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{
    "localId": "1489620",
    "label": "8/2-3/75 - Bucharest",
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    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1489620"
}

{
    "id": "1489620",
    "sourceUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1489620",
    "contentType": "document",
    "title": "8/2-3/75 - Bucharest",
    "citationUrl": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1489620",
    "collections": [
        "Sheila R. Weidenfeld Files (Ford Administration)",
        "Sheila Weidenfeld's Trip Files"
    ],
    "subjects": [
        "Romania",
        "President (1974-1977 : Ford). Office of the First Lady. 1974-1977",
        "Voyages and travels"
    ],
    "iiifBase": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/ford/grf-0126/644394/1489620.pdf",
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    "source": "import",
    "hasTranscription": false
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    "url": "https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1489620",
    "naId": 1489620,
    "coverageEndDate": {
        "logicalDate": "1975-08-31",
        "month": 8,
        "year": 1975
    },
    "coverageStartDate": {
        "logicalDate": "1975-08-01",
        "month": 8,
        "year": 1975
    },
    "levelOfDescription": "fileUnit",
    "recordType": "description",
    "ocrSource": "nara-archive"
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{
    "seq": 1,
    "pageIndex": 0,
    "type": "document",
    "url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/ford/grf-0126/644394/1489620.pdf",
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    "ocrText": "The original documents are located in Box 18, folder \"8/2-3/75 - Bucharest\" of the\nSheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.\nCopyright Notice\nThe copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of\nphotocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United\nStates of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.\nWorks prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public\ndomain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to\nremain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid\ncopyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.\n08V L6MB\nDigitized from Box 18 of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files\nGam at the Gerald bf R. Ford ac Presidential pres Library to\n02-108\nRECEIVED\nBA Sinaia (1½) )\nLINE\nGrk Orth service\nGuest House Servi Se\n11:30, of + mc to peles\ncastle (10 mins)\nHELAWHED ЛОПВ cvrr\nwrr CVIT vevin\n18 waiting MATTING 10 SEE on\n1:15 lun cheon\nOF\n2:30 Rom folk dances\nJon MEDE CVITED BA-\nvon MEBE AIBILED BA--\n3 concl\nFORD\n101\nWEWENVUDOW BYS 3\nOL dep Senar\nLIBRARY\n5' 105 pm deps ceremons\n5:20\ndep\nMEMORANDUM\nOF CALL\nTO:\nare\nYOU WERE CALLED BY-\nYOU WERE VISITED BY-\nOF (Organization)\nyour\nPHONE NO.