDavid William Loving\nJohn Francis Murphy\nHenry Salzman Resnik\nDouglas Raymond Loving\nBoyd Snodgrass Murray\nJonathan Michael Resnik\nThomas Craig Loynd\nRobert André Murray\nPaul Martin Ressinger\nThomas Walker Luckey\nHooshang Nasr\nBernard Gabriel Rethore\nStuart Darlington Ludlum, Jr.\nAndrew Eugene Naylor\nMichael William Rhode\nJohn Edmund Lund, II\nDaniel A Neary, Jr.\nSimon Rich\nMichael David Lutz\nScott Haviland Nelson\nDonald John Richard\nChristopher Lydon\nEli Herbert Newberger\nDavid Edwin Richards\nWilliam Burr Lyon\nEdgar Leon Newman\nJohn Richard Richards\nBrian Leon McCauley\nRobert Carter Nicholas, III\nRobert Charles Richards\nOliver McClintock, Jr.\nDonald Arthur Nichols\nGary Earl Richardson\nEdward Charles McConnell\nKarl Morris Nickel\nStephen Bradway Ripley\nDouglas Keith Macdonald\nEdward Peterson Nolan\nRichard Lee Riseling\nFrank Lewis McGuire\nDouglas McKay North\nEdward Hutchinson Robbins\nLouis Mackall, II\nAnthony Ormond Nugent\nBurgert Smith Roberts\nCharles Dunn McKee\nWilliam Roger Nye\nDouglas Burr Robinson, Jr.\nEllery Suydam McLanahan\nAlfred Trecartin Ogden, II\nPaul Arnold Robinson\nEdward Eugene Madden\nEdward John O'Keefe\nWilliam Spencer Robinson\nPeter Hammond Madden\nRobert Godfrey Oliver\nArne Robert Rode\nWilliam Joseph Madden\nJohn Patrick Opladen\nPhilip August Roden\nJames Allan Magee\nAlan Bailey Ordway\nRobert Howard Rodgers, Jr.\nII\nHenry Edwin Rogers\nRobert Abernethy Smith, Jr.\nHenry Adams Truslow, III\nJames Traugott Rohner\nWilliam Hamilton Smith, III\nKenneth Jesse Tuggle\nMarvin Stuart Romanoff\nBarry Mitchell Smoler\nRobert Edmund Tully\nWilliam Frederick Rope\nWilliam Gregory Snavely\nRichard Donald Turner, Jr.\nStephen Lee Rose\nGeorge Runyon Snider, Jr.\nJames Tyler\nRichard David Rosen\nChristopher Snow\nMichael Martin Uhlmann\nEdward Leslie Rosenbaum\nDennis Chrisman Snyder\nCharles Gerald Uznikian\nRobert Rosenkranz\nStanford Irwin Snyder\nCharles Eugene Valier, IV\nStephen Frank Rosenthal\nSceva Andrew Speare\nNicholaas Johannes van der Merwe\nDavid Ross, III\nRoderick Stanbery Speer\nJohn Paul Van Ness\nJames Jarcho Ross\nDuncan Choate Spencer\nTheodore Wattley Volckhausen\nJohn Michael Ross\nGeoffrey Crosthwaite Spencer\nWilliam David Wachsberger\nJames Edward Rouse\nMeriwether Lewis Spratlan, Jr.\nJohn Mercer Walker, Jr.\nRoss Rudolph\nMason Miller Sproul\nJohn Joseph Walsh, Jr.\nEmil Ernest Ruppé, III\nRoger Wolcott Squire, Jr.\nHenry Francis Wanning, III\nJames Henry Russ\nEarl Hudson Staelin\nThomas John Warchol\nDouglas Floyd Russell\nPeter Ivan Stangl\nJoseph Storer Warner\nGeorge Russell, Jr.\nStephen Frederick Starr\nJohn Roy Warren\nJon Leonard Saari\nJames DeWitt Stein, Jr.\nSamuel Atkinson Waterston\nPeter Churchill Saccio\nPeter Richard Stern\nWard Belfield Watt\nThomas Price Saine\nJohn Harger Stewart\nWilliam Crawford Weeden\nGary Salenger\nPhilip Robert Stewart\nWilliam Carnes Weeks\nStephen Mark Sales\nJames Leroy Stiver\nRoman Lee Weil, Jr.\nFrank Nicholas Samponaro\nRobert Lloyd Stivers\nAllan Joseph Weinstein\nRoscoe Nelson Sandlin, Jr.\nDonald Wayne Stobs, Jr.\nZachary Wellman\nRamon Luis Santiago\nStuart Stoddard\nPeter Hamlin Wells\nDavid Edward Scharff\nRoger Jeffery Stone\nRobert Shirley Wells\nPeter Eugene Schenck\nWilliam Willis Stork\nRichard Hale Wendin\nGregory Carl Schmid\nWilliam Merrell Stott\nEinar John Westerlund, Jr.\nWilliam Christian Schmidt, Jr.\nMarshall Grout Streibert\nMurray Wheeler, Jr.\nGeorge Washington Schoonmaker\nEdward Lynde Strohbehn, Jr.\nWilliam Bishop Wheeler\nRonald Malloch Schroder, Jr.\nThomas Henry Sullivan\nWilliam Webb Wheeler, IV\nRichard Daniel Schupbach\nStephen Zehring Surridge\nJames Foster Whipple\nRonald Townsend Schuster\nStephen Daily Susman\nCraig Wescott Whitaker\nJoseph Bernard Schwartz\nGerald Richard Swirsky\nArthur Francis White\nRobert Alan Schwartz\nRobert Hale Symonds\nJames Krantz White\nAnthony Church Scoville\nDudley Sutphin Taft\nRobert Peel White\nDavid Charles Seigle\nWillard Baldwin Taylor\nJohn Wynn Wickenden\nMichael Edmund Shaheen, Jr.\nJohn Marks Templeton, Jr.\nFrederic Wells Wilbur\nPhilip Sultan Shailer\nJoseph Bodine Terbell, Jr.\nAmos Tappan Wilder\nEdward Robert Shapiro\nHenry Porter Baldwin Terry, Jr.\nHenry German Will\nLewis Baker Shepley\nNathan Maxson Terry, Jr.\nDyke Van Etten Williams\nStanford Lee Sherman\nRoger Lyon Terry\nGeoffrey Anders Williams\nThomas Leslie Sherman\nGeorge Avis Thatcher\nOmer Stokes Jackson Williams\nWalker Edmund Shields, Jr.\nPhilip Duncan Thomas, Jr.\nWilliam Williams, II\nConrad Crawford Shimer\nChandler Cowles Thompson\nThomas Fort Williamson\nWilliam Upjohn Shipley\nKeith Nettleton Thompson\nBruce Donald Willis\nDonald Curran Shoup\nShelby Miller Thompson\nDavid Field Willis\nB.E. Yale University 1961.\nEdwin Thorne, Jr.\nDavid Wood Wills\nRichard James Shroyer\nJan Henrik Tillisch\nCharles Steven Wilson\nStuart Jay Sidney\nJames Michael Tillotson\nJohn August Wilson\nRobert Clayton Simmers\nRobert Berne Titus\nClark Joseph Winslow\nLouis Linfield Simon\nJacob Allen Toby\nJohn Ellis Knowles Wisner\nStephen Shope Sink\nRichard Edwin Tolsdorf\nJeffrey Harris Woodward\nDavid Clyde Siphron\nDavid Russell Toole\nPaul Marshall Wortman\nPeter Warren Sipple\nPaul Torop\nJeffrey Chapman Wright\nDavid Paul Smay, III\nGair Tourtellot, III\nWilliam Clyde Wright, Jr.\nDavid Barrett Smith\nJohn Jacquelin Trask, Jr.\nAndrew Henry Yost\nEarl Milton Smith, Jr.\nRichard Bruce Trimble\nCharles Bellamy Young\nGeorge Edwin Smith\nThomas McIntyre Triplett\nJoseph Leslie Young\nHenry DeWitt Smith, II\nArthur Edmond Trotman\nThomas Gorsuch Young, III\nI2\nWilliam David Youngerman\nRichard Kaye Zeeman\nRichard Laurence Zorn\nRichard Brown Yules\nRichard Wallace Ziebarth\nBernard Zucker\nFrederick Anthony Zahn\nRobert Barnes Zuckert\nBACHELORS OF SCIENCE\nDaniel Spencer Allan\nCharles Theodore Grant\nCharles William Neville\nJames Stuart Arnold, II\nDirk Kurt Greineder\nDaniel Warner North\nRaymond Milton Baker\nArthur Foster Hebard\nGriffith Livingston Resor, III\nCarl William Barth\nRobert Braine Hempstead\nRobert Blain Scheele\nJoseph Augustus Blake, III\nBertil Hille\nCarl Frederick Schiller\nRobert Paul Breault\nJohn Edward Hutchins\nRobert Eric Shultz\nHenry Robert Burger, III\nJohn Ernest Johnnidis\nBernard George Silbernagel\nJoseph Marshall Canter\nCharles Edward Johnson\nJames William Slavin\nHarry Jay Carr\nJonathan Alan King\nStuart Lawrence Sotman\nFranklin Fan-Keung Cheung\nJohn Slaven Kruger\nThomas Anderson Standish, III\nMark Arnold Cohan\nJoseph Buckley Lambert\nRobert Grandin Stokstad\nRichard James Cross, Jr.\nMicheal Joseph LeVine\nCharles Howard Stringham\nGilbert Harlan Daniels\nJohn Lee Livingston\nWyllys Terry, III\nRufus Spalding Day, III\nArnold Buist Lopez-Cepero\nWilliam Thomas Toal\nWilliam Albert Dunson\nWilliam Mallory McCormick\nJames Alan Wechsler\nStephen Taylor Falk\nWilliam Charles McMaster\nRobert Howell Williams\nHenry Byron Garrison\nRalph Gustavus Mancke\nEdward Charles Yarosh\nAlfred Goodman Gilman\nArthur Melvyn Nathanson\nJerome Aaron Yurow\nCandidates for Degrees in the School of Engineering\nBACHELORS OF ENGINEERING\nRobert Powers Ainsworth\nAnthony Francis Giamei\nRichard Albert Madlener\nJoseph Harry Akerman, Jr.\nWilliam Frederick Gieg\nNathan Richmond Melhorn\nLouis Michael Alberino\nGeorge Anthony Gorry, Jr.\nAlan Macaulay Merrill\nRobert Peter Anathan\nAllan Clarkson Greist\nDouglas Bernard Miron\nOroon Palmer Bannerot\nAlan Lewis Hallden\nEdward Karl Morlok, Jr.\nToby Berger\nJohn Forest Harkness\nJohn Ridgley Moses\nRobert Belmont Boni\nLoren Richard Haury\nDonald Edward Muller\nJames Cleveland Breese\nGustav William Hedlund\nRobert Andrew Nau\nPeter William Camp\nFrederick Harold Hemphill, Jr.\nParks Odenweller, 2d\nAnthony Joseph Carbone\nFrancis Sherburne Hill, Jr.\nEverett Arno Pyatt\nHenry Lewis Caulkins, Jr.\nRobert Neilson Hubby\nArthur Llewellyn Roberts, 3d\nThomas Woodring Chapman\nB.S. Yale University 1961.\nHarry Lee Rust\nRobert Hazard Chetty\nSteven Vaden Hudson\nRichard Morris Segel\nGeorge Edward Cleary, Jr.\nDavid Martin Hummel, Jr.\nGeorge Vernon Sheffield\nPeter Irwin Cohen\nCharles Lee Huston\nGary Frederick Simons\nWilliam David Cook\nSamuel Henry Knoll\nTom Youngson Smith, Jr.\nGary Allen Cunningham\nJohn Frederick Knutson\nRobert Wayne Spitz\nDouglas Daetz\nFrancis Gibbs LaMotte, 2d\nJohn Lawrence Tietze\nFrank Craig Dickson, 2d\nJohn Chamberlain Lawson\nOrrin David Towner\nNorman Vincent Edmonson, Jr.\nNewbold LeRoy, 3d\nKenneth Bridger Ullman\nKlaas van Esselstyn\nJames Edmund Luck\nBerthold Howard Waldorf\nRobert Barnett Flint, Jr.\nKenneth Kai Young Luke\nHarry McClain Ward, 3d\nWalter DeWayne France, Jr.\nRolf Patrick McClellan\nRichard Sayre Ward\nRodger Sennett Gabrielson\nJohn William McCredie, Jr.\nPhillip Alan Watson\nRichard Murray Gale\nWilliam Earl McGlashan\nWilliam Arthur Weber\nEdwin Robeson MacKethan, 3d\nI3\nBACHELORS OF SCIENCE\nClayton Paul Alderfer\nLouis Goodness\nWilliam Fielding Noble\nRobert Anthony Altemeyer\nEdmund Royce Groff\nNeal Ormond, 3d\nDonald Burton Bagley, Jr.\nDouglas Thompson Hall\nRoy Tilden Parker, 3d\nStephen Alphonse Bansak, Jr.\nJoseph Sigg Hanson\nCharles Stanton Peel\nRobert Bowling Barnes, Jr.\nDavid Neal Hopkins\nMichael Milton Pharr\nWilliam Boulton Bates, Jr.\nStephen Charles Iman\nPaul Douglas Pronsky, Jr.\nBruce Paul Bedford\nRonald Erik Johnson\nRichard Henry Robinson\nChristopher Osborn Bent\nDonald Dallas Keyes\nTerry William Rothermel\nRobert Patterson Bremner, 3d\nFrancis Xavier Lang, Jr.\nB.E. Yale University 1961.\nRichard Bushnell Chalker, Jr.\nWilliam Remington Leckonby\nJacobo Dario Salas\nRichard Andrew Evans\nKirkpatrick MacDonald\nRodolfo Salas\nJames Alfred Fisher\nPeter Stuart McDougall\nRobert Thexton Serumgard\nMichael Robert Flicker\nArthur Ford Maurer\nCharles Whiting Van Winkle\nJohn Allen Gerlach\nRussell Kenneth Merkey\nJohn Frederick Ziebold\nCANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS ENSIGN, UNITED STATES NAVY\nFrank Hanes Ayres\nPeter William Camp\nLouis Goodness\nStephen Alphonse Bansak, Jr.\nFrank Craig Dickson, 2d\nHerbert Donald Kirkland, III\nJohn William Blouch\nNorman Vincent Edmonson, Jr.\nRalph Leland Kissick\nErwin William Boehmler, Jr.\nRichard Monroe Fairbanks, III\nRussell Kenneth Merkey\nCANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT,\nUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS\nJan Paul Greer\nFrederick Harold Hemphill, Jr.\nGary Frederick Simons\nJames Overby Pearson, Jr.\nCANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS ENSIGN, UNITED STATES NAVAL RESERVE\nDavid Gordon Alden\nJohn Campbell Crary\nPeter Eugene Schenck\nTristam Anthony Brooks\nRutherford Hayes Platt, Jr.\nDonald Wayne Stobs, Jr.\nThomas Southworth Childs, Jr.\nRichard Henry Robinson\nDavid Orrin Towner\nCANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS ENSIGN, UNITED STATES NAVY\nAFTER COMPLETING SUMMER 1962 CRUISE REQUIREMENTS\nRichard Carl Habermann\nWilliam Mallory McCormick\nThomas Fort Williamson\nRobert Lloyd Stivers\n14\nCANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, ARTILLERY,\nUNITED STATES ARMY\nDavid B. Smith\nCANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, INFANTRY,\nUNITED STATES ARMY\nBernard G. Rethore\nCANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, ADJUTANT\nGENERAL'S CORPS, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE\nFrank E. Devine\nThomas E. Johnson\nGeorge R. Snider, Jr.\nWilliam K. Reilly\nCANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, ARMY\nINTELLIGENCE, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE\nDouglas K. Bissell\nMartin deM. Hale\nDerek L. Limbocker\nMichael deV. Flinn\nAllen R. Overmyer\nCANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT,\nARMY SECURITY, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE\nGeorge E. Cleary, Jr.\nCANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, ARTILLERY,\nUNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE\nNormand F. Allen, II\nDouglas B. Robinson, Jr.\nStephen Z. Surridge\nArthur F. Maurer\nEdward L. Strohbehn, Jr.\nFrederic W. Wilbur\nMichael M. Pharr\nCharles S. Wilson\nCANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT,\nCORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE\nThomas H. Belknap\nCANDIDATES FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, INFANTRY,\nUNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE\nLee V Bakunin\nWilliam D. Damour\nPeter C. Lewis\nCANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT,\nORDNANCE CORPS, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE\nJohn S. Kruger\nCANDIDATE FOR COMMISSION AS SECOND LIEUTENANT, MEDICAL\nSERVICE CORPS, UNITED STATES ARMY RESERVE\nWard B. Watt\n5\nBACHELORS OF FINE ARTS\nKaren Lee Allen\nFred Frank Marcellino\nB.A. Grinnell College 1960.\nMarian Coleman Martin\nJanet Dickey Alling\nB.A. Scripps College 1961.\nPatricia Potter Anderson\nLynn Carla Miller\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nB.S. State University of New York 1961.\nJohn Avakian\nElizabeth James Moffitt\nJoel Lawrence Avirom\nGeoffrey Moss\nEugene Waitele Baguskas\nB.A. University of Vermont 1960.\nThomas Bang\nPolly Seeley Mudge\nJudith Betsy Barsky\nB.A. Smith College 1960.\nB.A. Bennington College 1960.\nGeorge Nick\nRobert Elliot Berlind\nRobert Truman Perron\nB.A. Columbia University 1960.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1959.\nBenedetto Roberto Bianchi\nAnthony Stewart Wiley Phillips\nRobert Alan Blumenthal\nB.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1960.\nB.A. Colgate University 1960.\nAnthony Pratt\nJames Richard Caudle\nB.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1960.\nB.A. American University 1954.\nRobert Adler Propper\nMichael Chelminski\nB.S. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1957.\nMarcia Steffen Clark\nNalda Robison Regelson\nB.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1950.\nRobert John Cuneo\nFrank Ramon Rivera\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nStephen Burns Dunne\nRichard Anthony Serra\nB.S.S. Georgetown University 1959.\nB.A. University of California (Santa Barbara) 1961.\nDorothy Elizabeth Evelyn\nAdèle Elizabeth Shepard\nB.A. Rollins College 1958.\nHarriet Shorr\nJanet Isobel Fish\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1960.\nB.A. Smith College 1960.\nDuncan Coburn Syme\nEdward Granville Foss\nB.A. Yale University 1960.\nB.A. Yale University 1960.\nSister Mary Bartholomew Tanner, O.P.\nGail Kathryn Geissinger\nB.A. University of Notre Dame 1958.\nB.A. Sarah Lawrence College 1960.\nPaul Tschinkel\nPeter Michael Gish\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1960.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1949.\nGeorgia Hardin Wall\nJames Frederick Gladden\nB.A. Sarah Lawrence College 1960.\nB.A. St. Lawrence University 1955.\nOscar Donald Walters\nDaniel Alexander Gorski\nB.F.A. Philadelphia Museum College of Art 1961.\nNancy Stevenson Graves\nSandra Kay Whipple\nB.A. Vassar College 1961.\nB.A. Wellesley College 1958.\nSophia Warner Healy\nCharles Hamilton Wilson\nB.A. Middlebury College 1961.\nB.A. Louisiana State University 1959.\nAnna Brita Held\nJohn Randolph Winslow\nB.A. Smith College 1960.\nB.A. Princeton University 1960.\nFrederick Albert Horowitz\nAlfred Leon Wonderlick\nB.A. Yale University 1960.\nElaine Dorothy Wong\nCynthia Childs Kohn\nB.A. Boston University 1959.\nB.A. Wellesley College 1960.\nWilson Edward Wright, 3d\nPatrick Michael Laughlin\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1958.\nPeter Robert Lipsitt\nVivian Wei-Chu Yu\nB.A. Brandeis University 1961.\nB.A. Chung Chi College (Hong Kong) 1957.\n16\nBACHELORS OF ARCHITECTURE\nPaul Holland Bartlett\nKeith Rockwell Kroeger\nB.A. Yale University 1957.\nB.A. Princeton University 1958.\nGeorge Eugene Buchanan, Jr.\nCarl Steere Myrus\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1957.\nRussell Coffin Childs\nCharles Cramer Ormsby, 3d\nB.A. Williams College 1958.\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nLeonard Philip Perfido\nAlexander Cooper, Jr.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nRichard Reinhart\nDavid Washabaugh Fix\nB.A. Yale University 1960.\nRobert Larason Guthrie\nOtto Adolf Sperr\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Columbia University 1955.\nCharles Gwathmey\nDonald Ralph Watson\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nJoshua George Harvey, 4th\nMyles Richard Weintraub\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nJohn Gholson Kittredge (1961)\nMing-Hsien Wu\nB.A. Yale University 1957.\nB.S. University of Wisconsin 1953.\nMASTERS OF FINE ARTS\nDESIGN\nEve Taft Ingalls\nB.A. Smith College 1958, B.F.A. Yale University 1960.\nJoan Phyllis Berg\nJocelyn de Blois Kargère\nB.F.A. Tulane University 1958.\nB.F.A. Philadelphia Museum College of Art 1960.\nAriane Ruth Berman\nVaino Kola\nB.F.A. Hunter College 1959.\nB.F.A. Massachusetts College of Art 1959.\nLewis Glen Brierley\nEugene Walter Leake, Jr.\nB.F.A. Minneapolis School of Art 1960.\nB.F.A. Yale University 1960.\nRachel Katzin Chodorov\nWilliam John Lees\nB.F.A. Carnegie Institute of Technology 1956.\nB.F.A. Yale University 1961.\nWilliam Brewer Cudahy, Jr.\nLorraine Paul Levy\nB.A. Yale University 1959, B.F.A. Yale University 1961.\nB.F.A. Minneapolis School of Art 1958.\nWalter Thies Cummings\nEva Maria Llorens Rodriguez\nB.F.A. Massachusetts College of Art 1960.\nB.F.A. Yale University 1960.\nWilliam Humiston Darr\nGeorge Clifford McGuigan\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1951.\nB.S. Southern Connecticut State College 1956, B.F.A. Yale\nUniversity 1959.\nMargaret Melone Deines\nB.F.A. Rhode Island School of Design 1959.\nSusan Winifred Mangam\nB.A. University of New Hampshire 1959, B.F.A. Yale Uni-\nDeborah de Moulpied\nversity 1961.\nB.F.A. Yale University 1960.\nThomas George Mapp\nFrederick Lewis Felton\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1958, B.F.A. Yale University 1961.\nB.F.A. Yale University 1960.\nCarl Junior Miller\nB.F.A. Minneapolis School of Art 1960.\nJohannes Hildebrand von Gumppenberg\nB.F.A. Rhode Island School of Design 1955.\nPeter Winslow Milton\nB.F.A. Yale University 1954.\nGerald Hahn\nB.F.A. Yale University 1960.\nDavid Klaus Albert Palm\nB.S. University of Michigan 1960, B.F.A. Yale University\nEllen Grim Harter\n1961.\nB.F.A. Yale University 1960.\nWillard Doerr Pilchard\nGerald Matthew Immonen\nB.S. Illinois Institute of Design 1959, B.F.A. Yale Univer-\nB.F.A. Yale University 1960.\nsity 1961.\n17\nRobert James Reed, Jr.\nEmily Jean Macaulay Smith\nB.S. Morgan State College 1958, B.F.A. Yale University\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1957, B.F.A. Yale University 1961.\n1960.\nRoy Arthur Superior\nSheila Marie Reilly\nB.F.A. Pratt Institute 1956.\nB.A. Marymount College (Tarrytown) 1959, B.F.A. Yale\nRichard Paul Wachter\nUniversity 1961.\nB.F.A. Yale University 1961.\nEdaik Anna Rinden\nCharles James Wright\nB.A. Brown University 1957, B.F.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.F.A. Rhode Island School of Design 1960.\nMASTERS OF ARCHITECTURE\nJames Carl Abbott, Jr.\nDavid Conrad Hoedemaker\nB.Arch. University of Florida 1959.\nB.Arch. University of Washington 1960.\nJames Leigh Alcorn\nTai Soo Kim\nB.Arch. University of California (Berkeley) 1961.\nB.Sc. in Engr. Seoul National University (Korea) 1959, M.Sc.\n1960.\nBruce Porter Arneill\nB.Arch. Yale University 1959.\nGene Kinoshita\nB.Arch. University of British Columbia 1959.\nJohn Francis Chisholm\nB.Arch. University of Minnesota 1960.\nSubhash Vasudeo Paranjpe\nB.Arch. University of Delhi (India) 1959.\nRobert Alan Cordingley\nB.Arch. Liverpool School of Architecture 1951.\nRichard George Rogers\nDipl. Architectural Association School of Architecture (Lon-\nNorman Robert Foster\ndon) 1960.\nDipl. in Arch., Cert. in Town and Country Planning, Uni-\nversity of Manchester 1961.\nGerman Cesar Salas-Rotundo\nDottore in Architettura, University of Florence 1958.\nAndres Gonzalez-Arquieta\nB.Arch. Institute of Technology and Higher Studies of Mon-\nJack Fletcher See, Jr.\nterrey (Mexico) 1955.\nB.A., B.Arch. University of Arkansas 1958.\nMASTERS OF CITY PLANNING\nBrian Duncan Bagot\nDean Frederick Hofe\nB.A. Arch. University College (London) 1958, Dipl. Town\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1956, B.Arch. Yale University 1960.\nPlanning 1960.\nDonald Hale Laidlaw\nPrabhakar Vaman Bakshi\nB.A. University of Arizona 1960.\nDipl. Arch., M.S. University of Baroda (India) 1956.\nGeorge Terrell Lathrop\nOsvaldo Benito Bedini\nB.C.E. North Carolina State College (Raleigh) 1957.\nB.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1956, M.Arch. 1957.\nMeredith Sawyer Miller\nB.A. Smith College 1958.\nFrancisco Fernando Carbajal d'Angelo\nDipl. Arch. National Engineering University (Peru) 1956,\nWilliam Stanley Nichols\nDipl. City Planning 1958.\nB.S. Land. Arch. University of Massachusetts 1958.\nHyung Chan Chung\nErnesto Paredes Arana\nB.Arch. Yale University 1960.\nDipl. Arch. National Engineering University (Peru) 1951,\nCert. City Planning 1952, Cert. Architectural Association,\nArnebert Ernest Englehart\nSchool of Architecture (London) 1954.\nB.S.C.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1959, B.S. Trinity\nRenato R. Rossi L.\nCollege (Connecticut) 1960.\nDip. Engr. University of Agraria (Peru) 1944, Cert. Univer-\nErnesto Gastelumendi Velarde\nsity of Oxford 1952.\nDipl. Arch. National Engineering University (Peru) 1937,\nLakshmi Chand Sharma\nDipl. City Planning 1951.\nB.Arch. University of Delhi (India) 1959.\n18\nMASTERS OF FINE ARTS\nDRAMA\nJoseph Arthur Kirland\nB.A. University of Connecticut 1955.\nLeif Ericson Ancker\nB.A. Kenyon College 1958.\nDavid Samuel Meranze\nArthur Nicholas Athanason\nB.A. Harvard University 1954.\nB.A. University of Florida 1959.\nHarlan Dorst Mills\nAnthony James Bravar\nB.A. Southern Methodist University 1960.\nB.F.A. Carnegie Institute of Technology 1953.\nGennaro Anthony Montanino\nKing Fai Chung\nB.S. St. John's University (New York) 1953, M.A. Columbia\nB.A. Oklahoma Baptist University 1959.\nUniversity 1959.\nLeslie Holmes Easley\nJoel Oliansky\nB.S. Sul Ross State College 1955.\nB.A. Hofstra College 1959.\nJohn Stafford Edwards\nJames Livingston Read, Jr.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1959.\nB.A. University of Kentucky 1959.\nDavid Ellis\nBarbara Orr Reid\nB.S. Northwestern University 1948.\nB.A. Hollins College 1959.\nJerry Norman Evans\nElisa Ewing Ronstadt\nB.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1958.\nB.A. Vanderbilt University 1959.\nLloyd Ranney Evans\nOwen Edward Ryan\nB.Mus. University of Michigan 1954.\nB.A. University of Maryland 1957.\nMary Jane Herndon Finley\nHarriette Austin Segura\nB.S. New York University 1961.\nB.A. Columbia University 1943.\nRichard Foreman\nJames Beach Steerman\nB.A. Brown University 1959.\nB.A. University of Kansas 1958.\nWilliam Terrell Gates\nB.A. University of Southern California 1959.\nJoyce Elliott Steerman\nB.A. University of Kansas 1959.\nTheodore Eugene Gilliam\nB.A. North Carolina College 1959.\nRobert Erskine Strane\nB.A. Florida State University 1954, M.A. Catholic Univer-\nOliver Daffan Hailey, Jr.\nsity of America 1959.\nB.F.A. University of Texas 1954.\nErrol Gaston Hill\nJohn Henry Thomas, III\nB.A. Denison University 1957.\nB.A. Yale University 1962.\nFrederick Granger Hunt\nPaul Russell Weidner, Jr.\nB.A. Brown University 1959.\nB.A. College of Charleston 1955.\nLynne Albright Inkelas\nDonald Murray White, Jr.\nB.S. Skidmore College 1959.\nB.S. Northwestern University 1959.\nKenneth Elliot Kelman\nJohn Newton White\nB.A. Columbia University 1957.\nB.A. Muskingum College 1952.\nDOCTORS OF FINE ARTS\nWITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS\nJohn Brockington\nAlbert Jack Zuckerman\nB.A. University of British Columbia 1953.\nB.A. Princeton University 1953, M.F.A. Yale University\nA Critical Analysis of the Plays of Lillian Hellman.\n1961.\nShakespeare's Playwriting Techniques: A Dramaturgic Com-\nparison of Hamlet with its So-called Bad Quarto.\nCERTIFICATE IN DRAMA\nEra Peretz\n19\nMASTERS OF MUSIC\nDavid Milton Barron\nLinda Temple Lienhard\nMus.B. Baylor University 1959.