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SAVE AMERICA'S TREASURES
THE MILLENNIUM PROGRAM
National Trust
for Historic
Preservation
HONOR THE PAST . IMAGINE THE FUTURE
.
CELEBRATE THE MILLENNIUM
SAVE AMERICA'S TREASURES
THE MILLENNIUM PROGRAM
We stand at the convergence of a new century and the next millennium - a milestone in
human history. In 1997 the President and the First Lady created the White House
Millennium Council, to set some themes, engage the federal agencies and invite all
Americans to participate in meaningful activities through the year 2000.
The overall theme for national projects and commemorations is: "Honor the past; imagine
the future." The President is inviting all Americans to "give gifts to the future," to
participate in projects that will enhance future generations. The result is the Millennium
Program: Save America's Treasures.
As the President said in his State of the Union Address: "I am proposing a public-private
partnership to advance our arts and humanities and to celebrate the millennium by saving
America's treasures, great and small."
On the public side, the President has proposed to Congress a bi-partisan program: a
Millennium Fund -- $50 million in each of the next two fiscal years -- to stimulate a national
effort to "Save America's Treasures." The fund would be administered through the U.S.
Department of the Interior. Half would be allocated for the most urgent preservation
projects of regional and national significance, identified by federal agencies and
institutions. Half would go to the states, through the State Historic Preservation Officers,
for the most important preservation projects identified by them after broad consultation.
An even greater opportunity exists on the private side. Historic preservation in America
has always been a public-private partnership. The National Trust for Historic
Preservation is offering leadership by inviting individuals, foundations and corporations to
participate in this great initiative to Save America's Treasures. One of the best ways we
can imagine the future is to honor our past. As America changes, we must carry forward
the heritage that embodies our nation's memory to inspire future generations.
To this end, the National Trust has invited selected corporate, foundation, and individual
leaders to form the Millennium Committee to Save America's Treasures, co-chaired by
First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton and National Trust President Richard Moe. This
Committee will lead the private efforts to preserve our national treasures.
As we know, the millennium will occur no matter what anyone does. Save America's
Treasures will succeed because of what each of us does.
1
101 EXAMPLES OF AMERICA'S TREASURES AT RISK
Presented herein are 101 examples of historic places, artifacts, and documents
representing our nation's heritage. Each of these tangible parts of our heritage is at
risk of destruction or deterioration. The list could be much longer. Hundreds of
other compelling examples exist in the towns, cities and countryside of our nation.
(Even as we complete this draft, we learn of additional projects such as the Navajo
Nation Tribal Council Chambers.)
These examples are not prioritized. They are offered as specific instances of the
much greater story of America. They include sites, artifacts, and documents owned
by federal agencies, state and local governments, and nonprofit organizations.
The National Trust for Historic Preservation compiled the list by contacting scores
of community preservationists across the United States. Heritage Preservation, Inc.
provided major contributions, especially in examples of artifacts and documents at
risk. Staffs of State Historic Preservation Offices, National Parks, statewide
nonprofit preservation organizations, community preservation organizations, the
General Services Administration, National Archives and Records Administration,
National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities,
Keepers of the Treasures, and Council on Library and Information Resources all
contributed examples. In addition, staff of the National Park Service reviewed and
endorse this draft.
The National Archives and Records Administration reports that one example is now
funded, thanks in part to the Save America's Treasures Program. The Charters of
Freedom Re-Encasement Project is the improved encasements of the Declaration of
Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights to preserve them into the new
millennium. The President's FY 99 budget includes $4 million for re-encasing these
precious documents and recently, the Pew Charitable Trusts completed the needed
$4 million funding with a recent grant of $800,000 announced as part of the Save
America's Treasures Program. The Pew Charitable Trusts also announced a grant
of $5 million toward the $15 million cost of restoration of the Star Spangled Banner,
to be undertaken this year by the National Museum of American History.
April 27, 1998
2
U.S.S. CONSTELLATION
Baltimore, Maryland
Launched in 1854 and possibly incorporating elements of a frigate built in
1797, this National Historic Landmark vessel served the United States
faithfully for nearly 100 years, never losing a battle. The Constellation
pursued slave-trade ships off the African coast in 1859, made the first
official naval capture of the Civil War in 1861, transported food to Ireland
during a famine in 1880 and served as a flagship during World War II.
Normally berthed in Baltimore's Inner Harbor, the Constellation is now in
dry dock to repair her rotting hull, structural elements, and decks.
$12 million is needed to fully restore and interpret the Constellation. This
full restoration includes work on structural and watertight integrity,
standing and running rigging, interior cabins, guns, and interpretation.
Restoration is critical in order for the Constellation to attract sufficient
visitors to achieve economic viability.
The Constellation Foundation has raised $6.1 million to date and is still
fundraising. A significant grant from the Save America's Treasures
Program would ensure the viability of this great ship for decades to come.
3
CONSTELLATIN
DRYOUCK
: JUI ZIMA
AMANA COLONIES
Iowa
The Amana Colonies, the longest enduring communal settlement in the
United States, is a National Historic Landmark District, comprised of seven
villages, set within 26,000 acres of farmland and forest and boasting a
unique collection of nearly 150 barns, corn cribs, sheds, and granaries. The
Amana Society, Inc. and recently formed Amana Historic Sites Foundation
are in need of funds to stabilize and rehabilitate these structures, now largely
abandoned to modern farming practices and operations. A planning process
is scheduled to begin the summer of 1998 to determine strategies for
preservation of the entire cultural landscape. $350,000 would allow
restoration of the two structures needed to complete one village as a model
for the rest.
FAIR PARK
Dallas, Texas
Fair Park, a National Historic Landmark District, was built in 1936 for the
Texas Centennial and encompasses an amazing collection of buildings and
art displaying a unique blend of classicism, Art Deco design, and traditional
Texas motifs. Most of the buildings, sculptures and murals are suffering from
deterioration and need an estimated $60 million for restoration and repairs.
The building most urgently in need of repair (the roof threatens a cave-in) is
the former Hall of Administration Building, planned for conversion into a
Women's Museum by the Foundation for Women's Resources. Estimated
cost for the rehabilitation of this building is $22 million with $5 million
dedicated for facade restoration alone. Private fundraising efforts have
brought in $10 million to date.
4
The Women's Museum
An Institute for the Future
An extraordinary statue of a woman rising from a cactus welcomes visitors to one of the oldest buildings at Fair Park in Dallas, Texas.
As unusual as the goddess at its door, this historic 1910 structure once housed livestock shows during
the day and opera performances at night. Soon to undergo extensive restoration and renovation, the building will reopen
in October 2000 as The Women's Museum: An Institute for the Future.
MONTPELIER
Orange County, Virginia
Montpelier, home to James Madison, fourth president of the United States
and "Father of the Constitution," is nestled in 2,700 acres of rolling pasture
land in the shadow of Virginia's Blue Ridge Mountains. Formal gardens
and a National Landmark Forest surround this Greek Revival house,
residence to James and Dolly Madison for nearly 85 years and the Dupont
family for almost 60 years. Opened to the public in 1987, Montpelier is
owned and operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, which
is seeking to preserve the site for public education about the life of James
Madison.
Private fund-raising efforts have allowed the Trust to fund some repairs to
the structural system and the roof, stabilizing the deterioration of the main
residence; however, additional rehabilitation is necessary to allow visitors
into more than four rooms. The Madison core, the first and second floors
and the basement level, are funding priorities as are installation of
professional exhibits detailing the lives and times of James and Dolley
Madison.
Listed on the National Trust's Most Endangered List in 1992 and 1993,
Montpelier received a $1 million pledge from President George Bush
toward the historic property's restoration. With a total estimated restoration
and interpretation cost of $25 million, a challenge grant from the Save
America's Treasures program would secure for the benefit of all American's
an irreplaceable piece of our young nation's history embodied within Mr.
Madison's Montpelier.
5
BIDDLE MEMORIAL HALL,
JOHNSON C. SMITH UNIVERSITY
Charlotte, North Carolina
Johnson C. Smith University was founded in 1867 to primarily train
African-American teachers and ministers. Biddle Hall, a National Historic
Landmark, was constructed largely with student labor in 1883, as the
administration and classroom building for the college. Biddle Hall has
suffered from deterioration and inadequate maintenance, is only partially
occupied and has total rehabilitation needs in excess of $3 million dollars.
Additional landmarks at Historically Black Colleges and Universities in
urgent need of rehabilitation include: Old Hood Building, Livingstone
College, Salisbury NC, $1.8 million; Beard Hall, Tougaloo College,
Jackson, Miss., $3 million; and Old Administration Building, Huston-
Tilloston College, Austin, TX, $2.5 million.
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT'S TALIESIN
Spring Green, Wisconsin
Frank Lloyd Wright lived and worked at Taliesin, his 600 acre enclave near
Spring Green, Wisconsin, from 1911 until his death in 1959. Today, this
National Historic Landmark, which receives 33,000 visitors annually,
suffers from serious deterioration, including water damage, foundation
settlement and wood decay. The Taliesin Preservation Commission,
Incorporated, seeks $8 million to fully restore the main residence.
6
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CHANCELLORSVILLE BATTLEFIELD
Fredericksburg, Virginia
One of the most expansive of all Civil War Battlefields and the site of more
than 30,000 casualties, Chancellorsville is considered "Lee's greatest battle."
