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Speechwriting, White House Office of
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Speech File Backup Files
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OA/ID Number:
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Red Cross 2/23/90 [OA 6894] [2]
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26
19
6
5
02/21/90 11:10
008
4153919188
SENT BY:Xerox Telecopier 7020 ; 2-16-90 :- 4:33PM ;
4153919188-
202 639 3700:# 2
DRAFT #2
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
CONTACT: External Communications
Barbara Lohman
(415) 692-5201
RED CROSS ANNOUNCES PLANS
FOR EARTHQUAKE RELIEF FUNDS
BURLINGAME, CA, Feb. 20, 1990 -- The American Red Cross
announced today that, consistent with donor requests,
approximately $40 million in earthquake disaster relief funds
will be used to support continuing aid for earthquake victime and
earthquake preparedness in northern California.
George F. Moody, National Chairman of the Red Cross, said
the exact amount will represent the remainder of $52.5 million in
donations designated specifically for earthquake relief after all
bills are paid for Red Cross emergency relief in the wake of the
October earthquake. Those now total over $12 million, but the
cost will go higher as additional bills come in.
The Red Cross earlier established a special Northern
California Earthquake Relief Fund to solicit and review
additional earthquake relief needs. The fund's 10-member
committee, headed by John B.M. Place, former Chief Executive
officer of Crocker Bank, is presently reviewing proposals for
ongoing, additional relief programs from government agencies and
service organizations in the quake-stricken areas, including San
Francisco, Oakland, Santa Cruz and Watsonville.
02/21/90 ..........
5
009
SENT-BY-Xerox Telecopier 7020 ; 2-16-90 ; 4:34PM ;
4153919188-
202 639 3700:# 3
-2-
The committee is scheduled to announce its decisions in mid-
March. Funding for proposals that are approved by the committee
will come from the remainder of the $52.5 million in designated
donations after payment of the emergency relief bills.
Moody, Chairman of the Executive Committee of security
Pacific Corporation, said that any money remaining after those
bills are paid and the committee-approved proposals are funded
will be placed in a special Red Cross fund designated for
earthquake relief and preparedness in northern California.
He said these might include purchasing and aquipping
additional emergency response vehicles, stockpiling of emergency
squipment, such as generators and other supplies, as well as
earthquake education and survival training programs.
"It is and always has been Red Cross policy to stay on the
job in a disaster until the job is done and all victims are cared
for," Moody said. "In the case of the northern California
earthquake, an unprecedented outpouring of generosity by people
all over the country may make it possible for us to go even
further to help prepare northern Californians for any future
disasters."
###
02/21/90 11:11
010
TO: OHQS, Attn. VP/GMs, Managing Directors, FSMs, Disaster
Services, OFD; All KRCs, Attn. Chairmen/Managers, Disaster
Services, PRDs, OFD; All Domestic Stations; Canandian Red Cross,
Attn. Rita Cloghesy.
FROM: Edgar C. Good, Jr., General Manager, Corporate
Communication
DATE: Tuesday, February 20, 1990 TWX0220.90a
SUBJECT: Chapter Information Bulletin--Northern California
Earthquake/Designations
Chairman George F. Moody, with the support of the Executive
Committee of the Board of Governors, has determined that all
funds designated by donors for use in responding to the October
17 Northern California earthquake, will be used to support
continuing aid for earthquake victims and for earthquake
preparedness in Northern California. This move represents a
change in organizational practice. Existing board policy states
"that disaster contributions received in excess of actual
disaster costs be utilized to support national disaster relief
operations."
Present policy does not address the disposition of designated
disaster funds. The funding situation in Northern California
demanded immediate action, which, in the absence of such a
policy, the Red Cross chairman and Executive Committee
authorized. The issue of designations will warrant future board
action.
"There are times, in the face of extraordinary circumstances,
when the Red Cross must be flexible and creative in managing its
services to people. Never have we seen such a strong expression
of donor intent as we have witnessed in the aftermath of this
earthquake. With donor wishes a growing factor in the
philanthropic environment, the Board's Executive Committee
recognizes the need to expand Red Cross policy so as to balance
our sensitivity to donor wishes, on the one hand, and to victims'
needs, on the other," Mr. Moody said.
Several factors led to the Executive Committee's decision:
The audit of contributed funds concluded last week, identified
the record $52.5 million in earthquake designations.
February 16 was the deadline for the submission of proposals
for additional Red Cross help in meeting the needs of earthquake
victims. Approximately $48 million in such proposals have been
submitted. A special committee is currently reviewing these
proposals to determine which proposals relate to disaster-caused
needs and are therefore appropriate for Red Cross to fund.
1
02/21/90
11:12
011
There has been increasing pressure to use all earthquake
designations in Northern California. Media accounts of that
pressure have appeared, nationally, threatening to weaken the
public's confidence in Red Cross as a means of assisting people
in need. "We must maintain the credibility of our organization
in the eyes of the public," Mr. Moody emphasized.
The following release was distributed at noon, EST, today.
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
RED CROSS ANNOUNCES PLANS FOR EARTHQUAKE RELIEF FUNDS
BURLINGAME, CA, Feb. 20, 1990 -- The American Red Cross announced
today, that, consistent with donor requests, approximately $40
million in earthquake disaster relief funds will be used to
support continuing aid for earthquake victims and earthquake
preparedness in northern California.
George F. Moody, National Chairman of the Red Cross, said the
exact amount will represent the remainder of $52.5 million in
donations designated specifically for earthquake relief after all
bills are paid for Red Cross emergency relief in the wake of the
October earthquake. Those now total over $12 million, but the
cost will go higher as additional bills come in.
The Red Cross earlier established a special Northern California
Earthquake Relief Fund to solicit and review additional
earthquake relief needs. The fund's 10-member committee, headed
by John B.M. Place, former Chief Executive Officer of Crocker
Bank, is presently reviewing proposals for ongoing, additional
relief programs from government agencies and service
organizations in the quake-stricken areas, including San
Francisco, Oakland, Santa Cruz and Watsonville.
The committee is scheduled to announce its decisions in mid-
March. Funding for proposals that are approved by the committee
will come from the remainder of the $52.5 million in designated
donations after payment of the emergency relief bills.
Moody, Chairman of the Executive Committee of Security Pacific
Corporation, said that any money remaining after those bills are
paid and the committee-approved proposals are funded will be
placed in a special Red Cross fund designated for future
earthquake relief and preparedness in northern California.
He said these might include purchasing and equipping additional
emergency response vehicles, stockpiling of emergency equipment,
such as generators and other supplies, as well as earthquake
education and survival training programs.
"It is and always has been Red Cross policy to stay on the job in
a disaster until the job is done and all victims are cared for,
Moody said. "In the case of the northern California earthquake,
an unprecedented outpouring of generosity by people all over the
2
02/21/90 11:12
012
country may make it possible for us to go even further to help
prepare northern Californians for any future disasters."
END OF RELEASE
The contents of this message should be used in responding to
media inquiries locally. For additional assistance in managing
media inquiries, contact External Communications at national
headquarters on 202-639-3200.
3
FEB-21-90 WED 19:45
supplies
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20201
I
Executive Secretariat
FER 21 1322
NOTE TO JUSTINE D'ANDREA
Justine,
For your information, here are
copies of the Red Cross articles
received from our San Francisco
Regional Office.
Robin Robin H. Carle
Executive Secretary
to the Department
Attachments
[
FEB-21-90 WED 19:44
HS REGION IX COMM CENTER
NO. 791
P002/005
San
Francisco
EXAMINER
2/15/90
40 million in Red Cross
'surplus' still not enough
these people are going to be with-
get a Httle uncomfortable when we
3 counties say they
out homes. It's that basic."
talk about 8 surplus. It is yet to be
The financial straits of the
determined how much will be left
need twice as much
quake-ravaged communities took
over."
on added significance with Mon-
to replace housing
The Federal Emergency Man-
day's disclosure that the Red Cross
agement Agency has distributed
has collected $52.5 million in earth-
lost in earthquake
$20 million for temporary housing
quake relief donations while spend-
and $21 million in individual and
ing $12.1 million on damage related
family grants, and has brought in
By Andy Furillo
to the 7.1 Loma Priota quake.
115 trailers for quake-displaced
OF THE EXAMINER STAPP
Cities, counties and social ser-
Watsonville residents.
The $40 million in so-called sur-
vice agencies have until Friday to
The SBA, meanwhile, bas ap-
plus earthquake relief funds accu-
submit funding proposals to the
proved $229 million in low-interest
mulated by the Red Cross is only
Red Cross, but whether the surplus
loans to 7,339 out of 21,032 appli-
about half of what officials in three
will be spent in Northern Califor-
canta in the earthquake sone.
nis or on future disasters elsewhere
hard-hit counties say they need to
But the need for even more
remains to be soon
alleviate the housing crisis created
housing assistance been't dissipat-
by the Oct. 17 temblor.
"That's premature," said Red
ed, especially among farm workers
Besides San Francisco, which
Cross spokeswoman Barbara Loh-
in Watsonville, senior citizens in
already has applied for $11 million
man, when asked whether the
Santa Crus and welfare recipients
for two service centers for the
funds will be disbursed locally. "I
(See RED CROSS, A-26]
homeless, the city of Oakland has
asked the Red Cross for $8 million
to 810 million for a similar facility.
Both cities say the quake's toll on
low-income housing precipitated
their requests.
In Santa Crus County, the city
of Watsonville is short at least $40
million to replace 196 destroyed
single-family homes, while the city
of Santa Crus needs an estimated
815 million to restore 400 single-
room occupancy units, officials
said. So far, the two cities have
asked the Red Cross for only a
fraction of the replacement costs.
While the federal government is
financing much of Northern Cali-
fornia's temporary and long-term
housing costs, officials surveyed
this week said the Red Cross' sur-
plus also could go a long way to.
ward reducing the area's quake.
geparated misery,
Watsonville City Manager John
Radin said most of the people in his
town whose homes were destroyed
had applied for Small Business Ad-
ministration low-interest loans, but
that many had been declared inell-
gible.
"A lot of them are falling
through the cracks," Radin said.
"There were 40 or 50 of them at our
council meeting (Tuesday) night,
and they're wondering what's hap-
FEB-21-90 WED 19:45
P.03
HS REGION IX COMM CENTER
NO. 791
P003/005
RED CROSS from A-1
town would push for part of the
quake.
Red Cross 'surplus'
surplus.
Mayor Lionel Wilson said the
"I want to work with the Red
"tenor" of a meeting he had had
still not enough
Cross at this point," Wormboudt
with Red Cross representatives on
said. "I'm not interested in picking
Tuesday indicated to him that the
in Oakland and San Francisco.
& fight with them. They are break-
agency would approve the city's
leading officials in those cities to
ing precedent in leaving money be-
funding request for the service cen-
cast a long view on the Red Cross
hind where they had a disaster. If
ter.
we can negotiate with them about
Wilson said Oakland officials
surplus.
it, that's wonderful."
had also asked the Red Cross for
Help for affordable housing
In Oakland, officials have asked
money to replace 100 of the lost
"That surplus could help us ac-
the Red Cross for $8 million to $10
single-room occupancy housing
quire land." Watsonville's Radin
million for the multipurpose hour-
units.
said. "Here, it's going for $250,000
ing center to assist the low-income
"Very definitely." Wilson said,
to $400,000 an acre. In order to
residents of 1,900 single-room oc-
"we could use some of that sur-
subsidize it, you've got to get it
cupancy housing units lost in the
plus."
down to $15,000 or $20,000 an acre
to build affordable housing."
Radin said it would cost the city
at least $40 million to replace the
196 homes. many lacking insur-
ance, destroyed by the quake.
Looking at the Red Cross funds, he
said. "If I had $10 million, I could
solve a lot of problems."
In Santa Cruz. City Manager
Richard Wilson estimated it would
cost $15 million to replace 400 low-
and moderate-income units, most
of which housed senior citizens,
that were destroyed or rendered
uninhabitable.
Owners of the buildings have
atill not decided whether to rebuild.
or how they might pay for doing so,
leaving the city in need of "very
substantial sums," said Wilson.
