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Nicole Rabner's Files
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Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a publication.
Publications have not been scanned in their entirety for the purpose
of digitization. To see the full publication please search online or
visit the Clinton Presidential Library's Research Room.
/ 1.1 BALD RUTINS TRUTHS
J.S.News
AUGUST 4, 1997/$2.95
EXCLUSIVE
Dangerous
Day Care
Some parents have
learned in the
hardest way that
day-care licensing
and regulation,
even when they
exist. are no
ftheir
afety
Return to Nicole
slowly gathering ideas in public
First Lady
events, asking questions and refrain-
White House Awaits
ing from putting forth a big legisla-
tive agenda.
Reno Ruling on Gore
Is Low Key
She is convening a conference at
the White House on Oct. 23 to pro-
By The New York Times
mote further discussion, Marsha
Berry, a spokeswoman for Mrs. Clin-
WASHINGTON, Oct. 1 - The
On Overhaul
ton, said it was too early to say if any
White House today played down the
legislative proposals would emerge.
significance of Attorney General
Of Child-Care
To be sure, Mrs. Clinton has not
Janet Reno's expected decision to
glossed over aspects of child care
expand a Justice Department inqui-
that could become extremely contro-
ry into whether to seek an independ-
versial. She said today that she want-
ent prosecutor to investigate Vice
By KATHARINE Q. SEELYE
ed to explore Government subsidies
President Al Gore's telephone fund-
QUANTICO, Va., Oct. 1 - In a day
for day care and that she was seek-
raising calls.
packed with a half-dozen public
ing ways to limit liability for child-
Ms. Reno has until Friday to de-
events to promote good child care,
care providers.
cide whether to open a 90-day prelim-
Hillary Rodham Clinton demonstrat-
"You can't expect businesses or
inary investigation into whether
ed today that she had learned some
private homes to offer child care
there is solid evidence that Mr. Gore
lessons from the failure of her 1994
unless they have some assurance
violated a criminal law during the
campaign to enact national health
that they can be protected from the
1996 Presidential campaign. She has
insurance.
unforeseen and accidental kinds of
until Oct. 15 to decide whether to
She told an audience in Miami that
mishaps that happen in anybody's
expand a similar inquiry involving
advocating a number of big changes
household," Mrs. Clinton, an erst-
President Clinton's fund-raising.
at once can overwhelm people and
while litigator, said in Miami. "And
Ms. Reno has not said what she
that small, incremental changes
trying to walk that line between tak-
will do, but Government officials,
were more realistic. And she spent
ing out the grossly negligent, reck-
speaking on the condition of anonym-
the afternoon at the sprawling Ma-
less, intentional mistreatment from
ity, said Justice Department lawyers
rine base here in Virginia highlight-
the every-day kinds of problems that
had recommended that she move to
ing the commitment to child care of
we encounter is something we have
the next phase of the inquiry, which
an important political ally - the
to deal with on the national level."
could lead her to refer the case to an
military, which runs the nation's
In addition, Mrs. Clinton expressed
outside prosecutor. Those recom-
largest child-care system. (At Quan-
interest in devising a national regis-
mendations are included in a draft of
tico, child care costs $120 a week,
try of child-care workers so that par-
a letter to be sent to the chairman of
with the Government paying half.)
ents could check on their employ-
the House Judiciary Committee.
In a colorful, toy-filled child-care
ment histories. She said such a regis-
The White House press secretary,
center, Mrs. Clinton chatted with
try might include not only people
Michael D. McCurry, told reporters
children and joined them in stringing
convicted of crimes but those against
today: "It would not be unreasonable
beads onto necklaces.
whom there are only allegations.
if the Attorney General wanted to
Later, in a brief speech outside the
But she appears to be avoiding the
take some additional time to review
base's brick headquarters, with a
kind of confrontational approach
what the law is. It's not unreasonable
brass band lending a pep-rally at-
with Republicans on Capitol Hill and
to assume she might do that."
mosphere, Mrs. Clinton praised what
lobbyists for small businesses that
she called the Marines' "model pro-
marked the health-care debate.
gram" of child care. "I wanted to
Today Mrs. Clinton said she recog-
come here to see how we're taking
nized the difficulties that small busi-
care of the families who are on the
nesses have in responding to national
front lines for America," she said.
policy, and she appealed to commu-
Mrs. Clinton has clearly undertak-
nity leaders to help devise creative
en a mission to improve the often
ways for small businesses to be able
unreliable, expensive and low quality
to afford child care.
Times
of child care in America, just as she
"They get spooked off by the nay-
sought to overhaul health care in the
saying voices who tell them it's going
nation and education in Arkansas
to be impossible, and it is impossible,
when her husband was Governor
if you think about it in a rigid way,"
there.
she said this morning at a round-
But there has been no splashy an-
table discussion at the Baptist Hospi-
nouncement, as there was when
tal in Miami. "With small business-
President Clinton pronounced his
es, we often hit the wall."
wife the most capable person to lead
Later; in a discussion about public
the health-care fight, saying, "Of all
interest commercials on radio and
the people I've ever worked with in
television to warn parents about
my life; she's better at organizing
abuse, Mrs. Clinton acknowledged
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1997
and leading people from a complex
that making 30-second commercials
beginning to a certain end."
was expensive. When a local televi-
Rather, the First Lady has set out
sion executive suggested that the
in a relatively low-key way to prove
tion take the money it spends operat-
that she is not trying to usher in the
ing Congress and divert it instead to
kind of radical changes that her
such commercials, Mrs. Clinton in-
health-care critics accused her of.
stantly warmed to the idea.
And she appears eager to signal that
"Well, I'll tell you what," she be-
she has learned her lesson.
gan eagerly, as if a chance to abolish
As part of her drive to change
were abolish Congress were a dream
health care, Mrs. Clinton gathered a
come true. But she stopped herself,
select group of experts, met in secret
grinned broadly and let the moment
and emerged with one huge proposal
[Inan In Imaghter with the midiance
to change the system from top to
bottom. Now, with child-care, she is
By TODD S. PURDUM
The Morgan case prompted such
she transferred to the Federa
LOS ANGELES, Oct. 1 - It is a
outrage that Congress passed a spe-
ropolitan Detention Center in do
curiosity that cuts against the grain
cial law limiting to 12 months the
town Los Angeles.
time that a District of Columbia resi-
of basic American notions of fair-
Mrs. McDougal said in a recent
ness: a citizen not convicted of any
dent could be jailed on a civil con-
telephone interview that she was
crime - or even charged with one -
tempt citation.
now being held under "infinitely bet-
Civil contempt citations are a
ter" conditions. She is allowed out of
can be held in jail for months on end,
time-honored tactic relied on by the
her cell between 6:30 A.M. and 9:30
simply for refusing to answer a
courts since medieval times to com-
court's questions. It also happens to
P.M. daily into a room with tables,
be a well-settled practice of Anglo-
pel compliance with the legal pro-
chairs, television, telephones and
cess, whatever the merits of the case
Saxon jurisprudence.
board games like Scrabble, though
Questions on Accepted Legal Practice
But every now and again, the tac-
at hand. Legal theory says they are
she said her cell is "about the same,"
tic of jailing a reluctant witness for
justified because they are meant to
with just a cot, toilet and sink.
civil contempt of court catches the
persunde " withous to cooporate with
Rod Rosenstein, all associate spo-
public's eye in a celebrated case. The
a legitimate inquiry, not to punish.
clal counsel in Mr. Starr's office,
latest example of this phenomenon is
In Mrs. McDougal's case, Mr.
said, "Ken Starr had nothing to do
Reluctant Witness in Whitewater a Fairness
the case of Susan Henley McDougal,
Starr has promised her immunity
with the conditions of confinement,
who has spent 55 weeks in jail cells in
from prosecution for any crime, oth-
and the independent counsel's office
Arkansas, Texas and California,
er than perjury, that her testimony
has never taken any action to alter
often in solitary confinement, for re-
might bring up. That pledge essen-
Mrs. McDougal's condition of con-
fusing to testify before the special
tially trumps her constitutional right
finement."
Federal grand jury investigating the
against self-incrimination under the
But Mark Rosenbaum, the legal
Whitewater affair.
