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Wednesday, June 17, 1992 [3]
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Wednesday, June 17, 1992 [3]
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George H. W. Bush Papers
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Originally Processed With FOIA(s):
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2009-0166-S
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Collection/Office of Origin:
Office of the President
Series:
Daily Files
Subseries:
OA/ID Number:
90689
Folder ID Number:
90689-006
Folder Title:
Wednesday, June 17, 1992 [3]
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(George Bush Library)
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01. Schedule
Schedule of the President; redactions. (1 pp.)
06/17/92
(b)(3)
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Collection:
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Office:
Office of the President
Series:
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Wednesday, June 17, 1992 [3]
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K
-OFFICIAL WHITE HOUSE PHOTO P032748 17JUN92 SB -13A
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JA, (CIAL WHITE HOUSE PHOTOGRAPH 17 JUN 92 P32732-11 Dv
DATE: June 17, 92
DAILY NEWS CLIPS
The Washinton Post
The Washington Times
The Wall Street Journal
USA Today
The New York Times
Office of Media Affairs
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Ross's Army:
trailers. He has prepared brochures on Mr.
Perot People
Perot's background and forms for Perot
Perot's Fans Want
Ross Perot's support among selected
volunteers to fill out. Each fire district now
groups of registered voters according to the
has its own Perot chairperson, and each of
latest Wall Street Journat/NBC News poll:
them ultimately will be professionally
Change Above All
trained to gather the petitions. When
BY REGION:
that's done, of course, Cheektowaga will
have a fully functioning Perot campaign
Continued From First Page
Northeast
30%
organization, unmatched by either the
Clinton campaign. He has never worked
Midwest
31
Republicans or the Democrats.
for any kind of political organization.
In August, the Perot volunteers will
South
26
He too isn't interested in where Mr. Perot
charter passenger trains and deliver
stands on issues, such as how he would
West
37
stacks of the signed petitions to Albany.
balance the budget or deal with Congress.
BY SEX:
the state capital. "We're going to make a
"I listen to Ross Perot for his principles,
huge impression on the whole country,"
Men
he says. "He's a man who will examine the
35%
VOWS Mr. Kiesinger. "It's going to be the
facts."
Women
26
most awesome experience you've ever
Among those who saw Mr. Mac Kay's
seen."
BY PARTY:
personal ad was Kathy Mason, a motiva-
Scott Pasinski, only 23, is another
tional consultant. "I'm not political at all,"
Independent
40%
political amateur. He works for a cable-TV
she says. She likes Mr. Perot because
Democrat
31
company, going door to door selling the
"over the years he has been consistent
company's services.
and solutions-oriented.'
Republican
23
He set up a booth at the Cheek-
Though Mr. Perot has said little that's
BY JOB:
towaga flea market, the biggest in western
specific about public policy and the family,
"I've watched him being interviewed by
Blue-Collar
37%
New York state. So far, Mr. Pasinski and
his flea-market coHeagues have distrib-
[NBC-TV's] Jane Pauley about abused
White-Collar
-26
uted thousands of buttons and bumper
children, and I know - just know - he's
sensitive to family issues," Mrs. Ma-
Professional/Exec.
25
stickers and registered more than 500 new
voters, almost all of them Perot sup-
son says.
ALL VOTERS
30%
porters. Many of them, he says, haven't
More than 150 people responded to Mr.
voted in years.
Mac Kay's ad, including Mrs. Mason. And
Why is he doing all this?
when these political amateurs invited oth-
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL/WBC NEWS POLL
"I love it," he says. "It's all I do.'
ers to join them at an organizational
meeting at the Hyatt Hotel in downtown
Perot campaign headquarters in Bev-
And why Ross Perot?
Buffalo, 1,000 turned out.
erly Hills, Calif., enthusiastic volunteers
"He's got class. He's unique. I don't like
include a mix of film producers.
the politics in politics. We need to do
"It was such fun," Mrs. Mason recalls.
small-business people, public school
what's best for the people, not what's best
"So many people showed up we had to roll
teachers and auto mechanics. Mr. Perot's
for the Republicans or the Democrats.'
back one wall. and when those seats were
filled, we had to roll back another one."
Wisconsin coordinator says she can't print
When it comes to how Mr. Perot
bumper stickers and T-shirts quickly
would do that, Mr. Pasinski is vague.
Mr. Mac Kay is now the Perot chairman
enough: the campaign already has distrib-
"He'd do something about jobs,' he says.
for western New York. Mrs. Mason, a
uted 60,000 bumper stickers, triple what a
"He'd tackle welfare reform and get some
grandmother, is now the draft-Perot chair-
Senate race there usually consumes.
of those people to work."
man for the entire state.
The grass-roots Perot campaign has
It's all enough to get Mr. Crangle,
New York's Democratic national com-
little contact with what is, in fact, a highly
the Democratic party professional, to wax
mitteeman Joseph Crangle. a Buffalo law-
professional operation that the volunteers
nostalgic. "We [Democrats] used to be
yer whose circle of local political friends is
refer to as "Dallas," the headquarters city
able to do these things,' he says. "We used
unrivaled, hasn't met any of these Perot
for Mr. Perot's business and campaign.
to have block parties. If we tried it now. the
organizers, "but what they are doing
The New York idealists leading the draft-
only people who would show up would be
is remarkable," he says.
Perot effort and the Dallas professionals
officeholders."
Mr. Crangle started out as a skeptic. He
have met face to face only once, speak
now believes Mr. Perot could carry Erie
rarely on the phone and have never
He pauses for a moment. "This is
County (which includes Buffalo and many
exchanged letters. Yet the professionals
kind of heart-warming, isn't it? These
of its suburbs). A recent survey by Gold-
are supplying them with sophisticated
people are actually having fun. They
haber Research Associates for the Buffalo
back-up. "Dallas" hired two
even believe they can change the sys-
tem."
News showed 37% for Mr. Perot, 24% for
lawyers - Democratic State Sen. Martin
President Bush and 18% for Mr. Clinton.
Connor and Republican Ted Spargo, a
one-time lawyer for the state GOP - to
Travelers Corp.
Democratic Stronghold
train the New York volunteers in how to
collect the 20,000 legal petitions they will
Travelers Corp. said it completed the
Cheektowaga, an Indian name mean-
need to put Mr. Perot on the ballot in the
sale of $350 million of Series B preference
ing land of the crab apple, is the kind
of place that once formed the back-
fall. "Dallas" also paid $6,000 for voter
stock, an offering increased from $250
computer tapes from all of the state's
million due to strong investor demand.
bone of the Democratic Party-blue-collar.
ethnic (Polish, principally), Catholic and
64 counties. The tapes list voters by name
The investors apparently were at-
and address and by party affiliation.
tracted by the yield. 9.2% based on the
hard-working (trade union, mostly). But in
recent presidential elections, many of
Dallas will also pay for a roomy
offering price, when many other invest-
them have voted for Ronald Reagan and
two-story headquarters for western New
ments are yielding less. A company
George Bush. So, because his coalition is
York, opening soon in Williamsville, fully
spokesman declined to comment, referring
staffed. The campaign already has pro-
the matter to the lead underwriter, Merrill
so broad, Mr. Perot is pulling support
duced a full line of handsome bumper
Lynch & Co., where officials weren't avail-
from both President Bush and Mr. Clin-
strips, buttons and T-shirts.
able.
ton.
Mr. Perot appeals to these voters
Organizing Fire Districts
The Hartford, Conn., insurance com-
pany said the sale, together with $300
as no other third-party candidate has.
In less than 12 weeks, Mr. Kiesinger,
million from the sale of senior notes in
"We're different," says Mr. Mac Kay.
the local Perot organizer, has built a
March, enhances the company's financial
"George Wallace appealed to bigots. John
Perot juggernaut in Cheektowaga. He
flexibility.
Anderson's people drove Volvos. We're a
has adopted the town's eight fire districts
The shares were sold at $25 each, with
real cross section."
as his political subdivisions. He has drawn
The phenomenon seems to be na-
an annual dividend of $2.31. They have
maps of each of them. with breakdowns for
tional. Across the country at the posh
cumulative dividends, are non-convertible,
trailer parks showing the individual
and are callable after five years.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Political Innocents
Ross's Army
Mrs. Majurowski. her husband, Arthur.
who trains and finds jobs for disabled
adults, and their 26-year-old daughter,
Meet Perot's Fans:
Laura. are among about 70 people at the
Perot campaign meeting. Most of them
have never attended a political meeting
They Crave Change,
before. They are political innocents, bound
together by the feeling that traditional
Not Specific Proposals
politicians are leading the nation to ruin
and that Mr. Perot, wherever he may stand
on specific issues, at least offers hope.
In Western New York, They
"When we were young, we could afford
to buy a house," says Mr. Majurowski.
Span Political Spectrum,
"Young people can't do that any more.
What have we done to this generation?"
Shrug Off His Positions
"We need a change." adds his daugh-
ter.
Presiding at the meeting is Gregory
Rallying the Fire Districts
Kiesinger, a 26-year-old sales representa-
tive and the informal manager of the Perot
campaign here. He was a Reagan Republi-
By JAMES M. PERRY
can who has lost whatever faith he once
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
had in President Bush. Like so many other
CHEEKTOWAGA, N.Y. - Marie Ma-
Perot supporters, he rarely even thinks
jurowski is Polish and Catholic. When it
about Democrat Bill Clinton.
comes to abortion, "It's wrong, and I'm
"What I know about Mr. Perot is that
against it." she says. Yet she has turned
he's the ultimate success story in Ameri-
out for a Ross Perot campaign meeting at a
can business," says Mr. Kiesinger. "He's
nearly abandoned shopping mall.
got business savvy, and he'll know how to
Mr. Perot supports abortion rights for
handle the special interests."
women, one of the few specific stands he's
"The important point is that Ross is
taken on a controversial issue. "I know
pragmatic and has a lot of common sense,"
where he stands," says Mrs. Majurowski,
says Robert M. Bennett, a black voter who
"and I'm still for him. I just dislike all
dismisses the need for a detailed analysis
politicians SO much, and he's saying the
of Mr. Perot's civil-liberties background.
things we've been thinking about all these
Mr. Bennett supported Jesse Jackson in
years."
1984 and 1988. Now he's working for Mr.
In many ways Mrs. Majurowski embod-
Perot. "He will put us all on a level playing
ies the seemingly contradictory qualities
field." says Mr. Bennett, whose father was
of the Perot supporter. Mr. Perot's still-
the Democratic leader of the Fifth Ward in
unannounced presidential campaign, here
Buffalo.
in western New York and elsewhere, is
Scant Interest in Details
fueled by a combination of idealism and
These Perot enthusiasts have faith in
frustration among voters that cuts across
Mr. Perot, and that may work in his favor
political leanings, social class and individ-
when the inevitable negative TV ads start
ual issues.
flying. They want a change, and that
The latest Wall Street Journal/NBC
means more to them than quibbling about
News poll paints a picture of an extraordi-
details of Mr. Perot's political platform.
narily broad Perot coalition - men and
Eugene Brogowski is 55 and unem-
women. black and white, blue collar and
white collar, eastern and western. They
ployed. "I've been voting for SO long for the
lesser of two evils," he says. "This is the
defy political classification: Thirty percent
first time in as long as I can remember that
say they are moderate. 30% say they
1 feel good about what I'm doing." He
are conservative, and 24% say they are
liberal. What do they have in common?
expects Mr. Perot "would cut down on
Perot supporters believe the country is
government spending."
Jim Meinke, 47, works at a General
seriously on the wrong track. They hold
Motors engine plant. He's a lifelong Re-
"very negative" views about Congress.
They tend to think the people running the
publican, and he thinks Mr. Perot as
president would produce jobs for American
government are a little crooked.
workers. Mr. Meinke says the country
Many politicians expect that as Mr.
needs "fresh blood" that isn't tied to the
Perot is forced to become more specific on
various issues, he will lose support, and
special interests. "I just hope politically he
doesn't owe anybody anything."
some voters who are leaning toward Mr.
The grass-roots Perot campaign here in
Perot agree that they want to know
western New York is going like gang-bus-
more about him. "What worries me is that
ters. It began when Malcolm Mac Kay. a
he seems evasive. He needs to get more
land surveyor. placed a $135 personal ad in
positive," says Ken Cowley, a lifelong
the Buffalo News early in March. "People
Democrat and a retired officer of a local
interested in circulating petitions for Ross
carpenters union. Yet the Perot campaign
Perot, call 632-4859," it read.
may defy the conventional wisdom, if his
Mr. Mac Kay is nothing like the profes-
supporters in Cheektowaga. a working
class suburb of Buffalo, are any Indica-
sional organizers for a Bush campaign or a
tion.
Please Turn to Page A8 Column 3
STREET JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Welfare-Reform Program Falls Short
As Fewer Receive Child-Care Benefit
By CATHY TROST
women even need child-care aid to get off
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
welfare. "It's never been shown in any
WASHINGTON - Just about everyone
data that lack of child-care funding was a
agrees that getting welfare mothers back
principal reason that people became long-
to work is imperative In solving the prob-
term welfare dependents," he says, term-
lems of the urban poor. But the provisions
ing the legislation "a bunch of nonsense
of the 1988 welfare-reform law guarantee-
from the start, and a bunch of non-
ing child care to such mothers are falling
sense now.
far short of their promise.
But advocates of the. program say 8
The law, passed with broad bipartisan
much bigger problem may be that not
support, provides child-care assistance
enough of the people who go off welfare
and health insurance for the critical "tran-
because their earnings increase - an esti-
sitional" year after parents leave welfare
mated 300,000 in fiscal 1990 - are even
to go to work. It also requires that mothers
aware they may be entitled to the benefits.
who are still on welfare and who have
oremedy that, Rep. Thomas Downey (D.,
children over age three receive education
N.Y.). the measure's chief sponsor in the
and job training, and guarantees them
House, and others have proposed changes
child-care assistance to do that.
to make it easier to get the benefits,
Administration Sees Progress
including making them an automatic bene-
Administration officials overseeing the
fit instead of requiring people to apply for
them.
program say the number of children re-
ceiving such "transitional" child care has
Currently, states are required to inform
been rising - to 56,000 in March 1992, com-
welfare recipients about the availability of
the child-care benefits, but their methods
pared with 35,000 in March 1991, according
vary. State officials contend that once
to figures supplied by the Department of
Health and Human Services Administra-
people leave welfare, they tend to ignore
tion for Children and Families. Depart-
welfare department mailings and try to
escape the welfare stigma.
ment spokesman David Siegel says offi-
cials are "encouraged by progress" in the
In Illinois, recipients now automat-
ically receive a computerized notice when
program.
But the number is still far less than the
they go off welfare alerting them of the
280,000 children a month that the Congres-
benefits. "We're now capturing many
sional Budget Office predicted would use
more of the clients than before," says
the program in fiscal 1991. "It's a border-
Michele Piel, manager of child-care serv-
line disaster," says Paul Offner, legisla-
ices for the Illinois Department of Public
tive aide to Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan,
Aid. An Illinois survey showed that those
(D., N.Y.), an architect of the legislation.
who had left welfare for work and stayed
"In nearly every state in the country,
off welfare were more likely to have
families are not getting the child care to
applied for and gotten transitional child-
which they are entitled
care help. Still, only about 20% of the
preventing
mothers from getting off welfare." says
people who are notified obtain the assis-
Barbara Reisman, director of the Child
tance. (Not all those notified qualify for the
Care Action Campaign, an advocacy
program. however; some may have chil-
group.
dren who are too old, or may be receiving
The problems come amid wide-ranging
another type of federal child-care aid, or
political attacks on the welfare system and
have children in unpaid care.)
a growing consensus that any kind of
Extraordinary Persistence
welfare reform must shift more to getting
And many mothers complain bitterly
welfare recipients into jobs. Early evi-
that state welfare caseworkers often don't
dence shows that the welfare-reform legis-
know or don't tell them about the child-
lation can have a big impact, driving down
care benefits and that getting signed up for
welfare spending and increasing recipi-
them requires extraordinary persistence.
ents' earnings in California.
They say overworked welfare workers in
But recessionary pressures on the
many states lose interest once people have
states have limited their spending on the
left the system, or send out notices about
overall welfare-reform program. Only
benefits buried in bureaucratic jargon.
about 60% of the S1 billion in federal money
Darcell Woods, the mother of a three-
available for the job-training and educa-
year-old girl, spent less than a year on
tion program, called JOBS, is being spent
welfare in Oakland, Calif., before finding a
because states haven't been able or willing
job as a receptionist at a condominium
to come up with enough matching funds.
complex last summer. She says her appli-
Limited State Participation
cation form for transitional child-care
Though the jobs program has been
benefits was lost four times by case-
more successful in delivering child-care
workers, and the caseworkers themselves
aid, some states have limited participation
changed three times.
because of slim resources. States can
Finally six months after applying. the
receive open-ended child-care funds by
S325-a-month benefit checks started com-
putting up the share they're required to
ing regularly. (She pays an additional $25
meet for Medicaid funds. In fiscal 1991.
under the program's sliding-fee scale re-
total state and federal child-care expendi-
quirement.) With a gross income of $1,200
tures for these welfare programs was $541
a month and monthly child-care fees of
million - not enough, critics say, to meet
$350, the day-care assistance is the differ-
needs.
ence between working and returning to
Some conservatives say the problem is
welfare. And that's something she never
that too many states have opted for child-
wants to do. "I'm not a regular quote
care arrangements that parents are least
unquote welfare recipient," she protests.
likely to use. "Parents generally are least
Advocates also raise concerns about the
attracted to care in a secular-based center.
quality of child-care. Payment for day-care
usually being run for profit," says Gary
services is limited to the local market rate
Bauer, a former Reagan administration
covering 75% of caregivers (though states
official now at the Family Research Coun-
can supplement that). Critics say that
cil. "States generally don't provide assis-
shuts out the top 25% of higher-cost child-
tance if you're paying your neighbor to
care providers and makes it difficult to find
watch your child or if you're paying
good care that is fully reimbursable in
for care in the basement of a church where
many areas. "Many welfare families are
religious symbols may be displayed."
being forced to place their children in low
Robert Rector of the conservative Heri-
quality and potentially dangerous child
tage Foundation disputes the Idea that
care, says the Children's Defense Fund, a
national advocacy group.
WALL STREET JOURNAL.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
A18 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
POLITICS
Rep. Weber's Plan for a Time Limit on Welfare
Draws Criticism From Some of His Usual Allies
By DAVID WESSEL
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
Forces Behind Welfare Cycle
WASHINGTON - Rep. Vin Weber, a
conservative Republican from Minnesota,
The most common occurrences that
The most common occurrences that
has a plan to prevent poor people from
result in GOING ON welfare:
result in GOING OFF walfare:
getting hooked on welfare: Cut off their
benefits after four years.
Children
Earnings
leave
of mother
Some liberals blanch at the idea. But
Child born to
home
Increase
unmarried
surprisingly, it's Mr. Weber's usual allies
21"
woman
11".
on the right who are giving him the hardest
30".
Earnings of
others in
time.
family
"It's a blind alley," says Kate
5%
Increase
O'Beirne, top legislative strategist for the
Heritage Foundation, a conservative think
45%
35%
tank. "There's no way it'll get through
Earnings
Divotce/
12"
Marriage
14%
Other
without a government-guaranteed job at-
of mother
benefits
tached and without a massively federa-
Separation
fall
Increase
lized child care program attached."
Other
That's the rub. Rep. Weber's conserva-
reasons
Earnings of
Other
tive critics are prepared to push welfare
10%
others In
reasons
recipients off the rolls, but they don't want
family fail 3%
to give Democrats an excuse to spend more
money on jobs and child care. "Weber
Source: House Ways and Means Committee
thinks you are going to get away with one
half of this," says Heritage policy analyst
the system," says former Reagan aide
Although President Bush has said that
Robert Rector. "You're not.
Gary Bauer of the Family Research Cen-
"welfare was never meant to be a life-
Values at Risk
ter. "Too much of it is sucked off by
style," he hasn't taken a public position on
But Rep. Weber - who is attracting at
people in Washington making good livings
welfare time limits. On this, he has been
running these programs."
outflanked by Arkansas Gov. Bill Clinton,
least as much. if not more. attention since
he decided against running for re-elec-
But Rep. Weber isn't alone in his
the likely Democratic presidential nomi-
tion than before willing to take the risk.
interest in setting time limits on welfare.
nee who proposes giving welfare, along
"What conservatives ought to be saying is
There is a budding consensus on the right
with beefed-up training and education, for
that we have a view that is closer to the
and the left that it ought to be more of a
only two years. After that, welfare recipi-
transition to work and less of an end in
values of most Americans than liberals:
ents would have to get a job or do commu-
itself, a conclusion that leads to proposals
nity service, according to Bruce Reed,
that welfare is temporary, until people get
to make welfare less attractive and work
issues director for Gov. Clinton's cam-
on their feet."
more attractive.
paign.
The dispute underscores the difficulty
The targets of all this are mothers
that conservatives have in harmonizing
Boost Work Image
their sometimes contradictory impulses.
The bill that Mr. Weber will introduce
enrolled in the state-federal program
They want welfare recipients to work, but
shortly, with Rep. Clay Shaw (R., Fla.) and
known as Aid to Families with Dependent
they want mothers to care for their
others, would require most welfare recipi-
Children who get on welfare and stay
own children; they want to spend less on
ents to spend a quarter of their time in
welfare, but they don't want to spend more
school, training or work. After four years,
on government jobs.
cash benefits would be cut off except for
Rep. Weber is willing to spend more
those with disabilities or, in some cases,
money if that's what it takes to help
children under the age of three. (Food
welfare recipients get the training and
stamps and Medicaid health insurance
child care they need to get jobs. "I'd be
would continue.) Another bill being pre-
very skeptical of any proposal for welfare
pared by Republican members of the
reform that doesn't cost more in the short
House Ways and Means Committee's Hu-
run," he says.
man Resources subcommittee would fi-
Some conservatives are aghast at that
nance state experiments with limited-time
thought. "I think there is enough money in
welfare.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
& POLICY
there. In all, about 5% of Americans collect
whether mothers of infants and toddlers
including those at Heritage, resist any
AFDC benefits, about 4.1 million adults
should work. As currently drafted, his bill
restrictions on welfare that affect women
and 8.5 million children. About half of
would allow a woman to remain on welfare
with children under age five. When that
those who go on welfare are off within two
after the four-year limit if she had a child
point was made in a meeting between Rep.
years, but about two-thirds of those on
under three - but she could only get one
Weber and the Heritage analysts, Mr.
welfare at any one time are in the midst of
such exemption in her lifetime. Slightly
Weber replied: "There is no. way we can
what will be eight or more years, according
more than half of all mothers of children
have a system where mothers of kids one
to studies by David Ellwood of Harvard's
under age three are in the work force.
and two years old go'into the labor force
Kennedy School of Government.
Uncomfortable with working mothers
and pay taxes so welfare mothers can stay
The toughest question is what happens
in general, some conservative analysts,
home for four or five years."
to the poor mother and her children when
the clock runs out. "You have to have
something at the end of the period of time if
the person isn't able to get a job," says
Paul Legler, a lawyer who works with Mr.
Ellwood at Harvard.
Rep. Weber's bill begs the question,
leaving open the possibility of a govern-
ment jobs program without endorsing one.
He says most people would find work,
particularly if they get training while on
welfare and if the government provides
wage supplements under the earned in-
come tax credit afterward.
Some Democrats say the Weber critics
are right in believing that a guaranteed job
would be the price of their support.
"They've figured me out," says Rep. Tom
Downey (D., N.Y.). a leading Democratic
voice on welfare issues. "If you want to
time-limit welfare, make sure there's a job
at the end of that rainbow."
The Heritage alternative is to require
welfare recipients to do community setv-
ice-rocking "crack babies" is the favorite
example. "As soon as that obligation is put
on these welfare recipients," says Mrs.
O'Beirne of Heritage, "there would be an
enormous decline in the number." She
argues that politicians and the public will
never accept a program that cuts off a poor
mother's welfare check but would accept a
community-service requirement. Rep.
Weber says Heritage underestimates the
administrative cost and problems of such
programs.
The Minnesota Republican also has
exposed another rift among conservatives:
THE
WALL
STREET
JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Truth and Consequences
As with the U.S.-Soviet summits of
Also, there is need for some under-
fading memory, arms control is the
standing about the weapons in the
central focus of George Bush's meet-
hands of three other former Soviet na-
ings with Boris Yeltsin this week. Yes-
tions, Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakh-
terday the two presidents agreed to re-
stan. Finally, constructive process is
duce their nuclear stockpiles to no
served by the commitments by the 29
more than 3,000 to 3,500 warheads
nations of NATO and the former War-
each. But arms control is only superfi-
saw Pact last week to implement the
cially what this "summit" is about. It
conventional arms reduction accords
really is about establishing a new,
agreed to before the Soviet collapse.
non-confrontational relationship be-
But the most important U.S. objec-
tween the U.S. and the former core re-
tive will continue to be its effort to per-
public of the Soviet empire. If that can
suade the Russians to allow abridg-
be accomplished-and it can be-war-
ment of the 20-year-old Anti-Ballistic
head numbers are of secondary impor-
Missile (ABM) treaty, opening the
tance.
way for the U.S. to deploy a ground-
Mr. Yeltsin is taking some steps to
based defense by 1996. Such a change
banish the ghosts of the evil empire he
could facilitate employment of the
overthrew last year. He arrived with
technology of both sides to create a
revelations that the Soviets, as sus-
space-based global ABM to defend
pected, secretly imprisoned many
against the threat of nuclear missiles
Americans who fell into their hands
in the hands of pirate nations. If rela-
during the Cold War and even when
tions improve, the U.S. and Russia will
America and the U.S.S.R. were allies
hardly need to brandish nuclear mis-
in World War II. Yesterday the Wash-
siles at each other, but both will need
ington Post headlined his confirma-
the security of an ABM.
tion that it was indeed a botched bio-
Some Americans, such as Senator
logical warfare experiment, and not
Bill Bradley, fear that the U.S. na-
natural causes as the Soviets lyingly
tional security establishment remains
insisted, that caused an anthrax epi-
captive to Cold War mentality. This,
demic near Sverdlovsk in 1979. (This
they argue, risks creating resent-
will of course come as no surprise to
ments among Russian military men
readers of these pages; see below.)
by taking excessive advantage of Rus-
Mr. Yeltsin is telling Washington,
sia's economic problems. Some U.S.
where he will address a joint session of
officers who have visited with their
Congress today, why the Russian gov-
Russian counterparts agree, finding
ernment he heads is fundamentally
them to be confused and frustrated by
different from the Soviet regime it sup-
the task of dismantling part of their
planted. The empire is gone. Russia,
huge military establishment. Such
with 150 million people the world's
concerns, to the extent they are valid,
sixth most populous country, has deep
argue for joint work on ABM systems
problems but high hopes. Soviet pan-
so as to give new directions and outlets
jandrums were imperious visitors to
for Soviet military technology.
the democratic world. Mr. Yeltsin, an
Part of Mr. Yeltsin's economic
elected president, is a legitimate
problem is that defense conversion, as
member. He comes with truths instead
it has been envisioned, is an impossi-
of lies.
ble task. Economies must be rebuilt
Both Mr. Bush and Mr. Yeltsin
from the ground up with new ventures,
stress that Russia and the U.S., as de-
not by trying to turn tank plants into
mocracies, need no longer regard each
panty hose factories. If that message
other as adversaries. If they can turn
can be put across to Mr. Yeltsin and
those words into reality, they will
his new prime minister, Yegor Gaidar,
achieve what arms control agree-
it will be more help to them than the
ments never could, a mutual sense of
go-ahead on S24 billion in Western aid
security. Arms control deals are not
they are seeking in Washington.
predicated on trust, but on distrust.
Whether they will get this message
Yet, until stronger ties are forged,
from George Bush, who has had his
arms talks are not yet irrelevant, if for
own problems with the concept, re-
no other reason than to undo the mis-
mains problematic, but maybe they
takes of the past. The arms reductions
will get it elsewhere.
announced yesterday still leave each
If it is understood this week that the
side with cataclysmic destructive
best future for U.S.-Russian relations
power, but they nevertheless may
lies not in summits but in friendly, free
build confidence - even though it is by
and mutually beneficial contacts be-
no means clear who will be in charge
tween Americans and Russians, it will
in Russia by the time they take effect.
be the most successful summit ever.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL!
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
On to Yellow Rain
We now have the explicit confirma-
tended that the principal ingredients
tion from the Russian president that
in yellow rain are trichothecenes,
his predecessors were lying in denying
types of mycotoxin produced by cer-
that the 1979 anthrax epidemic in
tain strains of the fusarium fungus.
Sverdlovsk was the result of an acci-
The toxins were presumably Soviet
dent at a germ warfare installation.
supplied; trichothecenes were respon-
Now we would like to know what else
sible for an epidemic of what was then
the Soviet archives contain about the
called Alimentary Toxic Aleukia in the
Soviet biological weapons program.
winter of 1943-44 in the Orenburg dis-
We've taken no little heat over the
trict of the Soviet Union. Similar
years for publishing material suggest-
bleeding symptoms were reported by
ing the Soviets were violating the Bio-
the Hmong after yellow rain attacks,
logical Weapons Convention of 1972.
and trichothecenes were identified in
As openness dawned in the former So-
environmental and blood samples
viet Union, we were able to publish
from Laos. Prof. Meselson says, by
much about Sverdlovsk from the So-
contrast, that yellow rain was feces
viet press, and indeed Peter Gumbel of
from the cleansing flights of bees.
our Moscow bureau reported Mr. Yelt-
It would also be interesting to know
sin's previous statements suggesting a
whether the Soviets mixed poisons
military accident.
with the penetrating chemical DMSO,
We and the U.S. government have
whether chemicals were responsible
long held that Sverdlovsk was a biolog-
for Afghans' reports that riflemen
ical warfare accident, but met with
were found dead still looking down
withering skepticism from most of the
their sights, and whether there was a
media and the "scientific community"
program to use genetic engineering
ded by Matthew Meselson, the Harvard
for biological warfare under the late
scientist who was the intellectual god-
Yuri Ovchinnikov, a vice president of
father of the 1972 convention. The
the Soviet Academy of Sciences. We
same two sides have also been locked
would like to be sure, in short, whether
in battle over the yellow rain reported
the Soviet arsenal contained things
by Hmong tribesmen in Laos.
even more lethal, and possibly acci-
We and the government have con-
dent-prone, than even anthrax.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Urban Incivility
Chicago's streets were a mini-Los
and quiet dignity were not long ago
Angeles Sunday, with bouts of arson,
standard. Remember when a triumph
looting and vandalism. Pundits came
at a sporting event did not entail sus-
up with two explanations: economic
tained histrionics on the part of fans
want and political frustration. If those
and athletes alike?
suffice to cause mayhem these days,
Which brings us back to Chicago.
we'd better roll up the sidewalks at
"When you celebrate something in
dusk across America. Let's try an-
America, you break a window and
other explanation. It doesn't apply to
grab something," said Mayor Richard
the vicious assaults-murders, even-
M. Daley. "When people have an ex-
that took place in L.A.: those are of a
cuse to loot, they loot." Hizzoner em-
different order. But it could fit the spot
ploys sarcasm where hizfather, in
rampages to which few communities
stricter times, threatened force.
seem immune. To use an antiquated
"Shoot to kill" is not what we're
word, call this a bout of immodesty.
asking for. A firm hand appropriately
It starts when a child fails to grow
applied would do. We recall a friend's
out of infancy and keeps hollering for
amazed tale from San Jose, a place not
candy or a toy. It continues in school
where a cutup distracts classmates
without rough edges. There, he saw a
from the teacher. Next you see it in
cop command a guy with a boom box to
turn it down. What a simple, wonder-
public places, where somebody pa-
ful throwback to another era.
rades in outrageous undress or totes a
blasting stereo. In its latter stages, it
Human behavior goes in cycles, we
intrudes on others' property - first
suppose, and that's about the most
with a spray can, perhaps, then with a
hopeful thing that can be said. Maybe
stone, finally with a firebomb. This
these dangerous times will run their
ethic implies a right to vent any emo-
course without too many people losing
tion.
too much that is dear to them. We are
Our popular culture, a model for
all being deprived of basic civility,
the wider world, is full of people
though, and in this case maybe a little
flaunting themselves where subtlety
impatience for action is in order.
Europe's Awkward Love Triangle
In a less centralized Europe, Ger-
the partnership in leadership" in just
own course with both.
By FREDERICK KEMPE
many becomes even more the center of
the past year: the creation of the North
Adm: Weisser's book warns his Ameri-
HAMBURG - A graying French dip-
attention.
Atlantic Cooperation Council, which
can friends that nostalgia - the Berlin Air
lomat uses the image of a love triangle
to describe the bitter feud that has erupted
"Don't worry, whisper the Germans
brought the newly democratic states of
Lift, the Care Packages, etc. - is a bad
in the American ear. 'We'll use this
eastern and central Europe into some
recipe for future success: "In relation-
between Paris and Washington over who is
association with NATO, the founding of
ships between peoples and states, grafi-
Germany's more ideal partner.
Franco-German corps to bring Paris closer
a nuclear science center in Moscownto
tude is as unsuitable a basis for a common
The diplomat says the Germans, whose
to NATO than ever before." The love
keep dangerous knowhow off Third World
future as sympathy is in a marriage.
relationships before unification were de-
triangle, in short, will become a menage a
streets, the $24 billion program to support
Nowhere did the inadequacy of nos
fined by post-war agreements and the
trois.
Russian reforms.
talgia seem more poignant than at the
Berlin Wall, relish the attention of two
"The Germans are deluding them-
selves," says Richard Burt, the former
But the Germans haven't any Inten-
fortieth anniversary celebration of the
suitors as they play the field for the first
time in four decades. Germans coyly re-
American ambassador to Bonn who always
tion of choosing between the French vision
Atlantik Bruecke, a private organization
(a European partner whose international
whose members have been the elite in
fuse to choose between the two, hoping to
said things a bit too plainly for German
actions are/strictly limited by Brussels)
nurturing West German-American rela-
keep both happy by telling each what it
liking. His argument Is that since the
and the U.S. vision (a "partnership in
tions. They are the old guard from a
most wants to hear.
French know more clearly where. they
leadership involving a Germany that ac-
dying world who are struggling to find
The Germans tell the French that
want European security to go than do the
Germans; they are more likely to get
cepts that it has entered the big leagues).
new reasons for the relationship.
they, as fellow Europeans, will always
Germany will try to have it both
Henry Kissinger, who received the
be more compatible mates. And Ger-
there. As for the U.S., he says, the new,
ways. President Richard von Weizsaecker,
group's highest award, noted the success
many reassures the U.S. that Paris can
riots, Ross Perot-America Isn't go-
in a recent Journal interview, laid out a
of the"Alliance. But around midnight,
never match the seduction of American
ing to stay in Europe if it sees that's the
plan for Germany to assume a "Mittel-
toward the end of the black tie banquet,
global influence or America's proven loy-
role that's left for it,
the communication problems became ap-
There's another problem with this me
lage, middle position.
alty during unification.
nage a trois policy. French and American
The most intelligent book trying to lay
parent. The German master of ceremonies
Yet American leaders are beginning
out a post-unification security policy for
made an awkward comment about how
to worry that Germany's devotion is
leaders have seldom liked each other less.
Germany is one written by Adm. Ulrich
some of his countrymen regretted having
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
WALL STREET
waning. The proximate cause for this
A U.S. official said President Francois
Mitterrand's comments after the Los An-
Welsser Called "NATO Ohne Feind-
let down some American friends during the
concern was Chancellor Helmut Kohl's
NATO Without Enemies" -, the
Gulf crisis. He then offered compensation
decision to sign onto the creation of a
geles riots, referring/dismissively to Mr.
bild"
book attempts to shake Germans out of
in the form of a pianist, flautist and singer
,000-soldier Franco-German corps. Many
Bush's "conservative economic theory,
in Washington see this as the beginning of
riled the campaigning president. Mr Mit
their lethargy and into accepting in-
to perform what he called "the Yellow
creased international responsibility. "We
Ribbon song."
the end for NATO.
terrand's comments also followed weeks
Yet the real battle between Paris
during which the French raised obstacles
Germans can't stand on the sidelines in
The U.S. guests fidgeted, wondering
neutral passivity or nurture our egotistical
what possessed the Germans to offer
and Washington isn't over troops but
to virtually every American initiative in
Europe that would have assured NATO
pacifism if we want to defend and con-
this odd and embarrassing gesture. The
over what role they each will play in
post-Cold War Europe. The key vari-
and Washington a role for decades into
struct European peace,' says Adm.
Germans smiled awkwardly and conde-
Weisser, who has been the adviser to
scendingly. A celebration marking more
able is the health of their relationship with
the future.
Americans stress the strength of a
defense ministers and chancellors. He sees
than four decades of one of the more
Germany, Europe's dominant power. The
German-American future. One senior
no reason to choose between America and
successful bilateral relationships of the
Danish vote against the Maastricht treaty
France. He wants Germany to decide its
20th century ended with Americans trying
makes Bonn all the more critical.
American official notes the results of
hard to hide their discomfort and Germans
at pains to share what they imagined to be
unfathomable American pleasure about
what they considered a quite silly song.
They parted with polite words and oppos-
ing impressions.
Mr. Kempe heads the Journal's Berlin
bureau.
THE STREET JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Nothing but the Best for Pennsylvania Legislators
By JOHN L. KENNEDY
was $100,800; Mr. Irvis's salary when he
Think congressional pensions are out-
outcome could raise the pensions of all 203
retired in 1989 was $53,600.
rageous? You are of course right. A study
state House members and 50 Senate mem-
But it doesn't end there. Mr. Irvis
by the Washington-based National Tax-
bers back to the pre-1974 levels. And if the
receives the modest sum he does only
payer's Union found that, for instance,
legislators win, little would prevent state
because he took option "two" of the state
former U.S. House and Senate member
employees from bringing suit on the same
pension plan when he retired. This means
Richard S. Schweiker will collect a total of
ground, which could make more than 100,-
that his designated survivor will receive an
$1,743,000 in pension checks if he lives to
000 civil servants fabulously rich and the
amount equal to his pension for the rest of
the 83.2 years projected by the actuaries-
Keystone state woefully broke.
his or her life. In order to choose this
even though Mr. Schweiker's salary when
The members and the civil servants
option, Mr. Irvis had to give up some of his
he retired in 1980 was only $60,663 a year.
actually have a pretty good case. The
monthly pension up front. Had he chosen
But in fact, Mr. Schweiker made a big
Pennsylvania Constitution contains a
option "one," with no rights of survivor-
mistake. Had he sought office in his home
clause calling for uniformity in salary
ship, he would be pocketing $10,496 a
state of Pennsylvania, he could have en-
among state officials. Also on the side of
month, or $125,000 a year - more than
joyed a real windfall. The monthly retire-
the plaintiffs is a 1988 state Supreme Court
double his highest salary.
ment checks of former Speaker of the
case that equalized the pensions of the
Mr. Irvis owes his pension to a retire-
U.S. House of Representatives, Tip
state's judges, who had previously been
ment system that pays state lawmakers
O'Neill, only slightly exceed the monthly
subject to the same pre- and post-1974
elected before March 1, 1974, a pen-
pension of former Speaker of the Pennsyl-
pension regime.
sion more than triple the pensions of
vania House, K. Leroy Irvis. Mr. O'Neill
Pennsylvania got itself into this trouble
those elected after that date. Understanda-
collects $6,250 a month, Mr. Irvis $6,065.
because it established its pensions as a
bly, the later retirees are envious. Penn-
Both served just over 30 years; Mr.
very favorable percentage of salary times
sylvania's Commonwealth Court is now
O'Neill's salary when he left office in 1987
the number of years served. In the 1950s,
hearing oral arguments in a case whose
when state legislators were part-time em-
ployees earning $3,000 a year, the pension
system was readily affordable. Now Penn-
Notable & Quotable
sylvania lawmakers earn $47,000 a year,
more than any state legislators except
New York's.
From a May 27 interview with Russian
President Boris Yeltsin in the newspaper
carried by some dog. Although the KGB
For Nicholas Moehlmann, one of the
Komsomolskaya Pravda. A related edito-
had already admitted that our military
plaintiffs in the case before the Common-
developments were the cause.
rial appears nearby:
wealth Court, the case is worth serious
Komsomolskaya Pravda: You knew
Andropov phoned [Defense Minister
money. Elected in November 1974 and
about the development of bacteriological
Dmitri] Ustinov and ordered these produc-
defeated in 1990, Mr. Moehlmann receives
weapons in Sverdlovsk. But it was only
tion facilities to be completely scrapped. I
a pension of $15,040 a year. If he wins his
recently that you first talked about it
believed that this had been done. It turned
case, he will get $47,000. Using the higher
publicly. Why did you keep quiet all that
out that the laboratories were simply
pension formula, it will take only six terms
time?
moved to another oblast and development
for a House member and three for a
Mr. Yeltsin: First, nobody asked me
of the weapons continued. And I told Bush,
senator to retire at an amount equal to the
about it. And second, when I learned that
Major and Mitterrand this - that the pro-
highest amount earned while in office.
these developments were under way, I
gram was under way.
signed a decree
And the taxpayers, of course, will have
visited (then KGB chief Yuri] Andropov.
setting up a special committee and ban-
to make up the difference.
When there was an anthrax outbreak,
ning the program. It was only after this
the official conclusion stated that it was
that experts flew out specially and stopped
Mr. Kennedy is a syndicated columnist in
the work.
Hershey, Pa.
THE L STREET JOURNAL.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
A8 THE WALL STREET JOURNAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Perot Cancels Appearance Before Panel
Investigating If Vietnam Holds POWs
By TIMOTHY NOAH
because of pressing political obligations,
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WASHINGTON - Ross Perot canceled
but would be willing to testify in Septem-
ber.
his scheduled appearance before a Senate
committee investigating whether Vietnam
Mr. Kerry's letter expressed frustra-
still holds U.S. prisoners of war and
tion that Mr. Perot was canceling his
military personnel listed as missing in
appearance after preparations that date
action there.
back to last fall. "You have much informa-
Citing a "politically charged atmos-
tion to offer on the subject," wrote Mr.
phere," Mr. Perot said in a letter to
Kerry, a decorated Vietnam veteran, "and
committee Chairman Sen. John Kerry (D.,
the public is entitled to hear it.'
Mass.) that "it would do a grave injustice
In a conversation late yesterday, Sen.
to the MIAs and their families to have a
Kerry said, Mr. Perot reiterated his desire
hearing on this important matter
not to be a committee witness before
before the November election."
Election Day but agreed to discuss the
The Senate select committee on
matter with Mr. Kerry later this week.
POW/MIA affairs decided to continue
If Mr. Perot refuses to appear, the commit-
seeking an appearance from Mr. Perot,
tee could subpoena him, but thus far
though the panel didn't move to issue a
"there's been no talk" in the committee of
subpoena. In addition, Sen. Kerry released
taking such an action, Mr. Kerry said.
a letter in which he urged Mr. Perot to
Efforts Back to 1969
appear before the committee in July or
Mr. Perot has been engaged in various
early August.
efforts to assist POWs since 1969, when he
Scheduled June 30 Appearance
unsuccessfully tried to deliver Christmas
Mr. Perot had agreed to appear before
parcels to POWs in what was then North
the committee June 30 to discuss his
Vietnam. In recent years, Mr. Perot's
longtime involvement with the POW issue.
efforts have focused on bringing back U.S.
But in recent days, aides to his ballot-peti-
citizens who may have been kept behind
tion drive expressed concern that Mr.
against their will. Although many experts
Perot, who is leading President Bush and
say there's little hard evidence that POWs
Arkansas Gov. Bill Clinton in many opin-
remain captive in Vietnam, controversy
ion polls, would face a grilling at the
continues to surround the matter.
hearing from Republicans and Demo-
Mr. Perot's longstanding advocacy on
crats.
behalf of POWs is among the most-cited
Mr. Perot echoed that concern in his
reasons voters say they favor him for
letter, dated Monday. He said the hear-
president, and an appearance before the
ings, "controlled by Democrats and Re-
Senate committee might have offered Mr.
publicans and conducted just before the
Perot a platform to rail against the govern-
political conventions, with a witness who is
ment's inability to account for U.S. citizens
being placed on the ballot as an indepen-
who were declared missing during the
dent" would "tend to become a political
Vietnam War. But Mr. Perot also was
circus."
likely to face questions about recent press
Mr. Kerry said Mr. Perot gave a differ-
reports suggesting that he sought possible
ent reason Friday for not wanting to
postwar business ties with the Vietna-
appear before the committee. According to
mese. The Perot campaign has denied that
Mr. Kerry's letter, Mr. Perot told Mr.
Mr. Perot was seeking any such ties.
Kerry that he didn't want to testify June 30.
The issue of POWs has been heightened
in recent days with the disclosure by
Clinton Maintains Cuomo
Russian President Boris Yeltsin that he
has found evidence suggesting that Ameri-
Would Make Good Justice
can prisoners captured during the Viet-
By a WALL STREET JOURNAL Staff Reporter
nam War had been imprisoned in the
LOS ANGELES - Gov. Bill Clinton
Soviet Union. Previously, Soviet leaders
said he would favor nominating New
had denied that their country secretly held
York Gov. Cuomo to the Supreme Court in
U.S. servicemen and women prisoner
a Clinton administration.
within its borders. Mr. Yeltsin and Presi-
Responding to questions from an au-
dent Bush discussed the matter yesterday
dience of 18-to-24-year-olds on MTV, the
at a White House meeting.
music video cable channel, the expected
A spokeswoman for the Perot petition
Democratic presidential nominee said:
drive in Dallas wouldn't comment on Mr.
"Gov. Cuomo would be a good Supreme
Perot's decision not to appear before the
Court justice. He is a legal scholar who
committee.
also understands the impact of the law on
real people's lives."
During the appearance, which will be
Denmark's Unemployment Rate
aired several times on MTV, the Ar-
COPENHAGEN - Denmark's unem-
kansas governor wore a flowered tie with
ployment rate for April was 11% of the
his usual business suit and peppered his
labor force, or 307,900 people, the state
responses with phrases such as, "Let me
statistics agency said.
tell you where I'm coming from." But the
The seasonally corrected figure was
substance of his answers differed little
compared with a 10.9% unemployment
from his stump speeches around the
rate, or 305,000 people, in March.
country.
In April 1991, the figure was 10.2%, or
285,200 people, the agency said.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL."
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Grand Jury Indicts
Ex-Defense Secretary
In Iran-Contra Affair
Continued From Page A3
notes sought by investigators.
During 1985 and 1986, when the arms
sales to Iran took place, the former defense
secretary took 1,700 pages of daily notes,
according to the indictment, which accuses
Mr. Weinberger of withholding the great
bulk of these and then falsely denying that
he had other relevant notes.
The defendant "withheld and con-
cealed his daily notes" from Congress in
1987, according to the written charges. As
late as three years later, the indictment
cites an interview with the prosecutor's
office when Mr. Weinberger again played
down the scope of the notes he kept during
the two terms of the Reagan administra-
tion. Attending the interview, on Oct. 10,
1990, was a special agent of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation whose written
summary shows Mr. Weinberger saying
that he didn't recall taking notes during
meetings with the president and other
cabinet members when the Iran arms sales
were discussed.
Though the 31-page indictment only
hints of the full depth of Mr. Weinberger's
notes, the court papers cite several cases
where the records provide further details
regarding an early shipment by Israel to
Iran of U.S.-made Hawk missiles in No-
vember 1985. This transaction became a
major embarrassment as the scandal be-
gan to unwind a year later, and there was a
concerted effort by some in the adminis-
tration to conceal U.S. knowledge of the
shipment.
The indictment alleges that Mr. Wein-
berger lied to Congress in 1987 about his
knowledge of the transaction. Separately,
the former secretary is also accused of
falsely denying that he knew of tens of
millions of dollars in secret aid from Saudi
Arabia to carry on the U.S.-backed war
against the Sandinista government in Nic-
aragua.
Though Mr. Walsh's office, already
under attack for the length of its inquiry, is
sure to meet criticism, the indictment also
shows infighting among veterans of the
Reagan administration. Robert McFar-
lane, Mr. Reagan's former national secu-
rity adviser, appears likely to be a witness
against Mr. Weinberger.
And the indictment, citing Mr. Wein-
berger's own notes by reference, alleges
that after the scandal broke in late-1986,
Saudi Prince Bandar bin Sultan told the
defense secretary that Nancy Reagan, the
president's wife, had discussed with him
replacing then-Secretary of State George
Shultz.
Mr. Gillen, the deputy independent
counsel, declined to say what Mr. Wein-
berger's motive was for allegedly with-
holding information from investigators,
but the prosecutor sought to damp specula-
tion that the action yesterday had moved
the investigation closer to bringing
charges against other officials, including
the former president. "Our investigation
has been narrowed significantly by the
events today," said Mr. Gillen, who
seemed anxious for the case to stand on its
own without leaving inferences about oth-
ers. "This indictment is about Caspar
Weinberger," he asserted.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Weinberger
Is Indicted
In Contra Case
By DAVID ROGERS
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
WASHINGTON - Former Defense Sec-
retary Caspar Weinberger was indicted on
charges of obstructing congressional in-
vestigators and making false statements to
criminal prosecutors regarding extensive
personal notes he kept during the Iran-
Contra affair.
The federal grand jury indictment in-
cludes two perjury counts and represents
the first time a member of President
Reagan's cabinet will face criminal
charges in the five-year investigation
headed by Independent Counsel Lawrence
Walsh.
Mr. Weinberger condemned the indict-
ment as a "grotesque distortion" of the
prosecutor's power and accused Mr.
Walsh's office of pressuring him to testify
falsely against others. "I would not give
false testimony nor would I enter a false
plea," said Mr. Weinberger, whose allies
had mounted a campaign to head off the
charges in recent weeks. "Because of this
refusal, which to me is a matter of con-
science, I have now been charged with
felonies."
Mr. Walsh's office declined to comment
on the complaint, but the prosecutor's
deputy, Craig Gillen, didn't hide his frus-
tration with what he said was the former
defense secretary's record of withholding
information. Now 74, Mr. Weinberger was
one of Mr. Reagan's advisers who most
strongly warned against the secret arms
deals with Iran. But the charges allege he
repeatedly concealed his own knowledge of
the affair and withheld contemporaneous
Please Turn to Page A6, Column 1
TREET, OURNAL.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Deficits, Disaster and Ross Perot
By HERBERT STEIN
specifies what evil he has come to correct,
per-capita income. But in the 1980s. when
gant to think that if the policy did not con-
Responding to evident discontent in the
it is the budget deficit he mentions. And
the deficits were largest, this effect was
form to my preferences it was a disaster.
populace, both George Bush and Bill Clin-
when Mr. Bush called a press conference to
largely matched by the inflow of capital
And if it was not a disaster how do we
ton tried early in the campaign to pres-
demonstrate that he was part of the solu-
from abroad. Investment as a fraction of
know that the political process that yielded
ent themselves as the "Agent of Change."
tion and not part of the problem, his theme
GDP was only slightly lower in the 1980s
it was incompetent? The process is usually
And then along came Ross Perot. He
was the need for a constitutional amend-
than in the 1970s and higher than in the
described as "gridlock." The word implies
said: "You want change? I'll give you
ment requiring a balanced budget. He used
1950s and 1960s. The rate of growth of
that the administration had one plan for
change! You want different? I'm the gol-
the words "balanced budget" or some
productivity was markedly slower after
eliminating the deficit and Congress had
dangest differentest cuss you ever did
variant 25 times in that 45 minute press
1973 than it had been earlier, but it was
another, but that since they could not
see!" And many Americans loved it.
conference. (He did not use the words
higher in the big-deficit years of the 1980s
agree the deficit could not be eliminated.