In earlier negotiations with the
Red Cross, when the agency be-
lieved its surplus would be only
about $10 million, Santa Cruz
County officials said they had de-
cided to sook a total of $3 million of
the surplus funds. They said they
had asked for that amount at the
direction from the Red Cross.
Awalting final results
Now, Watsonville officials are
waiting to see the final surplus to.
tale before submitting another
funding request, while Santa Cruz
Mayor Mardi Wormhoudt declined
to say whether officials in the beach
FEB-21-90
WED
19:45
AS REGION IX COMM CENTER
NO. 791
P004/005
San Francisco EXAMINER 2/15/90
Be generous, Red Cross
Funds donated for earthquake relief should be
dispensed primarily for that relief
HE DISPUTE between
maximize generosity.
For to err on the side of generosity in this
T
some city officials in
the Bay Area and the
case would be to reduce a great deal of pain
American Red Cross
and loss that will be years in getting fully
heated a bit more this
addressed, at the best. For many people
week with a fuller dis.
with financial or property injuries, or hous-
closure of how earth.
ing deprivations, the full impact remains to
quake relief donations have been spent. For
be assessed, much less redressed. And for
quite & while we have beard that vastly
some people, disappointment in getting
more money was contributed for aid to this
help from the Federal Emergency Manage-
area after the Oct. 17 quake than has been
ment Agency makes the Red Cross deci-
spent in the area, to relieve the anguish of
sions on assistance all the more important.
that temblor.
All the measuring for needed assistance
Now the Red Cross calculates it has
will take a while, as the Red Cross seems to
received $52.5 million altogether for such
recognize. A spokeswoman said it expects
relief. It has dispensed thus far $12.1 mil-
its expenditures in Northern California to
lion. Another $10 million has been desig-
top out at between $13 million and $16
nated by the Red Cross as a special fund for
million. That does not anticipate the
meeting "extraordinary" disaster relief
spending of very much of the special fund
needs in Northern California. So while
of $10 million. much less the larger spillover
much aid has been given here in the wake of
of giving as against spending. We think the
the quake, to meet pressing needs, there is a
Red Cross should raise its expectations of
conspicuous spillover of funds. in those
further outlay in San Francisco, Oakland
donated specifically in response to this Bay
and other stricken parts of the area by a
Area shakeup. All those people who gave
good many millions more than that. It
for quake relief have a right to expect that
should rethink its policies somewhat, in
money will be spent for such relief. Some
deciding on how far to go in addressing the
$40 million stands there, unspent and un.
question of homeless people.
committed. And some public officials, no-
It is reluctant to give assistance, normal-
tably Mayor Art Agnos, want much of that
ly emergency aid, for a city's chronic,
money committed for further local aid, in-
pre-existing needs that go back to the time
cluding housing for people whose homeless-
before the natural shock that caused the
ness in this city may be owing to the quake.
emergency. But the loss by quake damage
There are questions here of Red Cross
of a large number of low-rent rooms that
policy (it prefers to save cash surpluses so
are the only accessible refuge of the street
as to be able to deal speedily with future
homeless divesta many abivering people on
disasters) and of ability to identify the
the streets of their main hope of obtaining
origins of personal misfortunes, such as
shelter. Hence. in a sense, they are victims
urban homelessness. Some dispute as to
of the quake, this long after the quake.
definitions of aid qualification perhaps was
The post-quake damages are diverse and
inevitable. Certainly the Red Cross has to
call for flexibility in deciding on the uses of
set some limits, under reasonable criteria,
those excess millions. For really, when all
on its local spending. But it does have a lot
the human needs are counted, flowing from
and
wA
think
that fearsome day, there may not be much
FEB-21-90 WED 19:46
P.05
HS REGION IX COMM CENTER
NO.791
P005/005
San Francisco EXAMINER 2/15/90
DONATIONS
FEB-21-90 WED 19:53
09:35
DHHS REGION IX COMM CENTER
NO. 682
P002/003
San Francisco EXAMINER
2/9/90
Agnos wants
a is
DUS
Red Cross'
quake 'profit'
Until Agnos, Oakland Mayor
Agency collected
Lionel Wilson and others started
protesting, Agnos said, the Red
at least $10 million
Cross was "raising a lot of money
and preparing to leave the area
more than was
with B lot of unmet needs of people
who were left behind M victims and
spent on local aid;
take that money back to Washing-
S.F. asks for audit
ton."
Final accounting still due
By Larry D. Hatfield
Although Red Cross spokesman
OF THE EXAMINER STAFF
Dan Prowitt said & final accounting
More money was collected in the
of relief funds wouldn't be ready for
wake of the Oct. 17 earthquake
another work or so, Intest figures
than the American Red Cross is
indicate the Red Cross collected at
prepared to dole out, and Mayor
least $10 million more for earth.
Agnos thinks Northern California
quake relief in Northern California
should get it.
than the $16 million It spent.
"I believe there's more there," a
In the face of growing hostility
testy Agence said of Red Cross plans
from Agnos and others, the Red
to distribute at least $10 million in
Cross revised its policy of taking
special earthquake funds for home-
any surplus donations to the next
less and other programs. "That's
disaster and not up s special com-
why we're asking for a full, unadul-
mittee to disbures the $10 million
terated public accounting of do-
"special relief fund."
nations they collected from all over
This was done despite opposi-
the world"
tion within the Red Cross from
In an interview with The Exam-
those who argued the donated
iner Thursday, Agnos said be was
being careful in what be said be-
[See RED CROSS, back page]
cause he still wanted to get money
from the Red Cross. But at the
I
same time he called the Red Cross
"an antiquated agency that needs
to be brought up to date."
"They're doing things like they
did in the 1920s," he said.
"The reason is they have a
horse-and-buggy kind of philoso-
phy. They come into town and pro-
vide tents, blankets, coffee and
doughnuts. In our case, we didn't
need tents.
So we're saying help
us with our other needs."
FEB-21-90 WED 19:54
P.02
09:36
DHHS REGION IX COMM CENTER
NO. 682
P003/003
Prewitt said as many as 20 re-
quests already had been made by
county and local governments and
private agencies to tap the special
fund and that he expected "quite a
Large number more" before next
RED CROSS from A-1
Friday's deadline.
Agnos wants rest
He said he expected the requests
to be well in excess of the money
of quake donations
available, which won't actually be
disbursed until mid-March.
money should be used only for im-
For example, among the re.
mediate victims of the earthquake.
quests is $11 million by San Fran-
Agnos and others wanted to use it
cisco for two multiservice homeless
for the chronically homeless and
centers that would provide counsel-
others who were in need before the
ing. shelter and other services.
quake.
Agnos said the next time The
"One of the rube is that the Red
City was hit by a disaster, he'd set
Cross has refused to acknowledge
up his own fund-raising operation.
or has been trying to ignore the fact
"We learned how to do it from
that homeless people were victims
the Red Cross," the mayor said,
of the earthquake," Agnos said.
adding that Red Cross officials ini-
He argued there was no differ-
tially seemed more concerned with
ence between the "now homeless"
setting up thoir toll-free donation
and the "old homeless," noting that
number than in helping victima.
more than 700 residential hotel
Agnos also said his own $16.7
rooms used by the homeless South
million "beyond shelter" homeless
of Market and in the Tendericin
program announced last summer
had been wiped out by the quake.
was knocked for a loop by the 7.1
The Red Cross insists those who
quake.
were living in the destroyed hous-
"The quake derailed our sched-
ing were "pre-earthquake home-
ule, but it also created an opportu-
less," to which Agnos responded,
nity for US to leverage the conven-
"Of course they are. So what?"
tional funds we were prepared to
When the Red Cross goes to
spend, and still are, with the earth-
"most other places, like Des
quake funds available from state
Moines." Agnos said, "the people
and federal sources and private
say, 'Hey, thanks for the dough-
funds," Agnos said. "With those,
nuts' We're going to challenge
we have stitched together a plan we
that. We expect to get our share,
can implement to deal with home-
We want our money. so we can do it
Instices
that will end it as we
ourselves."
know it."
/11/90
RedCross
Toble is original
POTUS visits
Teft
Wilson
Hoover
E.St. Bulding
Coolidge went to cornessione loying
1930
Hoover exisited for dedication
Rud Cross
Burden
737 -8300 =
M
Potrick Gilbo 639 -34/19
THE white HOUSE
Williem
1915, washington loying presided overnerstore
loH was 1st Prus.
FDR Red Cross month
Cuntrol Committee Room,
All Presis Wires up to
Truman were very involved
THE white house
washington
Wilson had heard of sheep
during WWI
money to R.C.
Actioned wool ok sore
Every Fub. goes on P.SA.
BY d signs proc. for
Rud Cross Month in
March
Senste Wine's Unit - B2 Choirmanot
V.Px with traditionally involved
Class Borbin Sonded THE
11:00p.m
white HOUSE Dec 19
washington @ having (lora) Benemany
in Glen Echan
Feb. Feb. (DL.) Board remponing Meeting G.D. Sen ER Clarm Pork Parkway Borton
I
May2025 Orlando, FD
Balt Diego
Nodl. Convention
of appointed by POTUS
George 7. Moody Chrmn
12 delegdes - st - large
30 other members
Oct. Board Mestire LDC.)
Committee Pherefies
THE white HOUSE
washington
to Sect- of Tress.
Sect of St.
Chrmn Crowe Carasos
Boker
may be VAC oncies
Chenney Sullived
/ but no more than 3 from DOD
T.R. 1906
Spid R. 5 should
be in charge
Red Cross
Questions for Potrick Gilbo
- name of board - Central Committee Room
- date of board museting M 23-25 on Fri. ?
Feb dinner
- name of table
- pictures in room - of Taft & Central Comm
d Mobel Boprdmon
Lott - 1st pres.
Meetings is that 500m since 1917
maybe Woodrow Wilson visited
Gen. Mprshall
(Adm. Grayson - Chairmon during Witson
Red Cross
Retorded mon who sbve
$1 every 2 weeks od his
Social Security
OF
of
RETURN TO ARCHIVES
Joctin
+
THE AMERICAN RED CROSS
300.02
NEWS SERVICE
JAN
28
to
FOR RELEASE SUNDAY MORNING, JANUARY 24, 1926.
Washington, D. C., January 24
For the first time in the history of
the country. the wives of four Presidents of the United States, together with
the wife of the Vice-President, will become officers of the same organization.
This became known today when the American Red Cross made public the acceptances
of Mrs. Calvin Coolidge as Honorary Chairman, and Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, Mrs. Wil-
liam Howard Taft, Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt and Mrs. Charles G. Dawes, as Honorary
Vice-Chairmen of its National Committee on Volunteer Service.
Each of the new officers expressed personal interest in the work of the
Red Cross volunteer workers in their letters accepting the invitation of Miss
Mabel T. Boardman, Chairman of the Committee, who acted on behalf of the Central
Committee. Mrs. Coolidge, who has publicly stated that the Red Cross is the
only organization of which she is a member, said she has always been very much
interested in this work, and conveyed her wishes for an ever increasing service.
Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, after declaring her willingness to serve, added: "It
would be quite impossible to refuse." Mrs. Woodrow Wilson said: "I need not
assure you of my deep interest in the Red Cross and all its splendid work, and
although it has been my custom to decline honorary memberships on committees,
I feel in this great mission for humanity I will be proud to have my name asso-
ciated."
The volunteer work of the Red Cross, over which the Committee has general
supervision, is done by thousands of women all over the country. Their work
includes, among other services, making garments for use in times of disasters
21394
- 2 -
and whenever they are needed; preparing surgical dressings, making Christmas
bags for American soldiers serving in our insular possessions and foreign
territory, and transcribing books into Braille for the use of the blind. Ninety
percent of all Braille transcribed in this country is done by Red Cross volunteer
workers.
300.00 Trasedents
The extent of this work is evidenced by the fact that during the last
year the volunteers have made 181,330 garments, 1,356,636 surgical dressings,
and have transcribed by hand 105, 946 pages of Braille.
#########
21394
he Red Cross Courier
(12)
December I, 1927
of gravel several feet deep. It is a sad case, appealing with
town in Sabine Parish, brought no answers, War Service at
peculiar force to humanitarian sentiments.
