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President - Medals Medal of Freedom (1)
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4520793
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President - Medals Medal of Freedom (1)
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Philip W. Buchen Files
Philip Buchen's General Subject Files
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Independent regulatory commissions
Presidential appointments
Medal of Freedom
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The original documents are located in Box 46, folder "President - Medals Medal of
Freedom (1)" of the Philip Buchen Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
(Page 2 -- Continued)
VOL. X, p. 840
DISTINGUISHED CIVILIAN SERVICE AWARDS BOARD
Independent
NOTE: E. O. 11085 of 2/22/63. Section 3 of this Order added FIVE
members to the Board for the express purpose of nominating
persons to the President for consideration as possible
recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. This same
Executive Order also provided that Sec. 2(b) of E. O. 9586 be
amended to provide that the President may select for award of
the medal any person nominated to him by the newly added FIVE
members of the Board from outside the Executive Branch of the
government as added by Sec. 3.
E. O. 11515 revokes and does away with the language of 2(b)
of E. O. 9586, as amended, concerning how persons will be
recommended by the Board to the President by substituting a
new Section 2(b) which leaves the selection of who shall receive
the Presidential Medal of Freedom solely to the President.
This has the effect of eliminating the sole reason for which the
FIVE members from outside the Executive Branch of the govern-
ment were added to the Board by E. O. 11085.
THUS - the FIVE additional term memberships as added by
E. O. 11085 are now to be considered TERMINATED.
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
Digitized from Box 46 of the Philip Buchen Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
Title 3--Chapter II
E.O. 11515
By substituting for "(hereinafter referred to as the 'Commit-
tee') in section 201, the following: (hereinafter referred to as the
'Citizens' Committee')".
(8) By substituting for the term "the Committee", wherever it
occurs, the following: "the Citizens' Committee".
Richal Nixon
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 5, 1970.
Executive Order 11515
TERMINATING CERTAIN BODIES ESTABLISHED BY THE PRESIDENT
By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United
States, it is hereby ordered as follows:
SECTION 1. Interdepartmental Highway Safety Board. (a) The
Interdepartmental Highway Safety Board is terminated.
(b) Executive Order No. 10898 of December 2, 1960, and Executive
Order No. 10986 of January 12, 1962, are revoked.
(c) Execuitve Order No. 11382 of November 28, 1967, is amended by
deleting section 8.
SEC. 2. Interagency Committee on International Athletics. The In-
teragency Committee on International Athletics is terminated and
Executive Order No. 11117 of August 13, 1963, is revoked.
SEC. 3. President's Committee on Manpower. The President's Com-
mittee on Manpower is hereby terminated and Executive Order No.
11152 of April 15, 1964, is revoked.
SEC. 4. Ohio River Bridge Tragedy. There is hereby terminated the
task force established by the President by announcement made on
December 19, 1967, in connection with the collapse of the Ohio River
Bridge on Highway U.S. 35 connecting Gallipolis, Ohio, and Pt.
Pleasant, West Virginia.
SEC. 5. Medal of Freedom. Executive Order No. 9586 of July 6, 1945,
as amended, is hereby further amended:
(1) By substituting for subsection (b) of section 2 the following:
(b) The President may select for the award of the Medal any person
recommended to the President for award of the Medal or any person
selected by the President upon his own initiative."
(2) By striking out all numbered sections of the order except sections
1and2.
SEC. 6. Winding up of affairs. Such actions as may be necessary to
wind up any outstanding affairs of the bodies terminated by this order
shall be carried out by the Bureau of the Budget or by such other
FORD & LIBRARY
905
E.O. 11516
Title 3--Chapter II
agencies as may be designated therefor by the Director of the Bureau
of the Budget.
Richard Nipan
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 13, 1970.
Executive Order 11516
AMENDING EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11248, PLACING CERTAIN POSI-
TIONS IN LEVELS IV AND V OF THE FEDERAL EXECUTIVE SALARY
SCHEDULE
By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 5317 of title 5
of the United States Code, as amended, section 2 of Executive
Order No. 112481 of October 10, 1965, as amended, placing certain
positions in level V of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule, is
further amended by deleting (24) Director, Office of Minority Busi-
ness Enterprise, Department of Commerce", and inserting in lieu
thereof the following:
(24) Assistant to the Secretary, Department of Commerce.
Richal Nispon
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 19, 1970.
1 30 F.R. 12999; 3 CFR, 1964-1965 Comp., p. 349.
Executive Order 11517
PROVIDING FOR THE ISSUANCE AND SIGNATURE BY THE SECRETARY
OF STATE OF WARRANTS APPOINTING AGENTS TO RETURN FUGI-
TIVES FROM JUSTICE EXTRADITED TO THE UNITED STATES
WHEREAS the President of the United States, under section 3192
of Title 18, United States Code, has been granted the power to take
all necessary measures for the transportation, safekeeping and security
against lawless violence of any person delivered by any foreign gov-
ernment to an agent of the United States for return to the United
States for trial for any offense of which he is duly accused; and
WHEREAS fugitives from justice in the United States whose
extradition from abroad has been requested by the Government of
the United States and granted by a foreign government are to be
returned in the custody of duly appointed agents in accordance with
the provisions of section 3193 of Title 18, United States Code; and
WHEREAS such duly appointed agents under the provisions of
the law mentioned above, being authorized to receive delivery of the
906
ANNUSIT GERALD ? FORD
.083
E.O. 11084
Title 3--The President
E.O. 11085
Executive Order 11084
AMENDING EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 10995,¹ RELATING TO
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 301 of Title 3
of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it
is ordered that Executive Order No. 10995 of February 16, 1962,
headed "Assigning telecommunications management functions," be,
and it is hereby, amended by substituting for Section 3 thereof the
following:
"SEC. 3. (a) The authority to assign radio frequencies to Govern-
ment agencies, vested in the President by subsection 305 (a) of the
Communications Act of 1934, as amended (47 U.S.C. 305 (a)), in-
cluding all functions heretofore vested in the Interdepartment Radio
Advisory Committee, is hereby delegated to the Director of the Office
of Emergency Planning, who may redelegate such authority to the
Director of Telecommunications Management. Such authority shall
include the power to amend, modify, or revoke frequency assignments.
"(b) The authority to authorize a foreign government to construct
and operate a radio station at the seat of government vested in the
President by subsection 305 (d) of the Communications Act of 1934,
as amended (47 U.S.C. 305 (d)), is hereby delegated to the Director
of the Office of Emergency Planning who may redelegate such au-
thority to the Director of Telecommunications Management. Author-
ization for the construction and operation of a radio station pursuant
to this subsection and the assignment of a frequency for its use shall
be made only upon recommendation of the Secretary of State and
after consultation with the Attorney General and the Chairman of
the Federal Communications Commission."
JOHN F. KENNEDY
THE WHITE HOUSE,
February 15, 1963.
Executive Order 11085
THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM
By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United
States, it is hereby ordered as follows:
SECTION 1. Prior orders. The numbered sections of Executive Order
No. 9586 of July 6, 1945, as amended by Executive Order No. 10336
of April 3, 1952, are hereby amended to read as follows:
"SECTION 1. Medal established. The Medal of Freedom is hereby re-
established as the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with accompanying
ribbons and appurtenances. The Presidential Medal of Freedom,
hereinafter referred to as the Medal, shall be in two degrees.
"SEC. 2. Award of the Medal. (a) The Medal may be awarded by
the President as provided in this order to any person who has made
127 F.R. 1519.
719
LIBRATY GERALD R. FORD
E.
11085
Title 3--The President
E.O. 11085
an especially meritorious contribution to (1) the security or national
interests of the United States, or (2) world peace, or (3) cultural or
other significant public or private endeavors.
"(b) The President may select for award of the Medal any person
nominated by the Board referred to in Section 3(a) of this Order,
any person otherwise recommended to the President for award of
the Medal, or any person selected by the President upon his own
initiative.
"(c) The principal announcement of awards of the Medal shall
normally be made annually, on or about July 4 of each year; but such
awards may be made at other times, as the President may deem
appropriate.
"(d) Subject to the provisions of this Order, the Medal may be
awarded posthumously.
"SEC. 3. Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board. (a) The
Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board, established by Execu-
tive Order No. 10717 of June 27, 1957, hereinafter referred to as the
Board, is hereby expanded, for the purpose of carrying out the
objectives of this Order, to include five additional members appointed
by the President from outside the Executive Branch of the Govern-
ment. The terms of service of the members of the Board appointed
under this paragraph shall be five years, except that the first five
members SO appointed shall have terms of service expiring on the
31st day of July 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, and 1968, respectively. Any
person appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of
the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall serve for the
remainder of such term.
"(b) A chairman of the Board shall be designated by the President
from time to time from among the membership of the Board appointed
from the Executive Branch.
"(c) For purposes of recommending to the President persons to
receive the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian
Service, and to carry out the other purposes of Executive Order No.
10717, only the members of the Board from the Executive Branch will
sit. The names of persons so recommended will be submitted to
the President without reference to the other members of the Board.
"SEC. 4. Functions of the Board. (a) Any individual or group may
make recommendations to the Board with respect to the award of
the Medal, and the Board shall consider such recommendations.
"(b) With due regard for the provisions of Section 2 of this Order,
the Board shall screen such recommendations and, on the basis of such
recommendations or upon its own motion, shall from time to time
submit to the President nominations of individuals for award of the
Medal, in appropriate degrees.
"SEC. 5. Expenses. Necessary administrative expenses of the Board
incurred in connection with the recommendation of persons to re-
ceive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, including expenses of
travel of members of the Board appointed under Section 3(a) of this
720
&
FORDS
GERALD
E.O. 11086
Title 3--The President
E.O. 11086
Order, during the fiscal year 1963, may be paid from the appropria-
tion provided under the heading Special Projects' in the Executive
Office Appropriation Act, 1963, 76 Stat. 315, and during subsequent
fiscal years, to the extent permitted by law, from any correspond-
ing or like appropriation made available for such fiscal years. Such
payments shall be without regard to the provisions of section 3681
of the Revised Statutes and section 9 of the Act of March 4, 1909,
35 Stat. 1027 (31 U.S.C. 672 and 673). Members of the Board
appointed under Section (a) of this Order shall serve without
compensation.
"SEC. 6. Design of the Medal. The Army Institute of Heraldry
shall prepare for the approval of the President a design of the Medal
in each of its degrees."