The premise of the Perot campaign is
"urban problems," "Los Angeles," "pov-
than in the years from 1973 to 1980.
That was not the case, however. The
that things in America are so bad, and the
erty," or "blacks" once.) The balanced-
But suppose that the big deficits did
administration and Congress were in com-
prospect of improving them by politics-as-
budget amendment was Mr. Bush's substi-
slow down economic growth. How big could
plete agreement. Neither wanted to do
usual SO bleak, that any change, however
tute for Mr. Perot, another deus er ma-
that effect have been? The total budget
what would have been necessary to elimi-
ill-defined, has a good chance of making
china to solve the problem ordinary mor-
deficit of the 1980s was about $1.1 trillion
nate the deficit - to raise taxes substan-
things better. In fact, the more ill-defined
tals could not.
(1990 dollars) larger than the total deficit of
tially or to cut entitlements substantially.
the change the better the chance that
In view of this emphasis, it seems justi-
the 1970s. That was an amount equal to less
The agreement was tacit, which left each
within its mysteries it contains the solution
party free to blame the other for failure to
to our problems. What is meant by things
balance the budget.
being bad is that there are conditions that
Board of Contributors
Moreover, as far as anyone can see, the
the American people want and urgently
agreement conformed to the wishes of the
need and that government could give them
American people. Twenty-three years ago
but that government as it is now being run
It is almost as if Americans were obsessed by the fact
I published a book in which, among other
is unwilling or unable to provide.
things, reviewed the history of public
This is saying much more than that
that everybody bears the burden of 15 pounds of atmos-
tudes toward the deficit. I found that al-
America has problems. We have always
had problems, worse at some times than at
pheric pressure per square inch (at sea level, of course).
though public opinion polls always showed
a large majority for "balancing the
others, and we have surmounted or sur-
budget," the feeling was not very deep-as
vived these problems with a government
run by journeymen politicians usually no
fied to use the deficit issue as a test of the
than 10% of the value of the total capital
evidenced by the continued election of
better than the ones we now have in office.
realism of the current view that conditions
stock in the U.S. One can imagine that if
candidates who had no intention of balanc-
Certainly there is a need to try to under-
in America are terrible.
the deficits had been kept on the 1970s
ing the budget. That conclusion holds
stand our problems better, to achieve
This public obsession with the deficit as
scale, the total capital stock in 1990 would
today.
better solutions and to find better govern-
unmitigated evil is amazing. I would guess
have been 10% larger than it was. On a
Not So Dismal
ment officials if we can. But that is differ-
that not more than one person in 10,000 has
common calculation of economists, capital
In the next few years the deficit will
ent from saying that we need to throw in
any very clear Idea of the definition of the
contributes about 30% of the national out-
probably decline as the economy recovers,
the cards we hold and enter a new game
deficit, of the meaning of $100 billion, of the
put. So one might conclude that the excess
defense spending is cut and the worst of
with cards we have never seen and rules
nature and probable magnitude of the
deficits of the 1980s, compared with the
the costs of the savings and loan bailout
we have never heard.
effects of the deficit or of the steps that
deficits of the 1970s. made the GDP in 1990
are behind us. Later there will be a
would be required to eliminate it. It is
3% less than it would otherwise have
tendency for the deficit to rise again, as the
The Great White Whale
almost as if the American people were
been.
aging of the population raises Social Secu-
This premise, that conditions in
obsessed by the fact that everybody bears
Is that what all the deficit-terror is
rity and Medicare costs. Care will have to
America are desperate, deserves more
the burden of 15 pounds of atmospheric
about - that the GDP in 1990 was $5.5138
be exercised to prevent the deficit from
careful examination than it is getting.
pressure per square inch (at sea level, of
trillion when. it would have been $5.6792
rising to more dangerous levels in the
Bemoaning the state of the nation is SO
course).
trillion if deficits had been kept to the 1970s
future. But our past record of dealing with
fashionable that no one dares to raise his
The federal government has run a
level? And were there no gains to accom-
such problems is not so dismal that we
head to say that things are not so bad.
budget deficit in 35 of the past 40 years. We
pany this cost? Economists frequently say
have to throw ourselves in the arms of the
Even President Bush, who would seem to
have had Reagan-Bush-size deficits for 12
that the deficit would have been acceptable
mysterious Mr. Perot.
have the greatest incentive for defending
years. The federal debt, which was about
If it had been productively invested. Well,
I do not want to insist on this appraisal
present conditions and processes, is inhib-
55% of gross domestic product in the good
in the 1980s defense spending was about
of the budget deficit. My point is mainly
ited from doing so, for fear of being
old days of President Eisenhower, fell to
$760 billion higher than in the 1970s.
that there has been no attempt to appraise
labeled as "not caring." So he has to
about 25% in fiscal 1974 (my last year in
whereas the deficit was $1.1 trillion higher.
it realistically at all. We just go around
join the mourning crowd and content him-
government). and has now risen back to
We invested three-fourths of the additional
terrifying ourselves and others by repeat-
self with blaming the Democratic Con-
about 55%. Federal interest payments,
deficit in additional defense spending,
ing the word "Deficit!" If the budget deficit
gress.
almost all of which are paid to Americans,
which was an investment in national secu-
is Exhibit A in the case of Perot VS.
By common consent America's great
have risen from about 1.5% of GDP to about
rity from which Americans will benefit for
Politics-as-Usual, the case is not very
white whale is the budget deficit. That is
3.5%.
years to come.
impressive.
the monster that threatens to demolish the
So where is the disaster? The usual
The fiscal policy of the 1980s was not the
country. And the failure of the government
view of economists. which I share. is that
one that I would have preferred. I would
to slay this monster is the definitive sym-
the budget deficit absorbs saving that
have preferred higher taxes, lower expen-
A former chairman of the president's
bol of the impotence of politics-as-usual.
would otherwise be invested and contrib-
ditures on "entitlements" for the not-poor,
Council of Economic Advisers, Mr. Stein is
On the rare occasions when Mr. Perot
ute to the growth of productivity and
and smaller deficits. But it would be arro-
an American Enterprise Institute fellow.
THE
STREET
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Bush, Yeltsin Meet, Agree
On Surprise Warhead Cuts
particularly those families of the American
Accord Halves Levels Set
POWs and MIAs. that we will spare no
effort in working with our Russian col-
Last Year; Joint Probe
leagues to investigate all information in
the Russian archives concerning our servi-
Of POW Issue Planned
cemen. Mr. Bush declared in a statement
in the White House Rose Garden. "And
while we do not have any specific informa-
By GERALD F. SEIB
tion to make public today. pledge to keep
Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
the American people informed of develop-
WASHINGTON The U.S. and Russia
ments on this issue as we find out more
agreed to make surprising new cuts in
about these latest leads.'
their strategic nuclear arsenals that go
'Absolutely No Animosity'
significantly deeper than those the White
In general, the Bush administration is
House initially proposed.
trying to use this week's talks with Mr.
At the same time, the two nations
Yeltsin. which will continue today. as a
pledged to launch a newly invigorated
way to bolster the Russian leader and
investigation of evidence that Americans
give him the public support he needs
taken prisoner during the Vietnam War
to continue selling economic and military
were sent to the Soviet Union.
reforms at home. As a result, President
President Bush and Russian President
Bush. who once was skeptical of Mr.
Boris Yeltsin, in a meeting at the White
Yeltsin, amply praised him and his Rus-
House, agreed that the two nations will cut
sian government yesterday. At one point,
their arsenal of strategic warheads to
he declared: "There is absolutely no ani-
between 3,000 and 3,500 apiece. That's
mosity between us."
roughly half the level the U.S. and the
The administration also is trying to
former Soviet Union had agreed to in the
move rapidly to lock in strategic arms cuts
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty signed
while Mr. Yeltsin is in clear command in
just 10 months ago, and it represents a cut
Russia and has the political popularity
of about two-thirds in existing strategic
necessary to override military objections
arsenals.
to the reductions.
Significantly. Mr. Yeltsin said, Russia
At the moment, both the U.S. and the
has agreed to give up all its big SS-18
Commonwealth of Independent States, the
land-based missiles, and the U.S. has
Russian-dominated collection of former
agreed to reduce its submarine-launched
Soviet republics. have about 10,000 strate-
strategic missile warheads. Those are
gic nuclear warheads in their arsenals. the
the two most prized weapons in the respec-
independent Arms Control Association es-
tive nations' strategic arsenals.
timates. The arsenal of the former Soviet
At the same time that they moved
Union is slowly being consolidated under
ahead on arms reductions, the two leaders
Russian control.
also scrambled to handle an explosion of
Last year's Start agreement calls for
interest in Mr. Yeltsin's disclosure this
reducing the American strategic arsenal to
week that he has evidence suggesting
about 8,500 warheads and the former So-
American POWs from the Vietnam War
viet arsenal to about 6,500. In the just-com-
were incarcerated in Soviet jails. Mr. Bush
pleted negotiations with Russia. begun
said the Russian leader presented infor-
earlier this year, the Bush administration
mation on the POW question in the White
had originally proposed cutting further to a
House meeting. and that Malcolm Toon.
warhead level of 4,700 on each side. Mr.
former American ambassador to Moscow,
Yeltsin once suggested a level of 2,000 to
is leaving immediately for Moscow to
2,500, but negotiations had appeared to
participate in a joint American-Russian
focus on the warhead ceiling of 4,700
investigation of the information.
the U.S. proposed.
Mr. Bush said that he didn't receive
As a result. the agreement to cut to
evidence that American POWs are alive
between 3,000 to 3,500 warheads came as a
today in the former Soviet Union. But he
surprise. The lower level appears to repre-
added: "The cooperation that has been
sent a compromise designed to make the
extended and, again, is being extended by
cuts easier for Mr. Yeltsin to swallow. The
the president of Russia will guarantee to
Russian side had been arguing that if it
the American people that. if anyone's
were to agree to American demands that it
alive, that person. those people. will be
eliminate its big, 10-warhead SS-18 mis-
found."
siles, it wanted in return a lower overall
The question of POWs and soldiers
warhead limit that would force the U.S. to
missing in action is a potentially explosive
cut back on its submarine-launched mis-
political issue for Mr. Bush. Independent
siles.
presidential contender Ross Perot has
spent years needling the White House to do
Fate of MX Missile
more to investigate reports that Americans
In the end. U.S. officials said, the
captured during the Vietnam conflict are
agreement will eliminate all land-based
still alive. In addition. some American
missiles that carry multiple warheads.
intelligence officers have publicly testified
That means the U.S. will eliminate the
before Congress that they saw reports over
10-warhead Peacekeeper. or MX, missile.
the years suggesting that U.S. prisoners
and the Russians will eliminate the 10-war-
were taken to the Soviet Union from South-
head SS-24 as well as the SS-18. And though
east Asia. A discovery now that Americans
the final agreement will allow a total
still are being held would raise questions
warhead count of between 3,000 and 3.500.
about whether the government had done
Bush administration aides said the U.S.
enough to investigate.
intends to keep 3,500 warheads and the
Russians intend to keep 3,000.
Threat to Ald
The new cuts are to come in two phases
The POW issue now also threatens to
over the next decade. At the end of the
further imperil legislation pending in Con-
process, Mr. Yeltsin said, there would be a
gress that would authorize additional as-
ceiling of 1,750 on submarine-launched
sistance for the former Soviet Union.
ballistic missiles. That would force the
Sen. John McCain (R., Ariz.). a former
U.S. to cut its current arsenal of about 3,500
POW. declared that the U.S. shouldn't
roughly in half.
move forward on aid without "resolving"
Mr. Yeltsin hailed the deep cuts as
the questions raised by Mr. Yeltsin's re-
"unparalleled and unexpected" and sug-
marks.
gested that Russia would have been pre-
Mr. Yeltsin first disclosed in a televi-
pared to cut even deeper if it weren't for
sion interview on his way to Washington
the expense of dismantling nuclear arms.
that he has evidence that Americans cap-
The two sides now intend to put the agreed
tured during the Vietnam War were sent to
cuts into the form of a brief treaty. After
the Soviet Union. Yesterday. he told re-
the Senate considers and ratifies the
porters at the White House that it is
existing Start treaty. which lawmakers
"very possible" that some Americans are
now are considering. it would also have to
still alive. But it wasn't clear from that
ratify the new agreements.
cryptic comment whether Mr. Yeltsin was
referring to Vietnam-era POWs. or pris-
-Flow Gets FDA Approval
oners from World War II and the Korean
War. which Russia also has now acknowl-
IRVINE. Calif. - I-Flow Corp. said it
edged were sent to the Soviet Union. U.S.
received permission from the Food and
officials said that Mr. Yeltsin's explana-
Drug Administration to sell a new dispos-
tion of the evidence he has seen was
able drug delivery system for antibiotics.
equally vague in private meetings. but
The new product. called the SideKick.
seems to be drawn from old documents
will compete in the market for disposable
found in Soviet archives.
pumps designed to deliver antibiotics at
"I want to assure all Americans. and
home.
No. IN THE USA 6.6.MILLION
WEDNESDAY,
JUNE
17,
1992
Reagan may be ultimate target
Indictment
The narrowing Iran-contra probe
'maximum
The Iran-contra probe, which began in 1987, has continued to move closer to the Reagan White House inner circle. Tuesday's
indictment "significantly narrowed our continuing investigation," said prosecutor Craig Gillen. The key targets:
pressure'
Tuesday
By Sam Vincent Meddis
USA TODAY
Caspar Weinberger, ex-Defense secretary: Highest-ranking
official charged in Iran-contra, he was indicted on charges he
Former Defense secretary
concealed knowledge of secret arms sales to Iran and aid to
Caspar Weinberger was an un-
Nicaraguan contras.
likely target of Iran-contra
prosecutors: one of the Reagan
Reuters
administration's staunchest op-
ponents of the ill-fated arms-
Third
round
for-hostages operation.
But the decision to indict
Ellott Abrams, ex-State
Alan Flers Jr. CIA Central
Weinberger, 74. suggests that
Department undersecretary:
America task force chief:
ex-president Reagan is being
Pleaded guilty Oct. 7. 1991, to
Pleaded guilty July 9, 1991, to
drawn squarely into the sights
withholding information from
withholding information from
of special prosecutor Law-
Congress about secret
Congress about diversion of
rence Walsh, observers say.
government efforts to support
arms profits and other military
"It indicates (Walsh) wants
contras during ban on aid.
aid to contras. He agreed to
to bring maximum pressure on
Sentence: probation, community
cooperate and was sentenced to
Weinberger to reveal anything
service.
community service.
be might know about Reagan,
Reuters
USA TODAY
says Georgetown University
law professor Paul Rothstein.
Second
round
"That's the only reason I can
think of that is weighty enough
John Poindexter,
Oliver North,
Thomas Clines,
to prosecute this old man who
Reagan's national
Poindexter aide:
is the hero of Iran-contra,"
ex-CIA employee:
security adviser:
Three-year
Found guilty Sept.
adds Vincent Cannistraro, a
Found guilty April 7,
suspended
18. 1990, of
former CIA official who served
1990, of conspiracy,
sentence,
underreporting
on Reagan's National Security
obstruction of
probation for
income and falsely
Council staff.
Congress and
withholding
stating he had no
"It's fairly clear that the
making false
information from
foreign financial
prosecutors believe there was
statements.
Congress.
accounts. He was
a cover-up and that the cover-
Sentence of six
Sentence vacated
an arms-sales
up derived from the very top of
months in prison on
after appeal
partner. Sentanced
the government, and that is
each count was reversed on appeal.
questioned whether congressional
to 16 months in prison, $40,000 in fines.
Reagan," says Cannistraro,
testimony tainted trial witnesses.
who testified as a prosecution
witness in the trial of fired
First round of indictments
White House aide Oliver North.
Weinberger, one of Reagan's
Richard
Albert
Robert
Carl
closest friends, was indicted on
Secord,
Hakim,
McFarians,
Channell,
charges pointing to a cover-up:
retired Air
businessman:
former
Contra
two perjury counts, two counts
Force major
Pleaded
national
fund-raiser.
of false statements, one count
general,
guilty Nov.
security
Pleaded
arms
21, 1989, to
adviser:
of obstructing investigators.
guilty April
middleman:
Prosecutors said Weinber-
supplement-
Pleaded guilty
29, 1987, to
Pleaded
ing North's
March 11,
ger concealed his extensive
conspiring
guilty
salary.
1988, to
to defraud
personal notes about secret
Nov. 8, 1989,
AP
Company
withholding
the United
U.S. arms sales to Iran and aid
to making
guilty of theft
AP
information
USA TODAY
AP
States.
to the Nicaraguan contra reb-
false statements to
of government property by
from Congress. Sentenced
Sentenced July 6, 1989, to
els at a time when U.S. support
congressional committees.
diverting arms sales proceeds.
March 3, 1989, to two years
two years probation and 120
was banned by Congress.
Sentenced Jan. 24, 1990, to
Sentence: two years probation
probation, a $20,000 fine and
hours of community service.
Among items cited in the in-
two years probation.
and $5,000 fine.
200 hours community service.
dictment A November 1985
swap of U.S. Hawk missiles to
Source: Office of Independent Counsel
USA TODAY
Iran by Israel in return for the
Weinberger insists the prose-
release of American hostages.
At a White House meeting
Not in the loop: Weinberger didn't report to Bush
cutor's zeal has done a "terri-
ble injustice" to him.
the following month, Weinber-
Four years ago, at the
thing from former Defense
security staff. "I don't think
"I vigorously opposed the
ger complained that the U.S.
Democratic presidential
secretary Caspar Weinber-
the Weinberger thing points
transfer and the sale of arms to
arms embargo on Iran made
convention, the chant rose
ger to contradict that posi-
to Bush at all"
Iran and fought it at every turn
the shipments illegal, the in-
up: "Where was George?"
tion or place Bush in legal
Bush Insists be was not in-
inside the administration,"
dictment says.
Then-vice president
jeopardy, observers say.
volved in the supply of arms
"President Reagan respond-
Weinberger said after the in-
George Bush steadfastly
"Weinberger did not re-
to the Nicaraguan contras at
ed that he could answer
dictment. "At no time did I
maintained be was not "in
port to Bush, be was not in
a time that such support was
charges of illegality but that be
the loop" when the Iran-con-
the chain of command," says
ever knowingly misrepresent
banned by Congress, and be
could not answer the charge
tra operation was orchestrat-
Vincent Cannistraro, who
the facts or deceive Congress
denies any knowledge of di-
that he had passed up a chance
ed. And there's no indication
or anyone else."
served 00 President Rea-
version of funds from Iran
to free the hostages," the in-
gan's White House national
Some say that Walsh merely
prosecutors can pry any-
arms sales to the rebels.
dictment says.
wanted a major legal trophy to
His notes show Weinberger
justify his long-running probe.
lied at 1987 congressional hear-
"Walsh and his highly paid
"Walsh is being pressured to
ally said press reports of the
rectly to the White House."
ings about his knowledge of the
come up with more than a
assassins saw Mr. Weinberger
sales had "no foundation."
shipment, the indictment says.
But it's highly unlikely that
mouse in this gold-plated inves-
as a way to get at their ultimate
But Congress failed to pur-
Prosecutor Craig Gillen,
any documents exist directly
tigation," said Bruce Fein, 8
target Reagan," said Dole.
sue signs of presidential wrong-
asked whether the indictment
implicating the ex-president,
former Justice Department of-
Yet there are strong reasons
doing Reagan was highly pop-
Polgar says.
was designed to pressure Wein-
ficial who worked on the con-
to believe Reagan instigated a
ular, the Cold War was raging
But, says Rothstein, if Wein-
berger for evidence against
gressional Iran-contra probe.
cover-up, says Thomas Polgar,
and lawmakers didn't want to
Reagan, said: "I don't want to
berger provides damaging tes-
intelligence analyst for the Sen-
Since Walsh's appointment
unleash another Watergate-
say that we are trying to get
timony, "there might be an in-
ate's Iran-contra committee.
in 1986, nearly $31 million has
style upheaval, Polgar says.
closer to President Reagan.
dictment of Reagan."
Reagan, for example, initial-
been spent on the probe.
"Senators dreaded the idea
But Senate Republican lead-
ly told advisers to withhold
Another possibility is that
they might have to do some-
Gillen said the probe drags
er Robert Dole called Walsh's
Walsh is developing material
comment about the arms sales
on because officials, like Wein-
thing about Reagan," Polgar
efforts to pressure Weinber-
for a final report highly critical
to avoid jeopardizing any hos-
berger, withheld documents.
says. "They tiptoed around
ger's cooperation "blackmail."
of Reagan, though not charging
tage releases. Reagan person-
anything that might lead di-
him with a crime, he says.
Weinberger indicted, 1A
No.) IN THE USA . 6.6 MILLION SADAY
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Putting Perot in perspective
USA
TODAY
CNN
For the first time since USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup polls began measuring his support, Ross Perot's approval rating
GALLUP
has slipped - 5 points since the last poll. However, his support cuts across the political spectrum, according to the
latest poll. (Poll story, 1A; campaign index, 4A)
Bush support most positive
Perot: 34%
Bush: 32%
While Perot is virtually tied with
President Bush in voter preference,
Clinton: 24%
Pro-Perot
Anti-Bush/
nearly half his support comes from
46%
Clinton
anti-Bush/Bill Clinton sentiment.
46%
Pro-Bush
Candidate total support (10% are
68%
Pro-Clinton
Anti-Bush/
undecided) and where it comes from:
50%
Perot
46%
Anti-Clinton/
Othe
Other 8%
Other 4%
Perot 28%
4%
Philosophy no barrier
Voters dissatisfied
But who is Perot?
Perot and Clinton voters stand
Perot is still not a well-known quant
out in one key area - both
How much all voters and Perot
groups are very dissatisfied
supporters say they know about the
candidate.
with the status quo
Percentage of candidate supporters
All voters
Perot supporter
who are dissatisfied with the way
democracy is working:
7%
A lot
41%
13%
Bush backers
Clinton backers
65%
40%
Perot backers
73%
Some
-
59%
By Eileen Blass, USA TODAY
Candidate backers who think
By Tim Dillon, USA TODAY
39%
By H. Darr Beiser, USA TODAY
Perot attracts voters
while Bush
and Clinton
economic conditions getting worse:
A little
27%
of all ages and all
voters are more
voters are more
Bush backers
41%
incomes. He also
conservative
liberal
Clinton backers
74%
Nothing
14%
attracts voters from
at all
all political
Liberal
Moderate
N
Conservative
Perot backers
66%
1%
viewpoints
and even among his supporters.
52%
49%
but Perot voters are most
half want him to provide details
convinced that their candidate
about his plans for solving national
42%
could fix the economic
problems:
problems:
31%
All voters
Perot supporter:
27%
25%
23%
People who think their candidate
would do the best job handling the
Want
74°
12%
economy:
more
11%
50%
Bush backers
59%
details
Clinton backers
75%
Will give
22%
him benefit
Perot backers
87%
48%
Perot
Bush
Clinton
of doubt
Political alignments vary
Personal qualities: Perot, Bush in front
Perot supporters appear to take no singular political philosophy - sometimes
Here's the percentage of voters who say these characteristics fit one candidate
taking a liberal stance and sometimes a more conservative one. Here is the
best:
percentage of each candidate's supporters who favor these national proposals:
Bush
Perot
Clinton
Where Perot leads:
Perot
Bush
Clinton
Where Perot stands out:
Reducing the U.S. role in international affairs
60%
74%
65%
Puts country's interests ahead of politics
41%
23%
15%
Can bring about changes the country needs
38%
20%
24%
Where Bush and Perot supporters agree:
Can get things done
36%
28%
18%
Favor new restrictions on Japanese products
58%
64%
51%
Cares about the needs of people like you
31%
22%
26%
to protect U.S. jobs
41%
Where Bush leads:
Perot
Bush
Clinton
Ruling out any new taxes
52%
48%
Giving priority to reducing the federal budget deficit
61%
57%
47%
Would display good judgment in crisis
20%
49%
17%
New laws requiring mandatory drug testing
79%
70%
59%
Has a good understanding of the issues
21%
41%
23%
Is honest and trustworthy
25%
34%
15%
Where Clinton and Perot supporters are in agreement:
Where "none of the candidates" leads:
Perot
Bush
Clinton
None
Taxpayer-paid national health care
46%
58%
65%
43%
25%
23%
Has a clear plan for solving the
25%
19%
21%
28%
Limiting abortion
Making deeper cuts in military spending
34%
50%
48%
country's problems
USATC
Source: USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup national telephone poll of 1,000 registered voters taken June 12-14. Margin of sampling error: plus or minus 3 percentage points.
USA TODAY WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992 9A
D-A-Y- /
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Poll: 84% dissatisfied with state of nation
By Andrea Stone
nationwide TV.
down my family."
many. Even worse, the reces-
USA TODAY
There's "ambivalence and
Yet today, the feeling is ev-
Jenkins' views are reflected
The "new world order," with
tion is: "Who is our leader?"
sion has aggravated what
uncertainty," says Fabian Lin-
erywhere - and what's hap-
In a new USA TODAY/CNN/
its stronger market competi-
many see as the Intractable all-
Eddie Sims, 71, a Yukon,
In 1979, double-digit Infla-
den of The Conference Board,
pened at Jenkins' house says a
Gallup Poll showing 84% are
tors and more complex all-
ments of health care, educa-
Okla., retiree whose college-
tion and long, snaking gas lines
a New York consumer re-
lot about why.
dissatisfied with the state of the
ances, also has left many peo-
tion, the environment, race re-
graduate son is fixing bicycles
led to what President Jimmy
search group.
In the past year, six mem-
ple confused about the
nation, the most since 1979.
lations and Increasing crime.
Instead of practicing engineer-
Carter called a national "crisis
"There's obviously a low un-
bers of her family have lost
Then, as now, a teetering
direction of the country.
"If I were to diagnose the
Ing says: "We ought to clean
in confidence."
dercurrent of anxiety about the
jobs or had hours reduced, in-
"The Cold War helped us de-
economy colors all.
United States, it would be 'agi-
Today, Donna Jenkins is
job situation."
out Washington and get all new
cluding herself. Two grown
The federal deficit, swelled
fine what we were opposed to
tated depression," says Wash-
There is anxiety on the
stuff. There has to be a change
having one.
children have lost their homes.
by the savings and loan ballout,
and what we stood for," says
and there will be."
Although Inflation has eased
Ington, D.C., clinical psycholo-
Her husband's company health
homefront, too. With Inyoffs
has reached $400 billion. Un-
Michael Marsden, popular cul-
gist Richard Tanenbaum.
signaling to some that old rules
Like other Ross Perot sup-
and the gas lines are gone, the
Insurance was dropped.
employment Is 7.5%, com-
ture professor at Bowling
porters, Sims blames President
IN THE USA
nation hasn't felt so bad about
People are "feeling sad and
about hard work and success
"It's been a rough year,"
pared with 6% In July 1979,
Green State University. Now
Itself since Carter made his
blue, helpless and hopeless
Bush for focusing on foreign af-
says Jenkins, 64, of Fairfield,
are passe, "people are trying to
and the much-discussed eco-
people aren't so sure, he adds:
They don't have much control
fairs at the expense of domes-
famous "malaise" speech on
Callf. "This recession has cut
redesign their values," says
nomic upturn is modest for
'Who is the enemy?"
over what happens."
tic problems. "What about tak-
Tanenbaum.
For many, though, the ques-
Ing care of our own people?"
Wednes June 17
USA
Trouble for the White House
Bush's focus, like his male support, is shifting
Men depart GOP
By Judy Keen
He'd better, say alarmed
Robert Bennett says It's the
stems from Inertia on econom-
reverse is true this year.
Faced with two opponents,
USA TODAY
GOP leaders, who warn Bush's
right prescription, but Bush
Ic and social Issues, "many of
Steelworker Robert Swain
President Bush is losing
meltdown in polis will continue
must "sharpen it, focus It in the
which are very intractable. As
28, of Beverly, N.J., voted fo
support especially among
President Bush is taking a
unless he sharpens his themes.
areas of welfare reform, edu-
people begin to focus on these
Bush in 1988, but now blame
men, a traditional GOP
more prominent campaign
"The election is ours to lose,
cation reform, health care."
issues, they get frustrated."
Bush for a $20,000 salary CU
stronghold. Bush support:
role as a USA TODAY/CNN/
and I think, thus far, we are do-
Some GOP leaders' certain-
The poll shows twice as
since his hours were halved
Gallup Poll confirms erosion in
Ing a pretty good job of losing
ty that Ross Perot's appeal
many men as women deserting
He likes Perot's style: "H
support among men, B corner-
It," says Tennessee Republican
would fade has evolved into de-
1988 slection
the president. Without the sup-
might be the one thing that
stone of his GOP base.
Chairman Tommy Hopper.
mands for counterattack -
port of 57% of male voters In
could bring us back up quick.
Current poll
Though Bush refuses to cam-
"I don't think they should
and consternation when noth-
1988, Bush's blowout might
Says Bush campaign manag
57%
paign full time until after Au-
wait till after the convention,"
Ing Bush tries seems to help.
have been a cliffhanger.
er Fred Malek: "For men.
50%
gust's convention, he's gradual-
says Bill Bennett, Bush's ex-
In a memo to Bush three
Men are less likely than
Perot seems like this macho.
For men, Perot
ly shifting his focus to politics:
drug czar and education secre-
weeks ago, White House do-
women to agree that Bush
can-do guy riding in from the
30%
34%
seems like this
He's now attending weekly
tary, who's among those the
mestic policy adviser Clayton
"cares about people like you,"
West on a white horse and tak-
strategy meetings of top cam-
president is tapping for advice.
Yeutter defined the post-Cold
a reversal of 1988 views.
ing charge." Bush can win
macho can-do guy
paign and White House aides,
"They need to provide a
War voter mood that has cor-
Fewer men than women
them back "by demonstrating
riding in from the
seeking advice from a wider
clear, unambiguous reason for
roded Bush's support.
say Bush is honest - perhaps
his leadership over time."
West on a white
range of allies, getting briefed
re-election," he says. "The
"It's a little like winning the
because of his broken no-new-
GOP strategist Steve Merk-
horse and taking
more often on politics.
problem is momentum.
I
Men
Women
Super Bowl and you have this
taxes pledge. Also in contrast to
samer says that what Perot, un-
"He's getting more in-
am dismayed, I am dismayed."
letdown In the aftermath,"
1988, fewer men than women
charge."
like Bush, "has going for him is
Source: USA TODAY/CNN/Gellup
Poll taken June 12-14
volved," says Robert Mos-
Bush is sticking with empha-
Yeutter says. "People are real-
believe he can get things done.
the ability to project a strong
bacher, campaign co-chair-
Fred Malek, Bush
USA TODAY
sis on his plans for economic
ly searching for direction.
Men were more likely
and coherent message. That
man. "He's really taken hold of
recovery, health and education
campaign manager
They've lost their gyroscope."
than women in 1988 to favor
strength translates into a high-
getting his message out."
reform. Ohio GOP Chairman
Voter anger, Yeutter says,
Bush on economic issues; the
er percentage of male votes."
No.11N THE USA 6.6.MILLION READERS A DAY
WEDNESDAY,
JUNE 17, 1992
4A WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992 USA TODAY
ELECTION '92
A LOOK AT THE CANDIDATES AND THE ISSUES
Bush brother's deal
is Democratic ammo
A soured business deal between a Japanese company
and President Bush's older brother, Prescott Bush Jr., could
provide new ammunition for critics of his family's financial
dealings. West Tsusho Co. of Tokyo, a company with alleged
mob ties, is suing Bush's older brother for $2.5 million in-
volving a 1989 stock deal.
The company charged
Election coverage
that Bush Jr. failed to
honor a promise to reim-
USA TODAY/CNN/
burse half of its $5 mil-
Gallup Poll, 1A, 9A
lion investment in a New
Perot and MIAs, 2A
York financial company
Clinton on MTV, 3A
if the stock lost its value
Family values, 1D
within five years. The
Souljah talks back, 1D
company went out of
business this spring.
The president has
called his brother's busi-
ness dealings "a private matter." But Democratic strategists
say they are collecting information about business dealings
by Bush's family that could be used in the campaign.
QUAYLE ON MURPHY BROWN: Vice President Quayle
has had his hands full over his critical remarks about TV's
single mom Murphy Brown. Asked how he's doing, Quayle
said, "Murphy Brown's doing better than I am. At least she
knows she's coming back next year." Quayle made the com-
ment as he waited for Russian President Boris Yeltsin to
arrive at the White House.
- Jessica Lee
CARTER PREDICTS: Former president Jimmy Carter
said he expects the presidential race to deadlock and end
up in Congress, with the House of Representatives choosing
between Ross Perot and Bill Clinton.
WHERE CANDIDATES ARE TODAY
Democrat Bill Clinton: Labor speech in Las Vegas.
Republican George Bush: Summit with Boris Yeltsin.
Independent Ross Perot: Dallas.
No. THE USA 6.6 MILLION
WEDNESDAY,
JUNE 17, 1992
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17. 1992 USA TODAY
THE POW
Perot steers clear of mixing
politics, POWs
By Debble Howlett
The focus was to be twofold:
and Carol J. Custaneda
Putting information that
USA TODAY
Perot has provided elsewhere
into the formal record.
After 23 years seeking a
Addressing charges that
spotlight for POWs, Roes Perot
Perot tried to drum up business
is refusing to testify before a
during POW talks with Hanol.
Senate committee looking into
The risk of not testifying:
the possibility that prisoners of
Perot may leave some wonder-
war presumed dead in Viet-
ing If he has something to hide.
nam are still alive.
"It would have been very
The hearing "could become
treacherous ground, but there
a rerun of the Judge Thomas-
are some really serious
Anita Hill hearings,' Perot said
charges here," says Peter
Tuesday in a letter to Sen. John
Gold, who worked on Connecti-
Kerry, D-Mass.
cut Gov. Lowell Welcker's
"This whole matter could be-
third-party campaign. "Duck-
come a media circus conduct-
Ing the hearing altogether is
ed In a completely political at-
bound to leave questions."
mosphere," Perot said. "Any
Perot's work on behalf of
remaining Americans still
POWs dates to 1969, when he
alive from the Vietnam War
chartered two Boeing 707s to
deserve better than that."
fly Christmas gifts and relief
Kerry, chairman of the POW
supplies to POWs in Hanol. Of-
committee, refused to rule out
ficials in Vietnam refused to al-
a subpoena for Perot.
low him into the country.
But Kerry also said be un-
Since then, Perot has be-
derstands the political context.
come "a lightning rod for peo-
He promised he'd halt any
pie who felt (servicemen)
questions that had political
were still alive," says Perot
UPI
overtones. "He's been commit-
spokesman James Squires.
POW CRUSADER: Ross Perot, in April of 1970, talks through an interpreter with North Vietnamese
ted to this issue, and I would
Among those who can't fault
POWs being held in a South Vietnamese camp.
think he would be dying for the
Perot is Lisbeth Hyde, whose
opportunity to tell people
father, Air Force Maj. Albro
Perot became deeply in-
ing servicemen because of in-
talk about the matter.
what he knows," Kerry said.
Lundy Jr., was shot down
volved in the issue in the mid-
volvement by ranking Defense
The Solarz panel, on a tie
But Perot - expected to for-
Christmas Eve 1970. His body
1980s, when President Reagan
officials in a Thai drug ring.
vote, ultimately killed a pro-
mally announce his Indepen-
was never recovered.
let him see Pentagon files,
Rep. Stephen Solarz, D-N.Y.,
posal to establish a commission
dent bid for the presidency in a
If it comes down to trusting
some of them top secret.
who headed the subcommittee,
headed by Perot to investigate
few days refuses to step un-
Congress or Perot, Hyde will go
In 1986, he testified before a
says even though he has re-
whether servicemen might
protected into an arena where
with Perot "He's not into bones
House subcommittee that be
pentedly asked Perot to name
have been left behind.
both parties can make hay of
and remains," she says. "Per-
had evidence the government
his sources, Perot has refused.
A few months later, in
his dealings on the issue.
ot's into getting back live men."
covered up knowledge of miss-
Perot even now declines to
March 1987, Perot flew to Ha-
Billionaire's commitment
to 'people we left behind'
Ross Perot has long been
left men behind; high proba-
concerned about POWs.
bility some were still alive;
Since the end of the Viet-
and zero possibility of get-
nam War, he has focused on
ting them back by force. I
2,266 servicemen missing in
was left with one option.
action but presumed dead.
Negotiate."
noi to meet with Vietnamese
Perot has hinted be be-
officials to try to open the door
be Hanol's advocate.
- Quoted by journalist
for negotiations on POWs.
And Squires says it is "naive"
lieves some of those men
Menika Jensen-Stevenson
are still alive. His crusade
is 1990 book Kiss the
He hasn't forgotten that
to believe Perot would endan-
Boys Goodbye
then-vice president George
ger delicate negotiations by
has made him a hero to
Bush told him Reagan wouldn't
flat-out rejecting Vietnamese
families of POWs and MIAs.
"We walked out. We left
back him.
overtures on business deals.
in his own words:
people behind, and now
That trip also stirred contro-
"Is there any way he's go-
"After years of neglect,
what we've really got to do
versy recently with allegations
ing to make money in the com-
your committee is probably
is sit down and negotiate
that Perot used the trip to dis-
puter business in Vletnam, of
the MIAs' last chance."
their release. And the sad
cuss business with the hostile
all places?" Squires says.
June 16, 1992, letter to
thing is that we've waited
government under embargo.
Sen. John Kerry, D-Masa.
so long to do it."
Perot denies ever offering to
Campaign index, 4A
Editorial, 12A
Testifying Jan. 27,
"I had proved there was
1986, before a House
overwhelming evidence we
subcommittee 90 POWs
POWs: ARE THEY ALIVE?
TODAY
Find
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
By H. Dam Beiser, USA TODAY
By David Creamer, San Bernardino County Sun
Lisbeth Hyde, 31, Centreville, Va.
Bruce Brown, 33, Highland, Callf.
She le the daughter of Air Force Maj.
He is the son of Air Force LL Col.
Albro Lundy Jr., who was shot down
Robert M. Brown, who was shot down
over Laos Dec. 24, 1970.
Nov. 7, 1972 over North Vietnam, and
is believed to have been taken to the
Life In the gulag, 2A
former Soviet Union.
Editorial, 12A
COVER STORY
Abuse issue
avoided by
'A feeling all
many doctors
will be coming
By Mike Snider
USA TODAY
Doctors could play a pivotal
home soon'
role in fighting domestic vio-
lence, but they're afraid to get
By Laurence Jolidon
involved, experts say.
and Carol J. Castaneda
As many as 4 million women
USA TODAY
and 2 million children a year
suffer physical and sexual vio-
An anguished Vietnam War
lence and neglect, but as few as
legacy stung the national con-
5% are Identified as abused.
science once more Tuesday
"There's a big hole" in the
with Boris Yeltsin's admission
safety net for abuse victims
that missing U.S. soldiers had
"where health-care providers
been held- and might still be
need to be," says Dr. Anne Fllt-
alive - in Russia.
craft, University of Connecti-
President Bush, claiming
cut Health Center, Hartford.
"no specific information about
"We must overcome our
these latest leads," reacted
own denial and apathy," says
By Tim Dillon, USA TODAY
quickly to Yeltsin's bomb: He
Surgeon General Antonia No-
YELTSIN: Says Soviets
ordered Malcolm Toon - for-
vello, who Tuesday announced
held Vietnam POWs
mer ambassador to the Soviet
a national network to diagnose
Union and now U.S. head of a
and prevent domestic violence.
joint Russian-U.S. panel on
Today's Journal of the
POWs and MIAS- to Moscow "immediately" to follow up.
American Medical Association
Senators on the Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs
is devoted to domestic vio-
scrambled to stay ahead of a politically explosive issue, urg-
lence. Among studies:
ing Yeltsin to meet with them this week and huddling to
More than half of 38 doc-
plan a new agenda of hearings this month.
tors surveyed at an urban HMO
Pentagon officials sprang their own new report: an un-
said they had no training in
confirmed, recent live-sighting in Russia of a U.S. POW
recognizing domestic violence;
from the Korean War, which ended 39 years ago.
18% called it a "Pandora's
And at the heart of the issue, the frayed hopes of families
box" they're reluctant to open.
of long-missing servicemen were raised anew - albeit
67% of 619 Ohio doctors
higher this time.
surveyed would advise spank-
"We actually believe we're going to see our dad soon,"
ing in the home- even though
said Lisbeth Hyde, 31, of Centreville, Va, daughter of Air
it can escalate to abuse.
Force Maj. Albro Lynn Lundy Jr., who was shot down over
One in 6 women seeking
Laos on Dec. 24, 1970. "We're praying for it. There's a feel-
prenatal care at public clinics
ing they will all be coming home soon."
in Baltimore and Houston suf-
fered "recurrent" abuse.
Please see COVER STORY next page
No. IN THE USA. 6.6 MILLION S.A.DAY
WEDNESDAY,
JUNE 17, 1992
Weinberger indicted in Iran-contra
By Sam Vincent Meddis
the continuing, 51/2-year probe.
Lawrence Walsh to plead
Reagan said Weinberger
USA TODAY
Last month, Reagan lawyer
guilty to a lesser offense. "Nor
would be "fully vindicated."
Theodore Olson told USA TO-
was I willing to give them state-
The indictment relies on
Caspar Weinberger Tuesday
DAY that Reagan had not been
ments which were not true
1,700 pages of Weinberger's
became the highest-ranking
informed he was under investi-
about myself or others."
personal notes, revealed in No-
member of the Reagan admin-
gation. Olson declined Tuesday
Weinberger wouldn't identi-
vember. Prosecutors say they
istration to be indicted on Iran-
to say if Reagan has been told
fy those "others," but It was re-
show he withheld information
contra charges.
recently that he's a target.
ported last month that Walsh
from Congress and probers.
The indictment of the for-
But Olson denied any wrong-
was pressuring him to provide
If convicted, Weinberger
mer Defense secretary - on
doing by the former president.
evidence against Reagan.
could face up to 25 years in
five cover-up related felony
Weinberger, 74, said Tues-
Weinberger, now publisher
prison, $1.25 million in fines.
counts - fueled speculation
day he'd rejected an offer by
of Forbes magazine, vowed to
the ex-president is a focus of
the office of special prosecutor
"fight this injustice to the end."
Reagan's vulnerability, 3A
WEINBERG
The irony is that nuclear
['Star wars' is] a non-exis-
weapons don't serve any
tent defense against a non-
purpose.
existent threat.
"
"
TODAY
As Bush, Yeltsin meet, do
nuclear treaties still matter?
INTERVIEW
WEDNESDAY,
Veteran negotiator Paul
Warnke says yes, but our
goals and opportunities
are changing.
Q: President Bush and Boris
Yeltsin are struggling to work out
JUNE 17, 1992
nuclear arms cuts this week.
What's SO difficult? Do those weap-
ons have a purpose anymore?
A: The irony is that they don't
serve any purpose. There is absolute-
ly no incentive for the Russians to
strike the United States. What they
need is Western aid, SO from their
standpoint they'd be destroying the
source of those resources. But there
is still the question of prestige. There
is still the question of not looking as if
they're now a bankrupt country that
has to sue for peace.
Q: So this summit is about getting
as much as we can while letting
Yeltsin save face? Why not just
press our advantage?
A: This is a very important meet-
ing for Yeltsin. On his first trip to the
By Tim Dillon, USA TODAY
United States, I think a lot of people
at our Nevada test site. So we have
found him to be a bit of a buffoon
that if you had a Pakistani bomb
China and the United States that are
and sort of a sad contrast to Mikhail
which they may have and an Indi-
Gorbachev. He needs to establish
the only ones in the nuclear-testing
an bomb which we know they
himself as the leader of what is still a
club. When we try to justify continu-
have - and some kind of a conflict
very, very powerful country, SO I
ing to test, we give a certain glamour
that aroused passions to a particular-
think it would be a mistake to try to
to nuclear weapons.
ly high point of intensity, I can con-
push him too hard. He is probably
Q: Some people say we need the
ceive of a nuclear war, yeah.
the best hope we have for a Russia
tests so we can find a way to shoot
Q: Might not nuclear weapons
which will be a constructive member
down nuclear missiles - the "star
deter war, as they may have de-
of the international community. We
wars" defense.
terred war between the USA and
ought to treat him well.
Soviet Union?
A: That's crazy. A non-existent de-
Q: We used to have 12,000 nuclear
fense against a non-existent threat.
A: If nuclear weapons had never
warheads each. This treaty would
cut it to 4,700. How many warheads
Q: Does It have value as a de-
been invented, there still would not
are enough?
fense against Third World mis-
have been World War III during the
siles?
past 45 years.
A: Probably something like 1,000
strategic warheads. That is certainly
A: Unless you're concerned about
Q: How can you be S0 sure?
far in excess of any real need.
a Canadian Scud attack, it serves no
A: I became convinced in my talks
purpose.
with Soviets that they wouldn't possi-
Q: Does the difference really
Q: Why? Won't more countries
bly dare start World War III because
matter?
acquire nuclear warheads and the
the Soviet Union would have col-
A: It's easier to control a smaller
ability to deliver them here?
lapsed. And I think subsequent
number. And there's the emotional
events confirmed that. The Soviet
impact. What we have to do over a
A: Deliver them here by what
Union would be very heavily depen-
period of years is to devalue nuclear
means? If you mean a ballistic mis-
dent in a war against NATO on
weapons, deprive them of their val-
sile, it is at least a decade off. But, of
Czechoslovakian troops, Polish
ue as a status symbol because you've
course, there's always the suitcase
troops, East German troops, and
got a lot of countries that feel, "I'm
bomb. There's always one you can
they knew well they couldn't count
not in the big league unless I have a
drop from a Piper Cub or smuggle in
on them. So a major war between the
nuclear weapon." I think this is the
a bail of marijuana. There are many
Warsaw Pact and NATO would have
way in which we would have a real
ways of delivering nuclear weapons,
meant the earlier demise of the Sovi-
risk of nuclear war.
SO it's important that they not have
et Union.
them even if they don't have sophisti-
Q: How do you do that?
cated means of delivery.
Q: Then why did we spend all
that money and suffer all that fear
A: For one thing, go along with a
Q: How would you do it?
of Armageddon?
test ban. Russia has declared a one-
year moratorium. The French have
A: Eventually, you have interna-
A: To scare one another to death.
stopped testing The British couldn't
tional control over all remaining nu-
We genuinely believed that unless
test if we stopped because they test
clear armaments, and that's going to
we built up an immense military ma-
take a long time.
chine, they would try to take over the
Q: Do you think there will be a
world by force and violence- not a
Paul Warnke, former chief U.S.
nuclear war someplace someday?
totally absurd assumption. Stalin did
arms negotiator and assistant secre-
live, and he was a monster. And we
tary of Defense, is founder of the
A: It depends on our ability to con-
had the experience of Hitler. So we
Committee for National Security.
trol proliferation. But take the Indian
necessarily were the captives of our
Today's Q&A is edited from remarks
subcontinent, and look at what Hindu
own past experiences.
he made in an interview with USA
has done to Muslim and vice versa
TODAY's editorial board.
over the years. It would seem to me
Summit, 1A
No. : IN THE USA 6.6.MILLION DAY
WEDNESDAY,
JUNE 17, 1992
What POWs faced in gulags
By Laurence Jolidon
pire needed laborers just to survive
ria, to Siberia.
USA TODAY
as a country.
VIETNAM WAR: The Soviets
Foreigners, ethnic minorities and
served a similar role as in Korea, sta-
Living conditions for U.S. POWs
Soviet political prisoners were
tioning intelligence officers and ad-
held in the Soviet Union depended
marched off to gulag mines, fac-
visers with North Vietnamese forces.
on when misfortune put them there.
tories and farms, where
And MIAs from the
Reports that GIs were shipped to
they worked in subzero
fighting in Indochina
Siberia surfaced after every war. But
temperatures and harsh
could have been kept by
Russian President Boris Yeltsin has
conditions, often until
Vietnam, Laos and Cam-
given the first official indication that
they died.
bodia.
U.S. soldiers, who should have been
KOREAN WAR:
But intelligence dur-
repatriated, were instead impris-
The gulags lasted be-
ing and after the war in-
oned after World War II and the Ko-
yond Stalin's death in
dicates that U.S. POWs
rean War, during the Cold War and
1953, but living condi-
who were sent to the So-
even during the Vietnam War.
tions did improve for
viet Union - so-called
Accounts of a few U.S. civilians,
those kept during and af-
"Moscow-bound" POWs
clerics and military personnel, as
ter the Korean War. Af-
- were sought mostly
well as Russian inmates and people
ter years in a labor
for their technical and
of other nations placed in the gulags
camp, some inmates
AP
military expertise. Many
- some for decades, others for only
were put on "probation,"
KALUGIN: Tried to
were well-educated,
a few months - tell graphic stories
allowing them to take up
recruit U.S. spies
highly trained pilots and
of interrogation, deprivation, isola-
life in a nearby town,
technicians.
tion, exhaustion and death.
and even to marry, but never to
Retired major general Oleg Kalu-
WORLD WAR II: U.S. POWs lib-
leave the region.
gin, a former head of the Soviet
erated from German prison camps
U.S. soldiers taken prisoner in Ko-
KGB, said this year he sent agents to
by the Red Army and not returned
rea were interrogated by both Chi-
Vietnam to try to recruit U.S. POWs,
entered Stalin's slave-labor system
nese and Soviet officers. Intelligence
who would then return to the USA to
- the gulags - at its worst.
reports during the war told of train-
spy for Moscow.
The deaths of millions of Russians
loads of U.S. POWs being shipped
No such spies have ever been
in the war meant the communist em-
from North Korea, through Manchu-
identified.
No. IN THE USA 6.6.MILLION
WEDNESDAY,
JUNE 17, 1992
COVER STORY
MIAs: They're not all dead either'
Continued from 1A
Still missing, by conflict
Along with hope, some activists see a chance that Yelt-
sin's remarks - the first official confirmation of what
Number of U.S. military personnel still listed as
they have long tried to expose will lend credibility to a
missing in action:
situation their own government has diligently denied.
Number
The Russian connection to Vietnam POWs may mysti-
Total serving
War
fy those who haven't followed the convoluted evidence
missing
in war years
that has accumulated since the U.S. brought Its last troops
World War II
78,750
16.4 million
home in 1973, relinquishing Vietnam to the communists.
Korean War
8,100
5.8 million
The suspected link: Moscow backed North Vietnam
Vietnam War
2,266
8.7 million
with supplies and advisers. So when pilots and well-
Source: Defense Department
trained GI technicians were captured, Soviet military in-
telligence agents scooped them up and shipped them
north. Dubbed "Moscow-Bound" POWs, they were to
Administration officials stressed that Bush had been
boost the U.S.S.R's own military weapons technology.
assured by Yeltsin's predecessor, Mikhail Gorbachev,
Bruce Brown of Highland, Callf, whose father, Air
that no POWs were shipped to the U.S.S.R.