Fifth Amendment. But both because
director of the A.C.L.U. chapter here,
By her lights, she is the heroine of
of her determined refusal to talk, and
said Mrs. McDougal had ultimately
a modern-day "Count of Monte Cris-
because the case involves the Presi-
been transferred because Mr.
to," an innocent hauled off in hand-
dent of the United States, Mrs. Mc-
Starr's office did not want the expo-
cuffs and leg irons by an unjust jail-
Dougal stands out.
sure of a public hearing in which it
er. To the Whitewater prosecutors,
Civil contempt charges are not
would have been called to explain the
she is a convicted "Federal crimi-
used very often, said Skip Donau, a
conditions in which she was held.
nal" who has been promised immu-
lawyer in Tucson, Ariz., who is the
"The only reason she got released
nity from further prosecution based
co-chairman of the lawyers' strike
to where she should be in the first
on her testimony and has the power
force of the National Association of
place was because Starr's office did
to free herself from her contempt
Criminal Defense Lawyers. He once
not want a hearing where they had to
citation at any time by answering
represented the reputed Mafia lead-
justify the exceptional treatment,"
questions about her former business
er Joseph Bonnano, who spent sev-
Mr. Rosenbaum said. "If they'd been
partner, Bill Clinton.
eral months in a Federal prison for
on the up and up, they would have
"This issue comes up from time to
refusing to testify at the so-called
resisted the order to show cause. No
time, and there always seems to be
Mafia Commission trial in New York
one I know who's experienced with
dissatisfaction with it," said Erwin
in the 1980's.
reluctant grand jury witnesses had
Chemerinksy, a professor of consti-
Defense lawyers and prosecutors
ever head of conditions like those
tutional law at the University of
say that in recent years, the tactic
Susan was subjected to."
Southern California. "It is well estab-
has probably been used most often in
Under court precedents, a civil
lished that courts have this power,
child custody cases involving paren-
contempt sentence is meant only to
but it does point up an underlying
tal abductions, in which one parent
induce compliance, not to constitute
problem, which is that a court can
refuses to tell the other the where-
punishment, and courts have held
lock up someone for a very long time
abouts of their child or children.
that if it is established that a witness
without criminal charges, and that's
In Mrs. McDougal's case, what is
will never cooperate, he or she must
something worth being troubled
more controversial than the con-
be released or a prosecutor must
over."
tempt citation itself is why she was
bring criminal contempt charges.
Stephen C. Yeazell, a professor of
held for seven months in two grim
"When you get past coercion and
law and associate dean at the Uni-
county jails here earlier this year.
into the land of punitive treatment,
versity of California at Los Angeles
With her former husband, James B.
then the citation should be purged,"
law school, called civil contempt
McDougal, Mrs. McDougal was a
said Mrs. McDougal's lawyer here,
"the nuclear bomb of equity juris-
manager of the failed Madison Guar-
Mark Geragos. But in June, Judge
prudence, the ultimate kind of per-
anty Savings and Loan. In an inquiry
Wright denied Mrs. McDougal's peti-
sonal coercive sanction," one used in
stemming from that failure, she was
tion for a new hearing or release,
a variety of circumstances, not all of
convicted with him of fraud charges
saying there remained a "realistic
them involving a refusal to testify.
last year and sentenced to serve 24
possibility" that she would change
Unions or corporations are often as-
months in prison.
her mind and testify.
sessed large daily fines, for example,
But before that sentence could
Prosecutors have made little se-
for refusal to comply with a court
take effect, she was sentenced on the
cret of their hope that Mrs. McDou-
order to end a strike or stop pollut-
contempt citation by Judge Susan
gal might lead them to incriminating
ing, and individuals are jailed for
Webber Wright of Federal District
information about Mr. Clinton. She
refusing to turn over a disputed piece
Court in Little Rock, Ark., and taken
was convicted of receiving a fraudu-
of a property.
on Sept. 9, 1996, to a county jail in
lent $300,000 Government-backed
"It runs across the spectrum of
nearby Conway. She was transferred
loan from a lending company run by
judicial issues," Professor Yeazell
to a Federal detention center in Fort
David Hale, a former Arkansas
said. "The question of compelling
Worth, Tex., after Arkansas officials
judge; $50,000 of that money later
testimony begins to float closer to-
complained that they were not
wound up paying for expenses relat-
ward something that often looks like
equipped to handle her.
ed to a land development on the
an issue of human dignity."
Last December, Mrs. McDougal
White River in Arkansas in which the
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1997
Under Federal law, a witness who
was transferred here to face sepa-
McDouglas were partners with Mr.
refuses to testify can remain jailed
rate state charges of embezzling
Clinton and his wife, Hillary.
on civil contempt charges for up to 18
$150,000 from the conductor Zubin
Mr. Hale has testified that Mr.
months; Mrs. McDougal, 43, has so
Mehta and his wife, Nancy. A trial in
Clinton, as Governor of Arkansas,
far been held for just over a year for
that case has been repeatedly de-
pressured him to make the loan. Mr.
refusing to testify before the grand
layed.
Clinton has repeatedly denied that,
jury empaneled by Kenneth W. Starr
For much of the period from De-
and he denied it again at the McDou-
in the Whitewater case.
cember 1996 to last July, her lawyers
gals' trial last year.
Another Federal prisoner, G. Gor-
say, Mrs. McDougal was under lock
Judge Wright originally sentenced
don Liddy, spent 18 months in jail for
and key up to 23 hours a day, denied
Mrs. McDougal to serve 18 months
refusing to testify in the Watergate
routine visits and forced to wear a
on the contempt citation, or until the
case, a refusal he was proud of.
red jail uniform generally reserved
expiration of the grand jury's term,
Various state laws allow witnesses
for serious offenders.
which would be Nov. 6. But Mr. Starr
to be held for much longer periods.
A California judge ordered that
could seek an extension of the jury's
Odell Sheppard, a Chicago handy-
she be released on her own recogni-
term for another six months, which
man, has been jailed on a civil con-
zance on the embezzlement charge
would keep Mrs. McDougal in jail
tempt citation for a decade for refus-
until the end of her 18 months, next
ing to answer questions about the
and returned to the Federal jail
where she had been held in Texas,
February. Even then, she has yet to
whereabouts of his daughter. In 1986,
but the United States Marshals Serv-
serve a single day of her two-year
he was convicted of abducting her,
and he long ago completed his three-
ice refused to recognize that order as
sentence in the fraud case, and she
valid. Only in late July, after the
could face an additional nine years in
year sentence for that crime.
local chapter of the American Civil
jail if convicted on the embezzlement
In the late 1980's, Elizabeth Mor-
Liberties Union filed a habeas cor-
charges.
can, a Washington doctor, spent 25
months in jail rather than disclose
pus petition on Mrs. McDougal's be-
Still, Mrs. McDougal professes to
half and a Federal Magistrate or-
feel a certain peace about her deci-
the whereabouts of her daughter,
dered the marshals to show just
sion not to cooperate. "I don't think
whom she had secretly sent to live in
New Zealand in a custody dispute
cause for continuing to hold her, was
I've done anything very different
from what any other person in my
with her former husband.
circumstances would have done,"
she said.
Ce FLOTUS
C
ERTAINLY THE SHEER SWEEP
CAPITAL JOURNAL
Jen
of the child-care issue is daunting.
By GERALD F. SEIB
There are some 35 million Ameri-
nicole
can families with children under the age
of 18, including some 15 million with
Melanne
Children's Story:
children under the age of six. Of families
with children under the age of 18,
some. nine million are led by single
Mom, Dad Fret,
parents. And among families that have
two parents, almost 40% now have both a
husband and a wife who work outside
Clinton Reacts
the home.
The simple fact that an issue affects
lots of Americans doesn't make it a
VERYBODY IN WASHINGTON is
E
legitimate issue for government action.
obsessed right now with cam-
Millions of Americans have dandruff.
paign finances, soft-money
which doesn't mean there should be a
abuses and the precise location of tele-
White House conference on dandruff.
phones from which fund-raising calls
But child care isn't dandruff. It's an
were made. All of which is well and
issue that not only affects the most
good.
important thing in many Americans'
But these are hardly the matters that
lives their kids but also one that has a
consume Linda Alvarado of McAllen.
host of public-policy ramifications.
Texas.
Child-care issues touch the workplace.
Her big the one she rates as a
affect child development and complicate
10 on the scale of one to 10-is how to find
efforts to give welfare recipients jobs.
child care for her
three young chil-
dren while she
T
HE BIG QUESTION IS whether
the government can do anything
works as a college
to make the child-care situation
secretary and her
better - and how it can avoid doing,
husband as a bus
things that make it worse. For starters,
driver. Her family
Clinton aides aim simply to raise the
is middle class.
profile of child-care problems. That
meaning it makes
might prod states, cities and employers
too much money to
to make available more information
qualify for govern-
about child-care choices. "I can get
ment child-care pro-
more good information quickly about
grams for the poor.
how to buy a car than I can about how to
but not enough to
take care of my child," says Clinton
afford top-flight private child care. For
communications director Ann Lewis.
now, the solution is a mother who
Beyond that, Margy Waller. a policy
steps in as baby sitter. But it isn't a
analyst at the Progressive Policy Insti-
perfect-solution You can already see
tute, says the government could con-
the stress in her, Mrs. Alvarado frets.
sider providing capital to build more
It can't go on forever.
child-care facilities, and might revamp
It's odd that child care, an issue that
the existing child-care tax credit SO it
worries millions and arises again and
gives more help to middle-income and
again in casual. conversation, has at-
lower-income families. The government
tracted SO little attention as a public-pol-
also might be able to help companies
icy question. Compared to the sublime
cope with the high cost of liability insur-
and ridiculous matters that often preoc-
ance, which often stops employers from
cupy Washington, child care positively
providing workplace child care.
rings with relevance.