\nB.A. Mount Holyoke College 1959.\nRaymond Pickard Bills\nAlvin Thomas Lunde\nMus.B. Northwestern University 1959.\nMus.B. St. Olaf College 1959.\nJohn Simon Bollinger\nAnna Marie Manicone\nMus.B. Oberlin Conservatory of Music 1959.\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1960.\nFrankie Caleb\nJames Russell Morris\nB.A. University of California (Los Angeles) 1960.\nB.Mus. University of Arkansas 1958.\nPeter Paul Dillard Olejar\nJoel Avon Chadabe\nB.A. Duke University 1959.\nB.A. University of North Carolina 1959.\nNeva Stevens Pilgrim\nThomas James Clifton\nB.A. Hamline University 1960.\nB.Mus.Ed. University of Notre Dame 1958.\nJames Edward Reyes\nRoyal David Crowell, Jr.\nMus.B. Syracuse University 1960.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nHildred Elizabeth Roach\nCarol Julie Crowley (1961)\nB.A. Fisk University 1957.\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1957.\nJohn Earl Rogers\nB.A., Mus.B. University of Georgia 1960.\nJames Eddy Cunningham\nMus.B. Baldwin-Wallace College\"1956.\nGerard Rosa, Jr.\nMus.B. Yale University 1960.\nRalph Placidus D'Mello\nB.Sc. St. Xavier's College (Bombay) 1957.\nMary Frances Ross\nMus.B. Oberlin Conservatory of Music 1959.\nErnesto Epistola y Villaneuva (1961)\nGeorge Rosenfeld Schermerhorn\nB.A. University of Philippines 1956.\nB.S. Hartwick College 1960.\nRogelio Cirilo Ermili\nWayne McDowell Sheley\nMus.B. Baylor University 1959.\nB.S. Hartwick College 1960.\nFlorence Turner Fowler\nMelvyn Frederick Springer\nB.A. Hollins College 1959.\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nRaymond Edwin Harris\nPaul Dearness Tamblyn\nMus.B. Westminster Choir College 1958.\nMus.B. Oberlin Conservatory of Music 1959.\nPeter Jay Hedrick (1961)\nSylvia Ann Wagner\nMus.B. Oberlin Conservatory of Music 1959.\nB.A. Oberlin College 1958.\nJames Fredrick Hopkins\nArthur Welwood, Jr.\nMus.B. University of Southern California\"1960.\nMus.B. Boston University 1956.\nArthur Joseph Komar\nAllen Richard Wolbrink\nB.A. Columbia University 1957.\nB.A. Hope College 1954.\nGad Menahem Lewertoff\nPhillip Taylor Young\nB.A. Yale University 1960.\nB.A. Bowdoin College 1949.\nBACHELORS OF DIVINITY\nGary GaMaille Barnes\nFrederick Craig Clark\nB.A. DePauw University 1958.\nB.A. Oberlin College 1958.\nWilliam Seth Barnes\nRichard Arthur Dannenfelser\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1958.\nB.A. College of Wooster 1959.\nMartin Luther Bupp, II\nFrank Lloyd Dent\nB.A. Catawba College 1959.\nB.A. Rice University 1959.\nTha Din\nRonald Preston Byars\nB.Th. Burma Divinity School 1958.\nB.A. University of Nebraska 1959.\nDavid Cameron Duncombe, cum laude\nWilliam Alfred Charland, Jr.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1953, M.A. Columbia University\nB.A. Yankton College 1959.\n1955.\n20\nDavid Russel Ehalt\nDwight Lowell Mathes\nB.A. DePauw University 1959.\nB.A. University of Iowa 1958.\nFrederick Arthur Foltz\nPaul Lawrence Minear, cum laude\nB.A. Gettysburg College 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nJohn Goodrich Gager, Jr., cum laude\nChristopher Ludwig Morse\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Randolph-Macon College 1959.\nWilliam Henry Goddard\nWilliam Wilson Mount, Jr.\nB.A. University of Denver 1959.\nB.A. Northwestern University 1958.\nWilliam James Halfaker\nDonald Dale Myers\nB.A. Carleton College 1958.\nB.A. Heidelberg College 1958.\nStanley Lincoln Harbison\nJohn Septimus Nuveen\nB.A. Bethany College 1959.\nB.A. University of Chicago 1956.\nFrederick Earnshaw Hershey\nNathan Asare Opoku\nB.A. Harvard University 1956, M.S. in L.S. Western Reserve\nB.A. University College of Ghana 1959.\nUniversity 1957.\nGene Harold Outka, cum laude\nJohn Frederick Heuchert\nB.A. University of Redlands 1959.\nB.A. Lehigh University 1956.\nMorgan Lee Phillips\nEmmett James Holland\nB.A. Ohio Wesleyan University 1959.\nB.A. Southwestern University (Texas) 1959.\nMuriel Ann Phillips (1961)\nAllen Searles Holt\nB.S. St. Louis University 1955, M.A. 1958.\nB.A. University of Vermont 1959.\nDonald Elmer Polkinghorne\nLeroy Thomas Howe\nB.A. Washington University (St. Louis) 1959.\nB.A. University of Miami (Florida) 1958, M.A. 1959.\nDavid McClellan Price\nArchie Vernon Huff, Jr.\nB.A. University of Michigan 1958.\nB.A. Wofford College 1959.\nAndrew Benton Randolph\nEmil Paul John\nB.A. Stanford University 1959.\nB.A. Brown University 1950, M.S. Columbia University 1951.\nHoward McNair Ratcliff\nRobert Webster Johnson\nB.A. Texas Christian University 1959.\nB.A. Syracuse University 1958.\nWoodrow Wilson Richardson, Jr.\nHarold Lynn Jondahl\nB.A. Mercer University 1958.\nB.A. State University of Iowa 1958.\nVernon Bruce Rigdon, magna cum laude\nPhilip Francis Kahal\nB.A. College of Wooster 1958.\nB.A. Richmond College 1959.\nKenneth Elmer Rowe\nMiyako Matsuki Keay\nB.A. Drew University 1959.\nB.A. Oberlin College 1959.\nDon Earl Saliers, cum laude\nGeorge Kent Keller\nB.A. Ohio Wesleyan University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nJack Alan Scott\nJohn Charles Kelley\nB.A. Abilene Christian College 1954.\nB.A. Northwestern University 1959.\nDavid Park Seipt\nJohn Murray Kendrick\nB.A. Johns Hopkins University 1958, M.A. Yale University\nB.B.A. University of Texas 1957, B.A. 1959.\n1959.\nDavid Jon Koehler\nLonel Earl Shaw, Jr.\nB.A. University of Illinois 1958.\nB.A. Wake Forest College 1959.\nDarrell Dexter Lacock (1961)\nDaniel Pierce Smith\nB.A. Illinois Wesleyan University 1958.\nB.A. Emory University 1959.\nThomas Lee Law\nAndrew Aaron Sorensen\nB.A. College of William and Mary 1959.\nB.A. University of Illinois 1959.\nDavid Edward Linge\nNancy Sue Stagg\nB.A. DePauw University 1959.\nB.Mus. University of Oklahoma 1959.\nJohn Rittenhouse Long\nAlfred Knighton Stanley\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nB.A. Talladega College 1959.\nJoan Hollingsworth Mackenzie (1961)\nCharlotte Marie Stearns (1961)\nB.A. Wittenberg University 1958.\nB.A. Elmira College 1950, M.A. Columbia University 1957.\n21\nDonald Keeney Swearer\nJohn Joseph Wenzke\nB.A. Princeton University 1956.\nB.A. Gettysburg College 1959.\nHerbert Frank Talabere\nJames Wilden White\nB.A. Willamette University 1959.\nB.A. University of Oklahoma 1959.\nFrederick Richard Trost\nDorothy Hansel Woodside\nB.A. University of Michigan 1957.\nB.A. Randolph-Macon Woman's College 1957.\nFrederick William Umminger, Jr.\nKuang-ming Wu\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nB.Th. Tainan Theological College (Taiwan) 1959.\nArie Johannes van den Blink\nDavid Earl Young\nB.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1955.\nB.A. Indiana Central College 1959.\nL. Don Veglahn\nLawrence Telford Young\nB.A. Morningside College 1959.\nB.A. Southwestern College 1959.\nJohn Philip Zaeder\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nMASTERS OF ARTS IN RELIGION\nSusan Kay Bender\nSharon Lee Long\nB.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1959.\nB.A. Michigan State University 1959.\nJames Donald Harvey\nBetsy Carroll Lyon\nB.S. University of Illinois 1960.\nB.A. University of North Carolina 1958.\nDoris Emily Hodgson\nGeorge William Patterson\nB.A. University of California (Los Angeles) 1960.\nB.A. University of Cambridge 1960.\nSusan Byrne Krass\nJoanne Russell Poland\nB.A. Cornell University 1959.\nB.A. University of Massachusetts 1960.\nNancy Sherwood Willcox (1961)\nB.S. Chatham College 1959.\nMASTERS OF SACRED THEOLOGY\nRobert Howell Anderson, Jr.\nHolland McSwain, Jr.\nB.A. Juniata College 1940, S.T.B. General Theological Semi-\nB.A. University of North Carolina 1958, B.D. Union Theo-\nnary 1943.\nlogical Seminary (Virginia) 1961.\nHerman Dix Archer\nAvery Coe Manchester\nB.A. Milligan College 1953, B.D. Vanderbilt University 1959.\nB.A. College of Emporia 1951, B.D. Southern Methodist Uni-\nversity 1953.\nJack William Bremer\nB.A. Ottawa University 1956, B.D. Yale University 1961.\nDonald Berwin Manworren\nB.A. Drake University 1957, B.D. 1961.\nWilliam Daniel Cobb, III\nB.A. Transylvania College 1958, B.D. Yale University 1961.\nHoward Ernest Mueller\nB.A. North Central College 1958, B.D. Evangelical Theo-\nShelton Alan deSilva\nlogical Seminary 1961.\nB.A. University of Ceylon 1948, B.D. University of Seram-\npore (India) 1953.\nDavid Gwyn Nicholls\nB.S. University of London 1957.\nRichard Gustav Horace Fort\nB.A. University of Cambridge 1960, Dipl. in Christian Theol-\nJovelino Pereira Ramos\nogy 1961.\nCert. Colegio Caratinga 1953, B.D. Seminario Presbiteriano\nde Campinas (Brazil) 1959.\nJohn Richard Gibson\nAlan Anderson Stuart Reid\nB.A. Wofford College 1958, B.D. Yale University 1961.\nM.A. University of Edinburgh 1955, B.D. 1960.\nDavid Edson Huff\nEustace Lloyd Renner\nB.A. Ohio Wesleyan University 1957, B.D. Yale University\nB.A. Albright College 1959, B.D. Evangelical Theological\n1960.\nSeminary 1961.\nRobert William Johnston MacDermott\nCharles Mason Swezey\nB.A. University of Cambridge 1955, M.A. 1958, B.D. Uni-\nB.A. Washington and Lee University 1957, B.D. Union Theo-\nversity of Edinburgh 1961.\nlogical Seminary (Virginia) 1961.\n22\nCERTIFICATES IN NURSE-MIDWIFERY\nShirley Ann Faulkner\nSheila Kathleen Taylor\nB.A. Smith College 1955, M.N. Yale University 1958.\nB.S.N. Oklahoma Baptist University 1959.\nIeva-Jurate Saltenis\nPhyllis Arleen Tryon\nB.S. University of California (Los Angeles) 1958.\nB.S. Boston University School of Nursing 1958.\nMASTERS OF SCIENCE IN NURSING\nBarbara Jean Anderson\nJulina Peery Rhymes\nB.S.N. University of Minnesota 1959.\nB.S.N.E. The Catholic University of America 1950.\nAudrey Mae Clark\nIeva-Jurate Saltenis\nB.S. University of California (Los Angeles) 1958.\nB.S. Syracuse University 1957.\nJoyce Ann Semradek\nVirginia Madge DeLuca\nB.S.N. University of Wisconsin 1957.\nB.S. Southern Connecticut State College 1956, M.A. Teachers\nSheila Kathleen Taylor\nCollege, Columbia University 1959.\nB.S.N. Oklahoma Baptist University 1959.\nShirley Ann Faulkner\nPhyllis Arleen Tryon\nB.A. Smith College 1955, M.N. Yale University 1958.\nB.S. Boston University School of Nursing 1958.\nMASTERS OF FORESTRY\nEmory Speer Akerman, Jr.\nGordon Michael Heisler\nB.S. University of the South 1961.\nB.S. Pennsylvania State University 1961.\nRadovan Aksentijevich\nClaude McDavid Hughes\nEng.For. University of Belgrade 1955.\nB.S. Louisiana Polytechnic Institute 1961.\nNorman Sidney Baird\nOwen Thomas Jamison\nB.Sc.F. University of Toronto 1956.\nB.S. Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1950.\nRoger Philip Belanger\nConstantine Kostukevich\nB.S. Utah State University 1961.\nWarsaw School of Agriculture 1939, Graz Polytechnic Insti-\ntute 1948.\nGeorge Harley Belt, Jr.\nB.S. North Carolina State College 1960.\nCharles Harrison Anthony Little\nB.Sc.F. University of New Brunswick 1961.\nJoseph Waldo Bennett, Jr.\nB.S. University of Georgia 1961.\nRobert Eugene Lockhart\nB.S. West Virginia University 1953.\nSoonthorn Bhothigun\nB.S. Kasetsart University (Thailand) 1958.\nCharles Nassau Lowrie, 3d\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1955.\nThomas Marion Blalock\nB.S. University of Georgia 1961.\nPatrick Herbert McCaslin\nB.S. University of Washington 1961.\nJeffery Burley\nB.A. University of Oxford 1961.\nJohn Alexander Martin\nB.S. New York State College of Forestry 1961.\nBrian Toby Callahan\nB.S. University of Washington 1960.\nGeza Andrew Matolcsy\nB.S. University of British Columbia 1959.\nJohn Franklin Cole\nB.S. Louisiana State University 1961.\nRobert James Miller, Jr.\nB.S. North Carolina State College 1956.\nLe viet Du\nNational College of Agriculture (South Viet Nam) 1958, B.S.\nDaniel Haynes Monahan\nUniversity of Georgia 1961.\nB.S. University of New Hampshire 1961.\nDavid Michael Dubrule\nNathaniel Franklin Naff\nB.Sc.F. University of New Brunswick 1961.\nB.S. Louisiana State University 1961.\nWarren Edward Frayer\nGyula Péch\nB.S. Pennsylvania State University 1961.\nB.S. University of British Columbia 1960.\nRobert Leo Garrepy\nGeorge Lucas Perry\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.S. University of Georgia 1961.\nRonald Wellyn Haigh\nLawrence Oliver Safford\nB.S. University of British Columbia 1961.\nB.S. University of Maine 1961.\nEdward Clarence Harris\nGeorge August Schier\nB.S. Washington State University 1961.\nB.S. University of New Hampshire 1958.\n23\nRobert Gordon Slade\nBrian John Turner\nB.S. University of Vermont 1956.\nB.Sc.F. University of Sydney 1956, Dip.For. Australian For-\nestry School 1958.\nDale Staples Solomon\nB.S. Pennsylvania State University 1961.\nRobert Claude Van Aken\nB.S. New York State College of Forestry 1956.\nGordon Balfour Squire\nB.S. University of British Columbia 1961.\nCarel Lodewyk van Vredenburch\nB.Sc.F. University of New Brunswick 1958.\nRobert Blair Stutzman\nHoward Lester Wright\nB.S. Pennsylvania State University 1958.\nB.A. University of Oxford 1961.\nRoland Klaus Tiedemann\nJohn Christian Zasada\nB.S. University of Idaho 1953.\nB.A. Macalester College 1960.\nDOCTORS OF FORESTRY\nWITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS\nRobert Bruce Hoadley\nRobert Fernald Keniston\nB.S. University of Connecticut 1955, M.F. Yale University\nB.A. University of Nebraska 1929, B.S. University of Cali-\n1957.\nfornia (Berkeley) 1939, M.S. 1941.\nLaboratory Investigation of Factors Affecting Veneer Cutting\nFactors Affecting Management Decisions of Small Forest\nBehavior.\nOwners in Western Oregon.\nWilber Wilson Ward\nB.S. Pennsylvania State University 1940, M.F. 1952.\nThe Natural Pruning of Red Oak in Relation to Crown Compe-\ntition.\nBACHELORS OF LAWS\nCharles Zachary Abuza\nHarry Richard Blaine\nB.A. Yale University 1957.\nB.A. Ohio State University 1958.\nBurton Joel Ahrens\nMarshall Stephen Blonsky\nB.A. Cornell University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nJoseph J. Amiel\nSeth Mordecai Bodner\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nB.A. Rutgers University 1959.\nDonald Roger Anderson\nPaul Hurley Bogardus, Jr.\nM.A. University of Chicago 1956.\nB.A. Lehigh University 1959.\nEugene Paul Angrist\nRichard Clarkson Bond, Jr.\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nCraig Richard Arndt\nRichard Melvin Borod\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Brown University 1954.\nHenry Morton Aronson\nJoseph Solomon Borus\nB.B.A. University of Wisconsin 1958, M.B.A. 1959.\nB.A. Williams College 1958.\nDouglas Richard Ayer\nJames Edward Brading\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Vanderbilt University 1955.\nCurtis Handley Barnette\nWilliam Joseph Brennan, III\nB.A. West Virginia University 1956, Diploma International\nLaw University of Manchester (England) 1957.\nB.A. Colgate University 1956.\nCharles Stanley Battles, Jr.\nRobert James Bromley\nB.A. Princeton University 1956.\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nJoseph Gorham Beckford\nRichard Oliver Brooks\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nB.A. University of Chicago 1956, M.A. 1958.\nDonald Berman\nStephen Allen Brown\nB.B.A. City College of New York 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nErnest Louis Bial\nBenjamin Latham Bryan, III\nB.A. Columbia University 1959.\nB.A. Florida State University 1959.\nHenry George Bisgaier\nWilliam Joseph Carney, Jr.\nB.S. Cornell University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\n24\nRichard Norris Carpenter\nJoel Cutter Estes\nB.A. Syracuse University 1958.\nB.A. Yale University 1955.\nEugene Felix Cayo, Jr.\nRichard James Fahy, Jr.\nB.A. Harvard University 1954.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nKenneth Dai Heih Chong\nPatrick Richard Faltico\nB.A. University of Hawaii 1956.\nB.A. University of Washington 1955.\nGeoffrey D. Commons\nJay Harris Feldstein\nB.A. Stanford University 1955.\nB.A. Pennsylvania State University 1959.\nJames Hugh Watson Conklin, Jr.\nJames Oliver Freedman, cum laude\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Harvard University 1957.\nRobert Alan Cook\nJane Gillespie\nB.A. Oberlin College 1957.\nB.A. Northwestern University 1958.\nElaine Smith Crehore\nAlbert Blau Glickman\nB.A. Wellesley College 1956.\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nJohn Thomas Cummiskey, Jr.\nWilliam Goldfarb\nB.A. The Citadel 1959.\nB.A. Colgate University 1959.\nEdmund Thomas Curran\nHarvey Morton Goldstein\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. St. John's College (Annapolis) 1959.\nWilliam Athern Daggett, II\nRichard Maxwell Goodman\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1959.\nB.A. Bowdoin College 1956.\nDavid Turner Dana, III\nJoseph Tolle Gorman\nB.A. Princeton University 1959.\nB.A. Kent State University 1959.\nJ. Michael Dardis\nMichael Harvey Goshko\nB.S. Northwestern University 1959.\nB.A. Harvard University 1958.\nJonathan David (1961)\nAnthony Naghten Graham\nB.A. University of Maryland 1958.\nB.A. University of Notre Dame 1959.\nDonald Jay Dawidoff\nStephen Henry Greenleigh\nB.A. Harvard University 1957.\nB.A. Colgate University 1957.\nDarvin DeMarchi, Jr.\nDavid Carr Greer, cum laude\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nRobert Wilbur Denious\nLeonard Grey\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nB.A. Williams College 1959.\nAnthony Joseph DePaul\nLawrence James Gross\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Princeton University 1959.\nAlan Morton Dershowitz, magna cum laude\nDavid LaVan Grove\nB.A. Brooklyn College 1959.\nB.A. Dickinson College 1959.\nJan Ginter Deutsch, summa cum laude\nMarvin Israel Gruss\nB.A. Yale University 1955, B.A. University of Cambridge\nB.A. Clark University 1944.\n1957.\nDale Wayne Hagen\nWilliam Barnet Dockser\nB.A. Northwestern University 1959.\nB.A. Harvard University 1959.\nDavid Louis Hanson\nJohn Hull Dorsey\nB.A. Harvard University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nDaniel Emanuel Harris\nMichael Anthony Doyle\nB.E. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nBruce Hart\nDavid Henry Dugan, III\nB.A. Syracuse University 1959.\nB.A. Wheaton College (Illinois) 1959.\nJames Trester Dyke\nJohn Peter Heinz\nB.A. University of Arkansas 1959.\nB.A. Washington University 1958.\nJoel M. Ellis\nJohn Hampton Hickman, III\nB.A. University of Connecticut 1959.\nB.A. Brown University 1959.\nLee Serge M. Elman\nAustin Leo Hogan\nB.A. Princeton University 1958.\nB.A. St. Joseph's College (Pennsylvania) 1959.\nDaniel N. Epstein\nAlgernon Sidney Holderness, Jr.\nB.A. Cornell University 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nStuart Arthur Epstein\nEdward Marshall Holtzmann\nB.A. College of William and Mary 1959.\nB.A. Brown University 1958.\n25\nJohn Rogers Horan\nJames Lowry Mitchell\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1959.\nB.A. Cornell University 1959.\nHarley Thomas Howell\nAlan Henry Molod\nB.A. Princeton University 1959.\nB.S. University of Pennsylvania 1958.\nWilliam Kitchell Ince\nFranklin Hall Moore, Jr.\nB.A. Princeton University 1959.\nB.A. Bucknell University 1959.\nJames Emanuel Joanos\nPaul Arthur Nejelski\nB.S. Florida State University 1956.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nPhilip Frederick Johnson\nThomas Smith Nichols\nB.A. Indiana University 1959.\nB.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1955, M.S. University of\nFrancis Raymond Jones\nWisconsin 1959.\nB.A. St. John's University (New York) 1959.\nFranklin Jay Okin, cum laude\nRobert Charles Josefsberg\nB.A. Princeton University 1957.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1959.\nStuart Michael Pearis\nClifford Richard Kaeser\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. University of Idaho 1959.\nNeil Peck\nJohn Jacob Karol, Jr.\nB.A. Tufts University 1959.\nB.A. Williams College 1958.\nRussell Alexander Phillips, Jr.\nGeorge William Kaufman\nB.A. Duke University 1959.\nB.A. Columbia University 1959.\nPeter Godfrey Platt\nPeter Galbraith Kelly\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.S. Georgetown University 1959.\nPeter John Preisner\nBorell Kirschen\nB.A. Cornell University 1959.\nB.A. Williams College 1959.\nBrian Neil Quickstad\nJoseph Q. Koletsky\nB.A. University of Washington 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nCarolyn Dineen Randall\nDonald Martin Kresge (1961)\nB.A. Smith College 1959.\nB.A. Columbia University 1955.\nJames Donald Randall\nGeorge Lefcoe\nB.S. Georgetown University 1958.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1959.\nStephen Rauch\nAlan Frederick Leibowitz\nB.A. Syracuse University 1959.\nB.A. University of Pennsylvania 1958.\nJames Warwick Rayhill\nDavid Ronald Levett\nB.A. Williams College 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nLloyd Henry Relin\nAlan Hillel Levine\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1959.\nB.A. Colgate University 1959.\nRichard Morgan Reynolds\nDavid Kelso McConnell\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.C.E. City College of New York 1954.\nCharles Fleming Richards, Jr.\nThomas Irving McElvein\nB.A. Princeton University 1959.\nB.A. Antioch College 1959.\nRichard Cornelius Roberts\nEdward Daniel McKirdy\nB.A. University of Kentucky 1959.\nB.A. Harvard University 1958.\nSanford Jay Rosen\nB.A. Cornell University 1959.\nDonald McPartland\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nLinda Sue Rosenberg\nB.A. University of Chicago 1959.\nMichael Henry Male\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nJack James Rosenblum\nB.A. Brown University 1959.\nRolf Carl Margenau\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nWilliam George Ruddy\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nJohn Treutlen Marshall\nRobert Cord Rugen\nB.A. Vanderbilt University 1956.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1951\nEdwin Spencer Matthews, Jr.\nSidney Gordon Saltz\nB.A. Harvard University 1956.\nB.A. Northwestern University 1959\nWalter Howard Mayo, III\nRobert Martin Schuchman\nB.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1959.\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1958.\nJames Carl Miller\nPhilip Alcott Shaver\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nB.A. Oberlin College 1959.\n26\nArden Earl Shenker\nCarol Wolf Trencher\nB.A. Stanford University 1959.\nB.A. Wellesley College 1959.\nTheodore Donald Small\nPeter Francis Tufo\nB.A. Columbia University 1959.\nB.A. Beloit College 1959.\nElsie Inez Virginia Smith\nJames Reginald Turner\nB.A. Tufts College 1959.\nB.A. University of North Carolina 1956.\nGeorge Bundy Smith\nGaylord Alfred Virden\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. University of California 1955, M.A. Claremont College\nBourke Gill Spellacy (1961)\n1958.\nB.A. Princeton University 1958.\nLee R. Voorhees, Jr.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nRaymond Frederick Steckel\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nBruce Samuel Warshal\nB.A. Wilkes College 1958.\nAndrew Stewart\nB.A. University of Virginia 1959.\nRoderick Truman Webb\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nChristopher David Stone\nB.A. Harvard University 1959.\nStephen Samuel Wender (1961)\nB.A. Yale University 1954, M.A. Harvard University 1955.\nGordon Richard Sugarman\nB.A. Harvard University 1958.\nHarry Jay Wexler\nB.A. Harvard University 1957, M.A. Yale University 1961.\nJoseph Leo Taetle\nHarvey John Wilcox\nB.A. Cornell University 1959.\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nRobert Wilson Taft\nThomas Allison Williams\nB.A. Amherst College 1959.\nB.A. Yale University 1959.\nStanley Martin Teich\nWilliam Matthew Zinn\nB.S. University of Pennsylvania 1959.\nB.A. Denison University 1959.\nStephen Joel Trachtenberg\nLynne Kaplan Zusman\nB.A. Columbia University 1959.\nB.A. Bryn Mawr College 1959.\nMASTERS OF LAWS\nRam Parkash Anand\nHiroshi Fukuda\nB.A. University of Delhi 1954, LL.B. 1957.\nLL.B. Tokyo University 1960.\nVirakiart Angkatavanich\nAndres Gatmaitan\nB.S. Thammasat University (Thailand) 1958, LL.B. 1960.\nA.A. University of the Philippines 1957, B.S.J. 1961, LL.B.\nIvo Sefton de Azevedo\n1961.\nLL.B. University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) 1956.\nHubert Clement Hauseux\nGerhard Rainer Richard Casper\nDocteur en Droit University of Liège 1951, J.D. 1954.