Force Lt. Col. Robert M. Brown, was shot down in 1972
"I want to assure all Americans, and particularly those
over North Vietnam, said, "My dad had three things the
families of the American POWs and MIAs," Bush said in
Soviets desperately wanted" - updated space technol-
a joint appearance with Yeltsin, "that we will spare no
ogy, intimate knowledge of U.S. anti-ballistic missiles and
effort in working with our Russian colleagues to investi-
experience in the most advanced combat aircraft at the
gate all information in the Russian archives concerning
time, the F-111.
our servicemen."
"He came down alive," Brown said. "It would be ridic-
Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass, co-chair of the POW/MIA
ulous If the Russians didn't take him."
committee, praised Yeltsin for making the facts public,
Despite renewed optimism, POW/MIA families
but said having POWs in "psychiatric hospitals" and pos-
around the U.S. haven't yet heard the most essential
sibly subjected to "experiments" instills "anxiety and un-
facts: names to match their loved ones from lists of more
easiness in all of us. That is what you get from the former
than 2,000 MIAs from Indochina, more than 8,000 from
criminal state which we know the Soviet Union to have
the Korean War, hundreds from the Cold War and tens of
been, and we shouldn't be surprised that they lied to us
thousands from World War II.
and deceived us. We knew they were doing that."
Since first admitting last week that servicemen were
POW/MIA news is always political dynamite, and fall-
shipped to Siberia under his communist predecessors,
out from the Yeltsin remarks included some sparks:
Yeltsin has released no names from files of men who
Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz, a former Vietnam POW,
might have been among them.
said he wants all ald to Russia halted, and all moves to
Pentagon spokesman Pete Williams said U.S. officials
normalize relations with Vietnam stopped, until the issue
still haven't gotten names for even the most specific
is resolved. He said he hopes the issue can be resolved
cases: 12 survivors of U.S. air crews Yeltsin said were put
quickly. "If there are Americans being held in Russia,
in labor camps or psychiatric clinics in the 1950s.
President Yeltsin should release them immediately"
But MIA families are used to coping with slim chances.
and, if not, "he should provide conclusive evidence prov-
"We've never given up hope," said Jean Ray of Santa Ma-
ing this fact to the American people."
ria, Callf., stepmother of Army Staff Sgt. James Michael
Rep. Robert K. Dornan, R-Calif,, blistered Bush in a
Ray, missing in Vietnam since July 1969.
House speech, calling the Russian revelations "the great-
"They're not all alive, but they're not all dead either."
est disgrace in my lifetime."
Yeltsin's remarks about Vietnam POWs caught not
Ross Perot, scheduled to testify before the POW/
only U.S. officials, but his own aldes, by surprise.
MIA committee in a few weeks because of his long in-
Just last Friday, in a letter to 92 U.S. senators, Yeltsin
volvement, announced he won't appear voluntarily be-
said GIs had been sent to gulags after World War II, the
cause the hearings "could become a political circus."
Korean War and during the Cold War.
Some activists are convinced the U.S. government has
He said at least 12 U.S. crewmen - survivors of Cold
kept evidence of living POWs and MIAs in files hidden
War spy-plane shootdowns over Soviet territory - had
from public view and now think the coverup will be
been held and might still be alive, but that essentially "no
blown sky-high.
data" dealing with Vletnam-era POWs had been found in
John Holland, a veteran and POW/MIA activist, said
the search of Soviet archives.
the coverup lasted this long "because there were too
Williams, acknowledging Yeltsin's Vietnam-POW com-
many people whose reputations were going to be hurt."
ments had "caught us a little off guard," said he still could
Scott Barnes, a former military intelligence agent and
supply no figures for Cold War crew or aircraft losses.
Perot supporter, believes the "Moscow bound" scheme is
And Russian officials involved in summit talks said
linked to the Indochina drug trade and government cor-
they can't add much. At the White House, Yeltsin said
ruption He warned that "Bush had better jump on this
"it's very possible" POWs are still alive in Russia. "We
opportunity immediately" and send a high-ranking offi-
are going to carry this all the way to the very ground to
cial to Hanoi.
find out the fate of every single last American who might
be on our territory."
Contributing: Jessica Lee
Bush, Yeltsin agree
to historic arms pact
By Jessica Lee
USA TODAY
SS-18
Satan
Each
President Bush and Russian
side will
President Bords Yeltsin agreed
cut nuclear
Tuesday to reduce by nearly
warheads
two-thirds what Bush called the
from more
TODAY
"most dangerous weapons."
than 10,000
Each side agreed to cut arse-
to at most
nais of long-range nuclear war-
3,500.
WEDNESDAY,
JUNE 17, 1992
heads to, at most, 3,500 by 2003
- going beyond the reductions
in the strategic arms treaty re-
cently concluded.
Poll: Perot
The historic agreement
came on the first of two days of
talks aimed at shifting the U.S.-
slips; mood
Russtan relationship from ad-
versarial to allied.
Bush and Yelstin turn to eco-
pessimistic
nomic matters today.
Bush said the pact marks an-
By Richard Benedetto
other step toward ending the
USA TODAY
"nuclear nightmare for
our
Support for Ross Perot may
children and grandchildren."
be peaking in the presidential
Calling the deal "unparal-
race, a new poll shows.
Ieled," Yeltsin said It "was
And it shows voters haven't
achieved without
anybody
been as pessimistic about the
wishing to take advantage.
country in more than a decade.
"We are departing from the
Findings from the USA
ominous parity where each
TODAY/CNN/Gallup Poll of
country is exerting every effort
1,000 voters:
to stay in line," Yeltsin said.
34% lean toward Perot,
Such efforts, he added, "led to
32% to President Bush and
Russia having half its people
24% to Democrat Bill Clinton.
living below the poverty line."
With the poll's margin of er-
The agreement apparently
ror at 3%, the two leaders are
eliminates Russian land-based
in a virtual tie.
multi-warhead missiles, the
Perot's support fell from
core of its arsenal, and cut sim-
39% in early June. Bush and
flar U.S. submarine-based mis-
Clinton stayed about even; un-
siles, long sought by Moscow.
decideds rose from 5% to 10%.
Today, Bush and Yeltsin
84% are dissatisfied with
wind up the summit by cruising
things - the most pessimistic
the Chesapeake Bay before
since July 1979 when Jimmy
signing treaties including:
Carter was in the White House.
Formalizing Russia's sta-
Perot's unfavorable rat-
tus as a most-favored-nation in
ings rose from 25% in mid-
trade, giving the Russians a
May to 30%. Bush's climbed
break on tariffs.
from 47% to 51%, while Clin-
Allowing U.S. businesses
ton's slipped from 48% to 47%.
to Invest in Russia.
"When you combine the rise
Enabling U.S. firms pay-
in unfavorables with the over-
ing Russian taxes to deduct
all decline in support, it's rea-
them from their U.S. taxes.
sonable to conclude Perot may
Relaxing U.S. prohibitions
be peaking" says Larry Hu-
against using Russian rockets
gick, editor of the Gallup Poll.
to launch U.S.-made satellites.
The poll was done June 12-
Setting up joint work in
14 after a tough week for Bush.
dealing with space mishaps.
Unemployment rose, and trips
Creating a Charter of Co-
to Panama and the Rio summit
operation and Friendship to
were public relations flascoes.
guide future relations.
And his unfavorable rating
led his favorable, 51% to 44%.
Charting the cuts, 4A
Interview, 13A
Political gender gaps, 9A
VIPs' kitchen aid
By Gary Hershorn, Reuters
CHEFS: Russian first lady Naina Yeltsin, right, Barbara Bush
and volunteer Kate Berenson make bologna and cheese sand-
wiches for the homeless Tuesday in Washington. (Helping, 4A)
The
Washington
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
The Tug of War Over Rates
Bush Administration, Federal Reserve Remain at Odds
failed to get the point, Brady clearly
bonds and other long-term securities
By John M. Berry
had the Fed in mind.
that mature in 10 to 30 years. These
Washington Post Staff Writer
It's not that Federal Reserve
investors already doubt that future
The Bush administration, fighting
Chairman Alan Greenspan doesn't
inflation will be as low as it is now, a
for its political life, remains at log-
agree with President Bush, Brady
skepticism they demonstrate by de-
gerheads with the Federal Reserve
and several senior Fed officials that
manding exceptionally high returns
over whether the central bank
a little faster economic growth
on long-term bonds.
should continue to reduce interest
would be better. But unlike the pres-
If investors become even more
rates to make the economy grow
ident, the central bank policy makers
skeptical and bond prices rise, the
faster.
face no day of electoral reckoning
Fed chairman warned last week,
Treasury Secretary Nicholas F.
five months from now and generally
rates on home mortgages and long-
Brady says he is convinced the econ-
believe it would be risky to try to do
term borrowing by business and
omy is rebounding but insists the
more to spur the slow recovery from
governments would go up and likely
Fed still should lower rates, because
recession.
choke off the economic recovery.
that would raise business and con-
Greenspan and many of his col-
Long-term interest rates are SO
sumer optimism and spark faster
leagues also do not want to jeopar-
important because they affect major
growth.
dize progress against inflation, and
decisions by individuals and compa-
"Lowering interest rates-a more
perhaps damage prospects for future
nies. For a family, the level of mort-
optimistic view by everybody, inves-
economic growth, by lowering rates
gage interest rates may be a key ele-
tors, consumers and industrial peo-
and pumping too much money into
ment in whether it can afford to buy
ple-is the way to work our way out
the economy between now and Elec-
a house. Similarly, for a business,
of this," Brady said last week in an
tion Day. If the economy is indeed
the interest rate it has to pay an in-
interview.
rebounding in a healthy way, then
vestor buying its bonds may be a
"If you are worried about the
more rate cuts are not needed, they
critical part of its decision on making
banking system
the single thing
believe. Moreover, unless the econo-
a large investment, such as building
that would help most is more opti-
my demonstrates new weakness,
a new plant.
mism, and that would come with
rate cuts actually could harm pros-
Greenspan underscored the point
lower interest rates. It has been a
pects for growth, they argue.
To Greenspan, the most worri-
yesterday in testimony before a
mystery to me why that has been so
some hazard for the Fed is the risk
House Government Operations sub-
hard to understand."
While he did not say who has
of spooking the investors who buy
See RATES, F2, Col. 3
Fed, Administration at Odds Over Interest Rates
RATES, From F1
lower short-term interest rates, the
bonds for lower returns. "And that is
"An aggressive round of easing at
officials believe.
really part of the answer to stimula-
this juncture would be misinterpret-
committee. The Fed suspects that
It is not just Bush and Brady who
tion of the housing market, as well
ed on several grounds," said one of
rates are as high as they are on long-
have been pressing Greenspan and
as business expansion and equip-
the analysts, Sam Kahan, chief econ-
term bonds, he said, because of in-
the Fed to keep cutting rates.
ment replacement."
omist for Fuji Securities Inc. in Chi-
vestors' "expectation of a reignition
During a Senate Banking Commit-
Greenspan, LaWare and other
cago. "It would be seen as a blatant
of inflationary pressures five years
tee hearing last week, Chairman
Fed officials also point out that the
political move and a sign of the Fed's
out, seven years, 10, 12 years out,
Donald W. Riegle Jr. (D-Mich.) and
Fed has trimmed rates repeatedly
willingness to tolerate more inflation
as distinct from the next year or
other members pressed Federal Re-
over the past three years, though
down the road."
two."
serve Board member John LaWare
not nearly as fast or as far as some
Furthermore, Kahan said, since
"If we can bring the rate of infla-
for an explanation on why the cen-
economists and government officials
the Fed usually changes rates in
tion down to negligible levels, and
tral bank was not cutting rates even
have urged. At every step, Brady
small increments, to do more than
create an environment in which the
though the unemployment rate, now
has urged the Fed to keep the rate
that in the current context "might
markets perceive that that is a per-
up to 7.5 percent, is at the highest
cuts coming.
set off a panic. Everyone would ask,
manent state, then one will see a de-
level in eight years.
The current round of cuts began
what does the Fed know about bank
cline in
long-term interest
Sen. Bob Graham (D-Fla.), who is
in June 1989 after the Fed decided
'x' or economic situation 'y' that we
rates," Greenspan predicted.
up for reelection, told LaWare: "I
that its effort over the previous year
don't know."
"I'd go on to say that if we concur-
think that there are relatively few
and a half to control inflation by
Allen Sinai, chief economist for
rently could resolve the budget defi-
things that can have the immediate,
slowing economic growth was begin-
the Boston Co., an investment advi-
cit problem
the combination of
pervasive, positive impact that low-
ning to bear fruit. Since then, the
sory and forecasting firm, disputed
the two could" push bond rates even
ering interest rates would have on
Fed's target for the key federal
the notion that the economic recov-
lower.
the psychology and reality of our
funds rate-the interest rate finan-
cial institutions charge one another
ery is as strong as Brady and the
Aside from the inflation question,
economy. And I would hope that you.
Fed seem to believe it is.
would not only passively consider it.
on overnight loans-has been cut 22
many Fed policy makers simply
but would give it very urgent atten-
times, from just under 10 percent to
"A solid spring upturn is not un-
don't believe that further reductions
tion."
3.75 percent.
folding," Sinai said, adding that the
in short-term rates-the only ones
Meanwhile, the Treasury still
Fed should reduce rates. "Lower
Why not cut rates? "What are the
they control-would do much to
risks?" Graham wanted to know.
must pay about 7.4 percent on its
rates have always worked magic" in
spur economic growth in coming
"Obviously, one of the risks that
10-year bonds, down only just over 1
the U.S. economy, and under cur-
months.
we have to balance is the risk of re-
percentage point. Over the same pe-
rent circumstances there is no other
The basic problems weighing on
igniting inflation," LaWare said.
riod, 30-year Treasury bonds have
way to achieve faster growth, he
the economy-such as the large
"The basic trend of inflation is down.
moved even less.
said.
overhang of empty office buildings,
And it is our firm belief that a stable
But are the worries of Greenspan
Sinai acknowledged the Fed's
cutbacks in defense industries,
price environment is the healthiest
and his colleagues justified? What
worries about what might happen to
spending cuts and tax increases by
environment for the economy."
would happen if the Fed were to cut
bond rates but said those concerns
many state and local governments,
If the Fed sticks to its current pol-
the federal funds rate, say, to 3 per-
were not valid right now. "If the
and efforts by many businesses and
icy course, he predicted, "we will
cent? No one knows for sure, but a
economy is subpar in so many ways,
households to reduce their debt
eventually convince the markets,"
number of financial analysts said the
then long-term rates ought not to go
loads-would not be alleviated by
and investors will be willing to buy
Fed is right to be cautious.
up." he said. "You need lower rates."
The Mushington
Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Weinberger Indicted on 5 Counts
Ex-Defense Secretary Charged With Lying in Iran-Contra Affair
from 1981 to 1987, said, "I am deeply trou-
necessity for the length of our investiga-
By George Lardner Jr. and Walter Pincus
bled and angry at this unfair and unjust in-
tion," Gillen said. "This case has to do with a
Washington Post Staff Writers
dictment.
I vigorously opposed the
senior government official, the former sec-
Former defense secretary Caspar W.
transfer and sale of arms to Iran and fought
retary of defense, withholding relevant, im-
Weinberger was indicted yesterday on
it at every turn inside the administration."
portant information."
charges that he lied repeatedly about his
He went on to say he had refused to ac-
Reagan, in a brief statement issued by his
knowledge of the Iran-contra affair and ob-
cept an offer from Iran-contra prosecutors
Los Angeles office, described Weinberger
structed investigators by concealing exis-
to "plead to a misdemeanor of which I was
as "a man of the highest integrity" and ex-
tence of extensive notes he had taken at
not guilty. Nor was I willing to give them
pressed confidence that the former defense
crucial points in the scandal.
statements which were not true about my-
secretary would be "fully vindicated."
A federal grand jury returned five felony
self or others. I would not give false testi-
The Iran-contra scandal involved the
counts against Weinberger, making him the
mony nor would I enter a false plea."
Reagan administration's covert arms-for-
highest-ranking Reagan administration of-
Walsh's top prosecutor, deputy indepen-
hostages sales to Iran, its secret military
ficial to be indicted in the 51/2-year inves-
dent counsel Craig Gillen, said at an earlier
supply line to the contra rebels in Nicaragua
tigation conducted by independent counsel
news conference that the indictment was
and its diversion of profits from the Iranian
Lawrence E. Walsh.
not about what side Weinberger took in the
arms sales to the contra cause.
The indictment ends months of backstage
administration on the 1985-86 shipments of
Yesterday's indictment represented a
negotiations between Weinberger's lawyers
arms to Iran in return for the release of
significant advance for Walsh's long-running
and Walsh's prosecutors who had been try-
American hostages held by pro-Iranian mil-
probe, which has been dogged recently by
ing to get the former defense secretary to
itants in Lebanon. Rather, he said, it dealt
adverse court rulings. While the indepen-
provide evidence that former president
with Weinberger's alleged concealment of a
dent counsel's investigation has led to nine
Ronald Reagan took part in the coverup of
huge amount of information, including more
guilty pleas by former Reagan administra-
his administration's worst scandal.
than 1,700 pages of personal diary notes,
tion officials and others, convictions against
In a bitter statement to reporters, Wein-
when investigators most needed them.
the two highest-profile defendants-former
berger, 74, who was defense secretary
"This case is a graphic illustration of the
See WEINBERGER, A6, Col. 1
Weinberger Indicted in Iran-Contra Affair
designed in part to conceal these 1985 shipments be-
WEINBERGER, From A1
cause Reagan had not legally authorized them or dis-
national security adviser John M. Poindexter and his
closed them to Congress.
aide, Oliver L. North-were overturned on appeal.
The Weinberger notes show for the first time that
According to the indictment, Weinberger's notes,
these shipments were fully discussed in the presence of
discovered in the Library of Congress by prosecutors
the president by Weinberger and Shultz and that Wein-
last fall, depict Reagan as repeatedly being warned in
berger strenuously argued they were illegal.
December 1985 that an arms shipment to Iran he had
Called to testify before Congress in a June 1987 de-
approved the previous month was illegal. Reagan has
position, Weinberger denied knowing about the Novem-
always maintained in official testimony that he was not
ber 1985 shipment. Asked by a House counsel if he had
aware of the shipment until early the next year when
advance knowledge of the transfer, the then-defense
Tehran returned the munitions as unacceptable.
secretary said, "No, I did not."
The Weinberger papers, as described in the indict-
In fact, the indictment charged, Weinberger had been
ment, provide new details about high-level Iran-contra
told by then-national security adviser Robert C. McFar-
meetings that included not only Reagan but Secretary
lane on Nov. 10, 1985, of the planned Hawk shipment;
of State George P. Shultz and, sometimes, then-Vice
had been asked by McFarlane on Nov. 19 about obtain-
ing as many as 500 Hawks for transfer to Iran; had
President Bush.
The most important session, one Bush did not attend,
been told on Nov. 20 by McFarlane that Reagan had
appears to be a White House meeting on Dec. 7, 1985,
decided to sell the Hawks through Israel; and had been
at which all the arms shipments that year from Israel to
told by McFarlane on Nov. 20 that Israel would sell 120
Iran were discussed. The Israelis had shipped 508 U.S.
Hawks to Iran and that all Americans held hostage in
TOW antitank missiles to Tehran, bringing about the
Lebanon would be released two days later.
release of one of the Americans held hostage, Rev. Ben-
Weinberger's papers, according to the indictment,
jamin Weir. A shipment of 18 Hawk antiaircraft missiles
contain other new insights. One Weinberger note indi-
had also been delivered on Nov. 24, 1985, part of a.
cates that First Lady Nancy Reagan became angry with
planned sale of 120 Hawks intended to bring about re-
Shultz as the scandal was beginning to unfold publicly in
late 1986 and wanted him replaced because she thought
lease of all remaining U.S. hostages.
The alleged coverup that took place a year later was
he was "disloyal to the president."
The Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
This note describes a meeting Weinberger had with
perjury during testimony before the Iran-contra inves-
Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United States, Prince
tigating committees on July 31, 1987-once about his
Bandar bin Sultan, on Nov. 23, 1986. During the con-
knowledge of the November 1985 shipment and once
versation, Bandar disclosed he had met recently with
about his knowledge of the need to resupply Israel with
Nancy Reagan and said she agreed with Bandar that
the TOW missiles delivered to Tehran in August and
Weinberger should be Shultz's replacement.
September 1985.
Shultz had incurred White House ire because he had
The fifth count alleges that Weinberger lied to Gillen
distanced himself publicly from the administration's
and FBI agents during an Oct. 10, 1990, interview
arms-for-hostages policy and challenged Reagan's pub-
about the existence of his notes.
lic statements that there had not been any arms-for-
Gillen declined to tell reporters yesterday when he
hostages shipments through any third country in 1985.
first located Weinberger's notes in the Library of Con-
Each of the five counts against Weinberger carries a
gress. Weinberger had placed them there after he re-
maximum penalty of five years in prison and a $250,000
signed to facilitate the writing of his memoirs. Under an
fine.
"agreement of deposit" with the library, he was to have
The first count accuses him of obstructing the con-
control over access to the records.
gressional Iran-contra investigation in 1987 by unlaw-
In his statement yesterday, Weinberger said he "fully
fully concealing the daily notes he jotted down at his
cooperated with every aspect of the investigations con-
Pentagon desk as well as hundreds of additional pages
ducted by Congress and the Office of Independent
of notes he took at White House meetings.
Counsel." He also noted he gave Walsh access to his
Weinberger gave the Iran-contra committees only
papers and "at no time did I ever knowingly misrepre-
the notes for one White House meeting, which took
sent the facts or deceive Congress or anyone else."
place on Nov. 10, 1986. The grand jury said he falsely
The five-year statute of limitations for the perjury
denied having other relevant notes.
charges had been due to expire today. Weinberger's law-
The second count accuses Weinberger of lying in a
yer, Robert S. Bennett, according to sources, had spoken
June 1987 deposition about his knowledge of secret
to Walsh on Sunday about extending it. Walsh, these
Saudi contributions of millions of dollars to the contras
sources said, seemed to agree and suggested Bennett pro-
at a time when Congress had barred U.S. assistance to
vide a draft of such an agreement to Gillen Monday.
the rebels. The indictment said that Weinberger had
Bennett sent a draft to Gillen, but was not able to talk
been explicitly informed of the Saudi contributions on
to him, these sources said. Instead, with Walsh in Okla-
March 13, 1985, and that Weinberger, in turn, men-
homa, Gillen brusquely informed Bennett yesterday
tioned them to top CIA officials two days later.
morning that there would be no extension and that
The third and fourth counts accuse Weinberger of
Walsh had approved going ahead with the indictment.
Ex-Rep. Garcia Sentenced to 3 Years
Judge Orders Parole Eligibility for Wedtech Scandal Defendant
Reuter
"You stand before the court as an
and his wife, 52, was convicted of
NEW YORK, June 16-Former
example of corruption of the Amer-
two counts of extortion and conspir-
Trepresentative Robert Garcia (D-
ican dream, having compromised the
acy.
N.Y.) was sentenced today to three
integrity of your office for personal
Garcia was found to have taken a
gain," Edelstein said before sentenc-
years in prison for his role in the
$20,000 interest-free loan from
ing Garcia.
Wedtech scandal, but it is unlikely he
Wedtech in return for help in obtain-
The collapse of Wedtech, a Bronx
will serve any more time behind
ing government contracts. His wife
military contractor, became a scan-
bars.
was convicted of taking a $76,000
dal that reached Congress and the
payoff.
U.S. District Judge David Edel-
White House during the Reagan ad-
This was their second conviction
stein ordered that Garcia, a Bronx
ministration.
in the Wedtech case.
Democrat who has already served
Wedtech won large government
They were first found guilty of
about three months in prison, should
contracts under a program that made
related charges in October 1989 and
be eligible for parole immediately.
minority-owned businesses eligible
sentenced to three years in prison.
Edelstein also sentenced Garcia's
for such contracts without compet-
But the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of
wife, Jane, to three months in prison.
itive bidding.
Appeals reversed their convictions
Both are free pending the outcome of
Garcia, 58, was convicted in Oc-
on a technicality and sent the case
their appeal.
tober 1991 of one count of extortion
back for a new trial.
The Mushington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
By Maralee Schwartz
and Howard Kurtz
Washington Post Staff Writers
The presidential campaign reached
the MTV generation yesterday.
In a televised forum staged by the
all-music network, Bill Clinton, wear-
ing a red flowered tie, fielded ques-
tions from 18- to 24-year-olds on sub-
jects ranging from rap singer Sister
Souljah to condoms in schools to his
wife, Hillary.
In rapid-fire fashion, the Demo-
cratic candidate was asked about his
early rock influences ("Going nuts
over Elvis Presley"), his favorite band
(Kenny G), his sign (Leo), warning la-
bels on record albums (okay if they're
voluntary) and whether, if he could
replay his youthful experiment with
marijuana, he would inhale ("Sure, if I
could").
Clinton also said for the first time
ASSOCIATED PRESS
that if elected he would name New
Democratic presidential candidate
York Gov. Mario M. Cuomo to the
Clinton at MTV taping in Hollywood.
Supreme Court.
MTV plans to air the 90-minute
vote.
A lot of our concerns are
program a half-dozen times in the
overlooked or are just not in my
next three days. In a year when some
space." The Arkansas governor said
Network Invites Bush and Perot to Appear Too
Wants Its Viewers' Votes
Clinton Gets His MTV,
of the most important campaign mo-
he was the only candidate who had
ments have unfolded with talk show
addressed the issues and that "if you
hosts Larry King and Arsenio Hall,
vote for me, you're not just buying a
not anchors Dan Rather or Ted Kop-
pig in a poke."
pel, the network offered Clinton ac-
Sillett later gave Clinton high
cess to 15 million younger viewers,
marks. "A lot of us distrust anyone
many of them uninterested in poli-
who is a politician, but he came
tics. MTV has also invited President
across to me as pretty straightfor-
Bush and Ross Perot, who have not
ward," she said.
yet responded.
Denise Munro, 25, said Clinton
"People under 25 get the feeling
had "a lot of good answers and pro-
they're not really being talked to
grams" but also seemed like he
about their own concerns," said Tom
"didn't want to offend too many Re-
Freston, chairman of MTV Net-
publicans." She did not like Clinton's
works. "A lot of it is directed to
support for an Arkansas law requir-
someone else, someone older. Clin-
ing minors to notify their parents be-
ton makes a statement just by talking
fore obtaining an abortion.
overtly to their age group."
Most of the presidential candidates
The session, taped in Hollywood,
this year have been interviewed on
was co-anchored by MTV reporter
MTV. Former California governor
Tabitha Soren, 24, whose campaign
Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown Jr. told the
reports are marked by quick cuts,
network earlier this year that "If just
jazzy music and bright graphics. "If
the kids who watch MTV all went out
we presented the news the way the
and voted, they could change this
other networks do, they would flip
country."
the remote," Soren said on NBC's
Frank Greer, Clinton's media ad-
"Today" show.
viser, called the MTV appearance "a
The average viewer watches
brilliant idea" that "adds a dimension
MTV's melange of rap, rock and reg-
to Bill Clinton as someone who cares
gae for 12 minutes, and that was ev-
deeply about getting young people in-
ident in the quick pace of yesterday's
volved in the political process."
program. Clinton offered his standard
Greer said he has told Clinton, who
responses to issue questions, but
is in the midst of a two-week blitz of
many of the queries were more per-
call-in shows and televised town
sonal.
meetings, that "you've got all the
Asked about growing up with an al-
facts and figures. All you have to do
coholic stepfather, Clinton said, "I
is show passion. If someone says to
learned to be a peacemaker in my
you 'what about crime,' talk as if you
home, both forcibly and in non-forc-
really feel it."
ible ways.
The good news is that
Clinton showed the most emotion
I'm always trying to make things bet-
in defending his wife. "I don't see
ter. But the bad news is sometimes I
why my wife should check her life-
think I try too hard to make peace
time of work, her experience, her in-
when you just have to cut it and rec-
telligence, her passion and compas-
ognize that conflict is inevitable."
sion, at the front door if I get elected
Dominique Sillett, 19, an art stu-
president," he said.
dent, asked why she should support
Schwartz reported from Hollywood,
Clinton, saying, "My friends don't
Kurtz from Washington.
The Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Meets
at
9
a.m.
Committees:
Appropriations-10 a.m. District of
Columbia subc. FY93 approps. for the
public schools. 138 Dirksen Office
Bldg.
Armed Services-2 p.m. Bomber
"roadmap" & related bomber programs,
ON CAPITOL HILL
& Tri- Service Standoff Attack Missile
(TSSAM). 222 Russell Office Bldg.
Banking, Housing & Urban
Affairs-10:30 a.m. Condition of the
thrift industry. 538 DOB:
Senate Debate Kills
lief for independent oil and gas
Commerce, Science &
producers and an 18-month ex-
Transportation-2 p.m. Merchant
Limits on Replacing
tension of nearly a dozen pop-
marine subc. Bush admin. proposals to
reform U.S. maritime industry.
ular tax breaks that are due to
Transportation Sec. Andrew Card. 253
SENATE
Striking Workers
expire this month.
ROB.
The legislation, introduced by
Energy & Natural Resources-2 p.m.
Union-backed legislation to
Nominations of Jerry Langdon &
TODAY IN CONGRESS
Chairman Lloyd Bentsen (D-
William Liedtke to be members of
limit the right of employers to
Tex.), also would repeal the 10
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
hire permanent replacements
366 DOB.
percent luxury tax on boats,
Finance-9:30 a.m. Proposals for
for striking workers died in the
jewelry, furs and airplanes,
universal health care coverage through
Senate yesterday as supporters
while indexing the tax on expen-
public health insurance programs. HHS
of the bill failed by three votes
Sec. Louis Sullivan. 215 DOB.
sive automobiles.
Foreign Relations-2:15 p.m. North
to limit debate and move the
A number of the bill's provi-
Pacific Salmon Treaty. 419 DOB.
measure toward passage.
sions were part of the middle-in-
Labor & Human Resources-9 a.m.
The bill, a top legislative pri-
come tax relief bill that Pres-
Mark up Orphan Drug Amendments;
National Community Economic
ority of organized labor, was
ident Bush vetoed earlier this
Partnership Act; Nominations of
scuttled despite a last-minute
year. Other sections relate to
Emerson Elliott to be commissioner of
agreement by the AFL-CIO to
education statistics at the Education
energy conservation and pro-
Dept.: William Dean Hansen to be chief
limit its ability to strike in ex-
duction provisions of the House-
financial officer at the department:
change for some job protection
passed energy bill.
Bruno Victor Mann to be assistant sec.
of education; Shirley Gray Adamovich
for strikers.
Ways and Means Committee
to National Commission on Libraries &
The measure, which was ap-
Chairman Dan Rostenkowski
Information Science; F. Albert Cotton,
proved by the House last July,
(D-III.) favors extending some of
Charles Hess & James Powell to
National Science Foundation. 430
was pulled from the Senate
the expiring provisions, partic-
DOB:
docket after senators were
ularly a tax credit for those in-
Rules & Administration-9:30 a.m.
blocked for a second time in less
vesting in low-income housing.
Mark up pending legislation. 301 ROB.
than a week from mustering the
However, he has not said
HOUSE
60 votes necessary to impose
whether he will introduce a bill
Meets at 10 a.m.
Committees:
cloture and head off a threat-
comparable to Bentsen's.
Agriculture-9:30 a.m. Hearing on
ened Republican filibuster
Other expiring tax breaks
environment improvement projects
against the bill.
that would be extended under
under the Enterprise for the Americas
the bill are those for businesses
Initiative. 1300 Longworth House
The vote was 57 to 42 in fa-
Office Bldg.
vor of cloture. The only votes
that hire the disadvantaged and
Appropriations-10 a.m./1:30 p.m.
that sponsors of the legislation
offer legal or educational assist-
District of Columbia subc. FY93
picked up on the second try
ance; employer-provided group
approps. for human support services &
public works & public safety & justice.
were those of Sens. Albert Gore
legal services; health insurance
H-301 Capitol.
Jr. (D-Tenn.) and Timothy E.
costs of the self-employed;
Armed Services-2 p.m. Military
personnel & compensation subc.
Wirth (D-Colo.), who were at-
mortgage revenue bonds; re-
Impact of the defense drawdown on
tending the Earth Summit in Rio
search, experimentation and
the Dept. of Defense dependents'
manufacture of drugs to treat
schools. 2212 Rayburn House Office
de Janeiro when cloture failed
Bldg.
on a 55 to 41 vote last Thurs-
rare diseases.
Education & Labor-10 a.m.
day.
Bentsen's bill contains a more
Employment opportunities subc. State
"I accept the fact that we've
limited approach to allowing
school-to-work transition. 2175 RHOB.
lost this round of the fight
businesses a uniform tax write-
Energy & Commerce-10 a.m.
Markup Cable Television Consumer
but the battle is not over yet,"
off for purchases of "intangible
Protection & Competition Act of '92;
said Sen. Howard M. Metzen-
assets" than was included in ve-
National Waste Reduction, Recycling &
Management Act; Child Safety
baum (D-Ohio), chief sponsor of
toed tax bill. By encouraging
Protection & Consumer Product Safety
settlement of court cases, the
Commission Improvement Act. 2123
the bill. "We will continue to
measure is expected to raise an
RHOB.
fight to change this law."
Foreign Affairs-1 p.m. Western
estimated $2.4 billion.
AFL-CIO Secretary-Treasur-
Hemisphere affairs subc. Peace &
The bill also includes a meas-
reconstruction in El Salvador, focusing
er Thomas R. Donahue said the
ure that would significantly
on compliance with the peace accords.
vote showed that a majority of
2172 RHOB.
the Senate, as well as the
change the way independent oil
Foreign Affairs-1 p.m. International
House, supported the legislation
and gas producers compute
operations subc. Mark up International
their alternative minimum tax,
Refugee Protection Act of '92. 2255
and charged that "defeat of [the
RHOB.
resulting in savings to those
measure] by a pro-business,
Foreign Affairs-2 p.m. Asian &
companies of $1.2 billion
Pacific affairs subc. Prisoners of war &
anti-union minority of the Sen-
through 1997.
service personnel missing in action.
ate can only sharpen labor-man-
2200 RHOB.
Proponents said the measure
Government Operations-10 a.m.
agement antagonism."
is essential to save the indepen-
Government information, justice &
dents, who are going out of busi-
agriculture subc. Declining Agriculture
Panel Passes Tax Breaks
Department charitable food donations.
ness in record numbers. A mo-
2203 RHOB.
The Senate Finance Commit-
tion by Sen. Bill Bradley (D-
Interior & Insular Affairs-9:45 a.m.
tee yesterday approved $8.3 bil-
N.J.) to strike the provision was
Mark up protection of the Bodie Bowl
area in California; resolve certain
lion in business tax incentives,
defeated 14to 6.
problems regarding subsurface estates;
including $1.2 billion in tax re-
-Helen Dewar and Eric Pianin
establish an Old-Growth Forest
Reserve; Indian Tribal Justice Act.
1324 LHOB.
Post Office & Civil Service-1 p.m.
Census & population subc. Establish a
national commission to commemorate
Thomas Jefferson's 250th birthday.
311 Cannon House Office Bldg.
Small Business-9 a.m. Business
franchise reform. 2359 RHOB.
Joint Economic-11 a.m. Investment,
jobs & prices subc. Future of the
hospital industry. 2237 RHOB.
Che Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
House Passes
'Motor-Voter'
'Motor-Voter'
Bill Passes
Measure
House Vote
White House Vows
MOTOR VOTER, From A8
To Veto Legislation
to falsify registrations. States would
be required to keep up-to-date, non-
By Helen Dewar
discriminatory voting; lists and
Washington Post Staff Writer
make reasonable efforts to remove
ineligible voters, although no voter
The House yesterday brushed
could be purged simply for failing to
aside a White House veto threat
vote.
and gave final congressional ap-
A White House statement yes-
proval to a Democratic-sponsored
terday said there was insufficient
bill aimed at expanding voter par-
justification for "imposing extensive
ticipation in elections by requiring
procedural requirements and sig-
states to allow people to register
nificant related costs on the states"
when they apply for driver's li-
and warned that such a law would
censes.
"increase substantially the risk of
The "motor-voter" bill was ap-
voter fraud." It also said the 1965
proved by a largely party-line vote
Voting Rights Act protects against
of 268 to 153, or 22 short of the
two-thirds vote needed to enact
legislation over a presidential veto.
The Senate fell six votes short of
Senate sponsors say
two-thirds last month when it ap-
25 states and the
proved identical legislation by a
vote of 61 to 38.
District have some
While the Bush administration
had opposed the legislation in the
form of motor-voter
Senate, it was not until yesterday-
Chours before the House vote-that
and mail
administration officials issued a
statement saying the president's
registration.
senior advisers would recommend a
veto if the bill was passed without
discriminatory registration proce-
major modification.
dures.
A Republican proposal incorpor-
At a news conference after the
ating those modifications, which
vote, House Government Opera-
would provide $25 million through
tions Committee Chairman John
1994 as an incentive to states to
Conyers Jr. (D-Mich.) urged Pres-
adopt voluntary changes in regis-
ident Bush to sign the bill despite
;tration laws, was defeated, 133 to
the veto threats and accused Re-
290, also along party lines. Dem-
publicans of flip-flopping after many
ocrats contended that states al-
of them supported an earlier motor-
ready can adopt such changes.
voter bill two years ago.
According to Senate sponsors of
Republicans said the legislation
the legislation, 25 states and the
has since been skewed in several
District have some form of motor-
ways, including providing for reg-
voter and mail registration.
istration at welfare offices, to en-
In addition to providing for reg-
sure registration of more Demo-
istration of voters when they apply
crats:
for driver's, hunting, marriage and
On the final vote, all but 18
other licenses unless the applicant
Democrats supported the bill,
declines, the bill would require
while all but 28 Republicans op-
states to allow registration by mail
posed it. Among Washington area
and by application at designated
members, Reps. Steny H. Hoyer
federal or state facilities, including
(D-Md.), Tom McMillen (D-Md.),
welfare, employment and disability
Constance A. Morella (R-Md.) and
benefit offices.
James P. Moran (D-Va.) voted for
The law would make it a crime to
the bill, while Reps. George F. Al-
coerce someone into registering or
len (R-Va.), Beverly B. Byron (D-
See MOTOR VOTER, A9, Col.1
Md.) and Frank R. Wolf (R-Va.)
voted against it.
The Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Children of the Tuned-In
Find Politics a Turnoff
Offspring of '60s Generation Bored by Process
By Richard Morin and Dan Balz
about voting. "It's not worth my
time."
Washington Post Staff Writers
Dollar, Berger and Ferrer are
SACRAMENTO, Calif.-Doug
part of a generation clearly on the
Dollar doesn't vote. The 23-year-
sidelines of electoral politics. In the
old cabinetmaker doubts he ever
20 years since the national voting
will. Ask him about politics and he
age was lowered to 18, there has
dismisses it. "I think it's a game," he
been a steady decline in young vot-
said.
ers' interest and participation in the
Christy Berger, 23, is too busy to
political process, and in 1990, just
vote. She admits that's "very
one in five bothered to vote in con-
wrong," but with a new husband, a
gressional elections.
new son, a full-time job and college
Unlike the ubiquitous baby boom-
classes, there's little time left for
ers, today's young adults have no
catchy name, few shared experi-
politics. Besides, voting is compli-
ences that bind them together and
cated and she doesn't want to make
little sense of self-identification.
a mistake.
Last night, they stepped briefly to
Gustavo Ferrer, 24, thought
center stage in the 1992 presiden-
about voting once. Just once. The
tial campaign when Arkansas Gov.
California ballot initiative he fa-
Bill Clinton answered questions for
vored actually passed-and nothing
90 minutes on MTV-a clear ac-
changed. "Forget it," Ferrer said
See YOUNG VOTERS, A16, Col. 1
Clinton, in MTV appearance, reaches out for youth vote.
Page A16
Christy Berger, left, says school taught "nothing about how I should look at pol-
PHOTOS BY RICH PEDRONCELLI FOR THE WASHINGT
tics"; Bennie Lee says he must decide to vote before picking'a candidate; Koleen
Clary says Bush "has power, but I don't really see him doing anything with
David Davis says it is "easier to accept the fact that nothing is going to cha
The Mushington Post
YOUNG VOTERS, From A1
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
knowledgement that those between
18 and 25 represent a generation
A handful of issues directly touch
up for grabs politically, if they can
the members of this generation: the
be engaged at all.
cost and quality of education; the
During the 1980s, those who did
global environment; abortion; and,
vote moved dramatically toward the
of course, the economy. And the
Republican Party; now there is ev-
young adults in the Sacramento
idence the pendulum has begun to
group echo the anxiety of a gener-
swing back to the Democrats. But
ation that sees a diminished future
what defines members of the age
for itself and the country. A recent
group even more is that in a year of
Washington Post-ABC News survey
political alienation, they are more
found that seven in 10 young adults
pessimistic about the future and
believed the country's best years
disengaged from politics than any
were behind it.
other group.
Part of the pessimism comes
"They're tuned out," said Ruy
from the lack of jobs awaiting new
Teixeira, a visiting fellow at the
college graduates. "I have some
Brookings Institution who is com-
friends who have graduated with
pleting a book called "The Disap-
wonderful degrees in computer sci-
pearing American Voter." "They
ence and law, and there are no jobs
aren't interested in government
out there," said Eleanor Alvarez,
and don't think government and
24, a state employee and part-time
politics have much to do with their
student. "They're graduating, they
lives."
put years in school, they got the
When a dozen men and women
education. Where are the jobs?"
aged 18 to 24 assembled by The
In California, once known för the
Washington Post gathered here in
the capital of the state that has tra-
finest public education system in
But there are clear signs now of a
ditionally defined youth culture,
the country, the members of the
shift toward the Democrats, accord-
that conclusion was borne out.
group have seen aid to education
ing to pollsters Edward Goeas III and
In two hours of discussion about
slashed radically in recent years and
Celinda Lake-he a Republican and
their generation and the political
have concluded that politicians talk
she a Democrat. Last week they re-
process, they spoke passionately
about education one way and act
ported that six months ago the Re-
about problems and the fear of fac-
another.
publicans held an 8-point edge when
ing a future of diminished opportu-
It is no wonder then that when
young adults were asked which party
nities. But when the subject turned
the group was asked for impres-
they were likely to pick a presiden-
to politics, the conversation fal-
sions of government or politics or
tial candidate from; today the Dem-
tered, their mood turned cynical.
Congress, their reactions were
ocrats hold an 11-point lead.
They hold politicians in contempt;
sharply negative. They associate
Among the Sacramento group,
have little or no connection to the
politicians with words such as
impressions of Bush were largely
political parties; are not excited by
"crooks," "corruption," "liars" and
negative. "He has power, but I don't
Clinton or President Bush; and un-
"brainwashers."
They
associate
really see him doing anything with
like many older Americans, they
Congress with
"confusion"
and
it," said Koleen Clary, 18, and a
are not swept up in the Ross Perot
"overpaid."
mother of a baby girl.
While the political ferment of the
Davis said he "lost a lot of re-
phenomenon. Given the uncertainties of the
1960s produced political activism
spect" for Bush over the verdict in
political process, both the voters
and then cynicism among baby
the Rodney G. King beating case in
and nonvoters in this group said it is
boomers, the social upheaval of the
Los Angeles. "When I heard [Bush]
often easier not to vote than invest
last two decades, combined with the
come on TV and say that justice
time in a system that too often
growing anti-government attitudes
was served, that really hit me
promises far more than it delivers.
of their parents and older adults,
hard," he said.
"I think it's SO much easier to
directed many twenty-somethings
Clinton drew more mixed com-
accept the fact that nothing is going
inward, away from politics, and in a
ments. He was seen by the group as
to change rather than to think, try
sense, each other.
both the most political of the three
to think optimistically that by voting
"I don't identify myself with part
candidates and the one best
something is going to change," said
of a generation," said Christy Berg-
equipped to attack the problems
David Davis, 22, a recent graduate
er. "The people in my age group are
that concern them. Only a few had
of Morehouse College and a voter.
so diverse, there are so many dif-
seen his appearance on the "Arsenio
For Sheri Bounds, politics has
ferent categories in which you can
Hall Show" and were not impressed.
nothing to do with her life. Bounds
place yourself. I really don't feel
One person called Clinton "more
described herself, somewhat apol-
that sense of belonging to a gener-
down to earth" than Bush, while
ogetically,
as
"self-centered"-
ation."
another accused him of "double-
"I've been thinking about me, my
"This generation went through
talk."
schooling, my friends, my work."
the latch-key syndrome, we went
The reactions to Perot were
Karle Bjerke, 20, a student at the
through parents divorcing constant-
strikingly-ambivalent, a sign that
University of California at Davis,
ly, and now single women raising
the Texas businessman has plenty
argued that perhaps it is good that
the home," said Alvarez. "We went
of convincing to do among these
many young people do not vote.
through a lot. That's why our con-
younger potential voters.
"This is a time of change, you are
cerns are more social than political-
"All I've heard is that he's a bil-
finding a career, you are doing a lot
ly oriented."
lionaire," Ferrer said. "I don't know
of other things," he said. "I think
Yet they do share common his-
anything."
once you get older, yes, it's your
tory and experiences, and they are
Like many in the group, Bennie
duty to vote, but once you get 18,
the first generation to bear the
Lee said he was not certain what he
we're not all ready to vote."
clear imprint of the Reagan years.
would do come November. "I'm un-
Members of the group said they
Most members of this generation
decided," the 19-year-old supermar-
get almost all their political infor-
were not even teenagers when Ron-
ket checker said. "It's a good dis-
mation from television and complain
ald Reagan was elected. But during
cussion for me to see what every-
it is hard to find. Some said schools
the 1980s, the young people who
one's views are." But Lee acknowl-
do little to encourage them to par-
came of voting age were attracted
edged that before he decides who to
ticipate actively in politics. "I had a
government class," said Berger. "I
in increasing numbers to the Re-
support for president, he first must
publicans. In 1978, just 24 percent
decide whether to vote.
learned a little about the political
of young people identified them-
"There's other things on my
system but nothing about how I
selves as Republicans; 10 years lat-
mind," he said. "Right now, that's
should look at politics or that I could
er it was 44 percent.
not my main concern."
make a difference if I voted."
The Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
GENERATION ON THE SIDELINES
GROWING DISINTEREST
PARTY IDENTIFICATION
Interest in politics and public affairs is declining
in the 1970s, more than half of all young adults
among all age groups, but it is particularly steep among
identified with the Democratic Party. But in the
young adults. In less than 20 years, the percentage of
following decade, increasing numbers of young adults
all 18- to 24-year-olds who said they only occasionally
joined the Republican Party. And recent data suggest
followed politics and civic affairs has nearly doubled,
that increasing numbers of younger voters are
with six out of 10 young adults now saying they pay
identifying with neither party.
scant attention to what's going on in government.
Q
Some people seem to follow what's going on in
=government and public affairs most of the time,
60%
41%
whether there's an election going on or not. Others
50
aren't that interested. Would you say you follow
40
DEMOCRAT
what's going on In government and public affairs most
of the time, some of the time, only now and then or
30
REPUBLICAN
39%
hardly at all? (Shown: Percentage who said "only now
20
and then" or "hardly at all.")
10
INDEPENDENT
19%
0
1972
'74
'76
'78
'80
'82
'84
'86
'88
'90
70%
SOURCE: National Election Studies, University of Michigan
60
50
61%
THE PESSIMISM OF YOUTH
AGE 18.24
40
A majority of Americans believes the nation's best
years are behind us, but young adults are the most
30
39%
pessimistic about the future. Nearly seven in 10
ALL
respondents under the age of 30 in a recent
20
Washington Post-ABC News poll said the country's best
years were in the past.
10
1972
'74
'76
'78
'80
'82
'84
'86
'88
'90
I
When you think about the future of the United
SOURCE: National Election Studies, University of Michigan
States, do you feel confident and optimistic that
the country's best years are still ahead of us, or do you
Younger voters, too, are increasingly indifferent to
feel more concerned and worried that America's best
political campaigns. About half of all 18- to 24-year-
years might already be behind us?
olds say they have little interest in political campaigns.
BEST YEARS BEHIND US
Percentage who agree
Q
Would you say that you have been very much
AGE
winterested, somewhat interested or not much
Interested in following the political campaigns so far
18-30
69%
this year?
1982
1990
31-44
64%
Very interested
10%
7%
Somewhat interested
51
46
45-60
58%
Not much interested
39
47
61 and older
52%
SOURCE: National Election Studies, University of Michigan
DECLINING PARTICIPATION
Lack of interest in politics translates directly to non-participation. In the 1990 congressional elections, just one
out of five 18- to 24-year-olds went to the polls. And participation rates among young adults in presidential
elections is equally poor-just 36.2 percent of all younger voters cast ballots in 1988, compared with 49.6
percent in 1972, the first year 18-year-olds could vote in every state.
PRESIDENT
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
CONGRESS
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
% of 18-24
% of 18-24
who voted
49.6%
42.2%
39.9%
40.8%
36:2%
who voted
23.8%
23.5%
24.8%
21.9%
20.4%
% of all adults
% of all adults
who voted
63.0
59.2
59.2
59.9
57.4
who voted
44.7
45.9
48.5
46.0
45.0
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau
THE WASHINGTON POST
U.S. Oil Output at Lowest Level in 30 Years
May:
7.06
1992
lion barrels a day in 1970 and was
has fallen by more than half in the
since U.S.-led forces drove Iraqi
By Thomas W. Lippman
9.2 million barrels a day as recently
past 10 years, from a peak of
troops out of Kuwait.
1991
Washington Post Staff Writer
as 1986, according to Energy De-
754,000 jobs in February 1982 to
In futures market trading on the
Crude oil production in the United
partment and API figures. As output
356,700 at the end of April, accord-
New York Mercantile Exchange, the
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
States declined in May to its lowest
declines from the imajor domestic
ing to Labor Department figures.
closing price for a benchmark blend
level in more than 30 years, the
fields, including Alaska's Prudhoe
The "rig count," a standard measure
of crude oil yesterday was $22.30,
American Petroleum Institute will
Bay, the percentage of imports will
of the industry's health that meas-
down six cents from Monday.
increase as economic recovery adds
The Bush administration sought in
report today.
ures the number of working explora-
The output from U.S. wells aver-
to demand, industry analysts be-
tion rigs, is down to about 610 from
vain earlier this year to persuade
lieve.
Congress to permit oil exploration in
aged 7.06 million barrels a day,
an all-time of more than 4,000.
the North Slope of Alaska's Arctic
while imports averaged 7.9 million
The drop in domestic output
The worldwide industry, however,
barrels a day, putting the nation well
comes as no surprise to the belea-
National Wildlife Refuge, perhaps
guered industry. With most domes-
has virtually shrugged off the U.S.
the biggest remaining potential field
PRODUCING LESS
AVERAGE DAILY PRODUCTION OF U.S. CRUDE OIL IN
MILLIONS OF BARRELS, BY QUARTER
1990
1989
beyond the 50 percent mark in its
tic fields already well explored and
decline and a similar drop in output
in the United States.
growing dependence on foreign oil.
promising areas offshore and in
in the former Soviet Union, once the
Yesterday, however, the Senate
The domestic production figure
Alaska placed off limits because of
world's biggest producer. The price
Finance Committee agreed to pro-
was the lowest since 1961, and re-
environmental concerns, the U.S. in-
of a barrel of oil, which has jumped
vide domestic producers with $1.1
flected a steady downward trend
dustry has been shrinking for some
to more than $40 a barrel in the past
billion in relief from the alternative
that oil industry officials say is irre-
time.
when traders feared a shortage, has
minimum tax over the next five
1988
versible under existing laws.