SEC. 2. Other existing orders. (a) Section 4 of Executive Order
No. 10717, establishing the terms of service of the members of the
Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board, is hereby amended
to read "The members of the Board shall serve at the pleasure of the
President.", and the other sections of that Order are amended con-
formably to this Order.
(b) Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Order, existing
arrangements for conferring medals and honors shall continue in
effect.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
THE WHITE HOUSE,
February 22, 1963.
Executive Order 11086
AMENDMENT OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 10587 1 RELATING TO THE
ADMINISTRATION OF SECTION 32(h) OF THE TRADING WITH THE
ENEMY ACT
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Trading with the
Enemy Act, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 1 et seq.), and by section 301
of title 3 of the United States Code (65 Stat. 713), and as President
of the United States, it is ordered that sections 1, 2 and 3 of Executive
Order No. 10587 of January 13, 1955 (20 F.R. 361) are amended to
read as follows:
"SECTION 1. The Jewish Restitution Successor Organization, a char-
itable membership organization incorporated under the laws of the
State of New York, is hereby designated as successor in interest to
deceased persons in accordance with and for the purposes of subsec-
tion (h) of section 32 of the Trading with the Enemy Act, as added
by the Act of August 23, 1954 (68 Stat. 767), and amended by section
204(a) of Public Law 87-846, approved October 22, 1962 (76 Stat.
1114).
"SEC. 2. Exclusive of the designation of the Jewish Restitution
Successor Organization under section 1 of this Order and the exercise
1 3 CFR, 1954-1958 Comp., p. 235 ; 20 F.R. 361.
721
GERALD
E. O. 10336
Title 3-The President
ing found that the United States partici-
"2. (b) Under special circumstances,
WHER
pates in the Provisional Intergovern-
and without regard to the existence of
in the pul
mental Committee for the Movement of
a state of war or national emergency, the
tation of
Migrants from Europe under the au-
Medal of Freedom may also be awarded
NOW, :
thority of the Mutual Security Appro-
by, or at the direction of, the President
authority
priation Act, 1952, approved October 31,
to any person, not hereinafter specifi-
the Civil
1951 (65 Stat. 730) making an appropri-
cally excluded, for performance of a
section 1'
ation for such participation, I hereby
meritorious act or service in the interests
the Unite
designate the Provisional Intergovern-
of the security of the United States.
for the p
mental Committee for the Movement of
"3. The Medal of Freedom shall not be
jective a
Migrants from Europe as a public inter-
awarded to a citizen of the United States
scribed or
national organization entitled to enjoy
for any act or service performed within
erning th
the privileges, exemptions, and immuni-
the continental limits of the United
of the fo
ties conferred by the said International
States or to a member of the armed
by subst
Organizations Immunities Act.
forces of the United States.
wherever
HARRY S. TRUMAN
"4. The Medal of Freedom may be
regulation
awarded by the Secretary of State, the
This or
THE WHITE HOUSE,
Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of
No. 10017
March 28, 1952.
the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, or
"Amendm
the Secretary of the Air Force, or by
ing the A
EXECUTIVE ORDER 10336
such officers as they may respectively
the Fourt
designate. Awards shall be made under
This or
AMENDMENT OF EXECUTIVE ORDER No.
such regulations as the said Secretaries
1, 1951.
9586 1 OF JULY 6, 1945, ESTABLISHING
shall severally prescribe, and such regu-
THE MEDAL OF FREEDOM
lations shall, so far as practicable, be of
THE W
Executive Order No. 9586 of July 6,
uniform application.
1945, establishing the Medal of Freedom,
"5. The head of any department or
is hereby amended to read as follows:
agency of the United States not named
"By virtue of the authority vested in
herein may recommend to the Secretary
EX
me as President of the United States
of Defense the award of the Medal of
COORDINA
and as Commander in Chief of the armed
Freedom and appurtenances thereto for
507 OF
forces of the United States, it is ordered
meritorious acts or services performed
1951
as follows:
under the cognizance or direction of the
"1. There is hereby established a medal
head of such department or agency, and
By virt
to be known as the Medal of Freedom,
the Secretary of Defense may make such
by section
awards.
of 1951,
with accompanying ribbons and appur-
tenances. The Medal and its appurte-
"6. No more than one Medal of Free-
82nd Co
nances shall be of appropriate design,
dom shall be awarded to any one person,
1951), ar
States an
approved by the Secretary of State and
but for a subsequent act or service justi-
armed fo
the Secretary of Defense.
fying such an award a suitable device
ordered 8
"2. (a) The Medal of Freedom may be
may be awarded to be worn with the
awarded to any person not hereinafter
medal.
SECTION
specifically excluded who, on or after
"7. The Medal of Freedom may be
the Unit
December 7, 1941, has performed a meri-
awarded posthumously."
(a) The
torious act or service which (1) has aided
lomatic 1
the United States in the prosecution of
HARRY S. TRUMAN
represent
a war against an enemy or enemies, (2)
THE WHITE HOUSE,
ing on h
has aided any nation engaged with the
April 3, 1952.
activities
United States in the prosecution of a
sentative
war against a common enemy or enemies,
EXECUTIVE ORDER 10337
nomic m
or (3), during any period of national
visory gr
emergency declared by the President or
AMENDMENT OF THE REGULATIONS GOVERN-
of agenci
the Congress to exist, has furthered the
ING THE APPOINTMENT OF POSTMASTERS
ment) in
interests of the security of the United
OF THE FOURTH CLASS
ing out I
States or of any nation allied or associ-
WHEREAS under the regulations now
curity A
ated with the United States during such
in force the appointment of postmasters
to as the
period, and for which act or service the
of the fourth class may be made upon
sponsibil
award of any other United States medal
or decoration is considered inappro-
the basis of investigation and report of a
velopme:
priate.
post office inspector in any case in which
program:
the compensation of the office is not in
13 CFR, 1945 Supp.
excess of $1300 per annum; and
13 CFR.
Page 858
455762
LIBRAR
E. O. 9586
Title 3-The President
ployees and agents as he deems neces-
cies, including but not limited to the
The M
sary and suitable to carry out the pro-
Department of Justice, the War Man-
nances t
visions of this order; to exercise any
power Commission, the National Labor
design, a
contractual or other rights of the said
Relations Board, the Department of La-
State, th
company incident to the operation of
bor, the National Selective Service Sys-
Secretary
the said plants, facilities, or property or
tem, and the Office of Price Administra-
awarded
the production, sale, and distribution of
tion, shall cooperate with the Secretary
Secretary
the company's products; and to do any
of the Navy to the fullest extent of their
Navy, or
and all other things that he may deem
authority in carrying out the purposes
Secretari
necessary or desirable for, or incidental
of this order.
Awards S
to, the use and operation of the said
7. Possession, control and operation of
lations s
plants, facilities, and property, or the
any plant, facility, or property, or por-
severally
production, sale, and distribution of the
tion thereof, of which possession is taken
shall, ins
products and services thereof; and to
under this order shall be terminated by
form app
take any other steps that he deems
the Secretary of the Navy within sixty
No mo
necessary to carry out the provisions
days after he determines that the pro-
shall be s
and purposes of this order.
ductive efficiency of the plant, facility,
for a sub
3. The Secretary of the Navy shall
or property, or portion thereof, prevail-
such an
operate the plants, facilities, and prop-
ing prior to the existing interruptions
awarded
erty mentioned herein pursuant to the
referred to in the recitals of this order
The Med
provisions of the War Labor Disputes
has been restored.
posthum
Act and under the terms and conditions
HARRY S. TRUMAN
of employment which are lawfully in ef-
fect at the time possession of such plants,
THE WHITE HOUSE,
THE W
facilities, and property is taken under
July 4, 1945.
this order, subject to the provisions of
Section 5 of the War LaborDisputes Act.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 9586
4. The Secretary of the Navy shall
E
permit, upon such terms and conditions
THE MEDAL OF FREEDOM
as he deems advisable, the management
AMENDIN
of the plants, facilities, and property
By virtue of the authority vested in me
TITLED
taken under this order to continue its
as President of the United States and as
ERNING
managerial functions to the maximum
Commander in Chief of the Army and
TRANSI
degree possible consistent with the pur-
Navy of the United States, it is hereby
AND PI
poses of this order.
ordered as follows:
VILIAN
There is hereby established a medal to
UNITED
5. The Secretary of the Navy is au-
be known as the Medal of Freedom with
ULATIC
thorized to take such action, if any, as
he may deem necessary or desirable to
accompanying ribbons and appurte-
EXPEN
provide protection for, and prevent in-
nances for award to any person, not
IMMED
hereinafter specifically excluded, who,
AND E
terference with, the plants, facilities,
and property taken under this order and
on or after December 7, 1941, has per-
By vir
all persons employed or seeking employ-
formed a meritorious act or service
thority y
ment therein, their families and homes,
which has aided the United States in the
10, 1940,
and he is further authorized to take such
prosecution of a war against an enemy
of the Ir
appropriate disciplinary action, not in-
or enemies and for which an award of
Act, 194
consistent with law, as may be necessary
another United States medal or decora-
hereby (
to effectuate the purposes of this order.
tion is considered inappropriate. The
Upon the request of the Secretary of the
Navy or his duly authorized representa-
Medal of Freedom may also be awarded
Sectio
tive, the Department of Justice, through
to any person, not hereinafter specifi-
der 8588
the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
cally excluded, who, on or after Decem-
by secti
shall immediately undertake and con-
ber 7, 1941, has similarly aided any na-
9122 of
duct an investigation of any matter af-
tion engaged with the United States in
amende
fecting the operation of said plants, fa-
the prosecution of a war against a com-
"SECT.
cilities, and property or government
mon enemy or enemies.
the dur:
possession thereof hereunder.
The Medal of Freedom shall not be
months
6. In carrying out this order the Secre-
awarded to a citizen of the United States
ices, inc
tary of the Navy may act through or
for any act or service performed within
tions 3
with the aid of such public or private in-
the continental limits of the United
by the
strumentalities, persons, or corporations
States or to a member of the armed
as he may designate. All Federal agen-
forces of the United States.