And Clinton aide Paul Begala argues
Or so the Clinton White House hopes.
that, much as the government monitors
While calls for an independent counsel
food safety without actually serving the
to investigate campaign finances ring
food. it may have a role in monitoring
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1997
out, the White House is quietly charging
the safety of child care. "We make sure
ahead with plans for a big, high-profile
food is safe, but we don't run McDon-
conference on child care in late October.
ald's,' he says.
President Clinton will play a prominent
Of course, government regulation
role, as will first lady Hillary Rodham
could easily translate into child care
Clinton. The proceedings might even be
more expensive and harder to find.
beamed around to parallel child-care
That's the trap the administration needs
confabs in cabinet agencies and else-
to avoid. Similarly, in political terms.
where around the country.
child care could parallel health care:
All this is more than a passing fancy.
People may want the government to do
Mr. Clinton is virtually-obsessed with
something, but may not trust govern-
questions of how to reconcile work and
ment to do it right. Still, the topic is
family pressures, aides say. He rarely
important enough that it merits a close
misses a chance to mention that he
look. albeit a careful one.
signed the Family and Medical Leave
Act, which guarantees workers time off
for family crises. The president tells
friends that, in the post-Cold War, post-
balanced budget era, work and family
conflicts will be the defining issues
going into the 21st century.
Politically, White House aides are
equally convinced that these issues are
trump cards. They calculate that Repub-
licans can't maintain their posture as
the pro-family party if they fight things
such as family leave and more activism
on child-care questions.
WASHINGTON WHISPERS
Ten/Nicdle -
FYI.
M rs. Uncle Sam wants you Elere
First lady will look to the military for ideas on day care
P
reliminary work is under-
hower, granddaughter of the
NATO's 50th anniversary in
ning to kidnap or kill a U.S. law
way at the White House for
former president who was
1999. The timing of the protest
enforcement agent working
an end-of-the-year confer-
NATO's first commander, and
is awkward for the administra-
along the border in retaliation
ence on improving the quality
other national security ana-
tion, coming just weeks before
for the confiscation of a recent
of child care-a top-priority
lysts. The letter, to be released
NATO leaders meet in Madrid
drug shipment. A joint FBI-
project for first lady Hillary Rod-
June 26, will call on Clinton to
to formally invite the three for-
Drug Enforcement Adminis-
Clinton. But it is proving
suspend NATO expansion, ar-
mer Warsaw Pact countries to
tration team in San Diego is
easier to document problems
guing that he should concen-
join the alliance. The biparti-
said to be preparing an indict-
than to find solutions. Mrs.
trate on arms control efforts,
san group hopes to spark de-
ment against the Arellano Felix
Clinton is now looking to the
which have been hampered by
bate before the Senate votes on
brothers. FBI and DEA officials
military to see if its experience
say they have increased securi-
with on-base day-care pro-
ty and put agents on a height-
grams offers ideas for the civil-
ened state of alert over the past
ian world. She plans to visit
several months. U.S. drug
military installations this fall,
agents are still haunted by the
including the Marine base at
1985 killing of DEA agent Enri-
Quantico, Va., near Washing-
que Camarena, who was tor-
ton. The conference is expected
tured by Mexican traffickers
to address such issues as low
and their police accomplices.
pay for child-care workers and
demographic trends indicating
that an increasing number of
Foggy Bottom delay
families will rely on day care.
Although the Clinton adminis-
The administration's deal with
tration remains worried over
Congress to balance the budget
the debate on renewing China's
by 2002, however, offers little
most-favored-nation status, it
leeway for proposing new pro-
appears to be getting an unex-
grams. The president may have
pected break with the delay in
to rely largely on persuading
the State Department's report
businesses to offer child care
on religious freedom that is
for employees.
critical of Beijing. The report,
aimed for release this week,
now likely won't come out until
Trouble brewing
after Congress votes on MFN
A blue-chip group of more than
next week. As written, it puts
30 former lawmakers, diplo-
special focus on the persecu-
mats, and foreign affairs ex-
tion of Christians around the
perts is preparing to issue an
world, and singles out China
open letter this month oppos-
for especially tough criticism.
ing President Clinton's top for-
Critics, including several
eign policy goal: the expansion
Christian groups, want to re-
of NATO. The formidable list of
Russia's pique over NATO en-
admitting new members,
voke China's MFN as punish-
hawks and doves includes
largement. It urges Clinton to
which could happen next year.
ment for what they see as its
three former senators-Demo-
stick with his proposed Part-
widespread human rights vio-
crat S I Nunn, who was long
nership for Peace, a NATO pro-
lations. The administration is
regarded as the Senate's lead-
gram of cooperation with for-
Border alert
committed, though, to extend-
ing defense expert, and Repub-
mer Soviet bloc countries that
Federal drug warriors battling
ing MFN trade status with Chi-
licans Gordon Humphrey and
falls short of alliance member-
Mexican traffickers are grow-
na. State Department officials
Mark Hatfield. Also on the list
ship. One organizer says the
ing increasingly concerned
say the report is being held up
are Jack Matlock, U.S. ambas-
goal is to demonstrate that
about their safety. Sources say
to broaden its findings.
sador to the Soviet Union from
credible opposition to NATO
the FBI's San Diego office has
1987 to 1991, and Paul Nitze,
expansion exists despite the
received substantive intelli-
President Reagan's chief arms
administration's full-speed
gence reports indicating that
No cutting corners
control negotiator. The group
drive to admit Poland, Hunga-
the Tijuana-based Arellano Fe-
In the Marines, the elaborate
was organized by Susan Eisen-
ry, and the Czech Republic by
lix brothers' cartel may be plan-
change-of-command ceremo-
16
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, JUNE 23. 1997
First Lady Presses Child-Care Reform
In U-Md. Speech, Clinton Praises Center There and One at Quantico
ence on child care planned for Oct. 23.
told Clinton that she had tried to enroll
By Jackie Spinner
Upon her arrival in the auditorium, she
her own 4-year-old in the Center for
Washington Post Staff Writer
was greeted with thunderous applause
Young Children but could not afford the
First lady Hillary Rodham Clinton
and a standing ovation. She gave her
fees.
visited a child-care center at the Univer-
address in front of a huge red. white
The center enrolls 120 children. ages
sity of Maryland at College Park yester-
3 to kindergarten. The day-care center
day and later in a speech used the
has a sliding fee scale. but Broglio said
occasion to repeat her call for reform in
"We have to do
she would still have to pay $500 a month.
the nation's day-care industry.
which is 25 percent of her salary.
Addressing a crowd of 1.300 universi-
more to support
Broglio said that if she didn't have the
ty students and faculty and staff mem-
help of her parents. she would have to
bers in a packed Tawes Theatre audito-
rium on campus. Clinton said the
those parents
quit her job and go on welfare.
"The biggest problem out there is
university's Center for Young Children.
who are trying to do
affordable. good-quality day care."
and a similar facility she visited at
Broglio said. "I can't find it"
Quantico Marine Corps Base this week.
the best they can. "
In response, Clinton said Bróglio is "a
are rare examples of quality child care.
She said the U.S. military's approach
- Hillary Rodham Clinton
perfect example of the kind of problem
in particular should be a model for the
I'm trying to illustrate."
and blue banner that proclaimed, "Bet-
She said the October conference at
workplace.
"There are certainly differences be-
ter Child Care for a Better America."
the White House will address the issue
tween the military and civilian sector,
Clinton had warm praise for the
of affordable child care and other is-
but I believe the military experience can
university's child-care center. where she
sues. including the need for day care for
serve as a beacon for the American
met with a group of 5-year-olds.
school-age children.
workplace in general." Clinton said.
"This is a place where children are
"We need more subsidies for working
"When parents don't have to come to
treasured and valued and stimulated. a
parents. particularly single parents.
work feeling concerned about how their
place that any of us would happily stay
Clinton said. "If we are going to have a
children are doing. they can make a
for juice and nap-time any day,' she said.
policy in our country of ending welfare
more positive contribution that benefits
"But that center is far too rare."
and expecting everyone to work. we
all of us."
