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Science and Technology Policy, Office of (8)
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Science and Technology Policy, Office of (8)
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James M. Cannon Files (Ford Administration)
James Cannon's Issues Files
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President (1974-1977 : Ford). Office of Science and Technology Policy. (5/11/1976 - 1/20/1977)
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Presidential advisors
Vice-Presidents
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1975
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The original documents are located in Box 32, folder "Science and Technology Policy,
Office of (8)" of the James M. Cannon Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Saince
MEMORANDUM
XC: Jim Cannon
OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT
WASHINGTON
July 11, 1975
FOR:
THE VICE PRESIDENT
FROM:
DICK ALLISON
SUBJECT: Meeting of Scientists, July 17
FORD LIBRARY & CENTED
1. Background
- Hans Mark and Simon Ramo met in Los Angeles on
July 1 and put together a list of invitees,
all of whom have thus far accepted (TAB A)
- Simon Ramo has sent each a memo outlining
the meeting, and suggesting possible subject
areas for study by task forces (TAB B);
- Simon Ramo has also drafted a suggested
agenda (TAB C) ;
- please note that you are asked to
make introductory remarks, preside
at the lunch, and join the group
when they meet with the President
at 5:30;
- Simon Ramo has indicated that, if and
when you have to leave the meeting, he
will be glad to informally be chairman,
to keep the meeting moving along;
- Hans Mark has additional observations on
the meeting, which he has put in a letter to
you (TAB D) ;
- Hans Mark has also suggested "Criteria for
the Selection of Tasks [i.e., study areas].
(TAB E).
Digitized from Box 32 of the James M. Cannon Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
-2-
2. The President
- The President has agreed to meet with the
group for 15 minutes at 5:30; he couldn't
do it any earlier because of his schedule.
3. Other Information
- Hans Mark and Simon Ramo have said that they
will be "secretaries" on the 17th, taking
the notes and working up the consensus in
the form of written recommendations for you
and the President;
- Simon Ramo also asked me to tell you he
will be in town mid-afternoon on the 16th
(the day before the meeting) should you
have any last minute questions;
- By the 16th I shall have prepared briefing
books and talking points for you and for
the President;
- Unless you object, it is planned to have
a Domestic Council and NSC representative
attend as observers.
- No press coverage is planned.
Dr. William O. Baker
Dr. Wilmot N. Hess
President
Director, Environmental Research Labs.
Bell Laboratories
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin.
Murray Hill, N. J. 07974
Boulder, Colorado 80302
Telephone: (201) 582-3423
Telephone: (303) 499-1000, ext. 6357
Dr. Lewis M. Branscomb
Dr. Hans M. Mark
Vice President & Chief Scientist
Director
International Business Machines Corp.
Ames Research Center
Armonk, New York 10504
NASA
Telephone: (914) 765-1900
Moffett Field, California 94035
Telephone: (415) 965-5111
Dr. Harold Brown
President
Dr. Franklin D. Murphy
California Institute of Technology
Chairman of the Board
Pasadena, California 91109
Times Mirror Company
Telephone: (213) 795-6841
Times Mirror Square
Los Angeles, California 90053
Dr. Lee A. DuBridge
Telephone: (213) 486-3838
2355-3A Via Mariposa
West Laguna Hills, Calif. 92653
Dr. Courtland Perkins
Telephone: (714) 830-7689
President
National Academy of Engineering
Dr. John S. Foster, Jr.
2101 Constitution Avenue, N. W.
Vice President for Energy Research
Washington, D. C. 20418
and Development
Telephone: (202) 393-8100
TRW Inc.
One Space Park
Dr. Simon Ramo
Redondo Beach, Calif. 90278
Vice Chairman of the Board & Chairman
Telephone: (213) 535-1335
of the Executive Committee
TRW Inc.
Dr. Philip Handler
One Space Park
President
Redondo Beach, California 90278
National Academy of Sciences
Telephone: (213) 536-1005
2101 Constitution Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20418
Dr. Norman C. Rasmussen
Telephone: (202) 393-8100
Professor
Dept. of Nuclear Engineering
Dr. J. George Harrar
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
30 West 54th Street, Suite 907
138 Albany Street
New York, N. Y. 10019
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Telephone: (212) 582-6420
Telephone: (617) 253-3802 or 253-4206
Dr. Dixy Lee Ray
600 Third Avenue
Fox Island, Washington 98333
Telephone: (206) 549-2446
Dr. H. Guyford Stever
Director
National Science Foundation
1800 G Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20550
Telephone: (202) 632-4001
Dr. Edward Teller
Director-at-Large
Lawrence Livermore Lab.
University of California
Livermore, California 94550
Telephone: (415) 447-1100, ext. 3444
Memo to List Attached, from Simon Ramo
July 7, 1975
Subject: July 17 Meeting with Vice President Rockefeller
FORD LIBRARY
The meeting, as discussed already with almost all of you, will
be from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. in the Executive Office Complex in
Washington, D. C. (You will shortly receive a letter from Richard
Allison of the Vice President's staff, giving room number, traveling
expense reimbursement and all other required information. ) We shall
all be guests of the Vice President for luncheon.
To confirm, the purpose of the meeting will be to exchange
thoughts regarding the most urgent and important science and tech-
nology issues of the society. Pending passage by Congress of the
President's proposal for an Office of Science and Technology Policy
within the Executive Office of the President, it is considered advantageous
to commence the task of identifying areas which are of major importance
for scientific and technological development and would be suitable for
study by task forces set up within the new Office. When the Office is
established, its director selected and installed, and the staffing begun,
an available list of recommended areas for immediate consideration
(together with names of individuals believed especially competent to
serve on task forces) should be helpful in speeding up action.
The candidate areas we will discuss at the meeting probably
will have characteristics such as these:
1.
Nature and importance such as to be totally appropriate
for attention at the Presidential level.
2.
Science and technology aspects dominant or at least very.
strong, even though most often the subject will have at
least an equally important dependence on non-technological
(economic, social, and political) considerations.
3.
Science and technology aspects such as to require broad,
interdisciplinary deliberations.
4.
Interfaces between the science and technology and non-
technological aspects highly complex.
To:
List Attached
7/7/75
Page 2
Subj:
July 17 Meeting with Vice President Rockefeller
5.
Problem such as to lend itself to useful attack by an ad
hoc task force.
One, or a few, task forces might conceivably be appointed at
once (by the President, without waiting for the new Science and Tech-
nology Office to become effective) if the matter appears sufficiently
clear and urgent. These early task forces might engage in an initial
phase (say, a six-month period) in which they will not be concerned
primarily with seeking out the detailed answer to the question. Rather,
the group will try to describe a proper program (short or long-range as
may be most sensible, or a combination of the two) by means of which
the problem best can be handled. The initial phase may be followed by a
different task (and perhaps a different task force) concerned with moni-
toring, continuing advice, and an effort to guide and improve the per-
formance of the implementation program commenced as a result of the
advice from the first panel.
Because the tasks will involve deliberations of interactions be-
tween scientific and technological aspects and the other important para-
meters, the manning of a task force should reflect this varied content.
Thus, a typical task force of, say, ten individuals might include only
five leading experts in the underlying science and technology, with the
other five a mixture of generalists skilled in the application of science
and technology to the society and specialists in the pertinent social, eco-
nomic, and political issues.
A number of steps, hopefully of short duration each, will be
required before a task force commences actual operations (selection
of a specific problem area, definitization of the charter for the task
force, selection and recruitment of a suitable chairman, selection and
recruitment of the remainder of the task force, creation of a plan for
meetings, arranging associated staff support). Realistically, these
steps cannot be accomplished over night; they may require one or two
months. At about that time, it is hoped that the bill creating the Office
will have been passed, and at least an embryonic staff on hand to serve
the task forces as they start their activities.
To: List Attached
7/7/75
Page 3
Subj: July 17 Meeting with Vice President Rockefeller
Enclosed are several examples of candidate areas for discussion
at the meeting. You are encouraged to be prepared to make suggestions
of projects you consider suitable. We have arranged for adequate note-
taking so that all proposals made in the discussion can be considered
for future follow-up.
While I have knowledge that almost all of you can attend, a few
had not been reached yet as this was being written. Since the time is
short, we plan to assume that each of you will attend unless we hear to
the contrary. A message will reach me if left with my Los Angeles
office, (213) 536-1005.
s. Ramo
Simon Ramo
SR
mr
Encls.
Nuclear Energy, Materials Control and National Security
A new level of potential nuclear proliferation has surfaced with
the energy crisis. As many more nuclear reactors become available
around the world, and enriched uranium and plutonium are produced,
shipped and utilized at a higher rate, the problem of control of these
materials has risen to new heights. Together with the increasing
spread of technological know-how, this means that an increasing num-
ber of nations, even relatively small ones, could now turn available
materials into at least a small number of weapons. (We can add to
our concerns the possible stealing of weapons.)
The matter of control figures into recommendations, decisions,
and actions, taken by a number of government agencies but Presidential
level decision making may be increasingly required because of the
growing breadth of the problem. How enriched uranium will be pro-
duced in the United States and in the rest of the world, and with what
kind and degree of governmental control (both by the separate govern-
ments and in the sense of cooperation between them), cannot evolve
intelligently without an adequate base of analytical and creative effort
in the related science and technology.
Means for control of critical materials include both technological
and non-technological aspects. It is proposed that the task force examine
both aspects with thoroughness, and that the interactions of the techno-
logical to non-technological be considered realistically.
The task force should attempt a superior articulation of the
nature of the various aspects of the problem, their interaction and
integration and the laying out of alternative approaches to the handling
of it. The task force's results could aid in the allocation of the various
segments of the problem to the government agencies most suitable,
and could provide recommendations on how to achieve the required
continued integration of the overall attack on the problem.
Food and Famine
The United States probably does not have a critical problem of
food supply (though our problems do include matters of pricing and dis- -
tribution). However, the world food problem on the average is so
severe that hundreds of millions of people will be at or near the star-
vation point over the next decade or two. Other millions will suffer
such undernourishment as to become mental or physical cripples.
More widespread birth control and increased food production and dis- -
tribution (both of which will rely in major part on science and tech-
nology as well as on government policies) will have to parallel political
understandings if this problem is to be handled, both in the short and
the long term.
While important fragments of this developing situation are under
study by numerous government and private groups around the world,
there does not exist an adequate science and technology base for those
aspects of the problem which are greatly influenced by science and
technology. It is likely that the President will have to deal with these
issues on a crash-urgency basis, that is, without the availability of
adequate backup knowledge of the interrelationships of the various
aspects of the problem and of the costs and benefits of alternative
actions. The task force should attempt to lay out a program for chang-
ing this situation to a more satisfactory one.
International Economics and Technology Transfer
Science and technology considerations are important ingredients
of, and sometimes the dominant factor in, many issues in the field of
international economics and, more generally, in a variety of political-
social-economics matters involving the relations of the United States
to other countries. Examples of such issues are: balance of payments;
trade restrictions; detente with the Soviet Union; controls on private
foreign investment; "export of technology" by multinational corpora-
tions; foreign government sponsorship of competitive industrial opera-
tions (such as foreign government subsidies of their national airlines);
international information exchange on energy R&D programs.
Usually, such issues are handled by the Executive Department
and the Congress, or discussed by the media, with little appreciation
of the importance of the underlying science and technology and the
aspects of technological competition between nations. The issues
overlap and interact and it is not easy to separate technological from
non-technological considerations. However, a concerted effort to
clarify the science and technology underpinnings of these matters
should lead to an improved understanding of the issues, alternatives,
and costs and penalties of specific courses of action. This better under-
standing should result in superior decisions.