\nPLEASE CALL\nCODE/EXT.\nWILL CALL AGAIN\nIS WAITING TO SEE YOU\nRETURNED YOUR CALL\nWISHES AN APPOINTMENT\nMESSAGE\n11:30' bryoo\nfamor 26vm 75\nwive ,Hro\nRECEIVED BY\nDATE\nTIME\nSTANDARD FORM 63\nGPO :1969-o48-16-80341-1 332-889\n63-108\nREVISED AUGUST 1967\nGSA FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11.6\nROMANIA 124040\nEmbassy: 7-9 TudorAusghezi\nbucharest, romania\nx17\nMR. Ford contact: DICK SCISSORS 12-00-58\nIncs\nAshley wills (press)\n\"aury\" Fernandez - pao\nAmbassador: Harry 6. Barnes DCM: DICK Viets\nSchedule\nLeads\nJohn Gilden mary\nFisher\nBob Caughey\nFORD & GIVE LIBRA\nKen Pabula\nJim Walsh\nmike Hoffman\nJohn Druglinger\nAMERICAN EMBASSY\nBUCHAREST, ROMANIA\nKEY TELEPHONE NUMBERS\nEmbassy Switchboard\n12-40-40\nHome\nTelephone\nEmbassy\nNumbers\nExtension\nAmbassador Harry G. Barnes, Jr.\n18-01-54\n10\nDeputy Chief of Mission Richard N. Viets\n33-04-16\n12\nDefense/Army Attache Col. Wyatt J. Mitchell\n33-75-96\n36\nAir Attache Maj. Nicholas P. Costa, Jr.\n.....\n17-76-61\n36\nPolitical Officer Edward A. Mainland\n12-35-50\n38\nEcon/Commercial Officer Richard C. Scissors.. 12-00-58\n17\nVice Consul Jean Gunther\n15-80-22\n39\nAdministrative Officer H. Clarke Rodgers\n....\n33-22-10\n24\nPublic Affairs Officer Aurelius Fernandez ...\n11-25-25\n21\nInformation Officer Ashley Wills\n12-00-95\n26\nNurse Catherine Chaddic\n50-41-70\n33\nLIBRARY DERAL\nVV FHT070EHV932 CONFIDENTIAL AMEMBASSY BONN\nPP RUFHOL\nDE RUDKAR #3554 2070959\nENY CCCCC ZZH\n0 2609272 JUL 75\nFM AMEMBASSY BUCHAREST\nIMMEDIATE\nTO AMEMBASSY BONN IMMEDIATE 1526\nBT\nAT2 GO F I E I L BUCHAREST 3554\nBONN FOR PATTY MATSON, MRS. FORD'S PRESS OFFICE\nANV-18\nACTION\nAMB\n1\nE.O. TAGS: 11652: OVIP (FORD, GDS GERALD R.) 1151 AH\nDCM\n1\nSUBJ: PRESIDENTIAL VISIT -- SITES BACKGROUNDERS FOR AMERICAN PRESS\nPOL\nin\nPOLMIL\nFOLLOWING SENT WHITE HOUSE, STATE INFO USIA BEING PASSED TO YOU\nECON\n4\nFOR YOUR INFO\nCON\nC 0 NFIDENTIA L BUCHAREST 3486\nADM\n3\nWHITE HOUSE FOR PRESS OFFICE\nPER\n1\nSTATE FOR A/O\nB&F\n1\nSY\n1\nE.O. 11652: GDS\nCRO\nTAGS: OVIP\nCOM\nSUBJ: PRESIDENTIAL VISIT - SITES BACKGROUNDERS FOR AMERICAN PRESS\nBAX\nGSO\n1\n1. FOLLOWING ARE BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF SITES OF PRESIDENTIAL\nTR\nACTIVITY DURING VISIT; SCHEDULE HAS NOT BEEN FIRMED UP AND\nRCO\nSITES D THROUGH G BELOW MAY NOT BE INCLUDED IN FINAL PROGRAM:\nUSIS\n(\nOCA\n3 A. SAT AUG 2. OTOPENI AIRPORT AND MOTORCADE ROUTE -\nLEGAT\nWHERE THE PRESIDENT'S PLANE WILL LAND. OTOPENI AIRPORT\nDAO\nWAS COMPLETED JUST PRIOR TO THE VISIT OF FORMER PRESI-\nMAAG\n1 1 DENT NIXON IN 1969. LOCATED 14 KM FROM THE CENTER OF\nMLO\n2 BUCHAREST, OTOPENI IS ONE OF THE MOST MODERN AIR-\nRDLB\nPORTS IN EASTERN EUROPE.