Employment in U.S. oil and explo-
remained in a band from about $18
years, in an attempt to stimulate do-
SOURCES: American Petroleum Institute; U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. production peaked at 9.6 mil-
ration and production, for example,
to about $22 for most of the year
mestic drilling.
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
The Wushington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
WHICH 4-OZ. CAN OF BEAN SOUP WOULD YOU EAT?
PERCENT OF DAILY VALUE (DV)
AMOUNT
DAILY VALUE (DV) 1
Fat (3g)
4
Fat
LOW 3 g
75 9 or less
Saturated fat (2g)
8
Saturated fat
MEDIUM 2 Я
25 0 or less
Cholesterol (5mg)
2
Cholesterol
LOW 5 mg
300 mg or less
Sodium (910mg)
38
Sodium
HIGH 910 mg
2,400 mg or less
Carbohydrates (27g)
8
Carbohydrates
MEDIUM 27 0
325 g or more
Fiber (5g)
20
Rber
HIGH 5g
25 g
Protein (9g)
20
Protein
HIGH 9 9
PERCENT OF DAILY VALUE
Vitamin A
$
Vitamin C
2
Vitamin A
LOW $
Calcium
4
Vitamin C
LOW 2
Iron
15
Calcium
MEDIUM 4
tron
MEDIUM 15
t As part of a 2.350 calorie diet
1 As part of a 2,350 calorie diet
$ Contains less than 2 percent of the DV of this nutrient
$ Contains less than 2 percent of the DV of this nutrient
t doesn't matter. The contents in each can are the same but one label teaches consumers more about the nutritional
content of bean soup than the other. According to a soon-to-be-released Food and Drug Administration study, the FDA
tested consumer preferences and ability to answer nutrition questions when presented with seven label formats.
Participants were asked to identify differences between similar products, plan a daily diet, rate the healthfulness of a
product and estimate the number of servings needed to satisfy daily requirements.
The FDA found that people answered more nutrition questions correctly when presented with the label at left. But
when asked, "Which would be most helpful to you for selecting nutritious foods and planning meals?" they liked it the
least.
Respondents preferred the label format at right as one of the two best, but were not able to answer as many of the
nutrition questions correctly.
-Carole Sugarman
SOURCE: Food and Drug Administration
BY JOHN ANDERSON-THE WASHINGTON POST
The Politics of a Quarter-Million Labels
Delay Sought in Stamping Nutrition Statements on Packaged Food
By Carole Sugarman
original deadline. They also are cit-
nine-month extension. The agency
Washington Post Staff Writer
ing FDA calculations that a 12-
and the deparment struck a deal at
month extension would save the
nine months, and on May 15 HHS
When new nutrition labels finally
industry $900 million.
staff workers began to spread the
appear on food packages, most peo-
In March, the Agriculture De-
word on Capitol Hill.
ple will probably never taste the
partment announced that it would
When the White House got wind
politics in their Cocoa Puffs.
delay until May 1994 the deadline
of the date, it shut down the pro-
A full plate of Bush administra-
for mandatory nutrition labeling for
cess to review the decision. Accord-
tion officials, including those from
meat and poultry products. The
ing to an administration official, the
the Office of Management and Bud-
measure was part of the Bush ad-
White House favors a 12-month
get; Vice President Quayle's Coun-
ministration's 90-day regulatory
extension, but considers nine
cil on Competitiveness, and Clayton
relief initiative announced Jan. 28
months acceptable. The official said
Yeutter, President Bush's domestic
to reduce the costs of regulations.
the Competitiveness Council is
policy adviser, are all seeking to
At the time the announcement
studying the comparative cost sav-
steer the decision about how long
was made, White House counsel C.
ings to industry of nine versus 12
the food industry will have to com-
Boyden Gray said he believed it set
months. It is also holding up the
ply with the new labeling law.
a "pretty good precedent" for ex-
FDA's proposal on the nutrition
Not surprisingly, the involvement
tending the FDA's compliance
label format.
of the different parties has angered
deadline as well.
At last week's hearing, FDA dep-
Democrats on Capitol Hill, who are
Others disagree. "Given the
uty commissioner Michael Taylor
charging that the delay is a political
USDA decision and Boyden Gray's
said that the agency now is recom-
maneuver to garner food industry
remark, I have no doubt that Mr.
mending a nine-month extension.
support for the president in the No-
Gray, Dick Darman, Vice President
The legislation did provide for up
vember election.
Quayle and his Competitiveness
to a 12-month extension if compli-
The Nutrition Labeling and Ed-
Council are pressuring the decent
ance with the original deadline
ucation Act, which will require that
people who work at the FDA to de-
would impose an "undue economic
the labels of all packaged foods list
lay nutrition labeling as a campaign
hardship" on industry. But Metzen-
complete nutrition information, was
gift to the food industry," Sen. How-
baum said that the FDA did not sub-
signed into law in November 1990.
ard M. Metzenbaum (D-Ohio) said
stantiate industry contentions that
The law gives the Food and Drug
at a hearing last week.
the printing and lab analyses cannot
Administration until November
"It's not a gift to the food indus-
be completed by the deadline.
try," an administration official said.
1992 to issue final regulations and
In the meantime, Manly Molpus,
the industry six months-until May
"These costs are passed on to you
the president of the Grocery Man-
and me."
1993-to comply with the new la-
ufacturers of America, and William
According to industry and con-
beling requirements.
Smithburg, chief executive officer
gressional sources, Food and Drug
But food companies want a 12-
and chairman of the board of the
Commissioner David A. Kessler
month extension-until May
Quaker Oats Co., met with Quayle a
originally wanted to grant a six-
1994-because they contend that
week ago, not to talk about how to
month extension, while Department
get George Bush to eat more broc-
the printing industry cannot phys-
of Health and Human Services Sec-
coli, but to press the administration
ically change 257,000 labels by the
retary-Louis W. Sullivan favored a
to make a decision.
The Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES: A SAMPLING
WHITE HOUSE STAFF
Samuel K. Skinner,
Brent Scowcroft,
C. Boyden Gray,
White House chief of
Clayton Yeutter,
national security
White House
staff.
domestic policy
adviser.
Counsel.
adviser.
Gifts:
Gifts:
Holdings:
$3,200 Christmas
Salary and fees:
$135 gold-and-
Three trusts worth
$150,000 as
party at Morton's of
silver letter opener
more than $1 million
chairman of the
Chicago restaurant
from Queen
each.
in Georgetown.
Republican National
Elizabeth II of
Two rental houses
Committee.
$2,732 exercise
England.
in Maine; one in
machine from Life Fitness Inc. of Franklin
$50,000 consul-
$150 six lead crystal wine glasses,
North Carolina.
tant to the National Bank for
Park, III.
from Vaclav Havel of Czechoslovakia.
Undeveloped land in Warrenton, Va.,
Cooperatives.
$250 "Big Bertha" golf driver from Ely
$180 brown leather briefcase from
and commercial rental properties in
$18,966 in director fees
Callaway, Carlsbad, Calif.
President Turgut Ozal of Turkey.
Washington.
$150 Comiskey Park chair, from Jerry
from FMC Corp.
$16,700 in director fees
Reinsdorf, president of Chicago White Sox
baseball team.
from Caterpillar Inc.
$3,775 in director fees from
SOURCE: Financial disclosure statements
Oppenheimer Funds.
THE WASHINGTON POST
Skinner Pays for $6,000 in Gifts, Quits Club Board
By Charles R. Babcock
$2,732.02 to pay for an exercise machine he received a
gift, but was uncertain how to value the membership
Washington Post Staff Writer
year earlier from its maker, Life Fitness Inc. of Frank-
because charter members have no equity in the club or
White House Chief of Staff Samuel K. Skinner ac-
lin Park, III. He made the payments two days before he
rights to transfer the membership.
had to file his annual financial disclosure statement.
epted nearly $11,000 in gifts last year and recently
Skinner resigned as a member of the board of gov-
aid for two others worth almost $6,000 "to eliminate
Skinner accepted Morton's receptions as gifts in
ernors in March and changed his status to that of "play-
1989 and 1990, listing their value at $5,000. He re-
my questions that might arise based upon his new,
ing member," which means he pays dues, but doesn't
roader duties," according to a note on his financial dis-
ceived gifts from the fitness company, a former client,
have to pay the $50,000 fee. The "gift" was in effect
when he was a private lawyer, the aide said.
osure statement.
"returned" when he changed his status, the statement
Skinner recently resigned his position on the board of
The aide, who asked not to be identified, said part of
said.
overnors of the Robert Trent Jones Golf Club in
the reason for Skinner's actions was Washington's in-
The disclosure statements of other senior White
creased sensitivity to such issues.
lanassas-which he joined last year without having to
House officials were also released late Tuesday.
ay a $50,000 initiation fee or the $3,600 annual dues.
Skinner's predecessor, John H. Sununu, resigned last
Sununu's termination report showed that he received
December, in part, because of the controversy caused
e will now pay the dues, the statement added.
several gifts and reimbursements of travel expenses,
Skinner said in a brief interview yesterday that he
by press accounts of his mixing personal, political and
including some he made after inquiries about his use of
official travel on expensive military jets.
cided this year, after leaving his post as secretary of
government jets.
Skinner reported accepting reimbursements and gifts
insportation for White House chief of staff in Decem-
He also reported accepting $896 in airfare from
from 29 individuals and organizations worth more than
r. to accept no gifts and to resign from all his outside
Mary Kay Cosmetics in February for a trip to Dallas
sitions. "I just feel I have so much to do here that if I
$27,000 last year, much of it in travel and lodging on
"incident to employment discussions." Sununu's gifts
political trips. He also listed $1,988 worth of transpor-
the extra mile I avoid any possible questions. It's the
included $253 of Baltimore Orioles baseball tickets
tation, food and expenses for himself and his wife paid
art thing to do. The job is so broad I don't know
from owner Eli Jacobs and $210 worth of golf clubs
by Secretary of Treasury Nicholas F. Brady during a
ere a question can come from."
from professional golfer Ray Floyd.
trip to the Kentucky Derby, memberships in the
Skinner's lifestyle as a Cabinet member has been
National security adviser Brent Scowcroft reported
Georgetown and Capitol Hill clubs, the $3,600 in mem-
der scrutiny for several months. CBS's "60 Minutes"
receiving 15 gifts from foreign officials, ranging from
bership dues from the Robert Trent Jones Golf Club,
German wine and Czech wine glasses to two dozen red
borted May 1 on his extensive use of expensive gov-
and presents from friends such as golf equipment.
roses from the ambassador of Bahrain and his wife.
ment aircraft for travel while secretary of transpor-
The financial disclosure statement noted that Skinner
ion. The Washington Post reported May 14 that
Scowcroft also reported receiving $41,331 in mili-
was one of about 30 individuals invited to become char-
nner reimbursed the government $3,275 just before
tary retirement pay. His largest holding was an invest-
ter members of the Manassas golf club. Charter mem-
ment valued between $500,000 and $1 million he made
television report aired, after White House lawyers
bers were not required to pay the $50,000 initiation fee
1 him some of the travel could be viewed as more
in a mutual fund called Investment Co. of America early
established for regular members and didn't have to pay
sonal than official.
last year. He bought between $250,000 and $500,000
monthly dues for three years, the statement said.
of New Perspective Fund, and smaller amounts of two
An aide said yesterday that Skinner wrote one check
The Department of Transportation's general counsel
other funds the same day.
May 13 for $3,200 to Morton's of Chicago to pay for
approved Skinner's acceptance of the membership. The
Clayton Yeutter, the president's domestic policy ad-
hristmas reception, and another the same day for
aide said Skinner listed the $3,600 in waived dues as a
viser, reported earning $150,000 as chairman of the Re-
publican National Committee, $50,000 for consulting
with the National Bank for Cooperatives in Denver and
board of director fees in 1991 from FMC Corp., Cater-
pillar Inc. and Oppenheimer Funds. He reported no gifts.
White House counsel C. Boyden Gray listed no gifts.
He did report having three trust funds worth at least $1
million each, as well as several pieces of rental and in-
vestment property in Maine, Virginia and North Carolina.
Staff researcher Lucy Shackelford contributed to this
report.
The Washington Post
Senate to Reconsider Market Shelter for
By David Brown
Washington Post Staff Writer
In the world of "orphan" drugs, human growth hor-
'Orphan' Drugs
mone is the foundling that everyone wants to adopt.
A near miracle cure for about 15,000 children with a
disorder called hypopituitary dwarfism, sales of human
growth hormone (HGH) last year totaled $250 million,
placing it among the top 50 earners out of more than
10,000 drugs sold in the United States.
Soon, the drug also will be approved for use on
14,000 children whose growth is stunted by other dis-
eases, and some scientists theorize that HGH eventu-
ally may prove useful in the treatment of severe burns
and even as a "tonic" for the frail elderly.
Curiously, though, HGH is manufactured and sold
under the protection of the Orphan Drug Act, a law
designed to encourage development of drugs with "lim-
ited commercial value."
The case of HGH symbolizes the unexpected use-
and, some people believe, perversion-of the nine-
year-old statute, which is designed to help persons with
rare diseases by giving incentives to companies willing
to develop drugs for them. The major incentive is a sev-
en-year period of "market exclusivity"-essentially a
People with Gaucher disease accumulate a fat-like
monopoly-intended to make up for the inherently
substance because they lack the enzyme necessary to
small and unprofitable market for such medications.
recycle it. They become anemic; their livers and
Since its creation, however, the Orphan Drug Act has
spleens swell; their bones erode and often break.
become a vehicle for introducing the most expensive
Alglucerase acts like the missing enzyme, and in that
drugs in medical history.
sense it is a "magic bullet." However, it must be labo-
Today, the Senate Labor and Human Resources
riously purified from human placentas-10 tons of pla-
Committee is scheduled to vote on an amendment to
centas are required annually to treat one adult. A pa-
the law that would eliminate monopoly protection once
tient's first year of therapy generally costs more than
a company's orphan drug reached lifetime sales of $200
$200,000 for the drug alone, with costs of up to
million. Thereafter, the maker of the drug could con-
$60,000 a year thereafter.
tinue to sell it, but other companies would be permitted
Though it is unclear whether other companies want
to enter the market, presumably driving down prices.
to enter the alglucerase market, the drug's maker,
"We want to say, 'You are-an orphan drug until
Genzyme Corp., of Cambridge, Mass., sells $38 million
you get a certain profitability, and then you graduate',"
worth each year, to an essentially captive market of
Abbey Meyers, executive director of the National Or-
453 patients. Sales in one year nearly recoup Gen-
ganization for Rare Disorders, told a Senate hearing in
zyme's total research and development costs for alglu-
January.
cerase, estimated to be nearly $50 million.
The proposed change is designed to cull out only a
"I ask you: Why is it that insurance companies are
handful of drugs. Among them are HGH; erythropoi-
free to place caps on health policies, but drug compa-
etin, a drug for anemia that has annual sales of $400
nies are given a field day for seven years?" Jacobson
million, mostly to kidney dialysis patients whose bills
asked the Senate panel. "Profit is, and should be, due
are paid by the federal government; and aerosol pen-
them. But you have given them a monopoly with no
tamidine, a 45-year-old antibiotic used by many AIDS
accountability."
patients, which sells for four times as much here as in
A few minutes later, a man speaking for a different
Europe.
group of patients, those with cystic fibrosis, offered a
different point of view on drug companies.
Amendment Provokes Disagreement
"I think they are saints and saviors," said Robert K.
Dresing, president of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation,
Though it would affect relatively few companies and
whose 25-year-old son has the disease.
drugs, the proposed amendment has split the biotech-
The Orphan Drug Act was passed largely through
nology industry, raised the specter of drug price con-
the efforts of a coalition of parents who feared that the
trols in mainstream pharmaceutical houses, plunged
American pharmaceutical industry's vast power to cre-
government and business into a wrangle over patent
ate wonder drugs would never be brought to bear
law, and thrown the emotionally vulnerable community
against the diseases of their children. Those ailments
of parents of children with rare diseases into acrimo-
ranged from well-known but infrequent disorders such
nious disagreement.
as cystic fibrosis to seldom-seen cancers and obscure
"There are things worse than death, senator-the
enzyme-deficiency conditions. The act was designed to
degradation of human dignity and the robbing of hope,"
provide just enough incentive to bring these ailments
said Herb Jacobsen, of Denver, as he chokingly told the
into the mainstream of medical therapy.
Senate hearing that his daughter requires $300,000
It hoped to do this by providing the seven-year mo-
worth of a drug called alglucerase to treat a disorder
nopoly, as well as certain tax credits for research and
called Gaucher disease. "These patients have been
testing. An orphan disease was defined as one afflicting
transformed into victims."
no more than 200,000 people in the United States-an
The Washington
Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Today, Genentech splits the HGH market profitably
with Eli Lilly (which sells a slightly different form of
growth hormone). The other two firms, Serono Labora-
tories and Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals, are prohibited
from selling their HGH. In the current debate, Genentech
defends growth hormone as a pedigreed orphan.
The biotechnology industry sorely wants patent law
to cover substances the body produces naturally, which
in many cases now are protected only by patents on the
laboratory processes used to make them. Until that
change comes, the Orphan Drug Act is a convenient
shelter, many in the industry argue.
This point of view, however, is far from universal.
"If there is insufficient intellectual property protec-
tion, let's fix that. Let's not bastardize the act," said
Thomas Wiggans, the head of CytoTherapeutics, of
Providence, R.I., and president of the Association of
Biotechnology Companies, a 300-member trade and
lobbying group. "The act was made solely to promote
unprofitable drug development, and to hide multimil-
lion-dollar drugs in it is crazy."
But a second trade organization, the 137-member In-
dustrial Biotechnology Association, opposes the amend-
ment, in part because "it is a backdoor way of imposing
government price controls. We would not like to see that
arbitrary cutoff chosen to include the 190,000 Amer-
get started with orphan drugs and spread to any place
icans with multiple sclerosis, in the hope that some day
else," said Richard D. Godown, president of the group.
they might benefit. There are some exceptions in which
Marketing Practices Defended
diseases occurring in greater numbers also may qualify.
The law was aimed primarily at drugs with expired
While acknowledging the high prices of their products,
patents and chemicals in the public domain that could
Genzyme and other sellers of blockbuster orphan drugs
never hope to win the 17 years of protection offered.
tout their programs for providing doses free to families
under conventional patent law. The seven-year term
without insurance or otherwise unable to afford them.
offered an incentive, although the act stipulated that
(Some insurance policies explicitly exclude coverage for
manufacturers must "reasonably expect to generate
growth hormone treatment because it is so expensive).
relatively small sales in comparison to the cost of des
Genentech says it provides HGH to 1,473 patients for
veloping the drug."
free and offers some kind of assistance to another 4,821.
The law's drafters in 1983 assumed that most or-
At the Senate hearings, however, several witnesses
phans would be old drugs suspected of being useful in
recounted stories of families being pushed to near pen-
treating rare disorders but untested by the rigorous
ury by the high cost of the drugs. Pam Hire, of Paola,
clinical trials necessary for FDA approval. In general,
Kan., told how she and her husband had sold their house
this has been the case. Almost none of the 62 orphan
and now hold a total of four jobs to raise money for the
drugs on the market were developed originally for their
co-payment portion of their bills for HGH, which their
"orphan" status.
14-year-old son requires.
"Trying to obtain the hormone has wreaked financial
A New Kind of 'Wonder' Drugs Emerged
havoc on our lives," she told the senators.
But within a few years a new kind of drug ap-
As an example of a prospective blockbuster orphan
peared-genetically engineered "natural" products that
drug, supporters of the amendment point to DNase, a
were difficult to patent but had the potential of being
naturally occurring enzyme under development by
wonder drugs. The orphan drug pipeline is now full of
Genentech that works by thinning the mucus that forms
enzymes, interferons, interleukins, colony stimulating
in chronically inflamed lungs.
factors and other products of the brave new world of
DNase's potential orphan market is the 30,000 cystic
fibrosis patients in the United States, although the drug
biotechnology.
As the first to arrive, human growth hormone pro-
also may be used by some of the millions of people with
voked a complicated legal battle among four companies
chronic bronchitis, an illness similar to emphysema.
seeking to market it as a treatment for dwarfism. One
Clinical trials in both groups of patients are underway.
of the aspirants, Genentech of South San Francisco,
G. Kirk Raab, Genentech's president, said he gave
made an argument that is virtually identical to the one
the go-ahead for DNase based solely on its proposed
made now by supporters of the amendment:
usefulness in cystic fibrosis. The idea that it might be a
"Drugs that had already been developed and ap-
treatment for chronic bronchitis didn't come up until a
proved prior to the enactment of the Orphan Drug Act
year later, he said.
(particularly where, as here, more than one company
Would the company have developed DNase without
sought and obtained approval) are unquestionably not
the Orphan Drug Act?
the unprofitable drugs that Congress had in mind in
"I knew I wouldn't have patent protection," Raab
enacting this statute. To apply this statute to such
said, "but I also knew I had seven years [of] protection
drugs amounts to a cruel joke on the sufferers of orphan
through the Orphan Drug Act. I won't say I wouldn't
diseases and their families who worked so hard to win
have done it. I'd like to believe I would have done it
passage of this legislation," the company said in a law-
anyway. But with the Orphan Drug Act, it was an easy
decision for me."
suit.
SALES OF ORPHAN DRUGS
ESTIMATED R&D COSTS AND 1991 SALES BY COMPANY AND DRUG, IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS*
$450
ELI UNLY
GENENTECH
AMGEN
FUJISAWA
GENZYME
SOMERSET
400
350
Research and
development
300
1991 sales*
250
200
150
100
50
0
NebuPent
Ceredase
Eldepry1
Humotrope
Protropin
Epogen
Erythropoietin
Aerosol
Alglucerase
Selegiline
Human growth
Human growth
hormone
hormone
(EPO)
pentamidine
hydrochloride
*Estimated U.S. sales for 1991.
BY TOBEY-THE WASHINGTON POST
The Mushington Bost
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Landmarks
Tell Lore of
Watergate
Scandal Unfolded
At Many Addresses
By Karlyn Barker
and Vivien Lou Chen
Washington Post Staff Writers
When Gary Lawrence pulled
into Scenic Overlook No. 2 off the
George Washington Parkway the
BY FRANK WASHINGTON POST
other day, the Burke resident had
Scott Greenhill looks at the Watergate from Room 723 at Howard Johnson's.
no idea he was parked on a piece
of Watergate history. It was the
week in what was the listening
ton and its suburbs are awash in
spot where burglar James W.
post for the "bugged" conversa-
notorious and little-known land-
tions of Democrats across the
marks that tell the story of Wa-
McCord Jr. was promised exec-
utive clemency if he'd shut up and
street:
tergate.
help take the fall for the break-in.
From the offices where the
"We're aware that history was
But Scott Greenhill, an unre-
break-in occurred 20 years ago
made in this suite," said Barbara
pentant Watergate buff from San
today to the country clubs that
Lentz, whose company occupies
Francisco, knew all about Room
had supporting roles to the apart-
the portion of the Watergate com-
ment house where reporter Bob
plex where McCord and four other
723 at the Howard Johnson Motor
Lodge and called a dozen times.
Woodward moved a potted plant
mysterious intruders were discov-
to signal "Deep Throat," Washing-
See LANDMARKS, A22, Col. 1
before landing a reservation this
A WATERGATE TOUR
3
Burdette and River roads, Bethesda
A
though few tourists ever see them, landmarks of the
Burning Tree Club,
Watergate scandal are spread throughout the Washington
This is where G. Gordon Liddy, finance counsel
area. Here's a look at a few well-known and virtually unknown
of the Committee for the Re-Election of the
President, who had conceived the break-in, went
spots that played roles in the scandal that toppled a presidency.
on the afternoon of June 17, 1972, to find
Attorney General Richard Kleindeinst to pass
6
Judy Hoback's House,
4
Bob Woodward's old apartment,
along former attorney general and Nixon
9702 Montauk Ave., Bethesda
1718 P St NW
campaign manager John Mitchell's orders to
Hoback was the CRP bookkeeper who
Post reporter Woodward signaled his secret
release the five Watergate burglars before
source, known as "Deep Throat," using a
McCord's connection to the CRP became known.
exposed a small piece of the puzzle -
Kleindeinst met Liddy in a locker room. The
money disbursed to Liddy and
flower pot on the balcony of his efficiency
destruction of committee ledgers to
apartment. No one at the building, now a
attorney general refused the request.
the FBI and The Washington Post.
condominium, can remember which
She was portayed by Jane Alexander
apartment was Woodward's, and
- but not named - in "All the
Woodward says he can't recall either.
President's Men."
Apartment 519 was used during the
filming of "All the President's Men."
CONN
MARYLAND
AVE.
RIVER ROAD
190
D.C.
MARYLAND
VIRGINIA
2
Frank Wills's old rooming house,
1315 22nd St. NW
Wills was the security guard who first saw
the tape-covered door latches on the
Watergate stairwell and called police. In
1972, he was making $80 a week and
living in a one-room apartment on 22nd
Arlington
G.W. PKWY.
Street NW.
50
D.C.
VIRGINIA
1
Watergate complex,
2600 Virginia Are. NW
Site of the June 17, 1972, break-in at the
5
Scenic overlook
- the George Washington Memorial Parkway
Alexandria
offices of the Democratic National Committee.
This is where one of the burglars, James W.
Today, those offices have been subdivided and
McCord Jr.-who worked for the CRP-met three
are occupied by a law firm, a nuclear energy
Key Bridge Marriott parking lot,
times with friend John J. Caulfield, who passed
7
marketing firm and three doctors.
Rosslyn
along a promise that McCord would be granted
In April 1972, before the break-in,
Howard Johnson Motor Lodge,
executive clemency if he took the fall along with
White House aide Alexander
across from Watergate
the four other burglars.
Butterfield used this parking lot to
In room 723, Alfred C. Baldwin was the lookout
give $350,000 in cash ($50 and
and ran a listening post during the break-in.
$100 bills) from a Nixon campaign
Today, the hotel still gets many reservation
"reserve fund" to Leonard Lilly, who
requests for the "Watergate Room."
BY RICHARD FURNO-THE WASHINGTON POST
was to make deliveries when directed.
Obe
150st
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
from her home in Florida to Wash-
LANDMARKS. From A1
ington and used her former house
ered under a secretary's desk inside
as a backdrop for telling how a re-
the Democratic National Commit-
luctant Hoback finally agreed to
tee's sixth-floor headquarters.
talk to the persistent Bernstein. As
Curious individuals and entire tour
depicted in the "Woodstein" book.
groups still show up and want to take
"All the President's Men," and later
pictures of the secretary's cubicle
in a movie of the same name, she
where the burglars were found and
nervously answered his questions in
arrested. Lentz, treasurer and ad-
her living room while Bernstein
ministrative manager for Urenco
prolonged his stay by asking for
Inc., a nuclear energy marketing
more and more cups of coffee.
company, wants people to know that
"When you live an ordinary life,
the offices were remodeled years
it's exciting to have something like
ago and that the secretary's cubicle
that walk through
to be a little
is now an open work space.
part of history, even if it's a scan-
order the release of the burglars
She wants people to know some-
dalous history," Woody said. She
before McCord's connection to the
thing else too: You can't just drop
said she voted for Nixon, but then
reelection committee became
by for a look-see. "We do try to run
became "disgusted" with the lies he
known. Kleindienst refused.
a business here," she said.
told to cover up the break-in and
At the Webster House, 1718 P
For the people who work or re-
other illegal activities.
>St. NW, Interior Department em-
side at these landmark addresses,
"If he had come out and said what
ployee Renee Schwager and many
Watergate is living history. And
he had done, I think the public
other residents know that Wood-
some day, the buildings themselves
would have accepted that more,"
ward used to rent an efficiency
may receive official recognition-
Woody said.
there in the days before the build-
Few remember that Frank Wills,
ing went condo. Except nobody-
and a plaque or two.
"Normally that doesn't happen
the security guard who called police
not even Woodward-remembers
for 50 years," said Barry Mackin-
after finding tape on the stairwell
the exact apartment where he
tosh, a historian for the National
doors at the Watergate, lived at
would put his potted plant, the one
1315 22nd St. NW. It was a room-
with the red flag stuck in it, out on
Park Service. "We're still a little
early, but I suspect
ing house then, and Wills lived up-
the balcony whenever he needed to
the office
building and the Howard Johnson
stairs. Today it's a fashionable town
contact his famous source.
would get the obvious first consid-
house, rented by three friends who
"606 or 608 or 612, something
were children when the Watergate
like that," Woodward said recently.
eration."
Clifton E. McCann, whose law
scandal unfolded and who had no
"I always felt that 'Deep Throat'
idea of the house's link to Water-
may have lived in one of those build-
firm, Lane, Aitken & McCann, is in
another part of the old DNC head-
gate history.
ings," said Schwager, pointing to
"I remember my parents and
the Boston House and Brunswick
quarters, said there used to be a
grandparents just glued to the TV,"
House Apartments that can be seen
plaque near the sixth-floor stairwell
said Ed Ryan, 24, who was reared
from the back of Woodward's for-
commemorating the event. But it
in Philadelphia and works for a
mer building.
was stolen years ago.
Scandal Tours already includes
painting franchise here.
Ryan, who studied Watergate in
the Watergate complex and the
college. said he doesn't think what
Howard Johnson's motel on its bus
Nixon did was all that bad, especial-
Schwager always thought that
tour of notorious landmarks in the
ly compared with Ronald Reagan
Woodward lived in apartment 519
nation's capital, right along with the
and the Iran-contra scandal. Nixon
because, she said, that was the one
spot where stripper Fanne Foxe
"just tried to cover up a few things,"
used in filming the Watergate
jumped into the Tidal Basin and the
movie.
he said. "Look at Reagan. Every-
Capitol Hill town house where pres-
body liked him so much they over-
For the record, Bernstein lived
idential hopeful Gary Hart enter-
looked it."
on the top floor of the Biltmore
tained Donna Rice.
Perhaps the most obscure Wa-
apartments in Adams-Morgan.
Media attention surrounding the
tergate landmark is the parking lot
But for Greenhill, in town on
20th anniversary of the break-in has
business, nothing matches the his-
at the Key Bridge Marriott, where
put the spotlight on some lesser-
tory of Room 723 at the Howard
White House aide Alexander But-
Johnson's, where Alfred C. Baldwin
known Watergate landmarks. At
terfield innocently turned over
9702 Montauk Ave. in Bethesda, for
monitored the "bugged" phone of a
$350,000 in excess campaign cash
DNC official and watched the bur-
example, Cathy Woody was surprised
for safekeeping to one of his neigh-
when CBS producers asked her about
glars' arrests that night. Booking
bors. The cash, all in $50 and $100
using her tiny two-bedroom home to
the $72-to-$80-a-night room wasn't
bills, was later retrieved on orders
shoot a scene involving a previous
from the White House, and some of
easy, but Greenhill, 34, who
owner: Judy Hoback.
it was used to buy the silence of the
watched every day of the Water-
It was Hoback, bookkeeper for
burglars.
gate hearings for his high school
the Committee for the Re-Election
Butterfield later told Senate in-
government class, is glad he got it
of the President, who first told in-
vestigators about the White House
when he did.
vestigators-and later Washington
taping system. an explosive disclo-
"I wanted the room on the anni-
Post reporters Carl Bernstein and
sure that ultimately led to Nixon's
versary," he said gleefully.
Woodward-about the campaign
resignation.
money disbursed to G. Gordon
Better-known landmarks in Wa-
Staff writer Charles W. Hall
Liddy, the ex-FBI agent who
tergate lore: Room 214 at the Wa-
contributed to this report.
planned the botched burglary.
tergate Hotel, where police recov-
"I was kind of thrilled when CBS
ered address books linking the bur-
called," said Woody, an oceano-
glars to Liddy and E. Howard Hunt,
grapher for the National Oceanic
a former White House consultant
and Atmospheric Administration. "I
who helped plan the burglary.
said, 'Ooh, I have a star for a
Also, the Burning Tree Club in
house.'
Bethesda, where Liddy rushed to
Woody said she met Hoback
find Attorney General Richard
when CBS flew the bookkeeper
Kleindienst and tried to get him to
The Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
WATERGATE: 20 YEARS LATER
wenty years after the burglary at the Watergate Hotel, a growing
T
number of Americans believe that a Watergate-style scandal could
easily occur again, according to a new Washington Post-ABC News
poll The survey found that most adults recalled the Watergate affair,
though a somewhat smaller majority of those younger than 25 had heard
of it Most still believe former president Richard Nixon was guilty of
wrongdoing, though a growing majority also say what Nixon did in
Watergate was no morse than what other presidents have done. Despite
Quayle Family Values
post-Watergate political reforms, fre Americans believe government is
more honest new then if was two decades ago. That cynicism toward poli-
tics remains one of Watergate's most enduring legacies, finding new voice
Include Summer Jobs
this year in the outsider presidential campaign of Ross Perot and the grow-
ing call for an end to politics-as-usual.
Sons Find Work on Capitol Hill
which Q- occurred when Richard Nixon was president in the early 1970s?
Have you ever read or heard anything about the Watergate affair,
Vice President Quayle's two sons have been
Yes 90%
No 10%
spending some of their summers in a place their
father has been condemning as yet another
bloated federal bureaucracy: Capitol Hill.
Roll Call reported yesterday that Tucker
The following questions were asked only of those
Quayle, 17, worked as a summer mail carrier in
who had read or heard about Watergate.
1990 and 1991 for the Senate Post Office, earn-
Q.
I want to ask a few questions about Richard Nixon and the
ing nearly $4,000. The vice president's younger
Watergate affair that started 20 years ago this June. First, do you think
son, Benjamin, 14, earned $842 during one
that Richard Nixon was guilty or innocent of wrongdoing in the
month as a Senate page last year and now is
Watergate affair?
completing another two-week tour as a page.
1992
1982
Quayle, who has served in the House and Sen-
Guilty
78%
75%
The Washington Dost GIRL
ate, frequently has criticized the size of congres-
Innocent
11
10
Don't know
11
Nixon Resigns
sional staffs. He declared Friday in a speech to the
15
Federalist Society that "reducing congressional
staff is about as likely as my taking a guest spot on
Q.
Which of these two statements do
Ford
-
Providency
Tesley
'Murphy Brown.' The vice president was refer-
you tend to agree with more: a) Other
ring to the television comedy series featuring
presidents engaged in the same kind of
Candice Bergen as an unwed mother whom
activities that forced Nixon out of office,
or b) What Nixon did in the Watergate
Quayle described as a poor role model.
affair and related matters was worse
David Beckwith, a Quayle spokesman, could not
than what other presidents have done.
be reached for comment yesterday. He was
quoted by Roll Call as saying that the Quayle boys
1992
1982
Other presidents
got their jobs through the office of Howard O.
did the samo
64%
50%
Greene Jr., secretary for the Senate minority.
What Nixon did
THE - TEARS
"They grew up in a Senate family and they knew
was worse
27
37
Don't know
3
all about these jobs," Beckwith told Roll Call.
9
The newspaper reported that Quayle is not
the only Republican who has been critical of the
How likely do you think it is that another Watergate-type scandal
congressional bureaucracy but whose children
could happen in U.S. politics: very likely, somewhat likely or not likely
had secured summer jobs on Capitol Hill. Amelia
at all?
1992
1982
Thomas, the daughter of Rep. William M.
Very likely
50%
36%
Thomas (R-Calif.), earned $3,598 as a tempo-
Somewhat likely
38
39
rary worker in the House Post Office in 1989
Not likely at
20
Don't know
1
5
and 1990, Roll Call reported.
DJ Berinstein, a spokeswoman for Thomas,
Q.
acknowledged yesterday Amelia Thomas had
How important a role does Watergate play in government and
worked on the Hill but defended the postal job.
public life today- very important, somewhat important, not important
"It was not a patronage position. She went down
at all?
1992
1979
and applied for it. Those are really hard, phys-
Very Important
29%
39%
ical jobs," Berinstein said.
Somewhat important
45
36
-Bill McAllister
Not Important
24
18
Don't know
2
7
Q-
Since the Watergate affair, do you think the level of honesty and
ethics in government has gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about
the same?
Don't know 1%
Gotten better 8%
Stayed same 54%
Gotten worse 37%
Figures based on telephone interviews with 1,005 randomly selected adults, 916 of whom
had heard or read of the Watergate affair. Margin of sampling error is plus or minus three
percentage points. Sampling error is, however, only one of many potential sources of error in
Vice President and Marilyn Quayle in 1991, with
this or any other public opinion poll. Interviewing was conducted June 3.7 by ICR Survey
sons, Benjamin and Tucker, and daughter, Corinne.
Research, Media, Pa.
THE WASHINGTON POST
E. Europeans
Say West Fails
In Aid Pledges
Economic, Political Woes
Linked to Lax Funding
By William Drozdiak
Washington Post Foreign Service
PARIS, June 16-Despite pledges of fi-
nancial support from the world's richest
industrial powers, the fledgling democracies
of Eastern Europe are facing new economic
and political turmoil in large part because
the Western aid effort has fallen far short of
its goals, according to politicians and econ-
omists in the region.
These analysts complain that aid from
Western donors has amounted to only a frac-
tion of what was originally promised, and of
the assistance already provided, most has
been in the form of highly restrictive credits
rather than desperately needed cash.
The actual transfer of financial resources
from the Group of 24 industrialized na-
tions-which three years ago made lofty
pledges of aid to support Eastern Europe's
transition from communism to capitalism-
so far remains very small. Citing 1990 fig-
ures, the New York-based Institute for
EastWest Studies said that Czechoslovakia
received only 4 percent of the aid it was
promised, Hungary 16 percent, and Poland
Eastern officials say that although West-
27 percent.
ern-style democratic systems are gaining
support in the region, the public has be-
come disillusioned with what many perceive
as the niggardliness of wealthy neighbors.
This discontent is seen as contributing to
the daunting tasks facing governments al-
ready burdened by economic depression
and ethnic tensions.
"How can we ever persuade people in the
West that making some sacrifices will serve
their own interests by helping democracy and
free-market economies in the East?" Poland's
former prime minister, Jan Krzysztof Bie-
lecki, said in an interview. "As differences
between East and West grow larger, they
will become more destabilizing."
Falling living standards in the East and a
growing economic gap between East and
West have raised fears of fresh political
crises in the region, as war rages in the
Balkans, Czechoslovakia threatens to split
See EUROPE, A33, Col. 4
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Senate leaders but became the un-
proposed constitutional amendment
Russia's President Faces an Uneasy U.S. Congress
written law for many rank-and-file
to balance the federal budget.
Democrats in both houses. "It be-
Bush and Secretary of State
came fact," said a senior aide to an-
James A. Baker III took steps Mon-
the former Soviet republics, are
other House Democratic leader. "If
day to make it clear that they are
crease in the U.S. commitment to
Yeltsin did not make his task any
there is no administration support
pushing for prompt action on the
By Helen Dewar
the International Monetary Fund
easier by acknowledging, as he ar-
insisting that Bush agree first on an
Washington Post Staff Writer
and other steps to aid republics of
rived here, that archives show some
extension of unemployment benefits
for domestic needs, there will not
Russian aid bill. Bush said in a CNN
and jobs programs as part of urban
be the votes for a Russian aid pack-
interview that he would "do what-
Instead of a big package of aid for
the former Soviet Union?
U.S. prisoners of war from Vietnam
were transferred to Soviet labor
aid legislation prompted by the re-
age. It's that simple," the aide said.
ever it takes" to persuade lawmak-
his country, Congress is giving Rus-
The answer can be found in a rule
Many Democrats are also insist-
ers to cast what he conceded will be
camps and may still be alive. This
cent Los Angeles riots.
sian President Boris Yeltsin a les-
made famous by former House
son in the mixed blessings of leg-
speaker Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill Jr.
prompted demands from some law-
"We call on you to join us in a com-
ing that Bush take the lead in push-
a "tough vote" on the issue. At a
ing for approval of the foreign aid,
news briefing, Baker urged the Sen-
islative democracy, American style.
(D-Mass.): All politics is local, even
makers, including Sen. John McCain
mitment to economic recovery in the
(R-Ariz.), a Vietnam War POW, that
United States" by supporting the un-
including rounding up support
ate to take action this week as a
When Yeltsin mounts the podium
global politics-especially when it
aid be held up until any American
employment and urban aid bills, said
among GOP lawmakers, so Dem-
signal of U.S. support for democrat-
in the House chamber today as the
deals with the politically touchy is-
House Democratic Whip David E.
ocrats do not become exposed this
ic and market reforms in Russia.
POWs are found and released.
first Russian leader to address a joint
sue of foreign aid.
Even though the $12 billion does
Bonior (D-Mich.) in a May 5 letter to
fall to charges that they were put-
Republican and Democratic sen-
meeting of Congress, he will be
Yeltsin's bid for help as Russia
not amount to a cash outlay and the
Bush that was signed by 103 House
ting the needs of Russians ahead of
ators have indicated a majority in
favor of the legislation, but Majority
greeted with applause, for himself
makes the difficult transition from a
president has authority to do much
Democrats. "Once we have approved
Americans.
and for the historic moment he rep-
state-controlled to market economy
of what is provided in the bill, chal-
these important bills-and put our
In addition, some senators are said
Leader George J. Mitchell (D-
came at an awkward time here, co-
to be wary of voting for the aid bill if
Maine) said yesterday that "some
resents.
lengers in this election year are not
own economy on the road to recov-
So why, Yeltsin might ask, are
inciding with election campaigns, a
likely to be bothered with details
ery-then we can consider your plan
it is going to sink without a trace in
questions about precise provisions"
lingering recession, severe budget
when trying to tar incumbents as
the House. The House is regarded as
have been raised and declined to
these friendly people balking at
to help the former Soviet republics,"
passing legislation sought by Pres-
constraints and mounting pressures
foreign aid sympathizers.
Bonior wrote.
more skittish than the Senate over
say when the bill will go to the
ident Bush more than two months
As a result, Democratic lawmak-
Bonior's position was not formal-
the idea of voting for foreign aid,
floor. Other Democrats said it
for spending to ease unemployment
ago to authorize a $12 billion in-
ers, many of whom support aid to
ly endorsed by other House and
especially so soon after rejecting a
would not be this week.
and urban tensions.
The Mushington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
East Europeans Say West Falls Short
On Pledges of Financial Assistance
mary donor for the East, has given
the economic risks involved in joining
EUROPE, From A27
notice that it cannot afford to pro-
a single continental market.
apart and Poland balks at undertak-
vide any further infusions because
"We know that early membership
ing more painful reforms.
its budget is strained to the limit.
in the Community would mean
The latest figures offer a basis for
Since 1989, according to the In-
bankruptcy for some of our indus-
such concerns: Most East European
stitute for EastWest Studies, West-
tries, but politically we believe it is
economies shrank 10 percent last
ern governments and institutions
absolutely necessary," said Zdenek
year, with inflation ranging from 40
such as the World Bank have pledged
Matejka, a senior Foreign Ministry
percent in Hungary to 400 percent in
$33.8 billion to Poland, Czechoslo-
official in Prague.
Bulgaria. Joblessness has soared, and
vakia and Hungary, but less than $4
Czechoslovakia faces a possible
the private sector's evolution has
billion has been provided in outright
breakup as a result of a split be-
been so shaky that Eastern Europe
grants.
tween Czechs and Slovaks in elec-
probably will take decades to catch
The bulk of Western aid is being
tions early this month. Czechs
up with the West, according to a re-
offered as credits or loans, which the
voted for the free-market reforms
cent study by the Paris-based Organ-
Eastern countries are reluctant to
of Vaclav Klaus while most Slovaks
ization for Economic Cooperation
utilize because they cannot afford to
chose the socialist nationalism ad-
and Development.
add to their enormous debt burdens,
vocated by Vladimir Meciar.
"Our politics are now filled with
according to Krzysztof Ners, the Pol-
"The big factories and the muni-
fear and uncertainty," said Czecho-
ish economist who conducted the
tions firms in our region are all fac-
slovakia's deputy foreign minister,
study.
ing extinction," said Slovakia's out-
Martin Palous. "People are looking
"The transition to market econ-
going prime minister, Jan Carno-
for strong leaders, so they are being
omies has been made all the more
gursky, whose Christian Democrat-
tempted to vote for the extremes."
painful because of the vast discrep-
ic Movement garnered less than 9
Palous, Bielecki and other poli-
ancy in money pledged and money
percent of the vote. "The market
ticians in the East say the West is
given," said Ners. He noted that
reforms have not worked with
being lulled into complacency by an
nearly 90 percent of the aid provided
these heavy industries, so people
absence of popular unrest and mass
under the Marshall Plan to rebuild
are turning to anything that will
migration, which once had been
Europe after World War II came in
save jobs."
feared as possible consequences of
the form of gifts, while the current
Political conflict looms elsewhere
communism's collapse.
Western aid program for the East
as well, Eastern politicians warn.
But just when the East may re-
offers little more than 10 percent in
Even Hungary, which has achieved
quire more generous support to
grants.
relative stability and prosperity and
prop up its fragile transition, the
Despite pacts concluded last year
has avoided being ensnared in eth-
West appears to be turning inward.
Within the European Community,
providing associate membership in
nic unrest, may find itself sucked
attention has focused on rescuing
the European Community as an in-
inexorably into regional conflict.
terim step toward full membership,
More than 600,000 Hungarians,
the Maastricht treaty on political
Eastern countries are still struggling
or 11 percent of the population,
and economic union.
for greater access to Western mar-
have lived for centuries in southern
The embattled treaty, already re-
jected by Danish voters and facing
kets-which all sides agree is their
Slovakia. Another 400,000 Hun-
growing opposition in other coun-
best hope for early economic suc-
garians live in Vojvodina, the north-
tries, is designed to endow the Com-
cess.
ern Serbian enclave that may be-
munity with a single currency and a
The associate membership
come the next casualty of Yugosla-
common foreign and security policy
agreements, said Polish economist
via's civil war.
before it tackles the challenge of en-
Andrejz Rudka, "are simply not
The possibility that ethnic war-
larging its membership to include
enough. We need to move faster
fare might spread elsewhere in
rich neutral nations such as Austria,
toward becoming full members in
Eastern Europe may appear re-
Sweden, Finland and Switzerland.
order to anchor ourselves in a zone
mote, but the political tensions
Only toward the end of the decade,
of stability, regardless of the costs.
caused by economic depression,
at the earliest, is the Community
It's in the interest of Poland as well
restive minorities and border dis-
expected to consider full member-
as the rest of Europe."
putes seem likely to grow.
ship for East European countries.
The dire situation facing Eastern
"Whether you like it or not," said
Moreover, Western Europe's
governments-and the threat that a
Milan Kucan, president of the year-
willingness to offer more substan-
worsening depression may ultimately
old independent government of the
tial aid to the East is being eroded
undermine their new democracies-
former Yugoslav republic of
by economic troubles at home. Ger-
has prompted political leaders to es-
Slovenia, "the future of Europe's
many, once considered the paymas-
calate their demands for early mem-
stability will be determined by what
ter of the Community and the pri-
bership in the Community despite
happens in the East."
Haitians Look for U.S. Hand in Whatever Befalls Their Nation
By Lee Hockstader
complicated U.S. efforts to encourage de-
liament as prime minister, Haitians of prac-
Throughout the world, it is common
The Marines who moved into Haiti in
mocracy in the hemisphere's second oldest
tically every political persuasion agreed
practice to ascribe dark motives to U.S.
1915 stayed until 1934, leaving behind im-
Washington Post Foreign Service
republic.
that he was Washington's pick. This was
foreign policy, but in Haiti the practice of-
proved public health and transportation sys-
PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti-When Pres-
"The U.S. could not have been a stranger
despite the fact that U.S. diplomats were
ten borders on the bizarre. For decades,
tems but also wounded national dignity and
ident Bush made a brief stopover in Miami
in the coup," said Gerard Bissainthe, the
making little secret of their dislike for Bazin
many Haitians have believed that the Unit-
an aftertaste of overt racism.
last fall, most Americans outside of south
Haitian government's information minister,
and State Department spokesmen were on
ed States was angling to establish a naval
The Marines' most obvious legacy was
Florida did not even notice. But to many
who spent many years in the United States
record opposing his selection.
base at Mole St. Nicolas, a port town on
the Haitian army, which during the occu-
Haitians the visit was fraught with secret
teaching French, Latin and Greek at the
Likewise, when Vice President Quayle
Haiti's northwestern tip. They said the U.S.
pation was called the Haitian Guard and was
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
meaning and hidden motives.
City University of New York. "Somehow it
traveled to Haiti before Aristide's over-
Navy was planning to shut down its base at
run by American officers. In a society with
The president's trip coincided with a
must have been involved."
throw last year to say the United States
Guantanamo Bay in Cuba to make the move
few functioning civil institutions, the army
bloody military coup in Haiti that ousted
In much of Latin America, Washington's
was opposed to any coups against the dem-
to Haiti.
rapidly became the pivotal power broker,
NEWS
president Jean-Bertrand Aris-
machinations are the subject of speculations
ocratically elected government, many Hai-
That widespread belief can be traced to
installing and toppling presidents regularly
ANALYSIS
tide, a popular leftist leader in
and accusations. The hand of the CIA, real
tians smiled knowingly. The United States,
the U.S. Marine occupation that began dur-
after the Marines departed. Since the army
power just seven months. That
or imagined, is seen everywhere. And the
they said, never meant what it said.
ing World War I, when American military
was a creation of the Marines, most Hai-
was enough for many Haitians both in Port-
long history of 20th-century U.S. interven-
After the coup, when the United States
strategists did worry about the Germans us-
tians assumed that it was doing the bidding
au-Prince and Miami: Without any evidence,
tion in the affairs of Caribbean countries is
slapped Haiti with 2 trade embargo, many
ing the port. But that the conviction has en-
of the United States.
they concluded that Bush had come to Mi-
cited as evidence of present-day intrigue.
Haitians professed bewilderment. "The
dured to this day underscores the depth of
ami to supervise the Haitian coup.
But when it comes to divining obscure
United States is acting for some obscure or
Haitian mistrust of the United States.
When the Duvalier family held Haiti in its
Even today, after months of a punitive
meanings in Washington's words and ac-
strange reason which 1 cannot understand."
The ill feelings toward the United States
grip for three decades, many Haitians saw
U.S. embargo and repeated statements by
tions, no country can match Haiti. "Because
said Bissainthe. "Fifty percent of the Amer-
were born in the 19th century, in the dec-
the sustaining influence of Washington in
Bush and other officials insisting on Aris-
of the burdens of the past, Haitians cannot
ican attitude is a mystery to me."
ades after Haiti won its independence in
the dictatorship's longevity, despite the re-
tide's return, many Haitians, including high
imagine the U.S. not being an all-powerful
Frustrated U.S. officials say they have
1804 from France in a bloody slave uprising
ality of on-again, off-again support.
officials, contend that the United States was
player," said an economist here.
had trouble convincing Haitians that Wash-
that defeated Napoleon's armies. The Unit-
More recently, few Haitians have forgot-
the invisible hand behind the coup.