\nAbitur, Albert Schweitzer Schule (Hamburg) 1957, LL.B.\nKen-ichi Hokao\nUniversity of Hamburg 1961.\nB.A. Nihon University (Tokyo) 1948, LL.B. Tokyo Univer-\nShaw-Shan Chai\nsity 1951, Dr. Juris. Tohoku University (Sendai) 1960.\nLL.B. National Northeastern University (Mukden) 1948.\nJohn Byron Hotis\nLung-chu Chen\nB.A. New York University 1954, LL.B. Duke University\nLL.B. National Taiwan University 1958, LL.M. North-\n1961.\nwestern University 1961.\nElmer LeRoy Hunt\nFrancis James Conklin, S.J.\nB.A. Vanderbilt University 1955, LL.B. University of Mis-\nB.A. Gonzaga University 1948, M.A. 1950, LL.B. George-\nsissippi 1960.\ntown University 1961.\nMichael Keenan Crawford\nAlice Jacob\nLL.B. University of Poona 1954, B.A. 1955, LL.M. Univer-\nB.S. University of Houston 1954, LL.B. Southern Methodist\nsity of Delhi 1958.\nUniversity 1959.\nMagdangal Borja Elma\nWalter Sidney Marcus Jones\nB.A. University of the Philippines 1957, B.S. 1961, LL.B.\nLL.B. University of London 1959, LL.B. University of Bir-\n1961.\nmingham 1960.\nAnthony Ofor Nnaemeka Ezeani\nKwang Seuk Kang\nLL.B. University of Wales 1960.\nLL.B. Kansei Gakuin University (Japan) 1954, LL.M. Kansai\nUniversity (Japan) 1956, M.C.L. Tulane University 1958.\nJorge Alberto de Sousa Freitas\nLL.B. Universidade do Distrito Federal (Rio de Janeiro)\nFritz Carl Kind\n1959, LL.M. McGill University 1962.\nDr. in Law University of Berne 1958.\n27\nRichard Hyatt Lansdale\nLuis F. Negrón-García\nB.A. University of Maryland 1942, LL.B. Georgetown Uni-\nB.A. University of Puerto Rico 1958, LL.B. 1961.\nversity 1945.\nKenneth Lawing Penegar\nJoseph Albert LaPlante\nB.A. University of North Carolina 1954, LL.B. 1961.\nB.A. Harvard University 1953, LL.B. Boston University\n1956.\nSamuel Ephraim Polanco-Bosch\nB.A. University of Puerto Rico 1948, M.S. Columbia Uni-\nPing-cheung Loh\nversity 1951, LL.B. University of Puerto Rico 1961.\nLL.B. National Taiwan University 1959, M.C.L. Columbia\nUniversity 1961.\nHumberto Villarruz Quisumbing\nB.A. University of the Philippines 1956, LL.B. 1960.\nRanald Norman Munro MacLean\nB.A. University of Cambridge 1960, LL.B. University of\nGerald William Rock\nEdinburgh 1961.\nB.A. University of Florida 1953, LL.B. 1959.\nThomas Aboagye Mensah\nJohn William Stoepler\nB.A. University of Ghana 1956, LL.B. University of London\nB.A. University of Notre Dame 1953, LL.B. University of\n1959, M.A. 1961.\nToledo 1961.\nJohn Mixon\nHenry Ragin Thomas, Jr.\nB.B.A. Stephen F. Austin State College 1952, LL.B. Univer-\nB.S.L. University of Southern California 1957, LL.B. 1961.\nsity of Houston 1955.\nRobert Cecil Travis\nNoor Mohammad\nB.A. University of Mississippi 1957, LL.B. 1961.\nLL.B. Banaras Hindu University 1951, LL.M. University\nof Minnesota 1961.\nZabihollah Changiz Vafai\nLL.B. University of Teheran 1957.\nArthur Gage Murphey, Jr.\nB.A. University of North Carolina 1951, LL.B. University\nGien Foon Yeh\nof Mississippi 1953.\nLL.B. National Cheng-chi University 1947.\nDOCTORS OF THE SCIENCE OF LAW\nWITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS\nSatish Chandra\nDouglas Millar Johnston\nB.A. University of Delhi 1951, M.A. 1953, LL.B. Lucknow\nM.A. University of St. Andrews 1952, LL.B. 1955, M.C.L.\nUniversity 1956, LL.M. Yale University 1960.\nMcGill University 1958.\nComparative Analysis of Social Security Legislation in the U.S.\nThe International Law of Fisheries.\nand India.\nMaung Maung\nDon Maliwat Ferry\nB.A. University of Rangoon 1946, B.L. 1949, Dr.Jur. Uni-\nA.A. University of the Philippines 1953, LL.B. 1957, LL.M.\nversity of Utrecht 1956.\nYale University 1959.\nLaw and Custom in Burma and the Burmese Family.\nLand Tax Reform and Philippine Agricultural Development.\nRomulo Montevirgen Villa\nRonald Lawrence Goldfarb\nA.A. University of the Philippines 1955, B.S.J. 1958, LL.B.\nB.A. Syracuse University 1954, LL.B. 1956, LL.M. Yale Uni-\n1959, LL.M. Yale University 1960.\nTaxation of Non-Liquidating Corporate Distributions.\nversity 1960.\nThe Contempt Power.\nHenning Wegener\nReferendar University of Bonn Law School 1958, M.C.L.\nGeorge Dow Haimbaugh, Jr.\nGeorge Washington University 1959, LL.M. Yale University\nB.A. DePauw University 1938, J.D. Northwestern University\n1960.\n1952.\nThe Role of the Legal Adviser to Newly Independent African\nMotion Pictures and Diversity of Expression: The United\nStates.\nStates and the European Economic Community.\nWalter Otto Weyranch\nRosalyn Higgins\nDr.Jur. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität (Frankfurt)\nB.A. University of Cambridge 1958, LL.B. 1959.\n1951, LL.B. Georgetown University 1955.\nThe Development of International Law by the Political Organs\nThe Legal Mind: A Comparative Study of Professional Per-\nof the United Nations.\nspectives.\nCERTIFICATE IN TRANSPORTATION\nGordon Hollis Fay\nB.A. Brown University 1961. Economics.\nMASTERS OF ARTS IN TEACHING\nSusan Angell Andrews\nAnna Key Baker\nB.A. Middlebury College 1961.\nB.A. Bennington College 1961.\nCharles David Badain\nMeryl Jane Blau\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nB.A. Brandeis University 1960.\n28\nVida Jane Bull\nCharles Edward McCarthy, Jr.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nB.A. Yale University 1960.\nJoan Callaway\nLawrence Wayne McCombs\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nB.S. California Institute of Technology 1961.\nLeon Eli Clark, Jr.\nDiana Genevieve Merewether\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nB.A. Wellesley College 1960.\nElizabeth Southworth Corning\nMartha Michener\nB.A. Smith College 1960.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nEleanor Marie Cunliffe\nFranklin Beardsley Miles, Jr.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nJoseph Charles Deahl\nRaymond Allen Mohl, Jr.\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nB.A. Hamilton College 1961.\nGerard Francis Dorion\nBrenda Jean Mols\nB.A. University of Maine 1958.\nB.A. Elmira College 1961.\nGail Margolis Epstein\nJoyce Judith Moore\nB.A. Cornell University 1961.\nB.A. Pembroke College 1961.\nMargery Valentine Fischer\nBlanche Simpson Murdock\nB.A. Vassar College 1960.\nB.A. Bucknell University 1961.\nElizabeth Carey Foltz\nAdrienne Michele Piserchia\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nMarcia Ruth Fram\nGudrun Gerda Quenzler\nB.A. Bryn Mawr College 1960.\nB.S. University of Washington 1961.\nEdna Garte\nNancy Ann Reuscher\nB.A. City College of New York 1961.\nB.A. University of Michigan 1961.\nAlice Jean Gerlach\nMary Louise Ryan\nB.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1954.\nB.A. Trinity College (Washington, D.C.) 1961.\nSherry Michaele Glass\nIlene Schulaner\nB.A. University of Michigan 1961.\nB.A. Rutgers University 1961.\nStephen Nathan Goldstein\nCarol Dinnes Silver\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nNancy Gage Greenwood\nStuart Seely Sprague\nB.A. Wellesley College 1961.\nB.A. Yale University 1960.\nAnne Raymond Haskell\nVictoria Thayer Starr\nB.A. Mount Holyoke College 1959.\nB.A. Bryn Mawr College 1961.\nDorothy Elizabeth Hearn\nEric Robert Stietzel\nB.A. Connecticut College 1961.\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nPeter Hugh Hufstader\nVirginia Marie Tansey\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nB.A. Wellesley College 1961.\nAdele Patricia Jones\nGary Kent Taylor\nB.A. Trinity College (Washington, D.C.) 1960.\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nAlison Jane Kenney\nBryant Franklin Tolles, Jr.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nMargaret Templeton Kent\nGail Felice Tucker\nB.A. Franklin College 1940.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nGale Sanofsky Kosto\nDeborah Kurmes van Dam\nB.A. Smith College 1962.\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1960.\nAlexandra Bushnell Kubler\nFrederick Wright Wakefield, Jr.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nRichard Alexander Lacey\nJoan Wallace\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nB.A. Oberlin College 1960.\nJanet Ann Lafrentz\nVictor Blaine Weber, II\nB.A. Pembroke College 1961.\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\nMary Ann Ornato McAvoy\nMyra Judith Wiesenfeld\nB.A. Vassar College 1960.\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nBetsy McCarthy\nDavid Richie Woods\nB.A. Smith College 1961.\nB.A. Yale University 1961.\n29\nMASTERS OF SCIENCE\nCandidates for degrees in science are enrolled in the Sheffield Scientific School.\nPeter Lesley Ames\nCarl John Hansen\nB.A. Harvard University 1958. Zoology.\nB.S. Queens College (New York) 1956. Physics.\nNicolas Antonoff, Jr.\nBarbara Jo Hibbs\nB.S. Catholic University of America 1955. Chemistry.\nB.A. Portland State College 1959. Zoology.\nArthur Bass\nJane Bieberman Hilberg\nB.A. Columbia University 1961. Physics.\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1960. Physics.\nBarbara Gould Beddall\nJames Grenville Holland\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1941, B.S. Columbia University\nB.A. University of Oxford 1960. Geology.\n1942. Zoology.\nEsther Arvilla Harrison Hopkins\nGail Chester Belden, Jr.\nB.A. Boston University 1947, M.S. Howard University 1948.\nB.E.E. Cornell University 1961. Electrical Engineering.\nChemistry.\nClinton Childs Brooks\nRobert James Hurd\nB.S. Yale University 1960. Astronomy.\nB.S. University of Notre Dame 1956, M.S. University of\nMargaret Sue Burns\nKentucky 1961. Geology.\nB.S. Allegheny College 1961. Biochemistry.\nRonald Ralph Hutchinson\nElisaldo Luiz de Araujo Carlini\nM.A. Southern Illinois University 1960. Psychology.\nM.D. Escola Paulista de Medicina (Brazil) 1957. Pharma-\nMichael Arnold Kamrin\ncology.\nB.A. Cornell University 1960. Chemistry.\nFei-Shian Chen\nMarianna Veronika Katona\nB.S. National Taiwan University 1960. Physics.\nB.S. University of Michigan 1961. Chemistry.\nRosalind Coogan\nNeil Richard Kestner\nB.A. Mount Holyoke College 1959. Physiology.\nB.S. University of Wisconsin (Milwaukee) 1960. Chemistry.\nMary Elizabeth Craig\nPeter Kitching\nB.S. University of Michigan 1961. Chemistry.\nB.A. University of Oxford 1960. Physics.\nJohn Michael D'Auria\nDonald Albert Koss\nB.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1961. Chemistry.\nB.S. University of Minnesota 1960. Metallurgy.\nTamunoemi Sokari David-West\nAllen Krantz\nB.S. Michigan State University 1961. Microbiology.\nB.S. City College of New York 1961. Chemistry.\nMichel Albert Duguay\nChin-Sook Lee\nB.S. Université de Montréal 1961. Physics.\nB.A. Wellesley College 1960. Chemistry.\nMargaret Felice Emery\nB.A. Bryn Mawr College 1961. Chemistry.\nShiu Lee\nB.S. University of California (Berkeley) 1950, M.S. 1952.\nMelvin Herbert Fine\nChemistry.\nB.A. University of Delaware 1960. Botany.\nLawrence Alan Levin\nWilliam David Fordham\nB.A. Columbia University 1961, B.H.L. The Jewish Theo-\nB.S. Marietta College 1961. Chemistry.\nlogical Seminary of America 1961. Physics.\nAllan Harvey Fried\nMonte Joel Levitt\nB.S. McGill University 1960. Biophysics.\nB.S. Allegheny College 1958, M.S. 1959. Biochemistry.\nKosei Furukawa\nRuth Roberts Levitt\nB.S. Northeastern University 1959. Chemistry.\nB.S. Allegheny College 1959. Chemistry.\nJohn Carl Gilbert\nToni Lincks\nB.S. University of Wyoming 1961. Chemistry.\nB.A. Mount Holyoke College 1960. Zoology.\nSusan Goldhor\nGary Leroy Lucas\nB.A. Barnard College 1960. Zoology.\nB.S. Washington State University 1961. Physics.\nHarry Frank Gollob\nDolly Cannamela McCall\nB.A. University of Denver 1960. Psychology.\nB.A. Marietta College 1941. Physiology.\nStephen Paul Gross\nJames Angell MacLachlan, Jr.\nB.S. Union College (Schenectady) 1959. Astronomy.\nB.A. University of Michigan 1959. Physics.\nJohn Herbert Hageman\nPhilip James Mallozzi\nB.A. University of Rochester 1957. Chemistry.\nB.A. Harvard University 1960. Physics.\nRobert Hazel Hall\nHenry Maltz\nB.S. Mississippi State University 1958. Astronomy.\nB.S. Brooklyn College 1961. Chemistry.\n30\nCharles Franklin Martin\nJames Ferguson Skinner\nB.S. Lincoln University 1949. Astronomy.\nB.A. Williams College 1961. Chemistry.\nJohn Charles Miklosz, Jr.\nGeorge Joseph Sorger\nB.S. City College of New York 1960. Physics.\nB.Sc. McGill University 1959. Microbiology.\nEric Leonard Mills\nJames Harris Stamper\nB.Sc. Carleton University (Canada) 1959. Zoology.\nB.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1960. Physics.\nMichael Stuart Morris\nMargaret Carolyn Steward\nB.A. University of Virginia 1960. Physics.\nB.A. Willamette University 1959. Psychology.\nThomas Allen Murphy\nEdward Michael Stricker\nB.A. Knox College 1959. Zoology.\nB.S. University of Chicago 1960, M.S. 1961. Psychology.\nJohn Frederick Nagle\nPaul Michael Strudler\nB.A. Yale University 1960. Physics.\nB.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1961. Chemistry.\nCellissa Norcross\nJames Edward Turnure\nB.A. Smith College 1959. Biophysics.\nB.A. University of Missouri 1960. Psychology.\nArthur Jack Nozik\nJames David Tyson\nB.Ch.E. Cornell University 1959. Chemistry.\nB.S. Michigan State University 1961. Physics.\nErvin George Otvos\nJames Leland Vaughan\nB.Sc. University of Budapest 1958. Geology.\nB.A. Earlham College 1959. Psychology.\nJames Edward Poth\nDaniel Frank Veber\nB.S. Miami University (Ohio) 1955, M.A. 1960. Physics.\nB.A. Yale University 1961. Chemistry.\nMichael Gerard Richardson\nMarie Carmella Vecchione\nB.Sc. Manchester University (England) 1960. Biophysics.\nB.A. Albertus Magnus College 1961. Chemistry.\nGeorge Christman Rodgers, Jr.\nSara Platzman Wan\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1960. Chemistry.\nB.A. Vassar College 1959. Zoology.\nAlan Asher Schwartz\nJudith Florence Witkin\nB.A. New York University 1958. Biophysics.\nB.A. Barnard College 1960. Chemistry.\nRonald Shepps\nPei-ching Wu\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1960. Psychology.\nB.S. National Taiwan University 1960. Chemistry.\nRuth Shoer\nNoel Kuei-Eng Yeh\nB.A. Vassar College 1959. Biophysics.\nB.A. Williams College 1961. Physics.\nMASTERS OF ARTS\nDuane LeRoy Addison\nMurl Gordon Barker\nB.A. University of Minnesota 1953, B.D. Luther Theological\nB.A. University of Washington 1959. Slavic Languages and\nSeminary 1960. Religion.\nLiteratures.\nAnnie Laurer Alexander\nRobert Lincoln Barr, III\nB.A. Oberlin College 1959. Mathematics.\nB.A. University of Oklahoma 1961. History.\nHerbert Lloyd Alexander, Jr.\nJeffrey Dlugasch Bauman\nB.A. University of Texas 1954. Anthropology.\nB.A. Yale University 1959. History.\nMichael O'Donel Bjarne Alexander\nRichard William Beals\nB.A. University of Cambridge 1960. International Relations.\nB.A. Yale University 1960. Mathematics.\nJudith Morse Alldritt\nValerie June Becker\nB.A. University of Illinois 1959. Political Science.\nB.A. Missouri Valley College 1957. Linguistics.\nDiogenes Allen\nSarah Winslow Benson\nB.A. University of Kentucky 1954, B.A. University of Ox-\nB.A. Scripps College 1961. History.\nford 1957, B.D. Yale University 1959, M.A. University of\nRobert Herman Berls\nOxford 1961. Religion.\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1959. History.\nHarry Prince Allen\nCharles Beecher Berryman\nB.S. Brooklyn College 1960. Mathematics.\nB.A. Amherst College 1961. English Language and Literature.\nLaurence Richards Alvarez\nAvinash Pandurang Bhagwat\nB.S. University of the South 1959. Mathematics.\nB.A. University of Bombay 1957, M.A. 1960. Economics.\nJudith Helena Anderson\nDeborah Susan Bochner\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1961. English Language and Litera-\nB.A. Smith College 1961. History.\nture.\nWando Pereira Borges\nDouglas Bleakly Ball\nDiploma de Bacharel em Ciencias Economicas, Universidade\nB.A. College of Wooster 1961. History.\nde Minas Gerais (Brazil) 1959. Economics.\n31\nJohn Dixon Iklé Boyd\nSarah Kemper Durand\nB.A. University of Cambridge 1960. Foreign Area Studies\nB.A. Stanford University 1961. Foreign Area Studies (South-\n(Southeast Asia).\neast Asia).\nEugene Joseph Boyer\nGeorge Sturtevant Durgan\nB.A. Johns Hopkins University 1960. Mathematics.\nB.A. Cornell University 1960. Economics.\nBernard Michael Boyle\nStephen Lee Dyson\nB.Arch. University of Sydney 1958, M.Arch. Yale University\nB.A. Brown University 1959. Classical Languages and Litera-\n1959. History of Art.\ntures.\nNorman Bruce Brooks\nHester Ann Eisenstein\nB.A. University of Tennessee 1959. Political Science.\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1961. History.\nGretchen Buckelmueller\nChristian Howard Eismann\nB.A. Vassar College 1960. English Language and Literature.\nB.A. College of Idaho 1961. History.\nMilton Lawrence Bullock\nGeraint Nantglyn Davies Evans\nB.A. Oberlin College 1957. Political Science.\nB.A. University of Cambridge 1957, M.A. 1961, M.A. Lehigh\nJohn Browning Cameron\nUniversity 1961. History.\nB.A. Princeton University 1953. History of Art.\nArthur Eugene Falk, Jr.\nHerbert Latimer Camp\nB.A. Fordham University 1960. Philosophy.\nB.A. Williams College 1961. International Relations.\nLinda Carol Fay\nBasil Terence Carmody\nB.A. Wellesley College 1961. Classical Languages and Litera-\ntures.\nB.A. Yale University 1958. Romance Languages and Litera-\ntures (French).\nStephen Michael Feldman\nAnn Maynard Chalmers\nB.A. Yale University 1960. English Language and Literature.\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1959. English Language and Litera-\nVictor Allen Fingerhut\nture.\nB.A. Yale University 1960. Political Science.\nJosé Sergio Chao Siero\nWilton Bonham Fowler\nContador Público, Universidad de la Habana 1957. Eco-\nB.A. University of South Carolina 1960. History.\nnomics.\nFateh Mohammad Chaudhri\nFred Owens Francis\nB.A. University of the Panjab (Pakistan) 1955, M.A. 1958,\nB.A. University of Redlands 1956, B.D. The College of the\nM.A. Williams College 1961. Economics.\nBible 1960. Religion.\nGerald Guy Clements\nKenneth Paul Freeman\nB.A. The American University 1958. Philosophy.\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1960. Philosophy.\nJames Washington Leverett Cole\nKuhachiro Furuya\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1960. General Studies.\nB.A. Hitotsubashi University (Japan) 1958. Economics.\nJames John Conklin\nJohn Andrew Gardiner\nB.A. Catholic University of America 1959. English Language\nB.A. Princeton University 1959. Political Science.\nand Literature.\nMary Mason Gardiner\nCarlos Mario Cortés Mundaca\nB.A. Wellesley College 1961. Classical Languages and Litera-\nBachiller, Universidad de Chile 1949. Economics.\ntures.\nMyron Curzan\nDonald Watt Gardner, Jr.\nB.A. Columbia University 1961. International Relations.\nB.A. Williams College 1957. American Studies.\nRobert Fenton Dalzell, Jr.\nArnold Herbert Garfinkel\nB.A. Amherst College 1959. American Studies.\nB.A. University of Pennsylvania 1959. Foreign Area Studies\nTeresita de Guzman\n(Eastern Asia).\nB.S. University of the Philippines 1959. Economics.\nJohn William Craver Garrett\nVincent Arthur De Luca\nB.A. Tulane University 1953. Anthropology.\nB.A. Hamilton College 1961. English Language and Litera-\nSheila Ann Garvan\nture.\nB.A. Trinity College (Washington, D.C.) 1961. American\nNadia Derkach\nStudies.\nB.S. University of Pittsburgh 1960. Foreign Area Studies\nRobert Emmet Geoghan\n(Russian).\nB.A. Fordham University 1960. Mathematics.\nChristina Page Diebold\nB.A. Wellesley College 1960. English Language and Litera-\nGerald William George\nB.A. University of Wichita 1960. History.\nture.\nReinhard Dörries\nBengt Göran Giertz\nB.A. Concordia College (Minnesota) 1958, M.F.A. Ohio Uni-\nCivilekonomexamen, Stockholm School of Economics 1960.\nversity 1960. History.\nEconomics.\nSonya June Dowrey\nEverett Arthur Gilcreast\nB.A. Marietta College 1961. History.\nB.A. Yale University 1953. History.\n32\nRobert Raymond Gilsdorf\nKurt William Johnson\nB.I.E. Ohio State University 1954. Political Science.\nB.A. Brown University 1956. Anthropology.\nRobert Benjamin Goheen\nKenneth Richard Johnston\nB.A. University of Toronto 1961. History.\nB.A. Augustana College (Illinois) 1959, M.A. University of\nIrene Linda Gordon\nChicago 1961. English Language and Literature.\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1961. Foreign Area Studies (Rus-\nRobert Harold Johnston\nsian).\nB.A. University of Toronto 1959. History.\nJohn Wells Gould\nDavid Paul Jordan\nB.A. Haverford College 1961. History.\nB.A. University of Michigan 1961. History.\nLewis Ludlow Gould\nTadashi Kano\nB.A. Brown University 1961. History.\nKeizai-gakushi, Hitotsubashi University (Japan) 1957. Eco-\nnomics.\nEdward Martin Gramlich\nB.A. Williams College 1961. Economics.\nBetty Maureen Kantor\nRobert Greenblatt\nB.A. Stanford University 1960. English Language and Litera-\nture.\nB.S. Brooklyn College 1959. Mathematics.\nPeter Charles Greiner\nAnthony David Kaufman\nB.A. Carleton College 1960. English Language and Litera-\nB.Sc. University of British Columbia 1960. Mathematics.\nture.\nWilliam Byron Griffith\nRichard Bruce Kenney\nB.A. University of Notre Dame 1958. Philosophy.\nB.A. Washington University 1956, B.D. Yale University\nAntony Nicolas Grobovsky\n1959. Religion.\nB.A. University of California (Santa Barbara) 1959. Foreign\nWalter Francis Keville, II\nArea Studies (Russian).\nB.S. Georgetown University 1950. Economics.\nJohn Noel Gunning\nJohn Wesley Lango\nB.A. Antioch College 1960. Political Science.\nB.A. Carleton College 1960. Philosophy.\nWilliam Barry Hauser\nStandish Dyer Lawder\nB.S. University of Chicago 1960. Foreign Area Studies\nB.A. Williams College 1958. History of Art.\n(Eastern Asia).\nDavid McKechnie Hay\nSheila Joy Lerner\nB.A. Hunter College 1961. Economics.\nB.A. Duke University 1957, B.D. Yale University 1960.\nReligion.\nHiram Jefferson Lester\nRobert Wesley Hearn\nB.A. Johnson Bible College 1955, B.D. Phillips University\n1959, B.A. 1960. Religion.\nB.A. Virginia State College 1957, B.D. Yale University 1961.\nGeneral Studies.\nSusan Randi Liff\nDonald Furse Herr\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1961. English Language and Litera-\nture.\nB.A. Harvard University 1961. International Relations.\nEllen Susan Light\nGerald Hahn Hinkle\nB.A. Douglass College 1960. Romance Languages and Litera-\nB.A. Franklin and Marshall College 1953, B.D. Lancaster\ntures (Spanish).\nTheological Seminary 1956. Religion.\nWilliam Lilley\nRichard Frederick Hinman\nB.A. University of Pennsylvania 1959. American Studies.\nB.A. Hamilton College 1959. English Language and Litera-\nture.\nKathleen Ann Livezey\nB.A. Bryn Mawr College 1961. English Language and Litera-\nDeborah Whitney Hobson\nture.\nB.A. Barnard College 1960. Classical Languages and Litera-\ntures.\nPaul Gordon Lo\nB.A. Seattle Pacific College 1956. Foreign Area Studies\nBengt Runo Hoffman\n(Southeast Asia).\nTeologisk-filosofiskexamen, Universitet Göteborgs (Sweden)\n1934, Teologie kandidatexamen, Universitet Uppsala (Swe-\nErnest Benson Lowrie\nden) 1938. Religion.\nB.A. Baylor University 1954, B.D. Yale University 1960.\nReligion.\nMegumu Honda\nBungakushi, University of Tokyo 1952. Indic and Far Eastern\nAllan Ludwig\nLanguages and Literatures.\nB.A. Yale University 1956. History of Art.\nWilliam Leon McBride\nMarjorie Lawson Hoover\nB.A. Smith College 1930, Dr.Phil. Universität Bonn (Ger-\nB.A. Georgetown University 1959. Philosophy.\nmany) 1934. Slavic Languages and Literatures.\nWilliam Shield McFeely\nPhillip Drummond Jacklin\nB.A. Amherst College 1952. General Studies.\nB.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1959. Philosophy.\nAbdelrahman Ahmed Mahdi\nB.A. University of Khartoum (Sudan) 1955. Economics.\nDonald Eugene Jarvis\nB.A. Southern Methodist University 1958, B.D. Drew Uni-\nAdam Makkai\nversity 1961. Religion.\nB.A. Harvard University 1959. Linguistics.\n33\nRonald A Malkin\nCharles Theodore Price\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1957. Romance Languages\nB.S. Tufts University 1954. History of Art.\nand Literatures (French).\nDonald James Puchala\nNathan Kwok-kuen Mao\nB.A. Yale University 1961. International Relations.\nB.A. New Asia College (Hong Kong) 1960. General Studies.