National Headquarters requested the assistance of the post
Gifts have flowed in to Vaduz, the capital of Liechten-
master at the small town The request brought immediate
stein, from near and far. As usual the American Red Cross
response-and this:
"Well do I recall the day, back in 1918, when I was
has manifested its fine spirit. Switzerland has contributed,
and so has Austria. Altogether perhaps more than $150,-
picked up unconscióus on the field of Soissons, with a bullet
000 have been collected in cash or in supplies. But relief
through one leg and my right foot shattered, Then when
I did awaken, one of the first things I saw was your blessed
on a larger scale is urgently needed, since winter is coming
Red Cross on the arm of my nurse. God bless her. I have
on and homes and crops have been ruined. The princi-
forgotten her name, but she was an angel, anyway. So do
pality may conceivably be able to negotiate a loan. It does
not hesitate at any. time to call on me for any service I
seem, however, that people more prosperous should adequately
can give you."
succor the smitten nation and with voluntary contributions
Here is a remembrance from a veteran of the World War,
help it to get back on its feet and recover as quickly as may
enhanced by the joy of giving a service and feeling a joy
be from its stark bereavement.
in doing something for his Red Cross. This extract from
this postmaster's letter is a perfect tribute. Incidently
this veteran had induced the parents of the worried
D
OWN in the central western part of Louisiana, in
soldier to write letters to him; he addressed the letters so
Sabine Parish, the Red Cross has no Chapter. When
as to be sure the soldier would get them, and included a
a young colored man attached to the Field Artillery school
little note of his own, for he had known the young colored
at Fort Sill, Okla., wrote that his letters to home, a small
man for years before he entered service in the Army.
Mrs. Coolidge as "Grey Lady" Visits Great Hospital
FIRST LADY SPENDS MORNING WITH DISABLED VETERANS
RS. CALVIN COOLIDGE recently pointed at-
movement. These "grey ladies," he added, get closer to the
M
tention to a new departure in hostess and entertain-
patients than the doctors or nurses, since their visits are re-
ment work in Government hospitals by wearing the
garded as personal and social instead of professional. So
uniform of a "grey lady" when she spent a morning among
they improve the morale and the mental outlook of the men.
the sick and disabled veteran patients in the Walter Reed
The President's wife was greeted with cheers at the hos-
Hospital, the Army Medical Center in Washington.
pital by all the patients able to line up to meet her. In
The "grey ladies," so called from the color of their garb,
her natural and lively manner, she shook hands and chatted
are trained volunteers, who are required to take a special
with all in the gardens and in the wards. Then, surrounded
course at the hospital. This course covers about two
by men blind, paralyzed or otherwise helpless, she read from
months, two lessons a week, and gives the students basic
Col. Charles Lindbergh's book, "We," and described her
notions of hospital organization, sanitation, treatment of
own meeting with the flyer at the White House.
various types of patients, special diets, different types of
Gen. Kennedy presented the distinguished Red Cross
mental cases, and ward management so that in an emergency
worker a bouquet of chrysanthemums from the greenhouse
they are qualified to take minor administrative positions or
maintained by the men. She also visited the new Red Cross
House with its fine
to assist the nurses.
auditorium and cosy
Other Chapters are
recreation rooms.
becoming interested in
the service initiated by
Mrs. Coolidge, who
the District of Columbia
wore the pin of a Red
Cross volunteer, is
Chapter. Gen. James
Chairman of the Na-
M. Kennedy, Medical
tional Committee of
Corps, U. S. Army,
commanding the Hos-
Voluntary Service of
the Red Cross, of
pital, said to Miss
which Mrs. William
Mabel T. Boardman,
Director of Volunteer
H. Taft, Mrs. Theo-
dore Roosevelt, Mrs.
Service, that the visit
Woodrow Wilson and
of the First Lady in
Mrs. Charles G.
the uniform should
Dawes are Vice Chair-
cause all Chapters to
take interest in the
men.
NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS
To: Mrs. Wilson
Date: May 24, 1954
From: Mrs. Braugh
Subject: Inquiry of Dr. Novoa Spade
concerning Red Cross service
of former presidents' wives.
The following information may be helpful in answering attached inquiry
from Dr. H. Novoa Spade:
In December 1925, an invitation was extended to Mrs. Calvin Coolidge to
become Honorary Chairman of the National Committee on Volunteer Service (an
advisory committee of outstanding Red Cross volunteer women). At the same
time the wives of the ex-presidents, who had been interested in the Red Cross
were invited to become Honorary Vice Chairmen of the same committee. All of
these ladies accepted. This committee was reorganized in February 1946 under
the name of National Council of Volunteer Special Services and the only honorary
member retained was the Honorary Chairman. The Committee was dissolved on
December 11, 1946. 7
The following are the dates of service of the ex-presidents' wives on
the National Committee on Volunteer Service of the American Red Cross:
Mrs. Calvin Coolidge, Honorary Chairman, December 31, 1925 - April 1929
Honorary Vice Chairman, April 29, 1929 - February 11, 1946
Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, Honorary Vice Chairman, January 5, 1926 - Feb. 11,1946
Mrs. Franklin Delano Roosvelt, Honorary Chairman, April 1, 1933-April 1945
Honorary Vice Chairman, April 1945 - February 11, 1946
Mrs. Harry S. Truman, Honorary Chairman, Sept. 13, 1945 - Feb. 11, 1946
Mrs. Truman also served as Honorary Chairman of the National Council
of Volunteer Special Services from Feb. 11 to December 11, 1946.
In addition to the above, Mrs. F. D. Roosvelt visited Great Britain in
October and November 1942 and surveyed virtually every Red Cross Club, many
isolated aeroclubs, camp clubs, and other Red Cross installations, including
many sound recommendations on Red Cross work.
recreational work in American hospitals. She brought back to Chairman, ntrware Davis
Chairman Davis appointed Mrs. Roosvelt as Special Delegate when she toured
the Southwest Pacific in August and September 1943. She rendered a service
similar to that covered in her trip to Great Britain. On this tour, Mrs. Roosvelt
wore the Red Cross Volunteer Special Service, Administration Corps, uniform.
During World War I, Mrs. F. D. Roosvelt was a very faithful canteen worker
with our District of Columbia Chapter and she served in the canteen at Union
Station. She also has done personal service through knitting sweaters for servicemen
and garments for foreign relief through the Red Cross.
An excerpt from the D. C. Chapter, Report of War Relief Activities,
1917-1919 shows the following service rendered by Mrs. Woodrow Wilson:
"When the canteen room was opened at the Union Station in the Presidential
Suite through the kindness of President Wilson, Mrs. Wilson herself, in uniform,
frequently assisted the Corps there."
We have no record of Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower ever having served with the
American National Red Cross. She may have served at some time through one or
more of our 3,700 Red Cross chapters.
nit
Mrs. Edith K. Roosvelt, wife of President Theodore Roosvelt, died in 1948.
Since Dr. Spade states that he is collecting information concerning living widows
of former Presidents, I have not checked our records concerning her service. He
probably is thinking of Mrs. Theodore Roosvelt, Jr. (Eleanor).
Hazel Hazel A. Braugh Braugh
Archives
THE
RED
NEWSLETTER
CROSS
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS AT WASHINGTON. D.C.
Vol. XVIII, No. 3
HELP US HELP
March 1969
President's Proclamation
For more than a century, men and women of good
will have recognized one symbol as being representative
of human compassion.
That symbol, revered throughout the world, is a banner
bearing a red cross on a field of white. Under it, citizens
of all nations strive to bring aid and comfort to the strick-
en, to heal the sick, and to serve those in distress.
As a member of that world fraternity, our American
Red Cross helps each of us to help our fellow man.
Through its concern and aid for members of our Armed
Forces in 30 countries around the globe, the Red Cross
last year gave help to great numbers of servicemen and
their families.
Each year the Red Cross brings emergency aid and
long-range assistance to victims of major catastrophies,
and help to sufferers of thousands of local disasters. For
the past several years it has been intensifying its efforts
to involve all segments of society in the great work of
volunteering to help others.
Every day thousands of hospitals and physicians look
to the Red Cross to provide life-saving blood and blood
products for their patients. Nearly fifty percent of all the
blood used in this country comes from this source.
Each year millions of Americans of all ages participate
"OF THE HIGHEST ORDER": Robert F. Burnside, director of the
in Red Cross classes, learning the skills of first aid, home
Red Cross Small Craft Safety Program, Vice President Robert F.
care of the sick and injured, swimming, and lifesaving.
Shea, and Charles W. Russell, deputy director of Safety Programs,
with MOTOR BOATING magazine's bronze medallion. (See story
More than two million trained volunteers devote their
below.)
time and abilities to working with patients in military
and civilian hospitals, clinics, and homes for the aged,
BOATING AWARD: The ARC's Small Craft Safety Pro-
with youth, and in community programs seeking to meet
gram was selected to receive Motor Boating magazine's
the needs of disadvantaged people.
first annual Charles Frederic Chapman Award for "altru-
To continue its mission, the American Red Cross must
ism of the highest order in the performance of distin-
rely upon us, the people of America, from whom it re-
guished service to the sport of boating."
ceives its sole support. In March 1969, the Red Cross
will ask for our help. We owe it to our communities and
In making the award. which comprises $1,000 and a
our country to respond generously to that appeal.
bronze medallion, the magazine stated that the Red Cross
NOW, THEREFORE, I, RICHARD NIXON, Presi-
was chosen nationally from two dozen individual and
dent of the United States of America, and Honorary
group entries because of its nationwide program of water
Chairman of the American National Red Cross, do here-
safety education in some 2.500 of its 3,000 chapters.
by designate March 1969 as Red Cross Month. I urge
The prize was established in the name of a retired
all Americans to maintain the strength of the Red Cross
publisher of Motor Boating who also was the author of
by volunteering their time when they can, and by
the best-selling manual Piloting, Seamanship, and Small
contributing as generously as they can.
Boat Handling. Mr. Chapman wired Robert Oswald, na-
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my
tional director of Safety Programs:
I have followed
hand this twentieth day of February, in the year of our
your water safety program with great interest and believe
Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-nine, and of the Inde-
the judges' unanimous decision is an ideal one. My con-
pendence of the United States of America the one hun-
gratulations to the American Red Cross for winning this
dred and ninety-third.
first award and my thanks for a program which has done
so much to promote recreational boating and safety for
all forms of water activities which are now enjoyed by
Richard
millions of American people, both young and old."
Richard Nixon
SE HABLA ESPANOL: Fire in an apartment building
in the middle of the night-a disaster caseworker arrives
to provide Red Cross help to the distressed families. But
there is a barrier separating those in need and those who
can provide-language. The victims know little or no
English. Their native tongue is Spanish.
More and more chapters in industrial areas are faced
with this problem. In Bridgeport, Conn., the barrier has
been hurdled, however, by the recruitment of a Spanish-
speaking disaster team.
The team was organized by Monsignor Francisco
Campagnone, whose parish is in the heart of the city's
Spanish-speaking community. The Monsignor, who is
fire department chaplain as well as a member of the
Bridgeport Chapter's disaster committee, brought in eight
volunteers, ranging from a high school senior and college
students to industrial workers.
States a chapter report: "This group was very willing
to take training even though, like most volunteers, they
are up to their eyebrows in all kinds of activities. The
Disaster Action training course was modified to suit the
group, which seemed to enjoy the training. They all plan
to take first aid, and eventually we hope to build in some
instructors in the neighborhood."
REPATRIATION: Three Chinese fishermen, rescued by
the U.S. Navy after their boat became disabled in the
Washington Post Photo
Gulf of Tonkin, have been returned to their homeland
LIKE OLD TIMES: The Senate Ladies Red Cross Unit welcomes
under arrangements worked out between the American
Mrs. Richard Nixon (center) back to the fold. On the right is
Red Cross and the Red Cross Society of China.
Mrs. Spiro Agnew, the Vice President's wife and new president
of the unit. On the left is outgoing head of the unit, Mrs.
Accompanied by a member of the ARC staff, the three
Hubert Humphrey. (See story below.)
were flown to Hong Kong from Danang, South Vietnam,
and, with the cooperation of the British Red Cross, turned
HOMECOMING: "This is one place where you don't
over to a representative of the China Travel Service at
have to worry about politics."
the airport.