\nRAFLO\nTHE PRESIDENT'S MOTORCADE WILL MOVE DIRECTLY FROM\nMBT\nTHE AIRPORT TARMAC ONTO HIGHWAY E-15, THE PRINCIPAL\nAFPLD\nROAD LINK BETWEEN BUCHAREST AND PLOIESTI. COMING INTO\nEUPLD\n(1) PIATA SCINTEII (LITERALLY SPARK SQUARE) - IS\nPOLAD\ns/s\n15\nLOCATED IMMEDIATELY IN FRONT OF THE IMPOSING\nSCINTEIA BUILDING, A GIFT OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT\nusss\nI\nTO THE ROMANIAN PEOPLE AND SEAT OF BUCHAREST'S\nPRINCIPAL PUBLISHING, CULTURAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ORGAN-\nIZATIONS. THE MOTORCADE MAY STOP HERE SO THAT THE\nGREATE\nPRESIDENT MAY RECEIVE THE KEYS TO THE CITY.RH\nLIBRARY\n(2) ARC DE TRIOMPHE (AR\nCH OF TRIUMPH) WAS COPIED AFTER THE\nCRU\n1\nFRENCH ORIGINAL AND SYMBOLIZES THE INFLUENCE OF FRENCH CULTURE\nON ROMANIA.\nB. SPRING PALACE - WHERE THE PRESIDENT WILL STAY. THE\nSPRING PALACE WAS BUILT IN THE MIDDLE SIXTIES SPECIFICALLY\nTO HOUSE VISITING HEADS OF STATE. IT IS LOCATED IN A\nCONFIDENTIAL\nDAD, 3/25/86\nIVI\nPage 2 Control 5044\nCONFIDENTIAL\namembassy BONN\nTIGHTLY CONTROLLED COMPOUND OF HOMES AND OFFICIAL RESIDENCES\nINCLUDING PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU'S. THE SPRING PALACE\nBORDERS LAKE FLOREASCA, ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL OF\nBUCHAREST'S MANY LAKES. THE CITY IS IN FACT KNOWN AS\nTHE \"CITY OF LAKES.\"\nC. COUNCIL OF STATE - WHERE DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THE\nTWO PRESIDENTS WILL TAKE PLACE WHEN THEY ARE IN BUCHAREST.\nTHE COUNCIL IS LOCATED IN THE PALACE OF THE REPUBLIC ON\nGHEORGHE GHORGHIU-DEJ SQUARE. THE PALACE ALSO HOUSES THE\nNATIONAL MUSEUM OF ART. THE PALACE WAS BUILT BETWEEN\n1930 AND 1937, ON THE SITE OF A GRAND BOYAR'S 19TH CENT-\nURY TOWN HOUSE AND THE RESIDENCE OF UNITED ROMANIA'S\nFIRST LEADER, ALEXANDER CUZA. THE MODERN PALACE SERVED\nAS A ROYAL RESIDENCE UNTIL 1944. IT WAS HERE THAT THE\nAUGUST 23, 1944 UPRISING AGAINST THE FASCIST GOVERNMENT\nENDED SUCCESSFULLY, AND WHERE IN 1947 THE END OF THE\nMONARCHY WAS OFFICIALLY PROCALIMED. THE PALACE IS BUILT\nIN A U-SHAPE, IN CEOCLASSICAL STYLE. THE COUNCIL OF\nSTATE IS LOCATED IN THE RIGHT WING AS YOU FACE THE BUILDING.\nD. SUN AUG 3 OPTIONAL PROGRAM 1. TRAIN ROUTE FROM\nBUCHAREST TO SINAIA - COVERS A DISTANCE OF 127 KM. THE\nTRAIN WILL PASS THROUGH GENTLY SLOPING PLAINS TO THE\nCITY OF PLOIESTI, ROMANIA'S LEADING OIL REFINING CENTER.\nPLOIESTI WAS BOMBED BY AMERICAN AND ENGLISH PLANES DURING\nWW II, SINCE IT WAS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT GERMAN\nSOURCES OF OIL. THE TRAIN WILL PASS WITHIN SIGHT OF THE\nLARGEST OIL REFINING COMPLEX IN EUROPE. ABOUT 30 KM\nBEYOND PLOIESTI, THE TRAIN WILL BEGIN ASCENDING INTO THE\nPRAHOVA VALLEY, ONE OF THE MOST PICTURESQUE IN ROMANIA.\nTHE ENTIRE TRAIN TRIP SHOULD LAST APPROXIMATELY ONE HOUR\nAND A HALF.