\nJohn Elliott Quam\nGeorge Richard Martens\nB.A. Saint Olaf College 1953, B.Th. Luther Theological Semi-\nB.S. LeMoyne College 1960. International Relations.\nnary 1957. Religion.\nSharon Bittenson Meltzer\nFrederick Vincent Randel\nB.A. Barnard College 1961. English Language and Litera-\nB.A. St. John's University (New York) 1961. English Lan-\nture.\nguage and Literature.\nJohn Leonard Miller\nWilliam Venable Rapp\nB.S. Columbia University 1951, S.T.B. Harvard University\nB.A. Amherst College 1961. Economics.\n1954, S.T.M. 1955, Th.D. 1958. Classical Languages and\nLiteratures.\nElizabeth Katherine Reedy\nB.A. Lake Forest College 1961. English Language and Litera-\nWilliam Ker Muir, Jr.\nture.\nB.A. Yale University 1954, J.D. University of Michigan\n1958. Political Science.\nAnne Renouf\nB.A. Barnard College 1959. Anthropology.\nTaketo Murata\nB.Sc. McGill University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.\nRobert Allan Richardson\nSociology.\nB.A. Park College 1960. Philosophy.\nDuane Paul Myers\nThomas Russell Robinson\nB.A. Johns Hopkins University 1960. History.\nB.Comm. University of British Columbia 1961. Economics.\nJoel Nelson\nThomas Franklyn Rogers\nB.A. Columbia University 1959. Sociology.\nB.A. University of Utah 1955. Slavic Languages and Litera-\ntures.\nThomas Werner Neumann\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1961. History.\nAbdul Kohar Rony\nB.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1959. Foreign Area\nRobert Cummings Neville\nStudies (Southeast Asia).\nB.A. Yale University 1960. Philosophy.\nArthur Lewis Rosenbaum\nKathryn Marie Norstrom\nB.A. University of Michigan 1960. Foreign Area Studies\nB.A. University of Southern California 1955. Economics.\n(Southeast Asia).\nJames Allen Nuechterlein\nJames Leo Rovnyak\nB.A. Valparaiso University 1960. American Studies.\nB.A. Lafayette College 1960. Mathematics.\nWilliam Adrian Oates\nGail Joyce Saliterman\nB.A. Yale University 1958. Foreign Area Studies (Southeast\nB.A. University of Michigan 1961. International Relations.\nAsia).\nJack Dean Salmon\nAmos Oyetunji Odelola\nB.A. University of Kansas 1961. Foreign Area Studies (South-\nB.Sc. University of Hull (England) 1957. Economics.\neast Asia).\nRichard Alan Orb\nJohn Paul Sampley\nB.A. Occidental College 1956. Foreign Area Studies (Eastern\nB.A. Duke University 1956, B.D. Perkins School of Theology\nAsia).\n1959, S.T.M. 1960. Religion.\nElizabeth Ham Parr\nJohn Sandberg\nB.A. Wellesley College 1961. Economics.\nB.A. Yale University 1959. History of Art.\nJane Ellen Parry\nEugene Paul Anderson Schleh\nB.A. Bryn Mawr College 1961. English Language and Litera-\nB.A. Union College (Schenectady) 1961. International Rela-\nture.\ntions.\nMalcolm Lee Peel\nJoanna Flowers Schmeissner\nB.A. Indiana University 1957, B.D. Louisville Presbyterian\nB.A. Agnes Scott College 1960. English Language and Litera-\nTheological Seminary 1960. Religion.\nture.\nJohn Trumbull Robinson Pierson\nErnst Ignatz Schurer\nB.A. Harvard University 1959. General Studies.\nB.A. University of Texas 1960. Germanic Languages and\nLiteratures.\nHugh Pinchin\nB.A. University of British Columbia 1961. Economics.\nCharles Edward Scott\nB.A. Southern Methodist University 1957, B.D. Yale Uni-\nJean-Pierre Poullier\nversity 1961. Religion.\nLicence ès sciences politiques, études internationales, Uni-\nversité de Genève (Switzerland) 1960, Diplôme d'Economie\nNiki Scoufopoulos\nComparée-Université Internationale de Sciences Comparées\nB.A. Barnard College 1960. Classical Languages and Litera-\n(Luxembourg) 1960. Economics.\ntures.\nDavid Edward Powell\nGabriel Najomo Orumere Sefia\nB.A. Amherst College 1961. Political Science.\nB.A. University of Calcutta 1958. Economics.\n34\nJules Daniel Selig\nPatricia Ann Trambauer\nB.A. University of Pennsylvania 1959, M.A. Harvard Uni-\nB.A. Lawrence College 1961. Classical Languages and Litera-\nversity 1960. History of Art.\ntures.\nHoward Roe Sharlach\nJoan Lee Turek\nB.A. Northwestern University 1960. International Relations.\nB.A. University of Connecticut 1960. Economics.\nLloyd Eldon Sheneman\nHelen Field Twombly\nB.A. University of Kansas 1950, B.D. Lutheran Theological\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1960. English Language and Literature.\nSeminary at Philadelphia 1953. Religion.\nYoun Cha Shin\nJavier Garcia Urtiaga\nLicenciado en Economia, Instituto Tecnologico de Mexico\nB.A. University of California (Berkeley) 1960. Slavic Lan-\n1960. Economics.\nguages and Literatures.\nHelen Diane Wood Shough\nAmy Lou Vandersall\nB.A. University of Washington 1961. English Language and\nB.A. College of Wooster 1955, M.A. Mount Holyoke College\nLiterature.\n1958. History of Art.\nJesús Silva-Herzog Flores\nWilliam Allan Vincent\nLicenciado en Economia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma\nB.A. Kalamazoo College 1960. History.\nde Mexico 1959. Economics.\nGuilherme Ulrico von Calmbach\nDorothy Louise Sipe\nBacharel em Ciencias Economicas, Universidad de Rio de\nB.A. Cornell University 1959, B.A. University of Cambridge\nJaneiro (Brazil) 1959. Economics.\n1961. English Language and Literature.\nXan Vongsathorn\nClaudette Hoover Smith\nB.Sc. University of London 1957. Economics.\nB.A. Hanover College 1959. English Language and Litera-\nJohn Lawrence Ward\nture.\nB.A. Hamilton College 1960. History of Art.\nMitchell Evetts Smith\nB.A. University of Texas 1959, M.A. Columbia University\nGerard Bryce Warden\n1961. American Studies.\nB.A. Yale University 1961. History.\nSkeva Soko\nHoyt Dinsmore Warner\nB.A. Colgate University 1960. Economics.\nB.A. Harvard University 1959. Mathematics.\nDonald Mitchell Stewart\nBruce Samuel Warshal\nB.A. Grinnell College 1959. Political Science.\nB.S. Wilkes College 1958. Economics.\nDorothea Alice Stewart\nRose-Carol Washton\nB.A. Wellesley College 1960. English Language and Litera-\nB.A. Wellesley College 1959, M.A.T. Yale University 1961.\nture.\nHistory of Art.\nCharles Gilmer Stricklen, Jr.\nEric Watkins\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1959. History.\nB.A. Yale University 1961. General Studies.\nDonald Clair Summerhayes\nAllen Weinstein\nB.A. McMaster University 1953, M.A. University of Toronto\nB.A. City College of New York 1961. American Studies.\n1958. American Studies.\nHarry Jay Wexler\nCharles William Talbot, Jr.\nB.A. Harvard University 1957. American Studies.\nB.A. Princeton University 1958. History of Art.\nWilliam Martin Wiebenga\nEdmund Dennis Taylor\nB.A. Calvin College 1960. Philosophy.\nB.A. College of the Holy Cross 1960. English Language and\nJohn Alexander Williams\nLiterature.\nB.A. Tulane University 1961. History.\nJosiah Donald Thompson, Jr.\nRobert Louis Woodbury\nB.A. Yale University 1957. Philosophy.\nB.A. Amherst College 1960. American Studies.\nJohn Elvin Tilton, Jr.\nB.A. Princeton University 1961. Economics.\nTamako Yagai\nB.A. Keio University (Japan) 1959. Foreign Area Studies\nNicolai Timenes, Jr.\n(Southeast Asia).\nB.A. Yale University 1960. Mathematics.\nEdwin Yontef\nMinar Lumban Tobing\nB.A. Brooklyn College 1961. English Language and Litera-\nB.A. Nommensen University (Indonesia) 1958. Foreign Area\nture.\nStudies (Southeast Asia).\nDana Bruce Young\nYoshiaki Toda\nB.A. Yale University 1960. Foreign Area Studies (Eastern\nHogakushi, University of Tokyo 1954. Economics.\nAsia).\n35\nMASTERS OF ENGINEERING\nMadis Aule\nJoseph Julius Jevcak\nB.E. Yale University 1960. Chemical Engineering.\nB.E.E. Manhattan College 1961. Electrical Engineering.\nJon Calvin Bankert, Jr.\nThomas Jia-Yuan Jiang\nB.S.M.E. Duke University 1958. Mechanical Engineering.\nB.E.E. Ordnance Engineering College (Taiwan) 1956. Electri-\nRobert Renato Barbolini\ncal Engineering.\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1959. Chemical\nMadhukar Laxman Joshi\nEngineering.\nB.E. Poona University (India) 1952, B.E. Gujarath Univer-\nRegis L. Barcat\nsity (India) 1955. Metallurgy.\nDipl. École Nationale d'Ingénieurs Arts et Métiers (France)\nMohammad Haleem Khan\n1961. Mechanical Engineering.\nB.Sc. Agra University (India) 1957, M.Sc. Aligarh Muslim\nWilliam Albert Bautz\nUniversity (India) 1959. Metallurgy.\nB.M.E. Manhattan College 1960. Mechanical Engineering.\nDavid Joel Kinsley\nBarry Allen Bell\nB.S.E.E. Northeastern University 1960. Electrical Engineer-\ning.\nB.S.E.E. Stanford University 1961. Electrical Engineering.\nAlbert Asad Kuran\nCharles Faber Bohn\nB.S. Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1954. Mechanical En-\nB.S.E.E. University of Pittsburgh 1960. Electrical Engineer-\ngineering.\ning.\nPeter Francis Lambert\nGary Leon Bush\nB.E. Yale University 1961. Electrical Engineering.\nB.S.E.E. Texas Technological College 1961. Electrical En-\ngineering.\nEdward Choisy Layden\nB.S.E.E. Lafayette College 1956. Mechanical Engineering.\nMyungki Chun\nB.S. Yonsei University (Korea) 1956, M.Eng. 1958. Electri-\nRay Dennis Leoni\ncal Engineering.\nB.S. Brown University 1951. Mechanical Engineering.\nRichard Brendan Curtin\nJohn Bayard Lewis\nB.E.E. Manhattan College 1961. Electrical Engineering.\nB.S. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1961. Electrical En-\nFrederick William Dauer\ngineering.\nB.S.M.E. University of Bridgeport 1960. Mechanical En-\nMichael Isaac Liechenstein\ngineering.\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1960. Electrical\nEngineering.\nLawrence Paul Doyle\nB.S. University of Connecticut 1959. Electrical Engineering.\nRobert Michael Lockerd\nDaniel David Drobnis\nB.A., B.S. Rice University 1961. Electrical Engineering.\nB.E. Yale University 1961. Electrical Engineering.\nTom Edward Karwai Lok\nJames Bernard Ducey\nB.E. Yale University 1961. Civil Engineering.\nB.M.E. Manhattan College 1960. Mechanical Engineering.\nEugene Charles McLaud\nNicholas George Eror, Jr.\nB.Ae.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1951. Civil En-\nB.E. Yale University 1959. Metallurgy.\ngineering.\nNorman James Francis, Jr.\nElbert Dane Manchester\nM.E. Stevens Institute of Technology 1960. Mechanical En-\nB.E. Yale University 1961. Chemical Engineering.\ngineering.\nPaul Keith Manger\nHoward Richard Freeman\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1956. Electrical\nB.S. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1961. Electrical En-\nEngineering.\ngineering.\nThomas Philip Marrie\nMichael Gold\nB.E.E. Manhattan College 1960. Electrical Engineering.\nB.S. Yale University 1960. Metallurgy.\nDavid Lucius Merritt\nAlan Jay Goldman\nB.E. Yale University 1961. Mechanical Engineering.\nB.Met.E. New York University 1960. Metallurgy.\nJohn Mario Moreno\nFrank Joseph Hackl\nB.A. University of Connecticut 1952. Civil Engineering.\nB.E.E. Clarkson College of Technology 1961. Electrical En-\ngineering.\nJames Durward Morgan\nB.E. Yale University 1961. Electrical Engineering.\nJohn Henry Hartogensis\nB.E. Yale University 1960. Electrical Engineering.\nThomas Joseph Newton\nRobert Clayton Hayden\nM.E. Stevens Institute of Technology 1958. Mechanical En-\ngineering.\nB.S.M.E. Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1959. Mechanical\nEngineering.\nCharles Henri Pin\nJean-Claude Roger Helion\nDipl. École Polytechnique (France) 1958. Metallurgy.\nDipl. École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris 1960.\nRichard Stephen Rogoff\nMetallurgy.\nB.E. Yale University 1961. Electrical Engineering.\n36\nFelix Chipieng Tan\nWailey Lake Wing\nB.S.E. (Aero.E.) University of Michigan 1956, B.S.E. (Math.)\nB.S. George Washington University 1959. Metallurgy.\n1956, M.S. (Aero.E.) 1959. Mechanical Engineering.\nAlfred Adolf Wolf, Jr.\nHugh Rothe Taylor\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1953. Civil En-\nB.E. Yale University 1952. Mechanical Engineering.\ngineering.\nArvydas Vaisnys\nHoward Alan Wood\nB.E. Yale University 1960. Electrical Engineering.\nB.S.C.E. Purdue University 1956. Civil Engineering.\nWalter Ernest Von Seggern\nEmlaelu Worade\nB.E.E. Union College (New York) 1961. Electrical Engineer-\nB.Sc. Imperial College of Engineering (Ethiopia) 1959. Civil\ning.\nEngineering.\nIra Weinryb\nHarry Yousoof\nB.S.E. Columbia University 1961. Chemical Engineering.\nB.M.E. New York University 1952. Civil Engineering.\nPaul John Williams\nDimitro Peter Zafiroglu\nB.S.M.E. Purdue University 1952. Mechanical Engineering.\nB.S. Robert College (Turkey) 1961. Mechanical Engineering.\nMASTERS OF INDUSTRIAL ADMINISTRATION\nPhilip Boatman Applewhite\nTerence Alexander Lennon\nB.A. Pomona College 1960. Industrial Administration.\nB.Sc. Sydney University (Australia) 1955, M.For. Yale Uni-\nBenedict Michael Calotta\nversity 1960. Industrial Administration.\nB.S. Ohio State University 1959. Industrial Administration.\nWilliam Orland Lytle, Jr.\nMorris Dibner\nB.S. Yale University 1958. Industrial Administration.\nB.S. Quinnipiac College 1960. Industrial Administration.\nDavid Ross Peters\nJames McDonnell Geelan\nB.E. Yale University 1959. Industrial Administration.\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1960. Industrial\nAdministration.\nBent Rasmussen\nAnthony Nomikos Klonaris\nB.M.E. Odense Engineering College (Denmark) 1955. In-\nB.S.E.E. University of Miami (Florida) 1960. Industrial Ad-\ndustrial Administration.\nministration.\nRobert Nicholas Reitter\nIke Byung Ko\nB.A. Cornell College (Iowa) 1960. Industrial Administration.\nB.A. Yale University 1959. Industrial Administration.\nKenneth Howard Ladd\nRonald Carter Steorts\nB.S.M.E. University of Wisconsin 1949. Industrial Adminis-\nB.S.I.E. North Carolina State College 1960. Industrial Ad-\ntration.\nministration.\nDOCTORS OF ENGINEERING\nWITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS\nWayne Gregory Burwell\nTerrence Kent McMahon\nB.E. Yale University 1955, M.Eng. 1956. Mechanical En-\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1957, M.Eng.\ngineering.\nYale University 1960. Chemical Engineering.\nThe Spontaneous Ignition Behavior of Iso-Octane Air Mixtures\nMassed Transfer Rates in Packed Columns.\nunder Steady Flow Conditions.\nFrederick Sidney Pettit\nRaymond Bernard Edelman\nB.E. Yale University 1952, M.Eng. 1960. Metallurgy.\nThe Oxidation of Iron and Cobalt in Carbon Monoxide-Carbon\nB.M.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1956, M.Eng. Yale\nDioxide Mixtures.\nUniversity 1957. Mechanical Engineering.\nThe Flow of a Dilute Suspension of Solids in a Laminar Gas\nMartin Stanley Seltzer\nBoundary Layer.\nB.Met.E. New York University 1958, M.Eng. Yale Univer-\nsity 1960. Metallurgy.\nBurton Hering\nSome Diffusion Studies on Single Crystals of Lead Sulfide and\nB.Ch.E. New York University 1957, M.Eng. Yale Univer-\nLead Selenide.\nsity 1960. Chemical Engineering.\nDiffusion in Ion Exchange Resins.\nSrinivasa Sourirajan\nB.Sc. Annamalai University (India) 1943, D.I.I.Sc. Indian\nJong-Yih Huang\nInstitute of Science (Mysore) 1950, A.I.I.Sc. 1951, Ph.D.\nB.S. Taiwan College of Engineering 1955, M.S. Arizona\n1953. Chemical Engineering.\nState University 1959. Electrical Engineering.\nThe System Water-Sodium Chloride at Elevated Temperatures\nQuantization of Correlated Variables.\nand Pressures.\nWilliam John Wollenberg\nColin McGreavy\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1952, M.Eng.\nB.Sc. University of Leeds (England) 1957, M.Eng. Yale Uni-\nYale University 1954. Electrical Engineering.\nversity 1958. Chemical Engineering.\nGuidance Concepts for the Interception of an Intermediate\nA Study of Hydrogenation Reactions Using a Recycle System.\nRange Ballistic Missile during Its Boost Phase.\n37\nMASTERS OF PUBLIC HEALTH\nJulio Kodzo Amorin\nGeorge Anthony Garofalo\nM.D. Université de Paris 1958.\nB.S. Fairfield University 1951, M.D. University of Louvain\nDavid Bonneville Balise\n(Belgium) 1958.\nB.S. University of Massachusetts 1949.\nStanley Burton Kahane\nRichard Barnett Blakney\nB.A. New York University 1948, M.D. University of Geneva\nB.S. University of Washington 1956.\n1958.\nThomas Andre Blumenthal\nAlma Kay Keiser\nB.A. Yale University 1954, M.B.A. Columbia University\nB.S. Seton Hall University 1960.\n1958.\nCharles Archibald MacIntosh\nStella Booth\nB.A. Washington and Lee University 1956.\nB.S. New York University 1935, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Royal\nCollege of Surgeons and Physicians 1945.\nThomas Robert Mayhugh\nJames Everett Bowes\nB.S. University of Kentucky 1952.\nB.S. Georgetown University 1944, M.D. New York Medical\nJames Michael O'Leary\nCollege 1949.\nB.A. Boston College 1938, D.M.D. Tufts University 1953.\nPaul Leo Downey\nB.S. University of Notre Dame 1956.\nPeter Westlake Ralph\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1960.\nJohn Robert Galbraith\nA.A. Hagerstown Junior College 1950, B.A. Gettysburg Col-\nJerald Page Stowell\nlege 1951.\nB.S. Western Michigan University 1955.\nDOCTORS OF MEDICINE\nWITH TITLES OF THESES\nJon Morton Aase\nSpencer John Brody\nB.A. Pomona College 1958.\nB.S. Tufts University 1958.\nInvestigations of Properties of the Amelanotic Melanoma in\nElectron Microscopic Cytopathology of Coxsackie Virus In-\nthe Hamster.\nfected Muscle.\nPaul Henry Ackerman\nDavid Morse Bull\nB.A. Amherst College 1958.\nB.S. University of Idaho 1952, M.A. Michigan State Univer-\nA Radiobiological Analogy Between Measles Virus and Tem-\nsity 1956.\nperate Phage.\nUracil-6 Methyl Sulfone: Toxicologic Studies.\nDavid Leon Adams\nDean Edwin Burget, Jr.\nB.A. Colby College 1958.\nB.S. University of Toledo 1958.\nA Study of the Effect of Age on Antibody Production Using\nThe Effect of Dextro Propoxyphene on Respiration.\nAntibody Producing Isografts in Laf₁ Mice.\nFredric Kramer Cantor\nMichael Harris Alderman\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nB.A. Harvard University 1958, Tufts University School of\nThe Serum Citrate Concentration in Hereditary Vitamin D\nMedicine 1958-59.\nResistant Rickets and in Idiopathic Hypercalcemia.\nThe Production of Infection by Introduction of E. Coli Proto-\nRay Allen Carlsen\nplasts into the Renal Medulla.\nB.A. Yale University 1957.\nCharles Bernard Anderson\nStudies with Ergocornine Methanesulphonate: Its Effects on\nB.A. Johns Hopkins University 1958.\nPregnancy and Lactation in Mice and Rats.\nThe Circulatory and Ventilatory Effects of Normovolemic\nThomas Newell Chase\nPolycythemia.\nB.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1954.\nFrederic Paffard Anderson\nAge Associated Changes in the Structure and Function of the\nHuman Aorta.\nB.A. Harvard University 1958.\nEvaluation of a Method of Producing Acute Right Ventricular\nGeorge Palmer Christian\nDecompensation by Partial Occlusion of the Pulmonary Artery.\nB.A. Yale University 1955.\nNorman Herbert Bass\nBlood Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Anesthetized Humans.\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1958.\nRichard Neil Collins\nIntracellular Sodium Potassium Ratio in Human Tumor Cells\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nCultivated in Tissue Culture.\nThe Relationship of Skin Color to Zygosity in Twins.\nAnn Russell Brace\nPatricia Curtiss\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1958.\nB.A. Wellesley College 1958.\nThe Rabbit Uterus During Pregnancy: Its Blood Supply and\nA Study of the Antabuse-Like Reaction Caused by Furaltadone\nthe Effects of Topical Human Chorionic Gonadotropin.\n(Altafur).\n38\nOliver Townsend Dann\nJohn Herbert Hageman\nB.A. Columbia University 1958.\nB.A. University of Rochester 1957.\nCycloserine Inhibition of Gamma-Aminobutyric-Alpha-Keto-\nTuberculosis of the Pericardium: A Long-Term Analysis of 44\nglutaric Transaminase.\nProven Cases From the Veterans Administration.\nArnold Joel Eisenfeld, cum laude\nJohn Tolan Harrington, cum laude\nB.A. Washington and Jefferson College 1958.\nB.A. College of the Holy Cross 1958.\nStudy of Lipid Soluble Amethopterin Derivative and of Chemo-\nNeoplasia in Osteichthyes and Chondrichthyes.\ntherapy of Experimental Brain Tumors.\nFrank Robert Hartman\nIvor Bruce Elfenbein\nB.A. Stanford University 1958.\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nTolerance to EEG Effects of LSD-25 in the Rat.\nCardiac and Renal Lesions in Rats Following the Administra-\ntion of Desoxycorticosterone and Vitamin D.\nCornelis Heijn, Jr.\nB.A. Harvard University 1953.\nClyde Kenneth Emery, Jr.\nStudies on the Source of Pyrogen in Tuberculin Fever.\nB.A. Stanford University 1957, University of Cambridge\n1957-59.\nJoseph Dale Howe\nPalliation and Survival of Ovarian Carcinoma with Triethylene\nB.S. Juniata College 1957.\nThiophosphoramide.\nLearning Problems in Children: A Preliminary Study.\nJoseph Daniel Ferrone, Jr.\nVictor Waldemar Hurst, 3d\nB.A. University of Notre Dame 1958.\nB.A. Princeton University 1958.\nA Method for the Production of Profound Total Body Hypo-\nMethods of Heterologous Transplantation of Glioblastomatous\nthermia for Use in High Risk Intracranial Surgery.\nTissue Culture Lines.\nJonathan Elihu Fine\nGary Jacobson\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1954.\nB.A. Brandeis University 1958.\nProblems in the Co-ordination of the Rural Health and Com-\nThe Importance of Body Characteristics in the Excretion of\nmunity Development Programs in India.\n17-Ketosteroids and 17-Ketogenic Steroids in Obesity.\nJohn Woods Foreman\nWalter Watson Karney\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1958, Tufts University School of\nThe Atypical Acid-fast Bacillus: A Study into the Taxonomy,\nMedicine 1958-59.\nAntimicrobial Sensitivity and Clinical Correlations of 120\nChanges in the Diabetic State Brought about by the Trans-\nStrains Isolated from 113 Patients in Southern New England.\nplantation of Embryonic Pancreatic Tissue to Alloxan-Diabetic\nMice.\nLeroy Arthur Forstrom\nB.A. University of Minnesota 1957.\nGlenn Lochten Kelly\nSome Effects of Ultra Violet Light on Mouse Skin.\nB.A. Princeton University 1958.\nAn Analysis of a Method for Preventing the Formation of\nStephen John Fricker\nAmputation Neuromas.\nB.Sc. University College (London) 1948, M.S. Massachusetts\nInstitute of Technology 1950, Sc.D. 1953.\nDavid Eric Knoop\nNarrow-Band Filter Techniques for the Detection and Measure-\nB.A. Harvard University 1958.\nment of Evoked Responses.\nNephrocarcinoma at the Grace-New Haven Community Hos-\npital 1945-1961.\nRoger Philip Friedenthal\nB.A. Stanford University 1958.\nElizabeth Ulman Koenig\nAn Application of the Membrane Filter to Blood Cultures.\nB.A. Wellesley College 1958.\nAnthony Victor Furano\nThe Empirical Relationship Between Congenital Anomalies\nand Autosomal Chromosome Abnormalities.\nB.S. Tufts University 1958.\nThe Intracellular Distribution of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and\nBernard Kosto\nHistamine in a Mast Cell Tumor.\nB.S. Yale University 1957.\nDavid William Gelfand\nThe Thyroid in Experimental Renal Hypertension.\nB.S. University of Michigan 1958.\nFloyd Myron Kregenow, cum laude\nThe Relationship of the Chromaffin Reaction and Formalin-\nB.A. Rutgers University 1957.\nFluorescence Phenomenon to the Catechol Amines in the Ad-\nMetabolic Control of Passive Transfer and Exchange Diffusion\nrenal Medulla.\nof Sodium and Potassium in Human Red Blood Cells.\nJohn Nixon German\nAlan David Lieberson\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nCornell University 1955-58.\nElectrophoretic Patterns of Tumors of the Central Nervous\nA Phonocardiographic Study of 79 Patients with Congenital\nSystem.\nHeart Disease.\nJohn Allan Godley\nManuel Jacob Lipson, cum laude\nB.A. Columbia University 1958.\nExperimental Pyelonephritis, The Role of Increased Intrarenal\nB.S. Tufts University 1958.\nPressure and Ischemia.\nResponse of Virus-Like Particles in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells\nto Several Pharmacological Agents as Seen with the Electron\nDavid Henry Groth\nMicroscope.\nB.A. College of Wooster 1956.\nThe Viability of Circulating Cancer Cells.\nJohn Patrick Lynch\nB.A. Knox College 1958.\nRoderick Canavan Haff\nA Comparison Between Anoxic Radiosensitivity and Intra-\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nCellular Sulfhydral Concentration in Shigella Sonnei Following\n6-Uracil Methyl Sulfone: Metabolic and Pharmacologic Studies.\nTreatment with N-Ethyl Maleimide and with Nitric Oxide.