The status of America's scientific research and advanced tech-
nological development is very fundamental to America's economic
health and to world economic stability. Compatible/trade and invest-
ment relationships with the rest of the world certainly require that the
U. S. should plan for and demonstrate leadership in science and ad-
vanced technology in at least certain fields. In ensuring healthy peace-
time economic cooperation and development -- in this discussion we
are excluding military aspects -- it is of fundamental importance to
move our understanding of the role of science and technology to a
higher plateau.
This task force might be a continuing one. However, as a first
phase an attempt should be made to understand the problem of the re-
lationship of science and technology to international economic-social-
political issues, and then to evolve ways in which specific problem
areas might best be attacked. After the suggestion of improved
International Economics and Technology Transfer
Page 2
mechanisms and procedures, and the assigning of further responsibilities
to various government agencies for implementation, the task group (or
a new one) might continue as advisory for the purpose of monitoring
the effort.
Productivity and Information Technology
An increasing fraction of the time of all workers in the nation
(in government, business, factories, services, professions, education)
is spent in the handling of information. What most people do at their
jobs is obtain, store, categorize, deliberate upon, process, communi-
cate, and utilize information. Substantial increases in the efficiency of
performing such tasks means increases in productivity, which in turn
means reduced costs, a counter to inflation, higher per capita income,
lower government budgets, greater discretionable income for invest-
ment, higher gross national product, and improvement in the competi-
tive position of the U. S. vis-a-vis other nations.
In the last decade, and especially the last few years, we have
seen an upturn in the rate of development and future potential of new
electronic information systems technology. We now have lower cost,
more reliable, smaller, less energy-consuming -- and yet more
sophisticated electronic hardware, as well as vastly superior soft-
ware systems.
Some industries (airlines in automatic electronic reservation
making, banks in electronic computerized teller systems, department
stores in charge authorization) are rapidly installing the new technol-
ogy. They are realizing gains in quality of service rendered, a sub-
stantial return on investment, and lower cost to the consumer. Routine
accounting operations, both in government and in private activities,
have long since gone to computerization:for improved efficiency and
lower costs. However, the overall gap between what is now techno-
logically and economically feasible, and what is installed or contem-
plated for early installation, is very great. Shift-overs to new systems,
even though they provide higher productivity after installation, still
depend upon the availability of capital. Capital budgets have been
squeezed owing to the combination of recession, inflation and the low
profits of the immediate past and present.
In government, in particular, the potential exists of substantially
decreased cost for all operations which handle information (and this
covers a large fraction of government expenditures).
The proposed task force, including specialists in information
technology and generalists who are skilled in the application of technology
Productivity and Information Technology
Page 2
to practical real-life problems in government and private organizations,
should consider how the application of information technology to enhance
productivity could be accelerated. What is the role of the federal gov-
ernment in this regard? Is it feasible to start a major project to plan
out and then implement major changeovers in information handling in
various government sectors? If so, which sectors, through what kind
of implementation scheme? How would such a program be mounted?
What would be its potential costs, timing, benefits? How are the tech-
nological skills of the private sector to be utilized? If a large effort is
mounted to improve productivity in the government sector by the use of
advanced information technology, how can the results be made to flow
most readily for application in the private sector?
Communications
Increasingly, communications policy has to be dealt with at the
highest federal government level. The interaction of commercial and
military communications matters, the rapid development of new tech-
nology (as exemplified by communications satellites, microminiaturiza-
tion, and digital communication techniques), the interrelationship of
private and government participation, the growing issue of privacy, the
international aspects of communications (both from the standpoint of
security and peacetime economic cooperation) -- these and many other
aspects of the communications field are creating a growing backlog of
unfinished, unthought-out communication policy problems.
It is probably a continuing task force assignment to sort out
these communications issues with emphasis on creating a solid founda-
tion of understanding of the science and technology aspects.
Environment, Health, Safety
We badly lack an adequate scientific base for judging the effects
on the health and safety of people of numerous man-made phenomena.
Whether it be radiation hazards due to nuclear effects, carcinogenics,
ozone-removing material in the upper atmosphere, insect controls,
air pollution, or noise, the prevailing situation is one of increasing
confusion.
This situation is far less tolerable than it was a few years ago
because of the increasing importance of impending energy shortages
and problems with the economy. A stable, low unemployment, growing
economy involves steps that have to be traded off against others intended
to preserve the environment and to control health and safety hazards.
Decisions in this field are being delayed or are too often based on emo-
tional and political, rather than objective, considerations. In some
important areas, a near paralysis in decision making has set in. (Is it
good or bad to accelerate the development and installation of nuclear
reactors? Are automobile exhaust standards too severe? Can sub-sea
petroleum be extracted without serious danger of contamination of the
shores?)
Decisions regarding tradeoffs will always involve value judgments
and the goals of the society will always be difficult to articulate and then
use as guides. Available data will never be totally exact and complete.
However, it would be much easier to settle the major issues if those
parts of the problem susceptible to scientific analysis are adequately
explored, and if the public believes the search for such data is made
with competence.
Many government agencies and private groups are already
presently involved and some of the work is being as competently pur-
sued as could be arranged. However, the total effort is highly frag-
mented and most groups are looking at the problem from a very narrow
base of consideration. The nation can do better in this area. The pay-
off of a superior effort would be high in terms of getting on with the
making of sound decisions and the implementing of projects that are
badly needed.
The task force should study how this whole problem area can be
attacked. What further effort is needed? Who should carry it out?
Environment, Health, Safety
Page 2
How can the effort be integrated to the extent necessary? How can the
results be communicated to provide the greatest benefit? What projects
particularly deserve the highest priority?
The task force might consist of approximately a dozen individuals.
There should be one or two each of experts in the physical science, engi-
neering, and biomedical specialties involved. Several panel members
should be experienced in relating the pertinent science and technology
to the economic-political-social aspects.
THE SECRETARY or HEALTH EDUCATION AND WELFARE
WASHINGTON. 0 0 20201
their
CHARTER
FORD
PRESIDENT'S BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH PANEL
GERALD
LIBRARY
Purpose
P.L. 93-352, Title II, establishes the President's Biomedical Research
Panel to review and assess, identify and make recommendations with
respect to policy issues concerning the subject and content of and
organization and operation of biomedical and behavioral research con-
ducted and supported under programs of the National Institutes of
Health and the National Institute of Mental Health.
Note: Does Authority not include the Veterans Admin., AEC, NASA, Food and Drug Admin, Communicable Dis. Center,
Mandated by Title II of P.L. 93-352. Subject to the special provisions
of Title II, this Panel is established in accordance with and is governed
by the provisions of P.L. 92-463 which sets forth standards for the
formation and use of advisory committees.
Function
The Fresident's Biomedical Research Panel shall advise the President
and the Congress concerning biomedical and behavioral research conducted
and supported under programs of the National Institutes of Health and
the National Institute of Mental Health. Note: Does not include man-boucr
training aspects Structure (not explicit mandate); also, no -deptd analysis of effect on colleges and
universities is to be expected.
The Panel shall consist of the Chairman of the President's Cancer Panel
and six members appointed by the President who by virtue of their
training, experience and background are exceptionally qualified to carry
out the duties of the Panel. At least five of the members shall be
distinguished scientists or physicians. The President shall designate
one of the appointed members to serve as Chairman of the Panel.
The six appointed members shall be appointed for the life of the Panel.
Management and staff services shall be provided by the Office of the
Assistant Secretary for Health and that Office shall designate an
Executive Secretary.
Meetings
Meetings shall be held monthly at the call of the Chairnen, with the
advance approval of a government official. A Government official is
present at all meetings.
AGENDA (as of July 11, 1975)
Meeting of Science and Technology Consultants
with Vice President Rockefeller, July 17, 1975
(Vice President's Conference Room, OEOB)
10:00 a.m.
1. Introductory remarks by the Vice President - status
of establishment of Office of Science and Technology
Policy
2. Discussion of criteria for Task Forces
3. Discussion of Task Force issue candidates
12:00
Lunch with the Vice President [White House private dining r
1:30 p.m.
4. Selection of urgent Task Forces
5. Discussion of Task Force member candidates
6. Discussion of follow-up plans
7.
Concluding comments by the Vice President
and the President
4:50 p.m. - adjourn for meeting with the President
5:15 p.m. - assemble for meeting with the President
(Cabinet Room or Roosevelt Room, as available)
5:30 p.m. - Meeting with the President
5:45 p.m. - Adjournment
AFFONAL
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
NATIONAL
ADMINISTRATION
AMES RESEARCH CENTER
MOFFETT FIELD, CALIFORNIA 94035
U.S.A.
REPLY TO
ATTN OF:
July 2, 1975
Vice-President Nelson A. Rockefeller
Room 275
Executive Office Building
Washington, D. C. 20501
Dear Nelson:
Please excuse the delay in my reply to the "marching orders" of
June 19 on the Technology Policy Advisory matters. I am, of course,
most delighted to be of any help I can. I wanted to delay this note
to have the opportunity to talk with Si Ramo before I replied. We
have now had several telephone conversations and yesterday we had a
lengthy and very productive meeting.
We discussed a number of ideas regarding the kinds of "task forces"
as well as the topics they should deal with. Most important, we are
attempting to develop a set of criteria that should be employed for
deciding whether a task force is actually necessary. I need not go
into detail about this matter here since Si himself will be in touch
with you shortly.
We also talked at length about the meeting of senior scientific
and technical people that we are planning to have on or about July 17.
We have what we believe is a good list - there are 16 names we will
suggest. Si and I also believe that it is very important to structure
the meeting in such a way that it is successful both from your viewpoint
and from that of the people who attend. Specifically, there are two
points we considered to be important:
(1) The meeting should have a well-defined agenda. If it is at
all possible, you should be there at the beginning to perhaps provide
some background information about what we have been doing in the past
few months with respect to the establishment of the Science and
Technology Policy Office. More important, I think that a short
statement of what you and the President expect from such an office would
be of great importance.
(2) If there is press coverage at (or after) the meeting it
should be very carefully worked out. Personally, I would prefer no
Vice-President Nelson A. Rockefeller
Page 2
July 2, 1975
press coverage at all. (Franklin Roosevelt used to say that advisors
are most valuable if they have a "passion for anonymity". I think he
was right.) However, if for some reason or other, the press is
involved, then there should only be one spokesman for the group
(preferably Si) and the meeting itself should be closed with a press
conference afterwards.
I will be in Washington next Tuesday (July 8) and will probably
drop in to see Jim Cannon on another matter. If you're in the office,
I'll stick my head in the door to say 'hello'.
Best regards to all.
Sincerely,
Haus
Hans Mark
CC: Dr. Simon Ramo
Criteria for the Selection of Tasks
It is assumed that a few "ad hoc" task forces will be formed soon to
deal with some of the more urgent problems. Generally speaking, the
topics that task forces will look at fall into two broad categories:
(1) Those topics dealing with an urgent political or social problem
that might have a technological component. (Examples: Nuclear proliferation,
health care for older people, urban mass transit, etc.) Task forces
studying such topics would have a membership that would include specialists
in the social, economic and political implications of the study as well as
technical and scientific people. The general orientation of these groups
would be toward short-term goals.