The speaker was Mrs. Richard Nixon, at the first meet-
The repatriation was the latest in a series of coopera-
ing of the Senate Ladies Red Cross Unit since the inaugu-
tive efforts between the ARC and the Red Cross of China.
ration.
The relationship dates back 13 years to the time when the
Formed in 1917, the group has met regularly at the old
still-operating monthly delivery of food parcels was ar-
Senate Office Building, rolling bandages (production-
ranged for Americans imprisoned in China.
80,000 last year-now used by the D.C. Regional Blood
Center), making layettes for servicemen's wives, and per-
forming other worthwhile services.
Anyone who is or ever has been a senator's wife is
eligible to join. Traditionally, the unit's presidency is re-
served for the wife of the Vice President. Thus the unit
gained a new leader with the new administration. A week
afterward, the women met, and Mrs. Humphrey passed
the title on to Mrs. Spiro Agnew.
Mrs. Nixon, whose term had ended 8 years before, was
a surprise visitor. After the morning session, a cake was
served that was decorated with "Welcome Back, Pat."
There was some deliberation over the First Lady's coffee
mug. Inscribed on the coffee mug of each unit member
is her name and the state she represents. The debate cen-
tered around whether Mrs. Nixon's should be labeled
California or New York. Finally, Mrs. Gerry Van der
Heuvel, Mrs. Nixon's press secretary, settled the matter by
IT'S A GIRL-A1c. Robert Gonzales, stationed on Formosa, gets
suggesting that the words "White House" would do.
the message - and the picture that his wife back at Lackland
Presiding for the last time, Mrs. Humphrey said she
AFB, Texas, has given birth to an 8 lb. 14 oz. daughter. Transmit-
ting the information is pretty Mrs. Carl Knight, an ARC volunteer
would be returning to the unit meetings often. So did
at Ching Chuan Kang. The photo of Mrs. Gonzales and daughter
Mrs. Nixon.
that supplemented the birth announcement came from Mrs.
Mildred Mench, hospital field director at Lackland.
THE
RED
NEWSLETTER
CROSS
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS AT WASHINGTON. D.C.
Vol. X, No. 8
September 1961
EIGHT DECADES of Red Cross aid to the victims of
disaster become history early this month with the
80th anniversary of the great Michigan Forest Fire
of 1881. The ARC was in its infancy then -- less
than 4 months old -- when its founder, Clara Barton,
organized a relief program valued at some $80,000
for the fire victims.
Since 1881 the Red Cross has engaged in nearly
ing the
8,000 disaster relief operations and spent over
annual
$323,000,000 helping people to resume normal living
insored
above
conditions after being struck down by disaster. This
sum includes $50,000,000 spent for relief work in
e more
other countries and in Insular territories. All 50
ss and
states have benefited by this assistance, which in-
award
cluded emergency shelter, food, clothing, medical
Calif.,
care, and financial aid in rebuilding, repairing, and
refurnishing homes on a basis of individual needs.
During the 80-year period there were 37 relief
al col-
operations in which expenditures were a million
1 com-
dollars or more. Biggest of these was in behalf of
1 ARC 1
It was like Old Home Week for Jacqueline Kennedy
victims of the Ohio-Mississippi Valley Flood of
when she attended a luncheon in her honor given by
1937, which cost $25,044,000. The second largest
e book
the Senate Ladies Red Cross unit. The nation's First
was in the Eastern States Floods of 1955, costing
Cleve-
Lady was a member for 8 years when her husband
$18,288,000. All such aid has been àn outright gift.
as ac-
"as a U.S. Senator. Shown presenting her to new and
corpo.
old friends is Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, wife of the
Vice President.
ronaut FLASH FLOODS. Simultaneous with the spawning of
won a the season's first hurricane Anna. which smashed
D.C.. Inland at British Honduras flash floods in and
al Re- round Charleston, W.Va.. claimed 22 lives, injured
high several hundred persons. and caused extensive prop-
auries erty loss. Red Cross relief operations are expected
Artist to cost more than $400,000.
Disaster workers from the Kanawha-Clay (W.Va.)
Chapter, aided by 10 national staff members and
when groups in Charleston. opened five shelters,
here more than 500 persons were housed and fed
During its years of disaster service, the American
inty
hen families were forced from their homes after
Red Cross has benefited greatly from a close work-
cearly 6 inches of rain fell in ± hours the night of
ing relationship with governmental agencies, the
and-
July 19. Hundreds of rescue workers were fed at
armed forces, and civilian organizations. Typical is
and.
:hapter mobile and stationary canteens.
this preparedness scene from the ARC Southeastern
Red Cross surveys showed 138 homes destroyed
Area disaster command post in Atlanta, Ga., where
OR.
and 1,400 damaged. More than 700 families were ex-
Weather Bureau and Civil Defense officials met with
rected to apply for ARC financial assistance in re-
the Red Cross to prepare for the hurricane season.
>>ilding, repairing, and refurnishing their homes.
Shown (I to r) are Meteorologist Eugene Deveaux,
Atlantic and Gulf Coasts reviewing their disaster
Early August found Red Cross chapters along the
Charleston, S.C.; R. B. Van Dame and Judge Thomas
H. Goodman, Thomasville, Ga., Civil Defense offi-
Reparedness plans because of the possibility of
cials; W. D. Dibrell, disaster director for South-
Arricanes in August and September.
eastern Area; and Jack L. Grantham, Atlanta Civil
Defense official.
2
3
4
5
6
8
14
9
15
10
21
22
23
20
17
18
19
28
27
35
24
30
33
34
31
32
39
40
38
37
41
36
42
The Senate Ladies Red Cross Unit of the District of Columbia Chapter is composed of wives of present and
former senators and widows of late senators. About half of them meet each Tuesday while Congress is in
session to sew and make surgical dressings for hospital use. Current president is Mrs. Richard M. Nixon,
wife of the Vice President. Identified by number and state, the group above includes: 1. Mrs. J. Allen Frear,
Jr., Del.; 2- Mrs. Winston L. Prouty, Vt.; 3- Mrs. Hugh Scott, Pa.; 4- Mrs. John J. Williams, Del.; 5- Mrs.
Ernest Gruening, Alaska; 6- Mrs. Thomas E. Martin, lowa; 7- Mrs. Clinton Anderson, N.Mex.; 8- Mrs. Frank
Carlson, Kans.; 9. Mrs. Charles Tobey, N.H.; 10- Mrs. Robert La Follette, Wis.; 11- Mrs. Clifford Case, N.J.;
12- Mrs. Oren Long, Hawaii; 13- Mrs. Everett B. Jordan, N.C.; 14- Mrs. William E. Proxmire, Wis.; 15- Mrs.
CON
Thomas J. Dodd, Conn.; 16- Mrs. Olin D. Johnston, S.C.; 17- Mrs. Arthur Watkins, Utah; 18- Mrs. Stephen M.
natio:
Young, Ohio; 19- Mrs. E. L. Bartlett, Alaska; 20- Mrs, Frank Church, Idaho; 21- Mrs. Ralph Yarborough, Tex.;
will
22- Mrs. Frank J. Lausche, Ohio; 23- Mrs. Leverett Saltonstall, Mass.; 24- Mrs. Nixon; 25- Mrs. J. Glenn
event
Beall, Md.; 26- Mrs. Norman Brunsdale, N.Dak.; 27- Mrs. Howard Walter Cannon, Nev.; 28- Mrs. Dennis
eantr
Chavez, N.Mex.; 29- Mrs. Joseph Clark, Pa.; 30- Mrs. Alan Bible, Nev.; 31- Mrs. John C. Stennis, Miss,; 32-
provide
Mrs. Michael (Mike) Mansfield, Mont.; 33- Mrs. Jennings Randolph, W.Va.; 34- Mrs. A. O. Stanley, Ky.; 35-
multi:
Mrs. Stuart Symington, Mo.; 36- Mrs. Edward R. Burke, Nebru; 37- Mrs. Henry C. Dworshak, Idaho; 38- Mrs.
Bos
Hiram L. Fong, Hawaii; 39- Mrs. Everett Dirksen, III.; 40- Mrs. John Sherman Cooper, Ky.; 41- Mrs. Prescott
and P
Bush, Conn.; and 42- Mrs. Andrew F. Schoeppel, Kans. The unit has been active since its organization in 1917.
repres
to su
Chair
PARTICIPANTS in the White House Conference on
Cross
Assis
Children and Youth, which ends April 2, included 14
CHARITY games held by the American Con-
American Red Cross representatives.
tract Bridge League for the ARC netted
Public
In addition to national headquarters staff members,
and :
about $55,000 from June through January.
the delegation included two young adults, Terry Joan
Since then, tourneys have been held in Mas-
Readi
when
Spradling, Union City, Ind., and Donald W. Tinsman,
sachusetts, Florida, Connecticut, Illinois,
Winchester, Va., and six Junior Red Cross repre-
and Ohio. Others are set for April in Corning,
life P
N.Y., and Tallahassee, Fla., making a total
chairm
sentatives -- Melvin T. Axilbund, Philadelphia, Pa.,
Charlene M. Bowling, Seattle, Wash., Thomas Jackson,
of about 160 games. The 1959-60 charity
ice fo:
Wichita, Kans., Jane Ostler, Dallas, Tex., Garnetta
Mis:
games end in June.
M. Potee, Baltimore, Md., and William E. Pursley,
It is not too late for chapters to talk to
ofthe
Charlotte, N.C.
their local bridge clubs about holding a
ing ir
The ARC also nominated four international guests
charity game. So that final reports may be
genera
to the conference -- Dr. Goetz Fehr and Charles
complete, all participating Red Cross chap-
be fiv
Schussele, League of Red Cross Societies, and Dr.
ters are urged to report games played and
as rec
John Phair and Kathleen Herman, Canadian Red
proceeds promptly to their area office.
be a 4
Cross. All are JRC officials
operat
4
February 9, 1990
MEMORANDUM FOR DAVID DEMAREST
THROUGH:
CHRISS WINSTON
FROM:
STEPHANIE BLESSEY
SUBJECT:
RED CROSS EVENT
The following is a tenative outline for the President's
February 23, visit to the Red Cross.
I. Backround
A. The Central Committee will be meeting from February
Seneral on
23-25 to make the policy for 1990. This year's focus
will be on:
1. Expanding international aid
2. Blood services
3. Training the younger generation (20-30 year
olds) to be Red Cross leaders.
II. Setting
of Garis Hall has
behind
A. designed The Board/Room for the Red with Cross three enormous Tiffany windows/ President and
B. Proclamation signing table -- from
Six Eight atstanding R.C. volunteers /Ages 18-34)
- "Ster Players'
standing floricing the Pres.
III Emat Honorapy Choirmonot R.C.
R As Gine remarks about their this year's
to
Red Cross gools
2 Thank them for their commitment
L
Addresses Board and R.C. volunteers
Confress for S.C. ok CA
I. Red Cross - A star of light
to
b. A. Red Cross is building on its proud
heritage to make D brighter future
1. Beginning s/ Tott POTU S has
been Honorary Chairman
2. Ex. of
3. Red Cross involvement
instruction, to first sid, Dispoter relief
D. from blood services to swimming
is not the only the R.C. cloes
b. Internationally - "played P
quiet, yet often cruciel role
RC of Derm Hungery
1.
Aid to E. German retyea
- provided emergency food, clothing ok medical and
to new refugees
2. 100 internatt. disaber relief
5/ Dor. Dn. since 1923 when earthquake
nit Armenia (12k8
3. 1,200 RC. fohnteers
helped in Bangladush flood.
(9/87)
4. Lounched AIDs education
"compaign (1986
C. This year focussing on
1) Preventive care "Play your Pard"
tu dersl w/ disposter
P. preporing commenities
b. Blood services
to be headers tomorrow
H 2.) Training Hourser generations
P. Thank Commend 6
Stor Players" with standing w/ him
& congratulate them for becoming Prus.
points of light
They Are the lunders
of the new generation of RC. volunteers
CHI
B. Conclusion
1. Signifigance of March ps Red
Cross month
2 Sign proclemation
I ke in 6/45 address to Congress
"It has stten seemed to be the friendly
hand of this nation reaching Across the
sea to sustain its fighting men."