Later. when audience members were
have to do more to support those
The first lady's visit was intended to
invited to ask the first lady questions.
parents with children who are trying to
set the stage for a White House confer-
Paula J. Broglio. a university secretary.
do the best they can."
DEFENSE & DIPLOMACY
Czech President Havel Says
Nelson Mandela and former President Jimmy Cart-
er.
Dangers Justify Larger NATO
-Associated Press
Czech President Vaclav Havel said yesterday the
danger of war still exists and expanding NATO is
Nigeria Apologizes for Party 'Incident'
worth-the cost if it contributes to greater security in
Europe.
Nigeria apologized yesterday to the State Depart-
Opponents of the expansion that would bring his
ment for an incident last month in which Nigerian
country, Poland and Hungary into the 16-nation
security forces disrupted a farewell party given in
alliance are "extremely naive. shortsighted and even
honor of departing U.S. Ambassador Walter Carring-
dangerous." Havel said.
ton.
With Czech-born Secretary of State Madeleine K.
Nigerian Ambassador Dato Adamu conveyed the
Albright listening and hearings on NATO enlarge-
apology for what he called "a most unfortunate
ment to start in the Senate next week. Havel said his
incident," department spokesman James P. Rubin
country is ready to pay for pushing the alliance's
said. The ambassador told department officials his
borders eastward toward Russia.
government has the utmost respect for Carrington
"Any judicious person must admit that such
and that it has no intention of slighting or otherwise
expenditure is worth it." he said. "Has it not been
threatening him, Rubin said.
established beyond doubt that even the most costly
Rubin added that the Nigerian government will
preventive security is cheaper than the cheapest
provide a written explanation of the incident within
war?"
several days.
In the aftermath of the Cold War. Havel declared,
"We welcome this apology and its acknowledgment
the world is "covered with innumerable dangers that
of the obligations to allow Ambassador Carrington
are diverse. decentralized and yet intertwined."
and the U.S. Embassy to conduct diplomatic business
Albright introduced the former Czech dissident
in a safe and secure environment, he said.
who helped topple the Communist regime in his
The reception for Carrington was hosted by pro-
country in 1989 as a "serial truth-teller."
democracy and human rights groups. The security
He received the 1997 J. William Fulbright Award.
agents broke down the gate at the house where the
named for the late internationalist Democratic sena-
reception was being held. After entering the resi-
tor from Arkansas who sponsored a program under
dence, they drew their guns and broke up the
which thousands of Americans have studied abroad.
gathering.
Past recipients include South African President
-Associated Press
The Washington Post
SATE RDM. ()₁ FOBER t. 1997
Clinton, Otherwise Fit, to Get Hearing Aids
Checkup Reveals Decades of Exposure to Loud Noise Took Its Toll
ol was 179. well below the recom-
By Peter Baker
A
PRESIDENT, From A1
mended maximum of 200.
Washington Post Staff Writer
someone of his age would so readily
Doctors reported that Clinton's
A half-century of marching bands,
accept the inevitability of needing
knee has fully recovered, concluding
rock-and-roll music and campaign
artificial help. Of 26 million Ameri-
that his range of motion was equal in
rallies has taken such a toll on
cans with hearing loss, only an esti-
both legs and finding no stiffness.
President Clinton's ears that doctors
mated 6 million wear hearing aids.
However, Clinton complained that his
yesterday fitted him for hearing aids.
"There are a lot of people out there
joints feel stiff during temperature
who need these but there's such a
For years. Clinton has suffered
changes.
stigma attached to them," said Karen
from a high-frequency hearing loss
Clinton did have a one-centimeter
Doyle, an ear specialist who is a
that makes it difficult to discern what
cyst removed from the left part of his
member of the hearing aid subcom-
chest. much as he did from his neck
people are saving in the din of a
mittee of the American Academy of
last year. Doctors administered a local
crowded room. But the condition has
Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Sur-
anesthetic and used two sutures dur-
worsened to the point where the
gery. "Even old people don't want to
ing the five-minute procedure. The
president even complained that he
wear them because they think it
cyst will be tested, but Clinton's spe-
makes them look old."
cialist was unconcerned. "I would be
could not make out what hecklers
Sales of hearing aids jumped after
amazed if anything were to show
were shouting at him during recent
Reagan began using them, and in-
other than totally benign." said derma-
speeches.
dustry representatives predicted yes-
tologist David Corbett. "This is a very
"It interferes with his understand-
terday that Clinton will make it even
common type of cyst."
ing of certain words," said James
more socially acceptable for a genera-
Doctors attributed Clinton's dete-
Suen. the hearing specialist who
tion that was the first raised on rock
examined Clinton yesterday during
music and is now suffering the conse-
riorating hearing to age and long
his annual physical checkup. "It's not
quences. "The president's decision is
exposure to loud noises in his life,
dating to his days as a high school
anything like profound deafness."
really an important one for baby
The president will receive one
boomers," said Carole Rogin, presi-
saxophone player. According to inde-
device for each ear. but will have to
dent of the Hearing Industries Associ-
pendent specialists. a person with his
condition would have trouble distin-
ation.
use them only in settings where he
Aides at the White House immedi-
guishing words with letters such as
typically has had trouble hearing.
such as receptions or political fund-
ately saw another benefit: Now when
"s" or "f," not to mention making it
raisers. Unlike older models that are
reporters shout unwelcome ques-
hard to hear noises such as wrist-
tions, Clinton can mimic the trade-
watch alarms and high-pitched bird
mark Reagan gesture of cupping his
chirping.
easily noticeable. the advanced
hand to his ear and shaking his head
If the president was bothered by
"completely-in-canal" versions cho-
to indicate he did not understand.
this, he did not show it yesterday.
sen for Clinton are so hidden that
The results of his audiograms sul-
Clinton often seems conscious of the
most people around him will not
lied an otherwise generally upbeat
advance of middle age, frequently
know when he is wearing them.
physical checkup for the president.
joking in speeches and other public
While Ronald Reagan used them
After six hours of tests at Bethesda
appearances about how old he is. But
during his years at the White House.
Naval Hospital. doctors pronounced
when his helicopter landed back on
Clinton at 51 is far younger and the
Clinton in excellent shape, reporting
the White House lawn yesterday and
image of a baby boomer president
that he has lost 20 pounds and cut his
reporters asked how he felt. he gave a
with hearing aids could have wide-
cholesterol significantly. Clinton, who
hearty thumbs up.
spread impact. medical experts said.
embarked on a rigorous workout regi-
"Given where he is on his weight.
What is unusual is not that someone
men after tearing a knee tendon in
his blood pressure and his cholester-
as young as Clinton would have
March, weighed in at 196 pounds; his
ol, he's more than fine." said his
trouble hearing: what is rare is that
blood pressure was measured at a
senior adviser. Rahm Emanuel. "This
See PRESIDENT. A10. Col. 1
healthy 122 over 68 and his cholester-
is nowhere near bothering him."
The Washington Post
SATU OCTOBER 1. 1997
WorkingMother
Baptist
September 22, 1997
Bame H
All state
Nicole R. Rabner
Office Of The First Lady
Oeob 17th St & Pa Ave Nw
Washington, DC 20500
Dear Ms. Rabner:
Please accept this copy of the October issue of Working Mother, dedicated to our 100 Best
Companies for Working Mothers, and join us in recognition of each one of these admirable
organizations. They represent the leading edge of the private sector whose innovations,
individually and in partnership with state and federal agencies, are making vital contributions
toward making the family-friendly workplace a national reality.
It's often said that what's good for American business is good for America-but what a powerful
fusion results when the reverse also holds true!
That's exactly what's been happening as work/family issues pick up steam in the American
workplace. Of course, family-friendly policies make sense for the individual. The good news is
that they make good corporate sense, too.
When Working Mother first decided to highlight the Best Companies for Working Mothers in
1985, just 10 pioneering companies were cited. Now, a little over a decade later, we're happy to
report that keeping the list to just 100 companies presents an increasing challenge and continually
raises the bar.
As our annual honorees have discovered, being cited as one of the 100 Best Companies for
Working Mothers is a great boost for a company's bottom line. As many of these frontline
organizations have seen, family-friendly thinking pays off through:
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Encouraging loyalty and retention: Flexibility and personal support are the perks most
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Great press: Work/family issues continue to make front page news. From The Wall
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companies cite their position on the list in their annual reports.
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Higher share prices: A 1996 study by Human Resource Management News showed
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As American business gears up to face the demands of the coming century, recruiting and
holding onto top talent is more vital than ever. We applaud those companies who have made
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Working Mother will continue to report on the latest issues of work/family balance, and as
always, strive to fulfill our mission as the Voice of Authority on behalf of America's working
mothers.
