Ask the Scholar

Document scope · 1 page
doc
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory. For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.

Scholar Source Context

Document identity
localId
1669681
label
1976/10/18 S3621 Amendment to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949
core
doc
dtoType
document
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
1669681
contentType
document
title
1976/10/18 S3621 Amendment to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949
collections
White House Records Office: Legislation Case Files
Legislation Case Files
subjects
Germany (East)
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States. 7/1/1954-1980
Legislation
War claims
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
1669681
coverageEndDate
logicalDate
1976-10-31
month
10
year
1976
coverageStartDate
logicalDate
1976-10-01
month
10
year
1976
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
afd9cac2f381a3e2
ocrText
The original documents are located in Box 65, folder "10/18/76 S3621 Amendment to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949" of the White House Records Office: Legislation Case Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Exact duplicates within this folder were not digitized. Digitized from Box 65 of the White House Records Office Legislation Case Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library APPROVED OCT 18 &10/18/76 THE WHITE HOUSE ACTION WASHINGTON October 17, 1976 Last Day: October 19 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT FROM: JIM CANNON SUBJECT: S. 3621 - Amendment to the International 10/19/26 Claims Settlement Act of 1949 Attached for your consideration is S. 3621, sponsored by Senator Sparkman. 10/19/16 Upon the establishment of diplomatic relations between the U.S. and the German Democratic Republic in 1974, it was agreed that the two governments would enter into negotiations for the settlement of U.S. property claims. The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission estimates that approximately 6,000 Americans have been waiting 30 years for compensation for property losses in East Germany. The enrolled bill would authorize the Commission to determine the validity and amount of claims against the German Democratic Republic which derive from the expropriation, nationalization or other taking of, or special measure directed against, property owned by nationals of the United States. The bill would allow the Commission four years to complete its work. With one exception the enrolled bill is substantially the same as a draft bill that the State Department submitted to Congress earlier this year. That exception, an amendment by Senator Hruska, would direct the Commission to reconsider certain awards from previous claims programs. The Commission has stated that this amendment could be implemented within the Commission's present resources. A detailed explanation of the provisions of the enrolled bill is provided in OMB's enrolled bill report at Tab A. OMB, Max Friedersdorf, Counsel's Office (Lazarus), NSC and I recommend approval of the enrolled bill. RECOMMENDATION That you sign S. 3621 at Tab B. OF THE PRESIDENT EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE UNITED OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PRODUCTIVE AND STATES WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503 OCT 11 1976 MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT Subject: Enrolled Bill S. 3621 - Amendment to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 Sponsor - Sen. Sparkman (D) Alabama Last Day for Action October 19, 1976 - Tuesday Purpose Authorizes the determination of claims of United States nationals against the German Democratic Republic. Agency Recommendations Office of Management and Budget Approval Department of State Approval Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Approval National Security Council Approval(Informally) Department of the Treasury Approval Department of Justice Defers to State and the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Discussion Upon the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the German Demo- cratic Republic in 1974, it was agreed that the two governments would enter into negotiations for the settlement of U.S. property claims. The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (the Commission) estimates that approximately 6,000 Americans have been waiting 30 years for com- pensation for property losses in East Germany. 2 S. 3621 would authorize the Commission to determine the validity and amount of claims against the German Democratic Republic which derive from the expropriation, nationalization, or other taking of, or special measures directed against, property owned by nationals of the United States. This determination would be used by the Department of State in negotiating a lump-sum settlement agreement with the Government of the German Democratic Republic. The proceeds from such a settlement would be deposited in a special claim fund in the Treasury. The Treasury would make payments from the fund in accordwith awards made by the Commission. Payment would be made in full for all Commission awards of amounts up to $1,000, and payments would be made in proportion to the remaining balance in the claim fund for all amounts in excess of $1,000. The enrolled bill would allow the Commission four years to complete its work in validating claims and determining amounts of awards. Although S. 3621 would not authorize the appropriation of any public funds for payment of Commission awards, it would authorize appropriations for administrative expenses for Treasury and the Commission in carrying out their functions with respect to these claims. The bill would also direct the Secretary of the Treasury to transfer to the miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury 5 percent of any revenues paid into the special claim fund to offset administrative expenses. With one exception. S. 3621 is substantially the same as a draft bill that the State Department submitted to Congress earlier this year. That exception, an amendment by Senator Hruska, would direct the Commission to reconsider certain awards from previous claims programs. The Commission has stated that this amendment could be implemented within the Commission's present resources. In its enrolled bill letter, the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission strongly recommends your approval of H.R. 3621. The Commission does note, however, that funds authorized by H.R. 3621 for administrative expenses related to pread- judication of these claims against East Germany are not included in its FY 1977 appropriation. The Commission has requested a 1977 supplemental and an increased 1978 appropriation to cover these expenses, if you approve this bill. Finally, the Commission's letter states: 3 "The Commission considers it to be important that this claims program be inaugurated at an early date so that the Department of State may commence some meaningful negotiations with the German Demo- cratic Republic. The preadjudication process will substantially shorten the period of time within which payments may be made to these American citizens who have waited for about 30 years for the receipt of compensation for their property losses." Jo T. Lynn Director Enclosures THE WHITE HOUSE ACTION MEMORANDUM WASHINGTON LOG NO.: 19 October 11 Date: Time: 1000pm FOR ACTION: NSC/S CC (for information): Jack Marsh Max Friedersdorf Ed Schmults Bobbie Kilbergo Steve McOonahey defa FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY DUE: Date: October 13 Time: 500pm SUBJECT: S.3621-Amendment to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 ACTION REQUESTED: For Necessary Action For Your Recommendations Prepare Agenda and Brief Draft Reply X For Your Comments Draft Remarks REMARKS: please return to judy johnstongground floor west wing PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED. If you have any questions or if you anticipate a delay in submitting the required material, please K.R. COLE, JR. telephone the Staff Secretary immediately. For the President DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington, D.C. 20520 OCT 6 1976 Dear Mr. Lynn: This is in reply to Mr. Frey's Enrolled Bill Request of October 4, 1976, inviting the recommenda- tions of the Department of State on enrolled bill S. 3621 (H.R. 14642). The legislation was an Execu- tive Proposal, and the Congress has adopted it without substantive change. Representatives of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission and the Depart- ment of State spoke in support of this legislation, which had been initially drafted by the two agencies, when the legislation was before the Senate and House committees. The legislation would add a new Title VI to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, authoriz- ing the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission to receive and adjudicate claims of United States nationals arising out of the nationalization, expropriation or other taking, or special measures directed against their property by the German Democratic Republic. These provisions correspond closely to those of Titles IV and V of the Act, relating to the Czecho- slovakian and the Cuban and Chinese claims programs. The legislation does not provide that the awards of the Commission respecting claims against the German Democratic Republic would be compensated out of public funds. The awards would, however, be used in our negotiations with the German Democratic Republic as a determination of the validity and amount of United States claims. The Honorable James T. Lynn, Director, Office of Management and Budget. 2 The Department of State favors this legislation and strongly recommends that the President sign the bill into law. I should add that Ambassador Cooper, who has been actively involved in this matter, firmly believes this legislation should be approved. Sincerely, Kemplan & Kempton B Junta Jenkins Acting Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION OF THE UNITED STATES WASHINGTON, D.C. 20579 OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN October 6, 1976 Honorable James T. Lynn Director Office of Management and Budget Executive Office of the President Washington, DC 20503 Attention: Ms. Ramsey Room 7201 New Executive Office Building Dear Mr. Lynn: In compliance with the request of Mr. James M. Frey, Assistant Director for Legislative Reference, dated October 4, 1976, the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission has examined the facsimile of the enrolled bill, S. 3621, 94th Congress, Second Session, entitled, "An Act to amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, to provide for the determi- nation of the validity and amounts of claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic." The bill was jointly submitted to the Congress for consideration on behalf of the Administration by the Depart- ment of State and the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission. Representatives of both agencies testified in favor of this proposal before the appropriate Committees of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The purpose of the enrolled bill is to add a new title (Title VI) to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended, to enable the determination by the Com- mission of certain claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic which arose out of the nationalization, expropriation, or other taking of, or special measures directed against property owned by nationals of the United States. The Commission anticipates approximately 6,000 claims will be filed for such losses. Presently, there are no funds available for the payment of claims that may be found valid under the terms of the enrolled bill. In effect, the bill authorizes a