February 12, 1990
MEMORANDUM FOR CURT SMITH
FROM:
STEPHANIE BLESSEY
SUBJECT:
RED CROSS REMARKS
The following is a thematic outline for the Red Cross
remarks:
Theme: Red Cross - a star of light
I. Red Cross is building on its "generations of service" to
make a brighter future
"It is not in its past that the glories or benefits of the
Red Cross lie, but in the possibilities it has created for
the future, in the lessons it has taught, in the avenues to
humane effort it has opened.
that shall constitute a
bulwark against the mighty woes sure to come sooner or later
to all people and all nations. "
Clara Barton
1904
A. Beginning with Taft, the President has been the
honorary chairman
B. Examples of Presidential activity
1. "[The Red Cross] has often seemed to be the
friendly hand of this nation reaching across the
sea to sustain its fighting men."
General Eisenhower
June, 1945
Address to Congress
"The American Red Cross is the warm heart of a
free people.
President Eisenhower
Chicago, Ill
February 28, 1949
3. "I have had occasion to observe closely the
magnificent work of the millions of Americans,
young and old, banded together under the Red Cross
symbol. It is noteworthy that one out of every
four Americans is either a Senior of Junior member
of the Red Cross."
President Truman
Letter to Basil O'Connor
June 3, 1948
4. "The strength of our splendid organization is
in its appeal to the tenderest sympathies of our
people. It embraces in its membership all races
and creeds and it knows no politics. There is
nothing narrow or sectional about it. All of our
people find unity in one great objective, the
relief of human suffering." II
F.D. Roosevelt
At Red Cross Convention
April 25, 1939
"We have constant reason to be thankful that there
is no city, town or village in our nation without
its own Red Cross chapter or branch, linking so
many millions of our people in the common cause of
neighborly service."
F.D. Roosevelt
At Red Cross Convention
May 1, 1940
During the Spanish American War President
McKinley praised the Red Cross for maintaining its
high standards and "justifying the confidence and
support" of the American people.
President McKinley
Address to Congress
1898
C. Red Cross involvement
1. Disaster Relief --
a. Dustbowls of the Depression
b. Caribbean to California (this year)
2. Disaster relief is just one part of Red Cross
involvement. Other things are blood services,
swimming instruction, first aid, and preventive
disaster instruction. And visiting nurse services,
blood services, vaccine and water safety programs,
poor and elderly services and first aid programs.
a. "On the principle that an ounce of
prevention is worth a pound of cure, " said
Boardman, 60,000 posters providing safety
info for the railroad and streetcar safety
were sent across the nation.
2. Internationally - "played a quiet, yet often
crucial role. "
a. Aid to East German refugees - Red Cross of
Hungary and West Germany provided emergency
food, clothing and medical aid to new
refugees.
b. Earthquake in Armenia -- First
international disaster relief with the Soviet
Union since 1923.
C. 1,200 Red Cross volunteers assisted with
the 1987 flood in Bangladesh.
d. Launched international AIDs education
campaign in 1986.
e. "No other organization since the world
began has ever done such great constructive
work with the efficiency, dispatch and
understanding, often under adverse
circumstances, than has been done in France
by American Red Cross in the last six
months. "
General Pershing
1918
f. American Red Cross sent tons of wheat,
corn, rye and medical supplies to a famined
Russia in the late 1800s.
g. Involved in Civil Was, Spanish American
War, WWI, WWII, Korea and Vietnam.
D. This year's focus:
1. "Play Your Part" -- theme for this year's ad
campaign
2. Training Younger generation (ages 18 -34) to be
leaders of tomorrow.
a. Commend six "Star Players" standing with
him and congratulate them for becoming
Presidential Points of Light. They are the
leaders of the new generation of Red Cross
volunteers.
II. Conclusion
A. March is Red Cross month -- all 2,800 chapters
B. Sign proclamation
(Smith/Blessey)
9 A.M.
February 15, 1990
RED
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: RED CROSS
WASHINGTON, D.C.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1990
Thank you for that introduction. It's always a pleasure to
address the Red Cross. // One reason is that if my speech is a
disaster, relief is close at hand. // Moreover, you prove what
Emerson said: "The greatest gift is a portion of thyself." //
Eighty-two years ago, a large man -- William Howard Taft --
began an even larger tradition. And since then, every President
has been privileged -- as I am - - to serve as American Red Cross
Honorary Chairman and proclaim March American Red Cross Month.
To Franklin Roosevelt, the Red Cross "embrac [ed] in its
membership all races and creeds." To Dwight Eisenhower, it
mirrored the "warm heart of a free people." And it was another
great President, Ronald Reagan, who rightly observed that "The
Red Cross has [always] met the challenge."
Those traits are crystalized in the three windows behind beside me
-- windows commissioned by the Red Cross in 1917, and which
represent the theme of ministry through sacrifice. They show
what the Red Cross does. // From collecting blood to combating
disaster. And what it has meant through generations of service.
Anytime there has been a need. Anywhere you are needed. //
2
( (Let me tell a story which illustrates this point. It's
about a violent winter snowstorm -- and a remote mountain cabin
all but covered by snow drifts.
( (A Red Cross rescue team was carried by helicopter to
within a mile of the cabin -- then struggled to the cabin and
shoveled a path through the snow. Finally arriving at the door,
the lead rescuer knocked. It was opened by a crusty mountaineer.
( ("We're from the Red Cross," the rescuer explained. To
which the mountaineer stratched his head. "Well, it's been a
right tough winter," he said at last. "I don't see how we can
give anything this year ")) //
A few moments later, the mountaineer got the message: That
rescue team was there to help. Just as by asking others to give
of, not to, themselves, the Red Cross has served become what I
call among "a thousand points of light" -- that vast galaxy of
voluntary associations working together to solve problems.
Franklin had a word for this. Not Ben, Arthea. // R-E-S-
P-E-C-T. // Respect for our fellow man. // That respect
demands that we reject the "Me"-Generation. As the Red Cross has
since Clara Barton. // And help form a "We"-Generation. As the
Red Cross does today in 2,800 chapters -- in over towns and
cities -- providing light at the end of the tunnel.
Look, first, at America. When Civil War seared the Union --
or the Dustbowl ravaged lives -- the Red Cross was there. As it
was in 1989 from Hurricane Hugo to Northern California. Through
CPR, AIDS education, and programs for the elderly -- the Red
3
Cross is there. Showing how the definition of a successful life
must include serving others.
That definition, naturally, is not limited to America. //
So in the late 1800s the Red Cross sent food and medical supplies
to a famined Russia. And since then has served in Wars from San
Juan Hill to Hamburger Hill. // In 1987, 1,200 Cross volunteers
assisted when Bangladesh was flooded. // Last year, you sent
the first international disaster relief to the Soviet Union since
1923. // And today, look at Germany. Where you're providing
emergency food, clothing, and medical aid to new refugees.
These efforts prove anew that a world without the Red Cross
would be a terrible cross to bear. And reinforce the importance
of your play[ing] your part" so that the volunteers of today
can become the leaders of tomorrow.
using to recent
is the phrase their
"Play your port'
For evidence, point to these men and women -- each a "Star
volunteers
player" honored by the Red Cross. Dorothy Campbell-Bell of
from helping these swimining disabled 1 to ferching the low
Nashville. Lawyer, teacher, member of nine Red Cross committees.
Or Rochester, New York's, Joe Delgado. Father of the
Organization of Latin American Students. // In Philadephia,
Bill Gallagher is a Cross leader and full-time medical student.
And in Sea Isle City, New Jersey, Karen Maiorana manages
Operation Fireside. // Then, there's Hartford's Ben Robinson.
Alender $1 his community
One of Ebony Magazine's Ten Young Leaders of America. And Debra
Johnson of Ashtabula. The 1988 Volunteer of the Year. 11to community bolstar
Hunteering during floods and tornbdoes playing her her port
That's some battalion. And today they're leading a cavalry
charge of hope and healing. They're among the more than 21,000
4
volunteers who grace settings from day-care centers to inner-city
schools. And who last year raised nearly $145 million for the
Red Cross disaster relief fund. Proving that life is measured
not by what's in our bank account -- but by holding ourselves to
account for the well-being of our community. //
I began with a story about such service to others. I'd like
to close with another. It's about a man -- Woodrow Wilson -- who
so loved the Red Cross that in 1917 he told Admiral Gary Trayson
to gather up sheep and put them grazing on the White House lawn.
"He appointed me shepherd of the flock," Trayson recalled.
"When shearing time came I reported to him that we had a little
over a hundred pounds of wool." // With that, Wilson ordered
him to send two pounds of wool to every State -- telling the
Governors to have it auctioned for the benefit of the Red Cross.
The auction raised $50,000 -- and in time, Admiral Grayson
became Chairman of the Red Cross. For like Woodrow Wilson, he
believed in "We," not "Me." And that only "Do unto others" could
define a successful life both for the individual and Nation.
You share -- you live -- that belief. And have made the
Red Cross a light unto the world. This table was used by the Red
Cross Chairman when William Howard Taft was President. So it's
my honor to now use it as I sign the proclamation making March
American Red Cross Month. Thank you for inviting me. God bless
the Red Cross. And God bless the United States of America.
#
#
#
#
(Smith/Blessey)
9 A.M.
February 12, 1990
RED
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: RED CROSS
Red Cross is not A point
WASHINGTON, D.C.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1990
but A star of light
Thank you for that introduction. It's always a pleasure to
address the Red Cross. One reason is that if my speech is a
disaster, relief is close at hand. // Moreover, you prove what
Emerson said: "The greatest gift is a portion of thyself." //
Eighty-two years ago, a large man -- William Howard Taft --
began an even larger tradition. And since then, every President
has been privileged -- as I am -- to serve as American Red Cross
Honorary Chairman and proclaim March American Red Cross Month.
To Franklin Roosevelt, the Red Cross "embrac[ed] in its
membership all races and creeds." To Dwight Eisenhower, it
mirrored the "warm heart of a free people." And it was another
great President, Ronald Reagan, who rightly observed that "The
Red Cross has [always] met the challenge."
Those traits are crystalized in the three windows behind me
-- windows commissioned by the Red Cross in 1917, and which
represent the theme of ministry through sacrifice. They show
what the Red Cross does. // From collecting blood to combating
disaster. And what it has meant through generations of service.
Anytime there has been a need. Anywhere you are needed. //
2
( (Let me tell a story which illustrates this point. It's
about a violent winter snowstorm -- and a remote mountain cabin
all but covered by snow drifts.
( (A Red Cross rescue team was carried by helicopter to
within a mile of the cabin -- then struggled to the cabin and
shoveled a path through the snow. Finally arriving at the door,
the lead rescuer knocked. It was opened by a crusty mountaineer.
( ("We're from the Red Cross," the rescuer explained. To
which the mountaineer stratched his head. "Well, it's been a
right tough winter," he said at last. "I don't see how we can
give anything this year ") ) //
A few moments later, the mountaineer got the message: That
rescue team was there to help. Just as by asking others to give
of, not to, themselves, the Red Cross has served as what I call
among "a thousand points of light" -- that vast galaxy of
voluntary associations working together to solve problems.
Franklin had a word for this. Not Ben, Arthea. // R-E-S-
P-E-C-T. // Respect for our fellow man. // That respect
demands that we reject the "Me"-Generation. As the Red Cross has
since Clara Barton. // And help form a "We"-Generation.
Joining hands -- and linking hearts -- to provide light at the
end of the tunnel.
Look, first, at America. When Civil War seared the Union --
or the Dustbowl ravaged lives -- the Red Cross was there. As it
was in 1989 from Hurricane Hugo to Northern California. Through
CPR, AIDS education, and programs for the elderly -- the Red
3
Cross is there. Showing how the definition of a successful life
must include serving others.
That definition, naturally, is not limited to America. //
So in the late 1800s the Red Cross sent food and medical supplies
to a famined Russia. And since then has served in Wars from San
Juan Hill to Hamburger Hill. // Three years ago, 1,200 Cross
volunteers assisted when Bangladesh was flooded. // Last year,
you sent the first international disaster relief to the Soviet
Union since 1923. // And today, look at Germany. Where you're
providing emergency food, clothing, and medical aid to new
refugees.