Haitians from the slums to the national
ington means business. "It's absolutely mad-
ed States, fearing the example set by a
ten that in 1990, a military ruler under pop-
The perception of Washington as a grand
palace say that if the United States truly
dening," said one official. "You can talk and
black slave revolt for its own slaves in the
ular pressure to quit was persuaded to do 80
puppeteer, born of nearly two centuries of
wanted Aristide to return, he would have
scream yourself blue in the face making
South, refused to recognize the fledgling
in a predawn talk with U.S. Ambassador Al-
strained relations, two decades of Marine
done so long ago. Last week, when conser-
point 'X' and then the next day it comes
state-the first independent black republic
vin P. Adams. The ruler, Gen. Prosper
occupation and a gaping cultural divide, has
vative economist Marc Bazin, who is an
back to you that what you really meant was
in the world. That policy lasted six decades
Avril, was hustled to the airport and flew off
exasperated American diplomats and vastly
arch-rival of Aristide's, was ratified by Par-
'Y.''
until Abraham Lincoln's presidency.
in a U.S. military aircraft.
The Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
aircraft and supplies different countries can
By John M. Goshko and Trevor Rowe
Washington Post Staff Writers
contribute. They added that no decisions
have been made about how many planes and
The Bush administration has decided to
how much aid will be involved.
take part in a large-scale airlift of food and
The officials said the U.S. decision was in
humanitarian supplies to Sarajevo, the be-
line with statements by administration of-
leaguered capital of Bosnia-Hercegovina, if
ficials last week that the United States was
a cease-fire permits the reopening of the
prepared to join multilateral efforts to im-
city's airport, U.S. officials said yesterday.
plement a U.N. Security Council vote to try
However, the officials stressed, before
to reopen the airport and permit supplies to
the airlift can be mounted, there must be a
durable cease-fire among all feuding fac-
reach the city's starving residents, who
tions in strife-torn Bosnia, the airport must
have been under siege for weeks by Serb
be able to function in a manner that will
irregulars fighting against Bosnian indepen-
allow planes to take off and land safely, and
dence.
the United States must have a formal re-
Last Thursday, Ralph Johnson, a deputy
quest for help from the United Nations.
assistant secretary of state who has acted
According to the officials, the United
as a special envoy to the factions in Yugo-
States is discussing how to solve the logis-
slavia's civil war, told a Senate subcommit-
tical and operational problems of such an
tee, "While we have ruled out unilateral
airlift with its European allies in the North
U.S. military action, we are prepared to
Atlantic Treaty Organization. At this point,
cooperate with future multilateral efforts to
they said, the focus is on determining what
See AIRLIFT, A33, Col. 1
U.S. Agrees to Take Part in Sarajevo Airlift
AIRLIFT, From A27
wants to send to the Sarajevo
U.N. technicians accompanying the
area-to secure the airport. That
peace-keeping forces then would
keep the peace and preserve cease-
would include inducing the Serb
have to make the airport service-
fire Cagreements when they are
irregulars besieging Sarajevo's
able, and corridors for carrying sup-
reached."
largely Slavic Muslim population to
plies from the airport into the city
However, prior to yesterday,
reposition the antiaircraft guns and
would have to negotiated through
U.S.: officials were unwilling to
heavy artillery they have massed at
the lines controlled by the Serb ir-
specify what form U.S. efforts
the airport and on the surrounding
regulars. One Western diplomat
would take, and senior Pentagon
hills so the U.N. forces could guard
said these tasks are so delicate that
officials, in particular, were known
against their being used in a new
"any crazy with a hand grenade
to be very reluctant to get involved
outbreak of fighting.
could disrupt it."
in any activities that might lead to a
Sixty U.N. military observers
In a related development, Pres-
direct combat role for U.S. forces.
arrived in Sarajevo yesterday to
ident Sali Berisha of Albania, one of
U.S. officials and other diplomatic
bolster a contingent that arrived
Yugoslavia's neighbors, said here
sources said that if the tenuous
last week to begin these tasks, Post
that if Serbia attacks Albanian res-
cease-fire now in effect in Sarajevo
correspondent Blaine Harden re-
idents of Kosovo, an enclave in Ser-
holds and other conditions are met,
ported from the Bosnian capital. He
bia-one of two republics left in the
the airlift could begin next week,
said the U.N. observers hope that
now fractured Yugoslav federa-
today the Serb forces will begin
tion-NATO should intervene mil-
possibly as early as Monday. But
moving their antiaircraft guns four
itarily to protect the Albanians.
they cautioned that a number of
miles back from the airport perim-
In an interview with editors and
factors could upset this timetable.
eter and collect other artillery
reporters of The Washington Post,
First, they said, the cease-fire
pieces in areas where they can be
Berisha said he had stressed that
must remain firm before the U.N.
monitored. But there was some
view during a White House meeting
dispatches 850 Canadian peace-
shelling late last night in the city,
with President Bush on Monday. He
keepers-the main element of ap-
Harden reported.
said Bush had made no commitment
proximately 1,100 troops that it
If these problems are resolved,
but had "listened carefully."
U.S. Agrees Conditionally to Participate in Sarajevo Airlift
UN
UN
A 50-truck convoy of U.N. peace-keeping troops carrying aid leaves Relgrade for AGENCE Sarajevo.
The Mushington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
BY MARGARET THOMAS-THE WASHINGTON POST
Presidents Bush and Yeltsin applaud each other after announcing the most drastic arms reductions of the nuclear age.
All Multiple-Warhead ICBMs to Be Eliminated
have now proclaimed themselves:
U.S. officials. It- was there, they
By Don Oberdorfer
friends.
said, that Yeltsin proposed the two
and R. Jeffrey Smith
Bush also announced that he is
sides agree to inexact totals for
Washington Post Staff Writers
sending former U.S. ambassador
their nuclear arsenals, SO that by
President Bush and Russian
Malcolm Toon to Moscow to pursue
the year 2003, for example, they
President Boris Yeltsin agreed yes-
a statement by Yeltsin that some
would have a range of 3,000 to
terday to the most drastic arms
missing Americans from the Viet-
3,500 nuclear warheads rather than
cuts of the nuclear age, which will
nam War and other conflicts may
a more precise limit.
reduce U.S. and Russian long-range
have been taken to the Soviet
U.S. negotiators had made it
nuclear weapons over the next 11
Union.
clear they intended to retain 3,500
years to about one-third of current
Bush said the Russian leader had
warheads for deterrence against
levels and eliminate all the silo-
told him there may be information
foreign threats, while Russian ne-
based Russian missiles that had
in Soviet archives about some U.S.
gotiators wanted to cut more deep-
most concerned the United States.
servicemen missing from Vietnam.
ly. As a result of Yeltsin's sugges-
The reductions, negotiated over
But asked if any of the Americans
tion, the two nations agreed in ad-
several months, go well beyond
may still be alive, Bush said he had
vance to accept different limitations
those reached in nine years of bar-
been given "no evidence" of this.
on the same weapons, marking a
gaining over the Strategic Arms
[Details on Page A30.]
first in the decades-long history of
Reduction Treaty (START) signed
The arms accord was based on
arms control.
last year.
five months of negotiations by Sec-
retary of State James A. Baker III
"We are departing from the om-
Standing side-by-side in the
and Foreign Minister Andrei Kozy-
inous parity where each country
White House Rose Garden, the two
rev and their experts, but it was
was exerting every effort to stay in
presidents attributed their ability to
negotiate such an epochal new ac-
only yesterday morning at the
line," Yeltsin declared in announc-
cord so quickly to a fundamentally
White House that Yeltsin made an
ing the accord. With half its popu-
new relationship between the for-
important suggestion that was es-
lation living below the poverty line,
Bush, Yeltsin Agree on Massive Nuclear Cuts
mer Cold War adversaries, which
sential to the deal, according to
See SUMMIT, A30, Col. 1
U.S., Russia Agree to Reduce Nuclear Arsenals by Two-Thirds in Next Decade
launches once provided by giant
his State of the Union address Jan. 28
London last Saturday, officials said.
budge on its demand that the SS-18
SUMMIT, From A1
radars deployed in outlying former
ARMS CUTS
to cut the two arsenals to 4,700 war-
But it was only Monday night, in a
and the SS-24, a less capable 10-
Russia "cannot afford" the previous
republics.
STRATEGIC NUCLEAR WARHEADS
heads over seven years, and Yeltsin's
State Department meeting after the
warhead Russian missile, be wiped
policy and is now embarked on a
At a full-scale ceremonial wel-
proposal the following day for cuts to
Russian party arrived for the sum-
out. But after the accord was an-
drive for a "minimum security level"
come for Yeltsin yesterday morning
9,986
between 2,000 and 2,500 warheads
mit, that Baker and Kozyrev were
nounced yesterday, Dunbar Lock-
to deal with any possible eventual-
on the South Lawn of the White
Current
10,237
with no time period given.
able to agree on such technical ques-
wood of the Arms Control Associ-
ity, the Russian leader said.
House, the two leaders proclaimed
The compromise announced yes-
tions as rules for counting bomber-
ation called it "a major break-
Bush also announced that he and
this to be a pivotal moment for both
START
8,556
terday involves a pledge by both
based weapons and reductions in the
through, a dramatic step in the
Yeltsin had agreed to let their ex-
the United States and Russia,
Treaty
6,449
sides to make a steeper overall cut in
number of warheads carried by ex-
right direction."
perts try to work out a mutually
whose rivalry has held the world in
warheads, including those deployed
isting missiles.
New Agreement
"Nuclear theologians who have
acceptable "concept" for a global
thrall and in fear since the end of
on submarines, than Washington ini-
The mutual pledge to eliminate all
long imagined the unimaginable-
system capable of protecting
World War II.
Phase 1:
4,250
tially wanted. Russia, in turn, agreed
multiple-warhead intercontinental
3,800
that any country would see a mil-
against limited missile attack. The
With the accession of a democrat-
1999
to trim more warheads on land-based
ballistic missiles (ICBMs)-including
itary advantage in starting a global
United States has been pursuing
ically elected leader of a democratic
Phase 2:
3,500
U.S.
missiles than it had wanted.
the 10-warhead Russian SS-18 and
thermonuclear war-can finally
such a system since 1983 under the
Russia, declared Bush, "today
2000-03
3,000
Russia
The result is that the United
SS-24, the U.S. MX (Peacekeeper)
Pentagon's Strategic Defense Ini-
marks the beginning of a new era, a
and the current version of the U.S.
sleep soundly," said a Senate arms
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
States would by 1999 have 4,250
tiative, or "Star Wars," program,
new kind of summit, not a meeting
strategic warheads, while Russia
Minuteman III-effectively repairs
control expert.
The 10,237 total for current warheads in
but Moscow has repeatedly opposed
between two powers struggling for
Russia also includes other members of the
would have 3,800 warheads, ac-
what conservative experts have
Yeltsin had indicated at a public
U.S. plans to station anti-missile
global supremacy but between two
Commonwealth of Independent States.
cording to a senior U.S. official,
maintained was the central defect of
meeting with military leaders in
SOURCE: Arms Control Association
weapons in space.
partners striving to build a demo-
with each side being able to deter-
every U.S.-Soviet strategic arms
Moscow last week that he would
THE WASHINGTON POST
Yeltsin did not mention the anti-
cratic peace."
mine its own mix of weapons within
control deal of the past 20 years.
not accept U.S. demands that Rus-
missile accord in his appearance
He went on to compare Yeltsin
sion from the Cold War and who pro-
specified sublimits on land-based
Neither the 1972 SALT I Treaty,
sia eliminate its land-based multi-
with Bush, and a senior U.S. official
with Peter the Great, the most fa-
claimed at the Malta summit with
and sea-based weapons.
the 1979 SALT II Treaty nor the
ple-warhead missiles and accused
acknowledged that the Russians
mous of Russia's reformist czars,
Bush in December 1989 that the two
By 2003, under the accord, the
1991 START Treaty substantially
Bush of seeking "a more advanta-
had not agreed in the meetings to
and said the future of democracy in
nations were no longer enemies.
United States would have 3,500
limited the ability of each side to
geous position" in the talks. Asked
amend the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Mis-
Russia and the other new nations of
In the final decade of the commu-
warheads while Russia would have
use just one of these highly accu-
yesterday why Yeltsin had shifted
sile (ABM) Treaty, which sharply
the former Soviet Union is "the
3,000. By then, all silo-based mul-
rate missiles to destroy multiple
his stand 80 quickly, Russian
nist era in Moscow, the United
limits space weapon deployments.
most important foreign policy issue
tiple-warhead weapons, the heart of
targets on the other's territory af-
spokesman Vyachislav Kostikov
of our time."
States and Soviet Union painstak-
The official, speaking on condition
the existing Russian arsenal, would
ter being launched from a silo that
said: "The audience changed. Last
that he not be identified, said "we
Yeltsin, in turn, asserted that
ingly negotiated the first substantial
have to be eliminated. The United
is itself highly vulnerable to attack.
week, the president was speaking
clearly have in mind, and made very
"the time when our two nations
cuts in long-range nuclear arsenals.
States would have to reduce its sub-
To strategists who pondered the
with military people. Today, he was
clear to them" that the United
viewed each other with suspicion
As a result of nine years of bargain-
marine-based weapons to 1,750
possible steps of nuclear conflict,
speaking with politicians."
States still desires such changes.
and even animosity is behind us
ing, Bush and Gorbachev agreed
warheads, a cut of more than half
the missiles' twin features of effec-
Kostakov said Yeltsin told Bush
Bush said that as an interim step,
It is our goal today to bring Russia
last July in the still-unratified
from current levels.
tiveness and vulnerability made
that "as a gesture of goodwill to the
the experts would develop a plan
back to normalcy, restore it to the
START Treaty to reduce the two
U.S. officials said Baker and Ko-
them ideal weapons for early use in
United States, Russia is already
for sharing warning data on missile
values and the fundamentals which
nuclear arsenals from about 10,000
zyrev made little progress in nego-
a crisis. They said deployment of
taking off military duty" its SS-189.
launches. Since last December
have evolved in the course of hu-
warheads each to about 8,500 war-
tiations in Moscow and Brussels ear-
such arms gave each side a "hair
But he did not specify a timetable or
when the Soviet Union was dis-
man history."
heads for the United States and
lier this year, but began to move to-
trigger" or "first strike" posture.
make clear whether all such mis-
solved and broken into multiple
Neither leader mentioned Yelt-
6,500 warheads for the Soviet
ward compromise late last month in
In negotiating deeper cuts, the
siles would be affected.
states, military leaders in Moscow
sin's predecessor, Mikhail Gorba-
Union over the next seven years.
Lisbon. After a disappointing round
Bush administration received some
have been denied reliable warning
chev, whose negotiations with U.S.
Yesterday's accord for far deeper
of talks early last week in Washing-
criticism from liberal or moderate
Staff writers Michael Dobbs and Bill
of potentially threatening missile
presidents relieved much of the ten-
cuts arose from proposals by Bush in
ton, important progress was made in
U.S. arms experts for refusing to
McAllister contributed to this report.
The Washington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Baker Offers Reassurances
After Court Kidnap Ruling
Foreign Governments Condemn U.S. Abduction Decision
countries on drug investigations. But yes-
By Sharon LaFraniere
terday, after receving assurances from the
Washington Post Staff Writer
Bush administration, Mexico temporarily
Secretary of State James A. Baker III
agreed to continue cooperation in the war
yesterday offered reassurances that the
on drugs, Associated Press reported.
United States respects the sovereignty of
During a photo session yesterday, Baker
foreign governments, despite a Supreme
said he believes that despite Mexico's pro-
Court ruling Monday allowing U.S. kidnap-
tests it will continue its "excellent" cooper-
pings of criminal suspects in foreign coun-
ation in drug cases. Attorney General Wil-
tries, even those with whom it has an ex-
liam P. Barr referred reporters to an earlier
tradition treaty.
statement in which he said the United
Baker's promises that the United States
States would use its "snatch" authority "only
would carefully weight foreign policy con-
in the most compelling circumstances."
siderations before abducting anyone from
Robert S. Ross Jr., former head of the
foreign soil came as foreign governments
Justice Department's Office of International
around the world harshly denounced the
Affairs, said he expects such occasions will
court's ruling.
be very rare. "This sort of thing has got to
The Associated Press quoted a spokes-
be a tool of official law enforcement when
man for the Canadian government as say-
you have officially sanctioned terrorism or
ing: "Any attempt by a foreign official to ab-
drug trafficking," he said, but added: "It's
duct someone from Canadian territory is a
not in the foreign policy interest of the U.S.
criminal act." Juerg Kistler, the Swiss Jus-
to go willy-nilly around the world grabbing
tice Ministry spokesman, told the news ser-
people."
vice: "Imagine where it would lead if every
But numerous international law experts
country would do that. You would have an-
in the United States said the decision opens
the door to "snatch-and-grab" operations
archy."
The Supreme Court's decision came in
certain to infuriate foreign governments.
the case of Humberto Alvarez-Machain, a
Barry E. Carter, an international law pro-
Mexican doctor accused of participating in
fessor at Georgetown University, said:
the 1985 kidnapping and murder of a U.S.
"The principle that the court accepted in
this decision essentially lets the law of the
drug enforcement agent. After failing to
gain custody of the suspect through infor-
jungle apply. Is the Supreme Court saying
mal negotiations with Mexico, the U.S.
it's okay for the Iranians to come into the
U.S. and seize citizens off the streets?"
Drug Enforcement Agency paid interme-
Ruth G. Wedgwood, an associate profes-
diaries $20,000 to kidnap Alvarez-Machain
sor of international law at Yale University,
and transport him to Texas.
said: "It's hard to have your cake and eat it
In a 6 to 3 decision, the court upheld the
too. If you are going to ask people to coop-
legality of such kidnappings, despite the ob-
erate with you in enforcing criminal law,
jection of a foreign government, as long as
and at the same time stick your finger in
kidnappings are not specifically banned in
their eye by intruding on their territory,
an extradition treaty. U.S. officials have
that's not going to last.
said that none of the 103 extradition trea-
"The question the attorney general needs
ties, many of which were recently renego-
to answer is, 'What's he going to do to keep
tiated, appear to ban kidnapping.
this from getting out of hand?'
#
Within hours of the opinion's release,
Mexico announced that it was essentially
Staff writer John Wagner contributed to this
severing all cooperation between the two
report.
The Washington post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
North May Run for Senate
In Va., Goldman Says
Iran-Contra Figure Enlarges Political Role
By Donald P. Baker
"I have been involved in Amer-
Washington Post Staff Writer
ica's struggle against dictators and
the tyranny of one-party rule,"
RICHMOND, June 16-With
North wrote. "When I retired from
former Marine Lt. Col. Oliver L.
the Marines, I thought these
North taking an increasingly active
battles were behind me. I was
role in Virginia Republican politics,
wrong. Sadly, I. know of a place
Democratic state party chairman
[Virginia] where more than six mil-
Paul Goldman said today he be-
lion people live in virtual bondage to
lieves North is preparing to run for
tyrannical government."
statewide office.
Goldman accused North of using
OLIVER L NORTH
The most likely goal of a North
tactics similar to those in his days
says he has no plans to seek office
candidacy would be the U.S. Senate
as a White House aide, when he
seat now occupied by Democrat
"rose to prominence by circumvent-
Charles S. Robb, who is the target
ing the Constitution and by inten-
of a federal grand jury investiga-
tionally misleading the president
tion.
the Congress
and the peo-
A poll conducted June 6-8 by Ma-
ple of the United States."
son Dixon Political-Media Re-
As with his role in the Iran-
search, of Columbia, placed Robb's
Contra guns-for-hostages deal,
approval rating at 19 percent, an
North "continues his tradition of
all-time low for a Virginia politician
misleading the public about the
and the lowest among 32 senators
truth on important matters," Gold-
in 16 Southern and border states.
man said.
In matchups for the 1994 Senate
Goldman predicted that North
race, the poll showed Robb losing to
"will find that his misleading politics
Gov. L. Douglas Wilder in a Dem-
will not work in Virginia because he
ocratic primary, and in the general
will not fool the broad body of Vir-
election to Republicans North, for-
ginia voters."
mer U.S. senator Paul S. Trible and
North, in the fund-raising appeal,
two-time gubernatorial nominee J.
pointed out that his convictions
Marshall Coleman.
were overturned last year when he
North insists that he has no plans
was "finally exonerated in my five
to seek public office. But the latest
and one-half year struggle against
speculation about his political aspi-
Congress, the congressional special
rations was triggered by a "Dear
prosecutor and the liberal media
Friend of Freedom" letter North
elites."
PAUL GOLDMAN
sent to 25,000 Republicans, seek-
In the three-page letter, North
says North "misleading the public"
ing contributions for this fall's con-
repeated rhetoric he used at the
gressional races.
state Republican convention in
North, now a resident of Clarke
fication [Wilder vetoed that anti-
Salem last month, where he re-
County, compared the state's Dem-
abortion legislation] and then
ceived louder cheers than any party
ocrats-they hold all three state-
pushed the distribution of condoms
leader by denouncing the governor
wide offices, control both houses of
to Virginia's schoolchildren."
as "King Douglas, the Wilder."
the legislature and have six of the
A spokeswoman for Wilder, who
In the letter, he said: "It made my
state's 10 House seats and one of
is on a trade mission to Africa, said
blood boil when Governor Wilder
its two Senate seats-to Third
the governor has not taken a posi-
betrayed Virginia's families by
World dictators.
tion on distributing condoms in
refusing to support parental noti-
schools.
Electricity of Gorbachev's Visits Absent
U.S. Ho-Hum Attitude Complicates Yeltsin's Task of Proving Relevance
By Michael Dobbs
Dmitri Simes, a Russian expert with the Carnegie
Washington Post Staff Writer
Endowment, who has met both Yeltsin and Gorbachev
in recent months. "Gorbachev presided over the end
The president of the United States called the pres-
of the Soviet empire, the collapse of totalitarianism. It
ident of Russia "my friend." Mellifluous phrases like
was very easy to explain to Americans why all this
"the end of the nuclear nightmare" and "the bastions of
affected their lives.
communism exist no more" rolled across the South
"Yeltsin has a much more difficult task. He has to
Lawn of the White House. Children waved Russian and
persuade Americans that a country that no longer
American flags.
threatens them is still relevant to them," Simes said.
But something still seemed to be missing.
"The infatuation with Gorbachev had very little to
For a capital that virtually ground to a halt whenever
do with Gorbachev himself," added Melor Sturua, a
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was in
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
NEWS
former commentator for the Soviet government
ANALYSIS
town, Washington seemed strangely som-
newspaper Izvestia now on leave to teach at Harvard
nolent yesterday as it played host to the
University. "Americans invested a lot of their own
man who personifies the second Russian revolution:
hopes in him. He became a symbol of the new world
Boris Yeltsin.
order that they desperately wanted to achieve."
There was no mass outpouring of public affection
Yeltsin has moved much more vigorously than Gor-
for the visitor from Moscow, no shouts of "Yeltsin for
bachev in slashing Russia's offensive military poten-
World Leader," no lunch-time pandemonium as the
tial. An elected leader, he has gone much further than
Russian president jumped out of his motorcade. In
Gorbachev in embracing Western-style democratic
short, there was little of the political electricity that
values. Paradoxically, however, he seems to have a
characterized Gorbachev's visits here in 1987 and
more threatening public image than Gorbachev.
HEATHER
WASHINGTON
POST
1990.
"People here thought they could understand Gor- Russian President Yeltsin is accompanied by Defense Secretary Cheney as he places wreath at Tomb of the Unknowns.
Yeltsin may be infinitely more popular in Russia
bachev, he was more their type," said Yuri Olkhovsky,
than Gorbachev, enjoying a charismatic relationship
a Sovietologist at George Washington University, as
cessful than Gorbachev in using the U.S. news media
image in the West was reflected in his lack of a press
with his people that the last president of the Soviet
he waited to watch Yeltsin arrive for yesterday's wel-
to get his message across to the American people.
secretary for three months this year after the former
Union never achieved. But the relatively muted pop-
coming ceremony at the White House. "He is the kind
When the former Soviet president visited a foreign
spokesman walked out in disgust. A new press
ular response here to Yeltsin's first formal summit
of person you could invite to tea and have a civilized
capital, he was preceded by a small army of foreign
spokesman, Vyacheslav Kostikov, was finally ap-
meeting with President Bush suggests that he has
conversation with. Yeltsin is a rougher kind of fellow.
policy aides and Communist Party officials with an
pointed in time for the summit and is struggling to
been much less successful than his now retired rival in
He comes from Siberia. People fear him."
intimate knowledge of the country he was visiting. In
keep his head above water.
capturing the imagination of the American public.
"Gorbachev comes across as sincere, friendly, al-
the Yeltsin camp, one sometimes gets the impression
Asked in Moscow whether Yeltsin would be meet-
The ho-hum attitude to Russia's new leader is part-
most cuddly," said Sturua. "You felt he wouldn't bite
that confusion reigns.
ing Ross Perot during the summit, Kostikov re-
ly a reflection of the fact that his country is now
you. He was the antithesis to the traditional kind of
"Compare the Yeltsin operation with the Gorbachev
sponded with a blank look. "Who's he?" he said.
viewed by many Americans as a potential friend rath-
fearsome Russian leader. People abroad liked him
operation. Gorbachev spoke too long and often did
Told that Perot was now considered to be a leading
er than a mortal enemy. When Gorbachev arrived in
because he represented a defeated and humiliated
clumsy things. But he was surrounded by some very
contender in this year's presidential, election, he
Washington for the first time in December 1987. he
Soviet Union.
professional and effective people. When Gorbachev
asked, "Does that mean he is in opposition to Presi-
came as the leader of a superpower with thousands of
"Yeltsin, on the other hand, looks like a typical Rus-
came to a meeting, they had thought about all the
dent Bush?"
nuclear warheads aimed at American cities.
sian bear. He is a strong leader who represents the
main themes in advance. Where are Yeltsin's spin
It is difficult to imagine Gennady Gerasimov-the
"If you have been living with a nuclear gun pointed
new Russia, a Russia that could one day once again
doctors? With a few exceptions, he does not have
first of a long string of smooth-talking, English-speak-
at your head for decades, then the guy who removes
compete with the United States," Sturua added.
highly trained people," said Simes.
ing spokesmen for Gorbachev-making the same mis-
that gun is going to look like a hero to you." said
Until now, Yeltsin has also been noticeably less suc-
The lack of attention paid by Yeltsin to his public
take.
U.S. Baffled by Yeltsin's POW Disclosure; Bush Orders Follow-Up
By John Lancaster
FOREIGN RELATIONS
The confusion over the fate of the
Washington Post Staff Writer
MISSING
American POWs in Russia reflected
U.S. officials yesterday reacted
IN ACTION
the protracted and tortuous process
with bafflement and curiosity to
of declassifying hundreds of millions
U.S. GOVERNMENT ESTIMATES
Russian President Boris Yeltsin's
of formerly top-secret documents in
disclosure that U.S. servicemen
War
Number MIAs
archives belonging to the Soviet
captured in the Vietnam War may
Vietnam
2,266
Communist Party and KGB security
have been secretly held in the So-
Korea
8,000
police. While Yeltsin administration
viet Union.
World War II
78,000
officials have made a number of star-
The possibility that U.S. soldiers
SOURCE: News reports
tling allegations, including a claim
were taken to the Soviet Union-and
that the former Soviet regime had
may even still be alive-"does not
widespread contacts with terrorists,
square with what we thought we
Asia. "My concern is this could eas-
release of documents has been partial
knew," said retired Army Gen. John
ily mislead people," she said. "We all
and very selective.
W. Vessey Jr., special presidential
are waiting anxiously to hear clar-
Establishing what happened to ev-
envoy to Vietnam for POW/MIAs.
ification and determine what this in-
ery person who passed through the
"It's absolutely new information."
formation really pertains to."
system of Stalinist prison camps,
Yeltsin made the disclosure in an
Yeltsin first acknowledged the
known as the gulag, is virtually im-
possible, given the huge numbers in-
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
interview with NBC News Monday
possibility of a Soviet role in the
and apparently reiterated it yester-
POW-MIA mystery in an interview
volved and the lack of computer rec-
day in a meeting with President Bush
ords. Russian presidential spokesman
with NBC News on his flight here
at the White House. Yeltsin has yet
Vyacheslav Kostikov told reporters
Monday. But because the informa-
to offer any evidence for the claim,
yesterday that a start had been made
tion had not been included in his let-
and following Monday's news report,
ter last week to the Senate commit-
on identifying individual graves of
the senior Russian member of a joint
U.S. servicemen.
tee, many U.S. officials were in-
U.S.-Soviet commission on POW-
clined to dismiss his comments as
MIA issues expressed some surprise
the result of a misunderstood ques-
Perot Changes His Mind,
at the Russian president's remarks.
tion or translation problem.
Nevertheless, while administra-
BY RAY LUSTIG--THE WASHINGTON POST
POW/MIA panel Chairman John F. Kerry is flanked by Sens. Harry Reid, left, and Charles R. Grassley after hearing.
But Yeltsin apparently reiterated
Will Not Testify on MIAs
tion officials were skeptical, Bush
his statement on the Vietnam
Associated Press
yesterday promised to dispatch "im-
POWs during his meeting with Bush
mediately" to Moscow members of
chief spokesman, yesterday ac-
report reaching the U.S. govern-
vindication of their long-held belief
Ross Perot, citing fears of a "po-
at the White House yesterday.
the U.S.-Russian commission to fol-
knowledged that some aircraft were
ment several days ago through un-
that the U.S. government ignored
litical circus," changed his mind and
"President Yeltsin informed me for
low up Yeltsin's tip.
lost over Soviet territory during
disclosed channels that an Amer-
will not testify before a Senate com-
or suppressed evidence that Amer-
the first time that Russia may have
Yeltsin's comments to Bush fol-
that period in previously undis-
ican serviceman from the Korean
mittee later this month on the
ican prisoners may still be alive.
information about the fate of some
lowed a remarkable series of dis-
closed incidents. He said, however,
War may still be alive in Russia.
plight of missing U.S. serviceman
"This is what we've been fighting
of our servicemen from Vietnam,"
closures from the Russian presi-
that the U.S. government is still not
Williams said the report was being
from the Vietnam War.
for," said Dolores Apodaca-Alfond,
Bush said at a news conference.
dent, not just about possible Soviet
clear about which downings the
investigated but declined to name
"Under normal circumstances,
chairman of the National Alliance of
complicity in the disappearance of
Bush declined to offer any details
Russian president was referring to
the soldier or provide any details
Families and sister of an Air Force
my public appearance before your
of his conversation with Yeltsin on
U.S. servicemen in Vietnam, but
in his letter and does not have the
about his purported whereabouts.
committee restating this informa-
major who disappeared along with
throughout the Cold War. Last
names of any of those held.
the missing soldiers, saying only,
Administration officials have for
tion would be simply a formality,"
his F-4 fighter June 8, 1967. "Now
week, Yeltsin said in a letter to the
"We are asking now for more in-
"He has told me he will go the last
the most part discounted persistent
Perot wrote the committee yester-
we want to see the whites of their
Senate Select Committee on POW-
mile to find whatever it is that ex-
formation from the Russian side, so
rumors that U.S. soldiers may have
day. "In the current political climate
eyes. We want to see American
MIA Affairs that the Soviets had
that we can try to correlate what-
ists about our possible
Amer-
been held in Vietnam or the Soviet
it could become a rerun Judge
POWs on American soil."
kept 12 Americans shot down on
ican POWs and MIAs."
ever information they may have
Union for years after the end of the
Thomas-Anita Hill hearings."
A more cautious note was
spy missions over Soviet territory
Bush said he had asked the U.S.
with information that we have," Wil-
The Senate Select Committee on
war. But the issue has been kept
sounded by Ann Mills Griffiths, ex-
in the 1950s in prisons and psychi-
liams said.
co-chairman of the Russian-U.S. com-
POW-MIA Affairs met in closed ses-
alive by some POW-MIA advocates,
ecutive director of the National
atric hospitals.
Of particular interest to the Pen-
mission on POW-MIAs, Malcolm
sion after learning of Perot's decision
several of whom have already
League of Families of American
Pete Williams, the Pentagon's
tagon, Williams said, was another
Toon, to "return immediately to Mos-
seized on Yeltsin's disclosure as a
and decided not to subpoena the un-
Prisoners and Missing in Southeast
cow to work on this issue."
declared presidential candidate.
The Washington post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Sister Souljah Raps Clinton
apper Sister Souljah came back
at Bill Clinton with both barrels
yesterday, charging the
presidential candidate with hypocrisy.
"Bill Clinton lacks
integrity, and paints
himself as a staunch
patriot, a people's
servant, a
compassionate
liberal, a family man,
a pro-woman
candidate," the
singer said at an
intense 45-minute
press conference in
Bill Clinton:
New York. "He lacks
Found lacking.
integrity in all of
those areas."
The flap started during the weekend
when Clinton surprised a Rainbow Coalition
AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE
conference by criticizing the performer for
Sister Souljah: And another thing
speaking words of racial "hatred" and
repeated her comment to The Washington
agenda-less candidate," said Souljah,
Post that "if black people kill black people
suggesting the statements were made to
every day, why not have a week and kill
white people?"
keep Jesse Jackson at bay.
Since the Los Angeles riots, Souljah has
Clinton, responding in L.A., dismissed
appointed herself a spokesman for young
the notion that his remarks were racially
angry blacks and has managed to grab more
motivated: "I grew up in a segregated
than just a rap musician's share of the
society and I have devoted my public life to
national limelight. Yesterday, she was at full
trying to overcome feelings of prejudice.
throttle, warning: "Clinton made a critical
"My contention, however, is that it is
error when he attacked me. I am not
never right
to say that there are no
Murphy Brown. I am ready to defend
good people of another race, that blacks
myself."
should go kill whites
That is wrong."
She even compared herself to Willie
But Souljah held firm: "It is shocking to
Horton.
me that with the recession, the inner-city
"Sister Souljah was used as a vehicle, like
decay, that Bill Clinton would attack
an
Willie Horton and various other black
African American woman who is
victims of racism. A poor excuse for an
alcohol-free, drug-free and self-employed."
DOONESBURY
By G.B. Trudeau
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I
The
2.0%
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
House honchos are already wringing
"I lost both my brothers at Dunkirk,
Navy and his wife, whose shining
their hands over the possibility of
and I don't think it's funny.
If
celluloid moment comes when she
having to decide the presidential
they're inferring I'd have anything to
hosts quite the Washington soiree.
election in the event of a three-way
do with the Nazis, I'll sue."
The studio is donating $10,000 to
draw. Speaker Tom Foley has urged
Children's Hospital in return for the
Rep. Don Edwards, chairman of the
duo's time on the set, and is
subcommittee on civil and
considering premiering the flick here
constitutional rights, and Rep. Martin
as a benefit for the hospital.
Frost, who prepared a memo on this
Natalie Cole has filed for divorce
subject 10 years ago, to stay very
from her husband, music producer and
current on the constitutional issues
arranger Andre Fisher.
and rules involved.
Naina Yeltsin
Tongues just wag, wag, wag at
will make a rare
"PrimeTime Live" every time
aggressive Executive Producer Rick
speaking
Kaplan brags about his close
appearance in the
relationship with candidate Bill
West today when
she addresses
Clinton. And they haven't forgotten
that when push came to shove, Mr.
guests at a
Rick couldn't
fund-raiser for
produce Clinton
If doing lunch involves opening a can,
disabled Russian
for the show way
you're probably a Plugger.
orphans at the
back in the days
National Press
of Ms. Flowers.
Pulitzer-winning cartoonist Jeff
Club.
British pop
MacNelly, Pulitzer-winning photog
Entertainer
novelist Barbara
Ben Vereen's
Naina Yeltsin:
David Kennerly and former Time
Cartland is
condition was
Speaking up
Warner bigwig Nick Nicholas have
ticked off at first
teamed up to launch "Pluggers," a
upgraded from critical to serious
novelist Robert
cartoon feature, to debut in January.
yesterday, a week after he was hit by a
Harris, who she
Best we can tell, a "plugger" is
truck as he walked down a Malibu,
says defamed her
Calif., highway very early in the
in his hot
someone who just keeps pushing along
morning. A UCLA Medical Center
Barbara Cartland:
"Fatherland"
against life's forces.
spokesman said Vereen, who suffered
Why, I ought to
when he wrote
Onetime Navy Lt. Ben Bradlee and
severe internal and head injuries and a
that she penned a novel called "The
his wife, writer Sally Quinn, have been
fractured leg, is still unable to talk but is
Kaiser's Ball." "I never wrote anything
cast in Hollywood Pictures' "Born
communicative-mouthing words and
called that," she told the Independent.
Yesterday" as the secretary of the
gesturing to nurses.
Actress-Photographer Wounded in Sarajevo
A onetime highly regarded Broadway
Schneider,
actress turned freelance photographer
who grew up on
has reportedly been seriously wounded
a farm in
by gunfire while covering the civil war in
Wisconsin,
what was Yugoslavia. Jana Schneider,
who has appeared in "Othello," "The
studied drama,
education and
Robber Bridegroom" and "The Mystery
of Edwin Drood," was hit in the stomach
journalism. She
and leg by mortar fire while taking
also has sung
pictures in the Sarajevo suburb of
professionally,
Dobrinja, a sealed-off locale where
recording for
thousands are reported to be starving.
Elektra and
Jana Schneider:
Schneider apparently sneaked into the
Atlantic records.
War wounded.
area at great risk Monday night-an
She left the comforts of Broadway for
approach that has become her
danger, also covering wars in
trademark-despite the heavy shelling in
Afghanistan and Sri Lanka. There was no
Bosnia-Hercegovina.
word on her condition last night.
The Moshington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
TheT Column
By John Carmody
ing out the stations for four hours once again,
Washington Post Staff Writer
starting at noon. Still nothing definite on when
the repairs will end
OV. Bill Clinton will guest on tomor-
row night's "Larry King Live" (CNN
Have You Got Your Pearles On?
at 9). During the hour, CNN assures
us, "Clinton will answer calls from viewers
CBS's summer series "Grapevine" debuted
around the world"
Monday night with an 11.8 national Nielsen
It'll be via satellite from the governor's man-
rating and a 20 share
sion in Little Rock, Ark.
The network, always on the lookout for a new
The Democratic presidential nominee-to-be
surprise summertime hit, à la "Northern Expo-
appeared for two hours on "CBS This Morning"
sure," said that's better than "Exposure's" debut
Monday, during which the program averaged a
9.2/17 (on 7/12/90) and Top Cops" 8.8/17 (on
2.4 rating and a 12 percent audience share in the
7/18/90)
Nielsen big-city overnight ratings. That's not
Needless to say, CBS won the night but then it
much but CBS points out that it's 10 percent
always wins Monday night these days
better than the 2.2 "CBS This Morning" did the
NBC was second as a repeat of "Darkman"
previous Monday
averaged a 10.6/19; ABC was third as Part II of
In Washington, the 7 to 9 a.m. appearance of
"Scruples" did a 9.1/16
the Democratic leader attracted a 3.1/15 on CBS
In Washington, "Grapevine," which Captain
affiliate Channel 9
Airwaves rather liked once he caught on to it,
The CBS ratings weren't so hot, compared
did an 11.5/19 on WUSA
with the 5.9/24 overnight rating that undeclared
Also in Washington Monday, "Scruples" did an
independent candidate Ross Perot compiled for
11.3/19 on WJLA; "Darkman" did a 10.3/17 on
his two hours on the "Today" show last Thursday.
WRC; while the Orioles and Indians did a 3.5/6 on
But then the CBS morning audience has been
WDCA
undernourished for years compared with its NBC
Each local ratingzzz point is worth 18,199 TV
and ABC counterparts
homes
Each overnight point represents about
Public TV had a couple of Interesting entries.
431,000 TV homes in the Nielsen 25-market
Part I of the three-part "The Glory and the
survey so Gov. Clinton was seen in slightly more
Power: Fundamentalisms Observed" averaged a
than 1 million big-city homes; Perot in about 2.5
2.5/4 in Nielsen's 25 big-city markets. Denver
million
was the most interested, averaging a 4.3/8;
And it was sure a lot better than President
Charlotte, N.C., as usual, seemed barely awake,
Bush did on CNN's "International Hour" between
averaging a 1.0/2. WETA did a 2.6/4
3 and 3:30 Monday afternoon
"Color Adjustment," the "P.O.V." entry kicking
During his half-hour chat with Frank Sesno,
off a fifth season, dealt with the changing image
the program averaged a 0.56 rating and a 2
of African Americans on TV. It debuted in 14
share, representing some 336,000 cable homes
major markets in primetime Monday night, aver-
in the CNN universe
aging a 2.0/4. Portland, Ore,, was tops with a
Slim as the audience was, it was up from the
3.9/8; Charlotte did an 0.5/1. WETA audiences
usual 0.37 rating average for CNN weekday
produced only a 1.8/3
programming between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
A spokesman for PBS said yesterday the
Canadian John Roberts has been named to
network expects "good carriage" of the 90-min-
replace Charles Osgood as anchor, with Mere-
ute "Color Adjustment," as many stations saved it
dith Vieira, of "CBS Morning News"
for the weekend or were unable to air it in
No date has been set for Roberts's start,
primetime on Monday
although Osgood stepped down as anchor as of
last Friday (the latter, thank goodness, will con-
TV Ratingzzzz
tinue to do his twice-a-week commentaries on the
program)
Following are the top 20 network prime-
Roberts has been a correspondent with CTV
time shows last week, ranked according to the
Canada and anchor of "Canada AM," Canada's
percentage of the nation's 92.1 million TV
highest-rated morning program, since 1990. He
households that watched, as measured by the
worked in 1989 and 1990 at WCIX, the CBS-
A.C. Nielsen Co. A share represents the per-
owned station in Miami before rejoining CTV
centage of actual sets-in-use tuned to a par-
Correspondent John Stehr has been anchoring
ticular program when it aired.
with Vieira since Osgood's departure
Rating
There
Network
"Street Stories" anchor Ed Bradley, who in-
1
17.2
Reasonne
R
ASC
2
16.6
NBA Postgame (Sun)
28
MBC
terviews prison inmate Mike Tyson on tomorrow
3
16.0
NBA Finals (Weds.)
29
NBC
night's edition of the CBS News show (WUSA at
4
15.2
Shattered Dreams
27
ces
9), said yesterday that the former heavyweight
5
15.1
Coach
26
ABC
6
150
Home Improvement
20
ABC
champion's "mood changed often" during the
7
14.7
KBA Firsts (Sun)
29
NBC
late-May interview at a prison outside Indianapo-
#
139
NBA First (FA)
20
NBC
,
135
60 Minutes
29
C83
his
10
134
Cheers
24
NBC
"Sometimes he was very low-key and with-
11
125
Full House
26
ABC
drawn, other times almost ebullient-he almost
125
Wings
22
NBC
13
124
20/20
24
ABC
bubbled over," Bradley said. Often Tyson would
14
122
Jack's Place
22
ABC
give "direct responses" to questions; other times
15
12.1
Murphy Brown
21
CB3
16
120
Murder, She Wrote
22
CBS
"it was like a pool shot-it would hit three rails
17
118
PrimaTime Live
22
ABC
before it got to me"
11.8
Northarn Exposure
21
CBS
28
115
Unsolved Mysterian
23
NBC
Bradley said the rare interview was due to the
11.4
Designing Wamen
19
CBS
groundwork of correspondent Harold Dow (who
NBC, unfortunately, couldn't resist: Is an-
did the first network piece on a young Tyson
nouncing its primetime win last week the net-
some years ago for CBS) and producer John
work confessed to being "bullish on the NBA." As
Hamlin, who covered boxing for CBS Sports
well it might be, since four NBA programs
Bradley said talking Tyson into the interview
finished in the Top 10, and the six games of the
was not easy, but "once we got his okay, we sort
series-despite some gloomy forecasts because
of waltzed by the prison people. The superinten-
of the presence of small-market Portland-aver-
dent was very cooperative. He wanted to talk
aged a 14.2/27 overall, fifth among all previous
about it first, find out what we intended to do, and
NBA Final series
he gave permission over the phone"
For the week, NBC averaged a 10.8/21, com-
Tyson faces at least three years in prison on
pared with a 9.6/18 for CBS and an 8.8/17 for
his six-year sentence for rape, but Bradley said,
ABC. FOX, in 10 hours of primetime, averaged a
"He feels his appeal will be heard. My bet is he's
5.9/12
still adjusting to prison"
Researchers at CBS said ratings are up 10
CBS News, meanwhile, leaving no publicity
percent, the shares up four points, over the same
pebble unturned, disclosed in a handout yester-
week a year ago for the three big networks
day that Tyson "reads a lot in prison, studying for
The paid Clinton for President half-hour on
his high school equivalency degree. Among the
NBC Friday night finished 80th
books he's planning to peruse is CBS News Chief
In other highlights for the week ending June
Middle East Correspondent Bob Simon's recently
published 'Forty Days,' an account of the news-
14, newsmagazines continued to show some
man's captivity by the Iraqis during the Persian
strength, in part because they're mostly original
material amid all the reruns
Gulf war, which was given to him by his appeal
CBS's "48 Hours" was 21st and NBC News's
lawyer, Alan Dershowitz." The book is reviewed
"Dateline NBC" was 22nd. Continuing with origi-
today on Page B2
nal episodes, "The Torkelsons" on NBC tied for
Tower Troubles (Cont'd)
55th, FOX's "Sightings" was 64th, "America's
Most Wanted" tied for 65th
Repairs on the 800-foot-plus transmission
An original "Young Riders" on ABC tied for
tower out at Channel 20 continue
67th. Three Friday night specials on CBS-
WDCA and the two public TV stations with
"Busch Gardens-Sea World Summer Safari,"
which it shares the tower were all off the air both
"Guiding Light: The Primetime Special" and "The
Monday and yesterday between noon and 4 p.m.
Secret Lives of Husbands & Wives"-finished
There's a chance the three stations will get a
76th, 69th and tied for 70th, respectively
break this afternoon and remain on the air, but
The "Genesis: Opening Night" special on ABC
repairs are expected to resume tomorrow. black-
was 82nd
The
Wushington
Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
even notice it. She especially says
That, give or take a detail, was
this: The Senator in "Black Water"
Chappaquiddick, and that is "Black
By David Streitfeld
Washington Post Staff Writer
shouldn't be mistaken for Ted Ken-
Water."
nedy, Kelly Kelleher isn't a pseud-
She was fighting to escape the wa-
Pale, blinking and hesitant, Joyce
onym for Mary Jo Kopechne, and
ter, she was clutching at a man's
Carol Oates looks as if she had just
this brief tale isn't about Chappa-
muscular forearm even as he shoved
emerged from a cocoon. Her replies
her away, she was clutching at his
are earnest but otherworldly, often
quiddick at all.
This, like a number of things
trousered leg, his foot, his foot in its
not quite to the point. She falters,
apologizes, would rather be talking
about Joyce Carol Oates, is hard to
crepe-soled canvas shoe heavy and
crushing upon her striking the side
about something else than her new
believe. Even the dust jacket copy-
novel but tries gamely anyway.
writer didn't buy it, paring this
of her head, her left temple so now
She was only writing a story, she
she did cry out in pain and hurt
American myth down to the barest
keeps saying, just putting words on
essentials: "The Senator. The girl.
grabbing at his leg frantically, her.
paper in the same dreamy, haphaz-
The Fourth of July party on the is-
fingernails tearing, then at his an-
ard way she always does. She had
land. The ride through the night.
kle, his foot, his shoe, the crepe-soled
no real-world agenda, no scores to
settle, never thought anyone would
The accident. The death by water."
See OATES, B8, Col. 1
Oates & The Senator
JOYCE CAROLOATES
about reforming society. He'd be the
kind of man who, after the Los An-
geles riots, would be talking very
BLACK
idealistically about bringing the rac-
OATES, From B1
thought that Senator Ted Kennedy
es together and putting money into
himself had behaved very badly fol-
the ghettos and finding jobs and so
canvas shoe that came off in her
lowing the accident at Chappaquid-
hand so she was left behind crying,
dick. If I remember correctly he said
WATER
forth. So I was really led to some-
begging, "Don't leave me!-help me!
body very much like Ted Kennedy
that he had been in shock for 10
Wait!"
because Kennedy himself had been a
hours and could not therefore report
Oates has been haunted for
quintessential figure in his own
the accident. It seems to be stretch-
vears-well, since Chappaquiddick
way."
But Not That Senator, Says Author Joyce Carol Oates.
ing a point. If you believe that, you
23 years ago-by this image, of a
There we are: back at Kennedy
can believe a lot of things."
/oung woman drowning in a sub-
again. Oates maintains she never
Joyce Carol Oates forces one to
Ballad for The Senator's Victim
nerged car, waiting for a savior who
thought people would ask about him
believe a lot of things. Start with the
never shows. She wrote notes and
or connect this book with Chappa-
central mystery: How can one per-
notes about the scene, but couldn't
quiddick. She thought the real-life
son bring forth so much? Since last
30 any further. Just the trapped
fall. she's published "Heat" (a sizable
incident had been relegated to the
naiden and the car, hurtling through
collection of stories), an omnibus col-
history books. "I'm a person who
the night to a watery grave. "Very
omantic," the writer says during a
lection of 12 plays, and "Snake Eyes"
doesn't watch television and I don't
stopover here on 2 publicity tour,
(a psychological thriller written un-
read popular magazines," she ex-
der a nom de plume). Then came
Oates: Her prime territory is male
plains. "I tend to be very literary,
and yet somewhat sinister."
"Black Water," admittedly at 154
violence VS. female powerlessness.
perhaps naive."
Last year, certain events sent her
pages of large type no more than a
So literary, in fact, that on at least
back to the material. There was the
trifle compared with blockbusters
the principal reviewers of "Black
one occasion she's been transmuted
Villiam Kennedy Smith rape trial;
like "Bellefleur" or "A Bloodsmoor
Water"-have no such complaints
into fiction herself. A man wrote a
hat got her thinking about the Ken-
Romance." In September will appear
this time. The novel has received
story called "How I Killed Joyce Car-
edy family again, and the way the
"Where Is Here?," another short sto-
prominent and largely positive re-
ol Oates," and sent it to her. She
note mystically inclined think of
ry collection, followed in October by
views, even some glowing ones.
hem as cursed. And there was the
thinks it may have even been pub-
"The Oxford Book of American
Richard Eder wrote in the Los An-
esignation of Supreme Court Jus-
lished somewhere. The plot followed
Short Stories," a massive project ed-
geles Times that Oates "has written
ice Thurgood Marshall, which sig-
fairly closely from the title: There
ited by Oates.
the ballad of Chappaquiddick. She
aled the end of an era in civil rights.
was a character named Joyce Carol
"inally. there were the Clarence
This probably leaves out a few
has done it with startling success,
Oates who gets horribly killed.
projects and tasks-Oates teaches
without a lapse; giving the particular
homas hearings. These also
"Obviously, it was a man who
eemed to confirm an inhospitable
at Princeton, for one thing, and has
story we partly know, and partly
didn't like me," Oates remarks with
developed with her husband, Ray-
guess at, a twanging universality."
limate today for women and wom-
her customary evenness.
mond, a whole small publishing firm,
A ballad is certainly what she was
n's rights, an era when the men are
$ firmly in command as ever and of-
aiming at, one of those English or
For once, Joyce Carol Oates was
the Ontario Review Press-but you
en dangerous to boot. That's prime
Scottish tunes of centuries past
the victim. How did it feel?
get the idea: Oates writes novels the
ates territory: male violence VS. fe-
way others write short stories, and
where a young girl is seduced and
"It wasn't very well written. I was
nale powerlessness.
short stories the way people write
abandoned, sometimes even mur-
sad that, if I had to be in a work of
The Senator was sobbing now, fu-
notes to their child's school, excus-
dered, and her ghost comes back and
fiction, it couldn't be a better one."
ing his absence yesterday. In the last
laments.
ious and incredulous and ag-
rieved, The girl was drunk, and
25 years there have been 20 novels,
The black water was splashing in-
he got emotional, she grabbed at the
an equal number of short story col-
to her mouth, into her nostrils, there
heel and the car surved off the
lections, and at least a dozen books
was no avoiding it, filling her lungs,
oad and they'll say manslaughter,
of other types. No wonder there has
and her heart was beating in quick
hey'll get me for-"
been a rumor in the publishing busi-
erratic lurches laboring to supply or-
The Senator is more than danger-
ness that there are really two
ygen to her fainting brain where she
as: He's a sleaze. He's driving
Oateses: Joyce and Carol.
saw so vividly jagged needles rising
hile drunk, literally swilling even
Her output is SO voluminous that
like stalagmites-what did it mean?