pre-settlement adjudication by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission in order to ascertain the validity and amounts of claims of United States nationals. These findings are important for use by the Hon. James T. Lynn - 2 - Department of State in future negotiations with representatives of the Government of the German Democratic Republic in an effort to reach an equitable settlement of those claims for the loss of American-owned property. However, the bill does authorize the establishment of a claims fund in the United States Treasury to be composed of such funds as may be paid to the United States by the German Democratic Republic, pursuant to the terms of any claims settlement agreement that may be entered into by the two governments. This special fund will be used to pay claims as determined by the Commission and certified to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment. Also authorized under the bill is a deduction of 5% from any amount covered into the claims fund to reimburse the United States for administrative expenses incurred by the Commission and the Treasury Depart- ment in connection with the program. No funds for the administrative expenses of the program are currently included in the FY 1977 appropriation. However, the enrolled bill does authorize such appropriation. The Commission plans to submit a supplemental budget request early in the First Session of the 95th Congress. Additionally, the Commission's FY 1978 budget request will include funds for the program. The enrolled bill differs somewhat from the Administration's proposal in that section 615 of the enrolled bill entitled "Protests" was added on the floor of the Senate during the debate and passage of the bill in that chamber. This section provides for the reopening of claims on which awards were granted under Title II of the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended, during the last calendar days of the Commission's authority for that program under Public Law 87-846, approved October 22, 1962 (76 Stat. 1107). Any increase in awards which might be determined under this provision would be certified to the Treasury for payment out of any monies available in the War Claims Fund. The Commission does not anticipate any sizable new workload under the provisions of this section and, there- fore, the activity generated will be handled by the present staff and without additional appropriations. Under the provisions of section 615, the Commission has 30 days after enactment of the enrolled bill to publish notice in the Federal Register. Any protests must be filed within 90 days after publication of such notice. Such protests must be acted upon within 30 days after their receipt. Hon. James T. Lynn - 3 - The Commission considers it to be important that this claims program be inaugurated at an early date so that the Department of State may commence some meaningful negotiations with the German Democratic Republic. The preadjudication process will substantially shorten the period of time within which payments may be made to these American citizens who have waited for about 30 years for the receipt of compensation for their property losses. Therefore, the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission recommends that the President approve the enrolled bill, S. 3621. Sincerely, RaymondBell J. Raymond Bell Chairman OF THE TREASURY THE THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20220 1789 OCT 7 1976 Director, Office of Management and Budget Executive Office of the President Washington, D. C. 20503 Attention: Assistant Director for Legislative Reference Sir: Reference is made to your request for the views of this Department on the enrolled enactment of S. 3621, "To amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 to provide for the determination of the validity and amounts of claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic. " We first note that the addition of the new title VI to the Inter- national Claims Settlement Act of 1949 is not to be construed as authorizing or as any intention to authorize an appropriation by the United States for the purpose of paying such claims. Section 607(a) of the enrolled enactment would provide that the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to establish in the Treasury a fund for the payment of unsatisfied claims as authorized by the new title. Section 607(b) would provide that the Secretary of the Treasury shall deduct from any amounts covered into the fund an amount equal to 5 percent thereof as reimbursement to the Government of the United States for expenses incurred in the administration of title VI. The amounts so deducted shall be covered into the Treasury to the credit of miscel- laneous receipts. We have no objection to these provisions of section 607. The Department recommends that the enrolled enactment be approved by the President. Sincerely yours, Crodidors George H. Dixon ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS Department of Justice Washington, D.C. 20530 October 6, 1976 Honorable James T. Lynn Director, Office of Management and Budget Washington, D. C. 20503 Dear Mr. Lynn: In compliance with your request, I have examined a facsimile of the enrolled bill (s. 3621), "To amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 to provide for the determination of the validity and amounts of claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic." The bill would amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended, by adding thereto a new Title VI, to provide for the determination of certain claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic arising from the nationalization, expropriation, or other taking of (or special measures directed against) property owned by nationals of the United States. The claims would be received and determined by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission; the payment of awards thereunder would be made from funds to be paid to the United States by the German Democratic Republic pursuant to some future agreement. The Department of Justice defers to the Department of State and the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission as to whether this bill should receive Executive approval. Sincerely, Wichoal the Whenom MICHAEL M. UHLMANN Assistant Attorney General EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET INSURE STINAS WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503 10-6:00pm. OCT 11 1976 g MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT Subject: Enrolled Bill S. 3621 - Amendment to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 Sponsor - Sen. Sparkman (D) Alabama Last Day for Action October 19, 1976 - Tuesday Purpose Authorizes the determination of claims of United States nationals against the German Democratic Republic. Agency Recommendations Office of Management and Budget Approval Department of State Approval Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Approval National Security Council Approval(Informally) Department of the Treasury Approval Department of Justice Defers to State and the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Discussion Upon the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the German Demo- cratic Republic in 1974, it was agreed that the two governments would enter into negotiations for the settlement of U.S. property claims. The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (the Commission) estimates that approximately 6,000 Americans have been waiting 30 years for com- pensation for property losses in East Germany. Attached document was not scanned because it is duplicated elsewhere in the document THE WHITE HOUSE ACTION MEMORANDUM WASHINGTON LOG NO.: Date: October 11 Time: 1000pm FOR ACTION: cc (for information): Jack Marsh Max Friedersdorf Ed Schmults Bobbie Kilberg Steve McConahey FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY DUE: Date: October 13 Time: 500pm SUBJECT: S.3621-Amendment to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 ACTION REQUESTED: For Necessary Action For Your Recommendations Prepare Agenda and Brief Draft Reply X For Your Comments Draft Remarks REMARKS: please return to judy johnston, ground floor west wing apport Killey 10/12/76 PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED. If you have any questions or if you anticipate a James L. Cannon delay in submitting the required material, please of the President telephone the Staff Secretary immediately. THE WHITE HOUSE ACTION MEMORANDUM WASHINGTON LOG NO.: Date: October 11 Time: 1000pm FOR ACTION: cc (for information): Jack Marsh Max Friedersdorf Ed Schmults Bobbie Kilberg Steve McConahey FROM THE STAFF SECRETARY DUE: Date: October 13 Time: 500pm SUBJECT: S.3621-Amendment to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 ACTION REQUESTED: For Necessary Action For Your Recommendations Prepare Agenda and Brief Draft Reply X For Your Comments Draft Remarks REMARKS: please return to judy johnston, ground floor west wing Decommend approval PLEASE ATTACH THIS COPY TO MATERIAL SUBMITTED. If you have any questions or if you anticipate a M. Cannon delay in submitting the required material, please of the President telephone the Staff Secretary immediately. Calendar No. 1121 94TH CONGRESS SENATE REPORT 2d Session No. 94-1188 EAST GERMAN CLAIMS PROGRAM AUGUST 30 (legislative day, AUGUST 27), 1976.-Ordered to be printed Mr. SPARKMAN, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, submitted the following REPORT [To accompany S. 3621] The Committee on Foreign Relations, to which was referred the bill (S. 3621) to amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 to provide for the determination of the validity and amounts of claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Re- public, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon without amendment and recommends that the bill do pass. PURPOSE AND PROVISIONS The purpose of S. 3621 is to add a new Title VI to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 which would authorize the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission to receive and determine the validity and amounts of claims by nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic for losses arising as a result of the nationalization, expropriation, or other taking of property owned by U.S. nationals at the time of the loss. In this connection, under the provisions of the bill no claim could be favorably considered unless the property on which such claim is based was owned, wholly or partially, by a national or nationals of the United States on the date of the loss and continuously thereafter until the date the claim was filed. As de- fined in S. 3621, a national of the United States is a natural person who is a citizen of the United States or a corporation or other legal entity organized under the laws of the United States in which at least 50 percent of the outstanding shares of stock is owned by natural persons who are U.S. citizens. A 12-month filing period is provided and the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission is required to complete its affairs with respect to this claims program within three years after the 57-006-76--1 2 3 deadline filing date. According to the Commission, it is anticipated that amounts of claims against the German Democratic Republic which as many as 5,000 claims may be filed under the program. The total have arisen out of the nationalization, expropriation, or other taking value is unknown. of, or special measures directed against property interests of nationals On September 4, 1974, when the United States and the German of the United States. This section also provides that the enactment of Democratic Republic established diplomatic relations, it was agreed the proposed new Title VI shall not be construed as authorizing an that the two governments would enter into negotiations "for the settle- appropriation or as any intention to authorize an appropriation of ment of claims and other financial and property questions which re- Federal funds to pay any claims of United States nationals against main unresolved. Included on the Agenda will be property and the German Democratic Republic. other questions which arose prior to or since 1945 which have not Section 601. Definitions otherwise been settled, including losses by victims of Nazism." The Department of State feels that it may be in a better position to nego- (1) National of the United States.