But, the historic integrity and the visitor experience of the world famous
Chancellorsville battleground is threatened by the piece-meal erosion of its
rural character through a myriad of road projects and insensitive sprawl
development. The National Park Service needs approximately $3.5 million to
acquire the Flank Attack site.
CONSERVATORY OF FLOWERS, GOLDEN GATE PARK
San Francisco, California
The Conservatory of Flowers, erected in 1878-79, is one of the most
significant extant Victorian greenhouses in the United States. Its design was
modeled after the Royal Conservatory of Kew Gardens in London. The
structure consists of an intricate grid pattern of white-painted Gothic tracery
supporting over 30 tons of glass. The Conservatory is listed on the National
Register and is one of the most visible buildings in Golden Gate Park.
Deferred maintenance and natural forces such as storms and earthquakes
have taken a devastating toll on the building so that, after 116 years of
operation, it is now closed to the public. The Conservatory was recently
included in the World Heritage Watch, a list of 100 endangered sites around
the globe compiled by the World Monuments Fund.
An estimated $7 - 12 million is needed to fully restore the Conservatory. A
challenge grant from the Save America's Treasures Program would kick-off
a major capital campaign to save this landmark.
7
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ROBIE HOUSE
Chicago, Illinois
An architectural masterpiece designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1909-1910,
the National Historic Landmark Robie House is now the focus of a ten year
undertaking to restore the house to its original 1910 appearance. A new
partnership between the Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio Foundation
and the University of Chicago is breathing new life into this cornerstone of
American architecture. The partnership has initiated a process to develop a
$161,000 master plan for restoration with implementation costs estimated at
an additional $4.5 million.
EWA VILLAGES PLANTATION
Honolulu, Hawaii
Established in 1890, Ewa Plantation (pronounced "Eva") is a roughly 400-
acre former sugar cane plantation on the western end of Honolulu
determined eligible for listing as a National Historic Landmark. It is
representative of the plantation culture that played a fundamental role in the
modern development of Hawaii. Ewa is one of the best examples in the
islands and a potential model for other closed plantations around the state.
While the site and its still active schools, churches, industrial buildings, and
279 homes for former plantation workers were saved from demolition in
1989, funding to preserve the core part of the Ewa Plantation is urgently
needed. Central to this project is enabling former workers to continue
living in their homes and community, and at the same time preserve these
unique structures for new generations to appreciate. $50,000 would enable
the development of a financing plan. The City and County of Honolulu
own the property.
8
The Restoration and Rehabilitation of
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THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING
AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
FOUNDING FATHERS' PAPERS
United States - - Multiple Locations
The correspondence and writings of America's Founding Fathers, including
those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John
Adams, and James Madison, remain scattered in archival repositories across
the country, greatly limiting public access to them with barely half of the
papers published to date.
Projects to publish these papers in carefully annotated editions have begun.
In these editions scholars verify the documents, transcribe them for
publication, and provide introductions and footnotes to help readers
understand them. As volumes are published they become available at last to
all Americans in public libraries, school libraries, and book stores.
The National Historic Publications and Records Commission and the
National Endowment for the Humanities have been able to provide limited
assistance to funding publication of these papers. A 3-year project, with
total cost of $1,050,000, would result in publication of volumes 35 and 36
of the Papers of Benjamin Franklin ($200,000), volume 4 of George
Washington's Retirement Series ($100,000), volumes 11 and 12 of the
Papers of John Adams ($250,000), volumes 28 and 29 of the Jefferson
Papers ($250,000), and volume 5 of Madison's service as Secretary of State
under Thomas Jefferson ($250,000).
KNIGHT FOUNDRY
Sutter Creek, California
The National Register-listed Knight Foundry is the last commercial water-
powered foundry and machine shop in the United States, located in the heart
of California's Mother Lode. The foundry is currently closed, and the
private owner has repeatedly expressed an interest in selling the property.
Funding will be used to assist the community of Sutter Creek in securing an
option, at $80,000, to purchase the Foundry and its collection of artifacts for
public use. The machinery, tools, and casting forms are largely intact. Total
acquisition cost is $400,000.
9
GREAT LAKES LIGHTHOUSES
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New
York
Dotting the shores of the Great Lakes are approximately 100 historic
lighthouses, many dating from the 1800s and all evidencing the maritime
history of this part of our nation. The Federal government is deaccessioning
these lighthouses over the next several years. While not all may be saved
and restored, up to one half are located where they could be reused by new
local, county, or non-profit owners. The average estimated cost for
preservation is $300-$400,000 per lighthouse. One million dollars to local
communities could provide 20 challenge grants of $50,000 each for repair,
restoration, interpretation and programming, enabling at least a sizeable
number of light stations to retain a viable use within their communities.
MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK
Colorado
Mesa Verde, home to prehistoric people known as the Anasazi from about
1200 to 1300 AD, was included on the 1995 National Trust 11 Most
Endangered List and the 1998 World Monuments Fund listing of 100
Endangered Properties. There are approximately 5,000 documented
prehistoric sites in Mesa Verde, including 585 cliff dwellings and 45 mesa-
top towers. Collapsing walls, undermining foundations, sagging roofs,
rising damp, and eroding mortar all place these structures at risk. With an
initial investment of $500,000, the park could perform assessment to
determine which sites need preservation treatment and undertake
stabilization of the 30 most endangered sites. Cost Estimate: $9 million over
5 years.
10
Z
CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL
Little Rock, Arkansas
At its opening in 1927 Central High was hailed as the most beautiful high
school in America, but in 1957 Central High drew international attention
when federal troops were sent by President Eisenhower to protect nine
African-American students who were integrating the school. Although its
place in local, state, and national history has been well acknowledged,
Central High School is currently threatened by the toll that heavy daily use
takes on a building with repairs estimated to cost more than $6 million. A
Save America's Treasures grant will enable it to continue to operate
effectively as a high school, boasting the highest number of National Merit
Scholars of any high school in Arkansas. A historic gas station nearby will
interpret the historical importance of Central High for visitors.
THOMAS EDISON'S INVENTION FACTORY
West Orange, New Jersey
Thomas Edison's laboratory complex, in which Edison created more than
half of his 1,093 patented inventions, consists of more than a dozen
structures housing an amazing collection of 390,000 objects and more than
5 million documents, including Edison's letters and lab notes. Many of the
buildings on this National Historic Site remain in need of structural
maintenance. Edison's prototypes, valuable notes, and photographs are
decomposing because they lack proper storage and climate control. Proper
archival storage facilities, documentation and curation of artifacts and
restoration of structures are estimated to total $30 million.
11
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FORT ZACHARY TAYLOR
Key West, Florida
In the aftermath of the War of 1812, the United States, secured its borders
from foreign invasion by building dozens of coastal fortifications along the
eastern seaboard. Fort Zachary Taylor, a National Historic Landmark, is a
state-owned historic site that served throughout the Civil War and the
Spanish-American War and is now in danger of collapse. Funding of $2
million is urgently needed to repair deteriorated elements of the fort and
stabilize the masonry elements of the structure.
SENATOR JOHN POPE VILLA
Lexington, Kentucky
This National Register listed property was designed by architect Benjamin
Henry Latrobe and constructed in 1811. The Bluegrass Trust for Historic
Preservation is cooperating with the University of Kentucky's Historic
Preservation Program in conducting a very careful and expensive
restoration of the Villa after it was severely damaged by fire, but is short at
least $500,000 to complete this complex restoration.
PEMBERTON'S HEADQUARTERS
Vicksburg, Mississippi
A Greek Revival House built in 1834, this National Historic Landmark
building served as the temporary headquarters of Confederate General John
C. Pemberton during the siege of Vicksburg from 1862-1863. Inaccessible
to the public and listed by the National Trust as one of our nation's 11 Most
Endangered Historic Places in 1997, Pemberton's Headquarters fate lies
with the National Park Service and the City of Vicksburg, who are now
exploring a joint venture to purchase, restore and interpret Pemberton's
Headquarters at a cost of $1.2 million.
12
PORT GAMBLE
Port Gamble, Washington
This tiny hamlet, a National Historic Landmark District, is often referred to
as the "west coast Williamsburg," (although its mill activities have ceased
operations during the last few years). The town, founded by Andrew Pope
and William Talbot, boomed during the demand for lumber from San
Francisco in the 1800's. While the town's authenticity has been preserved,
plans for reuse of the town are unclear and tourism planning is minimal.
$100,000 is needed for master planning for rehabilitation and reuse.
MANY GLACIER HOTEL
Glacier National Park, Montana
Dating from 1913, this National Historic Landmark was built at a time when
Americans traveled by train to experience the wilderness of our great
western parks. Today, Many Glacier Hotel is threatened by a myriad of
problems include a worn-out roof, leaking and damaged windows, banging
pipes, and structural problems. Cost of repair, upgrading mechanical
systems, and restoration of public spaces is estimated at $16.6 million.
13
Lim
THIS
DOCUMENTATION OF THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE
Minneapolis, Minnesota
The United States is a nation of immigrants. Their story is best told through
diaries, letters, personal papers, local public records, and other historical
records. Documentation of the immigrant experience is currently
inadequate, fragmentary, and scattered with records often inaccessible and
physically at risk. The bulk of ethnic historic records remain outside of
archival custody, facing deterioration and loss. A national strategy is
needed to locate, preserve and make accessible these records.