:ore booze while speeding with
it's damaged her reputation. Critics
Laughing ruefully to think how
elly to the ferry and, once on the
grow weary of seeing SO much from
many kisses she'd had tasting of
ainland, their planned romantic
one person, and perhaps the public
beer? wine? whisky? cigarettes? man-
endervous. He misses the turnoff,
does too. Consequently, Oates's ma-
juana?
nds the car into a pond, steps on
jor work can be undervalued.
You love the life you've lived, there
elly in his panic to keep from
Two years ago she published "Be-
is no other.
owning. refuses to dive back in for
cause It Is Bitter, and Because It Is
"Black Water," which atypically
:I-no power on earth could in-
My Heart." the story of a black fami-
for Oates has been selling well
ICE him to return-and then con-
ly and a white family in the 1950s
enough to flirt with the edge of the
cts a story that is completely at
linked by, yes, a murder. It got a Na-
bestseller list, is thematically of a
Ids with the truth.
tional Book Award nomination but
piece with the rest of her work: It's
You could even argue that he's a
only a glancing amount of respect.
the song of the victim. The book is
urderer, in the poetic if not legal
Sales were unimpressive. It was just
even dedicated to them, "for the
nse. Not according to Oates,
another novel from Joyce Carol
Kellys," all these young women who
rugh. "Well, murder! It's just an
Oates.
are perhaps too idealistic and naive
treme thing to say. I would never,
Unsurprisingly, she has often felt
for their own good. They were plen-
ver say anything like this
We
herself an isolated figure, misunder-
tiful in 1969 and no doubt now as
ow what murder is. Murder is
stood and misinterpreted. "T've often
well. And the Kellys lead inevitably
emeditated and deliberate. At the
been writing about women and chil-
to the selection of The Senator:
ry, very most this would be invol-
dren, particularly young girls who've
handsome, famous, noble in his ideas
tary manslaughter, if you had a
been victimized by violence, and yet
if perhaps ignoble in his character. A
osecutor who would prosecute."
much of the critical response I re-
Democrat, for sure.
She goes back and forth on this
ceived, especially from men, has
"I can't quite imagine an intelli-
nt, however, slipping easily be-
been quite negative. They seem to
gent woman looking up to and being
een fiction and reality. "Certain-
think that I shouldn't write about the
romantically involved with a Repub-
she says, "The Senator did be-
victims of violence, or I shouldn't
lican," Oates says. "That sounds very
e very badly. I think in real life
write about violence."
disingenuous, but it would have to be
nv
The Washington post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
TV Preview
'Watergate': The Worst and Best of Times
cludes some mutual back-patting by
briskly. But there is also an unmis-
By Tom Shales
CBS and The Washington Post. But
takable melancholy that so terrible a
Washington Post Staff Writer
fair-minded folk would have to ad-
thing could have happened, some-
mit the plaudits were earned; for a
thing that engendered waves of cyn-
What a shameful and exciting epi-
sode it was. And it comes back to-
time there in 1972 and '73, The
icism about government that ripple
night as still one helluva tale in "Wa-
Post and CBS News were virtually
to this day.
alone in their pursuit of one of the
For Nixon himself, who showed
tergate: The Secret Story," a
most important news stories of the
such contempt for the trust placed
two-hour special from CBS News at
in him and the high office he covet-
9 on Channel 9 that kicks off, more
century.
or less officially, the 20th anniversa-
Nobody seems to be clucking
ed, one hears less hatred than sym-
ry of the Watergate ordeal.
with glee either, or dancing on Rich-
pathy and fascination. "If I could
We should note up top that the
ard Nixon's political grave. There
have my, wish of who I would like to
program is a CBS News/Post-News-
are laughs in the show, and, once a
talk 55 for 10 days, each of us full of
week production, and that it in-
dull opening act is over, it zips along
See TV PREVIEW, B9, Col. 1
certainly hear no talk of Post man-
Watergate Revisited
agement wavering as Paley did.
The program, impeccably execu-
tive-produced by Andrew Lack, cov-
TV PREVIEW, From B1
Young viewers who can be in-
ers all the bases, or virtually all, but
duced to watch will get from "The
lacks any taint of perfunctory anniv-
truth serum, I would pick Richard
Secret Story" a sobering insight on
ersaryness. Some of the punctuating
Nixon," says Ben Bradlee, executive
the enormity of the crime, a splendid
shots of Washington landmarks are
editor of The Post in the Watergate
case study on the abuse and arro-
quite beautiful, and make their own
era.
gance of power, a still-shocking pro-
The gathering of Watergate alum-
grim commentary on the sordid
file of what was arguably the rotten-
ni includes many who worked for
spectacle that unfolded around
est administration ever. The lessons
Nixon-old Romans convening to
them. And you sure couldn't ask for
are bitter and obvious: "It could hap-
mull a Caesar's fall. While CBS re-
a better, abler man in the interview-
cruited an admirable list of partici-
pen again just as surely as it did 20
er's chair than Wallace, easily as
pants, the omissions are conspicu-
years ago," says Wallace.
good as he was 20 years ago when
ous: H.R. Haldeman, G. Gordon
Sam Dash, chief counsel to the
he questioned Colson for "60 Min-
Liddy and John Dean among them.
Watergate subcommittee, compares
utes."
That supermarket-tabloid title-
political corruption to cockroaches in
During that interview, Colson
"The Secret Story"-is something of
the kitchen. "You know, you can
recalls, Wallace asked him how
a ruse. You don't really get much in-
spray once and they'll be gone for a
he could square his misdeeds with
formation that's both new and perti-
while, but the damn roaches keep
his avowed Christianity. Colson
nent. Anchor Mike Wallace says, for
coming back again," he says.
says it was that question that
instance, that the presidential cover-
Many memory-stirring names,
inspired him to change his plea to
up really began one day after the
faces and phrases return: the Oval
burglary and not three as was
Office tapes and their 18½-minute
thought. That's nice, but so what?
gap; dirty tricks; the "Saturday night
guilty, against his lawyer's wishes.
He makes quite a fuss about the
massacre"; folksy Sam Ervin, who
The presidential election ahead is:-
fact that Judy Hoback, a bookkeeper
ran the Senate subcommittee; "Well,
going to bring, and already has'
for the Nixon re-election campaign,
I'm not a crook" and "unindicted CO-
brought, new attacks against the
is being interviewed on camera here
conspirator." We see again Dan
media-"The press is out to get
for the first time, but all Hoback
Rather's exchange with Nixon at a
me," "My remarks were taken out of
really recalls is a visit from reporter
press conference staged at a broad-
context" and all that. Journalists can
Carl Bernstein, who, with Bob
casters convention-Rather getting
be as arrogant as politicians, but re-
Woodward, was half of what became
applause, Nixon asking him if he's
the most famous reporting team in
wallowing in Watergate puts some of
running for anything, Rather reply-
that constant whining in proper per-
history.
ing, "No, Mr. President, are you?"
spective.
CBS has promised that late in the
It's a nostalgia show, in a way; you
program, an "educated guess" will be
Naturally the old cliche about the
may find yourself getting perversely
made about the identity of Deep
system working comes up. One is in
sentimental. The fact that so many
Throat, the shadowy source who led
clined to say rather that this was
of the wrongdoers now appear re-
Woodward through much of the
case in which the system by some,".
pentant, chastened and humbled is
merry Watergate maze. This portion
miracle managed to squeak by. But
of the program was withheld from
reassuring. Just seeing how time has
then, where do miracles come from?
the preview copy supplied by CBS.
changed once-familiar faces some-
If divine providence had as much to:-
Wallace says three names often cit-
how is too.
do with revealing and unraveling the
ed as possible D.T.'s can be elimi-
Walter Cronkite confirms to Wal-
scandal as Woodward, Bernstein and
nated based on Woodward and Bern-
lace that the late William S. Paley,
Deep Throat did, and cared enough'
stein's writings and remarks:
founder of CBS, assailed his own
to intervene, that is reassuring too.
Alexander Haig, Henry Kissinger
news division over Cronkite's first
We remember Watergate to our glo-
and Melvin Laird.
big, brave Watergate report, Paley
ry, not only to our sorrow.
It is kinda wonderful, as Bernstein
having been pressured by Nixon
says at one point, that any secret
hatchet man Chuck Colson. "All good
could have been kept for 20 years,
work is done in defiance of manage-
especially a Washington secret.
ment," Woodward says, though we
The Moshington post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17. 1992
Night of the Dancing Bear
With 'My Friend George,' Boris Yeltsin Celebrates a Historic Visit
By Donnie Radcliffe
and Dana Thomas
Boris
Washington Post Staff Writers
e said it was "the best day
H
of my life." And indeed, he
Yeltsin's
could have danced all night.
In fact Russian President
Boris Yeltsin waltzed with the lady
next to him smack in the middle of a
Waltz
state dinner at the White House last
night.
RUSSIANS, From B1
It was a break from tradition that
OWs and MIAs alive in the former
sent President Bush's black-tie
Soviet Union.
guests into a tizzy of delight.
"I have given my word of honor to
According to Chief of Staff Sam
President George Bush and to the
Skinner, Yeltsin thought the whole
United States of America that in this
room should be dancing and asked
subject no stone will remain un-
urned," said Yeltsin through an in-
Barbara Bush to join him. She
terpreter.
declined, suggesting he ask the
Over coffee later, Bush was also
woman seated next to him. He did
euphoric.
and they waltzed around a couple of
"It's very clear. What happened
tables. As guests moved to the East
today was significant on two fronts,"
Room later, Yeltsin caught Barbara
he said. "One is his willingness to
Bush and gave her a twirl or two.
open the archives and go the extra
mile on this. Secondly, what hap-
Talking about it afterward to a
pened to the missile business is his-
reporter, Yeltsin said: "I think we've
toric."
WASHINGTON POST
opened a new chapter in
During toasts, though, the impact
of Yeltsin's announcement seemed
At Marths's Table, Russian First Lady Naina Yeltsin thanks 9-year-old Lorenzo
relationships and we are taking
almost lost on an audience distracted
Bell for his bouquet of paper flowers.
down the stereotypes, including at
by the speedy monotone of his inter-
the-formal dinners-a more human
the day's double-barreled announce-
when he was asked what he would
preter. Still, nobody could miss Yelt-
-element. Nothing human is alien
sin's commanding presence.
ments were a mind-popper.
do if the Iraqis didn't comply with
tonight."
"He's very large in spirit," said
"They really blew it all today with
the U.N. resolution, he determined
that fantastic arms agreement and
that ground defense would never be
And so it wasn't. Certainly deep in
former "Cosby Show" star Phylicia
the MIAs," said Thomas, sparkling
necessary again," McRaney said.
the heart of the White House a
Rashad. "So much charisma," chimed
in her husband, NBC sports an-
in a black and silver cocktail dress at
"It's amazing what somebody can
"maverick" named Yeltsin possessed
nouncer Ahmad Rashad.
what could be her "last hurrah" as
get from one backward glance at
what part-time Texan George Bush
Tall, sturdy, tanned and nattily at-
White House bureau chief for the
ROTC at the University of Arkan-
called "a certain spirit you find on
nearly extinct UPI wire service. "I'm
sas."
tired in a black double-breasted suit
trying to play this one up for all it's
But it wasn't all power and poli-
the plains of West Texas."
with a burgundy print tie, Yeltsin
tics. Olympic gold medalist ice skat-
nonetheless blended in nicely with
worth."
"When back in August of 1991 the
er Kristi Yamaguchi was "very excit-
his black-tie host and almost a score
Election year politics wasn't a hot
old guard threatened to take Russia
ed" to make her second visit to the
backward, Boris Yeltsin led the
of captains of American industry.
topic, at least early in the evening.
White House. She had come with the
One of them, Dwayne O. Andreas,
Asked what he thought Lone Star
entire Olympic team a few months
defense of democracy from the
chairman and CEO of Archer-Dan-
voters would do if faced with the
building Russians called the White
choice between Bush and Texas
back, and presented Bush with a
iels-Midland, said that when he and
team jacket. The unescorted Yama-
House. The coup plotters set out to
former president Richard Nixon met
purebred Ross Perot come Novem-
destroy democracy," Bush said in his
with Yeltsin in Moscow last week,
ber, fellow Texan Robert Strauss,
guchi was hoping to practice her be-
U.S. envoy to Moscow and former
ginner's Russian on Yeltsin-words
toast to Yeltsin. "Thanks to the
Yeltsin "told us he'd have some se-
Democratic National Committee
and phrases she's picked up touring
courage of this man, they made it
crets for us, but didn't tell us about
with Russian skaters. And she ex-
the MIAs."
chairman, said, "T'm not an expert on
pressed her desire to skate in Russia
stronger."
Sen. Sam Nunn (D-Ga.) said, "We
Texas. I'm an expert on Moscow."
someday.
Responding to "my friend
have to assume that there are peo-
"There are a lot of bumper stick-
Among the other guests was First
George," Yeltsin said, "We have
ple alive and pursue getting them
ers in Moscow," he offered.
Designer Arnold Scaasi, who creat-
resolved something for which I have
back as vigorously as we can."
For Perot? "No. For Yeltsin."
ed Mrs. Bush's purple floor-length
been striving for a long time. We
Senate Minority Leader Robert
Dole ducked down a hall when
lace gown. Naina Yeltsin, like her
have decided today to cut nuclear
Dole (R-Kan.) said he'd been very
asked if he had any words of advice
husband, took the conservative
busy yesterday and hadn't heard
for presidential challengers.
route, wearing a two-piece black and
arsenals in these two countries by
much about it but did "hope we can
Actor Gerald McRaney of the sit-
brown silk ensemble.
one-third."
get some resolution on this soon."
com "Major Dad" (who brought his
Mrs. Yeltsin had had quite a good
The arms reduction was one of
For veteran White House corre-
mom, Edna). had some sharp words
day herself. With Barbara Bush as
two big announcements that Yeltsin
spondent Helen Thomas, who's wit-
for Democratic candidate Bill Clin-
escort, the 60-year-old former con-
and Bush made earlier in the day.
nessed more history-making mo-
ton.
struction engineer donned plastic
And last night on the second, Yeltsin
ments than either Bush or Yeltsin,
"I was amazed to find out that
gloves and a red apron to join the
pledged "to investigate the fate of
each and every citizen of America
victimized by the Communist
regime," referring to his comment
Monday that there might be U.S.
See RUSSIANS, B4, Col. 1
The
Washington
15ml
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
sandwich brigade at Martha's Table
on 14th Street NW, turning out 35
of the 2,500 sandwiches distributed
daily at five city parks and four over-
flow shelters.
"Not really," she responded yes-
Daniel S. Goldin, administrator, NASA. and Judy Goldin
terday through an interpreter when
Guests at
Robert F. Greenhill, president, Morgan Stanley Group, and
asked whether she was surprised to
Gayle Greenhill
be taken to a place where food is
Alan Greenspan, chairman, Federal Reserve System, and
Andres Mitchell, NBC
prepared for distribution to some of
Judd Gregg. governor of New Hampshire, and Kathleen Gragg
Washington's poor and homeless. "It
can happen in any system. even
The Dinner
Rep. Lee H. Hamdton (D-Ind.). and Nancy Hamilton
Sen. Mark O. Hatfield (R-Ore.). and Antoinette Hatfield
when the state is rich. Under any
Ed A. Hewelt. special assistant to the president for national
security affairs, and Nancy Hewett
system there will be poor people be-
Henry L. Hillman, Hillman Co., and Elsie Hillman
cause people work differently and
The guest list for last night's
Rep. Henry J. Hyde, (R-II)
have different attitudes toward
White House dinner.
Jack Kemp, secretary of housing and urben development, and
work. We also understand your
Joanne Kemp
Russian Federation President Boris Yeltsin and Naina Yeltsin
Donald M. Kandall, chairman of the exacutive committee,
problems, but thank God you have
Y.T. Galder, prime minister of the Russian Federation
Pepsico, and Signid Kendall
fewer problems than we do."
A.V. Kozyrev, minister of foreign affairs of the Russian Federa-
Morton Kondracks, senior editor, Rod Call, and Alexandra
Mrs. Yeltsin said no facility such
tion
Kondracks, his daughter
P.S. Grachev, minister of defense of the Russian Federation
Parker B. Ladd
as Martha's Table exists in Russia.
M.E. Nikolayav, president of the Republic of Sakh
Edward Madigan, secretary of agriculture, and Everyn Madigan
"We have a problem because we
Viadimir P. Lukin, ambassador from Russia, and Larisa Lukin
Howard P. Marguless, CEO, Sumworld, and Ardith Marguless
don't have the availability of prod-
V.V. Byushin. first assistant to the president
J. Willard Marriott N., chairman of the board and president,
ucts you have. Eventually we will
Y.V. Petrov, chief of presidential administration
Marriot Corp., and Donna Marriott
Y.V. Shokov, secretary, Security Council of the Russian Feder-
Arch McGill, president, Chardonnay, and Jeanne McGal
have more products and we'll create
ation
Gerald McRaney, actor, and Edna Lenore McRaney, his
kitchens like this. This is all private
P.O. Aven, minister of foreign economic relations of the
mother
volunteer donations, and we do not
Russian Federation
John J. Murphy, chairman, president and CEO, Dresser Indus-
V.N. Khiystun, minister of agriculture of the Russian Federa-
have a system of volunteers. But
tries, and Louise Murphy
tion
Thomas M.T. Niles, assistant secretary of state for European
eventually.
D.B. Ryurthov, assistant to the president
affairs
"Right now." she added, "that is a
S.A. Kovalev, chairman, Russian Suprame Soviet Committee
Sen. Sam Num (D-Ga) and Collean Numn
on Human Rights
wish, of course."
M.M. Melostvov, member, Russian Supreme Soviet Commit-
William F. O'Connor, Chicago Board of Trade, and Mary Jane
O'Connor
Last night, after a dinner of Cali-
too on Human Rights
Robert E. Alien, chairman and CEO, AT&T, and Batty Allen
James c. Obenwetter, vice president, governmental and public
fornia caviar, roast veal and caramel
Terry Anderson, chief Middle East correspondent, Associated
affairs, Hunt Oil Co., and Eleanor Oberwatter
mousse, guests gathered in the East
Press (on leave), and Madelaine Bassil
Gan. Colin L Powell, chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Alma
Room to listen to soprano Carol
Dwayne 0. Andress, chairman and CEO, Archer Deniels-Mid-
Powell
Theresa Vaness, who saluted Yeltsin
land Co., and Dorothy Andress
Ahmad Rashad, sports announcer, and Phyticia Reshad, so-
Dexter F. Baker, chairman, president and CEO, Air Products &
treas
with Rachmaninoff's "How Fair This
Chemicals, and Dorothy Baker
William H. Rehnquist, chief justice of the United States
Spot!" in Russian.
James Baker, secretary of state, and Susan Baker
Condoleazza Rice, associate professor of political acience,
Ronald H. Denson, president, Phibro Energy Production, and
Stanford University
The evening closed with more
Kristy Kay
Dennis Ross, director, policy planning, State Department. and
dancing. Basking in the glow of her
James H. Billington, librarion of Congress, and Marjorie Billing
Deborah Ross
new celebrity was Yeltsin's first
ton
Amold Scassi, Amold Scass Inc.
dance partner, Robin Gerstner, wife
Nicholas Brady, secretary of the treasury. and Katherine Brady
Brent Scowcroft, assistant to the president for national securi-
of RJR Nabisco's chairman and CEO,
Rep. William S. Broomfield (R-Mich), and Jane Broomfield
ty affairs
Patricia Burch
Samuel Skinner, chief of staff to the president. and Heney
Louis Gerstner.
R. Nichotas Bums, director of European affairs, National
Skinner
"He's a wonderful dancer," she de-
Security Council
Richard A. Snyder, In-N-Out Burger, and Christina Snyder
clared. "It was a great thrill."
Richard Chency, secretary of defense. and Lynne Chensy,
Robert 3. Strausa, ambassador to Russie, and Susan Breen,
chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities
his daughter
Pamela Cohen, Union of Councils for Soviet Jaws, and
Helen Thomas, White House correspondent. UPI
Leonard Cohen
R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr., aditor in chief, the American Spectator
E. Gerald Corrigan, president, Federal Reserve Bank of New
Carol Theresa Vaness, singer (performing). and Lotfollsh
York, and Linda Corrigan
Marcouri, general director, San Francisco Opera
Mitchell E. Deniels N., vice president, EB Lity Co., and Cheri
Paul A. Votcker, chairman, James D. Wolfensohn Inc., and
Daniels
Janica Zima. his daughter
Kathleen Detaski, White House correspondent, ABC. and
William B. Walsh Sr., president, Project HOPE. and Helen
Edward Grubb
Waish
Kenneth T. Derr. chairman and CEO, Chevron Corp.
John G. Weinmann, chief of protocol, and Virginia Lee Wein-
Sen. Robert J. Dole (R-Kan.). and Elizabeth H. Dole,chairman,
mann
American Red Cross
Robert F. Elsworth, chairman, International Institute for Stre-
Betty White, actress, and Wayne Ferguson
tagic Studies, and Vivian Elsworth
Kristi Yamaguchi, Otympic gold medalist
Barbera Franklin, secretary of commerce, and Wallace Bames
Zach Zacharish and Rachel Zacharish
Robert W. Galvin, chairman, Executive Committee, Motorcia,
Gordon Zacks. chairman and CEO. R.G. Barry Corp., and Card
and Mary Galvin
Sue Zacks
Louis V. Gerstner Jr., chairman and CEO, RJR Nabisco, and
Fred M. Zader a, president. Overseas Private Investment Corp.
Robin Gerstner
(OPIC), and Marths Zader
age
washington
18ml
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
JUDY MANN
A Vote for 'Someone a Little Different'
R
ep. Patricia Schroeder's political career
kept saying that the nation needed "a rendezvous
began with a suicide race. It was 1972, the
with reality-I'm not going to be the Tinker Bell of
year President Nixon was expected to win
this campaign, bring out the magic poofle dust and
reelection by a landslide. She was a Democrat,
say everything's going to be okay."
running against a popular incumbent in a Denver
Sound familiar? Burden sharing, a term that is
district that had just been reapportioned, bolstering
surfacing in the current presidential campaign, is not
the Republicans' traditional advantage. She ran
new to Schroeder. She co-chairs the House Armed
because no one else would.
Services Task Force on Defense Burden Sharing. She
In her political biography, "Champion of the
also heads the Select Committee on Children, Youth
Great American Family," Schroeder tells the story
and Families, and the House civil service
of a group of young liberal Democrats, including
subcommittee. This is a person of breadth, depth and
her husband, Jim, who caucused throughout the
20 years of Washington experience that neither Gov.
spring, trying to find a candidate. At one point,
Bill Clinton, the likely Democratic nominee, nor
someone turned to Jim and said, "How about your
independent Ross Perot come close to having.
wife, Jim?" He replied, "How about your wife?" In
Four years ago, Schroeder was saying a lot of
the end, they decided to run "someone a little
things that presidential aspirants are saying this
different."
year. What kept her from making the presidential
Schroeder favored ending U.S. involvement in
race, in the end, was that she had started too late
Vietnam, but she also ran on issues that she has
to get enough delegates and enough money. She did
retained an abiding interest in: children, the family,
not want to gamble her congressional seniority on a
the environment, housing, the well-being of the
suicide mission.
elderly. She got no help from the Democratic
Colorado state law forbids politicians from
National Committee. She wrote of the campaign:
running for two offices simultaneously, so anyone
"Because they thought victory was a sure thing, the
trying to persuade Schroeder to become his
local Republican Party kept my opponent in
running mate will have to convince her that
Washington for all but the last month of the
together they can win.
campaign. That gave me a great head start."
Gov. Mario Cuomo of New York put Schroeder
Throughout the summer and fall, the stench of
on the short list of suggested running mates he
Watergate grew stronger, but it was not enough to
gave to Clinton. The Arkansas governor had a
prevent Nixon from winning in a landslide.
half-hour phone conversation with Schroeder on
Schroeder was one of the few challengers to beat a
Friday-the day after she stopped in the Perot
Republican incumbent that year, walking away with
headquarters here to buy a Perot T-shirt.
52 percent of the vote and launching a 20-year
Clinton and Bush do about as well among women
career of being "someone a little different."
voters as they do among men. But Perot's support
Today, she has served longer than any other
among women is eight percentage points less than his
woman in Congress, and with the possible
support among men. In a close election, the votes of
exception of Texas Gov. Ann Richards, she is the
women will be critical. So Perot probably would
best-known woman politician in America. When
benefit most from having Schroeder on his ticket.
Schroeder formed an exploratory presidential
Schroeder is admired among women and men of
campaign committee in 1988, a month after fellow
both parties because of who she is, what she has
Coloradoan Gary Hart self-destructed, the positive
accomplished and probably above everything else,
response stunned her. She raised money quickly
because of the enormous integrity with which she
and drew huge crowds. As the Los Angeles Times
has conducted her public and private lives. She
described it, "The independent spirit in Schroeder
connects with the realities of American families
is what makes voters take a second look."
better than most politicians. She has always been
Schroeder was the only Democrat who ever
"someone a little different."
came up with a derogatory label that stuck to
And just think what she would do in a vice
President Reagan: "the Teflon-coated president."
presidential debate against someone who showed
On the campaign trail, the Times profile noted, she
up with Little Orphan Annie eyes.
The
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
BOB LEVEY'S WASHINGTON
Reclaiming Computers for Nonprofits
onprofit" is a nine-letter word that
SEND A KID TO CAMP
'N
translates loosely as "broke." And
Doug Wilner, of Laurel, sounded chipper when I.
whenever a nonprofit organization goes
spoke to him, so I guess the rehabilitation of his
shopping for a computer, it usually gets broker.
finger is on course. His heart doesn't need any
Until now. Mike Holland, a reader from
rehabilitating whatsoever.
Bethesda who's a programmer-analyst for the
Doug is a chemistry teacher at St. Paul's School
Internal Revenue Service, has just organized The
for Girls in Brooklandville, Md. Two weeks ago, he
Computer Reclamation Project.
was cleaning up the school's chem lab, "preparing it
TCRP will collect computers and computer parts
for a dormant summer," when he accidentally
that their-owners no longer want. With the help of
shattered a piece of glass tubing.
several computer-tinkering buddies, Mike will
"Unfortunately," Doug writes, "the tubing took it
rehabilitate dead and ailing computers and donate
personally and shattered me back." Doug's finger
them to nonprofit organizations in the D.C. area.
was bleeding like crazy. That pained him
The program will operate under the umbrella of
somewhat. What pained him worse was the
the Washington Area Wheelchair Society, whose
expensive prospect of having the cut repaired. If
president is Mike's brother, Paul. The Wheelchair
you think that's a petty concern, you must have
Society's Silver Spring office will serve as an intake
missed what high school teachers earn these days.
point for computers and components. The society
It ain't princely.
also will provide workshop space and storage.
Anyway, Doug was bleeding and worrying when
Donors can claim a tax deduction, since the
Grover Carico, a fellow chemistry teacher, saw
Wheelchair Society is a community service
what had happened. Grover drove Doug to a nearby
foundation as defined by the IRS.
walk-in clinic, where he received four stitches. As
I'm delighted to endorse Mike's efforts, not only
Doug was hopping out of the car, Grover wished
because nonprofit organizations need the help, but
him good luck and "coolly handed me $50."
also because it galls me to think that companies and
Doug refused the offer, and the school eventually
individuals routinely chuck computers that they no
covered the cost of the stitches. But what a lovely
longer need, even when the machines still work.
offer by one chemistry teacher to another.
Sometimes, of course, the machines have quit
And what a lovely response from Doug. He donated
working. Even so, components might be restorable
$20 to our annual Send a Kid to Camp campaign.
and reusable. If we don't give Mike and his
"If someone has done you a good turn," Doug said,
diagnosticians a chance to find out, our landfills will
"then do a child a good turn and donate some money."
inherit the results rather than the agencies that
At Doug's request, his $20 goes into the books as a
gift in Grover Carico's honor.
need free computers the most.
How about all the rest of you favor-receivers out
For TCRP to work, two things must happen:
there? Each summer, we help 1,200 underprivileged
1) Organizations and individuals must
kids go to camp. In many cases, they have never had
contribute computers and components in large
favors done for them. Most live in stressful, chaotic
numbers. As soon as they see this column, every
family situations and grinding poverty. But at camp,
nonprofit in creation will apply for a newly
they learn that there's a more wholesome way.
rehabbed computer. They'll be frustrated if readers
I don't wish four stitches on anybody. But Doug
and offices don't do their part.
Wilner has shown us how bad news can be converted
2) Individuals and for-profit companies must not
to good. Many thanks!
try to crash the party. Yes, I sympathize with
starving graduate students, and I know that free
Our goal: $275,000.
computers also would help businesses trying to
In hand as of June 13: $74,510.68.
make a buck. But let's scale those mountains
another day. This program is for nonprofits only.
TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE CAMPAIGN:
To offer materials, or to sign up for a rehabbed
Make a check or money order payable to Send a
computer, call Mike Holland at 301-986-1272 or
Kid to Camp, and mail it to Bob-Levey, The
the Wheelchair Society at 301-495-0277. To
Washington Post, Washington, D.C. 20071.
qualify for a rehabbed computer, a nonprofit will
have to provide its 501-(c)-3 tax-exempt
TO CONTRIBUTE BY VISA OR MASTERCARD:
identification number, as provided by the IRS.
Call 202-334-9000 on a touch-tone phone. Then
punch in K-I-D-S, or 5437, and follow instructions.
The Washington Fost
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
DOROTHY GILLIAM
Clinton's Low Blow to Black Aspirations
our guest is coming for dinner; you've
alone, has zapped African Americans including Jack
Y
cleaned the house, cooked your specialty, put
Johnson and Adam Clayton Powell.
out the heirloom lace tablecloth and best
The likely Democratic presidential nominee
china. Then, the guest calls your children lousy.
tortuously compared rap singer Sister Souljah to
Bill Clinton came to the Rainbow Coalition
former Klansman David Duke and said it was wrong
convention here last weekend, held hands with
for the Rainbow Coalition to give her a public
Jesse L. Jackson, occupied an honored place at the
platform.
table, and then coldly used the forum to show that
But what is wrong is Clinton's calculating,
he could "contain" Jackson and appeal to "forgotten"
well-orchestrated, unstatesmanlike attack on
Democrats who left the party to become
Jackson-the man who in the last two Democratic
Reaganites.
primaries got a huge majority of black votes.
What made this exploitation so insulting,
Not wanting to totally alienate the African
maddening even, is the belief of many blacks that
American vote, Clinton searched until he found
Clinton would not have treated a white
something on which he could attack Jackson, who
constituency in so cavalier a manner. He seemed
allowed Souljah to speak at a youth summit the day
like yet another white man slapping down an
before.
"uppity" black man-a practice that, in this century
See GILLIAM, C3, Col. 1
'Containment' Message May Be Costly
people feeling they do not have a stake in this
GILLIAM, From C1
society.
Souljah, in the wake of the Los Angeles riots,
The Democratic standard bearer cannot win the
told The Washington Post: "If black people kill
presidency without a strong black vote, and he
black people every day, why not have a week and
must do more to get it than play the saxophone on
kill white people?
So if you're a gang member
the Arsenio Hall Show.
and you would normally be killing somebody, why
Clinton's advisers appear to have adopted this
not kill a white person?"
strategy because they think they can take blacks,
I would never defend an incendiary call to kill
white women and progressives for granted, while
anybody, and surely Jesse Jackson, the Christian
reassuring those who are threatened by African
minister, feels the same. So Clinton was wily in
American aspirations and see Jackson as the
choosing an issue to which Jackson could not have
communicator of those aspirations.
an ethical defense.
Joining that chorus are a number of pundits who,
The conference theme, according to Jackson,
without investigating their own hearts and minds,
was "rebuilding America." Souljah was invited,
are calling for the "containment" of Jackson. All of
along with other voices, in an effort to reach out to
them apparently believe that killing the messenger
youth, he said.
will kill the message. It will not.
To discuss rap music, which is about syllogisms
Containment of what? Of African American
and images and not to be taken literally, is another
hopes? Of Jackson voicing those hopes? All we are
column. But in this day when "hate radio" sprouts
getting are visceral reactions that "somebody stood
like weeds across America and right-wing college
up to him." But what were they standing up to?
students demand the freedom to call people every
Perhaps Clinton advisers should take a moment
pejorative name imaginable, rappers deserve at
from their glee to evaluate the consequences of this
least the same freedom to express themselves.
brouhaha. It just may turn out that he loses more
I admit to having great disagreements with
votes than he gains.
inflammatory language and images in some rap
For all of the players in this drama will be
music and videos, but I do understand-as Clinton
surprised to find out that African Americans are not
apparently does not-that it is a way young people
a guaranteed constituency for any person; that
vent their frustrations.
sophisticated white voters will also condemn
Our leaders must reach across the great divide
Clinton's manipulative tactics; and, indeed, this will
and build bridges, not exploit for selfish political
hurt more than help the Democratic Party at large.
gain, the real disaffection and alienation of the
The Democrats have identified George Bush as
young.
the enemy. How sad it is for African Americans to
Unfortunately, Clinton was concerned neither
find that those we considered our friends may
about freedom of expression nor some young
actually be our enemies.
1suit alring
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
The School Reform Game
C
ONGRESS COMES to school reform so
told the Congressional Quarterly. "It's not going
late in the game-long after the states—
to revolutionize anything."
that it's now struggling to catch up. It
What it is likely to do, though, is spark a fiery
hasn't quite figured out how to run up the field.
debate over educational standards and testing.
Just what is the game plan? How should the
The Senate without much ado committed itself to
federal government leverage change in school
the development of national curriculum standards
districts accustomed to running things them-
(what students should know and be able to do)
selves?
and tests to measure how well students meet
The Senate passed a competitive grant pro-
those standards. The House committee, howev-
gram in January; money would go to schools
er, backed away from national tests. The urban
whose innovations boost academic performance.
superintendents quake at the idea, and House
The House strategy has been harder to read; the
members listened to their fears. Instead, the
first bill to emerge from the Education and Labor
committee calls for the development of "school
Committee cracked open the door for school
delivery standards"-what schools need to per-
choice while seeming to slam it shut on locally
form their mission adequately. The bill doesn't
elected school boards. The teachers unions and
propose to help schools deficient in resources; it
the lobbyists persuaded the committee chairman,
merely seeks a national checklist: Are the teach-
Rep. William Ford (D-Mich.), to nix it.
ers trained, are there enough textbooks, is there
The bill that emerged last month isn't entirely
a school library etc.?
satisfactory either. It authorizes $700 million in
Prescriptions and checklists aren't what's
the first year for such things as state curriculum
wanted. Schools must be adequately staffed and
frameworks and teacher training-pretty bland
funded, but it's up to districts and states to
stuff. This is your basic block grant program, and
determine the best way to teach their students. If
there's little support for it-a fact that became
achieving academic excellence were a simple
obvious when partisans from opposite sides of the
matter of student-teacher ratios, per-pupil fund-
political aisle characterized the legislation in
ing and the number of books in the school library,
pretty similar tones: "This bill is worse than
the reformers' job would be simple. Unfortunate-
awful," said Secretary of Education Lamar Alex-
ly, there are no formulas. Congress, in attempt-
ander.
ing to play the reform game, must resist the urge
"It's all cliches and show business," Rep. Ford
to become a national school board.
No More Jets at National
T
HOUGH MANY who live under the flight
the "slot rule" in effect at these terminals, air-
paths of Washington National Airport
lines may buy a certain number of slots: At
would be happy if the terminal were closed
National, it's 37 jet flights an hour. The new
for good, that's not in the cards and shouldn't be.
measure would increase the total at National by
That said, we nevertheless believe that they and
12 commercial jet flights an hour. Under the
anybody else with a stake in the air safety and
McCain provision, smaller airlines would be al-
traffic flow at National have every reason to be
lowed to purchase commuter aircraft slots at
concerned about a measure now before a Senate
National and use them for the larger jets.
subcommittee on aviation. The proposal-one in
The Federal Aviation Administration has no cur-
a series from Sen. John McCain of Arizona, home
rent position on airport capacity at National. But as
of America West Airlines-would allow an in-
area members of Congress point out, the commuter
crease in the number of commercial jet flights at
slots were never intended for the larger jets and all
National. It's a bad idea on all counts, and with
the traffic, noise and possible safety problems this
Dulles nearby and planned to accommodate
change would create. In fact, the intention for
growth, there's no need to swell the commercial
National was to maintain the flight limitations now in
traffic at National.
effect, as Reps. Frank Wolf, James P. Moran and
Sen. McCain casts this proposal, as he has with
Connie Morella and Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton
the others he has pushed, as another way to allow
noted earlier this year to Transportation Secretary
smaller air carriers a piece of the action at
Andrew H. Card Jr. They expressed their "adamant
National. Competition is fine, but there are spe-
opposition" to any increase in air carrier operations
cial limits on the capacities at four of the coun-
at National. The Senate subcommittee should rein-
try's busiest airports: National, O'Hare in Chica-
force this view by rejecting any proposal to allow
go and JFK and LaGuardia in New York. Under
more big jet flights at National.
The Mashington JUST
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL
For the Record
From remarks by Education Secretary
Lamar Alexander to the American Asso-
ciation of State Colleges and Universities
June 15 in Washington:
[T]he teaching profession needs to
make special efforts to attract more mi-
norities. What it most needs are the best
possible teachers who include minorities,
and the fastest way to do that of course is
just to go out in the local school district
and raise the salary until you get them.
See, we go through all these laborious
meetings, and baloney is what a lot of it is,
thinking of ways within the existing; sys-
tem to think now about attracting people
who are 10 years old to be teachers 30
years from now, when we have talented
Hispanics, talented African Americans,
who are somewhere, who could go teach
physics in the classroom if we'd just go pay
them to do it.
But we can't get through our existing
way of doing things to do that. Alternative
certification programs are the fastest way
FOREIGN
to move people into teaching who are high
KIDNAP
quality or special needs or willing to go
POLICY
U.S. GOVT.
teach in a particular place, or bring some-
thing to the table that others don't
The minority scholarship issue
could
be summarized this way. Congress says, if
you're a recipient of federal funds, you
can't discriminate based on race.
[I]f the law means anything, it means
that some race-exclusive scholarships
aren't permitted. [But] it's perfectly
possible for any college to create a
scholarship program to diversify the stu-
dent body in the college of education. I
mean if you have all white or mostly white
students in the college of education, and
you want to have a program that would in-
crease the diversity of that student body,
you can clearly do that under the law the
G01992
way it is today without running into any
sort of problem with the federal anti-
discrimination law.
The Washington Pust
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Mr. Yeltsin's Revelations
ORIS YELTSIN'S trip to Washington
a biological warfare works in Smolensk in 1979,
B
comes decked in a series of stunning reve-
when hundreds were killed in an anthrax epidem-
lations that are bound to have a lasting
ic that Moscow falsely attributed to naturally
effect on the tone of Russian-American relations
tainted meat. The suggestion-proven only
even as the heavy-duty political exchanges, in-
now-that the Soviets were prepared to cheat
cluding yesterday's arms control announcements,
and lie to hide a secret program, a terrible
are absorbed into regular state practice.
tragedy and a violation of a formal arms control
Russia's first elected democratic president in a
treaty, had cast a heavy pall over Soviet-Ameri-
millennium of history chose as a kind of special
can deliberations as a whole into the '80s. The
gift to the American democracy a selection of
latest disclosure is encouraging as a concrete
documents culled from the Kremlin's awesomely
sign of a new day.
capacious secret files. On display at the Library
Even more gratifying is Mr. Yeltsin's acknowl-
of Congress, these papers tell of tales of miscon-
edgment that American POWs from World War
duct and treachery not previously heard in the
II, the Korean War, the Cold War period and
70-odd communist and Soviet years. Their pre-
even from Vietnam were secretly stashed away
sentation now suggests a commitment to open-
in the Soviet Union and that some from Vietnam,,
ness and honest inquiry on the international as
and perhaps others, may still be alive. These:
well as the national level. This is exactly the basis
disclosures reach into a matter of great sadness,
on which a deepening Russian-American connec-
bitterness and fellow feeling on the part of many
tion must be built.
Americans. The electrifying possibility that some
With Mr. Yeltsin arrived word of a recent
of those who were left behind in America's wars
Russian account of a truly appalling incident-
may yet be restored to their country and kin can
the Soviet Union's concealment of an accident at
now be pursued with full vigor.
Six Weeks and Counting
T'S BEEN six weeks since the Los Angeles
main proposal is to establish low-tax inner-city
I
riots, and Congress has yet to pass even the
enterprise zones, the theory being that the tax
"dire emergency" supplemental appropria-
concessions will generate on-the-spot employ-
tions bill that was meant to be its quick response.
ment. The Democrats seem disposed to give him
Much less have the Democrats and the president
this, though there could be a fight ahead on the
agreed on the longer-term increase in urban aid
form of the tax inducements. A new Congression-
that they also hastily promised at the time.
al Research Service study warns that tax cuts
The House approved its tidy version of the
that favor capital over labor could actually reduce
appropriations bill a month ago; the measure was
employment in the target areas, and that even
limited to cleanup money. A grandstanding Sen-
those that favor labor-tax cuts based on hiring
ate insisted on adding about $1.5 billion in mostly
rather than investment-aren't likely to increase
summer aid to cities generally, but without fi-
employment much.
nancing it. Instead it gave the president the
The Democrats meanwhile have their own
moral equivalent of the line-item veto he is
magic formula, which is to increase spending on
always calling for-the right to spend the extra
public works, but whether all of that would
money or not in whatever increments he chose
redound to the benefit of the inner cities, and
simply by suspending the budget rules, declaring
how to finance it, aren't clear, either.
an emergency and adding the cost to the deficit.
The dispute between the president and Con-
Mr. Bush, however, turned out to like neither
gress over unemployment insurance also contin-
the cost nor the responsibility the bill conferred.
ues. The government has been providing extend-
The conferees obliged him in part by reducing his
ed benefits on an emergency basis to tens of
discretion over the money, but they kept the
thousands of workers who wouldn't otherwise
Senate amounts and still did not finance them. He is
qualify but have exhausted their basic 26 weeks.
now threatening a veto, but the House may spare
The provision expires next month; both parties
him the trouble. For lack of funds as well as lack of
want to extend it through the election. But the
enthusiasm for urban causes, it is said to be likely
Democrats also want to strengthen the underly-
to cut back the conference report to about $500
ing system to make such emergency provisions
million in extra money for summer jobs to which
unnecessary in the future. The president objects
the administration would apparently agree. If that's
to both the restructuring and the tax increases
how it turns out, the summer jobs money should
with which they would finance the bill; here again
become available-by about midsummer.
he has threatened a veto. They are playing a
As to a longer-range bill, the White House and
game of chicken with the unemployed; that's
Democrats are still negotiating. The president's
about what they're doing with the cities as well.
une washington post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Hobart Rowen
'Revisiting' His Economic Policy
NEW YORK-Gov. Bill Clinton is
markets arbitrarily, I would like to see
Clinton says he is a "pragmatist" and
giving up on a middle-income tax cut,
us control health care costs in the
his number one economic proposal
"iconoclast" who believes in free trade,
manufacturing sector
and [create]
in principle, and at the same time sees
during the Democratic primaries, and
a tax system that has an investment
instead has adopted the need for
the practical need for the government
tax credit and doesn't have incentives
greater public and private investment
for moving jobs overseas."
to help key industries compete with
as the central theme of his new eco-
Germany and Japan. "There is a time
He implied, without saying it in SO
nomic strategy.
many words, that he had floated the
to get tough and be tough, but we can-
"We need to grow this economy
middle-income tax cut idea during the
not use that as an excuse not to do
there's never going to be a balanced
New Hampshire primary at the low
what we need to do," Clinton said.
budget at present growth rates," he
point of the recession, and that with
I asked Clinton if he were not "try-
said. In turn, he argues, boosted eco-
the economy moving up, however
ing to carry water on both shoulders."
nomic growth should enhance Ameri-
slowly, tax relief for middle-income
I reminded him, for example, that he
ca's ability to compete with Europe
taxpayers, while still desirable, no lon-
said in a recent speech at the Wharton
and Japan.
ger is a top priority.
School in Philadelphia that "protection-
The Democratic presidential candi-
This is a mature judgment and
ism is just a fancy word for giving up."
date revealed his plans to stress invest-
shows Clinton to be increasingly sure-
Yet, in the same speech, he proposed a
ment over consumption as he relaxed in
footed on economic issues-and prag-
civilian R&D agency financed by the
the back seat of his limousine for a one-
matic as well, because he needs the
government to pay for research in a
on-one interview that dealt exclusively
support of Paul Tsongas, who knew
"few dozen strategic technologies," a
with economic and trade issues.
from the start that a tax break for
tactic some challenge as a fruitless
"I'm going to have to at least modify
middle-income families was a bad idea.
government effort to pick and deter-
but not abandon my position [on the
Tsongas still hasn't endorsed Clinton
mine "winners and losers."
middle income tax cut], and I'm still
but is more likely to do so now.
working on it," Clinton said. Since the
Clinton did not answer my question
Clinton said in the interview he would
definitively. Here is what he said:
final primary in California, he has been
address the longer-term difficulties of
"revisiting" all of his earlier policy pro-
"I will always have a preference for
the economy by turning to tax breaks to
posals, "based on what I have learned,
stimulate greater investment in the na-
free trade. I'm always going to be work-
or on changed circumstances."
tion's manufacturing industries, and by
ing for expanded trade, but I'm going to
His new economic strategy would
spending more on "infrastructure"-
be doing it with a view toward maintain-
also include a closer government part-
roads, bridges and the like.
ing a competitive, high-wage economy
nership with industry to maintain what
Moreover, Clinton is now commit-
in America and integrating other coun-
he calls a "competitive, high-wage"
ted to economic growth as the nation's
tries in a pattern of growth
manufacturing base.
top economic priority, relegating the
"The world needs to know that
Yet, he flatly rejects the baldest of
budget deficit to secondary status, as
America is serious about us being an
protectionist proposals-House Majori-
it should be, behind getting the econo-
exporting power and about opening
ty Leader Richard Gephardt's current
my out of the stagnation of the Bush
markets, and before we adopt protec-
legislation that would put a cap on the
years.
tionist strategies, we must do every-
number of cars Japan can sell in the
On the other hand, the Arkansas
thing we can do to meet the competi-
United States, whether produced in Ja-
governor is straddling the free trade
tion on our own terms."
pan or in its transplant factories here. "I
VS. protectionism issue. On these ques-
He thinks that in the past, America
don't think we ought to go that far now.
tions, he doesn't come off as con-
Before I get to that I want us to do
has not adequately fought back against
vincing, to me at least, although his
some basic things to develop a manufac-,
unfair foreign competition, "and we've
proposals for a form of interventionist
turing strategy in our own economy."
also too often given protection for noth-
meddling are highly respectable
In America, "before I start closing
ing in return, and that's not contributed
among some liberal Democrats.
to the competitiveness of our economy."
The Mushington Just
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
David S. Broder
Clinton's Gamble
With Jesse Jackson
Bill Clinton, running third in a three-
had lost the nomination fights to Walter
man presidential race less than a
Mondale and Michael Dukakis, Jackson
month before he formally claims the
did his best to hijack attention at the
Democratic presidential nomination,
Democratic National Convention.
has done what politicians do when they
In both years, Jackson forced the
find themselves in a losing situation.
nominees into protracted and highly
He has taken a big gamble.
publicized negotiations that left the im-
Last Saturday, he publicly and delib-
pression that he was calling the tune.
erately picked a fight with Jesse L.
Although he was denied the vice presi-
Jackson, the two-time contender for
dential nomination, Jackson squeezed
the party nomination, de facto leader
the nominees for other concessions-
of the Democratic Party's left-wing
to say nothing of prime-time television
and most prominent national figure in
appearances that almost overshad-
the African American community that
owed the later acceptance speeches.
has been the Democrats' most loyal
This year, Clinton sent a clear signal
voting base.
that not only will he not allow Jackson
The specific target of Clinton's criti-
to steal the Democratic convention
cism, when he appeared Saturday be-
spotlight, but he, Clinton, is prepared
fore Jackson's Rainbow Coalition in
to play hardball on Jackson's home
Washington, was the rap singer Sister
turf. The Sister Souljah interview ap-
peared in The Post on May 13, and,
according to aides, Clinton was upset
by her words when he first read them.
The meeting was
But he held off commenting until he
was before Jackson's group.
used to show the
For his part, Jackson sees it as a
part of a pattern of provocations by
candidate's
Clinton-including the refusal of the
Democratic Leadership Council to in-
independence.
vite Jackson to speak to its convention
last year when Clinton was its chair-
man and Clinton's emotional denuncia-
Souljah, who had been invited by Jack-
son to participate in a panel discussion
tion of Jackson four months ago at
what turned out to be a false report
at the convention despite the contro-
that Jackson had endorsed Sen. Tom
versy about her comments after the
Harkin of Iowa for the nomination.
Los Angeles riots.
The entertainer had told The Post in
The gamble Clinton is taking is that
more white Americans will be im-
an interview then that if "black people
pressed by his "standing up" to Jackson
kill black people every day, why not
than black Americans are repelled by
have a week and kill white people?"
his "disrespect" to the Rainbow Coali-
Clinton said that comment and others
tion leader. Yesterday, while Jackson
in the same vein she made in TV inter-
himself was trying to damp down the
views showed the rap singer was "filled
controversy, Sister Souljah held a
with hate" and questioned Jackson's
news conference to denounce Clinton.
wisdom in including her in the panel dis-
Democrats cannot win without a big
cussion with other young people.
and solid black vote, but black votes
Jackson was thoroughly indignant,
alone are obviously not enough.
and two days later, in a phone inter-
Among former Mondale and Dukakis
view, he was still steaming. "He was in-
aides, it is an article of faith that these
vited to our house as a guest, and he
candidates were badly damaged by the
used the platform to
embarrass us,"
perception white voters got that Jack-
Jackson complained. As Jackson plainly
son was jerking their chains. But no
recognized, Clinton had seized the op-
one can prove how many votes that ac-
portunity to talk past the predominantly
tually cost them.
black audience in the room and deliver a
Meantime, the black vote is at the
message to white America about his re-
heart of the Democratic electoral strat-
lationship with Jackson. "I invited him to
egy-particularly in a three-way race
promote unity," Jackson said, "but he
where southern states with large black
came to establish distance."
populations may become real battle-
On the latter point, Jackson is clearly
grounds. During the primaries, Clinton
correct. The intent was obvious and had
carried most black precincts, but the
been signaled in advance by top Clinton
turnout was pitiably small in most plac-
aides who told reporters that the meet-
es.
ing with the Rainbow Coalition would be
Privately, many black elected offi-
used to show Clinton's "independence."
cials have encouraged Clinton to rely
As a tactic, it can easily be defended.
on them and their organizations-
Sister Souljah's words were provocative
rather than on Jackson-to rally black
and demagogic. As he has in the past,
voters in November. How well they
with Louis Farrakhan, Jackson finds
can deliver remains to be seen. And if
himself in a morally weak position. He
black voters turn against Clinton be-
will not defend her sentiments, but nei-
cause of his stance toward Jackson, the
ther will he condemn them.
gamble could look even bigger.