-This is defined as a natural tiate an adequate settlement if the scope of these claims has been person who is a citizen of the United States, or a corporation or other authoritatively determined before negotiations are undertaken. Thus, legal entity which is organized under the laws of the United States, or the reason for this bill. of any State, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of It is understood that the claims program proposed by S. 3621 would Puerto Rico, if natural persons who are citizens of the United States be similar in many respects to the Czechoslovakina claims program own, directly or indirectly, 50 percent or more of the outstanding under Title IV of the International Claims Settlement Act, and in capital stock or other beneficial interest of such corporation or entity. certain respects to the Cuban and Chinese programs under Title V of The term does not include aliens. the Act. In this regard, the bill prescribes an award payment procedure (2) Commission.-This means the Foreign Claims Settlement which is similar to other titles of the International Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, a quasi-judicial agency of the Act. S. 3621 provides, however, that its enactment "shall not be con- United States Government which has handled other claims programs strued as authorizing or as any intention to authorize an appropriation under the International Claims Settlement Act. by the United States for the purpose of paying such claims." (3) Property.-Section 601 (3) gives a broad definition of the range of property interests covered by the proposed claims program. Sec- COMMITTEE ACTION tion 601 is analogous to section 401 of Title IV (Czech claims) and Title V (Cuba and China claims). The Committee on Foreign Relations held a public hearing on (4) The term "German Democratic Republic" includes the govern- S. 3621 on August 24, 1976. At that time, testimony was received from ment of any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof J. Raymond Bell, the Chairman of the Foreign Claims Settlement or under its control. Commission and Mr. Stephen Schwebel, Deputy Legal Adviser, Depart- (5) The term "Claims Fund" means a special fund created in the ment of State. Their prepared statements are reprinted in the appen- Treasury Department from which awards, as authorized and certified dix to this report. On the same day, by voice vote, the Committee by the Commission under this title, will be paid. The Claims Fund will ordered S. 3621 reported favorably to the Senate. consist of whatever money is realized under a formal agreement entered into between the Governments of the United States and the COST ESTIMATE German Democratic Republic settling such claims. Section 611 of S. 3621 authorizes the appropriation of such sums as Section 602. Receipt and determination of claims may be necessary to enable the Foreign Claims Settlement Commis- Section 602 states that claims must be submitted within the period sion and the Treasury Department to pay their respective administra- specified by the Commission which shall not be later than 12 months tive expenses incurred in carrying out their functions in connection after publication of notice in the Federal Register. In determining the with the East German claims program. The Committee is informed validity and amount of claims, the Commission is directed to apply that the Administration expects to request $1.7 million to cover its "applicable substantive law, including international law." This administrative expenses for the four-year period necessary to com- requirement is similar to those contained in other titles of the Interna- plete the program. tional Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended. Section 603. Ownership of claims SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS This section, which follows the pattern of previous U.S. claims Set forth below is a section-by-section analysis of S. 3621 which was programs, provides that a claim for property losses shall not be submitted by the Executive Branch. considered unless the property involved was directly or indirectly owned by a U.S. national on the date of the loss and continuously Section 600. Purpose of title thereafter by one or more U.S. nationals until the date it is filed. Section 600 states that the purpose of the draft bill, which adds a In case a claim is owned jointly by a U.S. national and an alien, only new Title VI to the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as the validity and amount of the U.S. national's interest in the property amended, is to provide for the determination of the validity and will be determined by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission. 5 4 that may be made under this title in all respects as if the award had Section 604. Corporate claims been made in favor of a single person. Section 604(a) provides that a claim under section 602, relating to Section 607. Claims fund receipt of claims, which is based upon the ownership interest in any Section authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to establish corporation, association, or other entity which is a national of the a claims fund in the Treasury Department for the payment of claims United States (as defined in sec. 601) shall not be considered. In against the German Democratic Republic. The fund will consist of other words, stockholders or owners of a corporation may not file a sums as may be paid to the United States by the German Democratic valid claim based upon their individual interests. The claim must be Republic pursuant to the terms of any claims settlement agreement filed by the corporation in its own behalf and treated as a corporate between the two governments. claim. Section 607(b) authorizes a deduction of 5 percent from any amount Section 604(b) states that a claim based upon a direct ownership covered into the Claims Fund for administrative expenses incurred by interest in a corporation, association, or other entity which was not a the Commission and Treasury Department with respect to the national of the United States on the date of the loss, shall be con- program. sidered and without regard to the percentage of ownership vested in the claimant. The effect of this provision is to permit a U.S. national Section 608. Award payment procedures to file a claim for his interest (no matter how small) in a foreign Section 608(a) directs the Commission to certify each award to the corporation which was taken by the German Democratic Republic. Secretary of the Treasury. Section 604(c) provides that a claim based upon an indirect owner- Section 608(b) directs the Secretary of the Treasury to make pay- ship interest in a corporation, association, or other entity shall be ments on account of the awards certified out of sums covered into the considered only if at least 25 percent of the entire ownership interest special claims fund in accordance with an established payment order thereof, at the time of the loss, was vested in nationals of the United of priority. States. Section 609. Settlement period Section 604(d) states that the amount of both direct and indirect losses shall be calculated on the basis of the total loss suffered by the This section provides that the program shall be completed within three years following the deadline for filing claims. corporation, association, or other entity, and shall bear the same pro- portions to such loss as the ownership interest of the claimant at the Section 610. Transfer of records time of loss bears to the entire ownership interest in the corporation, This section provides for the transfer to the Commission of records association, or other entity. and documents relating to claims under this title. Section 605. Offsets Section 611. Appropriations Section 605 is designed to prevent double benefits for the same loss This section states that appropriations are authorized for the or losses. In some cases claimants may have received compensation administrative expenses of the Commission and Treasury Department from the Federal Republic of Germany under the Equalization of in carrying out the provisions of the title. Burdens laws or from the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission under Title II of the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended, especially Section 612. Fees for services in regard to the "special measures" provisions of section 202(a) which This section prohibits the payment of attorneys and other fees on defines World War II losses as having occurred "as a direct consequence account of services rendered in connection with any claim in excess of special measures directed against property because of the of 10 percent of the total award paid on account of the claim. This enemy or alleged enemy character of the owner, if such property was section is analogous to section 414 of Title IV of the Act. owned by a national of the United States at the time of loss." Under Section 613. Application of other laws that program claims were found compensable under the "special This section incorporates, by reference, the following technical measures" provision if they involved property of Americans that had provisions of Title I of the International Claims Settlement Act of been confiscated during World War II and which was located in an 1949, as amended: area under communist control at the end of hostilities and was not Subsection 4(b) deals with the notice of the time when, and the limit restored to its owner. This applied to property located in East Ger- of time within which, claims may be filed, which notice shall be pub- many. Claimants were awarded compensation for damages to struc- lished in the Federal Register, and the basis and the finality of the tures on land as well as for the land. Awards under the proposed bill decisions rendered by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission. are to be reduced by any payments the claimant may have received Subsection 4(c) relates to such matters as the administration of from other sources on account of the same loss. oaths, the issuance of subpoenas, the examination of witnesses, and Section 606. Consolidated awards contempt. This section authorizes a consolidated award where an original Subsections 4(d) and (e) deal with depositions and penalties, single interest has vested in several persons. All such persons shall respectively. participate in proportion to their indicated interests, in any payments 6 Subsection 4(h) provides that the Commission shall notify all claimants of the approval or denial of their claims, and if approved, the amount for which the claims were approved. It also provides that any claimant whose claim is denied, or approved for less than the full amount, shall be entitled to a hearing, and states that the action of the Commission in allowing or denying any claim shall be final and con- APPENDIX clusive on all questions of law and fact. Subsection 4(j) directs the Commission to comply with the pro- visions of the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 except as other- wise specifically provided by this title. TESTIMONY OF J. RAYMOND BELL, CHAIRMAN, FOREIGN CLAIMS Subsection 7(c) provides that payments made pursuant to this title SETTLEMENT