The first step is to establish a national clearing house to make available, via
Web site and newsletter, information on projects to collect and preserve
documentation on the immigrant experience. Working with the Association
of Migration Institutes of North America, the clearing house would initiate
collaborative projects for preservation of immigrant records. Examples
include: the inventory and microfilming of immigrant group journals and
magazines, the survey of ethnic historical societies and museums holdings
and upgrading the quality of curatorial care, and the collection and
archiving of immigrant memoirs, diaries, family histories, and letters.
These are major recommendations of "Documenting Diversity: A Report on
the Conference on Documenting the Immigrant Experience in the United
States of America," November 1990. The clearing house will be housed at
the Immigration History Research Center of the University of Minnesota.
Annual operating costs are $100,000 with a program budget of $150,000.
THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER
Washington, District of Columbia
The Smithsonian Institution will begin the restoration of the flag which
inspired the writing of our national anthem in September 1998 with complete
reinstallation by late 2001. The project requires the development of a
conservation laboratory, the removal and cleaning of the flag, and the
reinstallation of the four-story flag in a new setting for enhanced public
viewing. Estimated cost: $15 million. The Pew Charitable Trusts recently
committed $5 million as part of the Save America's Treasures Program.
14
***
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UNION MILITARY SERVICE RECORDS
Washington, District of Columbia
The Civil War service records of 180,000 African-American volunteer
soldiers are being prepared for transfer to microfilm by the work of the
National Archives Volunteer Association, volunteers who are members of the
Civil War Conservation Corps, a group that contributes 11,000 hours of work
annually to preserve Civil War records. The next critical step in this effort is
to record the information on microfilm, but currently funds are not available.
Once on microfilm, these records would be available to the public through
National Archives and Records Administration national and regional offices.
Cost Estimate: $800,000.
CAHOKIA MOUNDS
Collinsville, East St. Louis, Illinois
Cahokia, a National Historic Landmark and World Heritage Site, is the
largest prehistoric Native American urban center in the country. Today, less
than one-third of Cahokia's original 4,000 acres is owned by the State of
Illinois, with the remaining prehistoric village site threatened by development
and urban sprawl spilling over from St. Louis, Missouri. A Save America's
Treasures grant of $500,000 to be equally matched by the state, would
enable the purchase of two priority tracts of land.
15
THE
GEORGE WASHINGTON'S OFFICE TENT
Yorktown, Virginia
Used as George Washington's private office and sleeping quarters while in
the field during the Revolutionary War Campaign this tent (or "marquee" as
it was known then) is one of the principal Washington relics and is
displayed at Colonial National Historical Park, in Jamestown/Yorktown,
Virginia. Conservation treatment and new mounting are essential if it is to
be available for future generations. This includes a dedicated heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning system necessary to maintain the stable
environment essential to the preservation of a fragile textile. Cost estimate:
$220,000.
ST. VIBIANA CATHEDRAL
Los Angeles, California
This Cathedral was listed on the National Trust's 11 Most Endangered List in
1996. It is the oldest remaining building in downtown Los Angeles. Initially
threatened with demolition by the Catholic Church, the building now awaits
sale and an adaptive reuse. The preservation community is waging a
campaign to find a buyer/developer for the Cathedral and its site. Funds
would be used for acquisition. Estimate: $750,000.
ELLIS ISLAND (South Side)
New York, New York
The buildings on the south side of Ellis Island, vacant and deteriorating, are
architecturally and culturally significant as living testament to the
immigrant experience and the treatment of communicable diseases during
the first half of the 20th century. Efforts to foster the private-sector
redevelopment of the south side have failed, and in 1996 the National Park
Service responded to the listing of the south side on the 1996 World
Monuments Fund most endangered sites listing by launching an effort to
determine the best means of preserving the south side buildings.
Stabilization cost of the buildings is estimated at $3.5 million.
16
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FORT FREDERICK
Washington County, Maryland
Fort Frederick, now a Maryland State Park and National Historic Landmark,
encapsulates American history from the colonial period to the present.
Constructed in 1756 the purpose of the fort was to protect settlers living on
Maryland's frontier from the raids by the French and their Native American
allies. The walls of Fort Frederick were built of stone, thus making this
provincial French & Indian War fort very unique. Today, over two - thirds
of the fort's walls are original.
During the Revolutionary War, Americans turned this strong fort into a
prisoner of war camp for over 2,000 British and German soldiers. The fort
was sold in 1791 and prior to the Civil War was farmed by Nathan
Williams, a former slave. It was the Williams family that lived here during
the Civil War when a company of Union troops were stationed here to
protect the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal from the Confederate army. The state
purchased the fort in 1922 and turned it into one of Maryland's first state
parks.
By the year 2006, the State of Maryland, with much public support, is
interested in completing the restoration of Fort Frederick for the 250th
Anniversary of the fort's construction. The state has appropriated $231,000
for archaeological work in preparation for the future restoration to include:
Phase I reconstruction of Officers Quarters ($1 million), exhibits and
furnishings for the Officers Quarters ($ 250,000) and reconstruction of
firing platforms, catwalks, and the powder magazine ($1.4 million); Phase
II- reconstruction of the road system in the historic area ($1,300,000); and
Phase III- construction of a public comfort station in the historic area
($700,000).
17
VICTORIA MANSION
Portland, Maine
Built between 1858 and 1860, the Victoria Mansion is perhaps the nation's
finest example of Italianate Villa style architecture and interior fashion and
technology. The richly decorated interiors feature frescoed walls and
ceilings, elaborate carvings and plasterwork, and stained glass, all of which
are highly intact and internationally renowned. The Victoria Society of
Maine has owned the National Historic Landmark since 1943 and has
undertaken many restoration efforts, but currently needs $2-3 million to
solve structural and drainage problems.
CUYAHOGA COUNTY SOLDIERS AND SAILORS MONUMENT
Designed by Captain Levi Tucker Scofield and Executed by Scofield and
George T. Brewster
Cleveland, Ohio
This bronze Civil War monument is unique in its artistry and scale,
representing both the Union and Confederate sides, portraying the grim
reality of brother fighting brother, and including African American soldiers.
Four statuary groupings depict the Infantry, Artillery, Cavalry, and Navy in
the heat of battle grouped around a 125' granite column topped with an
Amazonian statue of Liberty. Over the past 103 years, outdoor pollutants
have deteriorated the monument. To date $240,000 has been raised toward
the $410,000 restoration budget. Cost Estimate: $210,000.
18
and
LONGFELLOW HISTORIC SITE (1759)
Cambridge, Massachusetts
This house was the home of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow from 1837 to
1882. George Washington used the house as his headquarters during the
siege of Boston. At his desk in the study, Longfellow wrote the "Midnight
Ride of Paul Revere" and corresponded with Charles Dickens and Thomas
Carlyle. He also entertained friends like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver
Wendell Holmes and Charles Summer in the front rooms of the house. The
site is also home to extremely valuable documents and archives that are
waiting, in non-climate-controlled conditions, to be identified, documented
and stored. All of its artifacts are original and the collection is complete to
the time of the Longfellow residency. Examples of the collection range
from a lottery ticket that once belonged to George Washington and a Civil
War Union uniform with bullet hole to furnishings, decorative art pieces,
and hundreds of thousands of letters, journals and photographs including
documents from George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Ralph Waldo
Emerson, Charles Dickens, and Abraham Lincoln.
Although the house is part of the National Park System, it lacks $730,000
for critical collections and landscape preservation needs.
19
IN
will
MOCCASIN BEND NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK
Chattanooga, Tennessee
An array of continuous prehistoric and historic sites chronicling important
aspects of human history of North America for over 10,000 years exists at
Moccasin Bend, a distinctly configured peninsula of the Tennessee River.
Located adjacent to the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military
Park, water recreational activity and the lack of a management plan is
causing riverbank erosion leading to the loss of archaeological artifacts and
Native American graves at this National Historic Landmark site. The
earthworks on the site are also threatened from the dense vegetation and
undergrowth which needs to be removed. Estimated cost to stave off
erosion of the riverbank and the earthworks is $4.9 million.
RIVER ROAD PLANTATIONS
Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana
A series of National Historic Landmark plantations including Oak Alley,
Homeplace and Evergreen (among others) are temporarily safe, but are
continually threatened with insensitive development plans and the threat of
demolition from petrochemical plants along the Mississippi River. $1 million
to aid state level efforts to purchase plantations, buy development rights, or
simply to stabilize and rehabilitate such at-risk sites as Whitney Plantation is
needed to help preserve this unique corridor.
SHELDON JACKSON COLLEGE
Sitka, Alaska
Sheldon Jackson College, currently the subject of a National Park Service
National Historic Landmark study, is a remarkably intact rustic-style college
located in Sitka, Alaska. The financially-strapped college, which has
historically served a predominately Native student body, has made a tentative
commitment to preserving its one-of-a-kind campus. Unfortunately, Sitka's
harsh rainy climate and geographic isolation present a great preservation
challenge. Funds would be used for rehabilitation. Cost estimate: $750,000.
20
WAIKIKI WAR MEMORIAL NATATORIUM
Honolulu, Hawaii
This remarkable Beaux Arts sea water swimming complex has survived the
tremendous pressures of Waikiki's growth, but may not survive much
longer without stabilization and upgrading. The facility is closed, but
public sentiment to save the complex is strong. The complex was built to
honor the state's WWI veterans. It was listed in the National Trust's 1995
11 Most Endangered list. Friends of the Natatorium are working to save this
treasure, but the cost of $12 million still remains.