\n39\nJoseph Clark McCarthy\nAlbert Richard Pschirrer, Jr.\nB.S. Boston College 1958.\nB.A. University of Virginia 1958.\nMyxomata Cordis.\nA Clinical Study of 384 Mitral Valvulotomies.\nDavid John McConnell\nJoseph Ross\nCornell University 1955-58.\nB.A. Yale University 1956, M.A. 1957.\nA Kinetic Study of the Aminolysis of Thioesters Related to\nOn the Psychoanalytic Theory of Negation.\nCoenzyme A.\nDavid Edwin Seil\nCarter Lee Marshall, Jr.\nB.A. Harvard University 1958.\nB.A. Harvard University 1958.\nRegional Changes in the Norepinephrine and Serotonin Con-\nThe Effect of Cortisone, Zymosan, and Certain Antibiotics on\ntent of the Brain After Drug Administration.\nthe Ability of Torulopsis Glabrata to Proliferate in Swiss White\nEdward Laughlyn Spencer, Jr.\nMice.\nB.S. Stanford University 1957.\nRichard Edward Marshall\nThe Effects of Anesthetics on Lactic Dehydrogenase In Vitro.\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1954.\nJames Alexander Erskine Spencer\nChronic Pyelonephritis Renal Biopsy and Pyelogram.\nB.A. Yale University 1958.\nA Study of the Effects of Several Pharmacological Agents on\nMalcolm Alan Martin\nHomologous Anterior Chamber Transplants of Embryonic\nGeorge Washington University 1955-58.\nSmall Intestine.\nThe Partial Purification and Characterization of a New Ribo-\nnuclease from the Ehrlich Ascites Tumor.\nNancy Ann Staley\nB.A. Northwestern University 1958.\nAllan Lee Mattern\nThe Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Cell Proliferation\nB.A. Macalester College 1957.\nand Differentiation in the Vaginal Epithelium of the Mouse.\nThe Corpus Luteum-Pituitary Relationship: A Study of the\nStimulating Effect of Progesterone on Prolactin Secretion.\nLarry Lee Stewart\nB.A. Stanford University 1958.\nStanley Eugene Matyszewski\nA Study of the Relationship of Sickle Trait to Acute Pyelone-\nB.A. Johns Hopkins University 1958.\nphritis.\nInfectious Hepatitis: A Ten Year Institutional Study.\nHarry Oliver Stoutland\nWilliam George Meffert, cum laude\nB.A. St. Olaf College 1958.\nB.A. Duke University 1958.\nStudies on the Specificity of the Cross Reaction.\nHormonal Control of Collateral Circulation.\nSeth Ulric Thaler\nB.A. Amherst College 1958.\nGeorge Stuart Miller\nFacial Nerve Pedicle in the Anterior Ocular Chamber.\nB.A. Rutgers University 1958.\nSkin Oxygen Tension During Administration of Phenylephrine\nSherwood Waldron, Jr.\nto Normal Man.\nB.A. Harvard University 1958.\nPlasma 17-OH Corticoid Levels in Newly Admitted Psychiatric\nWilliam Arthur Miller\nPatients.\nB.A. University of Rochester 1958.\nThe Uptake of a Plasma Protein by the Brown-Pierce Rabbit\nJohn David Wallin\nTumor.\nB.S. Stanford University 1958.\nProteolytic Activity in Sarracenia Purpurea, The North Ameri-\nMalcolm Stuart Mitchell\ncan Pitcher Plant.\nB.A. Harvard University 1957.\nWilliam Farnsworth Weber\nA Study of the Immune Response, with Special Reference to\nthe Role of the Lymphocyte.\nHaverford College 1955-58.\nPrimary and Metastatic Intracranial Tumors: A Statistical\nDavid Dunstan Nicholas\nStudy.\nB.S. Manhattan College 1958.\nStewart Rex Wright\nA Comparative Study of the Epidemiology of Childhood Com-\nB.A. Yale University 1957.\nmunicable Diseases in Connecticut.\nHepatic Arterial and Portal Venous Contributions to the Canine\nKarlen Lyle Paulay\nTotal Hepatic Blood Flow.\nUniversity of California 1954-58.\nNathaniel Alardyce Young, cum laude\nConcerning the Role of the Nerve to the Thyrocarotid Arterial\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1958.\nJunction as a Baroreceptor and as a Regulator of Aldosterone\nThe Function of the Inferior Olive: A Review of the Literature\nSecretion in the Dog.\nand an Experimental Study in the Dog.\nDOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY\nWITH TITLES OF DISSERTATIONS\nCandidates for degrees in science are enrolled in the Sheffield Scientific School.\nRobert Zelwin Aliber\nJames Truett Allison\nB.A. Williams College 1952, B.A. University of Cambridge\nB.S. Texas Technological College 1955, M.A. 1957. Psy-\n1954, M.A. 1959. Economics.\nchology.\nSpeculation in the Foreign Exchanges: The European Experience,\nRecovery Functions of Somatosensory Evoked Responses in\n1919-1926.\nMan.\n40\nEric Peter Bachelard\nDouglas Alan Chalmers\nB.Sc.For. University of Melbourne 1958, M.F. Yale Univer-\nB.A. Bowdoin College 1953, M.A. Yale University 1958.\nsity 1959. Forestry.\nPolitical Science.\nRoot Physiology in Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and in\nThe Social Democratic Party of Germany: Movement or Cadre?\nAcer rubrum L.\nGeorge Emerson Chamberlain\nRobert Corwin Bannister, Jr.\nB.A. University of Bridgeport 1955, M.S. Yale University\nB.A. Yale University 1955, B.A. University of Oxford 1957,\n1957. Physics.\nM.A. 1961. American Studies.\nPolarizability of Alkali and Noble Gas Atoms.\nThe Mind and Thought of Ray Stannard Baker.\nChawan Chawanidchaya\nVirgilio Beltran-Lopez\nB.A. Harvard University 1957, M.A. Yale University 1958.\nIngeniero Civil, Universidad Autonoma de Puebla (Mexico)\nInternational Relations.\n1955, Maestro en Ciencias Fisicas 1956, M.S. Lehigh Uni-\nThai Irredentism and French Indochina: A Study of a Con-\nversity 1957. Physics.\ntroversial Aspect of Thai Nationalism.\nPart I. Microwave Zeeman Spectrum of Atomic Chlorine. Part\nII. Measurements on Anisotropy of Inertial Mass.\nWarren Lewis Chernaik\nRoss Thomas Bender\nB.A. Cornell University 1952, M.A. Yale University 1955.\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nB.A. Goshen College 1954, B.D. 1956, M.R.E. 1956, M.A.\nThe Poetry of Edmund Waller.\nYale University 1961. Religion.\nThe Role of the Contemporary Family in Christian Nurture:\nFrederick Foo Chien\nA Theological Interpretation.\nB.A. National Taiwan University 1956, M.A. Yale Univer-\nAlison Bishop\nsity 1959. International Relations.\nB.A. Cornell University 1958. Zoology.\nThe Opening of Korea: A Study of Chinese Diplomacy, 1876-\nUse of the Hand in Lower Primates.\n1885.\nDavid Charles Bonar\nMiriam Usher Chrisman\nB.A. Rice University 1954, M.S. Yale University 1958.\nB.A. Smith College 1941, M.A. American University 1948,\nPhysics.\nM.A. Smith College 1955, M.A. Yale University 1959. His-\nProduction and Detection of a Polarized Deuteron Beam Using\ntory.\nthe Atomic Beam Magnetic Resonance Method.\nThe Impact of the Reformation on the City of Strasbourg 1480-\n1548.\nCarl Otto Bostrom\nB.S. Franklin and Marshall College 1956, M.S. Yale Univer-\nFrances Benbow Clark\nsity 1958. Physics.\nB.A. Agnes Scott College 1951, M.A. Yale University 1952.\nThermal Neutron Capture Gamma Rays.\nRomance Languages and Literatures (French).\nPascal's Concept of the Heart.\nRichard Pender Boyce\nB.A. University of Utah 1955. Biophysics.\nJack Lowell Clark\nUltraviolet Light Inactivation of Coli and Bacteriophage Con-\nB.A. Gustavus Adolphus College 1952, B.D. Northwestern\ntaining 5-Bromouracil-Substituted Deoxyribonucleic Acid.\nLutheran Theological Seminary 1955, M.A. University of\nMinnesota 1957, M.A. Yale University 1959. Religion.\nJohn Allen Brentlinger\nA Reexamination of the Problem of the Messianic Secret in\nB.A. University of Chicago 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.\nMark in Its Relationship to the Synoptic \"Son of Man\" Sayings.\nPhilosophy.\nThe Theory of Forms in Plato's Later Dialogues.\nSidney Leon Cohen\nB.A. Rutgers University 1957, M.A. Yale University 1959.\nEugene Wayne Brice\nHistory.\nB.A. Texas Christian University 1951, B.D. 1954, M.A. Yale\nViking Fortresses of the Trelleborg Type.\nUniversity 1959. Religion.\nA Study of Hatred and Anger in Old Testament Man.\nMargaret Collier\nSeward Ralph Brown\nB.A. Mary Baldwin College 1937, M.A. Claremont Graduate\nB.A. Queen's University (Canada) 1950, M.A. 1952. Zoology.\nSchool 1956. History of Art.\nDiagenesis of Chlorophylls in Lacustrine Sediments.\nThe Sagrario of Lorenzo Rodriguez: Origins of the Eighteenth-\nCentury Architectural Style in Mexico.\nGerardo Budowski\nIngeniero Agrónomo, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica\nAnn Congleton\n(Venezuela) 1948, Magister Agriculturae, Instituto Inter-\nB.A. Wellesley College 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.\namericano de Ciencias Agricolas (Costa Rica) 1954. Forestry.\nPhilosophy.\nStudies on Forest Succession in Costa Rica and Panama.\nSpinoza, Kierkegaard, and the Eternal Particular.\nJohn Moore Bullard\nFrank Leonard Cooley\nB.A. University of North Carolina 1953, M.A. 1955, B.D.\nB.S. Springfield College 1942, B.D. Yale University 1945,\nYale University 1957. Religion.\nM.A. 1946, S.T.M. 1954. Religion.\nBiblical Humor: Its Nature and Function.\nAltar and Throne in Central Moluccan Societies: A Study of\nthe Relationship between the Institutions of Religion and the\nJohn Martin Campbell\nInstitutions of Local Government in a Traditional Society\nB.A. University of Washington 1950. Anthropology.\nUndergoing Rapid Social Change.\nAnaktuvuk Prehistory: A Study in Environmental Adaptation.\nJohn Rex Cooper\nAndrew Galbraith Carey, Jr.\nB.A. State University of New York (Albany) 1954, M.A.\nB.A. Princeton University 1955. Zoology.\nYale University 1957. English Language and Literature.\nAn Ecological Study of Several Benthic Animal Communities\nThe Literary Background and Composition of The Compleat\nin Long Island Sound.\nAngler.\n41\nJames McBride Dabbs, Jr.\nSheldon Feldman\nB.A. Davidson College 1959, M.S. Yale University 1961.\nB.A. Northwestern University 1957. Psychology.\nPsychology.\nEvaluative Ratings of Adjective-Adjective Combinations, Pre-\nSelf Esteem, Coping, and Influence.\ndicted from Ratings of Their Components.\nHoward Eckert Davis\nJohn Duane Ferguson\nB.A. Dickinson College 1955, M.A. Yale University 1956.\nB.A. Yale University 1957. Mathematics.\nPolitical Science.\nSome Properties of Mappings on Sequence Spaces.\nCase Studies in Policy-Making: The Establishment of State\nAlcoholism Programs in New England.\nStanley Eugene Fish\nB.A. University of Pennsylvania 1959, M.A. Yale University\nJacques de Caso\n1960. English Language and Literature.\nLicencié ès Lettres, Université de Paris 1957, Diplomé\nThe Poetry of Awareness: A Reassessment of John Skelton.\nd'Etudes Supérieures 1959. History of Art.\nLa Sculpture en France du Néoclassicisme à Rodin.\nWilliam Homer Flanigan\nB.A. Wabash College 1957, M.A. Yale University 1958.\nHenry Fleming Decker\nPolitical Science.\nB.A. Rutgers University 1953, M.S. 1958, M.S. Yale Univer-\nPartisanship and Campaign Participation.\nsity 1961. Botany.\nA Modern Approach to Generic Relationships within the\nJonathan Lewis Freedman\nTraditional Tribe Festuceae (Gramineae).\nB.A. Harvard University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.\nPsychology.\nWaltraut von der Emde Deinert\nThe Effect of Involvement on Concept Maintenance.\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1954, M.A. University of\nWisconsin (Madison) 1955. Comparative Literature.\nMartin Boris Friedman\nFriedrich Gundolf's Literary Criticism.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1955. Comparative Literature.\nWilliam Hazlitt and the Development of Evocative Criticism.\nGeorg Hermann Dellbrugge\nS.T.M. Oberlin College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1959.\nMasaki Furuya\nReligion.\nRigakushi, University of Tokyo 1949, Rigaku-hakushi 1960.\nSimul Fustus et Peccator: A Study in the Theologies of Martin\nBotany.\nLuther and Reinhold Niebuhr.\nIsolation and Partial Identification of Flavonoid Complexes\nControlling Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase Activity in Peas.\nRichard Henry Desroches\nB.A. Clark University (Massachusetts) 1947. Romance Lan-\nJohn Garver Gagliardo\nguages and Literatures (French).\nB.A. University of Kansas 1954, M.A. 1957, M.A. Yale Uni-\nPrévost's Cleveland: A Study of an Essential, Early, Pre-\nversity 1958. History.\nRomantic Novel.\nAgrarian Reform and the Peasant in German Historical and\nPolitical Literature, 1775-1840.\nJan Ginter Deutsch\nB.A. Yale University 1955, B.A. University of Cambridge\nJohn Gladson Gardner\n1957. Political Science.\nB.A. Yale University 1943, M.A. 1947. English Language and\nMobility and Nationality: A Study in Movement, Borders, and\nLiterature.\nCitizenship.\nThe 'Public' Novels of Sir Walter Scott.\nJames William Dickoff\nGerald Thomas John Garvey\nB.A. Washington University 1954, M.A. Yale University\nB.S. Fairfield University 1956. Physics.\n1958. Philosophy.\nEvidence for Collective Effects in C12-C12 Reactions at 126 Mev.\nAnalytic Ethics: From Moore to Good as an External Mode.\nKulbir Sing Gill\nAlbert Richard Diebold, Jr.\nB.Sc. Panjab University (India) 1950, M.Sc. 1952. Zoology.\nB.A. Yale University 1956. Anthropology.\nDevelopmental Genetic Studies on Oogenesis in Drosopbila\nBilingualism and Biculturalism in a Huave Community.\nmelanogaster.\nJohn Oliver Dimmock\nDavid Alexander Goslin\nB.S. Yale University 1958. Physics.\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1958, M.A. Yale University 1959.\nSymmetry Properties of Wave Functions in Magnetic Crystals.\nSociology.\nAccuracy of Self Perception and Adolescent Adjustment.\nBarney Dowdle\nB.S. University of Washington 1957, M.F. Yale University\nEdgar Alstrup Gregersen\n1958. Forestry.\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1957. Anthropology.\nInvestment Theory and Forest Management Planning.\nLuo A Grammar.\nMaurice David Egger\nRobert Berry Griffin\nB.S. Stanford University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.\nB.A. University of California (Riverside) 1958. Romance\nPsychology.\nLanguages and Literatures (French).\nSome Effects of Amygdaloid Stimulation and Ablation on\nAgrippa d'Aubigné's Le Printemps, Poetry between Two Wars.\nHypothalamically Elicited Attack Behavior in Cats.\nJames Edward Griffiss, Jr.\nJoseph Ellin\nB.A. Johns Hopkins University 1950, M.A. 1951, S.T.B.\nB.A. Columbia University 1957, M.A. Yale University 1959.\nGeneral Theological Seminary 1954. Philosophy.\nPhilosophy.\nA Study of the Principle of Negativity in the Philosophy of\nGeorge Herbert Mead's Philosophy of Mind.\nHegel.\nBryant Dennis Elrod\nRobert Homer Griner\nB.E.E. University of Detroit 1957, M.Eng. Yale University\nB.A. Indiana University 1948, B.S. Purdue University 1948,\n1959. Electrical Engineering.\nM.A. Yale University 1952. Philosophy.\nAnalytical Techniques for Adaptive Control Systems.\nThe Method of Presupposition: A Significant A Priori.\n42\nJoseph Vincent Guerinot\nErnst Fedor Hoffmann\nB.A. St. Bernard's Seminary (New York) 1949, M.A. Ford-\nM.A. Yale University 1959. Germanic Languages and Litera-\nham University 1953. English Language and Literature.\ntures.\nPamphlet Attacks on Alexander Pope, 1711-1744: A De-\nDoppelungen im Roman der Deutschen Romantik (Doublings\nscriptive Bibliography.\nin Novels of the German Romantic Period).\nAnna Gutmann\nDavid Larrimore Holland\nB.A. New York University 1954, M.A. University of Illinois\nB.A. DePauw University 1955, B.D. Yale University 1959,\n1956. Germanic Languages and Literatures.\nM.A. 1960. Religion.\nSupernatural Powers in Schiller's Dramas: Theory and Practice.\nA Study of the Old Roman Symbol, Its Earliest Text with an\nHistorical Interpretation.\nDonald Charles Haberman\nB.A. Rutgers University 1955, M.A. Yale University 1959.\nThomas Johns Hopkins\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nB.S. College of William and Mary 1953, B.S. Massachusetts\nThornton Wilder: A Study of His Theatrical Style.\nInstitute of Technology 1953, B.D. Yale University 1958,\nM.A. 1959. Religion.\nRobert Bonner Hager\nThe Vaishnava Bhakti Movement in the Bhagavata Purana.\nB.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1958, M.S. Yale Uni-\nCharles William Huver\nversity 1959. Chemistry.\nThe Synthesis and Chemistry of Possible Photodimers of Di-\nB.S. Michigan State University 1955. Zoology.\nbenzoylethylene and Diacetylethylene.\nA Study of the Site and Origin of the Teleost Blastodisc.\nYukap Hahn\nElva Adams Hyatt\nB.A. University of Southern California 1956, M.A. Yale Uni-\nB.A. University of Delaware 1946, M.A. University of Buffalo\n1957. Microbiology.\nversity 1958. Physics.\nTheory of Hyperfine Structure of the Ground State of Ortho-\nA Genetic and Enzymatic Study of the Proline Locus in Neuro-\nhelium.\nspora Crassa and Salmonella typbimurium.\nYuji Ito\nJerry Adams Harpst\nB.S. Yale University 1957, M.A. 1958. Mathematics.\nB.A. Wabash College 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.\nInvariant Measures for Markov Processes.\nChemistry.\nI. Diffusion of Binary Non-Aqueous Solutions. II. Diffusion of\nSumiko Iwao\nHydrochloric Acid in Aqueous Solutions and in Dioxane-Water\nGakushi, Keio University (Japan) 1957, M.S. Yale Univer-\nMixtures.\nsity 1959. Psychology.\nInternal vs. External Criticism of Group Standards.\nKarsten Harries\nB.A. Yale University 1958. Philosophy.\nPatricia Ann James\nIn a Strange Land: An Exploration of Nihilism.\nB.S. University of Detroit 1955, M.A. Yale University 1958.\nPhilosophy.\nJohn Edmond Harvey\nDecidability in the Logic of Subordinate Proofs.\nB.A. Johns Hopkins University 1953, M.A. 1954. Romance\nForrest Crossett Jobes, Jr.\nLanguages and Literatures (French).\nThe Dramatic Technique of Jean Anouilh.\nB.A. Oberlin College 1957, M.S. Yale University 1958.\nPhysics.\nGeorge John Hechtel\nExperimental Study of the N14 (N14, N13) N15 Reaction.\nB.S. Yale University 1957. Zoology.\nCharles Frederick Jones\nA Systematic Study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Ja-\nB.A. Princeton University 1938, M.S. Yale University 1953.\nmaica.\nSociology.\nGerald Karl Helleiner\nSocial and Cultural Change in Three Minnesota Chippewa\nIndian Communities.\nB.A. University of Toronto 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.\nEconomics.\nPhilip Harding Jordan, Jr.\nInterconnections between United States' and Canadian Capital\nB.A. Princeton University 1954, M.A. Yale University 1956.\nMarkets, 1952-1960.\nHistory.\nConnecticut Politics During the Revolution and Confederation,\nGary Herbert Herling\n1776-89.\nB.A. University of Pennsylvania 1955, M.S. Yale University\nDavid Kahn\n1957. Physics.\nTests of Accuracy of Nucleon Transfer Calculations.\nB.S. Brooklyn College 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959.\nPhysics.\nAlan Wiley Heston\nKinetic Theory of Sound Propagation in Rarefied Gases.\nB.A. University of Oregon 1955, M.A. University of Washing-\nPhyllis Lorberblatt Kahn\nton 1957. Economics.\nCorporate Cash and Security Holdings: An Empirical Study of\nB.A. Cornell University 1957. Biophysics.\nA Radioautographic Study of the Transfer of P⁸²-Labeled\nCash, Securities and Other Current Accounts of Large Corpora-\nParental DNA to Progony Phage.\ntions.\nAjodhia Nath Kaul\nRobert Nyden Hill\nB.A. Panjab University (India) 1947, M.A. 1949, B.Litt.\nB.A. Carleton College 1956, M.S. Yale University 1957.\nUniversity of Oxford 1955. American Studies.\nPhysics.\nThe Image of Actual Society and Ideal Community in Nine-\nCoulomb and Electron-Phonon Interactions in a Dense Electron\nteenth-Century American Fiction.\nGas.\nJohn Thomas Kearns\nKarl Albert Hochschwender\nB.A. University of Notre Dame 1958, M.A. Yale University\nB.A. Yale University 1947, M.A. 1949. Political Science.\n1960. Philosophy.\nThe Politics of Civil Service Reform in West Germany.\nLesniewski, Language, and Logic.\n43\nJanis John Keggi\nJanet Taylor Letts\nB.S. Brooklyn College 1954, M.S. Yale University 1958.\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1952. Romance Languages and\nChemistry.\nLiteratures (French).\nSerratamolide, a Metabolite of Serratia Marcescens.\nLa Réalité historique et la pensée morale dans les Mémoires du\ncardinal de Retz.\nRobert William Kennedy\nB.S. State University of New York (Syracuse) 1953, M.F.\nFrances Randall Lipp\nUniversity of British Columbia 1955. Forestry.\nB.A. University of Michigan 1954, M.A. University of Cali-\nInfluence of Incipient Decay on the Microtensile Strength and\nfornia (Berkeley) 1956. English Language and Literature.\nRelated Chemical Properties of Wood.\nThe Carolingian Commentaries on Bede's De Natura Rerum.\nSamuel Jay Keyser\nNorman David Livergood\nB.A. George Washington University 1956, B.A. University\nB.A. Phillips University 1955, B.D. Yale University 1958,\nof Oxford 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960. Linguistics.\nM.A. 1959. Philosophy.\nThe Dialect of Samuel Worcester.\nThe Principle of Activity in Marx's Dissertation and Its In-\nfluence on His Thought.\nMyunghwan Kim\nB.S. University of Alabama 1958, M.Eng. Yale University\nWilliam Ezra McCulloh\n1959. Electrical Engineering.\nB.A. Ohio Wesleyan University 1953, B.A. University of\nEnvelope Stability of a Thermistor-Controlled Oscillator.\nOxford 1956. Classical Languages and Literatures.\nMichael Kowal\nTautometric Repetition in the Responsive Lyrics of Sophocles.\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1953. Comparative Litera-\nRichard Curry Marius\nture.\nB.S. University of Tennessee 1954, B.D. Southern Baptist\nFranz Kafka: Problems in Interpretation.\nTheological Seminary 1958, M.A. Yale University 1959.\nReligion.\nJoseph Solomon Krakow\nThomas More and the Heretics.\nB.S. University of Michigan 1955. Pharmacology.\nThe Incorporation of Ribonucleotides and Deoxyribonucleo-\nRobert Joseph Marty\ntides into Deoxyribonucleic Acid by a Calf Thymus Enzyme.\nB.S. Michigan State University 1954, M.F. Duke University\nFranklin Barrett Krasne\n1955, M.P.A. Harvard University 1959. Forestry.\nTimber Investment Decisions: A Study of Economic Decision-\nB.A. Stanford University 1959, M.S. Yale University 1961.\nMaking under Uncertainty in Forestry.\nPsychology.\nThe Effect of Reward During and Following Partial Reward.\nWilliam Francis May\nHerbert Frederick Kreimer, Jr.\nB.A. Princeton University 1948, B.D. Yale University 1952.\nReligion.\nB.S. Yale University 1958. Mathematics.\nDread before Death and Revolt against Death: A Study of\nDifferential, Difference, and Related Operational Rings.\nHeidegger and Camus.\nMordecai Kurz\nDonald Carlton Mead\nB.A. The Hebrew University (Israel) 1957, M.A. Yale Uni-\nB.A. Haverford College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1957.\nversity 1958, M.S. Stanford University 1960. Economics.\nEconomics.\nPatterns of Growth and Valuation in a Two-Sector Model.\nMonetary Analysis in an Underdeveloped Economy: A Case\nEugene Numa Lane\nStudy of Three East African Territories.\nB.A. Princeton University 1958. Classical Languages and\nTsu-Lin Mei\nLiteratures.\nB.A. Oberlin College 1954, M.A. Harvard University 1955.\nA Re-study of the God Men.\nPhilosophy.\nKenneth Eino Lassila\nTowards a Foundation for a Logic of Grammars.\nB.S. University of Wyoming 1956, M.S. Yale University\nJames Francis Mello\n1959. Physics.\nB.A. Brown University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.\nPhase Parameter and Potential Representations of Nucleon-\nGeology.\nNucleon Scattering Data at Energies below 35° Mev.\nStratigraphy and Micropaleontology of Upper Pierre Shale in\nVictoria Crane Lebovics\nNorth-Central South Dakota.\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1957. Romance Languages and\nRichard Lawrence Merritt\nLiteratures (French).\nB.A. University of Southern California 1955, M.A. University\nThe Moral Universe of Charles d'Orléans.\nof Virginia 1956. International Relations.\nRichard Thompson Lee\nSymbols of American Community, 1735-1775.\nB.A. Emory University 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.\nJames Cobean Miller\nPhilosophy.\nB.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1953, M.Eng. Yale\nWhitehead's Theory of the Self.\nUniversity 1958. Electrical Engineering.\nFlux Reversal Processes in Ferrites.\nAlfred Lessing\nB.A. Carleton College 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.\nRichard Alan Miller\nPhilosophy.\nB.A. Oberlin College 1952, M.A. Yale University 1957. Eco-\nMeaning and Value in Music: A Study of the Problem and\nnomics.\nTheories of Musical Aesthetics.\nExclusive Dealing in the Petroleum Industry: The Refiner-\nLessee Dealer Relationship.