COMMISSION, AUGUST 24, 1976 shall be made only to the person or persons on behalf of whom the award is made, except under certain conditions, e.g., persons deceased Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I appreciate this or under legal disability, termination of partnerships or corporations, opportunity to appear before you today. I express the views of my receiverships, trustees, and assignments. fellow commissioners, as well as those of key members of our staff, Subsection 7(d) bars recovery against the U.S. and its officers by in supporting S. 3621 and urging its earliest possible adoption. persons other than the person to whom payment was made. S. 3621 simply proposes to add a new title to the International Subsection 7(e) provides that any person who makes application for Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended, to enable the determina- tion by the Commission of certain claims of nationals of the United any such payment shall be held to have consented to all of the pro- visions of this title. States against the German Democratic Republic which arose out of Subsection 7(f) provides that "nothing in this title shall be con- the nationalization, expropriation, or other taking of, or special strued as the assumption of any liability by the United States for the measures directed against property owned by nationals of the United States. payment or satisfaction, in whole or in part, of any claim on behalf of any national of the United States against any foreign government." Our Commission estimates that there will be approximately 6,000 This serves to support the contention that funds of the United States claims by American nationals who have waited at least 30 years to be should not be used for the purpose of paying claims of U.S. nationals compensated for the loss of their property in East Germany. Adoption against the German Democratic Republic. of the proposed legislation will establish the mechanism for the orderly adjudication of such claims and thereby ease the hardships of claim- Section 614. Separability ants, many of whom have reached an age category which minimizes This is the customary separability clause which provides that if any the number of years of life remaining during which they may enjoy provision of the proposed new Title VI shall be held invalid, it will not whatever compensation they may ultimately receive. affect the validity of the remainder of the title. Other titles of the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended, have dealt with claims of nationals of the United States against the Governments of Bulgaria, Communist China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Rumania, the Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia. The proposed program under the bill would be similar, in many respects, to the Czechoslovakian claims program under Title IV of the International Claims Settlement Act, and in certain respects to the Cuban and Chinese claims programs under Title V of that Act. I believe it is important to detail some of the similarities of these prior programs and mention the historical background because they established a precedent for the enactment of 3621. My statement also contains a detailed analysis of the important provisions of this proposal. Title V of the Act which was enacted and approved on October 16, 1964, provided for the receipt and the determination of claims of nationals of the United States against the Government of Cuba, based on the nationalization or other taking of property by the Castro Government which occurred on or after January 1, 1959. Later, on November 6, 1966, this title was amended to include similar claims against the Chinese Communist regime arising since October 1, 1949. Title V of the Act did not provide for the payment of losses suffered by American citizens. Like S. 3621, it provided only for a presettlement (7) 8 9 adjudication of claims and for the certification of the Commission's A national of the United States is defined as a natural person who is findings to the Secretary of State. The stated purpose of the Congress in a citizen of the United States or a corporation or other legal entity, directing that the amounts of losses be certified to the Secretary of organized under the laws of the United States, or a State, the District State was to provide him with appropriate information which would of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, in which at least be useful in future negotiations of claims settlement agreements with 50% of the outstanding shares of stock was owned, at all material friendly governments in Cuba and mainland China. Thus far, there times, by persons who qualify as nationals of the United States. has been no claims settlement agreement with either government. Stockholder claimants are to be distinguished from corporation However, the Department of State has been furnished the detailed claimants. They are never eligible for compensation if the corpora- description of all American-owned property which had been confis- tion, itself, is an eligible claimant. To be eligible as a stockholder cated in these countries and the exact amounts of the losses. This will claimant in a non-U.S. national corporation that has been nationalized be the bases for any future negotiations between the United States or otherwise taken, it is only necessary that the ownership interests and the other two governments. Also similar to the proposed East German program was the Czech on which the claim is based have been, at all material times, held by nationals of the United States. This is called a direct interest. claims program under Title IV of the International Claims Settlement A stockholder in a non-U.S. corporation which in turn held stock Act for losses suffered by nationals of the United States, based on the in a nationalized East German corporation, would be deemed to nationalization or other taking of American-owned property in have an indirect interest. Such claimant would be eligible for favorable Czechoslovakia. At the time of enactment of Title IV on August 8, consideration only if the total of United States interests in an East 1958, the Department of State was negotiating with the Government German corporation, both direct and indirect, amounts to 25%. of Czechoslovakia to obtain a lump-sum settlement from that govern- The amount of both direct and indirect losses are to be calculated ment of all such claims. The Act provided that unless a settlement was on the basis of the total loss suffered by the corporation or other made within 1 year after enactment, the funds for the payment of entity, and shall bear the same proportions to such loss as the owner- these claims would be derived from monies realized from the sale, by ship interest of the claimant bears to the entire ownership interest the United States, of certain Czechoslovakian steel mill components, in the corporation or other entity. manufactured and stored in the United States, amounting to approxi- The bill authorizes the establishment of a claims fund in the United mately $8.5 million. It further provided that if such an agreement States Treasury to be composed of such claims as may be paid to the was entered into before the expiration of 1 year after enactment, such United States by the German Democratic Republic, pursuant to claims would be paid out of the funds made available therefor by such the terms of any claims settlement agreement that may be entered government. into by the two governments. This special fund will be used to pay It was not until July 5, 1974, approximately 12 years after the claims as determined by the Commission and certified to the Secretary completion of the program that such an agreement was reached sub- of the Treasury for payment. Also authorized under the bill is a ject to formal approval of the two governments. However, due to an deduction of 5% from any amount covered into the claims fund amendment to the Federal Trade Act of 1974, requiring a renegotia- to reimburse the United States for administrative expenses incurred tion of the agreement with the Czech Government, it has never been by the Commission and the Treasury Department in connection formalized. Thus, only the funds derived from the sale of the steel with the program. mill components have been available for payments on the awards The bill provides for a 1-year filing period to begin within 60 granted by the Commission. days after its enactment or of legislation making appropriations to These programs, especially the Cuban and Chinese, were in fact the Commission, whichever date is later. The Commission is given presettlement adjudications. However, it is hoped that a claims 3 years after the expiration of the filing period to complete the program. settlement agreement with the German Democratic Republic can be Prior to the recognition of the German Democratic Republic by concluded within a few years. Upon the establishment of diplomatic the United States, nationals of the United States who qualified relations with such government in July 1974, it was agreed that the under the equalization of burdens laws, enacted by the Federal United States and the German Democratic Republic would, among Republic of Germany (West Germany), had, in some instances, other things, enter into negotiations for the settlement of U.S. claims. received compensation from that government based on property Thus far, however, the formal negotiations with respect to these losses arising in East Germany. claims have not commenced. In any case, the Commission is not The Commission processed claims of nationals of the United States directly involved in such negotiations. This is a function of the under Title II of the War Claims Act of 1948, which arose in certain Department of State. Eastern European countries, including Germany, during the period The bill provides only for claims for losses by nationals of the beginning September 1, 1939, and ending May 8, 1945, as a result United States who had such status at the time of loss and which have of military operations of war or special measures directed against been owned continuously thereafter by such a national or nationals property because of the enemy character of such property, which until the date of filing with the Commission. Claims owned by non- was owned at the time by nationals of the United States. Claims nationals of the United States on the date of loss and continuously were compensable under the "special measures" if the property, thereafter until the date of filing are precluded from favorable con- upon which the claim was based, was located in East Germany and sideration under the bill. S.R. 1188-2 10 11 remained under communist control and was never returned to its During the registration, over 8,000 notices and claim registration owners for both the improvements and the land. forms were forwarded to persons at their last known addresses who The proposed bill is designed to prevent double benefits in that the had previously communicated with the Commission or State Depart- Commission is required to deduct all amounts the claimant has ment concerning losses in East Germany, since the end of hostilities received from any source on account of the same loss, including the in World War II. Over 2,000 of these registrations were completed amounts received under Title II of the War Claims Act of 1948, as and returned to the Commission prior to an established deadline filing amended. However, it is understood that the German Democratic period of July 1, 1975. Approximately 4,000 of the notices were Republic will be pressed to provide funds for these losses. returned for insufficient addresses. Another 500 inquiries concerning After a determination is made by the Commission as to the validity these claims have been received by the Commission since the registra- and amount of each claim, the award is certified to the Secretary of tion filing deadline. the Treasury for payment out of the special claims fund in accordance with an established payment order priority. Such payments would STATEMENT ON S. 3621 be made on a prorated basis after payment is made on the account of interest until the principal amounts of all awards are paid in full. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Attorney fees on account of services rendered on behalf of any I am Stephen M. Schwebel, Deputy Legal Adviser of the Depart- claimant, in connection with any claim filed with the Commission ment of State, and I welcome the opportunity of appearing before the under the new title, cannot exceed 10 per centum of the total amount subcommittee to present the views of the Department of State on paid on any award certified for payment. S. 3621. The bill before this subcommittee was drafted by the Depart- Based on similar experiences in other programs, however, it is ment of State and the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, which anticipated that as many as 5,000 claims may be filed under the will also be appearing before the subcommittee in connection with proposed program. this proposed legislation. Inasmuch as the current Hungarian claims program is due for S. 3621 would add a new title to the International Claims Settlement completion by the Commission on May 15, 1977, it is important to Act of 1949 authorizing the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission the Commission that favorable consideration be given to the proposed to receive and adjudicate claims of United States nationals arising out East German program as soon as possible, so that it may use the of the nationalization, expropriation or other taking, or special services of its experienced claims personnel presently in the employ- measures directed against, their property by the German Democratic ment of the Commission. Republic. The provisions of the proposed legislation are explained in Most important, however, is the fact that many American citizens detail in the section-by-section analysis accompanying the letter of have been waiting some 30 years for compensation for their property transmittal. These provisions correspond closely to those enacted by losses in East Germany. The German Democratic Republic is obli- the Congress for the addition to the Act of Titles IV and V, relating to gated to provide compensation to former American owners for their property. In the interim, the Commission concurs with the Depart- the Czechoslovakian and the Cuban and Chinese claims programs. Pre-adjudication by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of ment of State that these claims should the subject of a presettlement the claims of United States nationals against the German Democratic adjudication prior to the conclusion of any negotiations with such Republic would advance the process by which compensation should government providing money for the settlement of such claims. This procedure will shorten, considerably, the period of time in eventually bc paid. No appropriation of public funds for the payment of the Commission's awards is sought by the legislation-nor, in the which compensation will be paid to these United States citizens, Department's view, should such an appropriation be provided; we many of whom are now in the "senior citizens" category. naturally look wholly to payment by the German Democratic Repub- For these reasons and the fact that further delay in the adjuci- lic of these claims. Moreover, vested assets of the German Reich cation of these claims would impose additional hardships on the cannot provide a partial source of compensation since those assets claimants, the Commission fully supports the bill S. 3621 and, respect- have already been used to pay compensation on the Commission's war fully, recommends its early enactment. An appropriation is authorized to enable the Commission and the claims program pursuant to the War Claims Act. In the circumstances, the Department believes that the most expeditious means of com- Treasury Department to pay their respective administrative expenses pensating the claimants would be the conclusion of a lump-sum settle- in carrying out their functions under the proposed program. Certain sections of Title I of the International Claims Settlement ment agreement with the Government of the German Democratic Republic. Such a settlement would take into account the Commis- Act are applicable to the new proposed claims program. Such sections sion's awards, and the proceeds from such a settlement would be deal with procedural and administrative matters which have been distributed in accordance with the amounts of those awards. At the adopted in other programs authorized under the International Claims same time, we are of course open to any other appropriate method of Settlement Act of 1949, including the finality of the decisions rendered settlement. by the Commission. The Commission has observed considerable interest in this program The Department does not know whether or when a lump-sum settlement agreement will be concluded with the German Democratic by potential claimants, especially in view of the registration that it conducted in 1974 and 1975 at the request of the State Department in Republic, but we shall make every effort to conclude such an agree- ment, or another appropriate kind of claims agreement. In the view regard to claims against the German Democratic Republic. 12 of the United States, the German Democratic Republic is not only bound to negotiate these claims, but under international law is obliged to pay the appropriate compensation that is due. The claims to which the program provided for in the proposed legislation would apply relate to property, rights or interests, pre- viously owned by United States nationals, which have been taken by CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW the German Democratic Republic, and to debts owed to American nationals by enterprises taken by that Government. Some of these In compliance with paragraph 4 of rule XXIX of the Standing property interests may have previously been the subject of measures Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill, as by Nazi authorities or by Soviet occupation authorities and subse- reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted quently taken over by the German Democratic Republic. The pro- is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, existing visions of the proposed legislation take into account the possibility law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman): that the takings may have assumed a variety of forms. These claims were not discussed with officials of the German Demo- INTERNATIONAL CLAIMS SETTLEMENT AcT OF 1949, AS AMENDED cratic Republic during the period after 1949 because the United States Public Law 81-455 [H.R. 4406], 64 Stat. 12, approved March 10, did not recognize that entity or maintain diplomatic relations with it. 1950, as amended by Public Law 83-242 [H.R. 5742], 67 Stat. 506, On September 4, 1974, after extended negotiations, the United States approved August 8, 1953; Reorganization Plan No. 1, effective July and the German Democratic Republic agreed to the establisment of 1, 1954, 19 F.R. 3985 68 Stat. 1279; Public Law 84-285 [H.R. 6382], 69 diplomatic relations. One of the provisions included in that agreement, Stat. 562, approved August 9, 1955; Public Law 85-604 [S. 3557], at the instance of the United States, was for negotiations on claims 72 Stat. 527, approved August 8, 1958; Public Law 85-791 [H.R. and property and financial questions. The Department of State has 6788], 72 Stat. 941 at 951, approved August 28, 1958; Public Law been preparing for those negotiations, and the claims program pro- 88-666 [H.R. 12259], 78 Stat. 1110, approved October 16, 1964; vided for in the proposed legislation is an essential component of the Public Law 89-559 [H.R. 10104], 80 Stat. 378 at 656, approved No- completion of such negotiations. We shall not be in the best position vember 6, 1966; Public Law 90-421 [H.R. 9063], 82 Stat. 420, ap- to conclude a claims settlement agreement with the German Demo- proved July 4, 1968; Public Law 91-167 [H.R. 11711], 83 Stat. 435, cratic Republic until the claims have been adjudicated and the total approved December 24, 1969; and by Public Law 93-460 [H.R. amount of the claims is known. The Department has discussed the claims with representatives of 13621], 88 Stat. 1386, approved October 20, 1974 the German Democratic Republic. Included within those discussions AN ACT To provide for the settlement of certain claims of the Government of the United States on its own behalf and on behalf of American nationals was the question of compensation to the victims of Nazism, a question against foreign governments. referred to in the agreement on establishment of diplomatic relations. The World Conference on Jewish Material Claims is dealing with this Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United question on an ethnic rather than a national basis. At our meeting States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as with the German Democratic representatives we called for meaning- the "International Claims Settlement Act of 1949". ful discussions with the World Conference. The claimants have for a lengthy period remained uncompensated TITLE I for their losses. We believe that it is now feasible to move ahead in our efforts to obtain adequate and effective compensation. The De- SEC. 2. For the purposes of this Title- partment of State accordingly strongly favors the adoption of S. 3621 (a) The term "person" shall include an individual, partnership, corporation, or the Government of the United States. (b) The term "United States" when used in a geographical sense shall include the United States, its Territories and insular possessions, and the Canal Zone. (c) The term "nationals of the United States" includes (1) persons who are citizens of the United States, and (2) persons who, though not citizens of the United States, owe permanent allegiance to the United States. It does not include aliens. (d) The term "Yugoslav Claims Agreement of 1948" means the agreements between the Governments of the United States of America and of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia regarding pecu- niary claims of the United States and its national, signed July 19, 1948. SEC. 3. (a) [Repealed by Public Law 89-554, (80 Stat. 378 at 656; 22 U.S.C. 1622(a)).] (13) 14 15 (b) [Repealed by Public Law 89-544 (80 Stat. 378 at 656; 22 advisable to make. Each decision by the Commission pursuant to this U.S.C. 1622(b)).] Title shall be by majority vote, and shall state the reason for such (c) The Commission may prescribe such rules and regulations as decision, and shall constitute a full and final disposition of the case in may be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions, and may which the decision is rendered. delegate functions to any member, officer or employee of the Com- (c) Any member of the Commission, or any employee of the Com- mission. The President may fix a termination date for the authority mission, designated in writing by the Chairman of the Commission, of the Commission, and the terms of office of its members under this may administer oaths and examine witnesses. Any member of the Title. Any member of the Commission may be removed by the Secre- Commission may require by subpena the attendance and testimony tary of State, upon notice and hearing, for neglect of duty, or mal- of witnesses, and the production of all necessary books, papers, docu- feasance in office, but for no other cause. Not later than six months ments, records, correspondence, and other evidence, from any place in after its organization, and every six months