TOPAZ INTERNMENT CAMP
Delta, Utah
During World War II, 8,000 Japanese Americans were evacuated and
interned at Topaz as part of Executive Order 9066. Today, the desolate,
wind-swept, desert site still contains evidence of human habitation.
Foundations, artifacts and remnants of the built environment survive. A
grassroots group, the Topaz Museum Board, recently purchased 400 acres
of the 640 acre camp in order to stop the systematic destruction of the site
by residential redevelopment. The Museum is studying ways to interpret
the site with public access. Funding would be used for archeological work
and restoration. Cost estimate: $100,000.
21
-
BENEDICT ARNOLD GUNBOAT
Lake Champlain, Vermont and New York
Discovered this summer by researchers from the Lake Champlain Maritime
Museum in Vermont, the 54-foot vessel laying on the bottom of Lake
Champlain is one of the gunboats used by Benedict Arnold's squadron
while engaged the British in the Battle of Valcour Island in 1776. Legacy
funds have been provided to develop a management plan for the gunboat. A
committee of experts will be assembled to assess all management options,
including raising the boat in place. Funding will be needed to preserve, and
interpret this remarkable shipwreck, and to protect it from invasive zebra or
quagga mussels. Early funding estimates are $10 to 15 million.
GOVERNMENT HOUSE IN AMERICAN SAMOA
American Samoa
Built as the US Naval Governor's residence in 1903, since 1951 this
National Historic Landmark has been the home of the civilian governors of
American Samoa. The building is suffering from deterioration and termite
damage. The American Samoan government owns this structure but has no
tax base from which to draw the $100,000 needed for rehabilitation.
NICODEMUS
Nicodemus, Kansas
This small town (pop. 40) on the plains of western Kansas is the oldest
African American settlement in the West, established in 1877 by freed
blacks who left the South during Reconstruction in search of independence
and prosperity. Designated a National Historic Site in 1996, Nicodemus is
in danger of losing its few remaining historic buildings if immediate
stabilization does not occur. Cost Estimate: $500,000.
22
BRISTOL COUNTY COURTHOUSE
Bristol, Rhode Island
Once the renovation of this early 19th c. National Register property on
Bristol Common is complete, this site will again serve the greater
communities of Bristol, Warren, and Barrington, an 'interactive classroom'
dedicated to teaching history and geography to elementary and middle school
children through classes, lectures, and student dramatized re-enactments.
The Bristol County Courthouse originally served as one of the five State
Houses that Rhode Island's governing body would alternately occupy to
facilitate citizen access to their government. Total restoration is estimated at
$550,000.
JOHN MITCHELL MONUMENT
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Members of the United Mine Workers raised the necessary funds to
commission this monument by Charles Keck and the Roman Bronze
Company, erected in 1924, honoring John Mitchell, who is buried in
Scranton, a city where he received his greatest support as a labor leader.
The monument reads, "Champion of Labor: Defender of Human Rights."
Bas reliefs depicting the life of the miner at home and in the mines decorate
the granite base; a heroic scale bronze sculpture of John Mitchell is the
focus of the monument. Cost estimate: $30,000.
SHERIDAN INN
Sheridan, Wyoming
Wyoming is in danger of losing its National Historic Landmark hotel, the
Sheridan Inn, built by the Burlington and Missouri Railroad in 1892 and later
managed by Buffalo Bill Cody. The Inn is jointly owned by the City and
County of Sheridan on a lease agreement with Sheridan Heritage Center, a
community-based non-profit, which has raised close to $1 million for
restoration with an additional $2.5 million needed to complete the project and
re-open the Inn to the public.
23
NATIONAL FILM PRESERVATION FOUNDATION
United States - - Multiple Locations
The National Film Preservation Foundation was created by an act of
Congress in 1996 to raise private funds to support national film preservation.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the American Film Institute
created the first nationally coordinated effort in film preservation and the
existence of the momentum which the movement achieved. Only about half
of the American Films produced before 1950 have survived. Many films are
currently in danger of physically withering. The Foundation has raised
approximately $300,000 to date and is scheduled to receive $250,000 in
appropriated funds in 1999. They estimate the preservation task to require a
budget of $3 to $5 million a year.
OLD ST. LOUIS POST OFFICE
St. Louis, Missouri
This 113-year-old National Historic Landmark, among St. Louis' most
historic and prominent downtown buildings, will soon stand vacant as the
General Services Administration plans to vacate the structure by the end of
1998. A market analysis to determine economically viable uses, do initial
schematic planning, and address transportation problems and opportunities
is needed. Cost estimate: $500,000.
MT. RUSHMORE NATIONAL MEMORIAL, 1930
Gutzon Borglum, National Park Service, Keystone, South Dakota
This monument to four of the nation's prominent presidents suffers from
144 cracks in the rock in addition to surface hairline cracks. As a first step
to ensure stabilization, the monument needs to be carefully monitored by
installing a $110,000 rock block monitoring system. The first $75,000 was
covered in FY98 budget; the balance needed is $35,000.
24
CHESAPEAKE & OHIO CANAL HISTORIC PARK
(MONOCACY AQUEDUCT)
Dickerson, Maryland
More than 184.5 miles long and boasting 11 of its 12 original aqueducts
(including the most threatened, the Monocacy Aqueduct), the C & O Canal
represents a historic engineering feat which, today, is imperiled from more
than a century of natural disasters including damage caused by Hurricane
Agnes in 1972 and flooding from 1996 which threw piles of debris against
the piers. Unless the damage is corrected, the Monocacy Aqueduct could
collapse, severing the towpath and effectively cutting the C & O Canal
National Historic Park in two. The aqueduct, which stretches across the
Monocacy River near its junction with the Potomac, is the focus for
restoration efforts by the C & O Canal Association, a private non-profit
which is raising the $600,000 needed to begin stabilization work on the
Monocacy Aqueduct, the first component of an estimated $10 million
restoration project.
FORT ROBINSON
Dawes County, Nebraska
This National Historic Landmark fort, established in 1874 to protect the
nearby Red Cloud Indian Agency, played a key role in the Indian Wars and
was the site of Sioux Chief Crazy Horse's death in 1877. Now used for
museum interpretation and visitor lodging, many of the Fort's 49 intact
historic buildings require restoration after years of deferred maintenance,
and $5 million is needed to fund this restoration program.
25
LICE
NIN
ANDERSON COTTAGE
("LINCOLN'S SUMMER WHITE HOUSE")
Washington, District of Columbia
Camp David, Warm Springs places of retreat where our nation's greatest
leaders have retired for the quiet and solitude needed to shape their thoughts
and, eventually, the nation's destiny. Just such a retreat was Anderson
Cottage, constructed in 1842-43 and named after Major Robert Anderson,
who commanded Fort Sumter at the outbreak of the Civil War. This
National Historic Landmark property served as the summer White House to
numerous presidents, the most notable being Abraham Lincoln.
Located on the grounds of the U.S. Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, this
Gothic Revival cottage was home to Lincoln and his family during one-
quarter of his presidency. Today the cottage suffers from the weariness of
time and stress. Once a country retreat for the Lincoln family, Anderson
Cottage is now an office building with peeling paint and falling plaster.
The Lincoln Forum of the Civil War Education Association and the
National Trust are working closely with the National Park Service and the
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home to develop an appropriate public use for the
facility. Currently, funding is needed for a comprehensive resource study to
gather the historical documentation, determine the best public use, and
develop the restoration plan to return the Anderson Cottage to its Lincoln-
like appearance. It is estimated that $3 million will be necessary for an
authentic restoration.
26
X
UNTITLED FRIEZE, (1942), SARGENT JOHNSON
San Francisco, California
Sargent Johnson pioneered in the development of a distinctly African-
American presence in the visual arts. This enormous stone relief, located at
the outdoors athletic field of George Washington High School which
depicts athletic events and desperately needs stabilization and treatment at a
cost of $75,000. The frieze measures 12 feet high by 185 feet long and
stands between 6 and 8 feet off the ground. There is an area where pieces of
the frieze are chipping and out of plane. (In March 1998, the San Francisco
Museum of Modern Art opened a major retrospective of Johnson's work.)
ADOBE CHURCHES OF NEW MEXICO
New Mexico
Scattered across the deserts and mountains of New Mexico is the largest and
most diverse assemblage of publicly used earthen buildings in the United
States. Almost one-third of the state's 362 catalogued earthen churches are
now in imminent danger of loss or severe damage due to shrinking
congregations, well-intentioned but misdirected preservation, and lack of
technical skills to initiate repairs and restoration. An award-winning
nonprofit organization, Cornerstones, needs funding to support community
efforts to stabilize and restore approximately 200 of these historic structures.
The most significant of these churches suffer from moisture penetration,
cracking plaster and deteriorating footings, and the inappropriate use of
cement plaster. Costs for restoration of three of these landmark structures
are estimated as follows: Nuestra Senora de la Luz, $250,000; San Jose del
Chama (captured in the famous 1941 Ansel Adams photograph, "Moonrise
over Hernadez"), $100,000; and San Estevan del Rey in Acoma Pueblo,
$400,000.
27
+
WHEELOCK ACADEMY AND MISSION
McCurtain County, Oklahoma
As the first national academy founded under the Choctaw Nation's Act of
1842, the Wheelock Academy became the model for some 35 academies and
seminaries established by the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory. A
National Historic Landmark, the buildings, which include the three
educational structures owned by the Choctaw Nation and the oldest standing
church building in Oklahoma (owned by a non-profit), are vacant,
deteriorating, and in need of substantial stabilization work before a new use
can be found. $1 million is needed for rehabilitation of the Academy's main
building.