\nE. SINAIA AND PELES CASTLE - WHERE THE TWO PRESIDENTS\nWILL SPEND SUNDAY MORNING IF THIS OPTION CHOSEN. SINAIA IS AN OLD\nAND BEAUTIFUL ALPINE RESORT, WHERE 19TH CENTURY NOBLES FROM ALL\nOVER SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE USED TO SPEND THEIR SUMMERS. IT\nIS LOCATED AT A HEIGHT OF ABOUT 1500 FEET, AT THE BASE\nOF THE BUCEGI MOUNTAINS. PELES CASTLE, WHICH THE TWO\nPRESIDENTS WILL TOUR, IS A GERMAN RENNAISANCE STRUCTURE\nBUILT BY THE HOHENZOLLERNS BETWEEN 1875 AND 1883. THE CASTLE\nIS NOTEWORTHY FOR ITS INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR WOOD CARV-\nINGS, AND FOR THE DIVERSITY OF STYLES USED IN THE\nPRINCIPAL CHAMBERS. THESE INCLUDE ITALIAN AND ENGLISH\nRENAISSANCE, BAROQUE, ROCOCCO, MOORISH, AND BYZANTINE.\nTHE CASTLE HAS 160 ROOMS, AND CONTAINS EXHIBITS OF\nANCIENT WEAPONS, ORIENTAL CARPETS, STAINED GLASS WINDOWS\nAND TAPESTRIES AND FURNITURE OF VARIOUS PERIODS.\nTHE PELES CASTLE STANDS IN THE MIDDLE OF SIX HECTARES\nOF A TERRACED PARK. NEAR PELES IS THE PELISOR CASTLE,\nWHERE DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN THE TWO PRESIDENTS WILL TAKE\nCONFIDENTIAL\nTELEORAM\nPage 3 Control 5044\nCONFIDENTIAL\nAMEMBASSY BONN\nPLACE. THIS CASTLE WAS BUILT BETWEEN 1899 AND 1903, ALSO\nIN THE GERMAN RENAISSANCE STYLE. IT IS SMALLER THAN\nPELES, HAVING A MERE 70 ROOMS.\nF. SUN AUG 3 OPTIONAL PROGRAM 2.\nAMERICAN LIBRARY -- A FACT SHEET ON THE AMERICAN\nLIBRARY WILL BE PLACED IN EACH JOURNALIST'S PRESS KIT,\nWHICH WILL BE GIVEN OUT UPON ARRIVAL IN BUCHAREST. THE\nLIBRARY WAS OPENED IN 1972 PURSUANT TO AN UNDERSTANDING\nSIGNED DURING PRESIDENT NIXON'S 1969 VISIT\nTO ROMANIA.\nG. UNITY MARKET -- WHERE THE PRESIDENT WILL TOUR A\nTYPICAL ROMANIAN OUTDOOR MARKET. THIS PARTICULAR ONE\nIS AMONG THE OLDEST IN BUCHAREST, DATING FROM THE\n16TH CENTURY. THE MARKET IS PARTICULARLY BUSY AND\nPICTURESQUE ON SUNDAY MORNINGS, WHEN THOUSANDS OF\nROMANIANS MILL ABOUT THE VEGETABLE STANDS AND ARTISTS'\nBOOTHS.\nNEXT TO THE MARKET IS MANUC'S INN, A BEAUTIFULLY\nRESTORED 19TH CENTURY HUNTING LODGE WHICH HAS BEEN\nCONVERTED INTO A RESTAURANT ANDHOTEL WHERE THE PRESI-\nDENT AND MRS FORD WILL SEE A FOLK DANCING TROUPE PER-\nFORM IN THE LARGE INTERIOR COURTYARD.\n2. WISH TO REPEAT SCHEDULE STILL NOT FIRMED UP AND SITES D.\nTHROUGH G. MAY NOT BE INVOLVED IN PROGRAM. MOTORCADE ROUTE\nCOUNCIL OF STATE AND SPRING PALACE WILL BE IN FINAL SCHEDULE\nIN ANY CASE.\n3. N.B. THIS MESSAGE IS CLASSIFIED OWING TO REFERENCES\nTO PRESIDENTIAL SCHEDULE STILL UNDER DISCUSSION.\nDESCRIPTIVE DATA ON INDIVIDUAL SITES CAN BE TREATED AS\nUNCLASSIFIED IF NOT TIED TO PRESIDENTIAL SCHEDULE. ARNES\nBT\n#3554\nFORD LIBRARY\nCONFIDENTIAL\nTELEGRAMINCOMING\nMEDIATE 00 RUFHOL\nCONFIDENTIAL -\nAMEMBASSY\nBONN\nVV FHU409EHR997\n004740\nDE RUDKAR #3525 2060742\nZNY CCCCC ZZH\n0 250705Z JUL 75 ZFF4 5085\nFM AMEMBASSY BUCHRESTS\n16-AWS\nTO AMEMBASSY BONN IMMEDIATE 1523\nBT\nIMMEDIATE:\nC ONFIDENTIA L BUCHAREST 3525\nCTION DV\nFOR