Sincerely,
Bull Sitheel
Barbara Litrell
Vice President/Group Publisher
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FAMILY MEALS WHY KIDS NEED PRIVACY
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DAY CARE, F1 C1
intimate relationships; interactions made up of
lengthy,
forth emotional dialogues;
understand the best
ch into the effects
The Reasons
and 1 3 problem-solving discussions with
that different types of care have on the
gestures.
development of very young children.
The other three components of good care--
President Clinton identified this basic is-
providing stimulation appropriate to the baby's
sue at last April's White House Conference
nervous system; shared use of creative ideas;
Why We Need
on the Brain and Early Development. The
and logical use of ideas through eliciting
conference, which helped kick off a national
opinions and debates-vary significantly, de-
discussion on how best to help children's
pending on the staff and the chemistry be-
early development, attracted hundreds of
tween caregivers and the children.
To Rely Less
participants, including pediatrician T. Berry
There is some resistance to this idea. For
Brazelton, Carla Shatz, professor of neurobi-
example, the initial results of an ongoing
ology at the University of California at Berke-
day-care study conducted by the National
ley and David A Hamburg, then president of
Institute of Child Health and Development
the Carnegie Corp. There was a healthy
have been interpreted by many media outlets,
On Day Care
consensus that early interactions between
including The Washington Post, CNN and
infants and caregivers are essential not only
popular parents magazines as "good news for
for a healthy mind, but also for the physical
parents." In fact, the news isn't quite as upbeat
growth and wiring of the brain.
as all that. The study is finding that babies in
By Stanley I. Greenspan
When Clinton asked those of use at the
relatively full-time day care have compromised
conference what kinds of experiences are
attachments unless their parents were especial-
n Thursday, the White House will
0
most important for babies' development and
ly sensitive to their needs and adept at reading
direct its attention-and probably
how much is needed, he opened up a subject
their emotional signals in the evenings-that
much of the nation's-to a subject
that is far more politically sensitive than he
is, providing the types of experiences missing
that desperately needs attention: the
probably anticipated. That's because I-and
in the day-care centers.
state of day care for the young children of
many other researchers-have identified the
The child-care challenges we face cannot be
millions of working parents in this country.
quantity and quality of experiences that
dismissed. Current patterns of out-of-home
The White House Conference on Child
babies and young children need to develop
child care have significant limitations that
Care will focus on the quality, the affordability
optimally. There are six stages that families
endanger the growing minds of future genera-
and the supply of child care, among other
with children who are emotionally and intel-
tions. An entirely new set of guiding assump-
topics. It plans to figure out how best to help
lectually healthy provide to their children. A
tions is necessary. We need to re-evaluate the
parents identify high-quality child care and
review of these six stages makes clear why
professed value we place on children. Children
discuss how best to bring good child care to
most out-of-home child care cannot provide a
and the care of them must be elevated_to a
under-served populations, such as welfare
number of essential building blocks for a
higher priority, both within families and-soci-
mothers headed to work.
child's healthy mind and brain. Briefly, chil-
ety. This will be unrealistic for parents who, no
These are important questions, of course.
dren need:
matter how much they want to stay home, have
But in the rush to improve and increase child
An ongoing, loving and intimate relationship
no choice but to work. So we need to gradually
care, we are ignoring a more fundamental
(lasting years, not months) with one or a few
bring about social arrangements which maxi-
reality: Much of the child care available for
caregivers in order to develop caring, empathy,
mize at home care of young infants by their
infants and toddlers in this country simply
trust and relating.
parents.
isn't good for them.
Sights, sounds, touches and other sensations
This isn't the parents' fault and, in many
tailored to the baby's unique nervous system in
order to foster learning, language, awareness,
I
believe many two-parent working families
respects, it's not the child-care providers'
would do well to consider the Solu-
fault, either. A growing body of recent re-
attention and self-control.
tion," or some variation of it. Under this plan
search indicates that most of our children are
Interactions made up of long sequences of
each parent works two-thirds time to pursue
cared for in child-care centers and in other
back-and-forth smiles, smirks, sounds, reach-
career goals and together they provide 4/3 of a
out-of-home day-care arrangements that have
ing and the like. This "emotional dialogue"
single income. Thus, one-third of each parent's
significant limitations. Recent studies by the
between adults and babies fosters the begin-
time is left for direct baby and child.care.
University of Colorado, the Families and Work
nings of a sense of self, logical communications
Obviously, some families will elect other part-
Institute of New York, and the National Insti-
and the beginnings of purposefulness.
time arrangements. This will mean a signifi-
tute of Child Health and Development, for
Discussions without words-long negotia-
cant pay cut, which clearly not all families can
example, have concluded that more than 80
afford. But if those who do will make child care
tions with gestures to solve problems (such as
percent of day, care in child-care centers is
when a toddler takes a caregiver to the fridge to
the significant part of their lives that it deserves
inadequate and that, for infants, out-of-home
to be.
get the juice) to foster early types of thinking
care, especially day-care centers, tend-to-be
and social skills.
In the short run, parents and future parents
inferior to parental care.
Shared use of creative ideas through pretend
need to more carefully plan their careers and
This negative conclusion about day care is
play between a caregiver and a child and
lifestyles so they can fit in the time and the
not motivated by the-misguided nostalgia of
creative 'negotiations of basic needs ("Juice!")
attention that children need. In the long run
the Christian Right for the days when fewer
in ordento foster language and creativity.
this solution will involve considerable govern-
women worked outside the home nor by a
Logical use of ideas through a caregiver
ment and industry support, to put it mildly.
conservative hostility to government social
eliciting a child's opinion ("I like this because
Options that will need to be considered will
programs aimed at helping children. Nor am I
") and debates in order to promote logical
include government incentives, including tax
unmindful of the economic realities that force
thinking, planning and readiness for reading
incentives for employers to provide part-time
many parents to rely on day care. But rather
and math.
work options for men and women and more
than increase our reliance on day care, we
These aren't interactions that can occur on
flextime to employees, so parents can arrange
should begin fundamentally rethinking the
more flexible work schedules.
the fly. Child-care experts suggest that during
way we organize work and child care.
the first two years of life, these types of
Unpaid parental leave should be extended
The best way to begin is to review and
from three months to six months and, whenev-
experiences need to be available one-half or
more of a baby's waking hours. Many parents
er possible, parents should be permitted to
See DAY CARE, C2, Col. 4
provide these interactions during feeding,
return to full- or part-time work schedules
Stanley Greenspan is author of "The Growth of
bathing and diaper changes. Yes, children get
gradually.
the Mind: The Endangered Origins of
To facilitate the 4/3 solution over the next
fed and get their diapers changed in day care,
Intelligence, and clinical professor of
but even at excellent centers with outstanding,
generation, our education system needs to get
psychiatry and pediatrics at George
well-trained staff, there are significant limita-
involved. Subjects like child development and
Washington University Medical School.
tions. Because day-care workers are often
family life need to become a core part of school
caring for several infants, their interactions
curriculums in order to prepare students for
with each baby tend to be brief, which means
their futures. We now have a detailed body of
the infants aren't getting the long interactive
knowledge about how children develop the
best. Kids should learn about it in school to
"dialogues" through words and gestures that
many parents provide at home.
better prepare them for parenthood.
Even in good day-care centers, we've seen
The Washington Post
F
or two-parent families and single-parent
many an eager, expectant 8-month-old baby
families where full-time work is essential
give up and stare at the wall as his caregiver.
to provide food, shelter and medical care,
stops by his crib briefly but then hurries away
we must improve the quality of child care,
OCTOBER 19, 1997
to attend to a crying rival.
including having caregivers stay with the same
Even more important, day-care workers
group of babies for three years or longer.
don't get a chance to build long relationships
Impersonal child care is but the most obvi-
with the children in their care because, at most
ous symptom of a society that is moving toward
centers, babies change caregivers each year as
more impersonal modes of communication,
they move on to the toddler room. And in
education, and health and mental health care.
centers where there is less training, lower
Intimate ongoing interactions between chil-
wages and high turnover, caregivers may
dren and their parents, we're learning, are
change even more frequently.
essential for the proper growth of the brain and
In short, three of the six essential building
mind. These types of interactions also makes
blocks are compromised due to the very
for reflective citizens as well as a sense of
structure of center-based day care: ongoing,
cohesion that makes societies work.
In D.C., Targeted Tax Breaks Miss the Mark
By Martin A. Sullivan
credit. Because Congress has resorted to
as "high-risk youth." If they get hired to sell
For example, an employer can get $6,000 of tax
mechanical use of poverty rates to define
records or tend bar, their employers will walk
credits for hiring two workers in successive
urprise, D.C.! The U.S. Congress has a
these areas, the result is a patchwork quilt of tax
six-month periods for $15,000 each. The em-
S
away with a tax credit of up to 33 percent of
gift for you. It's not what you asked for.
breaks distributed in a pattern that sometimes
wages.
ployer would only get $3,000 for hiring one
It's not easy to use. But it did cost the
seems random and arbitrary.