HISTORIC COUNTY COURTHOUSES OF TEXAS
Texas
Texas' 222 county courthouses are historically the center of community
public life. But these great temples of justice are falling prey to a lack of
funding for maintenance and conservation, and a lack of long range planning.
Currently, the Texas Historical Commission and Preservation Texas are
working to secure funding from the Texas legislature for restoration of 55 of
the oldest and most historic courthouses -- with an estimated cost of $150
million. To build the case for a request to the Texas legislature for funding
these first, most endangered courthouses, measured drawings of their current
configurations and conservation of their original architectural drawings and
records is planned. Cost estimate: $1-2 million.
28
1)
И
HISTORY OF MAIL DELIVERY MURALS
Cleveland, Ohio
This grouping of 35 paintings, completed in 1908 by Francis Davis Millet,
is currently in storage awaiting repair and conservation for reinstallation in
Cleveland's Beaux Arts style Federal Building/U.S. Courthouse. Total
preservation cost is $100,000 and includes $17,000 for assessment and
$83,000 for conservation and reinstallation.
OLD SUMMERTON HIGH SCHOOL
Summerton, South Carolina
Built in 1936 and nationally significant for its association with a series of
court cases encompassed within the landmark Brown V. the Board of
Education Supreme Court decision, the Old Summerton High School was
closed in 1987 and is steadily deteriorating. Currently owned by the
Clarendon County School Board, efforts have been made to unite the
community by raising funds to adaptively use the building as a community
center or elderly housing. The cost for rehabilitation is conservatively
estimated between $500,000 and $750,000.
KAKE CANNERY
Kake, Alaska
The Kake Cannery, a National Historic Landmark complex dating from
1912, is the most significant of the remaining Pacific coast salmon
canneries. The cannery was recently designated a National Historic
Landmark. Held in trust by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the Organized
Village of Kake, the complex is situated on an isolated island in Southeast
Alaska and the buildings are in need of stabilization and restoration. Total
rehabilitation cost is $4.6 million but current priorities could be addressed
with $1.3 million.
29
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1.5
SITTING BULL DRAWINGS
Washington, District of Columbia
A signed, autobiographical set of 22 drawings made in 1882 documenting
Sitting Bull's deeds of military honor were laminated in the 1960's to
provide support for the brittle paper on which they were produced. Because
the laminate is now deteriorating, they must be delaminated, cleaned and
stabilized. Additionally, digitization would allow intellectual access
without continued handling. These self-portraits of Sitting Bull are
preserved in the collections of the National Anthropological Archives of the
Smithsonian Institution. Cost estimate: $45,000.
MORMON ROW
Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming
With settlements dating from 1910 to 1930, Mormon Row represents the
final stages of the Homestead Period in the West. Left to deteriorate after
the creation of Grand Teton National Park in the 1950s, the National Park
Service has undertaken restoration of a few structures, but lacks the
$600,000 necessary to restore and interpret the homestead buildings.
VISTA HOUSE, HISTORIC COLUMBIA RIVER HIGHWAY
Multnomah County, Oregon
A unique monument, crafted by human hands, this double-tiered octagon of
stone was dedicated in 1919 as the crowning point for the Historic
Columbia River Highway, recently nominated as a National Historic
Landmark. Visitors to Vista House travel a winding historic roadway,
heralded as the engineering feat of its time and designated as one of the
nation's most scenic byways. Today, however, as visitor's experience the
breathtaking panorama of the Columbia River Gorge through the arching
windows of Vista House, their vision is marred by the deteriorating
stonework and cracking plaster that frames the view from within the walls
of Vista House. The cost to repair the leaking copper roof, cracking marble
and terrazzo floors, broken light fixtures, and rusting iron railings is
estimated at $2 million.
30
AMERICAN BALLET THEATRE CHOREOGRAPHY
PRESERVATION
United States ⑉ Multiple Locations
In the past, nuances of classic works have been passed down through
generations of dancers from the initial choreographer as the only means of
preservation. This project would compile extant knowledge and bring 15-20
classic American pieces to the stage while concurrently teaching the dances
to young dancers and recording them on videotape. Two million dollars is
needed and $1,250,000 is already committed. Cost Estimate: $750,000.
BATH-HAVERHILL COVERED BRIDGE
Bath and Haverhill, New Hampshire
Built in 1829, this is the oldest existing covered bridge in New Hampshire
and the country. Due to problems with weight loads, the bridge has been
bypassed by a new one, but the towns still plan to use it for bicyclists and
pedestrians. The two towns need funding support, estimated at $350,000, for
repairs to its roof, siding, deck, and two-span town lattice truss structure.
(The bridge is physically in the village of Woodsville, which is within the
towns of Bath and Haverhill.)
ROTUNDA MURALS
Washington, District of Columbia
The Barry Faulkner murals in the Rotunda of the National Archives Building
in Washington D. C. depict the drafting of the Declaration of Independence
and the Constitution. The proposed 1999 Federal budget includes funds to
rehouse and display the Charters of Freedom documents in a way to
minimize their deterioration. The Rotunda murals however, painted in 1936,
need cleaning and refurbishing which is currently unfunded. Cost Estimate:
$1,200,000.
31
THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF INDIANA
Bloomington, Indiana
Commissioned for the Chicago Century of Progress Exposition of 1933 and
donated to the University of Indiana afterwards, Thomas Hart Benton's epic
mural cycle is the longest continual mural cycle in the world, more than 200
feet in length and 12 feet high. It depicts an American "people's history" but
deterioration risks its loss. Restoration will be accompanied by photography
to include in a book on murals and video documentation of the restoration
process for television and classroom audiences. Total cost is $500,000 and
$300,000 has already been contributed by the National Endowment for the
Arts, the University of Indiana, and individuals. Cost Estimate: $200,000.
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCHES
Alaska
Perhaps no other single resource type so eloquently illustrate's Alaska's rich
cultural legacy than it numerous Russian Orthodox churches. The Russian
Orthodox faith is the primary faith of Native Alaskans and Aleuts, and has
played a role in Alaska similar in importance to that of Catholicism among
Latin Americans. These churches, a number of which have been designated
National Historic Landmark's are scattered in communities around the state.
While the Church is committed to preservation, the predominantly Native
congregations frequently lack the financial resources needed to adequately
preserve the buildings and their priceless icons. $100,000 alleviate threats of
lack of money, harsh weather, and past inappropriate conservation efforts.
32
FREEMAN HOUSE
Los Angeles, California
The Freemans were prominent Jewish intellectuals who entertained a host of
avant-garde artists, dancers and actors during Los Angeles' evolution as a
major metropolis. This Hollywood Hills house is richly designed by Frank
Lloyd Wright utilizing his unique masonry tile system. Unfortunately the
Freeman House, owned by the University of Southern California, was
seriously damaged during the last major earthquake and remains closed.
Funds would be used for rehabilitation. Cost estimate: $750,000.
MAPES HOTEL
Reno, Nevada
This last surviving art deco high rise in downtown Reno is a threatened icon
of the historical development of the city. Most downtown historical
structures have all but vanished with the latest wave of casino complexes
built during the last decade. The Mapes, empty and abandoned, is situated on
a prime location along the Truckee River. Funding would be used to support
rehabilitation. Cost estimate: $750,000.
JINSHA SHRINE
Maui, Hawaii
Built in 1915, this is one of only two known Shinto shrines remaining in
Hawaii, in contrast to the numerous surviving Buddhist temples. This
wooden structure was built by Japanese Issei - first generation immigrants -
who worked on the sugar plantations. It is an outstanding architectural
accomplishment, combining their traditional methods of carpentry, joinery
and designs with local elements and materials. The unpainted wood is fitted
together without the use of nails. The resulting structure is an irreplaceable
blend of ancient traditions adapted to newly established lifestyles. This
shrine to worship nature and ancestors has been lovingly cared for by its
small and elderly congregation, but is in serious need of repair. The
congregation has neither the funds nor the special expertise to restore this
National Register temple. Estimate: $300,000.
33
AIR THE
LE
CHESTERFIELD
Idaho
Chesterfield is a remarkable Mormon agricultural community located in
remote southeast Idaho. At its peak during the turn of the century,
Chesterfield had a population of just over 400. While today the community
is almost a ghost town, many of its historic structures, including most of its
major public buildings, survive, offering a unique illustration of a Mormon
pioneer community. Most of the town site has been acquired, with the
support of residents, by the non-profit Chesterfield Foundation, which is
leading the ongoing restoration efforts. Funding would contribute greatly
towards restoration, since these efforts are taking place as summer work
camps with volunteer labor. Cost estimate: $100,000.
PRAIRIE CHURCHES OF NORTH DAKOTA
North Dakota
North Dakota's diverse collection of prairie churches, which represents a
broad range of ethnic backgrounds and religious persuasions, is in danger of
being lost forever due to deferred maintenance and shrinking congregations.
A small investment of $150,000, now, will provide $10,000 matching
rehabilitation grants to ten of the state's most threatened churches, and will
provide technical assessments for another fifty, enabling tiny but dedicated
congregations and community groups to preserve these historic buildings in
order to serve North Dakota rural communities for another 100 years.
