Youth Development/Afterschool/Violence-Chicago Study Neighborhood Cohesion [2]
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OCR Page 1 of 37U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
National Institute of Justice
National Institute of Justice
Research
i
B
e
f
Jeremy Travis, Director
February 1997
Issues and Findings
Project on Human Development in
Discussed in this Brief: The key
milestones reached by the Project
Chicago Neighborhoods: A Research
on Human Development in Chi-
cago Neighborhoods, an unprec-
edented longitudinal study
Update
supported by the National Institute
of Justice and the John D. and
by Felton J. Earls, Harvard School of Public Health, and Christy A. Visher, National Institute of Justice
Catherine T. MacArthur Founda-
tion.
How do individual personalities, family
A study of Chicago's
Key issues: The Project's 8-year
relationships, school environment, and
neighborhoods
research study will attempt to de-
type of community interact to contribute
termine how individual personali-
to delinquency and criminal behavior?
The Project's unique vision is to examine
individuals and their communities-as
ties, family relationships, school
The Project on Human Development in
well as individuals in their communi-
environment, and type of commu-
Chicago Neighborhoods is an unprec-
nity interact to contribute to delin-
ties-as both change over time. In 1990,
edented longitudinal study that aims to
quency and criminal behavior over
the Project convened a planning work-
answer this question by examining the
time. In the Project's first 2 years,
shop that resulted in a community design
development of delinquency, criminal be-
researchers gathered data using
for data collection efforts. Three measures
havior, and substance abuse from birth to
the following measures: a commu-
were developed:
young adulthood, with a particular focus
nity survey, social observation, a
survey of neighborhood experts,
on the effects of community and neigh-
A community survey of randomly drawn
and interviews with 7,000 children
borhood contexts on individual behavior.
adult household residents in all neighbor-
and adolescents and their primary
The National Institute of Justice, in part-
hoods in the city limits of Chicago.
caregivers as part of the first wave
nership with the John D. and Catherine
of a longitudinal cohort study.
T. MacArthur Foundation, is supporting
An observational study of a subsample
Although the researchers are ob-
this project to generate informed recom-
of 80 neighborhoods from which the lon-
serving areas throughout Chicago,
mendations for crime prevention and in-
gitudinal cohort study sample is being
they have identified 80 neighbor-
tervention strategies.
obtained.
hoods as the focus for the longitu-
dinal cohort study.
The Project is combining two studies into
A survey of neighborhood experts—
a single integrated design: a series of
leaders in each community-from the 80
Preliminary findings: The com-
munity survey drew responses
data collection efforts at the community
neighborhoods in the observational study.
from more than 8,700 adult resi-
level and a longitudinal cohort study. In
With the help of two subcontractors, Abt
dents of neighborhoods through-
1996, the Project on Human Develop-
Associates and the National Opinion Re-
out Chicago. Respondents
ment in Chicago Neighborhoods reached
expressed their opinions on topics
several important milestones. This Re-
search Center, the Project completed
these measures in 1995 and 1996.
such as perceived violence, neigh-
search in Brief highlights the Project's
borhood decline, stability and co-
recent accomplishments and reviews the
hesion, signs of disorder, and social
status of the Project.¹
continued
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