District residents will ask: Why should a
worker for $30,000 to fill the same slot for the
government a lot of money and no
Poverty rates tell us which areas of the
restaurant on the west side of Wisconsin Ave-
entire year.
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1997
other city has it: a billion-dollar package of
District have residents most in need-which is
nue with 50 employees get $100,000 of tax
The zero-percent capital gains rate has a flaw,
tax breaks exclusively for the residents and
not necessarily the same as telling us which
credits each year while its competitor directly
too. It is an incentive for entrepreneurship, but
businesses of the nation's capital, Wor
areas are in need of private-sector economic
across the street gets nothing?
if a new business expands any significant
about $400 per resident.
development. Many parts of downtown have
And, if the goal is to revitalize the district,
portion of its operations outside impoverished
The intention was admirable: to stimulate
high rates of poverty, but are among the most
why should any store in well-to-do Georgetown
areas, it no longer qualifies.
business, investment and new-home ownership
economically developed areas of the District.
get tax breaks when the small retail stores of
What was Congress thinking? Perhaps the
in the District. But before you start hiring and
investing and buying condos in the District,
These areas are already home to some of the
Brookland, a deserving middle-class neighbor-
senators who drew up this tax package behind
city's most highbrow
check with your accountant. Restrictions apply.
hood in Northeast, get noth-
closed doors last July did not realize its conse-
business establish-
The catch is that new federal income tax cuts
ing?
quences and effects. Ignorance of the law
ments and have much
Why should a large luxury
should be no excuse-especially if you wrote it.
for D.C. are "targeted"-which means most
new construction un-
folks don't get anything and a few lucky District
derway. Nevertheless,
What was
hotel two blocks east of the
businesses and individuals get a lot. Consult
White House get roughly
$2,000 each year for every Dis-
W
ill these tax breaks actually increase
employment and reduce poverty in
your map of the city, because what you get
the businesses in these
areas will become eligi-
Congress thinking?
the District? Nobody knows. Despite
depends not only on what you do and how much
trict resident it employs while a
all the statistical studies, economists simply
you make but also on where you are.
ble for the same eco-
Ignorance of the
large luxury hotel two blocks
cannot say with any accuracy whether tax
For tax purposes, Congress has chopped the
nomic development in-
north of the White House gets
incentives for local economic development actu-
District up into dozens of small zones, and then
centives as those in
law should be no
nothing?
ally work.
put each of these zones into one of three
Southeast's Anacostia
And why is the federal gov-
We do know that these new laws are compli-
categories. First, there are the zones with
and Marshall Heights
excuse-especially
ernment helping luxury hotels
cated. We do know that the short, five-year
poverty rates of 20 percent or more-collective-
in Northeast.
to tax relief while turning away
lifespan of most of these incentives greatly
ly dubbed the "D.C. enterprise zone." In these
Another problem is
if you wrote it.
struggling businesses in King-
diminishes their potential to lure businesses
areas, all the new tax breaks apply. Second,
that many college stu-
man Park, a worthy working
into the District. We know that a lot of D.C.
there are the zones with poverty rates between
dents living on and
class neighborhood near RFK
businesses and individuals will get a windfall for
10 percent and 20 percent. In these areas, only
around university cam-
Stadium?
doing what they were going to do, anyway. And
the home-buyer credit and the zero-percent
puses are considered "poor" residents when
Besides the arbitrary geography of these
we know that a lot of others will reshuffle their
capital gains rate are available. Third, there are
the Census Bureau calculates poverty rates,
incentives, there are other problems with the
business in a manner that qualifies them for the
all the other areas of the District with poverty
even though they may come from well-to-do
new tax laws for the District. Because the wage
tax break but does not do much for the overall
rates below 10 percent. The only tax break
families. The result: Big portions of the high-
credit is only available on the first $15,000 paid
District economy.
available in these areas is the home-buyer
As the carelessly drawn legislation indicates,
rent districts around George Washington and
to each employee, it gives employers an incen-
Congress has engaged in a lot of wishful
Martin Sullivan, an economist at Tax
Georgetown Universities are included in the
tive to favor less-skilled over more-skilled em-
thinking in spending this billion dollars. If
Analysts, is reviewing changes in federal tax
D.C. enterprise zone. The ultimate irony under
ployees, and it encourages then to hire part-
Congress is going to throw tax breaks at the
law for the District of Columbia Tax Revision
the new law is that many well-to-do college
time rather full-time employees. It also encour-
District's problems, it should come up with
Commission.
students living in Georgetown will be classified
ages temporary over permanent employment.
ones that will do more good.
(315) 469-8986
FAX (315) 449-2910
MARY SPENO MAHONEY
CONSULTANT
EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
4967 ELGIN DRIVE
SYRACUSE, NY 13215
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ED
Education
NY
NEW YORK
The Independent Journal of Schools and Cultural Affairs in the Empire State
November 1997
Early education programs to
Volume 1 Issue 2
$4.00
expand in state
"This is a
by Clorinda Valenti
landmark
WHAT'S INSIDE
The number of public school prekindergartens will increase across the state
piece of
next year under a new law making them universal for four-year-olds.
legislation."
Partners In
The initiative, now being finalized by the state Education Department, will
Education
provide 75 percent to 90 percent funding to districts opting to offer a pre-K pro-
David Hunt,
gram. However, critics claim these figures are overly optimistic. They charge
NYS Child Care
Three early learning
that taxpayers will pay more for pre-K, since the state's per pupil grant would
collaborations serve
not cover the full cost. Although it will not be mandatory for districts to pro-
Coordinating
young children
vide pre-K, many education observers believe most districts eventually will
Council
and their families.
offer a program. Funding also will be available to districts that wish to institute
PAGE 8
full-day kindergartens.
"This is a landmark piece of legislation," says David Hunt, executive director of the New York State
Child Care Coordinating Council, which promotes child care services across the state. "This shows a
City Beat
new commitment to early learning."
Buffalo-project promotes
Local control in instituting a program is an
family literacy to combat
November pre-K public forums
important component of the pre-K measure,
social problems
(Meetings scheduled for 4-6 p.m. unless otherwise indicated.)
Hunt says. Existing resources, such as Head
PAGE 7
Start, child care centers, and nursery schools, will
5: Eastern Suffolk BOCES, Holbrook, 10 a.m. noon
Saxton Middle School, Patchogue
be eligible to function as pre-K programs if they
Sweet Home Middle School, Amherst, 4:30-6:30 p.m.
meet state requirements and existing pre-K stan-
Forum
6: Brookside Junior HS, Merrick, 10 a.m. -noon
dards. With this flexibility districts can decide to
Long Beach Senior HS
start a new program or adapt an existing service
New York educators
and policy makers
Lehman College, Bronx (tentative)
provider into a pre-K.
speak out on
10: Martin Luther King HS, Manhattan
"This creates a very mixed model," Hunt says,
early learning
12: O'Brien Academy, Albany
"but it puts the decision-making at the local level
Nottingham HS, Syracuse
where it belongs." Using the site of another pro-
PAGE 4
25: NYNEX/Bell Atlantic, Brooklyn
gram like Head Start for a pre-K also may help
Call (518) 474-5807 for more information.
Continued on page 7
Q&A
Early learning expert
NYU project assists Head Start teachers
Mary Mahoney
Encouraging a child-centered early learning
classrooms in East Harlem, the South Bronx
"Early childhood
environment is the focus of a 4-year-old pilot pro-
Washington Heights, and Lower Manhattan The
education has moved
ject in four New York City Head Start centers.
centers were identified by the foundation, a New
from the fringes
Teaching for Success - a collaboration
York City-based charitable group, as those that
of education to
among the department of curriculum and teach-
needed the staff development and welcomed the
center stage
ing at New York University's School of Educa-
support offered by the project.
tion, the Robin Hood Foundation, and Head
The initiative has led to "major improve
PAGE 14
Start - emphasizes staff development as the
ments in these classrooms Krasnow explains
means to meet this goal, according to Maris
When teachers spend less time on classroom
In Our Schools
Krasnow, the project's coordinator and an
management and more time with individual stu-
adjunct professor of education at NYU. The pro-
dents, she says, they can learn more about the
From scientific research
ject educates teachers to help promote indepen-
children and their interests. In turn, the teach-
torschool readiness,
find out what happening
dence and initiative in their students, along with
ers taking part in the project design the curricu-
in classrooms
the social skills necessary to get along with oth-
lum around the children's needs and interests
around the state
ers, she says. For instance, the children learn to
Through encouraging teachers at the Head Start
move independently from activity to activity and
centers to educate other teachers in the child-
PAGE 10
learn to make choices.
centered philosophy, the project seeks to create
Taking part in the project are nine Head Start
more continuity in the students education
Continued on page 15
THE POST-STANDARD/Friday Oct. 24, 1997/PAGE B-3
CENTRAL NEW YORK
Panel Echoes U.S. Concern about Child Care
Discussion at the Newhouse
said Sarah Merrick, executive di-
ble. quality child care.
ert Rubin, to get more businesses
ing money to guarantee pre-kinder-
School of Communications is
rector of Success by Six, a local
Hillary Clinton said 13 million
involved.
garten opportunities to al
group focusing on preparing chil-
American children spend some time
"We'll never be the country we
4-year-olds. And school systems
part of a daylong national
dren to succeed
in child care every day. and the na-
ought to be unless we believe that
across the state are focusing on
conference.
in school.
tion must take a "fearless ap-
every child counts," the president
early intervention programs to help
The panel
proach" to ensure that care is af-
said.
students reach higher academic
By PAUL RIEDE
found room for
fordable. dependable and of high
"Hallelujah." was the reaction of
standards.