Some would say, too, that Clinton
But when you're running where
was giving Jackson a taste of his own
Clinton is today, you almost have to
medicine. In 1984 and 1988, after he
take real risks.
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak
Tempest in the Ranks
The question of where Bill Clinton
wife and his shrewdest political strate-
tempest in the teapot is the place
quartet who threatened resignation but
convention. But Hillary vetoed it, and
is heading remains unanswered five
gist appear to be on opposite sides.
where Thomases stands on the ideo-
also, according to staffers, by chief cam-
the governor agreed. Anybody who
months before the election, accounting
These crosscurrents were exposed
logical spectrum. Her parents are well-
paign strategist James Carville. They
wants day-to-day influence over this
for the turmoil at his Little Rock cam-
when a national survey to be conduct-
known in New Jersey Democratic poli-
regard Thomases and her political ally,
campaign will have to take up resi-
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
paign headquarters when a poll that
ed by Clinton's resident pollster Stan
tics as generous contributors, and she
New York leftist Democrat Harold Ick-
dence in the capital of Arkansas.
had been ordered was canceled.
Greenberg was peremptorily canceled
is regarded by the state's old-line
es Jr. (named as Clinton's convention
Senior staffers opposing this action
That worries Democrats who pray
by a woman named Susan Thomases, a
Democrats as "extreme left."
manager), as pursuing a 40 percent
threatened resignation, which would
Washington-based member of a New
that their presidential candidate will
She has not hesitated to use her
strategy that clouds any chance for vic-
seem an overblown response to a rou-
York City law firm who plays a preemi-
new authority in the Clinton campaign
tory. One staffer told us Thomases is
follow his strategist and not his wife.
tine campaign decision. The greater is-
nent backstage role in the Clinton
fronting for "the crowd that wants to
They were cheered when, speaking to
sue is what kind of campaign will be
campaign. Greenberg then submitted
to pursue old struggles. Rep. Robert
put every liberal package in our shop-
Jesse Jackson's Rainbow Coalition,
conducted. Should Clinton take advan-
his resignation, and campaign manager
Torricelli was recommended by the
ping cart" now that Perot is in the race.
Clinton audaciously attacked Sister
tage of the three-way race for president
David Wilhelm said he would quit too.
House Democratic leadership to be
Thomases would be considered a
Souljah's black racism. But they
to target core Democrats and ensure 40
According to campaign sources, Eli Se-
chairman of the national convention's
poor match for Carville and indeed un-
groaned when he expressed interest in
percent of the vote? Or should he cast
gal (who runs the campaign day to day
rules committee. But he is an enemy
likely to influence Clinton had she not
calling her to discuss the issue.
the broadest net and seek 51 percent?
in Little Rock) and communications di-
of the Thomases family, and Susan's
secured a firm ally inside the campaign
He embarked on a strategy to run
No decision comes yet from the can-
rector George Stephanapolous also
mother was among the liberal activists
in Hillary Clinton. The candidate's wife,
against Congress that Speaker Thom-
didate himself. Clinton began his cam-
threatened to leave.
who picketed Torricelli's home last
a militant feminist and advocate of chil-
as Foley attributes to Carville but then
paign by approximating the centrist
The campaign officially denies every-
year because of his support for Opera-
dren's rights, is no centrist.
took New York Gov. Mario Cuomo's
politics of Scoop Jackson, clinched the
thing, though one senior figure told us
tion Desert Storm. The daughter, act-
And nobody doubts her authority. It
advice to try to make a deal with the
nomination by imitating Fritz Mondale
Greenberg's resignation "was just a way
ing in Clinton's behalf, went to Nation-
had been assumed that in the interest
lawmakers. Fighting over which way
in his embrace of liberal pressure
of dramatizing his displeasure." At any
al Chairman Ron Brown to nix the
of convenience and efficiency, cam-
the candidate will go makes for tem-
groups and now denies any internal
rate, all are still on board.
congressman for the rules job.
paign headquarters would move to
pests inside his campaign.
conflict. The complication is that his
The reason this is more than just a
Thomases is detested not only by the
Washington from Little Rock after the
© 1992, Creators Syndicate Inc.
Robert H. Williams
Two Scoops Shy
The day was Monday, June 19, 1972, and I
toward helping me make my rent that month
pher, and asked a friend if he'd like to go
going to send 16 men out into the cold with little
was at police headquarters in the District of
than a story about a third-rate burglary caper
along-with the idea of stopping for a sudsy
rugs of Dynel to keep them warm, or that 16
Columbia. The officer I had come to interview
that hadn't gone anywhere. I hadn't paid much
aperitif somewhere along one boulevard or an-
'had put me on ice in an office he'd borrowed for
Secret Service men are going to look even more
attention to the story anyway, and the names he
other on a hot August afternoon in 1970.
alike than usual; but the staff remains sworn to
a few minutes while he went to answer increas-
was mentioning didn't mean anything to me.
Now you will recall that one of the Watergate
ingly frequent calls from his boss. My eyes fell
secrecy, and all you know for sure is that the
I asked the rape victim what her name was, and
players, E. Howard Hunt, was to show up in 1972
on the material scattered randomly, it appeared,
government man joined the growing numbers of
she said it was Ann Arbor, which, in my midlife
as having worn what was described as "an ill-fitting
across the desk. There were maps, road maps,
Washingtonians who are buying up stretch wigs
naivete, I wrote in my notebook and later in the
red wig" as part of a disguise furnished by the CIA.
one of West Virginia with a route marked in red
faster than craftsmen in Hong Kong and Canal
story I turned in for the magazine. The editor took
It was the sort of episode one came to expect as
through the middle of it, and dozens of other
Street can make them."
it out and looked at me oddly. I was running real
the whole business of the White House Plumbers
pieces of paper, some of them in plastic bags.
hot that day in the journalism game.
I guess Howard Hunt's suppliers had to get
came to light during that time. Nobody ever asked
Don G. Cherry had been the acting sergeant
This wasn't my first brush with the shenani-
their wigs someplace. But it turned out it wasn't
where this red wig (it was really brown, according
at the scene of a break-in at the Watergate over
gans of the White House that Richard M. Nixon
to some testimony) and its companions came from,
going to be at Woodie's, at least not at the
Saturday night, and the stuff he had collected at
ran, and it wasn't my first miss, either.
except that Richard Helms, who had been director
downtown store.
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
the scene was there in front of me. I sorted
My earliest encounter with the Watergate
of the CIA, testified one afternoon with a smile that
My story appeared on a weekend, as I recall,
through it, without a lot of interest. There
story preceded the event by almost two years,
it would not be like the CIA to supply anything that
on a Saturday or maybe Sunday, and a day or
weren't any pictures. I remember yawning.
and nobody knew it then nor has it been
could be called "ill-fitting."
two later my friend, who'd gone along in the
I'd been asked by the editor of The Washington
mentioned since, until now. Having a wonderful-
At Woodie's, though, in the summer of 1970,
spirit of adventure, called the wig saleswoman
Post Magazine to do a story on Cherry, an 11-year
ly marred journalistic hindsight (I knew Jones-
we took before-and-after pictures and tried on
with the idea of asking her out.
veteran of the police force who was also an artist
town was a great story several days after it
the wigs, one of which was called the "Pan," and
"You've got a lot of nerve calling me, you
and who had an uncanny way of drawing suspects
broke), it took me two decades to realize what a
the friend I'd asked along hit on the sales clerk,
[expletive deleted]!" she snarled at him.
whom he'd never seen just by interviewing wit-
hot property I had here in this wig story, and I,
an attractive woman, and somehow got her
He of course protested, and she got specific,
nesses and victims. He was almost psychic.
will withhold it from you no longer.
telephone number.
and grim:
Between calls from his increasingly anxious
It was an earlier time. President Nixon had
Having some journalistic skills, I interviewed
"I told you not to put that in about the
chief, he returned to me, and eventually we
been in the White House a year and a half, and I
that clerk and another, making two sources for
government men, and first thing Monday morn-
went in to interview a rape victim whose assail-
had been in the Style section of The Post for a
the story, and got enough of an interesting angle
ing the guy brought back all 16 of the wigs, he
ant he was going to sketch from details she
year when Elsie Carper, or maybe it was Henry
to write these two paragraphs as my lead:
would provide. She had agreed to let me sit in
was [expletive deleted] as [expletive deleted],
Mitchell, asked me if I'd like to go over to
"On a recent warm summer day a United
and there went my commission!"
on the interview. As we talked, walking down
Woodie's and do a story about a new line of
States government official rode the escalator to
the hall, Officer Cherry babbled constantly
And there went my career. But I didn't know
men's Dynel wigs just in from Hong Kong (one
a downtown store, bought 16 men's wigs for
about what had happened the previous Saturday
it until yesterday.
size fits all). Being an editor and not a reporter,
$720, swore the staff to secrecy, and returned
night, June 17, but I was interested in this
I did not have the option of declining the
to wherever it was he had started.
The writer is an assistant news editor of The
magazine story, which would go a lot farther
assignment, so I picked up Ken Feil, a photogra-
"You may like to speculate that the CIA is
Post.
The Mushington Post
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Robert P. Charrow
And Joseph Onek
The Most
As a result, both Bush and Clinton
Expensive
would be free to accept large donations
from corporations, labor unions, wealthy
individuals and possibly even foreign
Election
nationals. Furthermore, wealthy institu-
tions and individuals would be free to
underwrite media campaigns on their
own. Without the limitations of our cam-
Of All
paign finance laws, the process of select-
ing the next president could easily de-
generate to pre-Watergate standards,
giving the rich and powerful the untram-
Unnoticed among all the crystal ball
meled opportunity to purchase political
gazing about Ross Perot and the elector-
favors.
al college is one deceptively simple issue
The ramifications of treating the
that may have as much impact on the
House action as a non-election tran-
possible House action as all the arcane
scend campaign finance laws. The rules
intricacies of the 12th Amendment: Is
governing access to television and radio
the House's selection of a president an
are also keyed to the existence of an
"election" for purposes of the statutory
"election." Under the Communications
and regulatory restrictions that normal-
Act of 1934, broadcasters cannot
ly govern campaigns for federal office?
charge candidates more than they
To put the issue in context, there
charge their best customers. This statu-
would be a two-month hiatus between
tory discount, though, ends with the
the general election in November and
general election on Nov. 3. Thereafter,
the House action in early January. Dur-
the broadcaster is free to charge what-
ing this period the candidates and their
ever the market will bear, thereby
supporters would not be sitting by idly.
placing an even greater premium on
They would undoubtedly unleash a mas-
raising large sums of cash.
sive campaign unprecedented in our na-
If the 12th Amendment's process for
tion's history. Some of these efforts
selecting a president is not an "election"
might involve behind-the-scenes wheel-
for many regulatory purposes, then
ing and dealing of an intensity that would
what is it, and what restrictions, if any,
make traditional pork-barreling seem
apply? At best, it would appear that the
saintly. Other efforts might involve me-
campaign leading up to the final House
dia blitzes of the type that normally dog
action is, as a matter of law, little more
the airwaves during major campaigns.
than good old-fashioned lobbying. And
Whatever the ultimate tenor of these
lobbying is subject to relatively few
efforts, one thing is certain-vast sums
restrictions. A paid lobbyist must regis-
of money would be needed. Perot al-
ter with the clerk of the House and
ready has his war chest, but what about
divulge on whose behalf he is operating
George Bush and Bill Clinton?
and how much he or she is spending.
The ease with which either candidate
These requirements fall far short of the
can raise and spend money will turn on
type of protections and openness afford-
whether the November-December race
ed by campaign finance laws.
to the White House is an "election." The
The mere possibility that the real
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971,
campaign for president will be surrep-
as amended, bans contributions by cor-
titiously funded by unlimited donations
porations, labor unions and foreign na-
from corporations, labor unions and
tionals, limits individual contributions to
high-rollers should be disquieting to
$1,000 per election per candidate, re-
most Americans. Congress and the
quires candidates to publicly disclose
White House could seek legislation that
contributions from a single source in
would extend the normal election laws
excess of $200 and mandates that cam-
to cover the process of selecting a
paign advertisements indicate the orga-
president and vice president under the
nization that paid for the ad. That law,
12th Amendment. But it is unlikely that
however, only applies to payments made
they will, because those laws would
for the purpose of influencing a federal
place greater restrictions on Bush and
election. The possibility that a presiden-
Clinton than on Perot.
tial contest would be thrown to the
The FEC may be asked to redefine
House was never considered when Con-
the term "election" to fill the legal void,
gress enacted the law.
but it is unlikely that that commission,
Instead, the law defines "election"
consisting of three Democrats and three
somewhat circularly to mean "a general,
Republicans, would take any action that
special, primary, or runoff election."
would handicap the standard bearers of
Would House action, under the 12th
the two major parties. In short, if the
Amendment, qualify as either a "special
12th Amendment comes into play, get
or runoff election?" Probably not, accord-
ready for the most expensive "selection"
ing to the Federal Election Commission,
that money can buy.
the agency charged with enforcing our
campaign finance laws. The FEC's regu-
The writers are Washington
lations provide that a special election is
attorneys.
one held to fill a vacancy in a federal
office. Since the House would select the
next president about two weeks before
Bush's current term ends, there would be
no vacancy. Thus the House action is not
a "special election." A runoff election is
defined as one that is governed by state
law, which is not the case here. In short,
our fundamental campaign finance laws
would probably not apply.
The New York Times
Copyright © 1902 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
BUSH AND YELTSIN AGREE TO CUT
LONG-RANGE ATOMIC WARHEADS;
SCRAP KEY LAND-BASED MISSILES
ACCORD AT SUMMIT
Moscow Agrees to Yield
Most Potent Weapons
in Nuclear Arsenal
By MICHAEL WINES
Specialto The New York Times
WASHINGTON, June 16 - President
Bush and President Boris N. Yeltsm
announced an agreement today that
not only sharply reduces their stocks of
long-range-missile warheads, but also
eliminates all multiple-warhead mis-
siles based on land, the core of the old
Soviet Union's nuclear arsenal.
The accord was announced by the
leaders in the White House Rose Gar-
den just hours after Mr. Yeltsin began
the first state visit to Washington by a
Russian President. It must still be
translated into a formal treaty, which
United States officials said could-be
done within three months, then ap-
proved by the United States Senate and
the Russian Parliament.
"With this agreement," Mr. Bush
told reporters, "the nuclear nightmare
recedes more and more for ourselves,
for our children and for our grandchil-
dren.' [Excerpts from Mr. Bush's and
Mr. Yeltsin's remarks, page A10.)
The Target Date Is 2003
The accord requires each nation to
reduce Its nuclear force to between
3,000 and 3,500 warheads in two phases
by no later than 2003, and by 2000 if the
United States helps Russia to destroy
its arms system.
The two nations together currently
control about 22,500 warheads. Under a
treaty that Mr. Bush and the former
Boris N. Yeltsin yesterday with President Bush, Barbara Bush and Mr. Bush's dog, Ranger.
Soviet leader, Mikhail S. Gorbachev,
negotiated in 1991 but which is only now
being implemented, the United States
arsenal was to be reduced to 8,500
Following Up P.O.W. Report
warheads and Russia's to about 6,900.
The President said that he would
Mr. Bush and Mr. Yeltsin also
immediately dispatch Malcolm Toon, a
agreed today to pursue indications in
former United States Ambassador to
newly examined Soviet records that
Moscow, to Russia to pursue the re-
some American prisoners from the
ports. Mr. Toon and an adviser to Mr.
Vietnam War may have been trans-
Yeltsin, Dmitri Volkogonov, head a
fered to the Soviet Union, and could
joint committee seeking to locate both
still be held captive In Russia. But Mr.
Russian and American service person-
Yeltsin stressed that the prospect was
nel missing in conflicts that involved
merely "possible," and Mr. Bush said
the two superpowers.
the United States had no independent
While the cuts in nuclear warheads
proof that Mr. Yeltsin's assessment is
are dramatic, arms-control analysts
valid or that any Americans were still
said that the mix of weapons created
alive..
under the agreement is equally signifi-
cant.
The accord would effectively wipe
out the centerpiece of the Russian ar-
senal, its land-based missile force,
while preserving much of the sea-
based force that United States military
Continued on Page A10, Column I
U.S. and Russia to Halve
Arsenals of Nuclear Arms
mini
HAM
Continued From Page AI
may all COST -
foreign-policy achievement at a time
when his global stature and his politi-
strategists consider this nation's great
cal popularity have been ebbing ever
strength.
lower.
The United States would cut the
Mr. Yeltsin described the accord as
number of its submarine-launched
tangible evidence of the "partnership
missile warheads to 1,750, from 3,840;
and friendship" between Washington
while this is a 50 percent reduction, it
and Moscow.
still allows the United States a poten-
"We know one thing," he sald. "We
tially devastating force at sea.
shall not fight against each other."
The Russian concessions on land-
Asked how the two leaders had
based missiles, which Mr. Yeltsin said
achieved an accord that seemed un-
last week would give the United States
likely only hours before, a United
an unacceptable advantage, appeared
States official replied: "Hard work.
to be driven by his urgent need to
Would you believe It? And a strong
secure economic aid to help prop up the
sense on both sides that it was a real
faltering Russian economy and to cut
chance, an historic opportunity, and
his own military expenditures.
that a maximum effort should be made
Mr. Yeltsin called the accord "an
on both sides."
unparalleled and probably unexpected
thing for you and the whole world," and
Today's announcement triggered
Indeed, as early as this morning, offi-
speculation that Mr. Bush had lured
Mr. Yeltsin into a nuclear accord with
clals in Washington said they were not
sure when an accord would be reached.
promises of further or quicker econom-
Mr. Bush has spoken out more force-
Ic ald. "I honestly don't believe that
fully in recent days In favor of a multi-
that was any part of his calculation," a
billion dollar aid package for Russia
senior official sald today of Mr. Bush.
Bush Optimistic on Ald
At briefings for reporters, Adminis-
As arms
tration officials sald that Mr. Bush
expressed optimism that the assist-
numbers fall, aid
ance would move quickly through the
Senate, perhaps this week, but that he
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
numbers, Yeltsin
also told Mr. Yeltsin that election-year
realities made the final prospects for
passage less certain.
Times
hopes, will rise.
Mr. Yeltsin was sald to have re-
The South Lawn was the scene yesterday for the official welcoming ceremony for President Boris N. Yeltsin, who began a two-day state visit.
sponded that he understood political
realities, and that back home in Mos-
and the International Monetary Fund
cow, his own were "brutal."
strategists, held to a level of about
5,000.
Quality of what is
Last September President Bush pro-
warheads and to allow the United
that has been stalled in Congress by
Today, however, all that was swept
posed deep cuts In nuclear missiles, to
States to keep some submarine-based
election-year concerns about support-
Into the background by an arms agree-
A compromise became possible in
to be cut counts
4,700 warheads each, provided that
multiple-warhead missiles; this would
Ing foreign aid, but the President has
ment that appeared, at least on paper,
part because the two sides agreed to
Moscow agreed to give up all of its
be done in two stages by 2005. But
The New York Times
not linked his comments to Russian
to dwarf its ancestors.
abandon a commanding tenet of arms
land-based, multiple-warhead ballistic
Moscow wanted to retain almost all of
cooperation on arms control.
control - the idea that both parties
the most.
missiles. The Kremlin countered with a
its ICBM's until the second stage.
The two-stage accord would cut the
should have parity in the numbers and
proposal that the two sides cut to 2,500
From then on, talks between Mr.
Some Pessimism Recently
number of nuclear weapons possessed
accuracy of their weapons.
warheads each, and that both nations
Baker and Mr. Kozyrev focused on how
United States officials had been hint-
by each nation first to a range of 3.800
As a practical matter, Russia will
give up their land-based and sea-
to Implement this understanding The
Ing for days that arms talks with the
to 4,250, then, by 2003, to 3,000 to 3,500.
probably maintain a smaller nuclear
Today's agreement was Ironed out in
launched multiple-warhead missiles.
The final level may be reached as soon
force of 3,000 to 3,200 warheads, offi-
When Secretary of State James A.
Americans wanted an earlier target
Russians were going slowly. That
horse-troding this afternoon between
raised the question of whether an
as 2000 if Washington can offer Mr.
cials and arms-control experts said
President Bush and President Yeltsin,
Baker 3d and Foreign Minister Andrel
date, and eventually they compro-
mised on 2003. The Russians wanted
agreement had suddenly fallen Into
Yeltsin additional assistance in de-
today, while the United States will keep
when the Russian leader finally agreed
V. Kozyrev met in Brussels on March
lower total warhead numbers, and the
place or Administration officials had
stroying missiles and warheads, offi-
the maximum of 3,500.
to destroy his multiple-warhead mis-
11, the Mr. Baker tried to persuade Mr.
been deliberately minimizing their
The explanation lies in the structure
siles by 2,003, as Washington had pro-
Kozyrev that given their new friend-
two sides eventually agreed on the
cials said.
range of 3,000 to 3,500.
progress. If progress was played down,
The target level for warheads effec-
of the agreement, which requires the
posed, after President Bush assured
ship, It was not necessary to maintain
it might have been to set the stage for a
tively splits the difference between the
abolition of most of Russia's largest
him that the United States will help pay
parity, with both sides giving up their
The last minute wrangling was over
public-relations coup at a two-day
most recent public proposals that Mr.
and most powerful nuclear force, its
for the destruction.
multiple-warheaded r missiles. The Rus-
how to pay for such rapid destruction
meeting that had promised to generate
Bush and Mr. Yeltsin made, on Feb. 1
based missiles. With that force
sians were not persuaded.
of nuclear weapons, how to count the
less news and electricity than the
during a brief meeting at the Presiden-
gone, Moscow would have to build new
The Path to an Accord
When Mr. Baker and Mr. Kozyrev
number of weapons that bombers
meetings between Mr. Gorbachev and
tial retreat In Camp David, Md. At that
missiles merely to reach parity with
The chronology of the negotiations,
met again In Lisbon In the middle of
would be allowed to carry and how to
Mr. Bush, and before him President
time, Mr. Yeltsin called for reductions
the United States. Mr. Yeltsin appar-
as outlined today by a senior Adminis-
May, the Russians for the first time
actually go about taking warheads off
Ronald Reagan.
to as few as 2,500 weapons, and Mr.
ently has concluded that that is both too
tration official, went something like
signaled a general willingness to ac-
missiles all of which were resolved
The announcement gave Mr. Bush a
Bush, heeding the pleas of Pentagon
expensive and unnecessary to pursue.
cept Washington's number of 4,700
in talks last night and this morning.
this:
The New Link Times
Copyright © 1992 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
A Bill to Ease Voter Registration
Clears House and Pressures Bush
By CLIFFORD KRAUSS
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, June 16 - Seeking
Speaker Thomas S. Foley of Washing-
higher voter turnout among the poor,
ton said today that for the President to
elderly and disabled, the Democratic-
veto the legislation while "we're selling
controlled House today overwhelming-
democracy around the world" would
ly approved a measure that would en-
make voters more cynical and ulti-
able all citizens to register to vote as
mately hurt the Republican Party.
they renew their driver's licenses and
apply for social services at govern-
"The President will have a heavy
ment agencies.
burden of blame and explanation if he
White House officials said they
vetoes this legislation," Mr. Foley add-
would advise President Bush to veto
ed.
the measure, which was approved by
Vulnerable to a Veto
the Senate in May. But it could be
The bill passed by 268 to 153, short of
politically risky for the President to
the two-thirds needed to override a
reject a measure that has the goal of
veto, with 239 Democrats joined by 28
encouraging more people to vote.
Republicans and 1 Independent in fa-
Democrats have threatened to make
vor of the bill. Only 18 Democrats voted
an election issue out of what they call
with 135 Republicans in opposition.
Republican attempts to restrict voting.
The Senate approval of the measure
on May 20 was six votes short of being
veto-proof.
The measure, known on Capitol Hill
as the "motor voter bill," would re-
place the potpourri of registration pro-
cedures that exists among the states.
Thirty states, including New York and
New Jersey, as well as the District of
Columbia, already have enacted regis-
tration rules that include some or all of
the bill's provisions. The Connecticut
legislature passed a "motor-voter" law
last month. It was signed by Gov. Low-
ell P. Weicker Jr. last week.
The bill passed today would require
all states to allow eligible citizens to
register at the same time they obtain
or renew their driver's, marriage,
hunting or fishing licenses. States,
would also have to offer voter registra-
tion by mail and at the offices of state
agencies like welfare and unemploy-
Continued on Page A23, Column 1
The New Lork Times
Copyright c 1992 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Error by Quayle Studiously Avoided
By EVELYN NIEVES
word spelled incorrectly, encourage
Special to The New York Times
him to add an E at the end.
first word, president. Mr. Quayle
William's mother, who had sched-
even made a joke, using it in this
TRENTON, June 16 - So Jay Leno
uled an interview with a television
sentence: "The President always
has a week's worth of new Dan
tells the Vice President what to do."
Quayle jokes. At a school here, every-
news team at 3 P.M., did not make the
Then "potato" came up. Mr.
one was quite hush-hush the day after
appointment. A note on the family's
Quayle instructed William to go to the
the visiting Vice President spelled
door said nobody was there because
of a family emergency in New York.
board. The bespectacled lad quickly
potato wrong while directing a spell-
printed P-O-T-A-T-O.
ing bee.
But the word locally was that she
"That's fine phonetically," the Vice
Students in the after-school pro-
was upset about quotation attributed
gram were lined up in the schoolyard
to William, a sixth grader at the Mott
President said, "but you're missing
just a little bit."
and told not to talk to milling report-
School, in a local tabloid newspaper,
ers. Counselors directed all questions
The Trentonian. The incident
With Mr. Quayle's coaxing, William
warily added an E.
to the Mayor's office. And the Mayor
"showed the rumors about the Vice
was out.
President are true - that he's an
Rumbling From Reporters
But that was beside the point. The
idiot," the newspaper quoted him as
That set off rumbling from the doz-
school where the after-school pro-
saying on Monday.
ens of reporters crammed into the
gram is held, the Luis Munoz Rivera
People here speculated that city
classroom. Several of them near the
Elementary School, was inundated
officials were nervous that the quota-
back of the room sought the nearest
with telephone calls today from re-
tion, and any further comment, might
reference, "The Rainbow Diction-
porters trying to follow up on Mr.
endanger the very program that
ary." to confirm that the standard
Quayle's gaffe.
brought the Vice President to the city
spelling of potato is without an E.
The principal, Nate Jones, said he
late Monday afternoon.
Questioned about it later at a news
spoke to reporters from England and
Program for Inner City
conference, Mr. Quayle said he was
Colombia, participated in a live
unaware of his error.
morning interview with a Chicago
The program, called "Weed and
Mr. Jones today tried to defend the
radio station and took a call from a
Seed," is an effort that provides tutor-
mistake. "I'm not an English per-
representative of the Potato Museum
ing and recreation from 3 P.M. to 9
son," he said, "but I've been told that
in Great Falls, Va.
P.M. for inner-city students at three
the word used to carry that spelling."
"Who knows what generates news
schools in drug-plagued areas whose
Caught during a break in classes
nowadays?" Mr. Jones said.
parents work.
this afternoon, William sounded a
Standing Outside House
After watching a drill team per-
more conciliatory note. He told an
form, Mr. Quayle entered a class-
Associated Press reporter that the
Reporters stood around today for
room with about 25 excited students,
Vice President "is an O.K..guy, but he
hours outside of the house where 12-
and began conducting a spelling bee.
needs to study."
year-old William Figueroa lives. He
The students had been drilled in ad-
has become a national celebrity for
vance on the words. Mr. Quayle, ap-
having spelled the word correctly on
parently, had not.
the blackboard, only to have Mr.
Given a stack of yellow cards, Mr.
Quayle, holding a flash card with the
Quayle and a student both spelled the
The New York Times
opyright © 1992 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
And Now, the Political Plowshares
Boost for Bush Campaign, but Will It Last?
Russians Greet Accord
With Joy and Remorse
By R. W. APPLE Jr.
Special to The New York Times
velt, and found an average jump of 8
By SERGE SCHMEMANN
WASHINGTON, June 16 - On the
percentage points, lasting an average
Special to The New York Times
face of it, the sweeping arms agree-
ment announced today by President
of 10 weeks, in Presidential approval.
MOSCOW, June 16 - Like so many
Bush and President Boris N. Yeltsin of
Sometime the increase has been big-
of the drastic changes taking place in
Russia seems precisely the kind of
ger. When the American hostages were
Russia, the agreement to sharply re-
political medicine Mr.
seized in Iran in November 1979, Jim-
duce the strategic arsenals of Russia
Bush needs.
my Carter's ratings jumped 19 points;
and the United States is likely to be
News
It displays Mr. Bush in
when the Vietnam peace agreements
welcomed for the new era
Analysis
his preferred role of ac-
were reached in January 1973, Richard
it heralds and resented for
News
complished international
M. Nixon gained 16 points. Mr. Bush's
the collapse of empire it
approval figure reached 89 percent, a:
Analysis
confirms.
negotiator and peacemaker, which
since the Persian Gulf war has been
record, after jumping 18 percent at the
The agreement an-
gradually eclipsed, in terms of public
onset of the air war in the gulf.
nounced by Presidents Bush and Boris
N. Yeltsin on the first full day of the
opinion, by concerns about health care,
Stressing the Negative
Russian leader's visit to Washington
jobs, education, the environment and
But the Democrats will do all they
seemed to come as a major surprise.
the credibility of politicians. Nuclear
can to re-emphasize George Bush's
None of the newspapers here had pre-
disarmament is obviously an easier
weak suit, domestic affairs. The Speak-
dicted it, and none of the evening news.
sell than sluggish economic growth.
er of the House, Representative Thom-
programs had any advance notice.
The historical record shows, further-
as S. Foley, Democrat of Washington,
Mr. Yeltsin seemed to relish the sur-
more, that Presidents who make major
said this evening that he doubted the
prise in his comments in the Rose
strides toward peace or who confront
House would approve further aid for
Garden, and it was evident that he
major world crises get political credit
Russia because of political instability
hoped to find political benefits in nucle-
for doing so. A study last year by the
there; he did not say, but other Demo-
ar reductions that went far beyond
Gallup Organization identified 42 "ral-
crats did, that their political interest
anything the old Soviet Union had ever
ly events," in which Presidents played
clearly lies in spending money at home,
achieved, and far more quickly.
such roles, in administrations stretch-
ing back to that of Franklin D. Roose-
Continued on Page All, Column 1
Mr. Yeltsin has made much in Inter-
views and speeches of the claim that he
is leading Russia into the fold of civi-
lized nations, and that he is capable of
matching and exceeding the rapport
that Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the last
Soviet leader, developed with the West.
Welcome News
For those Russians reared on the
fear of a nuclear clash of the superpow-
ers, and for those who have understood
that Russia can no longer afford the
sort of military expenditures that ulti-
mately bankrupted the Soviet Union,
the news was bound to be welcome.
But the treaty was equally certain to
Continued on Page All, Column 1
The New Loth Times
Copyright © 1992 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Russians Greet Accord
With Joy and Grumbling
Continued From Page Al
tification with power and empire.
Many residents of the former Soviet
Union, and especially those living in
meet with grumbling and disaffection
Russia, derived their sense of Identity
from that sizable portion of the popu-
from the scope and significance of
lace, especially in the older genera-
their nation, not their nationality.
tions, who chafe at the collapse of Sovi-
No ICBM's and Butter
et and Russian power and influence.
At the tip of the iceberg were several
Even today many Russians take for
hundred Russian ultra-nationalists and
granted that Russia has a say in the
Middle East or in Yugoslavia. Mr. Yel-
Communist die-hards who gathered
tsin himself argued in an interview last
around the television tower at Ostan-
week that Russia was a great power if
kino tonight denouncing Mr. Yeltsin as
only by virtue of its history.
a Judas for "selling out" Russia.
Thus even those Russians who recog-
The decision was also likely to go
nize the wisdom and advantage of the
down badly with the military. The
arms deal are likely to feel a tinge of
agreement reached in Washington ap-
remorse if they perceive that Russia is
peared to give the United States exact-
ly the advantage that Mr. Yeltsin had
surrendering its power. Such feelings
were likely to be exacerbated by Mr.
told the military last week he opposed.
Yeltsin's comment that with half of
As described by the two Presidents,
the agreement called for the elimina-
Russia living below the poverty line it
could simply not afford a large arsenal.
tion of multiple-warhead land-based in-
Men like Georgy Arbatov, the head
of the Moscow Government's U.S.A.
Institute, have become increasingly
Even supporters
bitter in public over the perception that
Russia is destroying itself by aping
Western ways. Mr. Arbatov and like-
of the arms deal
minded Russians have focused much of
their Irritation at the International
may feel a tinge
Monetary Fund, which is perceived by
many Russians to be making demands
of remorse.
that would plunge Russia even further
into poverty.
Mr. Yeltsin is obviously aware of
such criticism, and he has declared
tercontinental missiles, which are the
that he would not allow the I.M.F. to
backbone of the old Soviet nuclear ar-
"dictate" to Russia, just as he declared
senal, but allowed the survival of multi-
last week that he would not allow the
ple-warhead sea-launched interconti-
United States an "advantage" in arms
nental missiles, which are the United
talks.
States' major nuclear strength.
No Measure of Greatness
Assailed Similar Proposal
Thus the trip to Washington and the
But precisely such a deal was as-
arms agreement carry considerable
salled by Mr. Yeltsin only last Wednes-
political risks for Mr. Yeltsin. He is
day in remarks at the Russian Defense
likely to parry, as he already has, by
Ministry, where he supported contin-
noting that his warm reception in
ued nuclear parity and accused the
Washington is in itself a recognition of
United States of seeking "a more ad-
Russia's status, and that missiles are
vantageous position."
no longer the true measure of a na-
His remarks were not reported in
tion's greatness.
detail in the press here. But unless Mr.
Ultimately, the success or failure of
Yeltsin could convince military offi-
Mr. Yeltsin's first major presidential
cers that he had found other means of
foray to the United States will be deter-
securing parity, he was likely to come
mined by the success or failure of his
under criticism for unilaterally surren-
reforms.
dering one of Moscow's major
If the perception forms that the re-
strengths.
forms are bearing fruit, and especially
The obvious counter to such argu-
if the West does come through with the
ments - that the survivors of a disinte-
mooted multi-billion assistance pack-
grated and bankrupt Soviet Union have
age, the summit and the arms agree-
no logical claim to demand parity with
ments will come to be seen as major
the major Western power - is not
milestones in the forging of normal
heard in a nation that has not yet
East-West relations.
become accustomed to the loss of
If things go badly, Mr. Yeltsin's polit-
might.
ical opponents from the "national-pa-
A great many Russians, even those
triotic" camp are likely to focus on the
who normally regard themselves as
summit as an example of the Presi-
liberal, democratic and enlightened,
dent's kowtowing to the West at the
have had difficulties shedding the iden-
expense of his people.
The New York Times
Copyright © 1992 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Campaign Boost for Bush
Continued From Page Al
mont, chairman of the Subcommittee
on Foreign Operations, commented, "I
not abroad.
think it should help. I think the major-
The political fallout of the Yeltsin
ity in the Senate are predisposed to
visit is also complicated by the possi-
help. It would be a shame if because of
bility that Americans taken prisoner in
the prisoner-of-war aspect defeat was
Vietnam might have been shipped to
snatched from the jaws of victory."
Russia and imprisoned, and that some
Foreign-Affairs Appeal
might still be in labor camps.
Mr. Bush has been trying to play the
A whole series of other caveats must
foreign-policy card, without conspicu-
be applied to any suggestion that to-
ous success, since he began his re-
day's agreement could represent a
election campaign in January.
turning point in what has been a dismal
He used television commercials in
campaign for the President.
New Hampshire that extolled his role
First and most obviously, the elec-
in the gulf victory and attacked his
tion is in November, not June, and
Republican rival, Patrick J. Buchanan,
other events at home and abroad will
as a reluctant warrior. Only Monday, in
arise to capture the electorate's atten-
an appearance on CNN before the
tion. Only rarely is a foreign-policy
arms-control agreement was reached,
event so riveting that it swings large
the President all but begged voters to
numbers of votes months later, as the
reward him for his foreign policy.
war for the Falkland Islands in 1982
"I hope they know I stand for world
apparently did in the British general
peace," he said. "I hope every mother
election of 1983, when Margaret
and dad out there says, 'Hey, we ough
Thatcher won a decisive victory.
to give this President a little credit for
the fact that our little kids don't worr
A Short-Term Gain
quite as much about nuclear war.' Isn'
"The President has had very little
that important? Isn't it important tha
good news to talk about for the last
because of Ronald Reagan and me, to
three months," said Peter Hart, a
large extent - and a lot of support is
Democratic poll-taker, strategist and
Congress - we've seen a crumbling 0
analyst, "and this will certainly help
our monolithic opponents, the Commu
him in the short term by pulling the
nists?"
spotlight back onto foreign affairs, the
Voters do credit Mr. Bush with for
one subject voters think he is best
eign-policy expertise; in the most re-
qualified to deal with.
cent New York Times/CBS News poll,
"But this is not like a war in the
taken in early May, he had a 47 percent
intensity of its impact, and people are
favorable, 42 percent unfavorable rat-
going to come back to the domestic
ing in that field. But his rating in han-
issues by the fall. It will still be an
dling the economy was so dreadful -
election about whether the government
18 percent favorable, 73 percent unfa-
works and solves our problems."
vorable - that it dragged his overall
In addition, a potential paradox lurks
standing into negative ground.
in the agreement to cut the two coun-,
tries' nuclear warheads by two-thirds:
if it takes effect, the possibility of nu-
clear confrontation between the two
Yeltsin
would be further reduced and, it could
be argued, so would the importance of
having an experienced hand on the
Reaches Out
nuclear trigger. Ross Perot and Gov.
Bill Clinton of Arkansas lack foreign-
Special to The New York Times
policy experience, but would that mat-
WASHINGTON, June 16 -
ter somuch to voters when the risk of
President Boris N. Yeltsin had
major conflagration appears slight?
more on his mind here than
arms control and economics: He
More to Spend at Home
also had a phone call to make -
Mr. Clinton, in particular, might also
to Cavendish, Vt., and the exiled
be able to argue that the further reduc-
writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.
tions in weaponry should make avail-
A spokesman for Mr. Solzheni-
able more money for the domestic pro-
tsyn said Mr. Yeltsin, whose call
grams that he has advocated without
had been expected, telephoned
always being able to describe precisely
on Monday evening and spoke to
how he would pay for them.
the writer for about 30 minutes.
Whether the arms agreement will
"They discussed serious mat-
help the President persuade a hitherto
ters," the spokesman said, with-
reluctant Congress to approve his aid
out elaborating.
package for Russia is also open to
Mr. Solzhenitsyn was exiled in
question, especially given the sensitiv-
1974 after being charged with
ities on Capitol Hill to the prisoner-of-
treason. Moscow dropped the
war issue. Until Mr. Yeltsin's disclo-
charge in September, meeting
sure that some Americans may still be
the condition the writer had set
held in Russian camps has been inves-
for his return, but he later indi-
tigated, said Senator John McCain, a
cated he wanted to finish his
Republican from Arizona, there will be
current writings before going
no approval for aid to Russia.
back.
Asked about the arms-control agree-
ment, Senator Patrick J. Leahy of Ver-
The New York Times
Copyright © 1992 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Reducing the Russian Arms Threat
By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN
Special to The New York Times
The Arsenals: How They Shrink
WASHINGTON, June 16 - The latest
Russian-American arms control agree-
Estimated number of warheads on long-range nuclear weapons.
ment not only reduces their total nucle-
ar arsenals from about 22,500 war-
11,602
heads to 7,000, but also does so in a way
10,877
United States
that eliminates the most threatening
Russian nuclear weapons while allow-
Former Sovlet Union
ing the United States to maintain its
most advanced missiles, American of-
ficials and arms control experts said
8,592
today.
"We are talking about a very good
6,940
deal," said Jack Mendelsohn, deputy
director of the Arms Control Associa-
tion. "On paper, it looks like the two
forces will be reduced equally, but in
fact the Russians will be giving up the
3,000
3,000
backbone of their arsenal - land-based
3,500
3,500
multiple warheaded missiles - while
we will be retaining the area of our
greatest strength, sea-based ballistic
missiles."
American officials and experts said
that the agreement reached by Presi-
dent Bush and President Boris N. Yel-
tsin will fundamentally reshape the
nuclear standoff that has existed be-
1991 Levels
After Start Treaty
Yesterday's
tween the United States and the former
(mid- to late 90's)
Agreement
Soviet Union since the beginning of the
Sources: Arms Control Association: Associated Prese
(by 2003)
cold war.
Reducing Chances of War
The New York Times
They said that the proposed treaty
would eliminate those nuclear weapons
In other words, while the Russians
Instead of one-third. In return, though,
that both sides would most likely have
will be relinquishing their most power-
he got the long-standing goal of a total
used in a pre-emptive first strike and to
ful missiles, the United States will
ban on Russia's most dangerous multi-
leave them each with those nuclear
merely be thinning out their most so-
ple-warhead land-based missiles.
weapons that they would only likely use
phisticated missiles.
in a retaliatory strike. In other words,
As a result of this proposed treaty
Praised by Biden
the proposed treaty should radically
the American nuclear triad of land-
"I commend the President for his
reduce the possibility of a nuclear war
based missiles, sea-launched missiles
decision to trade cuts in U.S. strategic
- no matter who is in power in the
and bombers will be radically restruc-
arms at sea for a ban on Russia's most,
Kremlin or Washington.
tured. Instead of having American nu-
dangerous weapons on land," said Sen-
Beyond that, the sheer number of
clear weapons based equally on the
ator Joseph R. Biden, the Delaware
warheads both sides will possess is
three legs of that triad, the United
Democrat whose subcommittee over-
going to be cut drastically, far below
States would have a lot of nuclear
sees many arms control issues. "By
the levels just agreed to in the recently
weapons on its submarines, a lot on its
focusing on eliminating as many nucle-
signed strategic arms reduction treaty.
bombers, and relatively few on land-
ar weapons as possible in the former
At a time of great instability inside
based missiles.
Soviet Union, and as fast as possible,
Russia, the sooner the number of war-
Submarine-Based Missiles
the President has struck what may be
1
heads there is reduced the better, the
the best deal in the history of arms
analysts agreed.
"What this treaty does is remove the
control. The next step is to call on the
Russia and the United States now
weapons that are most dangerous, the
British, the French and the Chinese to
have about 22,500 warheads altogether.
ones most likely to lead to a pre-emp-
freeze their arsenals at a few hundred
After the Start treaty, they would have
tive strike - their SS-18's and our
weapons each in exchange for a further
a
gone down to about 15,000 warheads
MX's," said James T. Bush, associate
cut by Washington and Moscow down
1
f
altogether. Under the new accord, they
to a ceiling not higher than 1,000 war-
would be reducing to about 7,000 war-
heads each."
heads, or roughly 3,500 each.
In his remarks today, Mr. Yeltsin
the mix of warheads is as impor-
tant as the total. Russia's most potent
U.S. to keep its
alluded to two principal attractions of
the deal from the Russian perspective.
and sophisticated missiles - the 10-
top missiles; both
One was his desire to give, as he put it,
warheaded SS-18's and SS-24's - are
tangible "expression of the fundamen-
based in fixed silos on land. Many
tal change in the political and economic
traditional arms control experts con-
sides lose first-
relations between the United States of
sidered these the most dangerous and
America and Russia.' Without such an
destabilizing weapons. Because these
strike power.
expression he seemed unlikely to get
missiles could carry so many powerful
the economic aid he wants from the
warheads, the United States would al-
United States Congress.
ways be tempted to strike first in order
But equally important was the fact
to knock them out before they could be
director of the Center for Defense In-
that Russia simply could no longer
launched, and the Russians would al-
formation, an arms control monitoring
afford an arms race with the United
ways be tempted to launch them first
group.
States, which hardly could afford one
in any crisis, to avoid having them
either.
"Both sides will be left primarily
destroyed.
with submarine-based missiles, which
Mr. Yeltsin said: "We are departing
Reductions by 2003
are not accurate enough to provide a
from the ominous parity where each
first-strike capability, and bombers,
country was exerting every effort to
Under the new agreement, Mr. Yel-
which are so slow and easy to detect
stay in line; which has Russia, for
tsin and Mr. Bush have decided to give
that you don't have a first-strike capa-
instance, having half of its population
up all of their land-based multiple-war-
bility with them either,' Mr. Bush said.
living below the poverty line. We can-
head missiles in two phases by no later
"What you are left with essentially are
not afford it, and therefore we must
than the year 2003. For Mr. Yeltsin that
retaliatory forces on both sides, and
have minimum security level to deal
means his SS-18's and SS-24's, the pride
this greatly reduces the hair-trigger
with any possible eventuality which
of his arsenal, while for Mr. Bush it
environment that we lived in for so
might arise anywhere in the world and
means giving up 50 10-warheaded MX
long."
threaten our security."
missiles and stripping America's 500
While the proposed deal would seem
Minuteman III missiles from three
to favor the United States, President
warheads each down to one warhead
Bush also agreed to cut much deeper
each.
Armenia Reports Advances
than he was originally willing - both
But the United States' most ad-
the total number of warheads and sea-
vanced multiple-warhead nuclear
By Azerbaijan in Karabakh
based warheads in particular. The
White House Tries to Quiet Storm Over Court's Ruling on Right to Kidnap
Copyright © 1992 The New York Times
By NEIL A. LEWIS
America as "the Colossus of the North
partment would resort frequently to
In Canada, the spokesman for the
that does what it wants, that works its
kidnapping criminal suspects.
WASHINGTON, June 16 - The Bush
Ministry of External Affairs, Denys
own will unilaterally."
"As a matter of policy we prefer not
Administration moved today to assure
Mexico and other countries that it
Laliberte, said that "any attempt to
Another specialist, Andreas I.
to offend other countries," he said.
abduct someone from Canadian terri-
Lowenfeld, a law professor at New
"The circumstances in this case were
would respect their sovereignty in
tory is a criminal act."
York University who is a leading schol-
very unusual."
spite of a Supreme Court ruling Mon-
The Foreign Minister of Argentina,
ar on international kidnapping, said the
The Supreme Court ruled 6 to 3 that
day upholding the United States's right
Guido Di Tella, said in a reaction that
ruling meant that the United States
Humberto Álvarez Machian could be
to kidnap a criminal suspect without
echoed others from Latin America that
might itself be vulnerable to kidnap-
brought to trial in the United States,
following procedures set out in extradi-
if any kidnapping was carried out on
pings as long as extradition treaties
even though he was kidnapped from
tion treaties.
Following protests over the ruling by
Argentine soil, "it will be a shocking
with other countries do not specifically
Mexico in an operation authorized by
Suspects Abroad
Mexico and several countries, the Unit-
and extremely serious step."
rule it out.
the Justice Department. Dr. Alvarez
But the Supreme Court decision set
He said, for example, that Britain
was accused of assisting in the torture
ed States opened talks in Mexico City
over the Mexican Government's de-
off a strong reaction among many legal
could have kidnapped Joseph Doherty,
death of an agent of the Drug Enforce-
scholars as well.
sought by London for his alleged role in
ment Agency in 1985.
mand for an immediate rengotiation of
terrorism by the Irish Republican
The Court's majority said that even
the extradition treaty to bar the sort of
Troubling Impact Seen
Army, and Israel could have kidnapped
though the United States has an extra-
kidnappings that have now won sanc-
John Demjanjuk, sought as a guard in
dition treaty with Mexico, it did not
tion by the Supreme Court.
Several scholars said the case would
a concentration camp in Nazi-occupied
preclude the kidnapping.
"We have the utmost respect for
have a troubling impact, particularly
Mexican sovereignty," said a state-
with relations with Latin America, and.
Eastern Europe. Both were deported to
ment from the State Department. "We
could possibly even open the door for
those countries after lengthy extradi-
intend to work carefully with the Gov-
other countries to claim the right to
tion hearings in United States courts. A
ernment of Mexico to allay any con-
kidnap criminal suspects on American
Federal appeals court recently re-
opened the case against Mr. Demjan-
cerns or perceptions to the contrary."
soil.
juk to examine evidence that he may
In its 6-to-3 decision on Monday, the
"We are going to be less successful
Associated Press
have been a victim of a mistaken Iden-
Supreme Court reinstated a Federal
in persuading other countries to go
along with our view of international
The United States and Mexico
tity.
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
case against a Mexican gynecologist
accused of taking part in the torture
began negotiations yesterday for
"I have no doubt that we would be
law if our Government does not go
along with a generally shared view of
very upset If some foreign state
and murder of an American narcotics
new rules for drug war coopera-
agent outside Guadalajara in Mexico in
international law," said Lori Fisler
snatched somebody from the United
tion and extraditions. Ambassa-
Damrosch, a professor of international
States." Professor Lowenfeld said.
1985. Lower courts had barred the case
against the Mexican on grounds that he
law at Columbia University.
dor John Negroponte arrived for
"But the Government has now really
had been improperly kidnapped and,
Other scholars and experts went fur-
talks in Mexico City.
opened that possibility."
brought to the United States.
ther, saying that the decision under-
But the decision and the Bush Ad-
mined a spirit of respect for intérna-
ministration had support from others.
Invalid and Unacceptable'
tional law that had been carefully nur-
United Nations Charter and its under-
Edwin Meese 3d, who was Attorney
Mexico has continuously criticized
tured by the United States during the
lying principle of respect for sovereign-
General during much of the Reagan
the abduction, and it denounced the
war against Iraq, when Washington
ty.
Administration, applauded both the
Supreme Court decision as "invalid
sought to reach a consensus with its
"Whatever the new world order
court ruling and the kidnapping of Dr.
and unacceptable." This afternoon
allies before acting.
means, it's certaintly supposed to In-
Humberto Álvarez Machain, which had
Mexican officials were meeting with
William D. Rogers, a former Assist-
clude a reinvigorated respect for inter-
prompted the case.
the United States Ambassador, John D.
ant Secretary of State and a prominent
national law," he said.
"This shows this court is not going to
Negroponte, and other American diplo-
international legal scholar, said Wash-
extend loopholes or technicalities to
mats to discuss the treaty and Ameri-
ington's behavior in the Mexico kidnap-
Colossus of the North
allow wrongdoers, particularly those
can antinarcotics activities in Mexico.
ping was the opposite of its behavior in
Mr. Rogers, who served as the State
charged with serious crimes related to
The Bush Administration, which had
the effort to oust Iraq after its invasion
Department's top diplomat for Latin
drug trafficking, to escape prosecu-
of Kuwait.