(2) Those topics that concern new technologies that are on the
horizon and that will develop so that they will have political or social
impact in the next decade (Examples: Genetic engineering, undersea mining,
etc. etc.). Task forces studying these topics will perform the 'early warning'
function that has been envisaged. The membership would be more heavily oriented
toward technical experts since the essential function of these task forces
would be to determine whether a given technology will actually mature to the
point where it will require the attention of political people. The general
orientation of these groups will be toward the long term.
The criteria used to select topics for study by task forces will differ
for the short-term and the long-term categories. For the short-term, a
task force should be set up if:
(1) There is no agency within the federal or state government dealing
adequately with the technical aspects of the problem.
-2-
(2) There is a serious dispute between two federal agencies, the
federal government and a state government or the public sector and the
private sector over some technical issue.
(3) Technical people who are knowledgeable but who are not presently
working on the subject can be drawn into it by the task force mechanism
(essentially recruiting).
For the long-term problems, a task force should be set up if:
(1) There is a general concensus that a given technology has great
potential for development to the point where it becomes socially important.
(2) There is a need to generate support for a potentially valuable
area of basic science that is being neglected.
(3) There is a situation where, by providing incentives to private
industry, a promising technology can be brought to fruition.
Sacrice
94TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H.R. 9058
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
JULY 30, 1975
Mr. TEAGUE (for himself and Mr. MOSHER) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on Science and Technology
GLRALD FORD LIBRARY
A
BILL
To establish a science and technology policy for the United
States, to provide for scientific and technological advice
and assistance to the President, to provide a comprehensive
survey of ways and means for improving the Federal effort
in scientific research and information handling, and in the
use thereof, to amend the National Science Foundation Act
of 1950, and for other purposes.
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3 That this Act may be cited as the "National Science and
4 Technology Policy and Organization Act of 1975".
I
2
3
1
TITLE I-NATIONAL SCIENCE POLICY
1
science widely available at home and abroad, and by
2
FINDINGS
2
maximizing the dissemination of technology in support
3
SEC. 101. (a) The Congress, recognizing the profound
3
of United States national and foreign policy goals;
4 impact of science and technology on society, and the inter-
4
(2) increasing the efficient use of essential ma-
5 relations of scientific, technological, economic, social, polit-
5
terials and products, and generally contributing to eco-
6 ical, and institutional factors, hereby finds and declares—
6
nomic opportunity, stability, and appropriate growth;
7
(1) that the general welfare, the security, the eco-
7
(3) assuring adequacy of food and energy for the
8
nomic growth and stability of the Nation, the conserva-
8
Nation's needs;
9
tion and efficient utilization of its natural and human
9
(4) contributing to the national security;
10
resources, and the effective functioning of government
10
(5) improving the Nation's health and medical
11
and society require vigorous, perceptive support and
11
care; and
12
employment of science and technology; and
12
(6) preserving, fostering, and restoring a healthful
13
(2) that the many large and complex scientific
13
and esthetic natural environment, and developing im-
14
factors which increasingly influence the course of national
14
proved housing and urban systems.
15
and international events require appropriate provision
15
DECLARATION OF POLICY
16
to incorporate scientific and technological knowledge in
16
Principles
17
the national decisionmaking process.
17
SEC. 102. (a) In view of the foregoing, the Congress
18
(b) As a consequence, the Congress finds and declares
18 declares that the United States shall adhere to a national
19 that the Nation's goals for science and technology should
19 policy for science and technology which includes the follow-
20 include, without being limited to, the following:
20 ing principles:
21
(1) fostering world leadership in the quest for
21
(1) the continuing development and imple-
22
international peace and progress toward human freedom,
22
mentation of a national strategy for determining and
23
dignity, and well-being by enlarging the contributions
23
achieving the appropriate scope, level, direction, and
24
of American scientists and engineers to the knowledge
24
extent of scientific and technological efforts based upon
25
of man and his universe, by making discoveries of basic
25
a continuous appraisal of science and technology goals
5
4
1
encouragement of independent initiatives based on such
1
and policies of the United States, and reflecting the
2
capabilities together with elimination of needless bar-
2
views of States, municipalities, and representative public
3
riers to scientific and technological innovation, (C)
3
groups;
4
4
(2) the enlistment of science and technology to
effective management and dissemination of scientific and
5
5
foster a healthy economy in which the directions of
technological information, (D) establishment of es-
6
sential technical and industrial standards and test
6
growth and innovation are compatible with the prudent
7
7
and frugal use of resources and with the preservation
methods, and (E) promotion of increased public under-
8
8
of a benign environment;
standing of science and technology; and
9
9
(3) the conduct of science and technology opera-
(6) the recognition that, as changing circumstances
10
10
tions SO as to serve domestic needs while concurrently
require periodic revision and adaptation of title I of this
11
11
promoting foreign policy objectives, and, through the
Act, the Federal Government is responsible for identify-
12
12
allocation of research and development resources, to
ing and interpreting the changes in those circumstances
13
13
maintain a proper ratio in the development and export
as they occur, and for effecting subsequent changes in
14
14
of technology between aid to lagging foreign economies
title I as appropriate.
15
15
and attainment of an equitable balance in world trade;
Implementation
16
16
(4) the recruitment, education, training, and re-
(b) To implement the policy enunciated in subsection
17
17
training of adequate numbers of scientists, engineers,
(a) of this section, the Congress declares that:
18
18
and technologists, and insuring their full utilization;
(1) There should be a central policy planning ele-
19
19
(5) the development and maintenance of a solid
ment in the executive branch to guide executive agencies
20
20
base for science and technology in the United States,
in mobilizing resources for essential science and tech-
21
21
including: (A) strong participation of and cooperative
nology programs, to present to the Congress the justi-
22
22
relationships with State and local governments and the
fication of such programs, to aid in securing appropriate
23
23
private sector, (B) the maintenance and strengthening
funding for those programs, and to review systematically
24
24
of diversified scientific and technological capabilities in
Federal science policy and programs and to recom-
25
25
government, industry, and the universities, and the
mend legislative amendment thereof when needed. A
6
7
1
major component of this structure should be an advisory
1
(4) Science and technology activities which may be
mechanism within the Executive Office of the President
2
2
properly supported exclusively by the Federal Gov-
3
SO that the Chief Executive may have available inde-
3
ernment should be distinguished from those in which
pendent, expert judgment and assistance on policy
4
4
interests are shared with State and local governments
matters which require accurate assessments of the com-
5
and the private sector. Cooperative relationships should
5
6
plex scientific and technological features involved.
6
be established that encourage the sharing of science
7
(2) It is a responsibility of the Federal Govern-
7
and technology decisionmaking, funding support, and
ment to insure prompt, effective, reliable, and syste-
8
8
program planning and execution among all interested
matic transfer of science and technology information by
9
elements of society.
9
such appropriate methods as the funding of technical
10
(5) Ways and means should be developed by
10
evaluation centers, cost sharing of information dissemi-
11
which the Federal Government can determine and
11
12
establish the level of national effort in science and
12
nation programs conducted by such nongovernmental
13
organizations as industrial groups and technical societies,
13
technology which should be sustained, taking into
14
14
and assistance in the publication of properly certified sci-
account competing public needs and available resources.
15
15
ence and technology information. In particular, it is
(6) Granting the need for a variety of approaches
16
within and among Federal, State, local, and nongov-
16
recognized as a responsibility of the Federal Govern-
17
ernmental activities in science and technology, it is
17
ment not only to coordinate and unify its own science
18
essential that means be proportioned to ends in the
18
and technology information systems, but to facilitate the
19
conduct of science and technology programs supported
19
close coupling of institutional scientific research with
20
or conducted by the Federal Government. Such pro-
20
commercial application of the useful findings of science.
21
grams should be centrally reviewed to assure rational al-
21
(3) It is further an appropriate Federal function
22
location of funds and resources, to identify public prob-
22
to support science and technology efforts which are in-
23
lems and objectives, to anticipate future concerns to
23
tended to provide results beneficial to the public but
24
which science and technology can contribute, and to
24
which the private sector may be unwilling or unable to
25
support.
8
9
1
devise strategies for the conduct of science and technol-
1
given to scientific and technological problems and oppor-
2
ogy for these purposes.
2
tunities offering promise of social advantage that are SO
3
(7) Comprehensive legislative support for the na-
3
long range, geographically widespread, or economically
4
tional science and technology effort requires that the
4
diffused that the Federal Government constitutes the last
5
Congress be regularly informed of the condition, health
5
resort for undertaking their support. However, such
6
and vitality, and funding requirements of science and
6
projects should conform with established criteria.
7
technology, the relation of science and technology to
7
(3) Federal promotion of science and technology
8
changing national goals, and the need for legislative
8
should maximize quality of research, stability of scien-
9
modification of the Federal endeavor and structure at all
9
tific and technological institutions, and, for urgent tasks,
10
levels as it relates to science and technology.
10
timeliness of results. With particular reference to Fed-
11
Procedures
11
eral support for basic research, funds should be allocated
12
(c) The Congress declares that, in order to expedite
12
to encourage education in needed disciplines, to provide
13 and facilitate the implementation of the policy enunciated
13
a base of scientific knowledge from which future essential
14 in subsection (a) of this section, the following coordinate
14
technological development can be launched, and to add
15 procedures are of paramount importance:
15
to the cultural heritage of the Nation.
16
(1) Federal procurement policy should encourage
16
(4) A uniform patent policy should be promulgated
17
the use of science and technology to foster frugal use
17
for all Federal agencies, having as its primary objective
18
of materials, energy, and appropriated funds; to assure
18
the application of procedures to assure the full use of
19
quality environment; and to enhance product perform-
19
beneficial technology to serve the public.
20
ance.
20
(5) Antitrust regulation to compel competitive eco-
21
(2) Explicit criteria, including cost-effectiveness
21
nomic pluralism should not preclude cooperation among
22
principles where feasible, should be developed to identify
22
competing firms in industrial research and development
23
the kinds of science and technology programs that are
23
beneficial to an entire industry and to the public.
24
appropriate for Federal funding support and to determine
24
(6) Closer relationships should be encouraged
25
the extent of such support. Particular attention should be
25
among practitioners of different scientific and techno-
H.R. 9058-2
11
10
1
logical disciplines, including the physical, social, and bio-
them the systematic interchange of scientific data and
1
2
2
medical fields.
technological findings developed under their programs.
3
TITLE II-OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND
3
(7) Federal departments, agencies, and instrumen-
4
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
4
talities should assure efficient management of laboratory
5
SHORT TITLE
5
facilities and equipment in their custody, including acqui-
6
SEC. 201. This title may be cited as the "Presidential
6
sition of effective equipment, disposal of inferior and
7 Science and Technology Advisory Organization Act of
7
obsolete properties, and cross-servicing to maximize the
8
1975".
8
productivity of costly hardware. Disposal policies should
9
ESTABLISHMENT
9
include attention to possibilities for further productive
10
SEC. 202. There is hereby established in the Executive
10
use.
11 Office of the President the Office of Science and Technology
11
(8) The full use of the contributions of science and
12 Policy, hereinafter referred to in this title as the "Office".
12
technology to support State and local government goals
13
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR; ASSISTANT DIRECTORS
13
should be encouraged.
14
(9) Formal recognition should be accorded those
14
SEC. 203. There shall be at the head of the Office a
15 Director who shall be appointed by the President, by and
15
persons whose scientific and technological achievements
16 with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall be
16
have contributed significantly to the national welfare.
17
(10) The Federal Government should support ap-
17 compensated at the rate provided for level II of the Execu-
18 tive Schedule in section 5313 of title 5, United States Code.