¹³ CFI
FORD
Page 410
40513
Chapter II-Executive Orders
E. O. 9587
) the
The Medal of Freedom and appurte-
gard to means ordinarily required for
Man-
nances thereto shall be of appropriate
such transportation, from any avail-
Labor
design, approved by the Secretary of
able
common
carrier:
Provided, however,
f La-
State, the Secretary of War, and the
That the employee may have his effects
Sys-
Secretary of the Navy, and may be
moved by some means other than that
istra-
awarded by the Secretary of State, the
selected by the Government, by paying
etary
Secretary of War, or the Secretary of the
the differerice between the charges under
their
Navy, or by such officers as the said
the means selected by the Government
poses
Secretaries may respectively designate.
and the charges by the preferred means:
Awards shall be made under such regu-
And provided further, That when the
ion of
lations as the said Secretaries shall
head of the department or agency deter-
por-
severally prescribe and such regulations
mines it to be in the interest of the Gov-
taken
shall, insofar as practicable, be of uni-
ernment, he may specifically authorize
ed by
form application.
the shipment by express of articles re-
sixty
No more than one Medal of Freedom
quired for immediate use at the new offi-
pro-
shall be awarded to any one person, but
cial station (such as professional books,
cility,
for a subsequent act or service justifying
wearing apparel, bedding or kitchen
evail-
such an award a suitable device may be
utensils, but not furniture or jewelry),
ptions
awarded to be worn with the medal.
which shall in no case exceed a weight of
order
The Medal of Freedom may be awarded
500 pounds for employees having de-
posthumously.
pendents living with them or 250 pounds
for employees having no dependents liv-
MAN
HARRY S. TRUMAN
ing with them."
THE WHITE HOUSE,
"SECTION 12. Time Limit. All ship-
July 6, 1945.
ments allowable under these regulations
shall begin within one year of the effec-
tive date of the transfer of the employee
EXECUTIVE ORDER 9587
unless an extension is specifically granted
by the head of the department or estab-
AMENDING EXECUTIVE ORDER 8588 EN-
lishment. Such an extension shall be
in me
TITLED "PRESCRIBING REGULATIONS Gov-
approved by the head of the department
and as
ERNING THE PAYMENT OF EXPENSES OF
or establishment within the one-year pe-
y and
TRANSPORTATION OF HOUSEHOLD GOODS
riod during which shipment would other-
hereby
AND PERSONAL EFFECTS OF CERTAIN CI-
wise begin and shall in no case be for a
VILIAN OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF THE
period exceeding two years from the ef-
:dal to
UNITED STATES" AND PRESCRIBING REG-
fective date of the transfer, except that,
a
with
ULATIONS GOVERNING THE PAYMENT OF
for employees who enter upon active mil-
RETURN WHITE HOUSE RECORDS OFFICE
purte-
EXPENSES OF TRANSPORTATION OF THE
itary, naval, or Coast Guard duty at any
not
IMMEDIATE FAMILY OF CIVILIAN OFFICERS
time prior to the expiration of the period
who,
AND EMPLOYEES OF THE GOVERNMENT
within which transportation of their ef-
per-
By virtue of and pursuant to the au-
fects is authorized and who are fur-
service
thority vested in me by the act of October
loughed for the duration of such duty,
in
the
10, 1940, 54 Stat. 1105, and section 201 (a)
the extension may be made effective until
enemy
of the Independent Offices Appropriation
a date not more than six months follow-
of
Act, 1946, approved May 3, 1945, it is
ing the date of termination of the fur-
ecora-
hereby ordered as follows:
lough."
The
PART II
PART I
arded
Sections 5 and 12 of Executive Or-
The following regulations are hereby
pecifi-
der 8588 of November 7, 1940, as amended
prescribed to govern the payment of ex-
ecem-
by sections 1 and 4 of Executive Order
penses of transportation, authorized by
na-
9122 of April 6, 1942,1 are hereby further
section 201 (a) of the Independent Offices
in
amended to read as follows:
Appropriation Act, 1946, of the immedi-
com-
"SECTION 5. Means of shipment. For
ate family of any civilian officer or em-
the duration of the present war and six
ployee of the executive departments and
be
months thereafter transportation serv-
independent establishments who is trans-
States
ices, including services specified in sec-
ferred from one official station to an-
within
tions 3 and 4 hereof, may be procured
other for permanent duty, when author-
United
by the agency concerned, with due re-
ized by the head of the department or
establishment concerned in the order di-
13 CFR Cum. Supp.
recting such transfer:
FOND
405136 0-57
Page 411
GERALD
LIBRARY
Tuesday 2/11/75
4:20 I talked with Linda Fokes in Kurt Fee's office
and she said they had a meeting this afternoon.
They are getting ready to make a changes in their
procedures for recommending the Medal of Freedom
Awards. They had suggested a commission made up
of people who had received the medal previously to
select people to receive the awards -- but apparently
are reworking it.
She suggested having Robin West call -- since he is
the one who is handling it.
He called and said that during the Nixon Administration
Garment and some of the speech writers had made
selections for the Medal of Freedom -- sort of on a
random basis.
They're still going to be proposing a commission.
Indicated there was a memo they staffed out and that
Mr. Areeda had some objections to the way they proposed
it.
Attached is a copy of the staffing memo.
Robin West said he'd be glad to talk with you about
it -- if you'd like.
FORD is GERALD LIBRARY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
EYES ONLY
January 13, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
COUNSEL'S OFFICE
FROM:
PRESIDENTIAL PERSONNEL bell QFFICE
SUBJECT:
Presidential Awards for
Distinguished Service
Attached is a copy of my proposed memorandum to the Presi-
dent on Presidential Awards for Distinguished Service.
Please call Linda Folks in Robin West's office to let her
know your opinion of the proposed action so that we can
accurately represent your views in the final decision
memo. Since we are trying to complete this action as
quickly as possible, please be súre to reply by close of
business, January 15, 1975.
2) 1) Panel should of a not be limited to previous recipients
Idea selectin panel is is excellent
recognize n item 8 on page 5)
3) Proposed (as you parel as much Too old
Attachment 4) Citizens Medal program to unnecessary ,too large,
too explaine.
P. Aced
FORD : LIBRARY GERALD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 15, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
PHIL AREEDA
FROM:
DUDLEY CHAPMAN DC
SUBJECT:
Presidential Awards for
Distinguished Service
I disagree with the principle of Walker's recommendation that
the Medal of Freedom awards selection should be determined
entirely by previous recipients of the Medal. I see no objection
to including such persons, but to make receipt of the award a
condition of their selection appears illogical and even naive.
It should not be difficult to compose a panel of prominent
people from a variety of disciplines. There should be at
least some representation from the White House to assure
that the selection is sensitive to the Administration's values.
I also agree with Ken in questioning the value of the citizen
awards. This seems a needless expense and threatens to
degenerate into a wide proliferation of these awards.
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 15, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
PHIL AREEDA
FROM:
KEN LAZARUS ke
SUBJECT:
Presidential Awards for
Distinguished Service
I am in agreement with the attached recommendations of
Bill Walker to the extent they relate to the Medal of Freedom
Program.
As to those recommendations relating to "The Presidential
Citizen's Medal" program, I offer the following:
(1) It could be included within the Medal of Freedom
Program.
(2) As a separate, larger program, it represents an
unnecessary expense.
(3) It could be perceived as gimmickry.
(4) The selection of medal winners would be very
premature at this time.
100 FORD FIBRARY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Evo:
Please try toget some
information from the
appropriate person on
the WH staff about
the Medalof Freedom
C-
HonorAmerica
A program of the American Historic and Cultural Society, Inc.
Officers
General Chairmen
Congressional Sponsors
Honorary Chairwomen
Chairman
Bob Hope
Hon. Carl Albert
Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower
J. Willard Marriott
Rev. Billy Graham
Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson
5161 River Road
Hon. Gerald R. Ford
Mrs. Harry S. Truman
Washington, D. C. 20016
Hon. Michael J. Mansfield
Hon. Hugh Scott
Vice Chairmen
Hobart Lewis
Leonard H. Marks
Treasurer
Charles S. O'Malley, Jr.
January 13, 1975
Secretary and Gen. Counsel
Herbert E. Marks
Mr. Phillip Buchen
Board of Directors
Assistant to the President
Robert W. Barker, Esq.
The White House
Ralph E. Becker
Mrs. Edward Marshall Boehm
1600 Pennsylvania Ave., N. W.
Arch N. Booth
Washington, D.C. 20500
Col. Frank Borman
William N. Burch
George Champion
Dear Phil
Harlan Cleveland
A. L. Cole
John B. Connally, Jr.
I want to confirm our discussion in which I outlined our
Justin Dart
tentative plans for the celebration on July 4, 1976. As I
Robert G. Dunlop
Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower, II
told you, we are keeping John Warner informed and as
Mark Evans
our plans develop, we shall let your offices know.
Rev. Billy Graham
Bob Hope
Jack R. Howard
The American Historical and Cultural Society, sponsors
Frank N. Ikard
of the Honor America Day; was formed as a non-profit
Hobart Lewis
organization in 1969 primarily to encourage a wider obser-
Mrs. Mary Pillsbury Lord
James P. Low
vance of our national day and to commemorate our heritage
William J. McManus
of liberty and freedom. Our efforts in the past have met with
Leonard H. Marks, Esq.
J. Willard Marriott
considerable praise by the President, Gabinet officers and
George Meany
numerous civic organizations. We regard the bicentennial year
Charles S. O'Malley, Jr.
as a climax of our planning and sincerely believe it will be a
S. Dillon Ripley
Mrs. Charles S. Robb
high point in the Year 1976.
A. Pollard Simons
Rev. Leon H. Sullivan
Mrs. Dudley Swim
As part of our plans for the bicentennial program, I would
Donn Tatum
like to urge upon you an idea which I have considered care-
Hon. Walter E. Washington
fully and which I enthusiastically endorse - having President
Frederick K. Weyerhaeuser
Roy Wilkins
Ford inaugurate a new national custom by conferring the
C. Robert Yeager
highest civilian award - the Medal of Freedom - on that day to
Charles J. Zwick
those Americans who have distinguished themselves in private
Executive Director
John P. Cosgrove
GERALD
LIBRARY
927 National Press Building
Washington, D. C. 20004
202/628-3400
- 2 -
and governmental careers. As the records will show,
the medal has been given by the President of the United
States to people who have made distinctive contributions
in the arts, sciences and community endeavors. Pre-
vious recipients of this award have cherished it as the
ultimate recognition for their service to our country.
I recommend that on July 4, 1976 President Ford use
this historic occasión to single out those Americans who
have enriched our society and dedicated their lives to the
improvement of mankind. The criteria for their selec-
tion has been previously determined and I would be glad to
discuss with you the steps to be taken if the suggestion is
adopted.