\nDonald Thomas Lester\nB.S. University of Maine 1955, M.F. Yale University 1957.\nPaul Murray Minus, Jr.\nForestry.\nB.A. Yale University 1955, B.D. 1958, M.A. 1960. Religion.\nHermaphroditism and Sex Expression in Populus Tremuloides\nThe Contemporary Catholic Reconsideration of Protestantism\nMichx.\nin French-speaking Europe.\n44\nCharles Montrie\nWilliam Vernon Porter\nB.S. University of Notre Dame 1947, M.A. Yale University\nB.S. Davidson College 1954, M.A. Oberlin College 1956.\n1949. Economics.\nHistory of Music.\nInternal and External Balance in an Open Economy: The Case\nThe Origins of the Baroque Solo Song: A Study of Italian\nof Belgium.\nManuscripts and Prints from 1590-1610.\nEdwin Neal Moore\nHerbert Bernard Posner\nB.S. Southern Methodist University 1957, M.S. Yale Univer-\nB.S. Brooklyn College 1953, M.A. 1958. Botany.\nsity 1958. Physics.\nPermanent and Temporary Effects of X-rays on the Repro-\nI. Energy of Interaction of Two Helium Atoms. II. An Ex-\nduction and Aging of Lemna Perpusilla.\namination of the Adequacy of Configuration Interaction\nTechniques to Account for Correlation in Atomic Problems.\nFrederic LeRoy Pryor\nB.A. Oberlin College 1955, M.A. Yale University 1957.\nGordon George Moore\nEconomics.\nB.S. Iowa State University 1956, M.S. Yale University 1958.\nThe Foreign Trade System of the European Communist Na-\nChemistry.\ntions.\nReactions of Carbenes with the Covalent Bond.\nRichard Edgecombe Quaintance, Jr.\nSami Majid Najm\nB.A. Amherst College 1950, M.A. Yale University 1955.\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nPhilosophy.\nPassion and Reason in Restoration Love Poetry.\nThe Theory of Value: An Introduction to Philosophical In-\nLeonard Bernard Radinsky\ntelligibility.\nB.A. Cornell University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1960.\nJames Bruce Nelson\nGeology.\nB.A. Macalester College 1951, B.D. Yale University 1957,\nOrigin and Early Evolution of North American Tapiroidea.\nM.A. 1959. Religion.\nDerek Leonard Ransley\nThe Church as Context of the Moral Life.\nB.Sc. University of Wales 1956, M.S. Yale University 1959.\nTerry Watson Offield\nChemistry.\nThe Alkylation of Phenolate Ions.\nB.S. Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1953, M.S. University of\nIllinois 1955. Geology.\nAndrew Michael Rauth\nBedrock Geology of the Goshen and Greenwood Lake Quad-\nB.S. Brown University 1958. Biophysics.\nrangles, New York.\nThe Energy Loss of Electrons in Thin Films.\nDunbar Hunt Ogden, III\nJacques Benezet Juvenal Read\nB.A. Davidson College 1955, M.A. Duke University 1956.\nB.A. Princeton University 1957, M.S. Yale University 1958.\nHistory of the Theatre.\nChemistry.\nCostume and Character on the Medieval Religious Stage.\nMomentum Transfer in Heavy Ion Reactions.\nMichael John Parenti\nHerbert R Reinelt\nB.A. City College of New York 1955, M.A. Brown Univer-\nB.A. University of Washington 1951, B.D. Yale University\nsity 1957. Political Science.\n1954, M.A. 1958. Religion.\nEthnic and Political Attitudes: A Depth Study of Italian\nGod and Actuality: A Critical Interpretation of the Analogy\nAmericans.\nbetween God and the World in Terms of the Categoreal Scheme\nof Alfred North Whitehead.\nShim Choon Park\nB.S. Seoul National University 1953, M.S. Baylor University\nDennis Michael Rohan\n1956. Physics.\nB.Ch.E. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1957, M.Eng. Yale\nLong Distance Interactions between Nuclei from Heavy Ion\nUniversity 1958. Chemical Engineering.\nElastic Scattering.\nMass Dispersion in Fluidized Beds.\nMorton Lennox Paterson\nAbraham Rosman\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1956, M.A. Yale University 1960.\nB.A. City College of New York 1952. Anthropology.\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nSocial Structure and Acculturation among the Kanuri of\nThe Prosody of John Donne.\nNorthern Nigeria.\nDerek Lee Phillips\nBernice Rosman\nB.A. Rutgers University 1959, M.A. University of Arizona\nB.A. Hunter College 1953, M.S. Yale University 1958. Psy-\n1960. Sociology.\nchology.\nHelp-Sources and Rejection of the Mentally Ill: An Experiment\nAnalytic Cognitive Style in Children.\nin Influencing Responses to Mental Disorder.\nJoseph Anthony Russo\nMargaret McCrindle Plymire\nB.A. Brooklyn College 1958, M.A. Yale University 1960.\nClassical Languages and Literatures.\nB.S. University of Illinois 1956, M.A. Yale University 1961.\nWord Localization and the Formulaic Nature of the Homeric\nSociology.\nAdaptation to Illness: A Study of Patterns of Search.\nHexameter: A Study of Homeric Language.\nJeffrey Leonard Sammons\nCharles Allan Porter\nB.A. Yale University 1958. Germanic Languages and Litera-\nB.S. Northwestern University 1953, M.A. 1954. Romance\ntures.\nLanguages and Literatures (French).\nA Structural Analysis of the Nachtwachen von Bonaventura.\nThe Description of Rural Life in the Works of Restif de la\nBretonne.\nRobert Freeman Sayre\nB.A. Wesleyan University 1955, M.A. Yale University 1959.\nStephen Cummings Porter\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nB.S. Yale University 1955, M.S. 1958. Geology.\nThe Examined Self: Henry Adams and Henry James and\nGeology of Anaktuvuk Pass, Central Brooks Range, Alaska.\nAmerican Autobiography.\n45\nPhilip Ellis Schambra\nDonald Ray Snodgrass\nB.A. Rice University 1956. Biophysics.\nB.A. Miami University (Ohio) 1957, M.A. Yale University\nEffect of Accelerated Heavy Ions on Viruses and Cells.\n1958. Economics.\nThe Varieties of Wage Decision Making: An Empirical Analy-\nWolfe William Schmokel\nsis of Some Aspects of General Money Wage Level Determina-\nB.A. University of Maryland 1957, M.A. Yale University\ntion in American Manufacturing, 1948-1959.\n1958. History.\nDream of Empire: A Study of Colonial Agitation and Planning\nAdele Ruth Spitzer\nin Germany 1919-1945.\nB.A. Barnard College 1957, M.A. Yale University 1959.\nPhilosophy.\nNeil Rolf Schroeder\nThe Unity of Plato's Theory of Art.\nB.A. Brown University 1952. History of the Theatre.\nAs You Like It in the English Theatre 1740-1955.\nRobert Atwood Spivey\nB.A. Duke University 1953, B.D. Union Theological Seminary\nHerbert Michael Schulman\n(New York) 1956, M.A. Yale University 1958. Religion.\nB.A. Bard College 1955. Microbiology.\nThe Origin and Milieu of the Gospel According to Thomas.\nA Naturally Occurring DNA-RNA Complex from Neurospora\nGeorge Stephen Springer\nCrassa.\nB.E. University of Sydney 1959, M.Eng. Yale University\nAlbert Barry Schultz\n1960, M.Sc. 1961. Mechanical Engineering.\nB.S. University of Rochester 1955, M.Eng. Yale University\nSolidification and Melting of Materials in Finite Systems with\n1959. Mechanical Engineering.\nCylindrical Symmetry.\nNonlinear Response of Beams to Shock Pulse.\nThirukodikaval Nilakanta Sriinivasan\nRichard Arthur Scoville\nM.A. University of Madras (India) 1954, M.A. Yale Univer-\nsity 1958. Economics.\nB.A. Yale University 1956, M.A. 1957. Mathematics.\nInvestment Criteria and Choice of Techniques of Production.\nErgodic Theory and Completely Monotone Sequences.\nReginald Francis Stackhouse\nDavid O'Keefe Sears\nB.A. University of Toronto 1946, M.A. 1951, B.D. Wycliffe\nB.A. Stanford University 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959.\nCollege (Canada) 1954. Religion.\nPsychology.\nThomas Arnold's Theory of Church and State.\nAnticipated Criticism, Opinion Structure, and Opinion Change.\nRolfe Seaton Stanley\nHarold Israel Shapiro\nB.A. Williams College 1954, M.S. Yale University 1955.\nB.A. Cornell University 1952, M.A. Yale University 1955.\nGeology.\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nMetamorphic Stratigraphy and Structural Geometry in the\nProgressions of Discovery: Ruskin's Early Criticism of Painting.\nCollinsville Quadrangle, Connecticut.\nDavid Lynn Stonehill\nMichael Shaw\nB.A. DePauw University 1958, M.S. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Swarthmore College 1951. Comparative Literature.\nPhysics.\nA Study of Ernst Jünger.\nTwo Pion Resonances in Pion Proton Interactions.\nWilliam Winslow Shea\nMyron Strongin\nB.A. Yale University 1954. Philosophy.\nB.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1956, M.S. Yale Uni-\nA Phenomenology of the Aesthetic Object.\nversity 1957. Physics.\nThe Specific Heat of Liquid He³ and A Search for New Super-\nDavid Sices\nconductors Below 0.1°K.\nB.A. Dartmouth College 1954. Romance Languages and\nMichael Gordon Sundell\nLiteratures (French).\nMusic and the Musician in Jean-Cbristopbe: The Harmony of\nB.A. Hamilton College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1958.\nContrasts.\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nThe Development of Matthew Arnold's Critical Theory and\nWalter Henry Simson\nPoetic Methods: 1844-1853.\nMus.B. American Conservatory of Music 1940, Mus.M.\nRonald Luke Sweitzer\nNorthwestern University 1941. History of Music.\nB.A. Yale University 1950, M.A. 1952. English Language\nThe Motets of Andrea Gabrieli: Catalogue Raisonné and Criti-\nand Literature.\ncal Edition.\nWallace Stevens: A Study of His Theory of Imagination.\nArlene Silberstein Skolnick\nTheodore Leonard Tarson\nB.A. Queens College (New York) 1954. Psychology.\nB.A. Yale University 1947, M.A. Columbia University 1948.\nThe Effects of Choice on Impression Formation.\nAmerican Studies.\nCongressional Concepts of Competition, 1865-1890.\nPeter Edison Sloane\nDaniel Richard Tershak\nB.A. Yale University 1947, M.A. 1957. Economics.\nDeterminants of Bond Yield Differentials 1954-1959.\nB.S. King's College (Pennsylvania) 1958. Microbiology.\nRadiobiological Analysis of Vaccinia Infected Cells.\nAndrew Murray Smith\nCharles Bahn Teske\nB.A. Williams College 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959.\nB.A. Lafayette College 1954, M.A. Yale University 1955.\nPhysics.\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nMutual Excitation in the Scattering System of Two C12 Nuclei.\nThe Pathetic Ballads of the Eighteenth Century.\nLewis Adams Smith\nJan Tumlir\nB.A. Reed College 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959. Chem-\nB.A. Yale University 1953, M.A. 1955. Economics.\nistry.\nTaxes, Public Expenditures and the Balance of Payments:\nThe Structure of Prodigiosin and Related Natural Products.\nGermany, 1948-1958.\n46\nJames Lawrence Tyne\nCynthia Margaret Wild\nB.A. Loyola University (Illinois) 1944, M.A. Fordham Uni-\nB.A. Radcliffe College 1954, M.S. Yale University 1957.\nversity 1949, M.A. Yale University 1955. English Language\nPsychology.\nand Literature.\nAdaptive Regression in Art Students, Teachers, and Schizo-\nThe Misanthrope and the Muse, Swift's Lapidary Verse.\nphrenics.\nAnthony Francis Vellturo\nDonald John Williams\nB.S. Yale University 1958, M.S. 1959. Chemistry.\nB.S. Yale University 1955, M.S. 1958. Physics.\nPart I. Tetramethylene cyclobutane. Part II. Synthesis of\nInelastic Excitations in Heavy Ion Reactions.\nA 5, 7-Steroids.\nJohn Carter Williams\nJames Henry Vignos\nB.A. Trinity College (Connecticut) 1949, M.A. Yale Univer-\nB.S. Case Institute of Technology 1955, M.S. Yale University\nsity 1951. Classical Languages and Literatures.\n1957. Physics.\nPatterns and Variations of Rhythm in Hesiod's Works and Days.\nThe Propagation of First Sound in Liquid and Solid Heᵃ,\nHe⁴, and He³-He⁴ Mixtures.\nThomas Ellis Williams\nStanley David Walters\nB.A. University of Rochester 1951, M.S. Southern Methodist\nUniversity 1957. Geology.\nB.A. Greenville College 1952, B.D. Asbury Theological Semi-\nFusulinidae of the Hueco Group (Lower Permian), Hueco\nnary 1955, Th.M. Princeton Theological Seminary 1960.\nMountains, Texas.\nNear Eastern Languages and Literatures.\nEarly Old Babylonian Letters and Documents from Larsa.\nThomas Henry Williams\nHarold Lerow Weatherby, Jr.\nB.Sc. University College of the West Indies 1956, M.S. Yale\nB.A. Vanderbilt University 1956, M.A. Yale University 1957.\nUniversity 1960. Chemistry.\nThe Structure of Picrotoxinin.\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nHardy's Art in Transition: A Study of Fude the Obscure.\nDorothy Moroz Willis\nGordon Frederick Weetman\nB.A. Hunter College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1957. Eng-\nB.Sc.F. University of Toronto 1955, M.F. Yale University\nlish Language and Literature.\n1958. Forestry.\nThe Mind and Art of Abraham Cowley.\nNitrogen Relations of a Black Spruce (Picea Mariana) Stand\nSophia Su-fei Yen\nSubject to Various Treatments.\nB.A. Scripps College 1956, M.A. Yale University 1957. Inter-\nMark Allen Weinstein\nnational Relations.\nB.A. Cornell University 1959, M.A. Yale University 1960.\nTaiwan in China's Foreign Relations 1836-1874.\nEnglish Language and Literature.\nA Study of William Edmondstoune Aytoun.\nHerwig Gerhard Zauchenberger\nB.A. University of Colorado 1951, M.A. 1953, M.A. Yale\nHenry Herbert Wells, III\nUniversity 1957, Dr.Phil. Universität Wien (Austria) 1957.\nB.A. Duke University 1957, M.S. Yale University 1959.\nGermanic Languages and Literatures.\nPsychology.\nBattle and Death in Eddic Poetry: A Comprehensive Com-\nTransfer and Stimulus Effects in Disjunctive Concept Learning.\npilation for the Study of Formulaic Elements in Germanic Verse.\n47\nCOMMENCEMENT 1702-1962\nThe first Yale Commencement was held on September 16, 1702, in Saybrook, Connecticut, at the\nhome of The Reverend Thomas Buckingham, one of the original trustees of the College.\nThe exercises were held first in New Haven in 1717 (with a graduating class of five) in what is\nnow called Center Church, and continued to be held there (except for private ceremonies during the\nRevolutionary War) until 1895 when they were transferred to Battell Chapel. In 1903 they were moved\nto Woolsey Hall where, beginning in 1926, two separate ceremonies were held-Graduation for under-\ngraduate degrees and Commencement for graduate, professional, and honorary degrees. The ceremonies\nwere combined again in 1950 and moved to the Old Campus; Ingalls Rink is prepared for an inclement\nweather ceremony.\nPROCESSION\nThe procession forms in the Cross Campus and consists of three divisions: (I) the Undergraduate\nColleges, (2) the Graduate and Professional Schools, and (3) the President, University Officers, Cor-\nporation and Honorary Degree recipients. The procession leaves the Cross Campus at 10:00 A.M.\nthrough the Noah Porter Gateway and proceeds down Elm Street to the northwest corner of the New\nHaven Green.\nUpon entering the Green, the files of candidates separate on opposite sides of the walks and halt\nwhen they reach College Street opposite Phelps Gateway. The President, University Officers, Corpora-\ntion and Honorary Degree recipients pass between the opened ranks, and the candidates tip their caps\nas the President passes. In commemoration of the early commencements, the procession crosses the\nGreen in front of Center Church while the Church bell tolls.\nThe procession enters the Old Campus at 10:15 A.M. heralded by the playing of the chimes and\nfollowed by tower music from Harkness Tower. Leading down the center aisle is the Corporation\nMarshal followed by the Chief Marshal bearing the University Mace. The various groups of candidates\nare then led to their assigned seats by their Faculty Marshals (see map on back page for locations).\nThe final groups to march down the center aisle, led by the Procession Marshal, are the Color\nGuards bearing the National and State flags, the flags of the two ROTC units, the Banner of the Uni-\nversity, and the Banners of the ten undergraduate colleges. The Banners of the graduate and pro-\nfessional schools are brought separately to the platform by their groups which enter through Daniels\nand Miller Gateways.\nACADEMIC COSTUME\nAcademic gowns represent a tradition which comes down from the universities of the Middle Ages.\nAt that time they were a common form of dress and were retained by the clergy when the laity adopted\nmore modern styles. The early European universities were founded by the church; the students, being\nclerics, were obliged to wear the prescribed gowns at all times.\nThe usual color for academic gowns in America is black, although Yale masters and doctors may\nwear Yale blue. The bachelor's gown is worn closed and has long pointed sleeves. The master's and\ndoctor's gowns are worn open. The President has a distinctive blue gown approved by the Corporation.\nCaps, originally round, later became square mortarboards; the hoods were originally cowls attached to\nthe gown which could be slipped over the head for warmth.\nThe hoods are lined with the colors of the college or university from which the wearer received\nhis degree. The trimming or collar of the hood is of a color which designates the degree: blue for Phi-\nlosophy, brown for Fine Arts and Architecture, green for Medicine, salmon pink for Public Health,\napricot for Nursing, orange for Engineering, pink for Music, purple for Laws, russet for Forestry,\nscarlet for Divinity, white for Liberal Arts, and golden yellow for Science. Honorary degree hoods are\nidentifiable as follows: Master of Arts (M.A.)-white; Doctor of Letters (Litt.D.)-white; Doctor of\nHumane Letters (L.H.D.)-white; Doctor of Fine Arts (D.F.A.)-brown; Doctor of Science (Sc.D.)-\ngolden yellow; Doctor of Music (Mus.D.)-pink; Doctor of Divinity (D.D.)-scarlet; Doctor of Laws\n(LL.D.)-purple.\nCaps are black but the tassel for the graduate and professional degrees may be of the color cor-\nresponding to the hoods. Tassels for bachelors of arts, science and engineering are black. Tassels for\ndoctors may be gold.\n48\nMany European universities have distinctive caps and gowns which are different from those com-\nmonly used in this country. Some of the gowns are brightly colored and some are embellished with fur.\nA number of these are worn by members of the Faculty.\nMACES AND BANNERS\nThe University Mace, carried by the Chief Marshal, is the symbol of the President's authority.\nIt is made of silver, covered with gold, and weighs twenty-four pounds. It is set with lapis lazuli and\nhas a number of enameled medallions which symbolize the history and work of Yale. The names of all\nYale presidents are engraved on the shaft with the dates of their tenure in office.\nThe Procession Marshal bears a mace which is believed to be an XVIIIth Century Dutch drum\nmajor's baton. The shaft is of wood and the head and fittings are of sterling silver. Each undergraduate\ncollege has its own distinctive mace which is carried by the Faculty Marshal. The Student Marshals\ncarry wooden batons.\nThe banners of arms of Yale College, the residential colleges and the professional schools are\ncarried by honor students. The banners of arms of the undergraduate colleges are derived from the arms\nof each college illustrated on page five of this program. They were designed and executed by Professor\nTheodore Sizer.\nCEREMONY\nThe degree candidates are presented by the respective Deans, and the candidates for commissions\nin the Armed Services of the United States are presented by the commanding officers of the ROTC\nunits. (ROTC graduates have taken the oath of office earlier in the day at a special ceremony.) The\nPresident confers the degree specified by the Deans, and the Student Marshals come forward to receive\nthe diplomas symbolic of the degree. The bundles are retained by the Student Marshals and, after the\nceremony on the Old Campus is concluded, the new graduates return to their respective colleges where\nthey receive their diplomas individually from the hands of the Master of their college. The candidates\nfrom the graduate and professional schools similarly receive their diplomas individually from their\nrespective Deans at separate ceremonies.\nDEGREES\nAlthough Jacob Heminway was Yale's first student, the first degree (Bachelor of Arts) was awarded\npurely on examination to Nathaniel Chauncey in 1702 and the first degree in course to John Hart in\n1703. In 1861 the first Doctor of Philosophy degree in the country was conferred at Yale. The Univer-\nsity's first Bachelor of Divinity degree was awarded in 1867, the first Master of Arts in course in 1876,\nand the first Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1891. The Bachelor of Philosophy degree was conferred from 1852\nto 1931. The degrees most recently approved by the Corporation are the Master of Arts in Religion,\nthe Master of Science in Nursing, the Master of Industrial Administration, and the Master of Arts in\nTeaching.\nThe tradition of awarding honorary degrees was begun in 1702 with the award of four Masters'\ndegrees; the first Doctor's degree was an honorary Doctor of Medicine in 1723. Since then Yale has\nconferred the following: 95 Bachelors of Arts; 6 Bachelors of Philosophy; I Bachelor of Laws; 568\nMasters of Arts; 20 Masters of Science; 186 Doctors of Medicine; 224 Doctors of Divinity; 34 Doctors\nof Humane Letters; 6 Doctors of Fine Arts; 116 Doctors of Science; 78 Doctors of Letters; 13 Doctors\nof Music; 2 Doctors of Philosophy; 503 Doctors of Laws. In addition the Master of Arts degree has\nbeen awarded \"privatim\" to 477 senior members of the Faculty who have not received Yale Master's\nor Doctor's degrees.\nRECESSIONAL\nWhen the Benediction has been pronounced, the Harkness Chimes are heard again and the Pro-\ncession Marshal gives the signal to begin the recessional. The Corporation Marshal and the Chief\nMarshal follow and in turn are followed by the personages on the stage and the Faculty who have been\nseated immediately in front of the stage. The members of the undergraduate colleges and the graduate\nand professional schools are then led from the Old Campus, the guests remaining in their places until\nthe graduates have departed.\n49\nTHE CARL PURINGTON ROLLINS PRINTING-OFFICE OF THE YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS\nWHITMAN gateway\nhigh STREET GATE\nDANIELS gateway\nLAW\nFORESTRY\nNURSING\nDIVINITY\nMUSIC\nDRAMA\nARCHITECTURE\nART AND\nGUARDS\nCOLOR\nG\nA\nX08\nPRESIDENT'S\nMACES\nSTACE\nCOLLEGES\nUNDERGRADUATE\nSUNNERS\nH\nB\nL\nUNDERGRADUATE\nП-яотс BAND ROTC\nCOLLEGES\nPRESS MARSHALS ;\nJ\nPh.D. MEDICINE HEALTH EERING\nENGINEE ENGINEERING MS\n4\nE\nCHENEY ives\nGATEWAY\nPHELPS ARCHWAY\nMILLER gateway\nLet me begin by expressing my deep\nappreciation of the honor you have\nconferred on me. As General de Gaulle\naccormates\nA\nacknowledges America to be the daughter\nof Europe, so am I pleased to come to\nYale, the daughter of Harvard. Indeed,\nI have heard that Yale may someday have\ndaughters of its own -- and, now that I\nam an alumnus, I may apply on behalf of\nmy daughter.\nHund be Daid\nSomeone has told me that I now have\nthe best of both worlds\na Harvard\neducation and a Yale degree.\n2\nI am particularly glad to become a\nYale man, because as I think about my\ntroubles, I find that a lot of them have\ncome from other Yale men. Among\nbusinessmen, I have had a minor\ndisagreement with Roger Blough, of the\nLaw School Class of 1931, and I have had\nsome complaints too from my friend\nHenry Ford, of the class of 1940. In\njournalism, I seem to have a difference\nwith John Hay Whitney, of the class of\n1926 -- and sometimes I also displease\nHarry Henry Luce of the class of 1920 -- not\nto mention William F. Buckley, Jr., of\nthe class of 1950.\n3\nIn politics my luck is better, but\nlately I have had small arguments with\nBob Wagner of the class of 1933 and Bill\nProxmire of the class of 1938 --- and they\nare members of my own party.\nI even have trouble with some of my\nYale advisers. I get along with them,\nbut they don't always get along with each\nother: I have the warmest feelings for\nChester Bowles of the class of 1924 and\nfor Dean Acheson of the class of 1915 ---\nbut I am not 100 per cent sure that these\ntwo wise and experienced Yale men wholly\nagree with each other on every issue.\n4\nSo this Administration, which aims\nat peaceful cooperation among all\nAmericans, has been the victim of a\ncertain natural pugnacity among Yale men.\nNow that I am a Yale man too, it is time\nfor peace. Last week, at West Point, in\nthe historic tradition of that Academy,\nI availed myself of the powers of the\nCommander-in-Chief to remit all the\nsentences of offending cadets. In that\nsame spirit -- and in the historic\ntradition of Yale -- let me now offer to\nsmoke the clay pipe of friendship with al\nmy brother Elis -- and I hope that they\nmay be friends not only with me but with\neach other.