18
plied scientific research in proportion to the probability
of its usefulness, insofar as this probability can be deter-
19 The President may, at his discretion, also appoint not more
19
20 than four Assistant Directors, by and with the advice and
20
mined; but while maximizing the beneficial consequences
21 consent of the Senate, who shall be compensated at the rate
21
of technology, the Government should act to minimize
22
foreseeable injurious consequences.
22 provided for level III of the Executive Schedule in section
23 5314 of such title. Assistant Directors shall perform such
23
(11) Federal departments, agencies, and instru-
24 functions as the Director may from time to time prescribe.
24
mentalities should establish procedures to insure among
12
13
1
FUNCTIONS
1
regulations governing the research and development
2
SEC. 204. (a) The Director shall be the President's
2
activities of the various departments and agencies,
3 chief policy adviser and assistant with respect to scientific
3
together with any recommendations for their elimination,
4 and technological matters.
4
reform, or updating;
5
(b) In addition to such other functions and activities
5
(6) develop, review, and revise criteria for deter-
6 as the President may assign, the Director shall-
6
mining optimum Federal support for science and tech-
7
(1) advise the President of scientific and tech-
7
nology, and recommended policies, programs, and plans
8
nological considerations involved in areas of national
8
for development and maintenance of a broadly based
9
concern including, but not limited to, the economy, na-
9
scientific and technologic capability at all levels of gov-
10
tional security, health, foreign relations, the environ-
10
ernment, academia, and industry, and for the application
11
ment, and the technological recovery and use of
11
of such capabilities to national needs;
12
resources;
12
(7) in accordance with Presidential directives, fa-
13
(2) evaluate the scale, quality, and effectiveness of
13
cilitate international cooperation in science and tech-
14
the Federal effort in science and technology and advise
14
nology which will advance the national and interna-
15
on appropriate actions;
15
tional objectives of the United States;
16
(3) advise the President on scientific and techno-
16
(8) identify and assess emerging and future areas
17
logical considerations with regard to Federal budgets,
17
where science and technology can be effectively used in
18
provide the Office of Management and Budget with
18
addressing national and international problems;
19
an annual review and analysis of the proposed research
19
(9) submit to the President and the Congress timely
20
and development budgets of all Federal agencies, and
20
public reports on developments, trends, and problems in
21
participate throughout the budget development process;
21
science and technology deserving of national attention;
22
(4) assist the President in providing general leader-
22
(10) periodically review the nature and needs of
23
ship and coordination of the research and development
23
national science policy and make recommendations to
24
programs of the Federal Government;
24
the President and to the Congress for its timely and
25
(5) provide the President and the Congress with
26
annual reviews of Federal statutes and administrative
14
15
1
appropriate revision, in accordance with section 102 (a)
1
other arrangements for studies, analyses, and other services
2
(6) of title I of this Act; and
2 with public agencies and with private persons, organizations,
3
(11) maintain liaison with the Federal Council for
3 or institutions, and make such payments as he deems neces-
4
Science and Technology, the National Science Board,
4 sary to carry out the provisions of this Act without legal
5
and with all councils and offices of the Executive Office
5 consideration, without performance bonds, and without regard
6
of the President, and develop appropriate working rela-
6 to section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5).
7
tionships with the National Security Council and the
7
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
8
Domestic Council.
8
SEC. 207. The Director may utilize with their consent
9
PERSONNEL
9 the services, personnel, equipment, and facilities of other
10
SEC. 205. The Director is authorized, without regard
10 Federal agencies with or without reimbursement, and may
11 to the provisions of title 5 of the United States Code govern-
11 transfer funds made available pursuant to this Act to other
12 ing appointments in the competitive service and chapter 51
12 Federal agencies as reimbursement for the utilization of such
13 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of said title, to appoint and
13 services, personnel, equipment, and facilities.
14
fix the compensation, but not in excess of the rate prescribed
14
REORGANIZATIONS
15
for grade GS-18 of the General Schedule in section 5332 of
15
SEC. 208. (a) The President shall from time to time
16
said title, for such officers and employees as he may deem
16 examine the organization of the Office and shall deter-
17
necessary to perform the functions now or hereafter vested
17 mine what changes, if any, are necessary to reduce expendi-
18
in him, and to prescribe their duties.
18 tures and promote economy and efficiency, and to increase
19
CONSULTANT AND OTHER SERVICES
19 the Office's and the Director's capacity to render their
20
SEC. 206. The Director may (1) obtain services as
20 analyses, examinations, advice, and counsel, by reduction or
21
authorized by section 3109 of title 5 of the United States
21 increase in the number of members of such Office or by
22
Code, at rates not to exceed the rate prescribed for grade
22 reduction, expansion, or alteration of the duties and functions
23
GS-18 of the General Schedule by section 5332 of title 5 of
23 of the Office or of its Director. When the President, after
24
the United States Code, and (2) enter into contracts and
24 investigation, finds that any of such changes would promote
17
16
1 the policies and purposes of this Act, he may prepare a
1 TITLE III-THE FEDERAL SCIENCE AND TECH-
2
NOLOGY SURVEY COMMITTEE
2 reorganization plan for effecting the change or changes in-
3 volved, and submit such plan to the Congress, together with
3
ORGANIZATION
4 his findings and a statement of reasons for the proposed
4
SEC. 301. (a) (1) There is hereby established within
5 the Executive Office of the President, and in association with
5 change or changes, and shall have any such reorganization
6 the Office of Science and Technology Policy, a Federal
6 plan delivered to both Houses on the same day and to each
7 Science and Technology Survey Committee (hereinafter in
7 House while it is in session.
8 this title referred to as the "Committee"). The Committee
8
(b) A provision contained in a reorganization plan shall
9 shall consist of not less than five nor more than twelve
9 take effect at the end of the first period of sixty calendar days
10 of continuous session of Congress after such plan is trans-
10 members appointed by the President not more than 90 days
11 after the confirmation (as provided in section 203 of this
11 mitted to it (such days of continuous session to be computed
12 in accordance with section 906 (b) of title 5, United States
12 Act) of the Director of the Office of Science and Tech-
13 Code) unless, between the date of transmittal and the end of
13 nology Policy. The President shall designate one of such
14 members to serve as Chairman.
14 the sixty-day period, each House has passed a resolution stat-
15
(2) Each of the members of the Committee appointed
15 ing in substance that that House does not favor the reorga-
16 by the President pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be ex-
16 nization plan. However, no such plan shall take effect unless
17 ceptionally qualified and distinguished in science, engineer-
17 it is submitted to Congress before January 3, 1980.
18
18 ing, or closely related fields, or in public administration or
(c) The provisions of sections 908 through 913 of title
19 affairs, and shall be capable of rendering accurate and com-
19 5, United States Code, shall apply with respect to any reor-
20 prehensive analysis and critical examination of the programs
20 ganization plan transmitted to the Congress pursuant to sub-
21 and activities of the Government in the light of the findings
21 section (a) of this section.
22 and policies set forth in title I of this Act.
22
(d) A reorganization plan which is effective shall be
23
(3) Members of the Committee shall, while attending
23 printed (1) in the Statutes at Large in the same volume as
24 meetings of the Committee or while engaged in duties related
24 the public laws, and (2) in the Federal Register.
18
19
1 to such meetings or in other activities of the Committee pur-
1
(2) to provide for participation of such civilian and
2 suant to this Act, be entitled to receive the daily equivalent
2
military personnel as may be detailed to the Committee
3 of the annual rate of basic pay in effect for GS-18 of the
3
pursuant to subsection (d) of this section for carrying
4 General Schedule for each day, including traveltime, during
4
out the functions of the Committee.
5 which they are SO attending or engaged, and shall, while
5
(d) Upon request of the Committee, the head of any
6 away from their homes or regular places of business, be
6 Federal department, agency, or instrumentality (includ-
7 allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of sub-
7 ing the head of the Department of the Army, Navy, or
8 sistence, equal to that authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5703)
8 Air Force) is authorized (1) to furnish to the Committee
9 for persons in the Government service employed intermit-
9 such information as may be necessary for carrying out its
10 tently.
10 functions and as may be available to or procurable by such
11
(b) The Committee shall, with the approval of the
11 department, agency, or instrumentality, and (2) to detail
12 President, appoint an Executive Director who shall serve as
12 to temporary duty with the Committee on a reimburs-
13 chief executive officer, and who shall be paid at the rate
13 able basis such personnel within his administrative juris-
14 provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule in section
14 diction as it may need or believe to be useful for carrying
15 5315 of title 5, United States Code.
15 out its functions. Each such detail shall be without loss of
16
(c) In the performance of its duties and functions under
16 seniority, pay, or other employee status, to civilian em-
17 section 302, the Committee is authorized, through the
17 ployees SO detailed, and without loss of status, rank, office,
18 Executive Director or otherwise-
18 or grade, or of any emolument, perquisite, right, privilege,
19
(1) to select, appoint, employ, and fix the com-
19 or benefit incident thereto, to military personnel SO de-
20
pensation of such specialists and other experts as may be
20 tailed. Each such detail shall be pursuant to a cooperative
21
necessary for the carrying out of its duties and functions,
21 agreement of the Chairman with the head of the relevant
22
and to select, appoint, and employ, subject to the civil
22 department, agency, or instrumentality, and shall be in ac-
23
service laws, such other officers and employees as may
23 cordance with the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 33,
24
be necessary for carrying out its duties and functions;
24 title 5, United States Code.
25
and
20
21
1
DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS
1
(9) maintenance of adequate scientific and tech-
2
SEC. 302. (a) The Committee shall survey, examine,
2
nological manpower with regard to both quality and
3 and analyze the total context of the Federal science and
3
quantity; and
4 technology effort including missions, goals, personnel, fund-
4
(10) improved systems for planning and analysis
5 ing, organization, facilities, and activities in general. In pur-
5
of the overall Federal science and technology budget.
6 suit of this duty the Committee shall give particular attention
6
(b) (1) Upon completion of its assignment, the Com-
7 to needs for-
7 mittee shall submit a report of its activities, findings, conclu-
8
(1) organizational reform;
8 sions, and recommendations, together with such supporting
9
(2) improvements in existing systems for handling
9 data and material as may be necessary, to the Director of
10
scientific and technological information on a government-
10 the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
11
wide basis;
11
(2) The Director of such Office shall review the report
12
(3) technology assessment in the executive branch;
12 of the Committee and, within sixty days of receipt thereof,
13
(4) improved methods for effecting technology
13 transmit such report to the President and to each House of
14
innovation, transfer and use;
14 Congress together with such comments, observations, and
15
(5) stimulating more effective Federal-State and
15 recommendations thereon as he deems appropriate.
16
Federal-industry liaison and cooperation in science and
16
TERMINATION; FINAL REPORT
17
technology;
17
SEC. 303. The life of the Committee shall be fifteen
18
(6) reduction and simplification of Federal regu-
18 months from the date of its first organizational meeting.
19
lations and administrative practices and procedures
19 The Committee's final report setting forth its findings and
20
which may have the effect of retarding technological
20 recommendations shall be issued within this period.
21
innovation or opportunities for its utilization;
21
TITLE IV-MISCELLANEOUS
22
(7) a broader base for support of basic research;
22
AUTHORIZATION
23
(8) ways and means of effectively integrating
23
SEC. 401. There are authorized to be appropriated such
24
scientific and technological factors into our national and
24 sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this
25
international policies;
25
Act.
22
1
REPORT
2
SEC. 402. Sections 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Reorganization
3 Plan Numbered 2 of 1962 (76 Stat. 1253) and section 2 of
4 Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 of 1973 (87 Stat. 1089)
5 are repealed.