These efforts prove anew that a world without the Red Cross
would be a terrible cross to bear. And reinforce the importance
of your "play[ing] your part so that the volunteers of today
encourage phay their new port
volunteers
of
can become the leaders of tomorrow.
For evidence, point to the men and women to the sides of
me. Each a "Star player" honored by the Red Cross. Dorothy
Campbell-Bell of Nashville. Lawyer, teacher, member of nine Red
Cross committees. Or Rochester, New York's, Joe Delgado. Father
of the Organization of Latin American Students. // In
Philadephia, Bill Gallagher is a Cross leader and full-time
medical student. And in Sea Isle City, New Jersey, Karen
Maiorana manages Operation Fireside. // Then, there's
Hartford's Ben Robinson. One of Ebony Magazine's Ten Young
Leaders of America. And Debra Johnson of Ashtabula. The 1988
Volunteer of the Year. //
4
That's some batallion. And today they're leading a cavalry
charge of hope and healing. They're among the more than 21,000
volunteers who grace settings from day-care centers to inner-city
schools. And who last year raised nearly $145 million for the
Red Cross disaster relief fund. Proving that life is measured
not by what's in our bank account -- but by holding ourselves to
account for the well-being of our community. //
I began with a story about such service to others. I'd like
to close with another. It's about a man -- Woodrow Wilson -- who
SO loved the Red Cross that in 1917 he told Admiral Gary Trayson
to gather up sheep and put them grazing on the White House lawn.
"He appointed me shepherd of the flock," Grayson recalled.
"When shearing time came I reported to him that we had a little
over a hundred pounds of wool. He told me to send two pounds of
this wool to each of the States -- with instructions for the
governors to have it auctioned for the benefit of the Red Cross."
That auction raised $50,000 -- and in time, Admiral Grayson
became Chairman of the Red Cross. For like Woodrow Wilson, he
believed in "We," not "Me." And that only Do unto others"
could
define a successful life both for the individual and Nation.
,Gexs
You share -- you live -- that belief. And have made the
Red Cross a light unto the world. This table was used by the
Red Cross Chairman when William Howard Taft was President. So
it's my honor to now use it as I sign the proclamation making
March American Red Cross Month. Thank you for inviting me. God
bless the Red Cross. And God bless the United States of America.
#
#
#
#
(Smith/Blessey)
9 A.M.
February 12, 1990
RED
PRESIDENTIAL REMARKS: RED CROSS
WASHINGTON, D.C.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1990
Thank you for that introduction. It's always a pleasure to
address the Red Cross. One reason is that if my speech is a
disaster, relief is close at hand. // A larger reason is that
you prove what Emerson said: "The greatest gift is a portion of
thyself." //
Eighty-two years ago, a large man -- William Howard Taft --
began an even larger tradition. And since then, every President
has been privileged -- as I am -- to serve as American Red Cross
Honorary Chairman and proclaim March American Red Cross Month.
To Woodrow Wilson, the Red Cross was "democracy at work."
To Dwight Eisenhower, it mirrored the "warm heart of a free
people.' And it was another great President, Ronald Reagan, who
observed -- simply and accurately: "The Red Cross has [always]
met the challenge."
Wilson, in fact, was President when the three windows behind
me were commissioned by the Red Cross -- windows which represent
the theme of ministry through sacrifice. They show what the Red
Cross does. // From collecting blood to combating disaster.
And what it has meant through generations of service. Anytime
there has been a need. Anywhere you are needed. //
2
( (Let me tell a story which illustrates this point. It's
about a violent winter snowstorm -- and a remote mountain cabin
all but covered by snow drifts.
( (A Red Cross rescue team was carried by helicopter to
within a mile of the cabin -- then struggled to the cabin and
shoveled a path through the snow. Finally arriving at the door,
the lead rescuer knocked. It was opened by a crusty mountaineer.
( ("We're from the Red Cross," the rescuer explained. To
which the mountaineer stratched his head. "Well, it's been a
right tough winter," he said at last. "I don't see how we can
give anything this year. ") ) //
A few moments later, of course, the mountaineer got the
message: That rescue team was there to help. Just as by asking
others to give of, not to, themselves, the Red Cross has served
as what I call among "a thousand points of light" -- that vast
galaxy of voluntary associations of people and institutions
working together to solve problems.
Franklin had a word for this. Not Ben, Arthea. // R-E-S-
P-E-C-T. // Respect for our fellow man. // That respect
demands that we reject the "Me"-Generation. As the Red Cross has
since Clara Barton. And help form a "We"-Generation. As the Red
Cross is today. Joining hands -- and linking hearts -- to
provide light at the end of the tunnel.
what they you've dare in Aner.
Look, first, at America. When Civil War seared the Union --
or the Dustbowl ravaged lives -- the Red Cross was there. As it
was in 1989 from Hurricane Hugo to Northern California. Through
3
CPR, AIDS education, and programs for the elderly -- the Red
Cross is there. Showing how the definition of a successful life
must include serving others.
for serving
Yes, that definition is not/American alone. // And so in
the late 1800s the Red Cross sent tons of food and medical
supplies to a famined Russia. And served in Wars from Khe Sanh
to San Juan Hill. // Three years ago, when Bangladesh was
flooded, 1,200 Cross volunteers assisted. // Last year, when an
earthquake rocked Armenia, you sent the first international
disaster relief to the Soviet Union since 1923. // And today,
look at Germany. The Red Cross is providing emergency food,
clothing, and medical aid to new refugees.
These efforts prove anew that a world without the Red Cross
would be a terrible cross to bear. But Don't worry
be
and DSK all Americans
happy.
The Red Cross continues to "play your part" -- training Play your
the volunteers of today to become the leaders of tomorrow.
PART
For evidence, look at the men and women to the sides of me.
Each a "Star player" honored by the Red Cross. Think of Dorothy
Campbell-Bell of Nashville. Lawyer, teacher, member of nine Red
Cross committees. Or Rochester, New York's, Joe Delgado. Father
of the Organization of Latin American Students. // In
Philadephia, Bill Gallagher is a Cross leader and full-time
medical student. And farther east, Karen Maiorana of Sea Isle
City, New Jersey, shepherds Operation Fireside. // Then,
there's Hartford's Ben Robinson. One of Ebony Magazine's Ten
4
Young Leaders of America. And Debra Johnson of Ashtabula. The
1988 Volunteer of the Year.
That's some batallion. And today they're leading a cavalry
charge of hope and healing. They're among the more than 21,000
volunteers who grace settings from day-care centers to inner-city
schools. And who last year raised nearly $145 million for the
Red Cross disaster relief fund. Proving that life is measured
not by what's in our bank account -- but by holding ourselves to
account for the well-being of our community. //
I began with a story about service to others. I'd like to
close with another. It's about a man who one day stepped aboard
a train. And as he did, a shoe slipped off and landed on the
track. Unable to retrieve it as the train was moving, the man
calmly took off his other shoe and threw it aong the track in the
direction of the first. His fellow passengers were amazed.
Smiling, Mahatma Gandhi explained his action: "The man who finds
the shoe lying on the track will now have a pair he can use."
Gandhi believed in "We," not "Me." And that only "Do unto
others" could define a successful life both for the individual
and Nation. You share -- you live that belief. And have made
the Red Cross a light unto the world. This table was used by
the Red Cross Chairman when William Howard Taft was President.
So it's my honor to now use it as I sign the proclamation making
March American Red Cross Month.
Thank you for inviting me. God bless the Red Cross. And
God bless the United States of America.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
CYCLOPEDIA
EDITED BY
ALBERT BUSHNELL HART
AND
HERBERT RONALD FERLEGER
FOREWORD BY
WILLIAM ALLEN WHITE
REVISED SECOND EDITION
NEW INTRODUCTION, BIBLIOGRAPHY, CHRONOLOGY,
HISTORY OF THE THEODORE ROOSEVELT ASSOCIATION
BY
JOHN ALLEN GABLE
THEODORE ROOSEVELT ASSOCIATION
and
MECKLER
RECONSTRUCTION
REFERENDUM
accomplishment. This Act and the results flow-
as a man who has laid under a great debt all
ing from it have helped powerfully to prove
those all over the world who believe in re-
to the nation that it can handle its own re-
sponsible popular government. (Before Fed-
sources and exercise direct and business-like
eral Club, New York City, March 6, 1891.)
control over them. The population which the
Mem. Ed. XVI, 198; Nat. Ed. XIV, 132-133.
Reclamation Act has brought into the arid
West, while comparatively small when com-
Speaker Reed rendered a
pared with that in the more closely inhabited
great service to his party by his action as
East, has been a most effective contribution to
speaker of the Fifty-first Congress; and, by
the national life, for it has gone far to trans-
the fact of having rendered this service, placed
form the social aspect of the West, making for
himself at one leap among the foremost of the
the stability of the institutions upon which the
party leaders; but he rendered an even greater
welfare of the whole country rests: it has sub-
service to the American Republic. In order that
stituted actual home-makers, who have settled
a republic may exist there must be some form
on the land with their families, for huge, mi-
of representative government, and this repre-
gratory bands of sheep herded by the hired
sentative government must include a legisla-
shepherds of absentee owners. (1913.) Mem.
ture. If the practices to which Mr. Reed put
Ed. XXII, 450-452; Nat. Ed. XX, 387-389.
a stop were allowed to become chronic, repre-
sentative government would itself be an im-
RECONSTRUCTION. The trouble I am
possibility. Not for many years has there been
having with the Southern question
em-
a man in our public life to whom the American
phasizes the infinite damage done in recon-
people owe as great a debt as they do to
struction days by the unregenerate arrogance
Speaker Thomas B. Reed. (Forum, December
and shortsightedness of the Southerners and
1895.) Mem. Ed. XVI, 255; Nat. Ed. XIV,
the doctrinaire folly of radicals like Sumner
180.
and Thaddeus Stevens. (To James Ford
Rhodes, November 29, 1904.) Mem. Ed.
REED RULES. See DEBATE; FILIBUSTERING.
XXIII, 403; Bishop I, 350.
RECONSTRUCTION. See also CIVIL WAR.
REFERENDUM. As regards both [the ini-
tiative and the referendum], I think that the
anticipations of their adherents and the fears
RED CROSS. The Red Cross, and kindred
organizations, have done admirable work for
of their opponents are equally exaggerated.
our soldiers during the summer just past. The
The value of each depends mainly upon the
way it is applied and upon the extent and
Red Cross Society should be the right hand of
complexity of the governmental unit to which
the Medical Department of the army, in peace
it is applied. Every one is agreed that there
and war; for even the best medical department
must be a popular referendum on such a funda-
will always need volunteer aid in the case either
mental matter as a constitutional change, and
of battles or of camp epidemics. In America
in New York State we already have what is
the Red Cross should have a Federal organi-
really a referendum on various other proposi-
zation, with, in every State, chapters which
tions by which the State or one of its local
should be in close touch with the National
subdivisions passes upon the propriety of action
Guard, attending the encampments and form-
ing schools of instruction in military methods.
which implies the spending of money, permis-
(Annual Message as Governor, Albany, Janu-
sion to establish a trolley-line system, or some-
thing of the kind.
I believe that it would
ary 2, 1899.) Mem. Ed. XVII, 19; Nat. Ed.
be a good thing to have the principle of the
XV, 17.
initiative and the referendum applied in most
of our States, always provided that it be so
REDWOODS. See TREES.
safeguarded as to prevent its being used either
wantonly or in a spirit of levity.
On any
REED, THOMAS B. Speaker Reed has won
bill important enough to arouse genuine public
his place in history as one of the great leaders
interest there should be power for the people
of the great Republican party, as a man whose
to insist upon the bill being referred to popular
name is entitled to rank high among the first
vote, so that the constituents may authoritatively
in her long roll-call of honor, as a man who
determine whether or not their representatives
has rendered a service to the nation which
have misrepresented them. (Outlook, Janu-
will be more and more appreciated as time
ary 2I, 1911.) Mem. Ed. XIX, 89-90; Nat.
goes on and its worth is fully understood, and
Ed. XVII, 56-57.