\n5\nIn any event I am very glad to be\nhere - - and as a new member of the club\nI have been checking to see what earlier\nlinks existed between this institution\nand the Presidency. I found that a\nmember of the class of 1878, William\nHoward Taft, served one term in the\nWhite House as preparation for becoming\na member of this faculty\nand a\ngraduate of 1804, John C. Calhoun\nwind\nregarded the Vice Presidency as too\nlowly a station for a Yale alumnus --\nand became the only man in history ever\nto resign that office.\n6\nCalhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878\ngraduated into a world very different\nfrom the one which faces you. They and\ntheir contemporaries spent entire careers\nin grappling with a few dramatic issues\non which the nation was sharply divided --\nissues that often occupied attention for\na generation at a time: the National\nBank, the disposal of the public lands,\nnullification or union, freedom or\nslavery, gold or silver.\nToday these old sweeping issues have\nlargely disappeared. The central domestic\nproblems of our own time are more subtle\nand less simple. They relate, not to basic\nclashes of philosophy or ideology,\n7\nbut to ways and means of reaching common\ngoals -- to research for sophisticated\nsolutions to complex and obstinate\nissues. The world of Calhoun, the world\nof Taft, had its own hard problems and\nnotable challenges. But its problems are\nnot our problems. Its challenges are not\nour challenges. Their age is not our age.\nAs every past generation has had to\ndesenthrall\ndisentangle itself from an inheritance of\ntruism and stereotype, so in our own time\nwe must move on from the reassuring\nrepetition of stale phrases to a new,\ndifficult but essential confrontation of\nreality.\n8\nFor the great enemy of the truth is\nvery often not the lie -- deliberate,\ncontrived and dishonest -- but the\nmyth -- persistent, persuasive and\nunrealistic. Too often we hold fast\nto the cliches of our forebearers.\nWe subject all facts to a prefra-\nbricated set of interpretations. We\nenjoy the comfort of opinion without\nthe discomfort of thought.\nMythology distracts us everywhere ---\nin government as in business, in\npolitics as in economics, in foreign\naffairs as in domestic policy. But\ntoday I want particularly to consider\nmyth and reality in our national\neconomy. In recent months many\nhave come to feel, I believe\n9\ncome to feel that the dialogue between\nthe parties -- between business and\ngovernment -- between government and the\npublic -- is clogged by illusion and\nplatitude and fails to reflect the true\nrealities of contemporary American\nsociety.\nI speak of these matters here at\nYale because of the self-evident truth\nthat a great university is always\nenlisted against the spread of illusion\nand on the side of reality. No one has\nsaid it more clearly than President\nGriswold: \"Liberal learning is both a\nsafeguard against false ideas of freedom\nand a source of true ones. Your role as\nuniversity men, whatever your calling,\n10\nwill be to increase each new generation's\ngrasp of its new duties,\n* *\nThere are three great areas of our\ndomestic affairs in which, today, there\nis a danger that illusion may prevent\neffective action. They are: first:\nthe question of the size and shape of\ngovernment's responsibilities; second:\nthe question of public fiscal policy;\nand third: the matter of confidence --\nbusiness confidence, or public\nconfidence -- or simply confidence in\nAmerica. I want to talk about all three.\nI want to talk about them carefully and\ndispassionately --\n11\nand I emphasize that I am concerned\nhere not with political debate but\nwith finding ways to separate false\nproblems from real ones.\nIf a contest in angry argument\nwere forced upon it, no Administration\ncould shrink from response, and\nhistory does not suggest that American\nPresidents are totally without\nresources in an engagement forced upon\nthem because of hostility in one\nsector of society. But in the wider\nnational interest we need, not partisan\nwrangling, but common concentration\non common problems. I come this\nmorning to ask you to join in this\ngreat task.\n* * *\n12\nLet us take first the question of\nthe size and shape of government. The\nmyth here is that government is big,\nand bad -- and steadily getting bigger\nand worse. Obviously this myth has\nsome excuse for existence. It is true\nthat in recent history each new\nAdministration has spent much more\nmoney than its predecessors. Thus\nPresident Roosevelt outspent President\nHoover, and with allowance for the\nspecial case of the Second World War,\nPresident Truman outspent President\nRoosevelt. Just to prove that this\nwas no partisan matter, President\nEisenhower then outspent President\nTruman by the landsome figure of 180\nbillion dollars.\n13\nIt is even possible that this trend\nmay continue.\nBut does it follow that big\ngovernment is growing relatively\nbigger? It does not -- for the fact\nis that for the last fifteen years\nthe federal government -- and also\nthe federal debt -- and also the\nfederal bureaucracy --- have grown\nless rapidly than the economy as a\nwhole. If we leave defense and\nspace expenditures aside, your federal\ngovernment, since the Second World\nWar, has expanded less than any other\nmajor sector of our national life --\nless than industry -- less than\ncommerce - - -\n14\nless than agriculture -- less than\nhigher education -- and very much less\nthan the noise about big government.\nThe truth about big government is\nthe truth about any other great\nactivity -- it is complex. Certainly\nit is true that size brings dangers --\nas we have lately seen in such areas\nas stockpiling and agricultural\nstorage. But it is also true that\nsize can bring great benefits. Here\nat Yale, which has contributed so\nmuch to our national progress in\nscience and medicine, it may be\nproper for me to mention one great\nand little-noticed expansion of\ngovernment that has brought strength to\nour whole society:\n15\nthe new role of our federal government\nas the major patron of research in\nscience and medicine. Few people\nrealize that in 1961, in support of\nall university research in science\nand medicine, three dollars out of\nevery four came from the federal\ngovernment. I need hardly point out\nthat this has taken place without\nundue enlargement of government\ncontrol -- that American scientists\nremain second to none in their\nindependence, and even in their\nrugged individualism.\nGovernment in this country is\nnearly always related to other forces.\nWas I we suggesting\nis ther the fena by Dinne\nL regard to from 70\neach care\nmind he determed it merks\n16\nI am not suggesting that federal\nexpenditures cannot bring some measure\nof control. The whole thrust of\nfederal expenditures in agriculture\nhave been related by purpose and by\ndesign to control\nas a means\nof dealing with the problems created\nby our farmers and growing productivity.\nEach sector of activity must be\napproached on its own merits and in\nterms of specific national needs.\nGeneralities in regard to federal\nexpenditures, therefore, can be\nmisleading -- each case, science,\nurban renewal, education, agriculture,\nnatural resources, each case must be\ndetermined on its merits if we are\nto profit by from\n17\nour unrivaled ability to combine the\nstrength of public and private\nagencies, public and private purposes --\npublic and private interests.\n* * *\nNext, let us turn to the problem\nof fiscal policy. Here the myths\nare legion and the truth sometimes\nhard to find. But let me take as a\nprime example the problem of the federal\nbudget. We persist in measuring our\nFederal fiscal integrity today by\nthe conventional or administrative\nbudget -- with results which would\nbe regarded as absurd in any business\nfirm - - in any country of Europe --\n18\nor in any careful assessment of the\nreality of our national finances.\nThe administrative budget has sound\nadministrative uses. But for wider\npurposes it is less helpful. It omits\nour special trust funds; it neglects\nchanges in assets or inventories; it\ncannot tell a loan from a straight\nexpenditure -- and worst of all it\ncannot distinguish between operating\nexpenditures and long-term investments.\nThis budget -- in relation to the\ngreat problems of Federal fiscal\npolicy -- is not simply irrelevant;\nit is actively misleading.\n19\nAnd yet there is a mythology that\nmeasures all our soundness or\nunsoundness on the single simple basis\nannual\nof this same administrative budget.\nIf our federal budget is to serve,\nnot the debate, but the country, we\nmust and will find ways of cleaning\nup this area of discourse.\nStill in the area of fiscal policy,\nlet me say a word about deficits. The\nmyth persists that Federal deficits\ncreate inflation and budget budy surpluses\nprevent it. Yet sizeable surpluses\nafter the war did not prevent inflation,\nand persistent deficits for the last\nseveral years have not upset our basic\nprice stability.\n20\nObviously deficits are sometimes\ndangerous -- and SO are surpluses.\nBut honest assessment plainly requires\na more sophisticated view than the\ncliche that deficits are inflationary.\nThere are myths also about our\npublic debt. It is widely supposed\nthat this debt is growing at a\ndangerously rapid rate. In fact both\nthe debt per person and the debt as a\nproportion of our gross national\nproduct have declined sharply since\nthe Second World War. In absolute\nterms the national debt has increased\nonly 8 per cent,\n21\nwhile private debt was increasing\n305 per cent and the debts of state\nand local governments increased\n378 per cent. Moreover debts, public\nand private, are neither good nor\nbad, in and of themselves. Borrowing\ncan lead to overextension and collapse --\nbut it can also lead to expansion and\nstrength. There is no single simple\nslogan in this field that can deserve\nour trust.\nFinally, I come to the problem of\nconfidence. Confidence is a matter of\nmyth and also a matter of truth --\nand this time let me take the truth of\nthe matter first.\n22\nIt is true -- and of high\nimportance -- that the prosperity of\nthis country depends on assurance that\nall major elements within it will\nlive up to their responsibilities. If\nbusiness were to neglect its\nobligations to the public; if labor\nwere blind to all public responsibility;\nabove all, if government were to\nabandon its obvious - - - and statutory --\nduty of watchful concern for our\neconomic health - - - if any of these\nthings should happen, then confidence\nmight well be weakened, and the danger\nof stagnation would increase. This\nis the true issue of confidence.\n23\nBut there is also the false issue\n== and its simplest form is the\nassertion that any and all unfavorable\nturns of the speculative wheel --\nhowever temporary and however plainly\nspeculative in character --- are the\nresult of \"lack of confidence in the\nnational Administration.\" This, I\nmust tell you, whole comforting,\nis not wholly true. Worse, it\nobscures the reality -- which is\nalso simple. The solid ground of\nmutual confidence is the necessary\npartnership of government with all\nthe sectors of our society in the\nsteady quest for economic progress.\n24\nThis Administration is not going to\ngive way to general hostility to\nbusiness merely because there has been\na single temporary disagreement with\nam\na singl individual or industry, nor\nwill the future belong to those who\nignore the realities of our economic\nlife in a neurotic search for unending\nreassurance.\nCorporate plans are not based on a\npolitical confidence in party leaders\nbut on an economic confidence in the\nnation's ability to invest and produce\nand consume.\n25\nBusiness had full confidence in the\nadministrations in power in 1929,\n1954, 1958 and 1960 -- but this was\nnot enough to prevent recession when\nbusiness lacked full confidence in\nthe economy. What matters is the\ncapacity of the nation as a whole to\ndeal with its economic problems and\nopportunities.\n* * *\nThe sterotypes I have been\ndiscussing distract our attention and\ndivide our effort. These stereotypes\ndo our nation a disservice, not just\nbecause they are exhausted and\nirrelevant,\n26\n27\nbut above all because they are\nmisleading -- because they stand in the\nway of the solution of hard and\ncomplicated problems. It is not new\nthat past debates should obscure\npresent realities. But the damage\nof such false dialogue is greater\ntoday than ever before, simply because\ntoday the safety of all the world --\nthe very future of freedom -- depends\nas never before upon the sensible\nand clear-headed management of the\ndomestic affairs of the United States.\nThe real issues of our own time are\nrarely SO dramatic as the issues of the\nage of Calhoun.\n2027 28 27\nThe differences today are mainly matters\nof degree. And we cannot understand\nand attack our contemporary problems\nif we are bound by the traditional\nlabels and worn-out slogans of an\nearlier era. But the unfortunate fact\nof the matter is that our rhetoric has\nnot kept pace with the speed of social\nand economic change. Our political\ndebates, our public discourse -- on\ncurrent domestic and economic issues --\ntoo often bear little relation to the\npractical problems we face.\nWhat is at stake in our economic\ndecisions today is, not some grand\nwarfare of rival ideologies, but the\npractical management of the modern\neconomy.\n20 28\nWhat we need is, not more labels and\nmore cliches, but more basic discussion\nof the sophisticated and technical\nquestions involved in keeping our\nmighty economic machine moving steadily\nahead.\nThe national interest lies in high\nemployment, steady expansion of output,\nstable prices and a strong dollar. The\ndeclaration of such objectives is easy;\ntheir attainment in an intricate and\ninterdependent economy and world is a\nlittle more difficult. To attain them,\nwe require not facile ideology but hard\nthought. Let me end by suggesting a\nfew of the real questions on our\nnational agenda.\nx inet 29\nhere pay\nHow can our budget and tax policies\nsupply adequate revenues and preserve\nour balance of payments position,\nwithout slowing up our economic growth?\nHow are we to set our interest\nrates and regulate the flow of money\nin ways which will stimulate the\neconomy at home without weakening the\ndollar abroad aiven the spectrum of\nWhat\nour economic responsibilities which\nhas\nshould be the mix between fiscal and\nthere\nmonetary actions? Jalices\nIn give\nleaving angula S\nWith the necessity of maintaining\nI\nour competitive position in the world,\nwhat should be the price and wage\npolicies of our basic industries?\nIs there a public interest in such\nprice and wage decisions, and, if so,\nWarranty han Windling been\nlined fine amount geot they has that the me my\nmay walle liked fin and an\nLET ME GIVE SEVERAL EXAMPLES FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE\nOF THE COMPLEXITY OF THESE MATTERS AND HOW POLITICAL\nLABELS AND IDELOGICAL APPROACHES ARE FREQUENTLY\nIRRELEVANT TO THEIR SOLUTION.\nLAST WEEK A DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE OF THIS SCHOOL,\nSENATOR PROXMIRE OF THE CLASS OF 1938; WHO IS ORDINARILY\nREGARDED AS A LIBERAL DEMOCRAT SUGGESTED THAT WE SHOULD\nFOLLOW IN MEETING OUR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS A STIFF FISCAL\nPOLICY = WITH EMPHASIS ON BUDGET BALANCING AND AN EASY\nMONETARY POLICY -- WITH LOW INTEREST RATES IN ORDER TO\nECONOMY\nKEEP OUR MOVING.\nIN THE SAME WEEK THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT\nIN BERNE, SWITZERLAND, A CONSERVATIVE ORGANIZATION\nREPRESENTING CENTRAL BANKERS OF EUROPE SUGGESTED THAT THE\nAPPROPRIATE ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES SHOULD\n?\nPERMIT POLICY AS IN EUROPE WITH\nthe my A FLEXIBLE olivid BUDGET follm\nDIFICITS WHEN THE ECONOMY IS DOWN AND A HIGH MONETARY\nPOLICY AS IN EUROPE WITH HIGH INTEREST RATES, IN ORDER\nDr\n2\nTO CONTROL INFLATION AND PRODUCE GOLD. BOTH MAY BE\nRIGHT OR WRONG. IT WILL DEPEND ON MANY OTHER FACTORS. THE\nPOINT IS THAT THIS IS BASICALLY AN ADMINISTRATIVE AND\n9 with\nEXECUTIVE PROBLEM AND POLITICAL CLICHES OR LABELS WILL\nNOT SOLVE IT.\nLET ME GIVE YOU A SECOND EXAMPLE. A WELL_KNOWN\nBUSINESS JOURNAL THIS MORNING RAISED THE PROSPECTS THAT\nA FURTHER BUDGET DEFICIT WOULD BRING INFLATION AND\nENCOURAGE THE FLOW OF GOLD. WE HAVE HAD SEVERAL RECENT\nBUDGET DEFICITS BEGINNING WITH OUR 12 1/2 BILLION DOLLAR\nDEFICIT IN 1958 AND IT IS TRUE THAT IN THE FALL OF 1960\nfor\nWE HAD A RECORD LOSS RUNNING AT AN ANNUAL RATE OF 5 BILLION\nDOLLARS. THIS WOULD SEEM TO PROVE THE CASE THAT A\nDEFICIT PRODUCES INFLATION AND A LOSS OF GOLD.\nYET THERE WAS NO INFLATION FOLLOWING THE 1960 58\ndefents\nan\nRECESSION AND DEFICIT NOR SINCE THEN. OUR WHOLESALE PRICE\nINDEX SINCE 1958 IN SPITE OF SEVERAL DEFICITS HAS REMAINED\nTHE SAME AND THE LOSS OF GOLD HAS BEEN DUE TO OTHER REASONS\nAr\n3\nMin\nTHAN PRICE INSTABILITY -- RELATIVE INTEREST RATES,\nRELATIVE EXPORT IMPORT BALANCES, NATIONAL SECURITY\ncorputal plans.\nEXPENDITURES, ETC.\nLET ME GIVE YOU A THIRD AND FINAL EXAMPLE. AT\nTHE WORLD BANK MEETING IN SEPTEMBER A NUMBER OF AMERICAN\nBANKERS ATTENDING PREDICTED TO THEIR EUROPEAN\nCOLLEAGUES THAT BECAUSE OF THE FISCAL 62 BUDGET DEFICIT\nTHERE\nTHEXXX SHOULD BE STRONG INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON THE\nDOLLAR AND INCREASES IN THE GOLD FLOW. THEIR PREDICTION\nOF INFLATION WAS SHARED BY MANY IN BUSINESS AND HELPED\nPUSH THE STOCK MARKET UP. THE RECENT REALITY OF NON-\nINFLATION HELPED BRING IT DOWN. ofer WE HAVE HAD INFLATION\nBECAUSE OF PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES AND BECAUSE OF\n. )\nTHE INACCURATE USE OF PLANT CAPACITY AND MANPOWER.\nshird the life United a then\nTHESE men WHO KNOW AS MUCH ABOUT OUR ECONOMY AS\nANY IN THE COUNTRY WERE NOT CORRECT IN THEIR JUDGMENTS.\nhome as he { clear the they when\nI BELIEVE IT IS IN PART BECAUSE OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE THAT\nIN OTHER DAYS AND PARTICULARLY IN OTHER COUNTRIES DEFICITS\nhe the Fedul a T middlen. into they No\nfame they low Fill the nuter was put the ty ) amy\nA3\n4\nHAVE INEVITABLY BROUGHT STRONG INFLATIONARY PRESSURES.\nam worgesty\nLET ME MAKE IT CLEAR THAT I RECOGNIZE THAT\nme defered\nCoved ur\nIRRESPONSIBLE BUDGET POLICIES CAN BRING INFLATIONARY\neasemed\nPRESSURES AGAIN IN THIS COUNTRY AS OTHER EXCESSIVE\nWAGE AND PRICE POLICIES. WHAT I AM SUGGESTING IS THAT\nTHE PROBLEM OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY AND THE\nS/\nBALANCE OF PAYMENT PRESENT COMPLEX AND SUBTLE CHALLENGES\nhas prictred,\"\nFOR WHICH TECHNICAL ANSWERS MUST BE PROVIDED.\nTHESE ARE MATTERS UPON WHICH GOVERNMENT AND\nBUSINESS MAY DISAGREE. THEY ARE CERTAINLY MATTERS THAT\nGOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS SHOULD BE DISCUSSING IN THE\nMOST SOBER, DISPASSIONATE AND CAREFUL WAY IF WE ARE\nTO MAINTAIN THE KIND OF VIGOROUS ECONOMY UPON WHICH\nOUR COMMON SECURITY DEPENDS.\n30\nhow is it to be defined and organized\nand expressed?\nHow can we develop and sustain strong\nand stable world markets for basic\ncommodities without unfairness to the\nconsumer and without unreasonable\nstimulus to producers?\nHow can we generate the buying power\nwhich will absorb the products of our\nfactories and farms?\nHow can we share the benefits and\nburdens of technical progress, and how\ncan we make sure that the bnefits to\nsome are not offset by the burdens\non others? How can we take advantage\nof the miracles of automation, with its\npremium on highly trained labor,\n22 31\nand yet offer employment to the half a\nmillion of unskilled school drop-outs\nwho enter the labor market every year?\nHow do we eradicate the barriers\nwhich separate substantial minorities\nof our citizens from access to\nopportunities for education and\nemployment on equal terms with the rest?\nHow, in sum, can we make our free\neconomy work at full capacity --- that\nis, provide adequate profits for\nenterprise, adequate wages for labor,\nadequate utilization of plan and\nadequate opportunity for all?\n32\nThese are the problems that we\nshould be talking about -- the real\nproblems of our age. They cannot be\nsolved by incantations from the\nforgotten past. But the example of\nWestern Europe shows that they are\ncapable of solution -- that governments,\nand many of them are conservative\ngovernments, prepared to face technical\nproblems without ideological\npreconceptions, can coordinate the\nelements of a national economy to\nbring about unexampled growth and\nprosperity.\nSome conversations I have recently\nheard -- and overheard -- in our\nown country sound like old records,\n3433\nlong-playing, left over from the middle\nthirities. The debate of the thirties\nhad its great significance and produced\nits great results. But it took place in\na different world with different needs\nand different tasks. It is our\nresponsibility today to live in our own\nworld -- and to identify the needs and\ndischarge the tasks of the nineteen\nsixties.\nIf there is any current trend\ntoward meeting present problems with\nancient cliches, this is the moment to\nstop it -- before it lands us all in a\nbog of sterile acrimony.\nDiscussion is essential; and I am\nhopeful that the debate of recent weeks,\n34\nthough up to now somewhat barren, may\nrepresent the start of a serious\ndialogue of the kind which has led in\nEurope to such fruitful collaboration\namong all the elements of economic\nsociety and to a decade of unrivalled\neconomic progress. But let us not\nengage in the wrong argument at the\nwrong time between the wrong people\nin the wrong country -- while the\nreal problems of our own time grow\nand multiply, fertilized by our\nneglect.\nNearly 150 years ago Thomas\nJefferson wrote, \"The new circumstances\nunder which we are placed call for\nnew words, new phrases, and for the\ntransfer of old words to new objects.\"\n35\nthe send ten\nThat is our need today -- and it\nshould also be our ambition -- to\n25 is am respunding an u tyerys\nreplace imaginary issues by real,\nJuly\nand tired slogans by fresh insight.\nAs we work in concert to meet the\nhave will will imp im\nauthentic problems of our own time,\nwe will generate an energy and vision\nwhich will demonstrate anew to the\nworld the superior vitality and\nstrength of the free society.\nher wnd here plane-\nthe Tran fer I ed and The t - w\nmayor mummar Air them trady when Jeffer mhat L. with\nhuman the vir Jan une\nFILED IN THE PRESIDENT'S OFFICE\nFILES: :SPEECH FILES: VALUABLE DOCUMENTS\n8\nFor the great enemy of the truth is\nvery often not the lie -- deliverate,\ncontrived and dishonest -- but the myth -\npersistent, persuasive and unrealistic.\nToo often we hold fast to the cliches of\nour forebears. We subject all facts to a\nPrefrabricated set of interpretations. We\nenjoy the comfort of opinion without the\ndiscomfort of thought.\nMythology distracts us everywhere --\nin government as in business, in politics\nas in economics, in foreign affairs as in\ndomestic policy. But today I want\nparticularly to consider myth and reality\nin our national economy. In recent months\nmany have Gome I believe\nExcerpts from Robert A. Dahl and Charles E. Lindblom,\nPolitics, Economics, and Welfare, New York, 1953.\n/Dahl is a Yale political scientist, Lindblom a Yale economist.\n\"In economic life the possibilities for rational social\naction, for planning, for reform--in short, for solving problems\n--depend not upon our choice among mythical grand alternatives\nbut largely upon choice among particular social techniques.\" (p.6)\n\" techniques and not 'isms' are the kernel of rational\nsocial action in the Western world.