6
AMENDMENT
7
SEC. 403. Section 4 of the National Science Foundation
8 Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1863) is amended by striking out
9 subsection (g) and by redesignating subsections (h), (i),
10 and (j) as subsections (g), (h), and (i), respectively.
8200
94TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 9058
A BILL
To establish a science and technology policy for
the United States, to provide for scientific
and technological advice and assistance to
the President, to provide a comprehensive
survey of ways and means for improving the
Federal effort in scientific research and in-
formation handling, and in the use thereof,
to amend the National Science Foundation
Act of 1950, and for other purposes.
By Mr. TEAGUE and Mr. MOSHER
JULY 30, 1975
Referred to the Committee on Science and Technology
THE WHITE HOUSE
fu
WASHINGTON
September 22, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
PHIL BUCHEN
MAX FRIEDERSDORF
ROBERT T. HARTMANN
JIM LYNN
JACK MARSH
DON RUMSFELD
BILL SEIDMAN
BOB GOLDWIN
FROM:
BRENT SCOWCROFT Im
JIM CANNON
SUBJECT:
LEGISLATION CREATING THE OFFICE
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICY (OSTP)
The Teague-Mosher substitute for the President's bill
to create an Office of Science and Technology Policy is
moving ahead_in the Congress, probably headed toward
passage this year.
Tab A is a brief Domestic Council staff report on
the status of the legislation.
Tab B is the latest version of the Teague-Mosher
bill (HR 9058, revised).
Would you please let us know by C.O.B. Wednesday, September
24th whether you see any serious problems with the bill
that you believe warrant an attempt to obtain changes.
If we are to seek changes, we should do so as soon as
possible.
FORD LIBRARY & GERALD
TAB A
STATUS AND EVALUATION OF THE LEGISLATION TO CREATE AN
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY IN THE EXECUTIVE
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
Summary
A revised version of a bill (HR 9058) introduced in the House
by Congressmen Teague and Mosher on July 30, 1975, will be
marked up by the House Science and Technology Committee on
October 8, 1975. The bill is likely to be reported to and
passed by the full House shortly thereafter. The Senate
will then take up the House bill and is expected to act
quite quickly on it. The bill may be on the President's
desk before Christmas
The Teague-Mosher Bill (HR. 9058)
Teague and Mosher introduced the President's bill (which
was sent up on June 26) to create an Office of Science
and Technology Policy (OSTP), but shortly thereafter--July 30--
introduced a new bill (HR 9058) which the Committee will
consider instead of the President's bill.
After a series of staff level discussions, the House
Committee staff has revised the bill, obtained the
approval of Teague and Mosher, and is now reviewing it
with other members of the Committee, with the objective
of having most if not all problems ironed out before Oct. 8.
The latest available version of HR 9058 is attached.
H.R. 9058 has three principal titles:
Title I - declares a national policy on science and
technology.
Title II - creates an Office of Science and Technology
Policy as proposed by the President, with three
exceptions:
The Director would be subject to Senate confirmation.
The President would have the discretion of appointing
up to four assistant directors, to be compensated at
rates not to exceed Level III. (This provision is
designed to allow this President and his successors
to structure the Office as they prefer; e.g., a
Director and Deputy; a 3 or 5-man Council; etc. This
should head off the fight that was expected over
whether an office or council should be created.)
The functions of the Office are spelled out in more
detail.
2
Title III - establishes in the Executive Office of the
President--either as a part of the OSTP or in such
other manner as the President may direct -- a Federal
Science and Technology Survey Committee, with staff.
The Committee is to consist of from 5 to 12 members,
appointed by the President with 90 days after
confirmation of the OSTP Director.
The OSTP Director shall be chairman of the Committee.
Members may be from within or outside the Government.
The Committee is to survey and examine the overall
context of Federal science and technology effort,
including missions, goals, funding, organization, etc
and submit a report of its findings and conclusions
within 24 months.
The President shall transmit the report to the Congress
with comments and recommendations within 60 days thereafter
Evaluation
Overall: The bill submitted by the President would be
preferable, but the latest version (attached) is a good
compromise between the President's bill and other bills
that have been considered in the House.
Title I - The science and technology policy statement is
a modified version of one introduced earlier by Teague and
Mosher (HR 4461) The whole idea of legislating an S & T
policy is questionable, but the statement is rather
harmless. The Committee will insist on having a policy
statement.
Title II - The Congress will insist on confirmation for
the Director. The discretionary authority for up to four
assistant directors is a clever compromise. As now
written, the statement of OSTP functions should be acceptable
but there are pressures to make them more specific--particularly
with respect to the OSTP role in advising on scientific
and technical aspects of the Budget.
Title III - The bill would be better without the requirement
for a Survey Committee but the House Committee is unlikely
to go for its deletion. The Committee idea is being used
by Teague and Mosher to head off a wide variety of proposals
from other members of the Committee -- proposals which
range from making the OSTP functions broader to the creation
of a Department of Science and Technology and the creation
of a statutary interagency S&T committee.
TAB B
[COMMITTEE PRINT]
H.R. 9058 with suggested revisions September 16, 1975
Showing matter to be deleted in linetype and matter to be
inserted in italic
94TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 9058
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
JULY 30, 1975
Mr. TEAGUE (for himself and Mr. MOSHER) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on Science and Technology
[Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed in italic]
FORD LIBRARY is GERALD
A
BILL
To establish a science and technology policy for the United
States, to provide for scientific and technological advice
and assistance to the President, to provide a comprehensive
survey of ways and means for improving the Federal effort
in scientific research and information handling, and in the
use thereof, to amend the National Science Foundation Act
of 1950, and for other purposes.
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3 That this Act may be cited as the "National Science and
4 Technology Policy and Organization Act of 1975".
J.57-861-1
2
3
1
TITLE I-NATIONAL SCIENCE AND
1
dignity, and well-being by enlarging the contributions
2
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
2
of American scientists and engineers to the knowledge
3
FINDINGS
3
of man and his universe, by making discoveries of basic
4
SEC. 101. (a) The Congress, recognizing the profound
4
science widely available at home and abroad, and by
5 impact of science and technology on society, and the inter-
5
maximizing the dissemination of utilizing technology in
6 relations of scientific, technological, economic, social, polit-
6
support of United States national and foreign policy
7 ical, and institutional factors, hereby finds and declares—
7
goals;
8
(1) that the general welfare, the security, the eco-
8
(2) increasing the efficient use of essential ma-
9
nomic growth and stability of the Nation, the conserva-
9
terials and products, and generally contributing to eco-
10
tion and efficient utilization of its natural and human
10
nomic opportunity, stability, and appropriate growth;
11
resources, and the effective functioning of government
11
(3) assuring adequacy of food and energy for the
12
and society require vigorous, perceptive support and
12
Nation's needs;
13
employment of science and technology in achieving na-
13
(4) contributing to the national security;
14
tional objectives; and
14
(5) improving the Nation's health and medical
15
(2) that the many large and complex scientific
15
care; and
16
factors which increasingly influence the course of national
16
(6) preserving, fostering, and restoring a healthful
17
and international events require appropriate provision
17
and esthetic natural environment, and developing im-
18
to incorporate scientific and technological knowledge in
18
proved housing and urban and rural systems.
19
the national decisionmaking process.
19
DECLARATION OF POLICY
20
(b) As a consequence, the Congress finds and declares
20
Principles
21 that the Nation's goals for science and technology should
21
SEC. 102. (a) In view of the foregoing, the Congress
22 include contribute without being limited to the following
22 declares that the United States shall adhere to a national
23 National goals:
23 policy for science and technology which includes the follow-
24
(1) fostering world leadership in the quest for
24 ing principles:
25
international peace and progress toward human freedom,
25
(1) the continuing development and implemen-
4
5
1
tation of A national strategy strategies for determining
1
base for science and technology in the United States,
2
and achieving the appropriate scope, level, direction,
2
including: (A) strong participation of and cooperative
3
and extent of scientific and technological efforts based
3
relationships with State and local governments and the
4
upon a continuous appraisal of the role for science and
4
private sector, (B) the maintenance and strengthening
5
technology in achieving goals and formulating policies
5
of diversified scientific and technological capabilities in
6
of the United States, and reflecting the views of States,
6
government, industry, and the universities, and the
7
municipalities, and representative public groups;
7
encouragement of independent initiatives based on such
8
(2) the enlistment of science and technology to
8
capabilities together with elimination of needless bar-
9
foster a healthy economy in which the directions of
9
riers to scientific and technological innovation, (C)
10
growth and innovation are compatible with the prudent
10
effective management and dissemination of scientific and
11
and frugal use of resources and with the preservation
11
technological information, (D) establishment of es-
12
of a benign environment;
12
sential technical and industrial standards and test
13
(3) the conduct of science and technology opera-
13
methods, and (E) promotion of increased public under-
14
tions so as to serve domestic needs while concurrently
14
standing of science and technology; and
15
promoting foreign policy objectives, and, through the
15
(6) the recognition that, as changing circumstances
16
allocation of research and development resources, to
16
require periodic revision and adaptation of title I of this
17
maintain a proper ratio balance in the development and
17
Act, the Federal Government is responsible for identify-
18
export of technology between aid to lagging foreign econ-
18
ing and interpreting the changes in those circumstances
19
omies and attainment of an equitable balance in world
19
as they occur, and for effecting subsequent changes in
20
trade markets;
20
title I as appropriate.
21
(4) the recruitment, education, training, and re-
21
Implementation
22
training, and beneficial use of adequate numbers of scien-
22
(b) To implement the policy enunciated in subsection
23
tists, engineers, and technologists, and insuring their full
23
(a) of this section, the Congress declares that:
24
utilization; technologists;
24
(1) There should be a central policy planning ele-
25
(5) the development and maintenance of a solid
25
ment in the executive branch to guide executive agencies
6
7
1
in mobilizing resources for essential science and tech-
1
President so that the Chief Executive may have available
2
nology programs, to present to the Congress the justi-
2
independent, expert judgment and assistance on policy
3
fication of such programs, to aid in securing appropriate
3
matters which require accurate assessments of the com-
4
funding for those programs, and to review systematically
4
plex scientific and technological features involved.
5
Federal science policy and programs and to recom-
5
(2) It is a responsibility of the Federal Govern-
6
mend legislative amendment thereof when needed. A
6
ment to insure promote prompt, effective, reliable, and
7
major component of this structure should be an advisory
7
systematic transfer of science and technology informa-
8
mechanism within the Executive Office of the President
8
tion by such appropriate methods as: the funding of
9
so that the Chief Executive may have available inde-
9
technical evaluation centers, cost sharing of information
10
pendent, expert judgment and assistance on policy
10
dissemination programs conducted by such nongovern-
11
matters which require accurate assessments of the com-
11
mental organizations as industrial groups and technical
12
plex scientific and technological features involved.
12
societies, and or assistance in the publication of properly
13
(1) The Federal Government should maintain cen-
13
certified science scientific and technology technological
14
tral policy planning elements in the executive branch
.14
information. In particular, it is recognized as a respon-
15
which assist Federal agencies in (A) identifying public
15
sibility of the Federal Government not only to coordinate
16
problems and objectives, (B) mobilizing scientific and
16
and unify its own science and technology information
17
technological resources for essential national programs,
17
systems, but to facilitate the close coupling of institu-
18
(C) securing appropriate funding for programs so iden-
18
tional scientific research with commercial application
19
tified, (D) anticipating future concerns to which science
19
of the useful findings of science.