I would be grateful if you would bring these thoughts to the
President's attention and let-us know of his reaction.
Sincerely
Leonard H. Marks
GERALS
LIBRARY
President
hiarks,
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
medal Meedom of
February 12, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
ROBIN WEST
FROM:
PHILIP BUCHEN T.W.B.
SUBJECT:
Medal of Freedom Award
Attached is a copy of a letter I have been
holding which poses one way in which the
Medal of Freedom can be used in connection
with the Bicentennial program.
I would appreciate your giving it your
careful attention and to reply to Mr. Marks
on the subject.
Attachment
QEBALO OKO LIBRARY
misks
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 12, 1975
Dear Leonard:
After our lunch last month I have learned that
Robin West at the White House is in charge of
developing procedures for making Medal of Freedom
awards.
Therefore, I have sent him a copy of your letter
of January 13 and have asked him to respond as
soon as possible.
I have received several copies of Dorothy's splendid
article on Sally Seidman. It made delightful reading
and the only possible fault I could find with it came
from Sally's mistake about my being a poet.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
This
Philip W. Buchen
Counsel to the President
Mr. Leonard H. Marks
Vice Chairman
Honor America
1920 L Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
BERALD FORD VIBRARY
HonorAmerica
A program of the American Historic and Cultural Society, Inc.
Officers
General Chairmen
Congressional Sponsors
Honorary Chairwomen
Chairman
Bob Hope
Hon. Carl Albert
Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower
J. Willard Marriott
Rev. Billy Graham
Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.
5161 River Road
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson
Hon. Gerald R. Ford
Mrs. Harry S. Truman
Washington, D. C. 20016
Hon. Michael J. Mansfield
Vice Chairmen
Hon. Hugh Scott
Hobart Lewis
Leonard H. Marks
Treasurer
Charles S. O'Malley, Jr.
January 13, 1975
Secretary and Gen. Counsel
Herbert E. Marks
Mr. Phillip Buchen
Board of Directors
Assistant to the President
Robert W. Barker, Esq.
Ralph E. Becker
The White House
Mrs. Edward Marshall Boehm
1600 Pennsylvania Ave., N. W.
Arch N. Booth
Col. Frank Borman
Washington, D.C. 20500
William N. Burch
George Champion
Dear Phil
Harlan Cleveland
A. L. Cole
John B. Connally, Jr.
I want to confirm our discussion in which I outlined our
Justin Dart
Robert G. Dunlop
tentative plans for the celebration on July 4, 1976. As I
Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower, II
told you, we are keeping John Warner informed and as
Mark Evans
our plans develop, we shall let your offices know.
Rev. Billy Graham
Bob Hope
Jack R. Howard
The American Historical and Cultural Society, sponsors
Frank N. Ikard
Hobart Lewis
of the Honor America Day, was formed as a non-profit
Mrs. Mary Pillsbury Lord
organization in 1969 primarily to encourage a wider obser-
James P. Low
vance of our national day and to commemorate our heritage
William J. McManus
Leonard H. Marks, Esq.
of liberty and freedom. Our efforts in the past have met with
J. Willard Marriott
considerable praise by the President, Cabinet officers and
George Meany
Charles S. O'Malley, Jr.
numerous civic organizations. We regard the bicentennial year
S. Dillon Ripley
as a climax of our planning and sincerely believe it will be a
Mrs. Charles S. Robb
high point in the Year 1976.
A. Pollard Simons
Rev. Leon H. Sullivan
Mrs. Dudley Swim
As part of our plans for the bicentennial program, I would
Donn Tatum
like to urge upon you an idea which I have considered care-
Hon. Walter E. Washington
Frederick K. Weyerhaeuser
fully and which I enthusiastically endorse - having President
Roy Wilkins
Ford inaugurate a new national custom by conferring the
C. Robert Yeager
Charles J. Zwick
highest civilian award - the Medal of Freedom - on that day to
those Americans who have distinguished themselves in private
Executive Director
John P. Cosgrove
927 National Press Building
Washington, D. C. 20004
BERRLD FORD FIBRARY
202/628-3400
1470 na3 st.
160
- 2 -
and governmental careers. As the records will show,
the medal has been given by the President of the United
States to people who have made distinctive contributions
in the arts, sciences and community endeavors. Pre-
vious recipients of this award have cherished it as the
ultimate recognition for their service to our country.
I recommend that on July 4, 1976 President Ford use
this historic occasion to single out those Americans who
have enriched our society and dedicated their lives to the
improvement of mankind. The criteria for their selec-
tion has been previously determined and I would be glad to
discuss with you the steps to be taken if the suggestion is
adopted.
I would be grateful if you would bring these thoughts to the
President's attention and let us know of his reaction.
Sincerely
Leonard H. Marks
FORD 3 LIBRARY OERALD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 8, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
PETER MC PHERSON
FROM:
PHILIP BUCHEN
SUBJECT:
Restrictions on Appointment
of Relatives
You have requested the opinion of this office on whether the
President can appoint Mrs. Ford to be a member of the
proposed President's Commission on the Medal of Freedom.
Under 5 U.S.C. 3110, added by section 221 of the Postal Revenue
and Federal Salary Act of 1967, P.L. 90-206, no federal official,
expressly including the President, may appoint or employ any
of a broadly defined class of relatives (including wives) in a
"civilian position" in the agency in which the appointing official
is serving, "or over which he exercises jurisdiction or control."
The only penalty for violation of this provision is loss of salary
for the individual so appointed.
In applying this section to the President, the Office of Legal
Counsel of the Department of Justice interpreted this prohibition
to extend only to the President's authority to appoint "inferior
officers", whose appointment Congress has vested by law in
the President alone. On the other hand, Justice believes that this
section does not limit the President's Constitutionally-based
power to appoint officers of the United States "by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate. "
While the President can thus appoint relatives to positions
which require confirmation by the Senate, he cannot appoint
relatives to an inferior office such as the subject Commission
on the Medal of Freedom.
On the other hand, this statute would not prohibit the Chairman
of the Commission from inviting Mrs. Ford to serve as an ex
officio member and to participate, but not vote, in all matters
before the Commission. If you wish to proceed in this manner, FORD
the proposed Executive Order should be revised to allow the
Chairman to invite ex officio member(s) to participate in the
LIBRARY
Commission's deliberations.
THE WHITE HOUSE
Pre
WASHINGTON
medal
December 30, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
JIM CONNOR
FROM:
PHIL BUCHEN T.
SUBJECT:
Award of Presidential
Medal of Freedom to
Mr. Reidar Soot
Without information as to the manner in which
this medal has been awarded in the past, I am
at a loss to comment on this proposed award.
However, I think pertinent questions are:
1. Is it customary to grant this award
to persons who are not American
citizens?
2. Is a single project such as the
sponsorship of a monument sufficient
justification for an award of this
medal?
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 20, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
PHILIP BUCHEN
JOHN O. MARSH
ROBERT T. HARTMANN
BRENT SCOWCROFT
PAUL THEIS
DOUG BENNETT
FROM:
JAMES E. CONNOR
As you may be aware, we are currently staffing a proposed Executive
Order to establish an Advisory Council for reviewing nominees for
the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Until the Order is approved and
the Council appointed, however, we will continue to have to consider
individual recommendations as they are made. Attached is a recommendation
from the Secretary of the Air Force for the award of the Medal of
Freedom to Mr. Reidar Soot, a Norwegian lawyer and member
of the War Veterans' Association.
I'd appreciate your views and recommendations on the appropriateness
of such an award.
Attachment
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
OF
DEPARTMENT DEFENSE
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301
UNITED STATES OF OF AMERICA
Box G Lender 11 December 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR Captain Leland S. Kollmorgen, USN
Military Assistant to the President
The White House
SUBJECT: Award of the Presidential Medal of Freedom to
Mr. Reidar Soot
The attached recommendation from the Secretary of the
Air Force for award of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
to Mr. Reidar Soot is forwarded for appropriate action.
The recommendation has been coordinated with and concurred
in by the Department of State.
ThomasK Elime
Thomas K. Latimer
The Special Assistant
Attachment
GEBALD AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1776-1976 INTENTENNAL
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
WASHINGTON 20330
OF DEFENSE DEPA
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
SEP 5 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR THE SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
SUBJECT: Award of the Presidential Medal of Freedom to
Mr. Reidar Soot
The Department of the Air Force proposes award of the
Presidential Medal of Freedom to Mr. Reidar Soot, a Norwegian
lawyer and member of the War Veteran's Association. Mr. Soot
is being cited for his efforts in erecting a monument in
Norway to commemorate American servicemen who lost their
lives during World War II. Through his persistent efforts,
necessary funds for the project were procured from private
sources in Norway, and an impressive monument was dedicated
in May 1975. Mr. Soot's outstanding contributions to inter-
national friendship warrant recognition by award of the
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
John John L. McLuen McLucas
1 Attachment
Recommendation
FORD : LIBRARY
RECUMMERVATION ruk DECORATION
23 MAY 1975
TO: (Organization and address)
FROM: (Organization and address)
USAFMPC (AFPMSAM)
USDAO
Randolph AFB, TX 78148
APO New York 09085
RECOMMENDATION
RECOMMEND INDIVIDUAL INDICATED BE AWARDED
1. NAME OF DECORATION (Indicate number of clusters, if appropriate)
President's Medal of Freedom
2. RECOMMENDATION IS BASED ON:
3. INCLUSIVE DATE(S) OF ACT, ACHIEVEMENT OR SERVICE
HEROISM
FROM
TO
MERITORIOUS SERVICE
(Based on completed periodof service)
8 MAY 1974
8 MAY 1975
OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENT
PERSONAL DATA ON INDIVIDUAL BEING RECOMMENDED
4. LAST NAME FIRST NAME MIDDLE INITIAL
5. AFSN
6. GRADE
SOOT, Reidar
NA
NA
7. PRESENT ORGANIZATION AND STATION
8. PRESENT DUTY ASSIGNMENT
Norwegian Lawyer
Karl Johans Gt. 45, Oslo, Norway
NA
9. PERMANENT HOME ADDRESS
10. ORGANIZATION OF NEXT DUTY ASSIGNMENT (If applicable)
59C Bygdøy Alle, Oslo, Norway
NA
11. ORGANIZATION, DUTY ASSIGNMENT AND GRADE AT TIME OF
12. DATE OF PROMOTION TO
13. INDIVIDUAL'S SERVICE IN
ACT OR SERVICE
GRADE IN WHICH SERVING
AIR FORCE SINCE ACT OR
SERVICE HAS BEEN
War Veterans Association
Unknown
MONORABLE
YES
NO
14. DATE OF REASSIGNMENT, RETIREMENT OR SEPARATION, AS APPLICABLE
RETIREMENT OR SEPARATION IS
VOLUNTARY
INVOLUNTARY, AND THE FOLLOWING SERVICE DATES APPLY
TAFCSD
TAFMSD
NA
TFCSD
TMSD
15. PREVIOUS UNITED STATES DECORATIONS, COMPLETE AUTHORITY THEREFOR, AND INCLUSIVE DATES OF SERVICE RECOGNIZED
(Do not include service medala. battle credits, unit citations or foreign decorations)
None
16. ARE OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AWARDS TO THIS
17. ARE OTHER INDIVIDUALS BEING RECOMMENDED FOR THE
INDIVIDUAL PENDING (If yes, state awards)
SAME ACT OR SERVICE
YES
NO
YES
NO
18a. IF ANSWER TO ITEM 17 is YES, ARE THE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE OTHER INDIVIDUALS FORWARDED AS A PART OF THIS
RECOMMENDATION
YES
NO
D. IF ANSWER TO ITEM 18a IS NO, EXPLAIN REASON FOR DELAY, INCLUDING DATE RECOMMENDATION(S) WILL BE FORWARDED,
AND IDENTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL(S) BY GRADE, NAME, SERVICE NUMBER, PRESENT ORGANIZATION AND STATION.