The Post-Standard
hope in the
quality. She noted that families
one panel member, Peggy Liuzzi of
"I think what we really have to
A panel of seven experts agreed
growing atten-
making minimum wage now spend a
the Child Care Council of Onondaga
focus on is not to create more poor-
Thursday there are plenty of rea-
tion being given
quarter of their income on child
County. to the White House confer-
ly functioning, fragile programs,
sons to worry about the local child
to child-care is-
care. if they can find it.
ence. About 75 people, mostly
Liuzzi said. "We need quality.'
FIRST
sues. Their dis-
President Clinton said he will an-
child-care professionals. attended
At the White House and at New-
care system.
CLASS
cussion at the
nounce a major initiative on child
the Newhouse session. Said Liuzzi:
house, panelists agreed that more
Their concerns ranged from par-
S.I. Newhouse
care in his State of the Union Ad-
"It's about time."
money must be pumped into the
ents being unable to find affordable
School of Public Communications at
dress in January. In the meantime.
She said the time is right for
child-care system to increase the
care to the low pay and poor train-
Syracuse University followed a live
he proposed a new scholarship fund
Central New Yorkers to come to-
wages and training of child-care
ing of many child-care providers.
satellite transmission of the start of
to improve education for child-care
gether to create a quality child-
workers.
Some panelists also pointed to a
the White House Conference on
providers. an expansion of commu-
care system.
Lisa Anderson, director of the
lack of understanding among both
Child Care.
nity service jobs devoted to after-
Recent research on the brain -
child-care center at O'Brien & Gere
parents and providers about the
The daylong conference, with
school day care, and a plan to make
a topic of a similar White House
Engineers in East Syracuse, said a
crucial importance of early child-
President and Hillary Clinton as
it easier to track care-givers' crimi-
conference in April - has con-
first step would be for the county to
hood education.
hosts, was beamed to dozens of
nal histories across state lines.
vinced most experts that early
increase its day-care subsidies for
"If we don't do something with
sites around the country. It was
He also announced the formation
childhood education is crucial to
low-income children. Anderson said
an organized approach, we're going
called to draw attention to the
of a working group on child care,
later learning.
the subsidies are not covering the
to have a lot of children suffering."
growing national need for afforda-
chaired by Treasury Secretary Rob-
The state this year pledged fund-
expenses of day-care centers.
Many had involvement
service of all who attended the con-
in event on child care
ference and look forward to work-
ing together with our community to
To the Editor:
provide the best quality education
Please allow me to offer some
and care for our youngest children
comment on Paul Riede's Oct. 24
and families.
article, "Panel Echoes U.S. Con-
MARY SPINO MAHONEY
cern about Child Care."
Syracuse
Syracuse was the official New
Mahoney is White House repre-
York state satellite site for the first
sentative for Child Care Conference
White House Conference on Child
in New York State.
Care and was opened by Secretary
of Education Richard Riley's region-
al director, John Mahoney.
Dr. Stephanie Leeds, president
of the Syracuse Association for the
Education of Young Children, ac-
knowledged the community/state
co-hosts, NYSAEYC, American
Academy of Pediatrics, Success by
6 and Syracuse University.
The seven expert members on
our local panel which followed the
conference and was moderated by
Karin Franklin were: Dr. Robert
Corwin, treasurer of the American
Academy of Pediatrics; Leeds, di-
rector of child studies, Cazenovia
College; Dr. Alice Honig, professor
emeritus at Syracuse University
and international consultant on in-
fant and toddler care; Peggy Liuzzi,
executive director of Onondaga
Child Care Council; Dr. Melissa
Clawson, College of Human Devel-
opment at Syracuse University;
Sarah Merrick, executive director
of Success by 6; and Chris Vogel-
sang, director of pre-K for the Syr-
acuse City School District.
We appreciate and acknowledge
the commitment and dedication and
THE POST-STANDARD/Monday, Nov. 17, 1997/PAGE A-7
free child care -
studies
Here's the Bottom Line
three years old, their attachment to
their mothers, as measured by
whether they seek contact and close-
All Those Reports
ness after a brief separation, wasn't
affected. Researchers will continue
Of Child Care's Impact
to track the children.
Sensitivity: Here's a twist:
Child-care use affects parents. The
F YOU'RE confused by the news
NICHD study shows that the more
on child care, you're not alone. A
hours of child care a child receives
raft of new child-care research
from infancy through age three, the
has sparked reports that con-
less sensitive the child's mother is.
clude, among other things, that
Mothers' sensitivity was rated by
child care is good for school readi-
the supportiveness. warmth and re-
ness, is bad for mother-child bond-
spect they showed their children
ing or has no effect at all.
during videotaped play sessions.
In fact, there aren't any simple
Mothers whose children were in
answers. Researchers are only begin-
high-quality care tended to be more
ning to understand how dozens of fac-
sensitive, suggesting parents draw
tors combine and interact to shape
support from good care-givers.
Aware that mothers who are al-
ready insensitive by nature might be
choosing to use more child care in
the first place, researchers con-
trolled the results for many factors
that tend to indicate or cause insen-
sitivity-including mothers' atti-
tudes toward separation from their
AB
children, emotional state, personal-
ity. income, education and family
support.
What do the findings mean? Tun-
ing in to a child is a skill that takes
practice, time and effort, a process
parents need consciously to safe-
Susan Todd
guard when using lots of child care.
children's development. Still, these
Other studies suggest dads are
latest studies are delving deeper into
affected by child care, too. Jay Bel-
the effects of child care than they ever
sky, a child-care researcher at Penn-
have before, and doing a better job of
sylvania State University, found in a
separating cause and effect.
study of 120 families that using more
The picture of how the nation's
day care led to slightly less positive
patchwork of child-care services is
interaction by fathers with their
affecting kids is mixed. After plow-
children. And Deborah Lowe Van-
ing through a three-inch stack of
dell at the University of Wisconsin,
studies, I offer my best attempt at a
Madison, another veteran re-
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1999
working parent's brief guide to the
searcher, found in a study of 500
risks and rewards of child care:
families that heavier use of child
School readiness: The mother of
care for infants was tied to in-
all child-care studies, by the Na-
creased depression and marital wor-
tional Institute of Child Health and
ries in fathers, among other things.
Human Development, has been
tracking 1,103 children since 1991,
ARENT POWER: There's
recently releasing the third series of
P
growing evidence that par-
reports on its continuing research. It
ents have the power to medi-
has found no overall difference in
ate any bad effect of child
the cognitive and language skills of
care. One study found good
three-year-olds in their mother's
parenting sharply reduced the bad
care VS. those in full-time child care,
effect lots of early child care seemed
after controlling for many family
to have on kids' behavior. Also, in
and home factors.
the NICHD study, children of work-
Kids in high-quality child-care
ing mothers who believed that their
settings, as gauged by care-giver
employment benefited their chil-
sensitivity, responsiveness and con-
dren developed better skills in child
versation, did better than all other
care.
children, even those in their
Awareness is parents' best tool. In
mother's care, on cognitive and lan-
past studies, "kids whose mothers
guage tests. Kids in child-care cen-
were perceptive about the potential
ters, as opposed to those with nan-
effects were doing really well in child
nies or in family day-care homes or
care," says NICHD researcher Mar-
other settings, did best. Children in
garet Tresch Owen of the University
poor-quality child care did worst.
of Texas, Dallas. These mothers were
A separate study, a four-univer-
making "an effort to monitor, to mod-
sity Cost, Quality and Child Outcomes
erate" any risks of child care and "en-
study, tracking 800 children through
courage the good potential."
second grade, also found that chil-
Quality: High quality is the clos-
dren who attended high-quality cen-
est thing to a magic bullet you will
ters had better language, math and
find in nonmaternal child care, eras-
social skills through kindergarten.
ing nearly every risk and yielding
benefits in cognitive, language,
ONDING: Some studies have
math and social skills and behavior.