20
and technology can contribute and devising strategies for
20
(3) It is further an appropriate Federal function
21
the conduct of science and technology for such purposes,
21
to support science and technology efforts which are in-
22
(E) reviewing systematically Federal science policy and
22
tended expected to provide results beneficial to the pub-
23
programs and recommending legislative amendment
23
lic but which the private sector may be unwilling or
24
thereof when needed. Such elements should include an
24
unable to support.
25
advisory mechanism within the Executive Office of the
25
(4) Science and technology activities which may be
8
9
1
properly supported exclusively by the Federal Govern-
1
grams should be centrally reviewed to assure rational
2
ment should be distinguished from those in which inter-
2
allocation of funds and resources, to identify public prob-
3
ests are shared with State and local governments and
3
lems and objectives, to anticipate future concerns to
4
the private sector. Cooperative Among these entities, co-
4
which science and technology can contribute, and to
5
operative relationships should be established that which
5
devise strategies for the conduct of science and technol
6
encourage the sharing of science and technology de-
6
ogy for these purposes.
7
cisionmaking, funding support, and program planning
7
(7) (6) Comprehensive legislative support for the
8
and execution among all interested elements of society.
8
national science and technology effort requires that the
9
(5) Ways and means should be developed by which
9
Congress be regularly informed of the condition, health
10
the Federal Government can determine and establish the
10
and vitality, and funding requirements of science and
11
level of national effort in science and technology which
11
technology, the relation of science and technology to
12
should be sustained, taking into account competing pub-
12
changing national goals, and the need for legislative
13
lie needs and available resources.
13
modification of the Federal endeavor and structure at all
14
(5) Ways and means should be developed by which
14
levels as it relates to science and technology.
15
the Federal Government can assess and help assure that
15
Procedures
16
an adequate national effort is maintained in science and
16
(c) The Congress declares that, in order to expedite
17
technology, taking into account competing public needs,
17 and facilitate the implementation of the policy enunciated
18
available resources, and the contributions which science
18 in subsection (a) of this section, the following coordinate
19
and technology can make to national goals and objectives.
19 procedures are of paramount importance:
20
(6) Granting the need for a variety of approaches
20
(1) Federal procurement policy should encourage
21
within and among Federal, State, local, and nongov-
21
the use of science and technology to foster frugal use
22
ernmental activities in science and technology, it is
22
of materials, energy, and appropriated funds; to assure
23
essential that means be proportioned to ends in the
23
quality environment; and to enhance product perform-
24
conduct of science and technology programs supported
24
ance.
25
or conducted by the Federal Government. Such pro-
J. 57-861-2
10
11
1
(2) Explicit criteria, including cost-effectiveness
1
objective Federal patent policies should be developed
2
principles where feasible practicable, should be developed
2
which have as their objective the creation of incentives
3
to identify the kinds of science applied research and tech-
3
for technological innovation and the application of pro-
4
nology programs that are appropriate for Federal fund-
4
cedures to assure the full use of beneficial technology to
5
ing support and to determine the extent of such support.
5
serve the public.
6
Particular attention should be given to scientific and
6
(5) Antitrust regulation to compel competitive eco-
7
technological problems and opportunities offering promise
7
nomic pluralism should not arbitrarily preclude coopera-
8
of social advantage that are SO long range, geographically
8
tion among competing firms in industrial research and
9
widespread, or economically diffused that the Federal
9
development beneficial to an entire industry and to the
10
Government constitutes the last resort appropirate source
10
public.
11
for undertaking their support. However, such projects
11
(6) Closer relationships should be encouraged
12
should conform with established criteria.
12
among practitioners of different scientific and techno-
13
(3) Federal promotion of science and technology
13
logical disciplines, including the physical, social, and bio-
14
should maximize emphasize quality of research, recognize
14
medical fields.
15
the paramount importance of stability of in scientific and
15
(7) Federal departments, agencies, and instrumen-
16
technological institutions, and, for urgent tasks, must seek
16
talities should assure efficient management of laboratory
17
to assure timeliness of results. With particular reference
17
facilities and equipment in their custody, including acqui-
18
to Federal support for basic research, funds should be
18
sition of effective equipment, disposal of inferior and
19
allocated to encourage education in needed disciplines,
19
obsolete properties, and cross-servicing to maximize the
20
to provide a base of scientific knowledge from which
20
productivity of costly hardware. Disposal policies should
21
future essential technological development can be
21
include attention to possibilities for further productive
22
launched, and to add to the cultural heritage of the
22
use.
23
Nation.
23
(8) The full use of the contributions of science and
24
(4) A uniform patent policy should be promul-
24
technology to support State and local government goals
25
gated for all Federal agencies, having as its primary
25
should be encouraged.
12
13
1
(9) Formal recognition should be accorded those
1
with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall be
2
persons whose scientific and technological achievements
2
compensated at the rate provided for level II of the Execu-
3
have contributed significantly to the national welfare.
3 tive Schedule in section 5313 of title 5, United States Code.
4
(10) The Federal Government should support ap-
4 The President may, at his discretion, also appoint not more
5
plied scientific research in proportion to the probability
5 than four Assistant Directors, by and with the advice and
6
of its usefulness, insofar as this probability can be deter-
6 consent of the Senate, who shall be compensated at the a
7
mined; but while maximizing the beneficial consequences
7 rate not to exceed that provided for level III of the Execu-
8
of technology, the Government should act to minimize
8 tive Schedule in section 5314 of such title. Assistant Directors
9
foreseeable injurious consequences.
9 shall perform such functions as the Director may from time
10
(11) Federal departments, agencies, and instru-
10 to time prescribe.
11
mentalities should establish procedures to insure among
11
FUNCTIONS
12
them the systematic interchange of scientific data and
12
SEC. 204. (a) The Director shall be the President's
13
technological findings developed under their programs.
13 chief policy adviser and assistant with respect to scientific
14
TITLE II-OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND
14 and technological matters.
15
TECHNOLOGY POLICY
15
(b) In addition to such other functions and activities as
16
SHORT TITLE
16 the President may assign, the Director shall-
17
SEC. 201. This title may be cited as the "Presidential
17
(1) advise the President of scientific and technologi-
18 Science and Technology Advisory Organization Act of
18
cal considerations involved in areas of national concern
19 1975".
19
including, but not limited to, the economy, national secu-
20
ESTABLISHMENT
20
rity, health, foreign relations, the environment, and the
21
SEC. 202. There is hereby established in the Executive
21
technological recovery and use of resources;
22 Office of the President the Office of Science and Technology
22
(2) evaluate the scale, quality, and effectiveness of
23 Policy, hereinafter referred to in this title as the "Office".
23
the Federal effort in science and technology and advisé
24
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR; ASSISTANT DIRECTORS
24
on appropriate actions;
25
SEC. 203. There shall be at the head öf the Office a
25
(3) advise the President on scientific and techno-
26 Director who shall be appointed by the President, by and
14
15
1
logical considerations with regard to Federal budgets,
1
capability at all levels of government, academia, and
2
provide assist the Office of Management and Budget with
2
industry, and for the application of such capabilities to
3
an annual review and analysis of the funding proposed
3
national needs;
4
for research and development in budgets of all Federal
4
(7) in accordance with Presidential directives, fa-
5
agencies, and participate aid the Office of Management
5
cilitate assess and advise on policies for international
6
and Budget and the agencies throughout the budget de-
6
cooperation in science and technology which will advance
7
velopment process;
7
the national and international objectives of the United
8
(4) assist the President in providing general leader-
8
States;
9
ship and coordination of the research and development
9
(8) identify and assess emerging and future areas
10
programs of the Federal Government;
10
where science and technology can be used effectively in
11
(5) provide the President and the Congress with
11
addressing national and international problems;
12
annual periodic reviews of Federal statutes and admin-
12
(9) submit to the President and the Congress timely
13
istrative regulations governing the research and develop-
13
public reports on developments, trends, and problems in
14
ment activities of the various departments and agencies,
14
science and technology deserving of national attention;
15
including those affecting government-industry activities,
15
(10) periodically review the nature and needs of
16
together with any recommendations for their elimination,
16
national science policy and make recommendations to
17
reform, or updating as appropriate;
17
the President and to the Congress for its timely and
18
(6) develop, review, and revise criteria for deter-
18
appropriate revision, in accordance with section 102 (a)
19
mining optimum Federal support for science and tech-
19
(6) of title I of this Act; and
20
nology, and recommended policies, programs, and plans
20
(11) maintain liaison with the Federal Council for
21
for develop, review, revise, and recommend criteria for
21
Science and Technology, the National Science Board,
22
determining the type of scientific and technological activ-
22
and with all councils and offices of the Executive Office
23
ities warranting Federal support, and recommend Fed-
23
of the President, and develop appropriate working rela-
24
eral policies directed toward the development and mainte-
24
tionships with the National Security Council and the
25
25
Domestic Council.
nance of a broadly based scientific and technological
16
17
1
PERSONNEL
1 Federal agencies with or without reimbursement, and may
2
SEC. 205. The Director is authorized, without regard
2 transfer funds made available pursuant to this Act to other
3 to the provisions of title 5 of the United States Code govern-
3 Federal agencies as reimbursement for the utilization of such
4 ing appointments in the competitive service and chapter 51
4 services, personnel, equipment, and facilities.
5 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of said title, to appoint and
5
REORGANIZATIONS
6 fix the compensation, but not in excess of the rate prescribed
6
SEC. 208. (a) The President shall from time to time
7 for grade GS-18 of the General Schedule in section 5332 of
7 examine the organization of the Office and shall deter-
8 said title, for such officers and employees as he may deem
8 mine what charges, if any, are necessary to reduce expendi-
9 necessary to perform the functions now or hereafter vested
9 tures and promote economy and efficiency, and to increase
10 in him, and to prescribe their duties.
10 the Office's and the Director's capacity to render their
11
CONSULTANT AND OTHER SERVICES
11 analyses, examinations, advice, and counsel, by reduction or
12
SEC. 206. The Director may (1) obtain services as
12 increase in the number of members of such Office or by
13 authorized by section 3109 of title 5 of the United States
13 reduction, expansion, or alteration of the duties and functions
14 Code, at rates not to exceed the rate prescribed for grade
14 of the Office or of its Director. When the President, after
15 GS-18 of the General Schedule by section 5332 of title 5 of
15 investigation, finds that any of such changes would promote
16 the United States Code, and (2) enter into contracts and
16 the policies and purposes of this Act, he may prepare a
17 other arrangements for studies, analyses, and other services
17 reorganization plan for effecting the change or changes in-
18 with public agencies and with private persons, organizations,
18 volved, and submit such plan to the Congress, together with
19 or institutions, and make such payments as he deems neces-
19 his findings and a statement of reasons for the proposed
20 sary to carry out the provisions of this Act without legal
20 change or changes, and shall have any such reorganization
21 consideration, without performance bonds, and without regard
21 plan delivered to both Houses on the same day and to each
22 to section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5).
22 House while it is in session.
23
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
23
(b) A provision contained in a reorganization plan shall
24
SEC. 207. The Director may utilize with their consent
24 take effect at the end of the first period of sixty calendar days
25 the services, personnel, equipment, and facilities of other
25 of continuous session of Congress after such plan is trans-
18
19
1 mitted to it (such days of continuous session to be computed
1 members appointed by the President not more than 90 days
2 in accordance with section 906 (b) of title 5, United States
2 after the confirmation (as provided in section 203 of this
3 Code) unless, between the date of transmittal and the end
3 Act) of the Director of the Office of Science and Technology
4 of the sixty-day period, each House has passed a resolution
4 Policy. The President shall designate one of such members
5 stating in substance that that House does not favor the
5 to The Director of such Office shall serve as Chairman.