34
THE
U.S. COURTHOUSE, SAVANNAH
Savannah, Georgia
This Second Revival Renaissance building, built between 1894 and 1899 by
Architect Jeremiah O'Rourke, was constructed where John Wesley, founder
of Methodism, preached in 1736 and 1737 -- the site of the prior courthouse
erected by James Oglethorpe, founder of the Georgia colony. The General
Services Administration estimates that $5 million is needed to complete
preservation work including roof repair, restoration of exterior and public
spaces and renovation of the historic District courtroom.
TENTH STREET BRIDGE
Great Falls, Montana
This graceful arched bridge across the Missouri River (1920, National
Register) was recently saved from the wrecking ball and, in response to a
spirited citizens campaign, adopted by the City of Great Falls. Although a
local nonprofit preservation group has committed to raise funds for
rehabilitation ($350,000 in 5 years, to supplement $400,000 in federal and
state transportation funds), with the goal of fully restoring the historic bridge
and integrating it into Great Falls' popular Rivers Edge pedestrian/bicycle
trail system, the Tenth Street Bridge remains threatened because the cost of
rehabilitating the bridge ($750,000) may outstrip the nonprofit's fundraising
capacity.
35
ABORIGINAL ROCK ART
Homol'ovi State Park, Arizona
These rock art panels emphasize the ancient associations among the
Anasazi, Hohokam, Mogollon, and Sinagua cultures. Located on adjacent
embankments along Route 66 and another highway, they have suffered
extreme vandalism and erosion. Strategies for preservation are complicated
by the need to coordinate among the Arizona State Land Department,
Arizona State Parks, Arizona Department of Transportation, and the
Arizona State Museum. Funds will be used to treat the rock art to remove or
diminish the effects of vandalism, to create barriers such as fencing that will
increase security to prevent future vandalism and erosion, and to improve
and direct safe public access by creating a trail. Cost Estimate: $100,000.
BOB-LO BOATS
Detroit, Michigan
The Bob-Lo boats are a significant memory to decades of southeast Michigan
citizens. "A first kiss," is a common and fond recollection throughout the
area. Formerly known as the Steamers' Columbia and Ste. Claire, these
excursion steamers were most known for transporting visitors between
Detroit and the Bob-Lo Island amusement park. From 1902 and 1910,
through 1991, these paddle-wheel steamers carried as many as 650,000
passengers a season.
Since 1991, these National Historic Landmarks have quietly sat unused,
deteriorating and awaiting an uncertain future. A local non-profit acquired
both boats in 1993 with the intention of restoring the Columbia. What is
needed is a detailed study and business plan for the reuse of the Columbia.
Estimated cost is $50,000. To date, cost estimates to put the Columbia back
in use have ranged from $1 million to $2 million.
36
LED
CHARLES M WA
|
4
IMPERILED ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK
United States - Multiple Locations
The work of major photographers such as Ansel Adams, Alfred Bierstadt,
Matthew Brady, W. H. Jackson, Eliot Porter, and Carleton Watkins is
contained in nitrate negatives, roll film, and motion picture film that is
slowly disintegrating. Unless stored at a very low temperature, cellulose
nitrate film gives off acidic nitrate oxide gases, damaging surrounding
materials and causing embrittlement of paper and film. This important
collection of American images is located in 142 National Parks. The
collection needs to be duplicated, rehoused, and returned to the multiple
Park sites. Cost estimate: $3,347,062
GETTYSBURG CYCLORAMA
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
This colossal panoramic painting of "Picketts Charge" measures 356 feet by
26 feet, and is one of the few existing cycloramas left in the world. The
painting is currently displayed in a Park Service facility that is not large
enough to allow it to be hung properly. As a result, the fabric of the painting
is subject to severe stress factors that cause it to fold and buckle along its
entire surface. The painting was last rehung in 1962 and the adhesive used
attracts and absorbs moisture, which exacerbates the stress. The painting
needs to be cleaned, conserved and rehung. Cost estimate: $5 million.
37
MADONNA OF THE TRAIL, AUGUST LEIMBACH
Springfield, Ohio, and Washington, Pennsylvania
Commissioned by the Daughters of the American Revolution, Madonna of
the Trail (1920) was placed in 12 cities along the National Old Trails Road
of Westward expansion crossing twelve states and combines five old trails.
The Madonna sculptures in Ohio and Pennsylvania are located on the
Cumberland or National Road, the only highway ever built directly by the
federal government. These are the two sculptures most in need of attention.
Cost estimate: $40,000 each.
THE HERBARIUM OF HENRY DAVID THOREAU
circa 1850-1862
Cambridge, Massachusetts
An herbarium at Harvard University of about 800 specimens collected by
Thoreau are organized in five volumes, loosely mounted on thin folio-sized
paper, numbered in pencil and arranged in systematic order according to
Asa Gray's Manual of Botany. The specimens appear to be in the condition
in which Thoreau left them, and extensive conservation work is required to
prepare them for use by researchers, costing $60,000.
NASA SPACESUITS
Washington, District of Columbia
Materials in these suits are deteriorating rapidly, endangering the only
records of this stage of space technology. Proper and adequate storage is
needed to prevent further and accelerated deterioration of the NASA Space
Suits. Proper storage will increase the ability to display the suits and to
rotate them for exhibit at the Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution. If proper storage is not acquired, these space suits may not
continue to be displayed to the public due to their increased deterioration
and fragile condition. Environmental storage will cost $175,000.
38
SOUTHWESTERN PIETA
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Luis Jiminez is an internationally significant and highly respected Mexican-
American contemporary artist. His outdoor sculpture titled "Vaquero" sits at
the entrance of the National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian
Institution. Jimenez's colorful fiberglass works are found throughout the
Southwest, California, and Texas. Located in one of Albuquerque's oldest
original Hispanic neighborhoods on the grounds of a Spanish and art
magnet school, the Pieta is loved by neighborhood residents who purchased
and installed lighting for the sculpture. Due to the region's harsh elements
and acid particulates, the sculpture's brilliant colors have faded and the
protective coating has deteriorated. Cost estimate: $25,000.
SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH WITH FAMOUS STAINED
GLASS WINDOW COLLECTION
Chicago, Illinois
This church's stained-glass windows define an interior that is one of the
world's finest examples of the Arts & Crafts Movement. The exceptional
collection of stained-glass windows are by Louis C. Tiffany, McCully &
Miles, Louis J. Millet and Sir Edward Burne-Jones for William Morris and
Co. Paint has begun to fail on the stained glass images of several windows.
Tiffany's plated glass required carved leads that are very costly and labor
intensive to restore. Cost estimate: over $1 million.
39
WEST BADEN SPRINGS HOTEL
The Springs Valley, Indiana
Billed as the "Eighth Wonder of the World" the West Baden Springs Hotel
was built in 1902 on the site of a hotel that had burned to the ground in a
spectacular three-hour fire. Owner Lee W. Sinclair pledged to build a
bigger, better and "absolutely fireproof" hotel within one year. It was tough
to find an architect to meet the timetable and challenge of the immense 6-
story domed atrium Sinclair envisioned, but Harrison Albright, a young
architect from West Virginia, took on that challenge and succeeded. Guests
arrived from all over the world to "take the waters", enjoy the luxurious
accommodations, and perhaps partake of the illegal gambling that
flourished in The Springs Valley. But the stock market crash of 1929 ended
the fun.
It was successively used for a Jesuit seminary, a private college, and then
was vacant. Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana stabilized the most
critical deterioration in 1991 and, with the help of an anonymous donor,
acquired the property in 1996. With the help of a primary benefactor and
many small contributions, HLFI will have invested $21.5 million by
October of 1998 to achieve a 30% restoration. The 250 acre property and
structures are in need of complete rehabilitation and $6 million would
restore 60 rooms to provide initial cash flow and make the property more
attractive to a final developer.
40
FRANK E. MOSS COURTHOUSE
Salt Lake City, Utah
Construction of this building between 1902 and 1905 (after a design by
Architect James Knox Taylor) introduced the Greek Revival style to Utah.
The oldest structure in the Exchange Place Historic District, the
preservation component of this project includes restoring three courtrooms,
the original lobbies and corridors and the building's facade and is estimated
at $16 million.
FORT SNELLING HISTORIC DISTRICT/UPPER POST
St. Paul, Minnesota
The Upper Post, constructed between 1879 and 1905, is where Civil War
troops were trained, administration for Dakota Territory was housed, and
soldiers were inducted or trained from the Spanish-American War through
World War I & II. The majority of the upper fort area was transferred to the
State of Minnesota in 1971 and an adaptive reuse plan has been developed
which will need $1.9 million for implementation. A $500,000 Save
America's Treasures grant could be leveraged 3:1 by the State of
Minnesota.
LOUIS ARMSTRONG ARCHIVES
Queens, New York
This archive at Queens College/CUNY holds a unique collection of
personally recorded reel-to-reel tapes. These rare recordings contain
invaluable documentation about Louis Armstrong's life, his colleagues, and
his music, all recorded by Armstrong himself. Of the more than six hundred
reels, many of which are deteriorating due to age, at least half require
immediate preservation copying by qualified audio technicians. Cost
estimate: in excess of $100,000.
41
FARISH STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT
Jackson, Mississippi
The Farish Street neighborhood, originally established in the 1880s, was
Jackson, Mississippi's first African American neighborhood. Over the past
five years, the Farish Street Historic District Foundation has developed a
revitalization strategy for the neighborhood, a National Register district,
which encompasses heritage tourism, affordable housing, and
entertainment. The Smith-Robertson Museum, housed in a former school
building, is a repository for local African American history. Plans are
underway to create a neighborhood museum celebrating the life of a
prominent midwife. The historic Alamo Theater has been restored and is
used for community activities. The Foundation recently broke ground for a
35-unit housing rehabilitation project.