thereafter, the Com- the United States at any designated place of inquiry or of hearing. mission shall make a report, through the Secretary of State, to the The Commission is authorized to contract for the reporting of in- Congress concerning its operations under this Title. The Commission quiries or of hearings. Witnesses summoned before the Commission shall, upon completion of its work, certify in duplicate to the Secre- shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in tary of State and to the Secretary of the Treasury the following: the courts of the United States. In case of disobedience to a sub- (1) A list of all claims disallowed; (2) a list of all claims allowed, in pena, the aid of any district court of the United States, as consti- whole or in part, together with the amount of each claim and the tuted by chapter 5 of title 28, United States Code (28 U.S.C. 81 and amount awarded thereon; and (3) a copy of the decision rendered in the following), and the United States court of any Territory or each case. No members of such Commission shall be appointed after other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States may be the effective date of this Title until such Commission is reorganized invoked in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and by further Act of Congress but acting members may be designated the production of such books, papers, documents, records, correspond- by the President as provided by this section, who shall receive no com- ence, and other evidence. Any such court within the jurisdiction of pensation from the funds appropriated by H.R. 6200 for defraying which the inquiry or hearing is carried on may, in case of contumacy the expenses of such Commission. or refusal to obey a subpena issued to any person, issue an order SEC. 4. (a) The Commission shall have jurisdiction to receive, requiring such person to appear or to give evidence touching the examine, adjudicate, and render final decisions with respect to claims matter in question; and any failure to obey such order of the court of the Government of the United States and of nationals of the United may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. States included within the terms of the Yugoslav Claims Agreement (d) The Commission may order testimony to be taken by deposition of 1948, or included within the terms of any claims agreement here- in any inquiry or hearing pending before it at any stage of such pro- after concluded between the Government of the United States and a ceeding or hearing. Such depositions may be taken, under such regula- foreign government (exclusive of governments against which the tions as the Commission may prescribe, before any person designated United States declared the existence of a state of war during World by the Commission and having power to administer oaths. Any War II) similarly providing for the settlement and discharge of person may be compelled to appear and depose, and to produce books, claims of the Government of the United States and of nationals of papers, documents, records, correspondence, and other evidence in the United States against a foreign government, arising out of the the same way as witnesses may be compelled to appear and testify nationalization or other taking of property, by the agreement of the and produce documentary evidence before the Commission, as herein- Government of the United States to accept from that government a above provided. If a witness whose testimony may be desired to be sum in en bloc settlement thereof. In the decision of claims under this taken by deposition be in a foreign country, the deposition may be Title, the Commission shall apply the following in the following order: taken, provided the laws of the foreign country SO permit, by a con- (1) The provisions of the applicable claims agreement as provided in sular officer, or by an officer or employee of the Commission, or other this subsection; and (2) the applicable principles of international law, person commissioned by the Commission, or under letter rogatory justice, and equity. issued by the Commission. Witnesses whose depositions are taken as (b) The Commission shall give public notice of the time when, and authorized in this subsection, and the persons taking the same, shall the limit of time within which, claims may be filed, which notice shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like services in be published in the Federal Register. In addition, the Commission is the courts of the United States. authorized and directed to mail a similar notice to the last-known (e) In addition to the penalties provided in title 18, United States address of each person appearing in the records of the Department of Code, section 1001, any person guilty of any act, as provided therein, State as having indicated an intention of filing a claim with respect to with respect to any matter under this Title, shall forfeit all rights a matter concerning which the Commission has jurisdiction under this under this Title, and, if payment shall have been made or granted, the Title. All decisions shall be upon such evidence and written legal Commission shall take such action as may be necessary to recover the contentions as may be presented within such period as may be pre- same. scribed therefor by the Commission, and upon the results of any (f) No remuneration on account of services rendered on behalf of independent investigation of cases which the Commission may deem it any claimant in connection with any claim filed with the Commission 16 17 under this title shall exceed 10 per centum of the total amount paid SEC. 7. (a) Subject to the limitations hereinafter provided, the pursuant to any award certified under the provisions of this title, on Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to pay, as account of such claim. Any agreement to the contrary shall be unlaw- prescribed by section 8 of this Title, an amount not exceeding hte ful and void. Whoever, in the United States or elsewhere, demands or principal of each award, plus accrued interests on such awards as receives, on account of services SO rendered, any remuneration in bear interest, certified pursuant to section 5 of this Title, in accordance excess of the maximum permitted by this section, shall be fined not with the award. Such payments, and applications for such payments, more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than twelve months, or shall be made in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary both. of the Treasury may prescribe. (g) The Attorney General shall assign such officers and employees (b) (1) There shall be deducted from the amount of each payment of the Department of Justice as may be necessary to represent the made pursuant to subsection (c) of section 8, as reimbursement for the United States as to any claims of the Government of the United States expenses incurred by the United States, an amount equal to 5 per with respect to which the Commission has jurisdiction under this centum of such payment. All amounts SO deducted shall be covered title. Any and all payments required to be made by the Secretary into the Treasury to the credit of miscellaneous receipts. of the Treasury under this title pursuant to any award made by the (2) The Secretary of the Treasury shall deduct from any amounts Commission to the Government of the United States shall be covered covered, subsequent to the date of enactment of this paragraph, into into the Treasury to the credit of miscellaneous receipts. any special fund, created pursuant to section 8, 5 per centum thereof (h) The Commission shall notify all claimants of the approval or as reimbursement to the Government of the United States for expenses denial of their claims, stating the reasons and grounds therefor, and, incurred by the Commission and by the Treasury Department in the if approved, shall notify such claimants of the amount for which such administration of this title. The amounts SO deducted shall be covered claims are approved. Any claimant whose claim is denied, or is ap- into the Treasury to the credit of miscellaneous receipts. proved for less than the full amount of such claim, shall be entitled, (c) Payments made pursuant to this Title shall be made only to the under such regulations as the Commission may prescribe, to a hearing person or persons on behalf of whom the award is made, except that- before the Commission, or its duly authorized representatives, with (1) if any person to whom any payment is to be made pursuant respect to such claim. Upon such hearing, the Commission may affirm, to this title is deceased or is under a legal disability, payment modify, or revise its former action with respect to such claim, includ- shall be made to his legal representative, except that if any pay- ing a denial or reduction in the amount theretofore allowed with re- ment to be made is not over $1,000 and there is no qualified spect to such claim. The action of the Commission in allowing or executor or administrator, payment may be made to the person denying any claim under this title shall be final and conclusive on all or persons found by the Comptroller General to be entitled there- questions of law and fact and not subject to review by the Secretary of to, without the necessity of compliance with the requirement of State or any other official, department, agency, or establishment of the law with respect to the administration of estates; United States or by any court by mandamus or otherwise. (2) in the case of a partnership or corporation, the existence of (i) The Commission may in its discretion enter an award with re- which has been terminated and on behalf of which an award is spect to one or more items deemed to have been clearly established in made, payment shall be made, except as provided in paragraphs an individual claim while deferring consideration and action on other (3) and (4), to the person or persons found by the Comptroller items of the same claim. General of the United States to be entitled thereto; (j) The Commission shall comply with the provisions of the Ad- (3) if a receiver or trustee for any such partnership or corpora- ministrative Procedure Act of 1946 except as otherwise specifically tion has been duly appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction provided by this title. in the United States and has not been discharged prior to the date SEC. 5. The Commission shall, as soon as possible, and in the order of payment, payment shall be made to such receiver or trustee in of the making of such awards, certify to the Secretary of the Treasury accordance with the order of the court; and to the Secretary of State copies of the awards made in favor of (4) if a receiver or trustee for any such partnership or cor- the Government of the United States or of nationals of the United poration, duly appointed by a court of competent jursidiction in States under this Title. The Commission shall certify to the Secretary the United States, makes an assignment of the claim, or any part of State, upon his request, copies of the formal submissions of claims thereof, with respect to which an award is made, or makes an filed pursuant to subsection (b) of section 4 of this Act for transmission assignment of such award, or any part thereof, payment shall be to the foreign government concerned. made to the assignee, as his interest may appear; and SEC. 6. The Commission shall complete its affairs in connection (5) in the case of any assignment of an award, or any part with settlement of United Yugoslav claims arising under the thereof, which is made in writing and duly acknowledged and Yugoslav Claims Agreement of 1948 not later than December 31, 1954: filed, after such award is certified to the Secretary of the Treasury, Provided, That nothing in this provision shall be construed to limit payment