6 reorganization plan. However, no such plan shall take effect
6
(2) Each of the members Members of the Committee
7 unless it is submitted to Congress before January 3, 1980.
7 appointed by the President pursuant to paragraph (1) shall
8
(c) The provisions of sections 908 through 913 of title
8 (A) be exceptionally qualified and distinguished in science,
9 5, United States Code, shall apply with respect to any
9 engineering, or closely related fields, or in public administra-
10 reorganization plan transmitted to the Congress pursuant to
10 tion or affairs, and shall be capable of rendering accurate and
11 subsection (a) of this section.
11 comprehensive analysis and critical examination of the pro-
12
(d) A reorganization plan which is effective shall be
12 grams and activities of the Government in the light of the
13 printed (1) in the Statutes at Large in the same volume as
13 findings and policies set forth in title I of this Act, and (B)
14 the public laws, and (2) in the Federal Register.
14 include representatives of the public, of the industrial sector,
15 TITLE III-THE FEDERAL SCIENCE AND TECH-
15 and of the academic community.
16
NOLOGY SURVEY COMMITTEE
16
(3) Members of the Committee who are not officers of
17
ORGANIZATION
17 the Federal Government shall, while attending meetings
18
SEC. 301. (a) (1) There is hereby established within
18 of the Committee or while engaged in duties related to such
19 the Executive Office of the President, and in association with
19 meetings or in other activities of the Committee pursuant
20 as part of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, or
20 to this Act, be entitled to receive the daily equivalent of the
21 in such other manner as the President may direct, a Federal
21 annual rate of basic pay in effect for GS-18 of the General
22 Science and Technology Survey Committee (hereinafter in
22 Schedule for each day, including traveltime, during which
23 this title referred to as the "Committee"). The Committee
23 they are SO attending or engaged, and shall, while away
24 shall consist of not less than five nor more than twelve
24 from their homes or regular places of business, be allowed
20
21
1 travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence,
1 Air Force) is authorized (1) to furnish to the Committee
2 equal to that authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5703) for per-
2
such information as may be necessary for carrying out its
3 sons in the Government service employed intermittently.
3 functions and as may be available to or procurable by such
4
(b) The Committee shall, with the approval of the
4' department, agency, or instrumentality, and (2) to detail
5 President, appoint an Executive Director who shall serve as
5 to temporary duty with the Committee on a reimburs-
6 chief executive officer, and who shall be paid at the rate
6 able basis such personnel within his administrative juris-
7 provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule in section
7 diction as it may need or believe to be useful for carrying
8 5315 of title 5, United States Code.
8 out its functions. Each such detail shall be without loss of
9
(e) (b) In the performance of its duties and functions
9 seniority, pay, or other employee status, to civilian em-
10 under section 302, the Committee is authorized, through
10 ployees so detailed, and without loss of status, rank, office,
11 the Executive Director or otherwise authorized
11 or grade, or of any emolument, perquisite, right, privilege,
12
(1) to select, appoint, employ, and fix the com-
12 or benefit incident thereto, to military personnel SO de-
13
pensation of such specialists and other experts as may be
13 tailed. Each such detail shall be pursuant to a cooperative
14
necessary for the carrying out of its duties and functions,
14 agreement of the Chairman with the head of the relevant
15
and to select, appoint, and employ, subject to the civil
15 department, agency, or instrumentality, and shall be in ac-
16
service laws, such other officers and employees as may
16 cordance with the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 33,
17
be necessary for carrying out its duties and functions;
17 title 5, United States Code.
18
and
18
DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS
19
(2) to provide for participation of such civilian and
19
SEC. 302. (a) The Committee shall survey, examine,
20
military personnel as may be detailed to the Committee
20 and analyze the total overall context of the Federal science
21
pursuant to subsection (d) (c) of this section for carry-
21 and technology effort including missions, goals, personnel,
22
ing out the functions of the Committee.
22 funding, organization, facilities, and activities in general. In
23
(d) (c) Upon request of the Committee, the head of
23 pursuit of this duty the Committee shall give particular at
24 any Federal department, agency, or instrumentality (includ-
24 tention to, among other things, consider needs for-
25 ing the head of the Department of the Army, Navy, or
25
(1) organizational reform;
22
23
1
(2) improvements in existing systems for handling
1
such supporting data and material as may be necessary, to
2
scientific and technological information on a government-
2
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
3
wide basis;
3
President.
4
(3) technology assessment in the executive branch;
4
(2) The Director of such Office shall review the report
5
(4) improved methods for effecting technology
5
of the Committee and, within sixty days of receipt thereof,
6
innovation, transfer, and use;
6
transmit such report to the President and The President,
7
(5) stimulating more effective Federal-State and
7
within sixty days of receipt thereof, shall transmit such report
8
Federal-industry liaison and cooperation in science and
8 to each House of Congress together with such comments,
9
technology;
9
observations, and recommendations thereon as he deems
10
(6) reduction and simplification of Federal regu-
10
appropriate.
11
lations and administrative practices and procedures
11
TERMINATION; FINAL REPORT
12
which may have the effect of retarding technological
12
SEC. 303. The life of the Committee shall be fifteen 24
13
innovation or opportunities for its utilization;
13 months from the date of its first organizational meeting. The
14
(7) a broader base for support of basic research;
14 Committee's final report setting forth its findings and recom-
15
(8) ways and means of effectively integrating
15
mendations shall be issued within this period.
16
scientific and technological factors into our national and
16
TITLE IV-MISCELLANEOUS
17
international policies;
17
AUTHORIZATION
18
(9) maintenance of adequate scientific and techno-
18
SEC. 401. There are authorized to be appropriated such
19
logical manpower with regard to both quality and quan-
19 sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this
20
tity; and
20 Act.
21
(10) improved systems for planning and analysis
21
REPORT
22
of the overall Federal science and technology budget.
22
SEC. 402. Sections 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Reorganization
23
(b) (1) Upon completion of its assignment, the Com-
23 Plan Numbered 2 of 1962 (76 Stat. 1253) and section 2 of
24 mittee shall submit a report of its activities, findings, and
24 Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 of 1973 (87 Stat. 1089)
25 conclusions, and recommendations, together with including
25 are repealed.
[COMMITTEE PRINT]
H.R. 9058 with suggested revisions
September 16, 1975
94TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 9058
24
AMENDMENT
SEC. 403. Section 4 of the National Science Foundation
3 Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1863) is amended by striking out
4 subsection (g) and by redesignating subsections (h), (i),
5 and (j) as subsections (g), (h), and (i) respectively.
A BILL
To establish a science and technology policy for
the United States, to provide for scientific
and technological advice and assistance to
the President, to provide a comprehensive
survey of ways and means for improving the
Federal effort in scientific research and in-
formation handling, and in the use thereof,
to amend the National Science Foundation
Act of 1950, and for other purposes.
By Mr. TEAGUE and Mr. MOSHER
JULY 30, 1975
Referred to the Committee on Science and Technology
1
2
Suly
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 3, 1975
MEMORANDUM FOR:
DOUG BENNETT
PHIL BUCHEN
MAX FRIEDERSDORF
ALAN GREENSPAN
ROBERT T. HARTMANN
JIM LYNN
JACK MARSH
RON NESSEN
BLEATE FORD LIBRARY
BILL SEIDMAN
BRENT SCOWCROFT
PAUL THEIS
FROM:
JIM CANNON Jun
SUBJECT:
ESTABLISHMENT OF TWO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ADVISORY GROUPS
As indicated in the attached draft memorandum, the President
has approved the Vice President's proposal to establish two
new advisory groups to begin identifying issues in two areas
in which the new Office of Science and Technology Policy should
play a major role.
Arrangements for funding and staff support for the two groups
have been worked out with Dr. Stever. Members of the groups
will be appointed as consultants to Dr. Stever. In order to
provide a measure of status, prestige and presidential interest,
we are planning (a) Presidential letters to the Chairman and
each member of the group, and (b) Announcement of groups
through a White House Fact Sheet.
Necessary arrangements for compliance with the Advisory
Committee Act have been worked out among staffs of the NSF,
OMB, Domestic Council and Vice President's Office.
May we have by COB November 4 your comments and concurrence on
the enclosed draft (a) memo to the President, (b) fact sheet,
and (c) Presidential letter to the Chairman of each group and
(d) Presidential letter to members of the two groups.
Thanks for your help.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 3, 1975
DRAFT
SIGNATURE
MEMORANDUM FOR:
THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
JIM CANNON
SUBJECT:
LETTERS TO MEMBERS OF THE TWO NEW
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GROUPS
On September 16, 1975, you approved the Vice President's
proposal to establish two new advisory groups to identify
issues in which the proposed new Office of Science and
Technology Policy should play a major role: (a) contributions
of Technology to Economic strength, and (b) Anticipated
Advances in Science and Technology.
Drs. Simon Ramo and William O. Baker have agreed to serve
as Chairmen of the groups as you requested. Other members
are listed at Tab A.
Arrangements have been worked out with Dr. H. Guyford Stever,
in his role as Science Adviser and Director of the National
Science Foundation, to provide funding and staff support.
The formal appointments will be made by Dr. Stever.
To provide a measure of prestige for the groups, we are
proposing that you send the two Chairmen and each member
of their group a letter expressing appreciation for their
willingness to serve.
Creation of the groups will be announced through release
of a fact sheet (Tab B) if you approve the letters.
In addition to the Vice President, this matter has been
reviewed by Messrs. Buchen, Greenspan, Friedersdorf, Hartmann,
Lynn, Marsh, Seidman, and Scowcroft.
RECOMMENDATION
That you sign the letters to the members of the two groups.
The letters have been approved by Paul Theis.
DRAFT
11/3/75
THE WHITE HOUSE
FACT SHEET
ESTABLISHMENT OF ADVISORY GROUPS ON CONTRIBUTIONS OF
TECHNOLOGY TO ECONOMIC STRENGTH AND ANTICIPATED
ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The establishment of two new advisory groups concerned with
science and technology is being announced today. One group
will be concerned with contributions of technology to economic
strength; the other with anticipated advances in science and
technology.
Background
On June 9, 1975, the President sent legislation to the
Congress proposing the establishment of an Office of
Science and Technology (OSTP) in the Executive Office
of the President.
The House of Representatives is expected to complete action
on November 6 on the legislation (H.R. 10230) to create the
OSTP. Three Senate Committees are now working on similar
legislation and, hopefully, will complete action soon.
To facilitate planning for the activities of the OSTP,
the President directed the Vice President, working with
Science Adviser, H. Guyford Stever, to bring together
two groups of experts on two major areas that will be
important to the new Office in providing advice on
scientific and technical aspects of issues and policies
that must be addressed at the highest level of the
Government.
The Two New Advisory Groups
Both groups will be made up of experts from the academic
community, industry, government and other organizations who
can provide advice on the wise use of science and technology
in achieving important national objectives.
Contribution of Technology to Economic Strength. This group
will examine issues and opportunities involving the improved
utilization of technology in fostering economic strength
and in assuring that economic goals are achieved along with
environmental goals. Examples of issues that are expected
to be discussed are:
- productivity improvements through new, developing
technological systems.
- environmental and safety aspects of technological
developments.