The Foundation is currently raising funds to redevelop the commercial
buildings on Farish Street into an entertainment district similar to Beale
Street in Memphis. This once vibrant blues nightclub district spawned
many blues musicians who went on to national prominence, including the
legendary Robert Johnson. Future plans include the rehabilitation of the
King Edward Hotel, listed on the National Register, and Union Station.
Of the total budgeted $13.7 million for the entertainment district, $8.7
million has been raised.
WALKER EVANS ARCHIVES
Manhattan, New York
The progenitor of the documentary tradition in American photography,
Evans recorded the daily lives of ordinary citizens and created an
encyclopedic visual catalogue of his time, photographs that in essence
answer the question "what is most American about America?" His archive,
housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, contains unpublished letters and
papers, his collection of books, roadside signs and picture postcards, in
addition to his life's work--40,000 negatives and transparencies. Cost
estimate: $250,000.
42
MONTEZUMA'S CASTLE
Montezuma, New Mexico
The cornerstone of a fashionable resort developed by the Santa Fe Railroad
in the foothills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Montezuma Hotel is a
grand 90,000-square-foot Queen Anne-style fantasy designed by famed
Chicago architects Burnham and Root and completed in 1885. Now located
at the heart of the American campus of United World College, years of
deferred maintenance and vandalism has caused serious damage that will
take millions to repair.
SOTTERLEY PLANTATION
Hollywood, Maryland
The Sotterley Plantation, a National Historic Site, was threatened with
closure in 1993 due to costs of upkeep and restoration necessary for
continued public visitation. Constructed ca. 1710, this former tobacco
plantation survives as a complete historic ensemble which includes a manor
house, 1830's slave cabin, an 18th century necessary, smoke house, a 1767
customs house and a series of other plantation dependencies. A full
restoration program addressing structural damage to all the buildings
requires $2 million. Fundraising efforts by Sotterley Foundation has
resulted in state and federal commitments totaling $1 million. Preservation
Maryland has committed over $50,000 to work on the site including an
interpretive program addressing the multi-cultural history of the plantations
residents. An additional $1 million is needed to complete the restoration
program.
43
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11
ANDREW WYETH PAINTINGS
Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania
Andrew Wyeth is considered to be one of the most important American
painters of the 20th century. The surfaces of his tempera paintings are dry
and velvety, but are very fragile. A white efflorescence is exuded as the
medium ages. Some museums now have a moratorium on loaning and
exhibiting their Wyeth paintings, opting instead to store them in drawers
where they are protected but cannot be seen. Funds for research to
determine the best treatment approach and then its implementation could
allow beautiful paintings that have been stored out of sight for years to
again be seen and enjoyed. Cost estimate: $350,000.
CONFEDERATE ARMORY AND MILL COMPLEX
Tallassee, Alabama
Built in 1844 and made of hand cut stone from the Tallapoosa River bank,
the Armory/Mill Complex is one of Alabama's 10 Most Endangered Sites
and is the only Confederate arsenal not destroyed by Union troops during
the Civil War. The all volunteer Talisi Historical Preservation Society is
currently raising $180,000 to purchase the massive Mill building. $500,000
would help complete the purchase of the property and begin stabilization
efforts to adaptively use the complex.
ROUNDHOUSE COMPLEX
Martinsburg, West Virginia
Listed on the National Register as a site associated with the Great Railroad
Strike of 1877, the Roundhouse is currently owned by CSX and is
considered surplus property by the railroad. An adjacent railroad station has
been returned to use by AMTRAK and MARC. The Roundhouse is a key
property for downtown revitalization efforts in Martinsburg. $1 million
would be needed to begin restoration of the exterior wrought iron framing
for the building and complete the adaptive use plans for the structure.
44
FIRE il Hill
HE
SAMUEL HUNTINGTON BIRTHPLACE
Scotland, Connecticut
This early house, birthplace of Samuel Huntington, a signer of the
Declaration of Independence and president of the Second Continental
Congress from 1779-1781, survives in relatively unaltered condition,
although in need of restoration. The Governor Samuel Huntington Trust
has received both grants and private donations for the project, but still needs
to raise $200,000, with the goal of opening the house as a museum and
educational facility.
LEWIS AND CLARK HERBARIUM
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Thomas Jefferson's mandate to Meriweather Lewis and William Clark to
thoroughly document their search for a water route between the Mississippi
River and Pacific Ocean produced one of the nation's greatest treasures. The
Lewis and Clark Herbarium (1804 - 1806), housed at the Academy of
Natural Sciences. Two hundred and twenty-six herbarium sheets with plant
specimens from the trip survive. Approximately $100,000 is needed to
fireproof and upgrade climate controlled housing, repair the specimens from
years of research use, and produce a computerized database available
through the Internet with photographs and bibliographic images. Cost
estimate: $ 100,000.
JOHN SMITH
Jamestown, Virginia
This William Couper statue of John Smith (1907) was erected in celebration
of the 300th anniversary of the landing in what was to become Jamestown,
the first permanent English settlement in North America. Not only does the
statue look over the James River, but as a result of recent archaeological
excavations it has been discovered that it also looks over the remains of the
original 1607 settlement. Cost estimate: $15,000.
45
FREEDOM TOWER
Miami, Florida
Originally built as the Miami News Building in 1926, Freedom Tower
received its current name and notoriety from its service as the Cuban
refugee assistance center from 1968-1972. This National Register building
in downtown Miami overlooking Biscayne Bay is the site of a proposed
Cuban-American Museum, visitors center for Miami, and new home to the
Dade Heritage Trust. Although the Tower is currently privately owned and
unused, $2 million would leverage funding from the City of Miami, the
State of Florida and the Dade Heritage Trust, to purchase and rehabilitate
the building for public ownership and use as a monument to freedom.
CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERY
Washington, District of Columbia
Congressional Cemetery, located on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., was
founded in 1807 to serve as the final resting place for citizens of the
nation's growing Capital city. Buried throughout the 32 acres are 60,000
former Washington residents -- a "who's who" of individuals significant to
the development of our nation. Some of the more noteworthy burials
include a signer of the Declaration of Independence, a Vice President, 19
Senators, 78 Member of the House, William Thornton, the architect of the
Capitol, John Philip Sousa, the Marine Corps bandmaster, Mathew Brady,
the Civil War photographer, and J. Edgar Hoover, the FBI director.
Today, over 18,000 markers and monuments are in need of cleaning or
repair; overgrown trees and shrubs must be trimmed, removed or replaced;
and funds are needed for the maintenance and preservation of the chapel
(1903), gate house (c. 1920), brick pathways, drainage system, perimeter
fences and roadways. The cemetery is currently managed by the
Association for the Preservation of Historic Congressional Cemetery which
is developing a Master Plan for the perpetual care and maintenance of
Congressional Cemetery. Their current fundraising goal is $2 million to
provide for basic maintenance and preservation needs of the cemetery's
monuments and grounds.
46
STONE AVENUE TEMPLE
Tucson, Arizona
The Stone Avenue Temple was the first Jewish house of worship in the
Arizona Territory. The 1910 building, located just south of downtown in the
Barrio Historico, was vacated in 1950, and served a variety of temporary uses
in the ensuing years. In 1994, the Stone Avenue Temple Project was formed
to rescue this landmark structure for use as a heritage and community center.
Rehabilitation costs are estimated to be $175,000.
ZOAR HOTEL
Zoar, Ohio
The 1833 Zoar Hotel, a prominent architectural feature, is one of ten
buildings that comprise Ohio's Zoar Village State Memorial. Often
described as Ohio's Plymouth Rock, immigrants seeking religious freedom
settled and built a unique community in Zoar that lasted three generations.
Today, the historic village is the southern anchor of the new federally
designated Ohio & Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor. Vacant since
1983, the hotel was acquired by the Ohio Historical Society in 1996. The
two-and-one-half story wooden structure suffers from wood rot and water
penetration. A $500,000 Save America's Treasures grant would leverage the
needed private and public funds. Restoration and development of the Zoar
Hotel as an orientation center and gateway site would enhance heritage
tourism in the region, and provide an important interpretive linkage of the
settlement history of Ohio and the relationship of communities like Zoar to
the Ohio & Erie Canal National Heritage Corridor. The Society has
conducted some maintenance, but restoration costs are $1.5 million.
SOUTHEAST LIGHT
Block Island, Rhode Island
Built in 1873, this Gothic Revival lighthouse is the highest and most
powerful lighthouse in New England. Thousands of state, federal, and local
dollars provided for the inland relocation of Southeast Light in 1993, but
funding for the $960,000 interior restoration of the structure remains in
limbo.
47
HMS DEBRAAK
Lewes, Delaware
This late 18th century British Naval vessel, (originally Dutch, captured and
refitted) served as a escort for commercial fleets between the British Islands
and the Colonies. It sank in 1798 off the coast at Lewes and was salvaged
between 1984-85. Over $3 million has been spent to date to catalog and
conserve the outstanding collection of over 2400 artifacts but $250,000 is
needed to complete the project.