WHITE HOUSE ADVANCE PARTY\nMB\nJUL 25 9 56 AM '75\ncM\n1\nE.O. 11652: GDS\nOL\n3\nTAGS: OVIP (GERALD FORD)\nDLMIL\nSUBJECT: PROPOSED SCHEDULE- DEPARTURE FROM SINAIA\nCON\n4\n:ON\nIT SEEMS AS THOUGH THERE MAY BE DIFFICULTY\nIDM\n3\nUSING HELICOPTERS IN SINAIA. THEREFORE, WE\nARE FORWARDING PROPOSED SCHEDULE BASED ON RETURN\nER\nFROM SINAIA BY TRAIN. WE DO HAVE SCHEDULE LOCALLY\nI&F\nIN THE EVENT HELICOPTERS ARE USED. DEPARTURE TIME\niY\nFROM SINAIA DOES NOT VARY SIGNIFICANTLY:\n:RO\n:OM\nPROPOSED SCHEDULE\nIAX\nSSO\n/\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD'S VISIT TO\nR\nSINAIA, ROMANIA\nICO\nUSIS\n1\nAUGUST 3, 19.75\nDCA\n3\n.EGAT\n8:30 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD MOTO\n3AO\nMAAG\nI\nZADE AT SPRING PALACE.\nMLO\n2\nPRESS POOL COVERAGE\nRDLB\nMOTORCADE DEPARTS SPRING PALACE EN ROUTE AMBASSADOR'S RESIDENCE.\nRAFLO\nMBT\n(DRIVING TIME: 5 MINUTES)\nAFPLD\nEUPLD\n8:35 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES AMBASSADOR'S RESIDENCE.\nPOLAD\nS/S\nS/S 2\n2\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:\nLSS/\nAMBASSADOR HARRY PARNES\nPRESS POOL COVERAGE\nIMMEDIATE SERIAL FORD CIBTARY\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY\nAMBASSADOR BARNES, PROCEED TO COURTYARD.\nCRU\n1\n8:36AM THE PRESIDENT, MRS. FORD AND AMBASSADOR BARNES. ARRIVE\nCOURTYARD TO GREET AMERICAN COMMUNITY.\n8:49 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD DEPART AMERICAN COMMUNITY\nRECEPTION EN ROUTE MOTORCADE FOR BOARDING.\nCONFIDENTIAL KR 3/25/86\nTELEGRAM INCOMING\nPage V Control 4740\nCONFIDENTIAL\nAMEMBASSY\nBONN\n8:50 AM MOTORCADE DEPARTS AMBASSADOR'S RESIDENCE EN ROUTE VIP\nTRAIN STATION.\n(DRIVING TIME: 5 MINUTES)\n8.55 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES VIP TRAIN STATION.\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:\nPRESIDENT AND MRS. NICOLAE CEAUSESCU\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.\nCEAUSESCU, PROCEED EN ROUTE\nTRAIN FOR BOARDING.\n9:00 AM TRAIN DEPARTS BUCHAREST EN ROUTE SINAIA.\n(TRAVELING TIME: 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES)\n10:30AM TRAIN ARRIVES SINAIA TRAIN STATION (VIP ENTRANCE).\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:\nLOCAL OFFICIALS\nOPEN PRESS COVERAGE\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.\nCEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO MOTORCADE FOR BOARDING.\n10:35 AM MOTORCADE DEPARTS SINAIA TRAIN STATION EN ROUTE GUEST\nHOUSE RESIDENCE VIA TOUR OF THE CITY.\n(DRIVING TIME: 15 MINUTES)\n10:50 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.\nPRESS POOL COVERAGE\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT A T MRS.\nCEAUSESCU, PROCEED INSIDE GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.\n11:00 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD MOTORCADE AT FRONT\nENTRANCE OF GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.