\" (p. 16)\n\"In economic organization and reform, the 'great issues' are\nno longer the great issues, if ever they were. It has become in-\ncreasingly difficult for thoughtful men to find meaningful alterna-\ntives posed in the traditional choices between socialism and\ncapitalism, planning and the free market, regulation and laissez\nfaire, for they find their actual choices neither so simple nor so\ngrand. Not so simple, because economic organization poses knotty\nproblems that can only be solved by painstaking attention to technical\ndetails--how else, for example, can inflation be controlled? Nor\nso grand, because, at least in the Western world, most people\nneither can nor wish to experiment with the whole pattern of socio-\neconomic organization to attain goals more easily won.\" (p. 3)\nREMARKS OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY\nYALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, JUNE 11, 1962\nJOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY, President of the United States.\nYou have brought to the White House a spirit which has opened\nour eyes to prospects of new achievement in our own country, in\nthe world, and in the infinite reaches of space. You have reminded\nus that we have a future worthy of our past. An historian yourself,\nyou have accepted the responsibility of power and with it the\njudgment of history, which honors boldness yet holds men sternly\naccountable for their acts. The courage and resourcefulness you\nshowed on active duty in wartime stand by you now in a time of\npeace that is not peace and war that is not war. Yale honors you in\nyour lonely task and confers upon you the degree of Doctor of\nLaws.\nAlfred Whitney Griswold\nREMARKS OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY\nYALE UNIVERSITY, NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT\nJUNE 11, 1962\nPresident Griswold, members of the faculty, graduates and their\nfamilies, ladies and gentlemen: Let me begin by expressing my ap-\npreciation for the very deep honor that you have conferred upon\nme. As General DeGaulle occasionally acknowledges America to be\nthe daughter of Europe, so I am pleased to come to Yale, the daugh-\nter of Harvard. It might be said now that I have the best of both\nworlds, a Harvard education and a Yale degree.\nI am particularly glad to become a Yale man because, as I\nthink about my troubles, I find that a lot of them have come from\nother Yale men. Among businessmen I have had a minor disagree-\nment with Roger Blough, of the Law School class of 1931, and I\nhave had some complaints too from my friend Henry Ford, of the\nclass of 1940. In journalism, I seem to have a difference with John\nHay Whitney, of the class of 1926-and sometimes I also displease\ntable challenges. But its problems are not our problems. Their age\nHenry Luce of the class of 1920, not to mention also William F.\nis not our age. As every past generation has had to disenthrall itself\nBuckley, Jr., of the class of 1950. I even have some trouble with my\nfrom an inheritance of truism and stereotype, so in our own time\nYale advisors. I get along with them, but I am not always sure how\nwe must move on from the reassuring repetition of stale phrases to\nthey get along with each other.\na new, difficult but essential confrontation with reality.\nSo this Administration which aims at peaceful cooperation\nFor the great enemy of the truth is very often not the lie-\namong all Americans has been the victim of a certain natural pug-\ndeliberate, contrived and dishonest-but the myth-persistent,\nnacity developed in this city among Yale men. Now that I, too, am\npersuasive and unrealistic. Too often we hold fast to the clichés of\na Yale man, it is time for peace. Last week at West Point, in the\nour forebears. We subject all facts to a prefabricated set of interpre-\nhistoric tradition of that Academy, I availed myself of the powers\ntations. We enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of\nof Commander-in-Chief to remit all sentences of offending cadets.\nIn that same spirit, and in the historic tradition of Yale, let me now\nthought.\noffer to smoke the clay pipe of friendship with all of my brother\nEli's, and I hope that they may be friends not only with me but even\nwith each other.\nI have been checking to see what earlier links existed between\nMythology distracts us everywhere-in government as in busi-\nthe institution of the Presidency and Yale. I found that a member\nness, in politics as in economics, in foreign affairs as in domestic\nof the class of 1878, William Howard Taft, served one term in the\npolicy. But today I want to particularly consider the myth and\nWhite House as preparation for becoming a member of this faculty.\nreality in our national economy. In recent months many have come\nAnd a graduate of 1804, John C. Calhoun, regarded the Vice Pres-\nto feel, as I do, that the dialogue between the parties-between busi-\nidency as too lowly a station for a Yale alumnus-and became the\nness and government-is clogged by illusion and platitude and fails\nonly man in history ever to resign that office.\nto reflect the true realities of contemporary American society.\nI speak of these matters here at Yale because of the self-evident\ntruth that a great university is always enlisted against the spread of\nillusion and on the side of reality. No one has said it more clearly\nthan your President Griswold: \"Liberal learning is both a safe-\nCalhoun in 1804 and Taft in 1878 graduated into a world very\nguard against false ideas of freedom and a source of true ones.\"\ndifferent from ours today. They and their contemporaries spent\nYour role as university men, whatever your calling, will be to in-\nentire careers stretching over 40 years in grappling with a few dra-\ncrease each new generation's grasp of its new duties.\nmatic issues on which the nation was sharply and emotionally di-\nvided, issues that occupied the attention of a generation at a time:\nthe National Bank, the disposal of the public lands, nullification or\nunion, freedom or slavery, gold or silver.\nToday these old sweeping issues very largely have disappeared.\nThere are three grèat areas of our domestic affairs in which,\nThe central domestic issues of our time are more subtle and less\ntoday, there is a danger that illusion may prevent effective action.\nsimple. They relate, not to basic clashes of philosophy or ideology,\nThey are, first, the question of the size and the shape of govern-\nbut to ways and means of reaching common goals-to the search for\nment's responsibilities; second, the question of public fiscal policy;\nsophisticated solutions to complex and obstinate issues. The world\nand third, the matter of confidence, business confidence or public\nof Calhoun, the world of Taft had its own hard problems and no-\nconfidence-or simply confidence in America. I want to talk about\nall three, and I want to talk about them carefully and dispassion-\nYale, which has contributed so much to our national progress in\nately-and I emphasize that I am concerned here not with political\nscience and medicine, it may be proper for me to mention one\ndebate but with finding ways to separate false problems from real\ngreat and little-noticed expansion of government which has\nones.\nbrought strength to our whole society: the new role of our federal\nIf a contest in angry argument were forced upon it, no Adminis-\ngovernment as the major patron of research in science and in med-\ntration could shrink from response, and history does not suggest\nicine. Few people realize that in 1961, in support of all university\nthat American Presidents are totally without resources in an en-\nresearch in science and medicine, three dollars out of every four\ngagement forced upon them because of hostility in one sector of so-\ncame from the federal government. I need hardly point out that\nciety. But in the wider national interest, we need not partisan\nthis has taken place without undue enlargement of government\nwrangling, but common concentration on common problems. I\ncontrol-that American scientists remain second to none in their in-\ncome this morning to ask you to join in this great task.\ndependence and in their individualism.\nI am not suggesting that federal expenditures cannot bring\nsome measure of control. The whole thrust of federal expenditures\nin agriculture has been related by purpose and design to control as\na means of dealing with the problems created by our growing agri-\ncultural productivity. Each sector of activity must be approached\nLet us take first the question of the size and shape of govern-\non its own merits and in terms of specific national needs. General-\nment. The myth here is that government is big, and bad-and\nities in regard to federal expenditures, therefore, can be misleading\nsteadily getting bigger and worse. Obviously this myth has some ex-\n-each case, science, urban renewal, education, agriculture, natural\ncuse for existence. It is true that in recent history each new Admin-\nresources, must be determined on its merits if we are to profit from\nistration has spent much more money than its predecessor. Thus\nour unrivaled ability to combine the strength of public and private\nPresident Roosevelt outspent President Hoover and, with allow-\npurpose.\nances for the special case of the Second World War, President Tru-\nman outspent President Roosevelt. Just to prove that this was not\na partisan matter, President Eisenhower outspent President Tru-\nman by the handsome figure of $182 billion. It is even possible,\nsome think, that this trend may continue.\nNext, let us turn to the problem of our fiscal policy. Here the\nBut does it follow that big government is growing relatively\nmyths are legion and the truth hard to find. But let me take as a\nbigger? It does not-for the fact is for the last 15 years, the federal\nprime example the problem of the federal budget. We persist in\ngovernment-and also the federal debt-and also the federal bu-\nmeasuring our federal fiscal integrity today by the conventional\nreaucracy-have grown less rapidly than the economy as a whole.\nor administrative budget-with results which would be regarded as\nIf we leave defense and space expenditures aside, the federal gov-\nabsurd in any business firm-in any country of Europe-or in any\nernment since the Second World War has expanded less than any\ncareful assessment of the reality of our national finances. The ad-\nother major sector of our national life-less than industry, less than\nministrative budget has sound administrative uses. But for wider\ncommerce, less than agriculture, less than higher education, and\npurposes it is less helpful. It omits our special trust funds; it neg-\nvery much less than the noise about big government.\nlects changes in assets or inventories; it cannot tell a loan from a\nThe truth about big government is the truth about any other\nstraight expenditure; and, worst of all, it cannot distinguish be-\ngreat activity-it is complex. Certainly it is true that size brings\ntween operating expenditures and long-term investments.\ndangers-but it is also true that size can bring benefits. Here at\nThis budget-in relation to the great problems of federal fiscal\npolicy-is not simply irrelevant; it can be actively misleading. And\nwill live up to their responsibilities. If business were to neglect its\nyet there is a mythology that measures all of our national soundness\nobligations to the public; if labor were blind to all public re-\nor unsoundness on the single simple basis of this same annual ad-\nsponsibility; above all, if government were to abandon its obvious\nministrative budget. If our federal budget is to serve, not the de-\n-and statutory-duty of watchful concern for our economic health\nbate, but the country, we must and will find ways of clarifying this\n-if any of these things should happen, then confidence might well\narea of discourse.\nbe weakened and the danger of stagnation would increase. This is\nStill in the area of fiscal policy, let me say a word about def-\nthe true issue of confidence.\nicits. The myth persists that federal deficits create inflation and\nBut there is also the false issue-and its simplest form is the as-\nbudget surpluses prevent it. Yet sizeable budget surpluses after the\nsertion that any and all unfavorable turns of the speculative wheel-\nwar did not prevent inflation, and persistent deficits for the last\nhowever temporary and however plainly speculative in character-\nseveral years have not upset our basic price stability. Obviously def-\nare the result of \"lack of confidence in the national administra-\nicits are sometimes dangerous-and so are surpluses. But honest\ntion.\" This I must tell you, while comforting, is not wholly true.\nassessment plainly requires a more sophisticated view than the old\nWorse, it obscures the reality-which is also simple. The solid\nand automatic cliché that deficits automatically bring inflation.\nground of mutual confidence is the necessary partnership of gov-\nernment with all of the sectors of our society in the steady quest for\neconomic progress.\nCorporate plans are not based on a political confidence in party\nleaders but on an economic confidence in the nation's ability to in-\nvest and produce and consume. Business had full confidence in the\nThere are myths also about our public debt. It is widely sup-\nAdministrations in power in 1929, 1954, 1958, and 1960-but this\nposed that this debt is growing at a dangerously rapid rate. In fact,\nwas not enough to prevent recession when business lacked full con-\nboth the debt per person and the debt as a proportion of our gross\nfidence in the economy. What matters is the capacity of the nation\nnational product have declined sharply since the Second World\nas a whole to deal with its economic problems and its opportunities.\nWar. In absolute terms the national debt increased only 8 per cent,\nwhile private debt was increasing 305 per cent, and the debts of\nstate and local governments increased 378 per cent. Moreover,\ndebts, public and private, are neither good nor bad, in and of them-\nselves. Borrowing can lead to overextension and collapse-but it\ncan also lead to expansion and strength. There is no single, simple\nThe stereotypes I have been discussing distract our attention\nslogan in this field that we can trust.\nand divide our effort. These stereotypes do our nation a disservice,\nnot just because they are exhausted and irrelevant, but above all\nbecause they are misleading-because they stand in the way of the\nsolution of hard and complicated problems. It is not new that past\ndebates should obscure present realities. But the damage of such a\nfalse dialogue is greater today than ever before simply because to-\nFinally, I come to the problem of confidence. Confidence is a\nday the safety of all the world-the very future of freedom-depends\nmatter of myth and also a matter of truth-and this time let me take\nas never before upon the sensible and clear-headed management of\nthe truth of the matter first.\nthe domestic affairs of the United States.\nIt is true-and of high importance-that the prosperity of this\nThe real issues of our time are rarely so dramatic as the issues\ncountry depends on assurance that all major elements within it\nof the age of Calhoun. The differences today are usually matters of\ndegree. And we cannot understand and attack our contemporary\nkets for basic commodities without unfairness to the consumer and\nproblems in 1962 if we are bound by traditional labels and worn-\nwithout undue stimulus to the producer?\nout slogans of an earlier era. The unfortunate fact of the matter is\nHow can we generate the buying power which can consume\nthat our rhetoric has not kept pace with the speed of social and\nwhat we produce on our farms and in our factories?\neconomic change. Our political debates, our public discourse-on\nHow can we take advantage of the miracles of automation with\ncurrent domestic and economic issues-too often bear little or no\nthe great demand that it will put upon highly skilled labor and yet\nrelation to the actual problems the United States faces.\noffer employment to the half million of unskilled school dropouts\nWhat is at stake in our economic decisions today is, not some\neach year which enter the labor market, eight million of them in\ngrand warfare of rival ideologies which will sweep the country\nthe 1960's?\nwith passion, but the practical management of a modern economy.\nHow do we eradicate the barriers which separate substantial\nWhat we need is not labels and cliches but more basic discussion of\nminorities of our citizens from access to education and employment\nthe sophisticated and technical questions involved in keeping a\non equal terms with the rest?\ngreat economic machine moving ahead.\nHow, in sum, can we make our free economy work at full ca-\nThe national interest lies in high employment and steady ex-\npacity-that is, provide adequate profits for enterprise, adequate\npansion of output, in stable prices, and a strong dollar. The decla-\nwages for labor, adequate utilization of plant and adequate oppor-\nration of such objectives is easy; their attainment in an intricate\ntunity for all?\nand interdependent economy and world is a little more difficult.\nTo attain them, we require not automatic response but hard\nthought. Let me end by suggesting a few of the real questions on\nour national agenda.\nLet me give several examples from my experience of the com-\nplexity of these matters and how political labels and ideological ap-\nproaches are irrelevant to their solution.\nLast week, a distinguished graduate of this school, Senator\nHow can our budget and tax policies supply adequate revenues\nProxmire, of the class of 1938, who is ordinarily regarded as a lib-\nand preserve our balance of payments position without slowing up\neral Democrat, suggested that we should follow in meeting our\nour economic growth?\neconomic problems a stiff fiscal policy, with emphasis on budget\nHow are we to set our interest rates and regulate the flow of\nbalance, and an easy monetary policy with low interest rates in\nmoney in ways which will stimulate the economy at home, without\norder to keep our economy going. In the same week, the Bank for\nweakening the dollar abroad? Given the spectrum of our domestic\nInternational Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, a conservative or-\nand international responsibilities, what should be the mix between\nganization representing the central bankers of Europe, suggested\nfiscal and monetary policy?\nthat the appropriate economic policy in the United States should\nWith the necessity of maintaining our competitive position in\nbe the very opposite; that we should follow a flexible budget pol-\nthe world, what should be the price and wage policies of our basic\nicy as in Europe, with deficits when the economy is down, and a high\nindustries? Is there a public interest in such price and wage deci-\nmonetary policy on interest rates in Europe in order to control in-\nsions, and, if so, how is it to be defined and organized and ex-\nflation and protect gold.\npressed?\nBoth may be right or wrong. It will depend on many different\nHow can we develop and sustain strong and stable world mar-\nfactors. The point is that this is basically an administrative or exec-\nutive problem to which political labels or clichés do not give us a\nway if we are to maintain the kind of vigorous economy upon\nsolution.\nwhich our country depends.\nA well-known business journal this morning, as I journeyed to\nNew Haven, raised the prospect that a further budget deficit would\nbring inflation and encourage the flow of gold. We have had sev-\neral budget deficits beginning with a $121/2 billion deficit in 1958,\nand it is true that in the Fall of 1960 we had a dollar loss running\nThese are the problems that we should be talking about-that\nat $5 billion annually. This would seem to prove the case that a\nthe political parties and the various groups in our country should\ndeficit produces inflation and that we lose gold. Yet there was no\nbe discussing. They cannot be solved by incantations from the for-\ninflation following the deficit of 1958, nor has there been infla-\ngotten past. But the example of Western Europe shows that they\ntion since then.\nare capable of solution-that governments, and many of them are\nOur wholesale price index since 1958 has remained completely\nconservative governments, prepared to face technical problems\nlevel in spite of several deficits. The loss of gold has been due to\nwithout ideological preconceptions, can coordinate the elements of\nother reasons: relative interest rates, relative export-import bal-\na national economy to bring about growth and prosperity-a decade\nof it.\nance, national security expenditures-all the rest.\nLet me give you a third and final example. At the World Bank\nSome conversations I have heard in our own country sound\nmeeting in September in Vienna, a number of American bankers\nlike old records, long-playing, left over from the middle Thirties.\npredicted to their European colleagues that because of the Fiscal\nThe debate of the Thirties had its great significance and produced\n1962 budget deficit, there would be a strong inflationary pressure\ngreat results. But it took place in a different world with different\non the dollar and a loss of gold. Their predictions of inflation were\nneeds and different tasks. It is our responsibility today to live in\nshared by many in business and helped push the market up. The\nour own world-and to identify the needs and discharge the tasks\nof the 1960's.\nrecent reality of non-inflation helped bring it down. We have had\nno inflation because we have had other factors in our economy\nIf there is any current trend toward meeting present problems\nthat have contributed to price stability.\nwith old clichés, this is the moment to stop it-before it lands us all\nI do not suggest that the government is right and businessmen\nin a bog of sterile acrimony.\nare wrong. The fact of the matter is that in the Federal Reserve\nDiscussion is essential; and I am hopeful that the debate of\nBoard and in the Administration this Fall, a similar view was held\nrecent weeks, though up to now somewhat barren, may represent\nby many well-informed and disinterested men: that inflation was\nthe start of a serious dialogue of the kind which has led in Europe\nthe major problem we would face in the Winter of 1962. It was not.\nto such fruitful collaboration among all the elements of economic\nWhat I do suggest is that these problems are endlessly complicated.\nsociety and to a decade of unrivaled economic progress. But let us\nYet they go to the future of this country and its ability to prove to\nnot engage in the wrong argument at the wrong time between the\nthe world what we believe it must prove.\nwrong people in the wrong country-while the real problems of our\nI am suggesting that the problems of fiscal and monetary pol-\nown time grow and multiply, fertilized by our neglect.\nicies in the Sixties are different from the kinds of problems we\nfaced in the Thirties, and present subtle challenges for which\ntechnical answers, not political answers, must be provided. These\nare matters upon which government and business may and in many\ncases will disagree. They are certainly matters that the government\nNearly 150 years ago Thomas Jefferson wrote, \"The new\nand business should be discussing in the most sober, dispassionate\ncircumstances under which we are placed call for new words, new\nphrases, and for the transfer of old words to new objects.\" That is\ntruer today than it was in the time of Jefferson, because the role of\nthis country is so vastly more significant.\nThere is a show in England called \"Stop the World, I Want to\nGet Off.\" You have chosen not to exercise that option. You are part\nof the world and you must participate in these days of our years in\nthe solution of the problems that pour upon us requiring the most\ninformed and technical judgment.\nAs we work in consonance to meet the authentic problems of\nour times, we will generate a vision and an energy which will dem-\nonstrate anew to the world the superior vitality and strength of the\nfree society.\nFinal version authorized for publication by President Kennedy, July 17, 1962."
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