THURGOOD MARSHALL CENTER
Washington, District of Columbia
The Thurgood Marshall Center, formerly the Anthony Bowen YMCA, is a
significant National Register listed building in the Shaw neighborhood of
Washington, D.C. The YMCA, built between 1908 and 1912, was the first
full-service YMCA for African Americans in the United States. The
building was designed by Sidney Pittman, an African American architect
and was partially financed by John D. Rockefeller, Samuel Woodward, and
Julius Rosenwald. Dr. Charles Drew convened a youth leadership
conference there in 1937. Thurgood Marshall met with Charles Houston in
the building. The gymnasium produced NBA sports notable Elgin Baylor
and John Thompson, Georgetown University's basketball coach.
The building was closed in 1982 and stands vacant. The Thurgood Marshall
Center rehabilitation will be spear-headed by the Shaw Heritage Trust, a
local non-profit concerned with the history of the Shaw neighborhood, and
For Love of Children (FLOC), a local family social service provider. FLOC
will be the principal tenant. The total development cost is $5.2 million.
48
GLOSSARY
(Not in alphabetical order)
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
The National Register of Historic Places is the Nation's official list of
cultural resources worthy of preservation. Authorized under the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Register is part of a national
program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify,
evaluate, and protect our historic and archeological resources. Properties
listed on the Register include districts, sites, buildings, structures, and
objects that are significant in American history, architecture, archeology,
engineering, and culture. The National Register is administered by the
National Park Service, which is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior.
Included among the more than 68,000 listings that make up the National
Register are:
all historic areas in the national Park System;
over 2,200 National Historic Landmarks, which have been
designated by the Secretary of the Interior because of their
importance to all Americans;
properties across the country that have been nominated by
governments, organizations, and individuals because they are
significant to the nation, to a state, or to a community.
NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS
In 1935, the U.S. Congress charged the Department of the Interior with the
responsibility for designating nationally significant historic sites, buildings,
and objects and promoting their preservation for the inspiration and benefit
of the people of the United States. The National Historic Landmarks
program was established to identify and protect places possessing
exceptional value in illustrating the nation's heritage. Only 3% of
properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places are designated
as National Historic Landmarks. Their preservation is an irreplaceable
legacy to us and future generations.
49
Through the combined efforts of the National Historic Landmarks survey
and the National Historic Landmarks Assistance Initiative, the National
Park Service administers the National Historic Landmarks program for the
Secretary of the Interior. It is a cooperative endeavor of government
agencies, professionals, and independent organizations sharing knowledge
with the Service and working jointly to identify and preserve National
Historic Landmarks.
NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES
National Historic Sites are units of the National Park Service whose primary
reason for inclusion as a National Park is the area's cultural, historical, or
archeological importance. All historic sites within a National Park and
National Historic Site are listed on the National Register. Particular sites
may also be designated National Historic Landmarks.
LEGACY PROGRAM
Congress created the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management
Program (Legacy Program) through the Defense Appropriations Act of
1991 to "promote, manage, research, conserve and restore the priceless
biological, geophysical and historical resources which exist on public lands,
facilities or property held by the Department of Defense." The Legacy
Program is no longer funded.
50
INDEX BY PROPERTY
ABORIGINAL ROCK ART
36
ADOBE CHURCHES OF NEW MEXICO
27
AMANA COLONIES
4
AMERICAN BALLET THEATRE CHOREOGRAPHY PRESERVATION
31
ANDERSON COTTAGE ("LINCOLN'S SUMMER WHITE HOUSE")
26
ANDREW WYETH PAINTINGS
44
BATH-HAVERHILL COVERED BRIDGE
31
BENEDICT ARNOLD GUNBOAT
22
BIDDLE MEMORIAL HALL, JOHNSON C. SMITH UNIVERSITY
6
BOB-LO BOATS
36
BRISTOL COUNTY COURTHOUSE
23
CAHOKIA MOUNDS
15
CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL
11
CHANCELLORSVILLE BATTLEFIELD
7
CHESAPEAKE & OHIO CANAL HISTORIC PARK (MONOCACY AQUEDUCT)
25
CHESTERFIELD
34
CONFEDERATE ARMORY AND MILL COMPLEX
44
CONGRESSIONAL CEMETERY
46
CONSERVATORY OF FLOWERS, GOLDEN GATE PARK
7
CUYAHOGA COUNTY SOLDIERS AND SAILORS MONUMENT
18
DOCUMENTATION OF THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE
14
ELLIS ISLAND (South Side)
16
EWA VILLAGES PLANTATION
8
FAIR PARK
4
FARISH STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT
42
FORT FREDERICK
17
FORT ROBINSON
25
FORT SNELLING HISTORIC DISTRICT/UPPER POST
41
FORT ZACHARY TAYLOR
12
FOUNDING FATHERS' PAPERS
9
FRANK E. MOSS COURTHOUSE
41
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT'S TALIESIN
6
FREEDOM TOWER
46
FREEMAN HOUSE
33
GEORGE WASHINGTON'S OFFICE TENT
16
GETTYSBURG CYCLORAMA
37
GLOSSARY
49
GOVERNMENT HOUSE IN AMERICAN SAMOA
22
GREAT LAKES LIGHTHOUSES
10
HISTORIC COUNTY COURTHOUSES OF TEXAS
28
HISTORY OF MAIL DELIVERY MURALS
29
HMS DEBRAAK
48
IMPERILED ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK
37
JINSHA SHRINE
33
JOHN MITCHELL MONUMENT
23
JOHN SMITH
45
KAKE CANNERY
29
KNIGHT FOUNDRY
9
LEWIS AND CLARK HERBARIUM
45
51
LONGFELLOW HISTORIC SITE (1759)
19
LOUIS ARMSTRONG ARCHIVES
41
MADONNA OF THE TRAIL
38
MANY GLACIER HOTEL
13
MAPES HOTEL
33
MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK
10
MOCCASIN BEND NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK
20
MONTEZUMA'S CASTLE
43
MONTPELIER
5
MORMON ROW
30
MT. RUSHMORE NATIONAL MEMORIAL, 1930
24
NASA SPACESUITS
38
NATIONAL FILM PRESERVATION FOUNDATION
24
NICODEMUS
22
OLD ST. LOUIS POST OFFICE
24
OLD SUMMERTON HIGH SCHOOL
29
PEMBERTON'S HEADQUARTERS
12
PORT GAMBLE
13
PRAIRIE CHURCHES OF NORTH DAKOTA
34
RIVER ROAD PLANTATIONS
20
ROBIE HOUSE
8
ROTUNDA MURALS
31
ROUNDHOUSE COMPLEX
44
RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCHES
32
SAMUEL HUNTINGTON BIRTHPLACE
45
SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH WITH FAMOUS STAINED GLASS WINDOWS
39
SENATOR JOHN POPE VILLA
12
SHELDON JACKSON COLLEGE
20
SHERIDAN INN
23
SITTING BULL DRAWINGS
30
SOTTERLEY PLANTATION
43
SOUTHEAST LIGHT
47
SOUTHWESTERN PIETA
39
ST. VIBIANA CATHEDRAL
16
STONE AVENUE TEMPLE
47
TENTH STREET BRIDGE
35
THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF INDIANA
32
THE HERBARIUM OF HENRY DAVID THOREAU
38
THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER
14
THOMAS EDISON'S INVENTION FACTORY
11
THURGOOD MARSHALL CENTER
48
TOPAZ INTERNMENT CAMP
21
U.S. COURTHOUSE, SAVANNAH
35
U.S.S. CONSTELLATION
3
UNION MILITARY SERVICE RECORDS
15
UNTITLED FRIEZE, (1942), SARGENT JOHNSON
27
VICTORIA MANSION
18
VISTA HOUSE, HISTORIC COLUMBIA RIVER HIGHWAY
30
WAIKIKI WAR MEMORIAL NATATORIUM
21
WALKER EVANS ARCHIVES
42
WEST BADEN SPRINGS HOTEL
40
52
WHEELOCK ACADEMY AND MISSION
28
ZOAR HOTEL
47
INDEX BY STATE
Alabama
44
Alaska
20, 29, 32
American Samoa.
22
Arizona.
36, 47
Arkansas
11
California
7, 9, 16, 27, 33
Colorado
10
Connecticut
45
Delaware
48
District of Columbia
14, 15, 26, 30, 31, 38, 46, 48
Florida.
12, 46
Georgia
35
Hawaii
8, 21, 33
Idaho
34
Illinois
8, 10, 15, 39
Indiana.
10, 32, 40
Iowa
4
Kansas
22
Kentucky
12
Louisiana
20
Maine
18
Maryland
3, 17, 25, 43
Massachusetts.
19, 38
Michigan
10, 36
Minnesota
10, 14, 41
Mississippi
12, 42
Missouri,
24
Montana.
13, 35
Nebraska
25
Nevada
33
New Hampshire
31
New Jersey
11
New Mexico
27, 39, 43
New York
10, 16, 22, 41, 42
North Carolina.
6
North Dakota
34
Ohio
10, 18, 29, 38, 47
Oklahoma
28
Oregon
30
Pennsylvania
10, 23, 37, 38, 44, 45
Rhode Island
23, 47
South Carolina
29
South Dakota
24
Tennessee
20
Texas.
4, 28
53
United States ⑉ Multiple Locations.
9, 24, 31, 37
Utah
21, 41
Vermont
22
Virginia.
5, 7, 16, 45
Washington
13
West Virginia.
44
Wisconsin
6, 10
Wyoming
23, 30
April 28, 1998
54