19. HAS PREVIOUS AWARD BEEN MADE TO THIS INDIVIDUAL
20. HAVE ALL AVAILABLE RECORDS AND SOURCES OF INFORMA-
FOR THIS ACT OR SERVICE
TION THAT WOULD HAVE A BEARING ON THIS RECOMMENDA-
TION BEEN CONSIDERED AND NO CONDITION EXISTS WHICH
WOULD MAKE APPROVAL OF THIS AWARD INAPPROPRIATE
YES
NO
YES
NO
21. IF AWARD is POSTHUMOUS, OR INDIVIDUAL RECOMMENDED IS MISSING IN ACTION OR A PRISONER OF WAR, LIST NAME,
ADDRESS AND RELATIONSHIP OF NEXT OF KIN.
NA
22. DATE WHICH PRESENTATION OF AWARD IS
23. IF APPROVED, FORWARD FOR PRESENTATION TO (Organization and address)
DESIRED. IF APPROVED
As soon as possible
USDAO, APO New York 09085
F
FORM
JAN 64
642
PREVIOUS EDITION OF THIS FORM WILL
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1963 o 714-443
BE USED UNTIL STOCK is EXHAUSTED.
which
must
be
signed
by the recommending individual)
Mr. Reidar Soot, Norwegian Lawyer, during the period from 8 May 1974 to 8 May 1975,
performed a service of great value to the United States. As a member of the War
Veterans' Association (Krigsdeltagerforbundet) he caused to be raised a monument to
the Americans "who give their lives in World War II for the common cause.'
In May of 1974, Mr. Reidar Soot became concerned that nowhere in Norway was there a
monument to the Americans who had helped in freeing Norway from the enemy. In the
Western Cemetary (Vestre Gravlund) in Oslo there exists a number of impressive monu-
ments to those men, from such contries as Sweden, Denmark, the Soviet Union, Great
Britain, and others, who gave their lives in the cause of freedom. Mr. Soot thought
it would be most appropriate if such a monument to Americans existed. In discussions
with the Defense Attache Office, Oslo, it was decided that if such a monument were to
have meaning, it should be a strictly Norwegian project with no financial support
from the Americans in contrast to the other monuments which have been raised by the
respective governments. Since that time, Mr. Soot, completely alone, carried on this
effort. He solicited and received private funds for the project. He struggled
through the various bureaus in order to obtain permission for the project and picked
a most appropriate spot in the cemetary. He found a simple stone, native to Norway,
arranged for its movement, placement, and inscription. He then coordinated with over
fourteen other Veterans' organizations to achieve increased participation in the event,
arranged for press coverage, and, after coordination with both the United States
Embassy in Oslo and with Norwegian officials, announced that the unveiling would take
place on 8 May 1975, the 30th anniversary of the liberation of Norway.
Mr. Reidar Soot's valiant efforts culminated in a most impressive ceremony attended
by hundreds of Norwegians. The King's Guard provided a military band, speeches were
given by the President of the War Veterans' Association, by the Director of Philips,
and by Ambassador Byrne. Wreaths were placed by fourteeen other veterans' organiza-
tions. Both NATO and Norwegian high-ranking officers were present. Press coverage
emphasized that this monument was long overdue.
This stirring tribute to America and Americans was solely the result of the quite
but persistent efforts of Mr.. Reidar Soot. The United States Government is deeply
indebted to him.
25. TYPED NAME, GRADE AND TITLE OF INDIVIDUAL
26. SIGNATURE
INITIATING RECOMMENDATION
THOMAS R. BYRNE
Ambassador
Am Bym
27. ATTACHMENTS
NUMBER
DESCRIPTION (Citation and supporting statements or other official documents)
1
Biographical Information
is
FORD
GERALD
LIBRARY
CITATION TO ACCOMPANY THE AWARD OF
THE PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM
TO
REIDAR SOOT
Mr. Reidar Soot, a Norwegian citizen, distinguished himself by outstanding achievement
from 8 May 1974 to 8 May 1975. During this period, Mr. Soot was instrumental in the
erection of a monument in Norway to commemorate those American servicemen who
gave their lives there during World War II. Through his persistent efforts, necessary
funds for the project were procured from private sources in Norway. Mr. Soot's
valiant efforts culminated in a most impressive ceremony attended by hundreds of
people. By his unique contribution to international friendship, Mr. Soot has reflected
great credit upon himself and has earned the sincere gratitude of the United States of
America.
file
Monday 1/12/76
Inv.
1/12/76
2 p.m.
9:40 Chief Judge Fletcher called to ask if anyone from the
Ox. 3-1904
White House might be going to the retirement ceremony
for Judge Homer Ferguson this afternoon (Monday 1/12)
at 2 p.m. at the Military Court of Appeals.
Prior to Judge Fletcher's meeting with you on the 6th,
Bill Nicholson had sent a letter dated the 3rd advising the
President would not be able to attend. However, after his
visit, he thought maybe you had spoken to the President and
that someone might have been asked to attend from the
White House.
(Courtroom in the Court of Appeals,
Fifth and E Streets, N. W.)
LIBRARY GERALD ? FORD
THE WHITE HOUSE
Medal Freedom
WASHINGTON
January 8, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR:
TED MARRS
FROM:
PHIL BUCHEN T.
Confirming my conversation of January 7, I am
attaching copies of earlier material which had
been sent to you by William H. Cook regarding
Judge Homer Ferguson. This material was given
to me by Judge Fletcher who has recently been
appointed to the Court of Military Appeals.
He asks that we involve the President in
recognizing, at the time of Judge Ferguson's
retirement on January 12, his long and devoted
service starting with his election to the
Senate in 1943 from the State of Michigan, and
he also asks that we try to move ahead on the
proposal that Judge Ferguson be awarded a
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
I understand that it would be difficult, if not
impossible, to act on the request for a medal
of freedom before January 12, but that you will
have Eliska Hasek, based on the attached material,
prepare a laudatory letter for the President to
sign personally for delivery to Judge Ferguson
on January 12.
I also understand that such a tribute is not
ordinarily given in the case of people retiring
from a Federal Judgeship, but I think that the
case of Judge Ferguson is unique by reason of
his long and varied public service and the fact
that he has been a close friend of the President
for many years.
I would appreciate having a copy of the letter
as it is drafted.
Attachment
GERAL
,
Honorable Theodore C. Marrs
Special Assistant to the President
May 7, 1975 bucker
2735
The White House
Washington, D. C.
Dear Ted:
As we discussed this morning over the telephone,
I am forwarding you some information concerning the
Honorable Homer Ferguson, Senior Judge on the United
States Court of Military Appeals. Judge Ferguson will
be stepping down from the bench as soon as a Demo-
cratic replacement is seated to fulfill the unexpired
term of the Honorable Robert E. Quinn who retired to
assume a senior judge status on April 25, 1975.
It is our desire to honor Judge Ferguson as he
completes more than 36 years of public service. He
first entered public service as a Circuit Judge of the
Circuit Court of Wayne County, Michigan, on August 21,
1939. He was elected to the United States Senate in
1943, serving for two terms. He was a member of
the Second Hoover Commission, was Ambassador of
the United States to the Philippines from March 1955 to
April 1956 at which time he resigned to accept a Pres-
idential appointment as an associate judge of the United
States Court of Military Appeals from which he retired
in 1971. But he returned to the Court to serve on active
duty from February 17, 1974, to the present time.
Judge Ferguson and President Ford have been
close friends for many years, and it would seem most
appropriate that the highest civilian medal that can be
GERALD FORD LEVERY
conferred by the President be awarded this man who has
so devoutly served his country in so many capacities for
such a length of time.
While at this time we do not know the time of his
retirement, It is our hope that a service commemorating
his unique contributions can be arranged in which there
might be Presidential participation. Our thoughts at this
time are for a ceremony in the courtroom of the United
States Court of Military Appeals with the entire United
States Senate being invited as guests, plus many others
who have worked with him throughout the years. We will
get to work immediately upon a draft of a Presidential
Citation which I will forward to you as soon as one can
be worked out.
Sincerely,
William H. Cook
Enclosure
FORD : GERALD LIBRARY
PERSONAL HISTORY
SENIOR JUDGE HOMER FERGUSON
Born in Harrison City, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1008, son
of Samuel and Margaret (Bush) Ferguson; married Myrtle Jones,
June 20, 1913, one daughter, Amy (Mrs. Charles R. Beltz). Attended
University of Pittsburgh, 1910-11; LL. B. degree University of
Michigan, 1913; LL. D. 1951. Principal of Schools, Larmer and
Export, Pennsylvania. Admitted to Bar of Michigan, 1913; practiced
law, Detroit, 1913 to 1929; Circuit Judge of the Circuit Court of Wayne
County, Michigan August 21, 1939 to end of 1942; United States Senator
from Michigan 1943 to 1955; Chairman Republican Policy Committee,
83rd Congress; member Foreign Relations Committee and Appro-
priation Committee, 83rd Congress. Honorary degrees conforred by
Detroit College of Law, Kalamazoo Collège, Muhlenberg College,
Allentown, Pennsylvania; University of Michigan 1951. Member of the
2d Hoover Commission; Ambassador from the United States to the
Philippines, March 22, 1955 to April 8, 1956, at which time resigned
to accept Presidential Appointment, nominated by President Elsenhower
as Judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals January 30,
1956, for terms expiring May 1, 1956 and May 1, 1971, unanimously
confirmed by Senate February 17, 1956, and took oath of office April 9.