[512]
VOLUME 23
Pumps to Russell
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA
AMERICANA
INTERNATIONAL EDITION "
COMPLETE IN THIRTY VOLUMES
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1829
GROLIER INCORPORATED
International Headquarters: Danbury, Connecticut 06816
RED BADGE OF COURAGE-RED CROSS
303
THE
RECTUM
a "black" symbolizes the
imetrievable past is symbolized by the "red"
RED CLOUD (1822-1909), chief of the Oglala
Sioux and a leader of Indian resistance to white
which decides to join, since, in
encroachment in the Wyoming region. He was
of peace, it is only through the church that
born near North Platte, Nebr., in 1822. As
realize his immense ambitions.
can The figure of Julien, attractive and repulsive
chieftain of the Oglala he attracted notice among
the Sioux for his feats of courage, and began to
turns, occupies the book's central position.
gather independent followers among the Sioux
scarcely less fascinating are the portraits of
and Cheyenne. In June 1866, he attended a
two women he loves: Mme. de Rênal, a ten-
meeting at Fort Laramie where federal agents
Stomach
maternal creature, and Mathilde de La Mole,
announced that the U.S. government would open
daughter of Julien's aristocratic employer and
the Bozeman Trail and construct three forts to
ardent, romantic, and highly unconventional
defend it. A branch of the Oregon Trail, it led
The book ends with Julien's execution for
from Nebraska and Colorado through Wyoming
attempted murder of Mme. de Rênal, who
Territory to the Montana goldfields. The trail
tried to stop his marriage to Mathilde. The
crossed a favorite Sioux hunting ground east of
was partly suggested to Stendhal by the
any
the Bighorn Mountains, and Red Cloud protested
of Antoine Berthet, a theological student
that it would destroy the buffalo and the liveli-
millotined in 1828 for a somewhat similar crime.
hood of the Sioux. He left the council at Fort
F. W.J. HEMMINGS
Laramie, determined to go on the warpath.
Author of "Stendhal: A Study of His Novels"
Red Cloud, with other Sioux and Cheyenne
colon
followers, mounted a campaign of harassment
Descend
RED
BADGE OF COURAGE, a novel by the Amer-
against the Bozeman Trail and its forts for two
colon
gan
writer Stephen Crane, published in 1895.
years. He attacked work parties, led the assault
The
Red Badge of Courage is the story of a
against Lt. Col. William Fetterman's unit near
woung Union recruit's first ordeal in battle in
Fort Phil Kearny in December 1866, and made
Civil War: war, always and everywhere, as
other assaults in 1867. He so harassed opera-
Rect
perienced by the man in the ranks.
tions that the government signed a treaty in
Anus
Henry Fleming, still in his teens, has spent
1868, abandoning the Bozeman Trail and the
winter in training camp. Neither he nor
three forts.
m, the lowest part of the large
regiment, the "304th New York," has ever
After that time Red Cloud advocated peace,
fecal matter, or digestive waste
wen action. Fleming is worried that when bat-
but following a quarrel with an Indian agent in
comes he may be afraid. His efforts to find
being passed out of the body
1881, he was ousted as chief of the Oglala. His
out
if his tentmates Wilson ("the loud soldier")
tribe later was moved to the Pine River in South
S.
and Conklin ("the tall soldier") share his qualms
rectum is curved, conforming to
Dakota, where he died on Dec. 10, 1909.
the sacrum and coccyx, the low.
neet with evasion or denial.
On the battlefield Fleming's regiment with-
RED CROSS, an international movement that en-
spine, on which it rests. A hol-
stands the first Confederate attack, but when it
5 inches (12.5 cm) long, it ex.
deavors to prevent and alleviate human suffering.
renewed, Fleming panics. His flight brings
sigmoid colon to the anus. The
The movement functions through the Interna-
him among the walking wounded, who include
of layers of smooth muscle and
tional Committee of the Red Cross, the League
Conklin, and all except Fleming bear a wound,
cous membrane. Its upper two
of Red Cross Societies, the International Confer-
"the red badge of courage." He panics again, lest
ly covered by peritoneum. The
ence of the Red Cross, and national societies.
the others discover his cowardice. Then, ironi-
he tube, which bulges to form
Except in Muslim countries, which use the red
cally, he receives his badge-a blow on the head
a, is relatively free in the pelvic
crescent, its symbol is a red cross on a white
a scuffle with another runaway. Fleming finds
background, the reverse of the Swiss national
his way back to his regiment, where his absence
of the colon are passed by
emblem. Iran uses a red lion and sun.
had not been noticed. On the second day of bat-
he rectum. When a person is
The International Committee of the Red Cross
the he fights brilliantly: "He had been to touch
he fecal matter, he voluntarily
is composed of up to 25 Swiss citizens. It serves
the great death, and found that, after all, it was
sphincter, and the feces pass out
as a neutral intermediary in time of conflict to
but the great death. He was a man."
protect victims of war in accordance with the
Crane's narrative technique is naturalistic.
may be examined digitally, by
four Geneva Conventions. The League of Red
Everything is told from Fleming's point of view:
visually by use of light-equipped
Cross Societies was founded in 1919. Its primary
all he knows about the battle-Chancellorsville-
wn as proctosigmoidoscopes and
role is to promote cooperation among its member
3 two fields and a tract of woodland where the
egular rectal examination is rec-
societies and to coordinate health and relief
fighting occurred. Crane had never seen a bat-
nose over 40.
efforts, particularly in meeting the needs of refu-
the, but his imagination served him well.
gees and victims of natural disasters. Meeting
DELANCEY FERGUSON, Brooklyn College
form of primitive plants found
every four years, the International Conference
ater and comprising the Rhodo-
of the Red Cross is the highest deliberative body
RED BARON, nickname of Baron von Richtofen,
the algae group. Red algae are
and includes representatives of governments
& German World War I ace. See RICHTOFEN,
of their reddish color, which is
signatory to the Geneva Conventions.
MANFRED VON.
ycobilin pigment. See ALGAE-
AMERICAN RED CROSS
The American Red Cross is a private, volun-
BLACK, a novel by the French
RED BLOOD CELL, or erythrocyte, a tiny, round
tary service organization financed mostly by vol-
Published in 1830, The Red and
or oval disk that forms the major part of the
untary contributions from the American public.
cellular component of human blood. It contains
louge et le noir) contains much
Its aims are to improve the quality of human life
sm of the political and moral
the pigment hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to
and enhance individual self-reliance and concern
the tissues and removes carbon dioxide. See
e. The first part is set in the
for others. It works toward these aims through
econd in Paris, to allow a full
BLOOD-Composition of Human Blood.
national and chapter services governed and di-
ial scene in France.
rected by volunteers. American Red Cross ser-
the young hero, is a fanatical
RED CEDAR, the common name for two species
of juniper (Juniperus): J. virginiana, a tall, coni-
vices help people avoid, prepare for, and cope
leon and looks back nostalgically
with emergencies when they occur.
n a young peasant like himself
cal tree of the eastern United States; and J. scopu-
lorum, also called western or Rocky Mountain
To accomplish its aims the Red Cross provides
position through valor in battle.
volunteer blood services, conducts community
cedar. See also CEDAR; JUNIPER.
services, and serves as an independent medium of
304
RED DEER-RED JACKET
voluntary relief and communication between the
American people and their armed forces. It main-
Canada. Situated midway
RED DEER, a city in Red beer county
tains a system of local, national, and internation-
Edmonton, it is about 90 miles
al disaster preparedness and relief and assists
the government of the United States when nec-
each city. Red Deer is at the of
essary in its efforts to meet humanitarian treaty
perous dairy, farming, and petroleum
commitments.
facturers of mobile homes, fire and
dustries include oilfield service firms and
The governing body is a volunteer 50-member
board of governors-eight appointed by the pres-
and beverages.
equipment, drill bits, transformers, and amb
ident of the United States, 12 elected by the
board itself, and 30 elected by the chapters at a
The explorer Anthony Henday was
national convention. Administration and super-
first settlement was not made until 1883.
European to visit the area, in 1754, but the
vision are provided by a national headquarters
status was attained in 1894, and the
in Washington, D.C., four field offices, and 60
was incorporated as a city in 1913.
divisions. Red Cross services are carried out by
nearly 3,000 local chapters and a staff of almost
46,393. governed by a mayor and aldermen. Popula
20,000.
ORIGINS OF THE RED CROSS MOVEMENT
RED DEER, a large deer, Cervus elaphus,
In June 1859, Henri Dunant, a young Swiss,
Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. Also
in many parts of England, Scotland, continue
arrived in northern Italy the day after the Bat-
tle of Solferino was fought. Dunant, horrified by
by many other names, including the Barbary
in northern Africa, the maral in the
the suffering of the thousands of wounded on
both sides, established a temporary hospital in a
region, and the shou in Tibet, it is very
related to the American elk, or wapiti.
church. Dunant returned to his native Geneva
and wrote about his experiences in A Memory of
The numerous subspecies and races of
Solferino, published in 1862. He proposed the
red deer differ in size, coloring, and antler
velopment. The European race is reddish
idea of permanent, neutral, volunteer societies
in summer and brownish gray in winter.
in all countries to be organized in peacetime for
adult male, or stag, stands about 4.5 feet
the care of sick and wounded soldiers in time of
meters) at the shoulder and may weigh
war.
pounds (180 kg).
A committee of five Swiss, including Dunant,
called an international conference that met in
RED GIANT, a giant star whose red color
Geneva in October 1863. The International Com-
from its relatively low temperature. Red
mittee of the Red Cross was established at this
hood is a late stage in the evolution of stary
conference, and at a second conference in August
average size, such as the sun, during which
1864 the first Geneva Convention for the protec-
star expands greatly and becomes much
tion of the sick and wounded of armies during
wartime was signed by 12 governments. Revisions
luminous. Stars). See STAR-Stellar Life Cycles (O)
of this convention and others protecting victims
of sea warfare (1906) and prisoners of war
RED GUM, the common name for Eucalyzes
(1929), as well as a new convention protecting
rostrata, a tall ornamental tree often cultiva
civilians, were signed in 1949. Virtually every
in California. The name also is applied to
nation in the world is now a party to these four
sweet gum tree (Liquidambar styraciflua).
Geneva Conventions and has a national Red
also EUCALYPTUS; SWEET GUM.
Cross society.
RED HOT POKER. See POKER PLANT.
ORIGINS OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS
Although U.S. observers attended the 1864
RED JACKET (c. 1758-1830), American Ind
conference in Geneva, the United States did not
chief of the Seneca tribe, known for his
sign the Geneva Convention at that time. It
as a politician and orator. He was born
remained for a determined woman named Clara
Seneca county, N.Y., about 1758. Though
Barton to accomplish this. On her own initiative
Indian name was Sagoyewatha, he received
she went to the aid of the wounded in the Civil
English name Red Jacket because he wore
War and became known as "The Angel of the
red coat given him by British troops during
Battlefield." Learning of the Red Cross while in
American Revolution. He took the British
Europe during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870,
in that conflict but later made peace with
Miss Barton returned to the United States to
United States.
urge the government to sign the Geneva Con-
In 1792 he visited George Washington,
vention. Not until 1882, however, did President
honored him and presented him with a silve
Chester A. Arthur sign and the Senate ratify the
medal. Red Jacket later supported the Unite
treaty.
States in the War of 1812. He clashed frequent
Clara Barton and a few friends founded the
with the government, however, because of
American Association of the Red Cross in 1881,
opposition to the introduction of foreign custom
and she was president until 1904. Miss Barton
among his people. He also opposed the
introduced the idea of disaster relief in peace-
croachment of white civilization and the sale
time and took supplies to Cuba for soldiers and
Indian land. After 1815 he advocated driving
civilians during the Spanish-American War in
whites from Indian land, particularly white
1898. Both types of service became Red Cross
sionaries. Indian opposition to his policies
obligations when the first Congressional Charter
well as his own heavy drinking led to
was granted giving authorization to the American
removal in 1827 as chief of the Seneca. He
Red Cross in 1900.
later regained his position in a general Iroquo
RUDOLF A. CLEMEN, JR.
council. Red Jacket died in Seneca Village
The American National Red Cross
N.Y., on Jan. 30, 1830.