B
suggested that extensive use
Trouble is, the NICHD found only 9%
of child care early in life can
of U.S. child care is excellent and
damage children's emotional
only 30% is rated "good." Three-
bonds with their mothers.
fifths of child-care settings fail the
NICHD findings so far have tem-
high-quality test, with 53% rated fair
pered but not erased those concerns.
and 8% rated poor.
When measured at 15 months old,
As complicated as all that is, the
children's attachment to their moth-
findings ring true in my experience.
ers wasn't hurt by child care alone,
And they shed light on our best path
researchers found. But there was
as a society: to shore up child-care
some slight damage to bonding
quality, and to shore up parents as
when mothers were less sensitive.
well. expanding the choices they
That is, child care puts kids with in-
have early in children's lives, and
sensitive mothers at greater risk.
affirming them in the monumental
When those same children were
role they play in shaping kids.
Some People Whistle
By ALEJANDRO BODIPO-MEMBA
the Job, Others
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
Continued From Page B1
Whenever they try to determine the
ences. Plus, I live in St. Louis because I
best places to live in America, surveyors
want to live there."
Do It to Get the Job
and magazines typically rate metropolitan
Mr. Wall, "Places Rated Almanac" and
areas by quality-of-life factors. A Federal
Money all used the U.S. Census Bureau's
Reserve Bank economist took a simpler ap-
definition of a metropolitan area as any city
SEC Public-Affairs Director,
proach: He looked at where people are ac-
with a population of at least 50,000, or an ur-
tually choosing to live-and found some
banized area of at least 50,000, located in a
The International Champ,
surprises.
county or counties with a total population of
Performed for Interview.
The economist, Howard J. Wall of the
at least 100,000.
St. Louis Fed, made a list of what he desig-
Every other year for the past 15 years,
Best Place Live? Follow the Moving Van
nated the country's most livable big cities
"Places Rated Almanac" has rated 351
By JUDITH BURNS
solely by tracking migration data-where
metropolitan areas in North America-
Dow Jones Newswires
people moved-between 1990 and 1997. Peo-
based on nine factors: cost of living, job
WASHINGTON Want to work for Se-
ple's choices about where to live are ratio-
outlook, transportation, education, health
eurities and Exchange Commission Chair-
nal, based on what gives them the greatest
care, crime, the arts, recreation and cli-
man Arthur Levitt? It helps if you can
satisfaction, Mr. Wall says. Americans
mate. Published by Macmillan Publishing
whistle.
judge, and demonstrate, "livability" with
USA, a unit of Viacom Inc., the almanac
Just ask Chris Ullman, the SEC's
their feet, he adds.
uses data from private groups like the Na-
public-affairs director. He listed "competi-
Mr. Wall sees his "livability index" as
tional Golf Foundation, which provides in-
tive whistling" on his resume, and during
an alternative to the lists of livable cities
formation on the number of golf holes per
his job interview in 1997, the SEC chairman
that "Places Rated Almanac" and Time
capita in a metropolitan region.
asked him to whistle a tune.
Warner Inc.'s Money magazine have been
In its most recently published list, in
Knowing the SEC chairman is an
publishing for more than a decade. Those
1997, the almanac ranked Orange County,
opeΓa buff, Mr. Ullman had the right
publications assess factors like the cost of
Calif., just outside of Los Angeles, No. 1;
stuff: "Vesti la giubba," an aria from
living, employment outlook, education,
Seattle and Houston were Nos. 2 and 3.
Ruggiero Leoncavallo's "I Pagliacci.
recreation and home prices, and their lists
Mansfield, Ohio, near Akron, was last.
Mr. Ullman, who began whistling at
usually turn out to be different from one
Only two of the top 10, Atlanta and
age five, and started competing in 1993,
another: Most recently, the only city to ap-
Phoenix, were among Mr. Wall's 59 livable
demonstrated his award-winning act be-
pear on both was Seattle. Los Angeles, No.
3 on Money's regional list for 1998, was 34th
cities.
fore a larger crowd last week, playing to a
packed noontime audience at the SEC.
in the "Places Rated Almanac" list for
Money's 12th annual ranking of the best
Accompanied by pianist Bill Harris.
1997, the most recent year the book was
places to live in America, published in 1998,
Mr. Ullman provided a mix of classical and
published.
didn't pick an overall "winner." Rather, it
Topping Mr. Wall's list of 59 cities is Las
listed the top cities in three size cate-
pop tunes. including "The Spangled
Banner," "The Battle Hymn of the Repub-
Vegas, followed by second-place Atlanta
gories-small, medium and large-in the
lic, "In the Mood," "Summertime," and
and third-place Phoenix. Mr. Wall's list
four major regions of the country.
"As Time Goes By.
puts Money's highly ranked Los Angeles
To determine livability, the magazine
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
Big Bad Voodoo Daddy's "Go Daddy
dead last. Nine out of the top 10 on his list
had Roper/Starch Worldwide do a tele-
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1999
0," which helped Mr. Ullman clinch the
are Sun Belt cities.
phone survey of 512 randomly selected
international pop-division title in this
Published in April this year. the Wall
households. asking respondents to rank 37
year's whistling contest, made its way into
list is based on U.S. Census Bureau data
"quality of life" factors like crime and pub-
the act, along with a blues medley custo-
showing how many people moved to and
lic schools on a scale of one to 10 in impor-
mized for the crowd: "The 12b-1, ECN,
from U.S. cities with a population of at
tance to them. Then Fast Forward, a de-
microcap fraud, plain English blues."
mographic consulting firm in Portland,
least one million between 1990 and 1997. He
SEC staff, accustomed to focusing on
Ore., correlated the phone-survey results
concedes that the Money and "Places
mutual-fund distribution expenses, also
with U.S. government statistics on the na-
Rated Almanac" selection systems pro-
known as 12b-1 fees, electronic-communi-
tion's 300 largest metropolitan areas to cre-
duce interesting information, like the prob-
cation networks, stock fraud. and plain-
ate the Money lists.
ability of natural disasters or the proxim-
English filings by public corporations, rel-
Money, which replaced national with re-
ity to museums and ZOOS. But some of the
ished the change of pace, and even whis-
gional listings in 1998, named Seattle, Den-
variables on these lists-like the quality of
tied along to the theme song from "The
ver and Los Angeles as tops in the West;
skiing-are hard to quantify, Mr. Wall
Andy Griffith Show." But they didn't
Washington. D.C., Boston and New York as
says, and even quantifiable variables like
loosen up entirely.
leaders in the Northeast; Norfolk, Va.,
clean water are very important to some
"Stop acting like securities lawyers and
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, N.C., and Or-
people, less so to others.
clap,' Mr. Ullman directed the crowd at
lando, Fla., in the South; and Minneapolis,
In the end, Mr. Wall says, such subjec-
one point.
Cleveland and Chicago in the Midwest.
Mr. Ullman. the current international
tive information doesn't indicate livability
the way moving patterns do.
whistling champion, who first secured the
David Savageau, author of "Places
title in 1996, has whistled on the mall with
Rated Almanac," retorts that some cities
the National Symphony, performed with a
with a great influx of people-like Las Ve-
half-dozen other orchestras, appeared on
gas and Phoenix, at the top of Mr. Wall's
the "Today Show," the "Tonight Show
list-have high crime rates. Further, Mr.
with Jay Leno," and whistled the National
Anthem before a crowd of 20,000 at a
Los Angeles Lakers basketball game.
Savageau says, Mr. Wall's list reflects
What's the secret. to whistling suc-
where people move for jobs-and usually
lower-paying service or trade jobs at that.
cess? Mr. Ullman recommends bringing
"The people who move with their feet
an athlete's discipline to competition,
saving lips are like other muscles and must
are really after any kind of job, because
be trained to sustain a pucker.
that's where the action is," Mr. Savageau
Under questioning by an SEC attorney,
says. People with higher-level, career-
Mr. Ullman acknowledged he has a strict
track jobs are less likely to uproot volun-
no-kissing policy the day before competing
tarily unless transferred by their em-
against other world-class whistlers.
ployer, he says, because they want to stay
Kissing makes the lips mushy,' he
where their jobs are. He adds: "If Las Ve-
explained, "and mushy is bad.'
gas is the best city to live in, what is (Mr.
Wall] doing in St. Louis?"
Mr. Wall replies: "His question proves
my point exactly. My ranking is based on
the population's preferences. I didn't
impose my preferences on the ranking.
His ranking is based on his own prefer-
Please Turn to Page B4, Column 3