1956, administered by Chief Justice Warron. Became Senior Judge,
PERSO AL HISTORY - Senior Judge Homer Ferguson
United States Court of Military Appeals May 2, 1971; returned to
active duty February 17, 1974 to present time.
Member of Michigan Bar Association; American Bar Association:
Federal Bar Association; American Judicature Society; Diplomatic and
Consular Officers, Retired (DACOR); Washington Institute of Foreign
Affairs; World Peace Through Law Center; Honorary Member, Inter-
parliamentary Union; Metropolitan Club. Sigma Delta Kappa.
Formerly Professor of Law, Detroit College of Law: Director
of Boys Club; Vice President, Economic Club.
Leisure interests -- painting and gardening.
. 2 -
R. FORD
June 3, 1975
Honorable Theodore C. Marrs
Special Assistant to the President
The White House
Washington, D. C.
Dear Ted:
On May 7, 1975, after our telephone conversation of
that date I wrote to you concerning the possibility of the
highest Presidential award being given to Judge Ferguson
upon his retirement from the Court of Military Appeals,
possibly with Presidential participation. In that letter I
told you that I would send you a proposed citation as soon
as one could be worked out. I am now enclosing a copy of
that citation. I have also heard rumors that a name of a
successor to Judge Quinn might soon be named by the Pres-
ident. Therefore, time now might be of the essence.
Thanks again for your continuing friendship and
splendid cooperation.
Sincerely,
William H. Cook
Enclosure
FORD is GERALD LIBRARY
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
AWARDS THIS
PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM
WITH DISTINCTION
TO
HOMER FERGUSON
In 32 years of Federal service, as Legislator, member
of the Executive Branch, and Judge, by precept and example,
Homer Ferguson explicated the rule of law in expanding the
Nation's dedication to justice and to domestic and international
tranquility, During World War II, when the Nation was
confronted by an extraordinary threat to its institutions and its
people, as a United States Senator from Michigan he served on
the Senate Committee to Investigate the National Defense
Program, of which President Truman, then a Senator from the
State of Missouri, was the Chairman. The Committee's
extensive investigations into inefficiencies and improprieties
in Defense spending resulted in estimated savings of about a
billion dollars and greatly accelerated war production. In the
BERALD FORD LIBRAPT
aftermath of the war, he realitmed the Nation's heritage of
faith in the laws of God by bringing about the addition to the
pledge of allegiance to our Flag of the phrase of grace, "One
Nation Under God"; and his searching inquiry into the tragedy
of Pearl Harbor contributed significantly to needed restructuring
of the Defense establishment. Later, in the Executive Branch,
he served as a member of the Second Hoover Commission,
whose review of the operations of the Executive departments
led to reorganizations that enabled the Executive to better deal,
during the next quarter century, with the changing patterns of
economic and social conditions in the United States and with
the new political systems that emerged in the international
community. As Ambassador to the Phillipines, he functioned
at a time, and in an area, of explosive potentialities. His
exemplary adherence to the rule of law as a basis for creating
economic and cultural coexistence for all countries of
Southeast Asia provided a climate of peace. Since 1956, he
has served as a Judge of the United States Court of Military
Appeals, the first civilian court created by Congress for
the military justice system of the Armed Forces of the Nation.
2
is
FORD
GERALD
Address
When the country became involved in armed conflict in defense
of the Republic of South Vietnam, the unconventional conditions
of that conflict provided a singular challenge to the rule of law,
as applied to our Armed Forces under the Uniform Code of
Military Justice. In discharging his responsibilities as a Judge
of the Court of Military Appeals, he again demonstrated that
commitment to the rule of law serves the Nation in war, as well
as it does in peace. As a member of the legal profession for
more than 60 years, his contributions, in each branch of our
government, to the reality of the principle of the rule of law will
endure as an ineradicable part of the American Creed.
3
GERALD = FORM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 14, 1976
MEMORANDUM FOR:
PHIL BUCHEN
DICK CHENEY
JIM CONNOR
JERRY JONES
JACK MARSH
FROM:
DAVE GERGEN
SUBJECT:
Medal of Freedom
If the President is going to take full advantage this
year of the opportunities represented by the Medal of
Freedom, we ought to be moving ahead with a program.
Attached is a list of candidates that has been drawn
together by Judy Muhlberg from recommendations extending
back to 1969. There are obviously many names that have
been overlooked and should be added.
After the dust settles in the next few days, I
recommend we talk out a way of approaching this area
and determining what should be recommended to the
President.
:
FORD
CERALD
THE MEDAL OF FREEDOM
Artists and Architects
Ansel Adams photographer, naturalist and conservationist;
he has enlisted his camera in the service of nature, and
produced perhaps the finest black and white outdoor
photographs in history.
Alexander Calder Sculptor. A creator of mobiles and stabiles,
he has married form and space with movement and time. He is
perhaps the greatest living American Sculptor of the
non-realist school. Note: The President originally
nominated Calder when he was Minority Leader.
Marc Chagall One of the world's most imaginative and
prolific modern painters, he escaped from a Russian ghetto
early in life, which reappears in his work to become a
combination painter, ceramist, illustrator, and engraver.
Now 72, he is the winner of numerous international prizes.
He has done the murals for Theatre Julif, Moscow, and
numerous other public buildings.
Louis Kahn Architect. Designer of many large housing
projects and communities. Professor of Architecture at
University of Pennsylvania since 1957. Author of several
books. Leading member of his profession and active in its
activities.
Henry Dreyfuss Industrial designer, professor; member
of the UCLA faculty, and has received numerous awards for
his excellent work, particulary in structural design;
recipient of the Architectural League, Gold Medal, 1951.
David E. Finley Historian, Curator; one of the founders
of National Trust for Historic Preservation; former
Chairman of the Board of Directors for the White House
Historical Association, Director of the National Gallery
of Art, President of the American Association of
Museums, Chairman of Fine Arts Commission.
R. Buckminister Fuller Engineer and developer of the
geodesic dome, one of the most important men in the
field of design during the 20th century.
George O'Keefe One of the biggest female names in the
world of American painting.
Nathaniel Owings Outstanding architect and founding
partner of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Chairman of
Temporary Commission on Pennsylvania Avenue since 1965.
Designer of many distinguished public and private
buildings, including Lever House in New York City.
Pablo Picasso Great modern painter and artist, and sculptor
and ceramist. Born in Spain in 1881.
Jose Luis Sert Architect and city planner. Born in Spain;
U. S. citizen since 1951. Dean of the Harvard Graduate
School of Design, 1953-1968. Designer of dozens of new towns
and distinguished buildings throughout the world. Professor
at several universities and the recipient of many awards for
architecture. Leader in architectural profession.
Mrs. Jouett Shouse Donor of the Wolf Trap Farm Park and
trustee of the Kennedy Center; civic leader.
Roger Stevens Chairman of the Board for JFK Center for the
Performing Arts (10 years), First Chairman for the National
Council on Arts, co-founder of American Shakespeare Theatre;
President of the National Opera Institute and Chairman of the
American Film Institute, Chairman of the Book Award Committee,
Chairman of the American National Theatre.
Norman Rockwell Artist, 1969 named Artist of the Year by
the New York Artist Guild. Worl-known for his covers of the
Saturday Evening Post.
Athletic Figures
Avery Brundage President of the International Olympic
Committee
Joe DiMaggio All-time great of baseball.
Bobby Fischer America's foremost chess player.
George Halas The father of professional football.
Charles (Mickey) Mantle Baseball great; playing for
New York Yankees became one of the great hitters in the
history of the game, and something of a national hero in his
"rivalry" with Babe Ruth.
Athletic Figures (Continued)
Jesse Owens Track and field star. Winner of four
gold medals in the 1936 Berlin Olympics, at that
time the most outstanding feat in the history of the
Games. Hitler's refusal to present his medals because
he was Negro made him an international hero.
Casey (Charles Dillion) Stengel Vice President of the
New York Mets (professional baseball team); born in 1891;
professional baseball player from 1910-25; team manager from
1925-65. Winner of numerous pennants; manager of Yankees
in World Series, 1949-53, 1955-58, 1960.
Business, Labor and Community Leaders
J. Hugo Aronson Former Governor of Montana; "Horatio Alger"
type story -- Swedish immigrant, who became a business
success by developing means for moving oil rigs; then
went on to serve twice as the Governor of Montana.
Leo C. Beebe Vice President of the Ford Motor Company and
first Executive Director of the National Alliance of
Businessmen.
George Champion Banker and business statesman. President
and then Chairman of the Chase Manhattan Bank, 1957 to
present. Director of numerous corporations and charitable
organizations.
Dr. Edward J. Cleary Engineer. Executive Director and
Chief Engineer of the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation
Commission (1949-1967); President of the American Public
Works Association; Member of the National Academy of Engin-
eering.
Allen B. Crow Founded the Economic Club of Detroit, 1934;
Honoraries degrees from Columbia U., and U. of Detroit;
lawyer, active in Detroit and Michigan civic affairs.
Charles Evers Mayor, Fayetteville, Mississippi; civil
rights leader.
Hugh Fullerton Served as the Director of American Hospital
in Paris for 20 years.
J. Erik Jonsson Industrialist; Mayor of Dallas 1964- present;
Chairman of the Board of Texas Instruments, Inc.
Active in musical, historical, educational, and civic
organizations.
Kenneth Jernigan Former Director of the Iowa Commission
for the Blind, recipient of the Special Award from the President
(1968) for work in rehabilitation of the blind. Honorary degrees
from Coe College, Seton Hall U., and Drake U. Note: He is blind.
Martin Luther King, Sr. Prominent civil rights leader; father of
the late Martin Luther King.
Dr. Alvin Knepper N. Y. Human Rights Commissioner, human
rights in general. In Who's Who Among Authors & Journalists
and the International Scholars Directory.
Arthur M. Lang Lawyer and community leader in Detroit.
Dr. Benjamin E. Mays President of Morehouse College; Honoree
at the First Annual Tribute to a Black American ; civil rights
leader.