02/12/90 14:13
c)
0001
American Red Cross
National Headquarters
Facsimile Message
B
Facsimile For: Stephanie Blessey
Company:
White House
Facsimile number: 456-6218
Sender: DebrA Rich Cooper /LYNN Martenstein
Telephone contact: Stephanie
Telephone number: 639.3216
24 hour telephone number: 202/737-8300
Total number of pages not including this cover sheet: 2
Date:
2/12/90
Comments:
External Communication
Facsimile number: 202/347-1794
02/12/90
14:13
002
DRAFT PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION
AMERICAN RED CROSS MONTH - MARCH 1990
For well over 0 century, the American Red Cross has inspired
millions of Americans to volunteer. Today, the commitment
of Red Cross volunteers -- some 1 million strong -- reaches
out to make a difference in the lives of disaster victims,
our men and women in the U.S. armed services, people in need
of life-giving blood, those who seek information about
health and safety and Americans from every walk of life who
sometimes need a special hand or caring heart.
Last year, Red Cross workers across the nation responded to
more than 50,000 emergencies, from train accidents and house
fires to floods and earthquakes. When Hurricane Hugo and the
earthquake in California struck within less than 30 days of
one another, the Red Cross rushed its people, talents and
resources to aid over 143,000 families on both coasts and in
the Caribbean. Never in the history of the American Red
Cross had so many depended on the food, clothing, shelter,
medical help and compassion of Red Cross workers. Never in
its history had Red Cross responded more ably to the call
for help from disaster victims.
The Red Cross also teaches people how to prevent
emergencies. Every Red Cross first-aid, Red Cross CPR and
water-safety course centers on the idea of self-reliance.
Every day, thousands of Red cross instructors impart life-
saving skills to young and old in communities across
America. Thanks to their efforts, some 7 million Americans
are certified yearly to provide emergency aid in life-
threatening situations.
The American Red Cross is also a leader in helping to stop
the spread of the deadly disease AIDS. In chapters across
the country, knowledgeable Red Cross volunteers provide AIDS
information to young people, religious groups, clubs,
businesses and others. Until there is a cure, education
like that which the Red Cross provides is our best defense.
Blood -- the gift of life -- comes every day from Red Cross
blood donors who voluntarily roll up their sleeves so that
the ill and injured may regain their health. Each year the
Red Cross collects and tests more than 6 million units of
blood, ensuring that the safest blood possible will be there
when it is needed.
The Red Cross also assists our active-duty military men and
women and their families with emergency communications,
information and referral services. Thousands of Red Cross
paid and volunteer staff serve on U.S. military
installations around the world, providing an important link
to home for our service men and women.
02/12/90
14:14
003
Through its transplantation services, the American Red Cross
is providing bone tissue for orthopedic procedures, skin
tissue for burn patients, temporal core bone to restore
hearing and heart valves for heart defects.
Internationally, the American Red Cross reached out a
helping hand to Eastern Europe and continued to assist the
victims of the Armenian earthquake, the hungry in Africa and
victims of disasters and armed conflicts in other parts of
the world.
Neighbor helping neighbor. American helping American.
America helping the world. That's the Red Cross, today,
tomorrow and always.
NOW THEREFORE, I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United
States of America and Honorary Chairman of the American
National Red Cross, by virtue of the authority vested in me
by the Constitution and laws of the United States, do hereby
proclaim the month of March 1990 as American Red Cross
Month. I urge all Americans to continue their generous
support and ready assistance to the work of the American Red
Cross installations. and its nearly 2,800 chapters and stations on military
+
American Red Cross
National Headquarters
Washington, DC 20006
January 22, 1990
Dear Lucy:
As we discussed on Friday, I am sending you the profiles of
six outstanding 18-to-34-year-old Red Cross volunteers, who
competed to win the honor of American Red Cross "Star
Player. " The "players" are Red Cross' cream of public-
service-minded young adults, a group which Red Cross hopes
to attract as volunteers for the 1990s and beyond. The
three men and three women, two of whom are minorities,
will debut Feb. 26 at a party and press event at New York's
Palladium Theater.
The party also will launch Red Cross' new corporate ad,
"Play Your Part, " a public service spot, which enlists
celebrity musicians to play their part as Red Cross
volunteers and encourage young people to play theirs.
The ad kicks off a three-year Red Cross strategic planning
initiative to attract young adults.
Obviously, recognition of the six "Star Players" as a
"Thousand Point of Light" would greatly increase their
credibility as spokesmen and their drawing power as
recruiters of young adult volunteers. From your
perspective, they clearly exemplify the President's
philosophy that pressing social problems "must no longer
be seen as someone's else's problems for someone else to
solve.' These youngsters find problems to solve, and solve
them.
If the "Thousand Point of Light" honor were bestowed
on the six "Star Players, " we could arrange to have the
young people in Washington, D. C., on Sunday, Feb. 25;
Monday, Feb. 26 (morning) ; or Tuesday, Feb. 27, for the
announcement or the presentation of the award. What would
be truly wonderful is if the President's schedule would
allow a brief photo opportunity with the youngsters.
I am enclosing a list of names, birthdates and social
security numbers of the "players" (Delgado I'll send
tomorrow) ; profiles of the stars; and background on the
new corporate campaign. I'm beginning to feel very
old.
Sincerely,
from
Lynn Martenstein
Director
External Communication
Enclosures
Mrs. Lucy Carney
Office of National Service
Room 100
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, D. C. 20500
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
(George Bush Library)
Document No.
Subject/Title of Document
Date
Restriction
Class.
and Type
01. Memo
List of "Star Players" in Red Cross ceremony with personal
n.d.
P-6, (b)(6)
information. (1 pp.)
Collection:
Record Group:
Bush Presidential Records
Office:
Speechwriting, White House Office of
Series:
Speech File, Backup
Subseries:
WHORM Cat.:
File Location:
Red Cross 2/23/90 [2]
Date Closed:
10/14/2004
OA/ID Number:
06894
FOIA/SYS Case #:
Re-review Case #:
2004-2265-S
P-2/P-5 Review Case #:
MR Case #:
Appeal Case #:
MR Disposition:
Appeal Disposition:
Disposition Date:
Disposition Date:
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P-1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
(b)(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P-2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
(b)(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of an
P-3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P-4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
(b)(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
(b)(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P-5 Release would disclose confidential advise between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
(b)(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P-6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
(b)(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed of
(b)(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
(b)(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
Star Players
Dorothy Campbell Bell
Home:
Office:
SS#:
DOB:
Bill Gallagher
Home:
Office:
SS#:
DOB:
Debra Johnson
Home:
Office:
SS#:
DOB:
Karan Maiarana
Home:
Office:
SS#:
DOB:
Benjamin E. Robinson III
Home:
Office:
SS#:
DOB:
Joseph Delgado
Home:
Office:
PROFILES: THE 1990 RED CROSS STAR PLAYERS
Dorothy Campbell-Bell
Nashville, Tennessee
Born:
SSN:
Home Phone:
Serving others is in Dorothy Campbell-Bell's blood. Her
mother was a nurse, and her father was a disaster volunteer.
Like so many who give of themselves, Dorothy can't say no if
there is a need.
Starting as a Red Cross swimming instructor in her teens,
today she is spearheading the Nashville chapter's AIDS education
awareness program. She has extended this effort to her local and
state Young Lawyers associations, bringing her professional clout
to the struggle against AIDS. Dorothy is also involved as a
volunteer in the Red Cross Adapted Aquatics Program and her
commitment to the disabled has brought her to chair the Very
Special Arts of Tennessee.
This would be enough for most. But Dorothy also finds time
to teach in her area of copyright law at the local university and
serve in different capacities in her church. What nourishes her?
The time she can spend with her nieces and nephews, her family
and church, and hobbies such as hiking in the mountains with her
husband, Mark.
1
Debra Johnson
Ashtabula, Ohio
Born:
SSN:
Home Phone:
When Debra Johnson took a Red Cross CPR course in 1983, she
didn't know it would be the start of a long involvement. Today,
this creative mother of two is a member of the Red Cross Board of
Directors.
Her selflessness was dramatically illustrated in 1985 when
tornadoes swept through the county on Lake Erie. Seconds before
the windows of her bedroom were blown out, she was able to get
her husband and sons headed for the basement. There were only
minor injuries. An hour later, Debra dropped her family with in-
laws, and drove to the chapter to join the Red Cross disaster
response. She worked throughout the night. When floods came to
Ashtabula in 1986, Debra was again in the thick of the Red Cross
disaster operation.
Debra does what needs to get done. That may mean disaster
services or volunteering one day a week as a Red Cross volunteer
receptionist. She has also brought her creative skills to
redesigning the interior of the local Red Cross headquarters
building. Currently, she is working as a Red Cross
representative with local and state emergency personnel on a mock
evacuation drill set for the spring connected to the local
nuclear power plant.
In what spare time she has, Debra enjoys spending time with
her family swimming and water-skiing on Lake Erie.
2
Benjamin Robinson III
Hartford, Connecticut
Born:
SSN:
Home Phone:
Ben Robinson is a young man on the move. But along the way,
he has time to stop on behalf of others.
As one of Ebony Magazine's Ten Young Leaders of America, Ben
has taken the time to invest some of his leadership abilities in
local Red Cross activities. In his mid-20s, he has been a blood
drive coordinator, a member of the disaster action team and he is
now serving on the Red Cross board of directors as its youngest
member ever Ben also speaks to minority youth in the Hartford
area about the opportunities and rewards of being a volunteer.
As a bank officer and president of the North Hartford
Federal Credit Union, Ben has used his financial and business
acumen to advise financially troubled credit unions.
Ben, a semi-professional soccer player, is an excellent
model for youth on the importance of balancing one's personal
ambitions with one's responsibility to the community.
3
Joseph Delgado
Rochester, New York
Born:
SSN:
Home Phone:
Joe Delgado credits his Puerto Rican-born father, who worked
three jobs to support his nine children, for his own ability to be
a role model for minority youth. This young school administrator's
energy, determination and successful pursuit of higher education
inspire others with similar backgrounds to achieve.
Joe's commitment to Red Cross began with the chapter's
minority initiative to recruit Hispanic youth as volunteers and
potential leaders. Joe quickly became a leader and motivated
others to become active in their community through Red Cross. By
making Hispanic youth a part of its services, the Red Cross has
become more relevant, and the youth participants have gained in
self-esteem. Joe is also involved in Red Cross efforts to award
scholarships to students who pursue health-related careers.
Apart from his work with Red Cross on leadership and
scholarship projects, Joe is the founder of the Organization of
Latin American Students (OLAS), and active in AHORA, which stands
for Access for Hispanics to Opportunities Results in Achievement.
Which says it all about Joe.
4
Bill Gallagher
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Born:
SSN:
Home Phone:
Bill Gallagher began his Red Cross volunteer work in 1981 as
a youth representative on the regional Red Cross Board of
Directors. Now a first-year medical student, Bill still combines
Red Cross activities with his demanding studies.
This veteran Penn oarsman is a certified instructor in CPR and
worked for two years in the Red Cross Penn-Jersey Region blood
labs. But it is to leadership development that he is particularly
devoted. Through Red Cross, Bill works with other youth so that
they too can reap the rewards of developing leadership abilities.
The first Red Crosser in his family, Bill has been a volunteer
teacher in American Samoa, a crew coach and a member of the Big
Friend's community group through Temple Medical School. In an
intensely busy life, Bill still finds time to help others.
5
Karen Maiorana
Sea Isle City, New Jersey
Born:
SSN:
Home Phone:
At Christmas, most of us focus on shopping and being with
family. But Karen Maiorana has her own priority--the homesick
members of the military at the United States Coast Guard Base in
Cape May, NJ.
As a Red Cross volunteer, Karen has worked with Operation
Fireside placing recruits in local homes for holiday dinners. But
Karen wanted to do more. So she has turned to the school children
in the area to create holiday cards for everyone at the base, a
project now known as Operation Mail Call.
Karen is also a member of the Red Cross Board of Directors,
a shelter manager and a chairman of the County Blood Drive
Recruiters. And that isn't all.
Apart from the Red Cross, Karen is a member of CARA (Coalition
Against Rape and Abuse), has worked with the Council on Alcoholism
and earned the Battered Boot Award for the March of Dimes Teamwalk.
Karen's unselfish approach to life is an inspiration to young and
old alike.
6