- the role of government in fostering U.S. technological
development.
- the international economic impact of technological
transfer among nations.
This advisory group will be chaired by Dr. Simon Ramo,
Vice Chairman of the Board, TRW, Inc.
Other members include: (List alphabetically)
Anticipated Advances in Science and Technology. This group
will consider developments that may take place in science
and engineering in the decade ahead and examine the national
policy implications of these developments. Examples include:
- new communication technology.
- disaster prediction and control technology.
- waste supply technology.
- technological aids for improved or more economical health
care.
This advisory group will be chaired by Dr. William O. Baker,
President, Bell Laboratories.
Other members include: (List alphabetically)
In accordance with the Advisory Committee Act (P.L. 92-463),
charters for the two groups have been filed with the Office
of Management and Budget and Library of Congress, and notices
of meetings will be published in the Federal Register.
THE WHITE HOUSE
DRAFT
WASHINGTON
11/3/75
DRAFT LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT TO DRS. RAMO AND BAKER
Dear Dr. Ramo: (Dr. Baker)
I was especially delighted to learn from the Vice President
that you have agreed to serve as Chairman of the Advisory
Group on Technology and Economic Growth* that is now being
established. This group, together with the Advisory Groups
on Anticipated Advances in Science and Technology*, will,
I. believe, be able to identify critical policy issues in
which the proposed new Office of Science and Technology
Policy should play a major role. The work you do will
permit the new office to proceed quickly and effectively
in carrying out its responsibility for providing advice
on the scientific and technical aspects of issues and
problems that require attention at the highest levels of
Government.
We are very fortunate in having someone of your knowledge
and experience willing to lead an advisory group and I
greatly appreciate your willingness to serve. I am confident
that your group will come forward with important recommen-
dations and I look forward to meeting with your group in
the near future.
Sincerely,
*Names of the two groups will be reversed in letters to
Dr. Baker as Chairman of the Group on Anticipated Advances
THE WHITE HOUSE
DRAFT
WASHINGTON
11/3/75
DRAFT LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT TO MEMBERS OF THE TWO GROUPS
Dear
:
I was delighted to learn from the Vice President that you are
willing to serve on the Advisory Group on Contributions of
Technology to Economic Strength that is now being established.
This group, together with the Advisory Group on Anticipated
Advances in Science and Technology*, will, I believe, be able
to identify critical policy issues in which the proposed new
Office of Science and Technology Policy should play a major
role.
The work you do will permit the new Office to proceed quickly
and effectively in carrying out its responsibility for pro-
viding advice on the scientific and technical aspects of
FORD
issues and problems that require attention at the highest
levels of Government.
I greatly appreciate your willingness to serve. I am confident
that the group will come forward with important recommendations
and I look forward to meeting with you in the near future.
Sincerely,
*
Names of the two groups will be reversed in letters to members
of the Group on Anticipated Advances
File
December 9, 1975
BRIEF SUMMARY OF COMMENTS ON THE MOTTUR BILL 13.32, December 5, 1975)
Briefly, the undesirable and unacceptable features of the Mottur
Bill are as follows:
It puts the Director of OSTP in the position of determining
funding levels and priorities for S&T programs and recommending
these to the President and the Congress. If the President
doesn't accept recommendations he must explain why.
The Director of OSTP would be an evaluator and coordinator
of Federal agencies S&T activities -- much more so than an
adviser to the President.
Science and Technology are treated as ends in themselves
rather than means which, along with others, are to achieve
agency and national goals and objectives.
Creates by law a new President's advisory committee on
technology and science with 8 to 14 members, subject to
Senate confirmation.
Creates by law an interagency S&T coordinating committee
replacing the existing executive order committee.
Creates a new program in NSF for continuing education for
scientists and engineers -- a concept first advanced in 1971
when the cutback in space and defense research then resulted
in substantial unemployment of engineers.
Creates a new categorical grant program providing up to
$200,000 to each state to appoint science advisers.
Creates a new 20-member intergovernmental committee on science
and technology.
Requires an extremely broad annual report on science and
technology from the President.
Makes the OSTP Director a member of the NSC and Domestic
Council.
Various other problems with wording and structure.
TAB A - Summary of the Principal Features of the Bill.
TAB B - Summary, but with more details, of Principal Problems
With the Bill.
TAB A
December 9, 1975
PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF THE MOTTUR BILL (S.32 - December 5, 1975)
Title I - National Science and Technology Policy
contains sections on findings; declaration of policies
and priorities; declaration of purpose of the bill
(which is to promote application of science and tech-
nology by creating the series of permanent statutory
organizations described in subsequent titles.
Title II - Office of Science and Technology Policy
Headed by Director (Level II) and up to four Associate
Directors (Level III).
Office:
- appraises progress in science and technology, takes
into account state of the economy (based on consulta-
tions with CEA), determines the desired level of Federal
investment among S&T programs for the ensuing fiscal
year and makes projections for 5 years. Makes
recommendations on funding to the President and the
Congress.
- annually assesses alternative uses of Federal funds for
science and technology and determines priorities for
allocating federal funds among major expenditure areas.
- serves as source of scientific and technological analysis
and judgment for the President; includes defining
approach for applying S&T and coordinating respon-
sibilities and programs of agencies.
Director:
- serves as chairman of a statutorily established
interagency coordinating group, and member of Domestic
Council, NSC, a new President's advisory committee, and
a new intergovernmental advisory panel.
- appoints staff.
- coordinates with others in the Executive Office of
the President.
- holds hearings in various parts of the country on
science and technology.
The President submits a broad annual report covering
(a) recent developments in all major fields of science
and technology, (b) effects of trends in S&T, (c) review
and appraisal of selected S&T-related programs, policies
and activities of the Federal Government, (d) inventory
and projection of critical and emerging national problems
- 2 -
that can be assisted by S&T; (e) identification and
assessment of S&T measures that can contribute to resolution
of problems; (f) existing and projected S&T resources,
including manpower; (g) recommended legislation, and
(h) recommended Federal funding level and priorities.
If the President recommends funding levels different from
those of a OSTP Director, the President must include the
Director's recommendations in the annual report and
explain why he didn't accept them.
Title III - President's Advisory Committee on Technology and
Science (PACTS).
Creates a committee in the Executive Office of the President
consisting of the Director of OSTP and 8 to 14 additional
members appointed by the President and confirmed by the
Senate. Committee submits a report after 1 year and the
President must then make a determination whether he deems
it advantageous to continue the committee.
Functions include:
- Assessment of important national and international issues
at the direction of the President or at its own initiative.
- As first assignment, conduct broad survey of the overall
context of Federal S&T effort, considering the need for
change in organization, etc.
Title IV - Federal Coordinating Group for Science and Technology
Consists of OSTP Director and one representative from each
of 14 named agencies which have major S&T efforts.
Abolishes the existing Federal Council for Science and
Technology (FCST) which was established by Executive Order.
Title V - National Science Foundation
Makes selected changes in responsibilities of NSF and
responsibilities of and criteria for membership on the
National Science Board.
Creates in NSF a new grant program for "Continuing Education
in Science and Engineering".
Title VI - State and Regional Science and Technology Programs
Establishes in the NSF a new Intergovernmental Science
and Technology Advisory Panel, consisting of 20 members
(2 from each standard region) appointed by the President
and confirmed by the Senate (plus the Directors of OSTP
and NSF). Three year terms with 1/3 expiring each year.
Creates a new categorical grant program to pay up to $200,000
in any one year to pay part of the costs of establishing in
each state an Office of State Science and Technology.
Title VII - General Provisions
Contains definitions, authorization for appropriations.
TAB B
December 9, 1975
PRINCIPAL PROBLEMS WITH THE MOTTUR BILL (S.32, December 5, 1975 )
Delay
Bill can lead to substantial delays in getting agreement within
the Senate, with the House and eventually with the Administra-
tion on an acceptable bill.
Fundamental Problems with the Bill
1. It runs counter to two principles with respect to White
House advice on science and technology that have emerged
clearly over the past two years:
- the arrangement for scientific and technical advice in
the White House must be one with which the President
is comfortable.
- the function of advocate for funding for science and
technology should be left to heads of operating agencies.
2. The OSTP created by the Mottur bill would be in an adversary
relationship with the President, the operating agencies, and
other elements of the White House and Executive Office of
the President. Specifically:
It places the OSTP above the President by requiring that:
- OSTP determine level of funding desirable for science
and technology and priorities among scientific and
technical program and make recommendations to the
President and the Congress (Secs. 204-205)
- The President accept these recommendations or explain
to the Congress why he hasn't (Sec. 209 (c) )
It requires the OSTP Director to appraise and coordinate
operating agencies scientific and technical programs --
even though such programs are a part of the missions and
resources for achieving agencies' overall missions.
It apparently seeks to remove the function of advising on
funding for science and technology from the Office of
Management and Budget, thus;
- placing heads of agencies in the position of justifying
one part of their budget to OSTP and the remainder to
the President through OMB.
- placing the President in the position of looking to
two principal sources of advice in the Executive Office
for budget recommendations.
-2-
3.
Instead of recognizing that scientific and technical
programs are carried on by Federal agencies as part of
overall efforts to accomplish a wide variety of missions
and national objectives, the bill seeks to treat science
and technology as ends in themselves. Specifically:
It calls for centralized Executive Order appraisal
and coordination of the scientific and technical aspects
of agencies' programs.
It provides separate arrangements and channels for
justifying and determining funding levels and priorities.
It requires 5-year projections of desirable funding
levels and priorities for science and technology.
4.
The bill requires a broad, annual report on virtually
all aspects of science and technology -- rather than
periodic reports on timely subjects -- when preparation
of such a report:
Would take up a large share of the OSTP staff time
that should be devoted to advice on scientific and
technical aspects of issues and problems requiring
the President's attention.
Presents a virtually impossible task because science
and technology are means to achieve objectives in
such areas as transportation, health, defense, etc.
and cannot be separated out meaningfully from dis-
cussions of other aspects of total efforts to achieve
those objectives.
5. The bill authorizes a statutory President's Advisory
Committee on Science and Technology (PACTS) -- rather than
more flexible ad hoc advisory groups to deal with particular
problems -- as contemplated in the President's bill --
or the two-year Survey Committee provided in the House bill.
6. The bill would, unnecessarily, create by statute an in-
teragency coordinating group for science and technology
which is indistinguishable from the existing Federal Council
for Science and Technology (FCST), created by an
Executive Order. There is no clear reason to take from
the President the flexibility to change the organization,
purpose, and membership of such a committee.
7. The bill calls for a new NSF program of continuing education
in science and technology -- a concept advanced several
years ago when there was significant unemployment of
engineers. This approach has not been satisfactorily
justified as to its need or effectiveness or evaluated as
to its benefits and costs.
-3-
8.
The bill would create an unnecessary and duplicative new
categorical grant program to provide science advisers in
every state and a statutory intergovernmental committee
on science and technology.
NSF already has a major program for assisting state
and local governments in making use of science and
technology.
Arrangements for science advisers to Governors have
been tried under that program and have not proven out
well. NSF is experimenting with other approaches.
9.
The addition of the Adviser on science and technology to
the NSC by statute is unnecessary and would set an un-
desirable precedent. Without changing current statutory
membership, the President's adviser on science and
technology would be included in the deliberations and
activities of the NSC and Domestic Council when issues
and problems being addressed involve important S&T considera-
tions. This is also true of other deliberations and
activities and other advisers.
10. There are a number of other problems with the wording
and structure that require correction.