Dr. James A. McCain Former President of Kansas State University,
presently Commissioner of Labor for the State of Kansas.
H. C. (Chad) McClellan Businessman, community leader, self-made
man who served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce (1955-57),
and most recently has been instrumental in the economic, physical,
and spiritual renewal of Watts.
Earl Dodge Osborn founder of the third oldest aircraft company
in the U. S. -- EDO Corporation. Founder of the Wings Club,
Editor and publisher of Aviation Magazine (1924-29). Founder
of the "Quiet Birdmen". Built the first all-metal twin float
airplane in the U. S.
Simon Ramo Engineering executive and industrialist, active in
electronics and missil research, editor and author, member of
dozens of boards of educational and charitable organizations, as
well as corporations.
Monroe Jackson Rathbone former President of Exxon Corporation.
Leon Sullivan Black Philadelphia minister and founder of
Opportunities Industrialization Center, a self-help ghetto business
project which has now expanded to a number of other cities.
Robert Toy President of McCobb Homes for Boys.
Harrison Tweed Attorney and leader of the bar. Partner, Milbank
Tweed, Hadley and McCloy. President of the American Law Institute
1947-1961. Leader in American Bar Association activities. Active
in Harvard and other educational affairs, including boards of trustees
of several colleges.
Hildreth Venegas Hospital Director, Aberdeen Area Indian Health
Service; member of the Souix Tribe in South Dakota and has worked
extensively with the BIA and other Indian organizations to improve
the Indian image; listed in Personalities of the West and Midwest.
Dr. Kenneth D. Wells Founder and President Emeritus of
Freedom Foundation of Valley Forge. Note: Reagan among
those recommending this man.
John Hay Whitney Diplomat, publisher, and business leader.
President and publisher of the New York Herald Tribune, 1961-66.
Ambassador to Great Britain, 1956-61. Leader in educational
business, and artistic organizations, especially in New York City.
E. B. Whitten Executive Director of the National Rehabilitation
Association (1948-1974); Distinguished Service Citation from
President Johnson; Meritorious Service Citation from President
Nixon.
Cartoonists, Writers, Journalists, and Poets
Bruce Catton Writer; historian
Katherine Garrison Chapin (Mrs. Francis Biddle) Poetess and
playwright; Honorary Consultant in American Letters to the
Library of Congress; Her nomination was proposed by the
Academy of American Poets, and endorsed by Vice President
Rockefeller, as well as a group of senators in a joint letter
to the President. Miss Chapin will be 85 this year.
Arthur C. Clarke Author, writer on oceanography, astronomy
and other scientific subjects; writer (with Stanley Kubrick) of
2001, A Space Odyssey ; previously author of dozens of works that
explain complex scientific subjects to ordinary people.
Allen Drury Author. Building a significant body of work as the
leading novelist/interpretor of the American Political scene in
mid-20th century.
Will and Ariel Durant Historians; authors; co-authored numerous
works on the story of civilization and the history of the world. Both
are in their nineties.
Gunter Grass Germany's outstanding living author, and a frequent
visitor to the United States. Born in Danzig in 1927.
Paul Harvey Radio and television editorialist.
Thomas Lowell Newscaster; outstanding long-time newscaster who
has brought "adventure and armchair travel" to generations of
Americans.
Archibald MacLeish Poet, professor at Harvard (1949-62), Librarian
of Congress (1939-44), Chairman of several American delegations to
UNESCO conferences; military service; recipient of virtually every
literary honor in the U. S.; author of numerous books and poems.
Bernard Malamud Brooklyn-born author, winner of National Book
Award (1959, 1967) and Pulitzer Prize 1967 for his novels which
include, The Assistant, The Fixer; has written particularly of
Jewish life, and Jews in cities.
Marianne Moore Poetess, writer; born 1887; teacher, distinguished
author of many fine poems, winner of literary prizes, baseball fan,
beloved American Character.
Sean O'Faolain Perhaps the most influential Irish writer of the
early 20th century which is still living and a frequent visitor to
the United States.
Charles Schulz Cartoonist, creator for the syndicated comic
strip "Peanuts". Born in Minneapolis in 1922.
Saul Steinberg Artist, cartoonist, and illustrator, especially for
the New Yorker since 1941; creator of a distinctive surreal
cartoon style; born Romania; U. S. citizen since 1943; author of
several books and cartoon collections.
Robert Penn Warren Writer, critic and teacher; professor at Yale
University; distinguished writer of poetry, prose fiction and
social analysis; perhaps the great living 20th century writer about
the South.
Musical Figures
Roy Acuff The leading exponent of country music.
Harold Arlen One of the century's three or four most prominent
American composers of popular music.
Irving Berlin Composer/writer of popular songs. Received Army
Medal for Merit for "This is the Army"; Congressional gold medal
for "God Bless America"; Decorated "Legion of Honor, France.
Leonard Bernstein Conductor, pianist, composer; born Lawrence,
Mass., in 1918. Recently retired as the conductor of the New York
Philharmonic.
Edward Benjamin Britten born Lowestoft, England, 1913; composer
for orchestra, small ensembles, and chorus (sacred and secular).
Best known perhaps for his songs, his opera "Peter Grimes, " and
"The War Requiem."
Jascha Eifetz world's foremost violinist.
Arthur Fiedler Conductor of the Boston Pops (45 years)
Member of the Boston Symphony (60 years); In the last two decades
he has conducted more symphonies than any other American conductor.
Ella Fitzgerald America's most influential jazz singer of
either sex. Her international popularity continues to grow although
she has been somewhat displaced by younger female "soul" singers
in this country. Born in Newport News in 1919.
Ira Gershwin Composer, wrote "Porgy & Bess" among his many works.
Roland Hayes Concert Tenor
Mahalia Jackson One of the nation's most admired gospel singers and
a source of spiritual strength and comfort to black American women
for decades. Born in New Orleans in 1911.
Dr. Karl L. King Long-time band-master and composer of
Fort Dodge, Iowa.
Yehudi Menuhin "done much for international relations through music. 11
Mabel Mercer One of the world's great singers, born in Britain,
first major success at Bricktop's in Paris, 69 years old.
Rose Ponselle Director of the Baltimore Opera. Was first American
trained, Caruso. American opera singer to debut at the MET. Discovered by
Martha Raye Entertainer, toured Vietnam, WWII, Korea, visiting
U. S. Servicemen known as "Colonel Maggie" to servicemen
in U. S. posts all over the world.
Richard Rodgers Great songwriter
Andres Segovia Guitarist, born Linares, Spain in 1894. Has
appeared in recital throughout the U. S., Europe, and South America.
Ravi Shankar The world's pre-eminent sitar artist, and one of
the truly classical dimensions despite his recent vogue among American
youth. Indian.
Isaac Stern Russian-born violinist who spearheaded public campaign
to save Carnegie Hall, has played with major orchestras of the U. S.
and Europe, and has encouraged the growth of philharmonic orchestras
in major cities throughout the nation.
Fred Waring Founder of the Fred Waring Music Workshop;
musical entertainer for 60 years.
Lawrence Welk
Entertainer; "Mr. Music Ambassador" (74 years old)
DANCERS, ACTORS, MOVIE DIRECTORS
GEORGE BALANCHINE With Martha Graham, probably the
greatest living choreographer; inventor and composer of
modern dances, director of the New York City Ballet.
INGMAR BERGMAN Swedish film writer and director, and the
world's most celebrated creator of impressionist movies.
Born 1918.
BING CROSBY Enduring popularity as an entertainer. Enter-
tained troops during World War II.
MARGOT FONTEYN Prima ballerina. Born May, 1919 in England.
Decorated Dame Commander Order of British Empire in 1956;
Order of Finnish Lion in 1960; President of the Royal Academy
of Dancing in 1954.
MARTHA GRAHAM American dancer who has contributed enormously
to her profession, as both teacher (Julliard School) and
performer for over 40 years. Appeared as guest of leading
orchestras throughout the United States.
HELEN HAYES For her pre-eminence in the theatre.
GEORGE JESSEL Author, playwrite, entertainer, participated
in six Vietnam and 20 USO trips to entertain the armed
services all over the world.
DANNY KAYE Great stage entertainer, motion picture star
and television recording artist. Honorary member of the
American College of Surgeons. Extensive volunteer work
for UNICEF. Fundraiser ($4.5 million) for pension funds
for the American symphony.
JERRY LEWIS Prominent entertainer and most active in fund
raising for Muscular Dystrophy.
DANCERS, ACTORS, MOVIE DIRECTORS (Continued)
SIR LAURENCE OLIVIER Famous English actor, best known for
Shakespearian roles, winner of numerous awards in this
country and Britain, including Emmy Award for the "Moon
and Six Pence"; Award for the Best Acting Performance,
Motion Picture Academy; one of builders of Old Vic Company
in Britain, now nearing the end of his career.
JOHN WAYNE Movie star. Marks 50 years in movies in 1976.
Vocal Reagan supporter.
ORSON WELLES Actor and producer. Has acted in and directed
countless plays and movies, from Shakespeare to Melville
and Kafka; one of the great American theatrical personages
of the past three decades.
ADOLPH ZUKOR Father of film
SCHOLARS AND EDUCATORS
GEORGE BENSON Educator; recipient of the Valley Forge
Freedoms Foundation every year since 1949; Arkansan of the
Year 1953-1954; Oklahoma Hall of Fame 1972. Organized the
National Education Program in 1941.
BRUNO BETTELHEIM Educator. Professor of Psychology,
University of Chicago since 1944. Author of numerous books
on treatment of autistic and emotionally disturbed children.
Principal of the Orthogenic School since 1944. Leading
thinker and writer and clinician in the field of severely
disturbed children.
NORMAN E. BORLAUG Agricultural economist. Founder of "green
revolution" theory for developing countries. Nobel Peace
Prize winner.
ERIK ERIKSON Psychoanlyst and Educator. Is perhaps the
leading psychoanalytic theorist and writer since Freud. A
teacher of great distinction and a clinical analyst. Has
been Professor at Harvard since 1960.
LOUIS™ FINKELSTEIN Chancellor, the Jewish Theological
Seminary of America. President, Institute of Relgious and
Social Studies. Author, lecturer in theology.