may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury, the life of the Commission, or its authority to act on future agreements be made to the assignee, as his interest may appear. which may be affected under the provisions of this legislation. (d) Whenever the Secretary of the Treasury, or the Comptroller General of the United States, as the case may be, shall find that any 18 19 person is entitled to any such payment, after such payment shall have German Democratic Republic for losses arising as a result of the national- been received by such person, it shall be an absolute bar to recovery ization, expropriation, or other taking of (or special measures directed by any other person against the United States, its officers, agents or against) property, including any rights or interests therein, owned wholly employees with respect to such payment. or partially, directly or indirectly, at the time by nationals of the United (e) Any person who makes application for any such payment shall States whether such losses occurred in the German Democratic Republic be held to have consented to all the provisions of this Title. or in East Berlin. Such claims must be submitted to the Commission within (f) Nothing in this Title shall be construed as the assumption of the period specified by the Commission by notice published in the Federal any liability by the United States for the payment or satisfaction, Register (which period shall not be more than twelve months after such in whole or in part, of any claim on behalf of any national of the publication) within sixty days after the enactment of this title or of United States against any foreign government. legislation making appropriations to the Commission for payment of administrative expenses incurred in carrying out its functions under this title, whichever date is later. TITLE VI OWNERSHIP OF CLAIMS PURPOSE OF TITLE SEC. 603. A claim shall not be favorably considered under section 602 SEC. 600. It is the purpose of this title to provide for the determination of this title unless the property right on which it is based was owned, of the validity and amounts of outstanding claims against the German wholly or partially, directly or indirectly, by a national of the United Democratic Republic which arose out of the nationalization, expropriation, States on the date of loss and if favorably considered, the claim shall be or other taking of (or special measures directed against) property interests considered only if it has been held by one or more nationals of the United of nationals of the United States. This title shall not be construed as States continuously from the date that the loss occurred until the date of authorizing or as any intention to authorize an appropriation by the filing with the Commission. United States for the purpose of paying such claims. CORPORATE CLAIMS DEFINITIONS SEC. 604. (a) A claim under section 602 of this title based upon an ownership interest in any corporation, association, or other entity which is SEC. 601. As used in this title- a national of the United States, shall not be considered. A claim under (1) The term "national of the United States" means— section 602 of this title based upon a debt or other obligation owing by any (a) a natural person who is a citizen of the United States; corporation, association, or other entity organized under the laws of the (b) a corporation or other legal entity which is organized under United States, or of any State, the District of Columbia, or the Common- the laws of the United States or of any State, the District of Columbia, wealth of Puerto Rico shall be considered only when such debt or other or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, if natural persons who are obligation is a charge on property which has been nationalized, expropri- citizens of the United States own, directly or indirectly, 50 per ated, or taken by the German Democratic Republic. centum or more of the outstanding capital stock or other beneficial (b) A claim under section 602 of this title based upon a direct ownership interest of such corporation or entity. The term does not include aliens. interest in a corporation, association, or other entity for loss, shall be (2) The term "Commission" means the Foreign Claims Settlement considered subject to the provisions of this title, if such corporation, Commission of the United States. association, or other entity on the date of the loss was not a national of the (3) The term "property" means any property, right, or interest, includ- United States, without regard to the per centum of ownership vested in the ing any leasehold interest, and debts owed by enterprises which have been claimant. nationalized, expropriated, or taken by the German Democratic Republic (c) A claim under section 602 of this title for losses based upon an for which no restoration or no adequate compensation has been made to indirect ownership interest in a corporation, association, or other entity, the former owners of such property. shall be considered, subject to the other provisions of this title, only if at (4) The term "German Democratic Republic" includes the government least 25 per centum of the entire ownership interest thereof, at the time of of any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof or under such loss, was vested in nationals of the United States. its control. (d) The amount of any claim covered by subsections (b) or (c) of this (5) The term "Claims Fund" is the special fund established in the section shall be calculated on the basis of the total loss suffered by such Treasury of the United States composed of such sums as may be paid to corporation, association, or other entity, and shall bear the same proportion the United States by the German Democratic Republic pursuant to the to such loss as the ownership interest of the claimant at the time of loss terms of any agreement settling such claims that may be entered into by bears to the entire ownership interest thereof. the Government of the United States and the German Democratic Republic. OFFSETS RECEIPT AND DETERMINATION OF CLAIMS SEC. 605. In determining the amount of any claim, the Commission SEC. 602. The Commission shall receive and determine in accordance shall deduct all amounts the claimant has received from any source on with applicable substantive law, including international law, the validity account of the same loss or losses, including any amount claimant received and amounts of claims by nationals of the United States against the under section 202(a) of the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended, for 20 21 losses which occurred as a direct consequence of special measures directed SETTLEMENT PERIOD against such property in any area covered under this title. SEC. 609. The Commission shall complete its affairs in connection CONSOLIDATED AWARDS with the settlement of claims pursuant to this title not later than three years following the final date for the filing of claims as provided in section SEC. 606. With respect to any claim under section 602 of this title 602 of this title. which, at the time of the award, is vested in persons other than the person TRANSFER OF RECORDS by whom the original loss was sustained, the Commission shall assue a consolidated award in favor of all claimants then entitled thereto, which SEC. 610. The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to transfer award shall indicate the respective interests of such claimants therein, or otherwise make available to the Commission such records and docu- and all such claimants shall participate, in proportion to their indicated ments relating to claims authorized by this title as may be required by the interests, in any payments that may be made under this title in all respects Commission in carrying out its functions under this title. as if the award had been in favor of a single person. APPROPRIATIONS CLAIMS FUND SEC. 611. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums SEC. 607. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to as may be necessary to enable the Commission and the Treasury Depart- establish in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be designated the ment to pay their respective administrative expenses incurred in carrying Claims Fund as defined under 601(5) for the payment of unsatisfied out their functions under this title. claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic FEES FOR SERVICES Republic as authorized in this title. (b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall deduct from any amounts SEC. 612. No remuneration on account of services rendered on behalf covered into the Claims Fund, an amount equal to 5 per centum thereof of any claimant, in connection with any claim filed with the Commission as reimbursement to the Government of the United States for expenses under this title, shall exceed 10 per centum of the total amount paid pur- incurred by the Commission and by the Treasury Department in the suant to any award certified under the provisions of this title on account administration of this title. The amounts so deducted shall be covered into of such claims. Any agreement to the contrary shall be unlawful and void. the Treasury to the credit of miscellaneous receipts. Whoever, in the United States or elsewhere demands or receives, on account of services so rendered, any remuneration in excess of the maxi- AWARD PAYMENT PROCEDURES mum permitted by this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, SEC. 608. (a) The Commission shall certify to the Secretary of the upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or im- Treasury, in terms of United States currency, each award made pursuant prisoned not more than twelve months, or both. to section 602 of this title. APPLICATION OF OTHER LAWS (b) Upon certification of such award, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed, out of the sums covered into the Claims Fund, to SEC. 613. To the extent they are not inconsistent with the provisions make payments on account of such awards as follows, and in the following of this title, the following provisions of title I of the Act shall be applicable order of priority: to this title: subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), (h), and (j) of section 4; sub- (1) payment in full of the principal amount of each award of sections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 7. $1,000 or less; (2) payment in the amount of $1,000 on account of the principal SEPARABILITY amount of each award of more than $1,000 in principal amount; SEC. 614. If any provisions of this Act or the application thereof to (3) thereafter, payments from time to time, in ratable proportions, on account of the unpaid balance of the principal amounts of all any person or circumstances shall be held invalid, the remainder of the Act or the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances awards according to the proportions which the unpaid balance of shall not be affected. such awards bear to the total amount in the fund available for dis- tribution at the time such payments are made; (4) after payment has been made in full of the principal amounts of all awards, pro rata payments may be made on account of any interest that may be allowed on such awards; (5) payments or applications for payments shall be made in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. CORRECTED SHEET S. 3621 Ainety-fourth Congress of the United States of America AT THE SECOND SESSION Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the nineteenth day of January, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-six An Act To amend the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 to provide for the determination of the validity and amounts of claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Interna- tional Claims