America in the Ford Administration,
tion," he said.
sought the court's ruling, was today
In that case, he said, the United
also said that the court's ruling may
scrambling to cope with the effects of
Mr. Meese said that despite the court
States built a consensus based on the
reinforce the American image in 1 atin
ruling. he doubted that the Justice De-
the decision among some of its allies.
The New York Times
right © 1992 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
U.S. to Press Yeltsin to Reduce Budget Deficit
By STEVEN GREENHOUSE
istration will press the I.M.F. not to
accord will unblock most of the $24
Special to The New York Times
delay an agreement because of con-
billion aid the Group of Seven industri-
WASHINGTON, June 16 - Adminis-
cerns about details, the officials added.
al nations promised last April.
tration officials said today that they
"If those three key issues can be
would press President Boris N. Yeltsin
resolved, then we're willing to work
Campaign by Russians
to bring Russia's budget deficit under
with Russia to see that superfluous
During Mr. Yeltsin's visit to Wash-
control to help enable It to sign an
issues don't get in the way,' said a
ington, Russian officials have waged a
economic reform agreement with the
senior Administration official.
public campaign to urge more flexibili-
International Monetary Fund.
With their battered economy deterio-
ty from the fund, arguing that if the
If Russia controls its deficit, reins in
rating day by day, Russian officials are
I.M.F: is too stern it could push Rus-
its money supply and moves to make
eager to sign an agreement with the
sia's economy to the breaking point.
the ruble convertible, then the Admin-
fund as soon as possible because an
Fund officials are pushing Russia to
reduce its budget deficit to zero, while
remove price controls on oil, but Mr.
in on the meetings.
Russian officials are talking of a deficit
Yeltsin said this would make it hard for
Members of Congress said an Ameri-
target of around 4 percent of the gross
farmers to harvest.
can aid package for Russia could be
national product as compared with
"Russia needs to concentrate on the
further delayed by Mr. Yeltsin's state-
more than 20 percent last year.
key elements fundamental to reform,"
ment that Russia might be holding
The fund also wants Russia to ex-
said Treasury Under Secretary David
some American prisoners of war who
plain how it will coordinate monetary
C. Mulford.
have survived since the Vietnam War.
policy with other former Soviet repub-
In meetings today with President
"If it's determined definitively there
lics that plan to continue to use the
Bush, Mr. Yeltsin explained the sweep-
are Americans being held as prisoners
ruble, because such coordination is
ing reforms he announced Monday
of war in Russia, there's no way that
deemed essential for reducing inflation
about privatization, bankruptcy, own-
the Congress is going to pass aid while
and stabilizing the currency.
ership of land and foreign exchange.
they're being held," said Senator Pat-
"We couldn't support a program that
"They clearly gave us the impres-
rick J. Leahy, Democrat of Vermont.
would be regarded as less than ade-
sion that they're fully committed to-
The House and Senate foreign rela-
quate," said Michel Camdessus, the
continuing with their reform effort,
tions committees have both approved
I.M.F.'s managing director.
that they're going to stay the course,"
the package, but no floor vote has been
The I.M.F. is also pushing Russia to
said an Administration official who sat
scheduled.
Reporter's Notebook
In World-Weary Washington, a Sudden 'Hooray!'
By ANDREW ROSENTHAL
Reported The New York -
WASHINGTON, June 16 It took a
crowd of tourists to do 11, but the
ussian-American summit meeting
finally generated some public excite-
ment in Washington this evening.
For much of the day. Washington
residents had gone about their bust-
ness seeming more or less oblivious
to the presence of President Borts N.
Yeltsin of Russia. A few people ran up
to the back gate of the White House
when he and President Bush ap-
peared there briefly, but they were
mostly from Hong Kong and Germa-
ny
The Yeltsin trip did not seem to be
generating anything like the enthusi-
asm that the last Soviet leader, Presi-
dent Mikhall S. Gorbachev, used to
produce in the capital. Mr. Gorbs-
chev, after all, was able to wow Wash-
ington simply by stepping out of his
limousine.
So for a time n seemed as If they
were going to give summit and
nobody would care. Until that is, Mr.
Yeltsin turned up at the Air and
Space Museum.
After posing under the model com-
memorating the 1975 Apollo-Soyux
mission and giving a little talk about
the Importance of cooperation in
space, Mr. Yeltsh climbed the stairs
and headed along a balcony to an
official reception.
As he did SO, he passed over a room
in which hundreds of people were
Reserved
gathered. Always sensitive to a
Barbara Bush and Naina Yeltain, wife of President Boris N. Yeltain, preparing sandwiches with Kate
crowd, Mr. Yeltsin paused a moment
Berenson left, a volunteer at Martha's Table, a soup kitchen for Washington's homeless.
and his audience exploded Into ap-
plause, snapped pictures and shouted,
"Hip, htp, hooray!"
"Boy, 1 remember the crowd was 10
those machines that fire tennis balls
and was looking to see those pearls
TOWS deep both sides of the street.'
relentlessly across the net and Mr.
she had on," said a volunteer, Betty
Washington Unimpressed
"Khrushchev scared us," he said.
Yeltsin responded with a large brass
Stewart "But I was so excited by
If Mr. Yeltsm seemed taken aback,
"He was the leader of a country and
vase decorated with silver filigree
everything. I think she had them on,
nobody could blame him, given the
could just wipe us out. He said, 'I'm
and "a sample of Russian handi-
but couldn't swear."
rather ho-hum response be had been
here to fight you. Now on the other
work.
Mrs. Bush, who wore a lavender
getting earlier in the day.
hand this guy Yeltsin, he's begging.
Barbara Bush and Naina Yeltsin
suit, did indeed have on her signature
In the morning. as the two Prest-
He just wants our help to pull his
exchanged porcelain pieces. Mrs.
pearls. Mrs. Yeltsin wore a calf-
dents discussed the future of the
country out of the ditches."
Bush's present was a Boehm egg with
length beige and taupe dress printed
world Inside the White House, a
mock orange blossoms and hearts
with rubies and other jewels.
crowd of spectators gathered across
A White House Feast
and a gold rabbit Inside. No pink.
Mrs. Yehsin initially appeared a bit
the street outside Mr. Yeltsin's guest
While the Yeltsin summit meeting
nervous, more accustomed to staying
quarters at Blair House. It was a
may be lacking the sweep and drama
and a Soup Kitchen Visit
in the background than her predeces-
crowd that said everything about how
of the old-style Soviet-American sum-
With both Russia and the United
sor, Raisa Gorbachev, even though
Washington was viewing this Rus-
mitry. the White House was sparing
States focused more on their own
she has had a career of her OWN. For
sian-American summit meeting. It
none of the diplomatic trappings, In-
Internal problems than one another, 11
29 years she worked for the Institute
was a crowd of eight people.
cluding a state dimner tald on at the
was somehow appropriate that Mrs.
of Waterways in Sverdlovsk, the in-
While two young women rode their
White House tonight with the soprano
Yeltsin and Mrs. Bush spent their
dustrial city in the Ural Mountains
bicycles past the sidewalk barricade
Carol Vaness booked to entertain.
first morning together visiting a soup
where her husband first rose to prom-
outside Blair House, one asked the
The dinner, served on the Johnson
kitchen for the homeless and making
Inence as a Communist Party leader.
other, "What are all these police
china on pink tablecloths, was the
cheese and bologna sandwiches on
"Mrs. Yeltsin was very nice," Ms.
for?"
usual nouvelle institutional, with a
whole wheat bread to be distributed
Stewart said. "She smiled, but she
"That any Yeltsin is here," the
heavy emphasis on American dishes
later at parks around the capital.
didn't speak English."
other said.
and American wines (Cakebread
The two first ladies wrapped red
Asked if she was surprised to find
"Oh yah, yah," said the first wom-
Sauvignon Blane 1990 and Sanford
aprons around their waists and
such a place only two miles from the
an with a mixture of boredom and
Barrel Select Pinot Noir 1989).
slipped DO disposable gloves to join
White House, Mrs. Yeltsin remarked,
recognition.
The overlays on the tables were hot
Like dozens of others, George E.
with the volunteers at the private
"No, I'm not really surprised because
pink
Hicho, a metalkurgical engineer, just
charity, Marths's Table.
I do expect that under any system
While the United States Marine Or-
"It is a great privilege to serve
there will be poor because people
happened to be passing by when the
chestra played from the Grand Foy-
you," Mrs. Yelisin said through a
work differently and they have differ-
police froze traffic as the Russian
'er, the guests had sturgeon, roast loin
translator. She got so caught up in
ent attitudes toward work.
leader emerged from his morning
of veal, potatoes, asparagus, baby
making sandwiches that she had to be
Given the food problems in Moscow
White House talks. He had seen
carrols, summer salad, herbed Caprt
summoned twice to move on.
today! Mrs. Yelisin was not exactly
REAL Russians before, scary ones.
cheese, caramel mousse with roasted
This was Mrs. Bush's third visit to
shocked by the soup kitchen.
"1 got a glimpse of Khrushchev
dried pears and orange sauce and
the klichen, but several volunteers
"We also understand your prob-
whom he came in the University of
cookies
had missed her previous trips.
lems. she said, "but thank God you
The New York Times
Copyright 0 1992 The New York Times
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
PRESIDENT PRAISES
YELTSIN ON M.I.A.'S
Says the Russian Admission
on War Prisoners Will Be
Fully Investigated
By BARBARA CROSSETTE
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, June 16 President
Bush praised Borls N. Yeltsin today for
acknowledging, after years of denials
from Moscow, that American prison-
ers from several wars may have been
taken to the Soviet Union.
Mr. Bush said the Russian President
told him for the first time in meetings
this morning that the Russians were
investigating new information that ser-
vicemen from the Vietnam War might
have been among those prisoners.
On Monday, in an interview with
NBC News, Mr. Yeltsin said that "our
archives" showed that some American
prisoners from the Vietnam War
"were transferred" to the Soviet Union
"and were kept In labor camps." He
said some "may still be alive."
Vietnam's Foreign Ministry denied
today that any American prisoners of
war had been sent to the Soviet Union.
Mr. Bush said he had been given no
evidence that American prisoners
were still alive in the former Soviet
Union. But he said he was persuaded
that Mr. Yeltsin was prepared "to go
the last mile" to find any that were.
American to Examine Papers
Reuters
"For him to 80 back and dig into
President Bush and President Boris N. Yeltsin engaged in some of the more subtle aspects of diplomacy
these records, without fear or embar-
rassment, Is of enormous consequence
yesterday as Mr. Bush demonstrated proper horseshoe-throwing technique to the attentive Russian leader.
to the people of the United States of
America," Mr. Bush said at a joint
meeting with Mr. Yeltsin at the White
House. "I salute him for this."
The committee, which has subpoena
Mr. Bush sald Malcolm Toon, a for-
powers, met today to begin discussions
mer Ambassador to the Soviet Union
on its next course of action.
who leads the United States contingent
Perot refuses to
As Mr. Bush and Mr. Yeltsin were
on. a joint commission investigating
congratulating each other on having
four decades of missing Americans,
testify to a Senate
reached an arms accord and agreed to
would go to Moscow immediately to
pursue vigorously the issue of missing
work with his Russian counterpart, Col.
Americans, some members of Con-
Gen. Dmitri A. Volkogonov, in examin-
'political circus.'
gress and Administration officials
ing recently opened archives. No new
were saying they thought that the Rus-
information was made available today.
sian President might have jumped the
As the Issue of missing servicemen
gun in some of his recent statements on
intruded unexpectedly into the Rus-
china, suddenly pulled back from a
American prisoners. They suggested
sian-American summit, Ross Perot,
promise to testify publicly on the issue
that Mr. Yeltsin might have wanted to
who has long insisted that Americans
at a Senate committee hearing on June
discredit his critics, including Mikhail
may have been left behind in Indo-
30. In doing so, he came closer than be
has in the past to confirming his ex-
S. Gorbachev, at home and please
members of Congress, which he is
pected candidacy for President.
In a letter faxed today to Senator
scheduled to address on Wednesday.
Some members of Congress doubt
John F. Kerry, the Massachusetts
Democrat who Is chairman of the Se-
that Mr. Yeltsin's statements will help
free aid for Moscow.
lect Committee on P.O.W.-M.I.A. Af-
"We cannot move forward on an aid
fairs, Mr. Perot said, "The politically
charged atmosphere that exists at the
package to Russia, nor advance steps
to normalization with Vietnam without
present time makes it impossible for
obtaining a complete report on Presi-
the subject to be treated with the thor-
dent Yeltsin's statement,' Senator
oughness and seriousness it requires."
Mr. Perot sald the hearings, coming
John McCain, Republican of Arizona,
said today.
shortly before national party conven-
There are 2,266 Americans still unac-
tions, "with a witness who is being
counted for from Vietnam, Laos and
placed on the ballot as an independ-
Cambodia, in many cases because bod.
ent," would quickly turn into "a politi-
les have not been recovered. The Pen-
cal circus."
tagon says there are more than 8,100
Kerry Chides Perot
unaccounted for from the Korean War
In a three-page reply, Mr. Kerry
and 78,750 whose fates have not been
chided Mr. Perot for breaking his
confirmed though most are assumed
promise. Senator Kerry sald that Mr.
to have died - in World War II.
Perot, who made trip to Vietnam in
Internments In World War
1987 to discuss the issue with Hanoi,
In a letter to the Senate Committee
had information to offer and that "the
on Friday, Mr. Yeltsin said 716 Ameri-
public is entitled to hear it"
can servicemen, mostly bomber crews
making forced landings on Soviet terri-
tory, had been interned during World
War II. About 23,000 United States
troops wound up in Soviet custody after
being freed from German camps;
most were sent home in 1945-46.
Mr. Yeltsin also said in his letter that
262 pilots shot down over North Korea
during the Korean War had been taken
prisoner and that at least 59 of them
had been interrogated by Soviet
agents. Other Americans fell into Chi-
nese hands.
Excerpts From Bush-Yeltsin Conference: Working Toward a Safer World
WASHINGTON, June 16 (Reuters) - Fol-
will sign and submit for ratification in our
countries, President Bush of the United
defense, Mr. Cheney, and the Defense Minis-
from Vietnam. And he said the Russian Gov-
lo:ving are excerpts from statements and a
country. President Yeltsin and I have also
States of America and President of Russia,
ter, Pavel Grachev, of the Russian Federa-
ernment is pursuing this information vigor-
Copyright The York Times
brief news conference by President Bush and
agreed to work together, along with the allies
and these things have been achieved without
tion.
ously, just as we speak. And with us today are
President Borts N. Yeltsin of Russia, who
and other interested states, to develop a
deception, without anybody wishing to gain
President Yeltsin's adviser, Dmitri Volko-
spoke through an interpreter:
concept for a global protection system
unilateral advantages.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
gonov over here and our able former Ambas-
against limited ballistic missile attack.
'Balance of Security'
sador to the U.S.S.R., Ambassador Malcolm
BUSH STATEMENT
And we will explore a senior group or we
Toon.
will establish a senior group to explore prac-
This is & result of the trust entertained by
Why Nuclear Warheads?
President Yeltsin and I have Instructed
Mr. President, let me just say that I'm
tical steps toward that end, including the
the President of the democratic Russin to-
both of these gentlemen to begin Immediate-
sharing of early warning and cooperation In
ward America and by the President of the
pleased to announce that President Yeltsin
Q: Would you explain for people who might
ly a joint U.S. Russian pursuit of the latest
developing ballistic missile defense capabili-
United States toward the new Russia.
and I have just reached an extraordinary
not understand why friends who trust each
information; it was given to me today. I have
ties and technologies.
This is the result of a carefully measured
other and who do not plan to attack would
agreement on two areas of vital importance
asked Ambassador Toon to return Immedi-
This group will also explore the develop-
balance of security. We were not going in for
still need 7,000 nuclear warheads?
to our countries and to the world. First, we
ately to Moscow to work on this Issue, and 1
have agreed on far-reaching new strategic
ment of a legal basis for cooperation; Includ-
numbers, for just one, two, three thousands of
ing new treaties and agreements, and possi-
pieces. Rather we have established a record
PRESIDENT BUSH: What I'm saying is,
want to assure:all Americans, and particu-
arms reductions. Building on the agreement
ble changes to existing treatles and agree-
we've moved dramatically down from 13,000.
larly those families of the American P.O.W.'s
for each country to elect the number, the
reached with Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan
ments necessary to implement the global
figure that it will consider appropriate for Its
It's going to be a - this will be seen as an
and M.I.A.'s that we will spare no effort In
and Belarus, our two countries are now
protection system.
own defense and security.
enormous move forward toward the relax-
working with our Russian colleagues to In-
agreeing to even further dramatic strategic
That group Is headed by Dennis Ross for
The total number will go down from 21,000
ation of tension and toward the friendship
vestigate all Information In the Russia ar-
arms reductions substantially below the lev-
that we feel for each other. The elimination of
chives concerning our servicemen.
the United States, and will first meet in
els determined by Start.
to 6,000 for two sides. Under the first phase,
these, the most destabilizing of weapons, is
And while we do not have any specific
We have agreed to eliminate the world's
Moscow within the next 30 days.
the reductions for the two sides will be down
Information to make public today, I pledge to
In conclusion, these are remarkable steps
most dangerous weapons, heavy ICBM's, and
to 3,800 to 4,250, including ICBM's, 1,250, and
extraordinarily positive. And the fact that
all other multiple warhead ICBM's, and dra-
for our two countries, a departure from the
heavy missiles, 650; SLBM's, 2,250. Under
each country at this juncture In history re-
keep the American people Informed of devel-
tains some nuclear weapons speaks for Itself.
opments on this issue as we find out more
matically reduce our total strategic nuclear
tensions and the suspicions of the past, and a
the second phase we shall go down to, respec-
about these latest leads.
tangible Important expression of our new
weapons.
tively, 3,000 and 3,500, including total reduc-
Who knows what lies out there ahead? But
Those dramatic reductions will take place
relationship. They also hold major promise
certainly I agree with what President Yeltsin
And let me just point out that the forthcom-
tion and destruction of heavy missiles. Land-
In two phases. They will be completed no
for a future world protected against the
based MIRV's will be reduced as well.
said, that there Is no animosity. The cold war
Ing comments by President Yeltsin is just
danger of limited ballistic missile attack.
days are over and he came here in a spirit of
one more sign of this improved new relation-
later than the year 2003 and may be complet-
SLBM's will go down to 1,750. Each country
ed as early as the year 2000, if the United
will elect the figure that It will consider
forward movement on these arms control
ship between Russia and the United States of
States can assist Russia In the required de-
YELTSIN STATEMENT
appropriate to ensure Its defense and securi-
agreements and that speaks for Itself.
America. For him to go back and dig into
these records, without fear of embarrass-
struction of ballistic missile systems.
ty.
NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Mr. President, Indies and gentlemen, I'd
PRESIDENT YELTSIN: I would like to
ment, Is of enormous consequence to the
With this agreement the nuclear night-
like to add a few words to what President
Thus we are departing from the ominous
amplify on that. I would say that in response
people of the United States of America.
mare recedes more and more for ourselves,
for our children and for our grandchildren.
Bush has just announced here.
parity where each country was exerting ev-
to your question that the technical and finan-
Just a few years ago, the United States was
What we have achieved is an unparalleled
ery effort to stay In line, which has led
clal resources that are required in order to
Russia, for Instance, having half of Its popu-
destroy, dismantie and reduce the total num-
planning a strategic nuclear stockplle of
and probably an unexpected thing for you,
and for the whole world. You are the first to
lation living below the poverty line. We can-
ber of warheads and missiles from 21,000 to
Q: Do you agree It's possible that some of
about 13,000 warheads. Now President Yel-
hear about this historic decision which has
not afford it, and therefore we must have
six or seven thousand Is enormous and this is
those Americans may still be alive?
tsin and I have agreed that both sides will go
been reached today after just five months of
minimum security level to deal with any
the only thing that conditions this figure.
PRESIDENT BUSH: I would simply say
down to 3,000 to 3,500 warheads with each
negotiations. We are in fact meeting 8 sharp
possible eventuality which might arise any-
that this - I have no evidence of that, but the
nation determining its own force structure
where in the world and threaten our security.
cooperation that is, has been extended, and
within that range.
dramatic reduction In the total number for
the two sides of the number of the amount of
But we know one thing: we shall not fight
The Missing G.I.'s
again is being extended by the President of
The New Relationship'
nuclear warheads.
against each other. This is a solemn under-
Russia will guarantee to the American peo-
And I'd like to point out that this funda-
Indeed, we have been able to cut over those
taking that we are taking today, and It will be
PRESIDENT BUSH: With your permis-
ple that If anyone's alive, that person, those
reflected as a matter of partnership and
sion, Mr. President, I would like to take the
people would be found. And equally as Impor-
mental agreement which in earlier years
five months of negotiations the total number
could not have been completed even In a
of nuclear warheads to one-third, while It
friendship in the charter that we are going to
last question, which relates to the P.O.W.-
tant to the loved ones Is the accounting for
sign.
M.I.A. discussions that we have had. Presi-
any possible M.I.A.
decade has been completed in only five
took 15 years under the Start treaty to make
months. Our ability to reach this agreement
some reductions.
Our proposal is to cut the process of de-
dent Yeltsin and I discussed this morning the
And so we have no evidence of anyone
SO quickly is a tribute to the new relationship
This is an expression of the fundamental
struction from the proposed 13 years down to
Issue that is of the highest priority for our
being alive, but I would simply say again that
9 years. So the things that I have been
Administration, and I know for every Ameri-
this, this is the best way to get to the bottom
between the United States and Russia and to
change In the political and economic rela-
tions between the United States of America
mentioning before will be materialized by the
can, the fate of American P.O.W.' and
of It, and this new approach by the President
the personal leadership of our guest, Borls
year 2000.
M.I.A.'s from World War II, Korea, the cold-
of Russia to go into these archives and to try
Yeltsin.
and Russia.
war period and Vietnam.
to find missing records will be the best
In the near future, the United States and
It is also an expression and à proof of the
President Yeltsin informed me for the first
assurance that I can give the American
Russia will record our agreement in a brief
personal trust and confidence that has been
I want to add that these figures have been
time that Russia may have Information
people that the truth will, will be revealed,
treaty document that President Yeltsin and I
established between the Presidents of these
agreed with and ratified by the secretary for
about the fate of some of our servicemen
finally.
The Washington Time
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Summit
Earlier, as a 21-gun salute echoed
across the Mall, Mr. Bush compared
his guest with Peter the Great who
seemed to come off a poor second in
ignores
the telling.
"Like Peter the Great, you are
redefining Russia's understanding
of itself, redefining Russia's role in
years of
the world," Mr. Bush said of the 16th-
and 17th-century czar who ce-
mented Russia's relationship with
Europe and won access to the Baltic
ill will
and Black seas in wars at the ex-
pense of Sweden and the Ottomans
in Turkey.
Nothing seemed too exaggerated
or too far-fetched for host or guest to
say about each other.
By Frank J. Murray
"The time when our two nations
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
viewed each other with suspicion
This was the "Duck Pond Sum-
and even animosity is behind us," Mr.
mit" where Presidents Yeltsin and
Yeltsin said at one ceremony.
Bush keep using intercontinental
Mr. Bush saved the ultimate com-
ballistic hyperbole as if to convince
pliment for his toast at last night's
themselves, and their skeptical old
White House state dinner where he
soldiers, they really are friends if
called Mr. Yeltsin "a maverick" in
not yet military allies.
the finest sense.
"We shall not fight against each
White House press secretary
other," Mr. Yeltsin said at one emo-
Marlin Fitzwater, who has been at
tional moment.
many summits and struck sparks at
Even as they posed for pictures
two of them, recalled one of those
with five ducklings who made a
flaps when he said, "The big differ-
home in the White House fountain,
ence is that we're now old friends
they kept telling each other what
and not old enemies. In 1987 Gorba-
friends they are and why the United
chev got upset when I said we were
States must protect the $4 trillion
old enemies, not old friends."
investment it made to win the Cold
Even the oldest warrior of all and
War.
hardest of hard-liners at the White
"From this summit we see a new
House, National Security Adviser
horizon, a new world of peace and
Brent Scowcroft, reportedly shared
hope," Mr. Bush said amid repeated
the feelings. "He feels very comfort-
declarations of greater trust and
able with it. I think everybody's on
good chemistry.
board," Mr. Fitzwater said.
The leaders were joined by Bar-
Mr. Scowcroft was an Army lieu-
bara Bush as they reflected after an
tenant in the days of the Berlin Air-
impromptu tour of the presidential
lift and soldiered throughout the
putting green and tennis court and a
coldest days of the Cold War to be-
surprise lesson in pitching horse-
come a lieutenant general and na-
shoes - on which Mr. Yeltsin scored
tional security adviser to two pres-
poorly compared to Mikhail Gorba-
idents.
chev's beginner's luck ringer.
He smiled a bit as he stood with
The two darted out of the Oval
Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Colin
Office through French doors, with-
Powell near the two presidents dur-
out informing aides waiting in an in-
ing military welcoming ceremonies
ner hall. They watched a horseshoe
and heard Mr. Yeltsin make a special
tournament among White House
point of it.
electricians for a few moments until
"I thank you, Mr. President. I
Mr. Yeltsin shed his coat and both
thank Mrs. Bush and all of you who
men took the horseshoes personally.
are present here, especially the mili-
Then they went to the black fence
tary people," Mr. Yeltsin said of the
facing the Ellipse and Mr. Yeltsin
welcome.
waved to hundreds of tourists
blocked across the street by security
guards.
"Come on over," Mr. Bush said and
the two shook hands and compared
hometowns with people from Hong
Kong and Germany and Middle
America.
Che Vashington Times
Pact severely limits most-destabilizing arms
because they could wipe out the ad-
tion of ballistic missiles at sea the
subs carrying up to 24 D-5 missiles
sons, Including the fact the systems
stockpiles - with a new ceiling of
WEDNESDAY JUNE 17, 1992
By Rowan Scarborough
HEWASHINGTON TIMES
versary's ability to effectively coun-
highly accurate eight-warhead TH-
with four, not eight, warheads.
are the most survivable and thus the
about 3,500 long-range nuclear
terattack. Both countries started de-
dent D-5 missile.
These stealthy systems will be
best deterrent against a first strike.
weapons each - Russia and the
Yesterday's historic announce-
ploying these "first-strike" nuclear
Now President Bush and Russian
backed up by only one land system
"There's certainly a lot of money
United States still will have arsenals
ment on strategic weapons nearly
weapons at a rapid rate as a way to
President Boris Yeltsin have put an
- a single-warhead version of the
comparable to those at the height of
eliminates what many military ex-
"win" a global war, if necessary.
official stop to each country's era of
Minuteman III missile - and a
invested In the subs," added Mr. Fein-
the Cold War.
perts long considered the most dan-
The Soviets placed most bets on
the MIRV.
bomber force of nearly 100 B-1Bs
stein. "I think the administration's
The United States reached the
gerous development in America's
the silo-based SS-18, the heaviest
"This is the biggest leap forward
and B-2Stealth radar-evading air-
thinking is that, given the cost,
3,500 level during the Kennedy's ad-
long arms race with the old Soviet
and most deadly of all the ICBMs.
in arms control of any kind for as
craft.
they're going to be very reluctant to
ministration. The Soviet Union
Union.
In the Ronald Reagan years of the
long as that has existed," a senior
"We think it's a major step for-
let that multibillion-dollar invest-
achieved that number about 10 years
In the 1960s and 70s, both super-
1980s, the United States modernized
White House official told reporters.
ward. These are significant, sharp
ment carry a very small number of
later, according to the Arms Control
powers Invested billions of dollars in
nearly every corner of its far-
"But what's amazing START
reductions," said Lee Feinstein, as-
nuclear weapons."
Association, which wants reductions
engineering, testing and then de-
reaching orsenal.
[the Strategic Arms Reduction
sistant director for research at the
The U.S. Navy continues to field a
to continue beyond the 3,500 level.
ploying the most devastating type of
Congress vigorously debated, but
Treaty] did take nine years. This
Arms Control Association, a private
new generation of ballistic-missile
"What It does is set the stage for
nuclear weapon: a missile that could
then provided money for the 10-
agreement took, give or take a week
group that advocates reductions in
boat, the Ohio-class submarine.
what's next," Mr. Feinstein said.
carry multiple high-yield warheads,
warhead MX, the most accurate of
or two, five months."
nuclear arms. "They deserve a lot of
Thirteen have been completed, with
"With these reductions, both the U.S.
each with guidance systems that in-
any land-based missile carrying
Once both treaties are carried out
credit for it."
five more in different stages of con-
and Russia still retain three to four
dependently steered them with
multiple independently targetable
by early next century, the United
Military experts said Mr. Bush
struction.
times the combined arsenals of the
deadly accuracy.
re-entry vehicles (MIRVs). At the
States' deterrence will revolve
chose to retain some MIRVed capa-
Although the announcement re-
other nuclear powers" - China,
Such systems were destabilizing
same time, it funded a new genera-
largely around 18 ballistic-missile
bility on submarines for several rea-
flects major reductions of weapons
France and Great Britain.
The Washington Times
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Yeltsin
The SS-18s "were built to threaten
the West, especially the United
States, but the new democratic Rus-
sia has no interest in threatening the
stakes all
West, and Yeltsin wants to make this
clear," Mr. Seay said.
The Russian president "realizes
there is nothing to be gained from
on nuke
maintaining such expensive and
threatening weapons," Mr. Seay
added.
Russian diplomats and Yeltsin ad-
summit
visers in Washington for the summit
have repeatedly emphasized that
their primary aim is to integrate
Russia into the world community
and to break down the wall of suspi-
By Martin Sieff
cion raised by 74 years of commu-
nism.
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
But yesterday's agreement to
Russian President Boris Yeltsin
scrap land-based intercontinental
may risk the wrath of his hard-line
missiles could force Mr. Yeltsin into
critics by accepting nuclear missile
the same devastating political trap
cuts, but it's price he's willing to pay
that former Soviet President Mi-
to win Western aid and firmly plant
khail Gorbachev faced after his
Russia in the community of nations.
arms-control summits, Mr. Simes
Mr. Yeltsin proved flexible and re-
said.
alistic in agreeing to give up huge,
Mr. Gorbachev went home from
land-based weap-
Washington in 1987 with the
NEWS
ons that his coun-
Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces
try no longer had
(INF) treaty and again in 1991 with
ANALYSIS
the resources to
the Strategic Arms Reduction
maintain.
Treaty (START). But he failed to
But the concession could prove a
bring along any agreements that
Pyrrhic victory, costing more than it
would significantly improve the lot
was worth, if it undermines his po-
of the ordinary Soviet citizen, Mr.
litical standing at home, said Dimitri
Simes said.
Simes of the Carnegie Endowment
Now, the Bush administration "is
for International Peace.
pushing Yeltsin to the wall too," Mr.
"Militarily speaking, those mis-
Simes said.
siles are now irrelevant anyway. No-
"The agenda for this summit has
body, including the Russian military,
been formulated by the Department
seriously perceives the United
of State, which has concentrated on
States as an enemy," Mr. Simes said.
arms control and very little else,"
However, by pressing the Yeltsin
said Richard Perle, a former assis-
government to make such sweeping
tant secretary of defense.
arms-control concessions, the Bush
By contrast, Mr. Yeltsin's advisers
administration runs the risk of
have made clear that they see the
strengthening the hand of Mr. Yel-
arms-control agreement as part of a
tsin's xenophobic, anti-Western crit-
broader package, including the eco-
ics at home who complain that he's
nomic support they so desperately
giving away the family store, Mr.
need.
Simes said.
Congress is now considering a
Russian military leaders had
proposed multibillion-dollar U.S.
strongly opposed the elimination of
contribution to a $24 billion interna-
their huge, 10- to 14-warhead SS-18
tional aid package for Russia.
supermissiles, code-named "Satans"
by NATO analysts, without major
U.S. concessions.
Mr. Yeltsin and his advisers "have
obviously calculated the costs of not
signing an agreement of this kind
would far outweigh any negative
consequences from their military,"
said Dov S. Zakheim, former deputy
undersecretary of defense.
"Yeltsin realizes he has an oppor-
tunity to totally recast Russia's rela-
tions with the rest of the world," said
Douglas Seay of the Heritage Foun-
dation. "This agreement is typical of
his style. His trademark is taking
bold, decisive moves to achieve his
goals, and that's what he's done."
Che "Vashington Cimes
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Weinberger indicted
INDICT
From page AI
on cover-up charges
year, $32 million probe headed by
Mr. Walsh, said Mr. Weinberger was
lying on June 17, 1987, when he told
Slams Iran-Contra case prosecutor
congressional aides that he did not
remember being told about the
He is the highest-ranking Reagan
White House-approved shipment of
By Michael Hedges
administration official indicted as a
18 Hawk anti-aircraft missiles from
THE WASHINGTON TIMES
result of the Iran-Contra investiga-
Israel to Iran in November 1985.
But in a letter to Mr. Weinberger's
Caspar W. Weinberger, indicted
tion.
yesterday on Iran-Contra cover-up
A visibly upset and angry Mr.
attorney, Robert S. Bennett, in late
charges, accused special prosecutor
Weinberger said: "I would not give
April, Sens. Daniel K. Inouye, Ha-
Lawrence Walsh of trying to pres-
false testimony, nor would I enter a
wail Democrat, and Warren B. Rud-
sure him into giving false testimony
false plea. Because of this refusal,
man, New Hampshire Republican,
which to me is a matter of con-
who headed the Senate Iran-Contra
against others.
Mr. Weinberger, 74, secretary of
science, I have now been charged
probe, wrote: "It is inconceivable to
defense from 1981 to 1987, was
with multiple felonies."
us that [Mr. Weinberger] would in-
charged with one count of ob-
The indictment, brought by pros-
tentionally mislead or lie to Con-
structing congressional investiga-
ecutors working as part of the five-
gress."
The two senators said they were
tors, two counts of perjury and two
see INDICT, page A10
convinced the main part of his testi-
counts of making false statements.
mony, which outlined his "staunch
opposition" to the arms-for-hostages
deal, was accurate and the fact that
his recall of the 1985 arms shipment
"might have been imperfect" was
unimportant.
Under the law, prosecutors must
prove that misleading testimony was
"material" to the committee's inves-
tigation, legal experts said.
Mr. Weinberger also passed a re-
cent polygraph test in which he was
asked if he lied to Congress, engaged
in a cover-up of Iran-Contra or with-
held notes from investigators.
Asked if Mr. Walsh's staff had con-
sidered the statements of the sen-
ators or the results of the polygraph
before returning the indictment
against Mr. Weinberger, spokeswo-
man Mary Belcher said: "I'm not go-
ing to comment on that The indict-
ment speaks for itself."
The charges against Mr. Wein-
berger came one day before the five-
year statute of limitations for his
June 17, 1987, deposition would have
expired. Even before yesterday's indict-
ment Mr. Bennett was marshaling
support for what he promised would
be a vigorous defense of Mr. Wein-
berger.
The lawyer had supplied Mr.
Walsh's staff with a sworn statement
by Gen. Colin L Powell, chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, describing
Mr. Weinberger as "one of the true
heroes of the Iran-Contra matter."
There has been intense speculn-
tion in recent weeks that prosecu-
tors were trying to use the threat of
indictment against Mr. Weinberger
to force him to give evidence the spe-
cial prosecutor believes he has
against President Reagan.
Mr. Weinberger has denied he has
such evidence. "In order to avoid
this indictment I was not willing to
accept an offer by the office of inde-
pendent counsel to plead to a misde-
meanor offense of which 1 was not
guilty, nor was I willing to give them
statements which were not true
about myself or others." he said.
"DIJE"
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Yeltsin
hits nerve
on POWs
By Frank J. Murray
and Joyce Price
THE WASHINGTON THMES
POWS
The Pentagon said yesterday it is
viet Union. Chairman John Kerr
taking Mr. Yeltsin's assertions "at
Massachusetts Democrat, and Rot
The possibility that U.S. service
From page AI
face value" and "will obviously pur-
ert C. Smith, New Hampshire Re
men captured during Vietnam and
sue them very actively."
publican, have requested a privat
the Cold War have survived in the
Spokesman Pete Williams said the
meeting with Mr. Yeltsin.
Soviet Union became what Presi-
"It's very possible that there are a
Pentagon already is investigating
"We have specific intelligence 0
dent Bush called "highest priority"
few of them still left alive, even on
"an unconfirmed report that a U.S.
locations where people (capture
at summit talks yesterday despite
our own territory perhaps." Mr. Yel-
serviceman, probably from the Ko-
U.S. citizens) were seen." Mr. Smit:
concern about false hopes.
tsin said. "We are going to carry this
rean War, is still alive in the former
said. "We've found unbelieveable in
A joint commission, headed by
all the way to the very ground to find
Soviet Union."
formation. It's outrageous that the
former U.S. Ambassador to Moscow
out the fate of every single last
On Monday, Gen. Volkogonov dis-
stuff continues to be held in a class:
Malcolm Toon and Russian Gen.
American who might be on our ter-
cussed an alleged sighting of an
fied mode (by the U.S. government).
Dmitri Volkngonov, will meet in Mos-
ritory."
American being held in a jail in the
"I give Boris Yeltsin all the credit
cow within 30 days to explore secret
He promised he will open ar-
Ural Mountains He said the com-
in the world, and I wish our govern
Soviet archives that Russian Pres-
chives of the KGB and the former
mission was working as fast as it
ment would be as forthcoming in
ident Boris Yeltsin promised to open
Communist Party Central Commit-
could to find this manand learn If he
getting information out in the public
for the investigators.
tee to the joint commission on POWs
was captured serviceman Mr. Wil-
domain."
But members of Congress pre-
and MIAs from the Cold War, Viet-
liams said the Pentagon assumes its
Sen. Hank Brown, Colorado Re
dicted that Mr. Yeltsin's revelations
nam, Afghanistan, Korea and World
investigation involves the same al-
publican and a member of the com
will only make it harder for him to
War IL
leged prisoner as theone the general
mittee, said the panel heart
get U.S. aid. He is expected to make
"If any single American is unac-
mentioned.
evidence that captured U.S. service
a strong pitch for the aid today when
counted for, they will go the extra
As for U.S. soldiers from the Viet-
a serving in Southeast Asia might
he addresses a joint meeting of the
mile to see that that person is BC-
nam War who Mr. Yeltsin says were
have been transferred to the Sovie:
House and Senate.
counted for," Mr. Bush said. But be
transferred to the former Soviet
Union because of special knowledge
"We cannot move forward on aid
cautioned against false hope and
Union. Mr. Williams said the Pen-
the Soviets wanted.
or recognition without resolving
said be had seen no evidence any
tagon has requested "more informa-
Last January, two former National
President Yeltsin's statement," Sen.
POWs or MIAs are alive.
tion about what cases be was refer-
Security Agency analysts. Jerry
John McCain, Arizona Republican
"President Yeltsin informed me
ring to."
Mooney and Terrell Minarcin, tolc
and a former Vietnam prisoner of
for the first time that Russia may,"
Last week. Mr. Yeltsin submitted
the committee that hundreds of
war, said on the floor yesterday.
be said, pausing to emphasize the
a letter to Congress that said the So.
American POWs were abandoned in
Rep. Dick Durbin, Illinois Demo-
word and point for effect, "have in-
viet Union captured 12 previously
Southeast Asia and many were
crat, said Russia must release any
formation about the fate of some of
unacknowledged U.S. fliers during
shipped to Moscow
American POWs it may be holding
our servicemen from Vietnam"
the 1950s.
before Mr. Yeltsin will get any U.S.
Dolores Opodaca Alford, national
Mr. Bush said he was moved to
Mr. Williams said the Pentagon
chairman of the Seattle-based Na.
aid.
confidence by Mr. Yeltsin's confir-
does not yet know the names of the
"He's suggesting that American
tional Allinnce of Families, said yes.
mation of rumors that began soon
fliers. "Of course we've requested
servicemen have been separated
terday there was testimony before
after World War II.
them, but I can't tell you when the
the committee that her brother. U.S.
from their families and held pris-
"For him to go back and dig into
Russians are going to give them a
oner for decades," Mr. Durbin said.
Air Force Maj. Victor J. Opadaca.
these records without fear of embar-
us," be said.
"If any of them are alive today, there
who was shot down in Vietnam in
rassment is of enormous conse-
On the Hill, some members of the
is absolutely no excuse to hold them
June 1967, was one of "many" U.S.
quence to the people of the United
another moment."
Senate Select Committee on POW-
servicemen captured by the Viet-
States of America: Mr. Bush said "I
In an extraordinary appearance
MIA Affairs praised Mr. Yeltain for
namese who were "listed as Moscow.
have every confidence that what be
with Mr. Yeltsin in the White House,
his candor in admitting that Amer-
bound."
says here is true, that they will get to
Rose Garden, Mr Bush expressed
ican soldiers from several wars had
. This article is based in part on
the bottom of it"
the name thought a bit more diplo-
been held prisoner in the former So-
wire service reports.
matically
"If anyone's alive, that person,
those people, will be found. And
equally as important to the loved
ones is the accounting for any
MIAs," Mr. Bush said, acting on as-
surances from Mr. Yeltain
see POWS, page A6
MAINT
Che Washington Times
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1992
Bush, Yeltsin reach
NUCLEAR
From page Al
surprise agreement
out help from the United States.
If the United States helps destroy
Russian warheads, the lowest levels
could be reached by the year 2000,
Mr. Bush said.
By Frank J. Murray
SCALING BACK
Mr. Yeltsin emphasized that the
THE WASHINGT TIMES
deal was cut in five months and ex-
The United States and Russia
Yesterday's U.S.Russion
ceeds 15 years of START negoti-
agreed yesterday to slash nuclear
agreement will:
ations. As late as Monday night, ne-
warhead stockpiles below any level
Eliminate 50 10-
gotiators resolved what Secretary of
ever proposed, eliminating "the
State James A. Baker III described
warhead MX missiles.
world's most dangerous weapons"
as two major sticking points.
Accelerate the
and making cuts in U.S. submarine
"Just a few years ago, the United
elimination of 450
firepower.
States was planning a strategic nu-
two-warhead
"What we have achieved is an un-
clear stockpile of about 13,000 war-
Minuteman II
paralleled and probably an unex-
heads," Mr. Bush said. "Now Pres-
missiles.
pected thing for you and for the
ident Yeltsin and I have agreed that
Download 500
whole world," Russian President Bo-
[each] side will go down to 3,000 to
Minuteman III
ris Yeltsin said as he joined Pres-
3,500 warheads."
missiles from three
ident Bush in the Rose Garden to
The United States now has 9,986
warheads each to
announce the surprise agreement,
warheads and Russia accounts for
one each.
which was finalized even before
10,237, which actually are spread
Cut in half the number of
their scheduled arms-talks session
among four republics in the Com-
warheads on D-5 Trident
yesterday afternoon.
monwealth of Independent States.
submarine-launched missiles,
"These are remarkable steps for
The two leaders also agreed to
from eight warheads to four.
our two countries," Mr. Bush agreed
work toward sharing development of
as the plan he proposed in his State
Final U.S. arrenal: About 3,478
the Strategic Defense Initiative -
of the Union message was accepted
strategic nuclear weapons: 1,728
commonly known as "star wars"
by Mr. Yeltsin after more cuts were
D-5 Trident missiles on 18
for joint defense against limited bal-
made.
submarines; 1,250 cruise missiles
listic missile attacks, and to remove
The question of verification was
and gravity bomba on bombers;
legal obstacles that prevent deploy-
not raised during the announce-
and 500 single-warhead, land-
ment of the SDI system now being
ment.
based missiles.
developed by the United States.
Mr. Bush broke a deadlock by of-
Final Russian arsensk About
The two-step deal would limit
fering a one-third cut on submarine-
3,500 warheads: 1,744
each side to a maximum of 4,250
based multiple independently tar-
eubmarine-launched missiles,
warheads by the year 2000 and 3,500
getable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs)
1,256 cruise missiles and gravily
three years later. It shortens overall
and elimination of the MX Peace-
bombs on bombers, and 500
destruction time from 13 years to as
keeper if the Russians would do
warheads on land-based SS-25a.
little as nine years.
away with their land-based SS-18
That would limit the overall num-
Sources: Arms Control Association and
and SS-24 missiles.
U.S. Delanee Department
ber of warheads to 35 percent of the
Mr. Yeltsin exacted a higher price
combined U.S. and Russian stock-
The Washington Times
for that agreement, winning a 50
piles and drop the warhead count to
percent reduction in the MIRVs to
ally assured destruction, which has
half of what START would have
be based on 18 Trident submarines.
been the cornerstone of U.S. deter-
achieved.
That would limit each of a subma-
rence policy for decades during the
Mr. Bush called the agreement,
rine's 24 missiles to four indepen-
Cold War.
which would be an addition to the
dently targeted warheads instead of
Both presidents reacted sharply
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, "a
the eight for which they are de-
when asked why trusting friends
departure from the tensions and the
signed.
who had pledged not to attack each
suspicions of the past and a tangible,
At the end, each country would
other needed a total of 7,000 nuclear
important expression of our new re-
limit itself to 1,750 submarine-based
warheads.
lationship."
warheads and could divide the other
"The fact that each country, at this
Officials said it would be drawn
1,750 among bombers, cruise mis-
juncture in history, retains some nu-
into treaty form within three months
siles and land-based single-warhead
clear weapons speaks for itself. Who
for formal signing, but that memo-
intercontinental ballistic missiles.
knows what lies ahead out there?"
randums of the understanding
"This will be seen as an enormous
Mr. Bush said.
would be among papers signed today
move forward toward the relaxation
Mr. Yeltsin said his nation is aban-
at the White House.
of tension and toward the friendship
doning an arms race that drove it to
After a boat tour on the Chesa-
that we feel for each other elimi-
bankruptcy and half its people into
peake Bay, beginning at the Naval
nation of the most destabilizing of
poverty. Now, he said, Russia cannot
Academy in Annapolis, the two pres-
weapons," Mr. Bush said.
destroy arms as fast as it likes with-
idents will return to Washington to
The remaining weapons still
sign treaties on investment, space
would be enough to guarantee mutu-
see NUCLEAR, page A6
and tax matters. They also will hold
a joint news conference in the East
Room of the White House.
Mr. Yeltsin also may confirm a re-
port from a senior U.S. official that
he will give up his post of prime min-
ister and give it to the interim OC-
cupant, economic adviser Yegor
Gaidar.
FROM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON. D.C.
Reverend Claude E. Payne
Rector
St. Martin's Episcopal Church
717 Sage Road
Houston, Texas 77056
THE PRESIDENT
June 17, 1992
Dear Claude,
I just got back from Rio, and on my desk was the birthday
card you sent. It brightened my day.
Thanks for your thoughtfulness and your continued
friendship. Barbara joins me in sending best wishes.
Sincerely,
Cy
Jan Burmeister
WASHINGTON. D.C.
Mr. Rob Walton
Wal-Mart Stores, Incorporated
702 Southwest 8th Street
Bentonville, Arkansas 72716
THE PRESIDENT
June 17 '92
Dear Rob,
Laman Alexandre sent our
your generously inscribed bode
on your Dad. I will never
farget that Day in Bentonville
with your Father and the Family
It was 20 right that
he be honored.
My best insters to
all waltons in which Babwa
joins me
Sincerls,
CC:
Charles Free, Gift
GBl
Unit (w/Book --
The President would
like the book sent
to his office at
Camp David)
JAN
FROM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON. D.C.
The Honorable and Mrs. James D. Watkins
3225 Grace Street
Washington, District of Columbia 20007
-
THE PRESIDENT
June 17, 1992
Dear Sheila and Jim,
I just got back from Rio, and on my desk was the birthday
card you sent. It brightened my day.
Thanks for your thoughtfulness and your continued
friendship. Barbara and I send best wishes to you both.
Sincerely,
az/
Jan Burmeister
SCHEDULE OF THE PRESIDENT
Wednesday, June 17, 1992
8:00 am
Meeting with George Pfau
Oval Office
(10 min)
(Zamaria)
8:15 am
Intelligence Briefing
Oval Office
(15 min)
(Scowcroft)
8:30 am
National Security Briefing
Oval Office
(20 min)
(Scowcroft)
8:50 am
The President and President
South Lawn
Yeltsin depart for Address at
US/Russian Business Summit at
the J. W. Marriott Hotel
(Scowcroft)
(TAB A)
9:45 am
The President arrives White
South Lawn
House
-
9:45 am
Meeting with Chief of Staff
Oval Office
(30 min)
10:15 am
Staff Time
Oval Office
(30 min)
(Zamaria)
10:45 am
Administrative Time
Oval Office
(75 min)
12:00 pm
Lunch
Oval Office
(60 min)
1:00 pm
Meeting with Secretary Baker
Oval Office
(30 min)
1:30 pm
Personal Staff Time
Oval Office
(30 min)
2:00 pm
The President and President
South Lawn
Yeltsin depart for Annapolis,
Maryland
Trave!
(Scowcroft)
(TAB B)
2:20 pm
Arrive U. S. Naval Academy
Annapolis,
Maryland
UNP 06/16/92
6:00 pm
12:44 DOTUS back looval
12:45 IN Mr. Mrs. Jeff
Zamana
Jeff Zamaria, Jr.
Michael zamana
12:48 OUT
01
1:04 IN Sec. Baker
Gen.Scowcreft
1:39 OUT 11
1:45 Gen. Scowcroft IN
1:46 Slanner iN
1:49 out
1:49 yelksin +
2 interprefers
w/ scowcroft iN reinned
1:55 All out
to Helo.
4.03 TOWS
touch to one
gettsint interpreters at
BUSH LIBRARY PHOTOCOPY
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Schedule
Schedule of the President; redactions. (1 pp.)
06/17/92
(b)(3)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Office of the President
Series:
Daily Files
Subseries:
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Wednesday, June 17, 1992 [3]
Date Closed:
10/23/2024
OA/ID Number:
90689-006
FOIA/SYS Case #:
2009-0166-S
Appeal Case #:
Re-review Case #:
Appeal Disposition:
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
Disposition Date:
AR Case #:
MR Case #:
AR Disposition:
MR Disposition:
AR Disposition Date:
MR Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified Information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose Internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted Invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose Information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
PRM. Removed as a personal record misfile.
2:30 pm
Begin Cruise of Chesapeake
Bay Area
(Scowcroft)
3:35 pm
Cruise concludes
4:00 pm
Arrive White House (At this time
South Lawn
President Yeltsin goes to Blair
House to freshen up)
4:30 pm
B signing Ceremony
East Room
(15 min)
(Scowcroft)
(TAB C)
4:45 pm
B Joint News Conference
East Room
(45 min)
(Fitzwater)
(TAB C)
7:35 pm
The President and Mrs. Bush
South Lawn
depart for Dinner hosted by
President and Mrs. Yeltsin
at the Russian Embassy
(Scowcroft)
(TAB D)
10:05 pm
Arrive White House
South Lawn
7:21
POTUS In
7:32
Boyden Gay In/7:45 Out
8:03
George PFau In
8:17
"
" Out
8:18 scoweroft. Howe In
8:34
Out
8.37
scowcroft. Howe out
"see Tab A'
9:57 POTUS In Skinner In
9:58
VPOTUS In
10:22 Moore In
10:31
Fitzwater In
10:33
VPOTUS out
10:43
Fitzwater out
10:50
Skinnes Moore out
"See Tab B"
4:05
POTUS up to Res.
4:14
Fitwater. Hewett, scowcroft In
POTUS 2nd floor office.
See Tab ("
UNP 06/16/92
6:00 pm