WELTHY HONSINGER FISHER Dedicated American humanitarian for
more than half a century. Founded Literacy House in India
in 1952. Received first Nehru Literacy award. Received
Ramon Magsaysay award, Philippines. Variety Club International
1970 Humanitarian Award.
JOHN HOPE FRANKLIN Educator, author, and historian. Professor
at the University of Chicago and Chairman of the Board of
Foreign Scholarships and other government commissions, 1962-
1968. Is active in historical professional societies and the
author of numerous fine books in that field. Is probably the
leading Negro historian writing today.
WILLIAM FRANKLIN (BILLY) GRAHAM Educator, minister and
evangelist, author, editor and humanitarian, counselor and
friend to many.
SCIENTISTS
Elmer Bobst Dedication to American Cancer Society over past 30
years. Responsible for developing the entire marketing strategy
for getting in front of the public the seven warning signals of
cancer. National Cancer Advisory Board; Distinguished Service
Award from the American Cancer Society.
Dr. Verne Chaney Founder, Thomas A. Dooley Foundation, Inc.,
Army surgeon, former Exective Director of MEDICO for
Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Malaysia; arranged new programs
for Afghanistan, India, Burma, and Hong Kong. Worked with
Dooley in SE Asia.
William Chapman Commander USN, Retired: Established Armed
Foreces Radiation Biology Research Institute (to study harmful
effects of radiation).
Rene DuBos physician and scientiest, now at Rockefeller University
one of the pioneer medical scientists of the United States.
J. George Harrar Foundation executive (now President of the
Rockefeller Foundation), a botanist and agricultural
expert; he revived Mexican agriculture.
Dr. Henry J. Heimlich Director of Surgery, Jewish Hospital,
Cincinnati; Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, University
of Cincinnati; developed the Heimlich Maneuver to prevent
fatal choking and the Heimlich Operation - replacement for the
esophagus.
Peter Kapitsa Distinguished Soviet physicist; worked with
Rutherford at Cambridge in the 1920's but brought back to USSR in
1933; head of the Institute of Physical Sciences at the National Academy
in Moscow; somewhat at odds with Soviet establishment, but works
within it. Will visit U. S.
Dr. James R. Killian Former Chairman of Corporation and President
of MIT; Major figure in shaping of U. S. Science policy. First,
Science Advisor to the President (Eisenhower), and served 5
Presidents as consultant/advisor, member of Board - AT&T, GM
Polaroid, Member of Gen. Adv. Comm. of U. S. Arms Control and
Disarm. Agency, Numerous honorary degrees (Howard, Penn., Calif,
NYU).
Dr. James R. Maxfield Founder of the Maxfield Clinic Hospital;
pioneer investigator of the field of Nuclear Medicine. Former
President of the Southwestern Society of Nuclear Medicine and
the Society of Nuclear Medicine. Author of many papers on
radiology and nuclear medicine.
Karl Menninger Outstanding American psychiatrist; head of the
Menninger Foundation and the Menninger Clinic in Topeka;
author; professor of psychiatry at several medical schools; has
done much to humanize the treatment of the mentally ill in
America, and has distinguished himself as a leader in the field.
Jonas Salk Physician, scientiest; discoverer of "Salk vaccine" to
prevent polio; has continued biological and biochemical research
since then, but his chief contribution was to free the U. S. (and
the world) from the scourge of polio.
Dr. Fred L. Soper Received the Walter Reed Medal for work in
Tropic Medicine, South American Director for the Rockefeller
Foundation; Director of the Pan-American Sanitary Bureau,
Pan-American Health Organization. Former Director of the
Cholera Research Laboratory in Dacca, Bangladesh. Numerous
awards from Brazil, Columbia, the Dominican Republic, Egypt
U. S. and Venezuela.
Dr. Norman Topping President, University of Southern California
Active in medical research on viruses and epidemiology.
Jerrold Zacharias Physicist; teacher; faculty member of MIT and
Director of the Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Engineering.
He has brought the wisdom of the University to bear on the
education of elementary and high school students.
Vladimir Zworykin Inventor; scientist and corporation executive
(now 80 years old), His work made television possible.
SCHOLARS AND EDUCATORS (Continued)
PAUL FREUND Attorney and educator. University Professor
at Harvard, biographer of Justice Holmes, government worker
in Justice Department and elsewhere in 1930s. A brilliant
teacher and perhaps the leading scholar in American
Constitutional law. Author of several seminal books in
that field.
JAMES M. GUSTAFSON Educator, author. Professor at Yale
Divinity School.
GEORGE J. HECHT Founder, Publisher and Chairman of the Board
of Parents' Magazine. Chairman of the Child Welfare League,
and responsible for many pieces of legislation concerning
children. Largest single contributor to the UNICEF support.
(81 years old)
RUPERT N. RICHARDSON Educator, author, historian. Foremost
living authority on the history of the Southwest.
SIDNEY HOOK Teacher, philosopher, author.
CARDINAL J. FRANCIS MC INTYRE Head of the Archdiocese of
Los Angeles.
MARGARET MEADE Eminent American anthropologist. Most famous
for work in comparing contemporary cultures. Is the author
of popular works in the field, including Growth and Culture
and Coming of Age in Samoa, which first made broad segments
of the public aware of similarities between their own culture
and those of contemporary peoples in less developed regions.
GUY D. NEWMAN Minister and educator. Former President of
Howard Payne College, Texas. Founder of the Douglas MacArthur
Academy of Freedom, 1962.
STATESMEN AND PUBLIC SERVANTS
George D. Aiken U. S. Senator from 1940-1974 (34 years) from
Vermont; Republican; born 1892. Has been Lieutenant Governor and
Governor of Vermont. An esteemed eldeer statesman of the Senate.
Ivan Allen, Jr. Merchant and businessman; Mayor of Atlanta in
the 1960's. Retired after distinguished service to government and
race relations as a spokesman for the New South.
Omar Bradley General of the Army; Administrator of Veterans
Affairs; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Chairman of the
Board of Bulova Watch Company.
James F. Byrnes Congressman, Senator, Governor, Supreme Court
Justic, Secretary of State.
Emanuel Celler Member of Congress from 1922-73 (51 years), and
Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. Dean of the House.
Mrs. Nicole Cortesi Freedom fighter during WWII.
Honorable Colgate W. Darden, Jr., Governor of Virginia (1942-46)
Note: Virginia delegation of the U. S. House of Representatives
voted a unanimous recommendation of this candidate.
Lewis Deschler Parliamentarian, U. S. House of Representatives
(1928-71: 43 years); working for 9 Speakers. 1st recepient of the
John W. McCormick Award for Excellence in Congressional employees,
Presently a Paliamentary Consultant to the House.
C. Douglas Dillon Public servant; Secretary of the Treasury
(1960-65); Under Secretary of State (1958-60); New York investment
banker.
Milton Eisenhower University President (including John Hopkins,
1956-67); member and chairman of scores of commissions and
committees; active in the United Nation affairs; educator and public
servant.
James Farley politician
Arthur Goldberg Attorney; Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
(1962-65): Secretary of Labor (1961-62) Ambassador to the United
Nations (1965-68); active in labor matters and many outside institutions
and organizations.
Bryce Harlow Assistant to Presidents Eisenhower and Nixon.
E. Roland Harriman Director of the American National Red
Cross for 23 years. Brother of former Governor Averill Harriman
who received the Medal of Freedom from President Johnson.
Note: Recommended by Bob Hartmann.
Carl Hayden U. S. Senator and senior member of the Senate
until his retirement in 1969. Born in 1877. Has served in the
Congress longer than any man in history.
Ambassador Henry R. La Bouisse U. S. Ambassador to Greece; Director
of the U. N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine.
Charles Lindbergh The first American aviator hero (possibly the
first astronaut), captured the world's imagination by his solo flight
from New York to Paris in the Spirit of St. Louis; continued to
contribute to the progress of aviation ghrough his work as a consultant to
commercial airlines, now turning to conservation in efforts to save
wildlife threatened with extinction.
Hall S. Lusk Former Chief Justice of Oregon Supreme Court,
U. S. Senator from Oregon. Note: Democrat,
Robert Murphy Business executive and diplomat; Ambassador to
Belgium (1949-52); to Japan 1952; Assistant Secretary, Deputy
Uner Secretary and Under Secretary of State; author; Chairman,
Corning Glass Internationl; distinguished diplomatic service
during World War II.
Nelson Rockefeller Governor of New York; Diplomatic service in
several posts(1940-51); Under Secretary of HEW(1953-54); Vice
President; trustee and director of many organizations; founder
and art collector.
Earl Warren Chief Justice of the United States (1953-69) Attorney
General of California (1939-43); Governor of California (1943-53)
jurist and public servant.
James Webb Government official; Administrator of NASA (1961-68);
Director of Bureau of the Budget (1946-49); Under Secretary
of State (1949-52); businessman; professional leader in public
administration field.
POSTHUMOUS AWARDS
Louis Armstrong Musician; composer; orchestra leader;
recording artist; goodwill ambassador (in later years) for
the United States -- visited numerous foreign countries.
Wilbur M. Brucker Former Secretary of the Army (1955-61) ;
Longest term since Secretary Stanton who was under Lincoln.
Former Governor of Michigan, Former General Counsel of the
Defense Department; worked to modernize the Army.
John Dos Passos Writer; social critic; outstanding American
historian; winner of the National Institute of Arts and Letters
gold medal in 1957.
Llewellyn J. Evans Former President of Gruman Corporation.
"Responsible for lunar module had Gruman developed a
fine space shuttle proposal which is still in competition for
the award [what award]
probably had his heart attack from
working to death to get the Navy F-14 underway."
Dr. Frank C. Laubach Founder of Laubach Literacy, Inc
Internationally know literacy expert; founded "each one
teach one" method. Is credited with teaching 60 to 100
million people to read. Organized Literacy Committee 1935.
A founder of Committee on World Literacy and Christian Literature
of the National Council of Churches 1941. Founded Laubach
Literacy Inc. 1955 -- non-profit organization. 1967, founded
National Affiliation for Literacy Advance.
Arthur Morris Founder of Morris Plan Banks which led to the
opening of consumer credit in this country. For years his
plan was only legal way people of low or moderate income could
borrow money without substantial collateral.
Major General Leif J. Sverdrup U. S. Army Reserve, Retired.
Under Genreal MacArthur, he contributed to the airfield,
bridge, and road construction in the Southwest Pacific Theatre
of Operation. Chairman of the Board of the Board of Visitors
to the U. S. Miliary Academy (7 times). Note: Carl Curtis
is very interested in this candidate, and indicated that there
is strong support in Missouri for this man.