Settlement Act of 1949, as amended, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new title: "TITLE VI "PURPOSE OF TITLE "SEC. 600. It is the purpose of this title to provide for the determina- tion of the validity and amounts of outstanding claims against the German Democratic Republic which arose out of the nationalization, expropriation, or other taking of (or special measures directed against) property interests of nationals of the United States. This title shall not be construed as authorizing or as any intention to authorize an appropriation by the United States for the purpose of paying such claims. "DEFINITIONS "SEC. 601. As used in this title- "(1) The term 'national of the United States' means- (a) a natural person who is a citizen of the United States; (b) a corporation or other legal entity which is organized under the laws of the United States or of any State, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, if natural persons who are citizens of the United States own, directly or indirectly, 50 per centum or more of the outstanding capital stock or other beneficial interest of such corporation or entity. The term does not include aliens. (2) The term 'Commission' means the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States. "(3) The term 'property' means any property, right, or interest, including any leasehold interest, and debts owed by enterprises which have been nationalized, expropriated, or taken by the German Demo- cratic Republic for which no restoration or no adequate compensation has been made to the former owners of such property. "(4) The term 'German Democratic Republic' includes the govern- ment of any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof or under its control. (5) The term 'Claims Fund' is the special fund established in the Treasury of the United States composed of such sums as may be paid to the United States by the German Democratic Republic pursuant to the terms of any agreement settling such claims that may be entered into by the Governments of the United States and the German Democratic Republic. S. 3621-2 "RECEIPT AND DETERMINATION OF CLAIMS "SEC. 602. The Commission shall receive and determine in accord- ance with applicable substantive law, including international law, the validity and amounts of claims by nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic for losses arising as a result of the nationalization, expropriation, or other taking of (or special measures directed against) property, including any rights or interests therein, owned wholly or partially, directly or indirectly, at the time by nationals of the United States whether such losses occurred in the German Democratic Republic or in East Berlin. Such claims must be submitted to the Commission within the period specified by the Com- mission by notice published in the Federal Register (which period shall not be more than twelve months after such publication) within sixty days after the enactment of this title or of legislation making appropriations to the Commission for payment of administrative expenses incurred in carrying out its functions under this title, which- ever date is later. "OWNERSHIP OF CLAIMS "SEC. 603. A claim shall not be favorably considered under section 602 of this title unless the property right on which it is based was owned, wholly or partially, directly or indirectly, by a national of the United States on the date of loss and if favorably considered, the claim shall be considered only if it has been held by one or more nationals of the United States continuously from the date that the loss occurred until the date of filing with the Commission. "CORPORATE CLAIMS "SEC. 604. (a) A claim under section 602 of this title based upon an ownership interest in any corporation, association, or other entity which is a national of the United States, shall not be considered. À claim under section 602 of this title based upon a debt or other obliga- tion owing by any corporation, association, or other entity organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall be considered only when such debt or other obligation is a charge on property which has been nationalized, expropriated, or taken by the German Democratic Republic. "(b) A claim under section 602 of this title based upon a direct ownership interest in a corporation, association, or other entity for loss, shall be considered subject to the provisions of this title, if such corporation, association or other entity on the date of the loss was not a national of the United States, without regard to the per centum of ownership vested in the claimant. "(c) A claim under section 602 of this title for losses based upon an indirect ownership interest in a corporation, association, or other entity, shall be considered, subject to the other provisions of this title, only if at least 25 per centum of the entire ownership interest thereof, at the time of such loss, was vested in nationals of the United States. (d) The amount of any claim covered by subsections (b) or (c) of this section shall be calculated on the basis of the total loss suffered by such corporation, association, or other entity, and shall bear the same proportion to such loss as the ownership interest of the claimant at the time of loss bears to the entire ownership interest thereof. CORRECTED S. 3621-3 "OFFSETS "SEC. 605. In determining the amount of any claim, the Commission shall deduct all amounts the claimant has received from any source on account of the same loss or losses, including any amount claimant received under section 202(a) of the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended, for losses which occurred as a direct consequence of special measures directed against such property in any area covered under this title. "CONSOLIDATED AWARDS "SEC. 606. With respect to any claim under section 602 of this title which, at the time of the award, is vested in persons other than the person by whom the original loss was sustained, the Commission shall issue a consolidated award in favor of all claimants then entitled thereto, which award shall indicate the respective interests of such claimants therein, and all such claimants shall participate, in propor- tion to their indicated interests, in any payments that may be made under this title in all respects as if the award had been in favor of a single person. "CLAIMS FUND "SEC. 607. (a) The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to establish in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be designated the Claims Fund as defined under section 601 (5) for the payment of unsatisfied claims of nationals of the United States against the German Democratic Republic as authorized in this title. "(b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall deduct from any amounts covered into the Claims Fund, an amount equal to 5 per centum thereof as reimbursement to the Government of the United States for expenses incurred by the Commission and by the Treasury Department in the administration of this title. The amounts SO deducted shall be covered into the Treasury to the credit of miscellaneous receipts. "AWARD PAYMENT PROCEDURES "SEC. 608. (a) The Commission shall certify to the Secretary of the Treasury, in terms of United States currency, each award made pur- suant to section 602 of this title. "(b) Upon certification of such award, the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed, out of the sums covered into the Claims Fund, to make payments on account of such awards as follows, and in the following order of priority: "(1) payment in full of the principal amount of each award of $1,000 or less (2) payment in the amount of $1,000 on account of the prin- cipal amount of each award of more than $1,000 in principal amount; "(3) thereafter, payments from time to time, in ratable propor- tions, on account of the unpaid balance of the principal amounts of all awards according to the proportions which the unpaid balance of such awards bear to the total amount in the fund available for distribution at the time such payments are made; "(4) after payment has been made in full of the principal amounts of all awards, pro rata payments may be made on account of any interest that may be allowed on such awards; con S. 3621-4 "(5) payments or applications for payments shall be made in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. "SETTLEMENT PERIOD "SEC. 609. The Commission shall complete its affairs in connection with the settlement of claims pursuant to this title not later than three years following the final date for the filing of claims as provided in section 602 of this title. "TRANSFER OF RECORDS "SEC. 610. The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to transfer or otherwise make available to the Commission such records and documents relating to claims authorized by this title as may be required by the Commission in carrying out its functions under this title. "APPROPRIATIONS "SEC. 611. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to enable the Commission and the Treasury Department of pay their respective administrative expenses incurred in carrying out their functions under this title. "FEES FOR SERVICES "SEC. 612. No remuneration on account of services rendered on be- half of any claimant, in connection with any claim filed with the Com- mission under this title, shall exceed 10 per centum of the total amount paid pursuant to any award certified under the provisions of this title on account of such claims. Any agreement to the contrary shall be unlawful and void. Whoever, in the United States or elsewhere demands or receives, on account of services SO rendered, any remunera- tion in excess of the maximum permitted by this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than twelve months, or both. "APPLICATION OF OTHER LAWS "SEC. 613. To the extent they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this title, the following provisions of title I of the Act shall be applicable to this title: subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), (h), and (j) of section 4; subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f) of section 7. "SEPARABILITY "SEc. 614. If any provisions of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstances shall be held invalid, the remainder of the Act or the application of such provision to other persons or cir- cumstances shall not be affected. "PROTESTS "Sec. 615. Notwithstanding the provision of sections 210 and 211 of the War Claims Act of 1948 (Act of July 3, 1948), as amended by Public Law 87-846, the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission estab- lished by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1954 (68 Stat. 1279) is author- ized and directed to receive and consider protests relating to awards made by the Commission during the ten calendar days immediately CORRECTED CHEET S. 3621-5 preceding the expiration of the Commission's mandate to make such awards on May 17, 1967. Any such protests must be filed within ninety days after notice of the enactment of this provision is filed with and published in the Federal Register, which shall take place within thirty days of enactment. Such protests may include the submission of new evidence not previously before the Commission, and shall be acted upon within thirty days after receipt by the Commission. The Commission may modify awards made during the subject period in accordance with the procedures established by the War Claims Act of 1948, and any increases in awards determined to be appropriated by the Commission shall be certified to and paid by the Secretary of the Treasury out of funds which are now or may hereafter become available in the War Claims Fund in accordance with section 213 of the Act.". Speaker of the House of Representatives. Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.