\nMOTORCADE DEPARTS GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE EN ROUTE SINAIA\nMONASTARY.\n(DRIVING TIME: 5 MINUTES)\n11:05 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES SINAIA MONASTARY.\nFORD GERATE LIBRARY\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:\nCONFIDENTIAL\nTELEGRAM INCOMING\n3\n4740\nCONFIDENTIAL\nAMEMBASSY BONN\nPage\nControl\nOPEN PRESS COVERAGE\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY\nPROCEED INSIDE\nCHAPEL FOR GREEK ORTHODOX SERVICE\nIN PROGRESS.\n11:23 AM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD DEPART\nCHAPEL\nEN ROUTE MOTORCADE FOR BOARDING.\n11.25 AM MOTORCADE DEPARTS SINAIA MONASTARY EN ROUTE GUEST HOUSE\nRESIDENCE.\n(DRIVING TIME: 5 MINUTES)\n11:30 AM MOTORCADE ARRIVES GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD WILL BE MET BY:\nPRESIDENT AND MRS. CEAUSESCU\nPRESS POOL COVERAGE\n11:31 AM THE PRESIDENT, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU, PROCEEDS\nTO THE RECEPTION ROOM.\n11:31 AM MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY MRS. CEAUSESCU PROCEEDS ON FOOT\nTO PELES CASTLE.\n(QCLKING TIME: 10 MINUTES)\n11:33 AM THE PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU ARRIVE RECEPTION\nROOM FOR HEAD- TO-HEAD MEETING.\nPRESS POOL COVERAGE\n11:35 AM HEAD- TO-HEAD MEETING BEGINS.\nDURATION: 1 HOUR\n12:45 PM LUNCHEON GUESTS ARRIVE GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE.\n1:05 PM HEAD- (:9-HEAD MEETING CONCLUDES.\nTHE PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU PROCEED TO LUNCHEON ROOM\nWHERE THEY WILL BE JOINED BY MRS. FORD AND MRS. CEAUSESCU TO GREET\nGUESTS.\nPRESS POOL COVERAGE\nSERIAL FORD LIBRARY\n1.10 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.\nCEAUSESCU, ARE SEATED.\n1:15 PM LUNCHEON SERVICE BEGINS.\nCONFIDENTIAL\nTELEGRAM INCOMING\n4.\n4740\nPage\nControl\nCONFIDENTIAL\nAMEMBASSY BONN\n2:20 PM PRESIDENT CEAUSESCU OFFERS TOAST.\n2KCWT PM THE PRESIDENT OFFERS RESPONSE TOAST.\nPRESS POOL COVERAGE\n2:30 PM PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD ESCORTED BY PRESIJSNT AND MRS.\nCEAUSES CU, PROCEED TO VIEWING AREA FOR ROMANIAN FOLK DANCES.\n2:32 PM ROMANIAN FOLK DANCE ENTERTAINMENT BEGINS.\n3:00 PM ENTERTAINMENT CONCLUDES.\n3:00 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, AXCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.\nCEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO MOTORCADE FOR BOARDING.\n3:02 PM MOTORCADE DEPARTS GUEST HOUSE RESIDENCE EN ROUTE SINAIA\nTRAIN STATION.\n(DRIVING TIME: 8 MINUTES)\n3:10 PM MOTORCADE ARRIVES SINAIA TRAIN STATION.\nPRESS POOL COVERAGE\n3:14 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCGFQED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.\nCEAUSESCU, BOARD TRAIN.\n3:15 PM TRAIN DEPARTS SINAIA EN ROUTE BUCHAREST VIP TRAIN STATION.\n(TRAVELING TIME: 1 HOUR 25 MINUTES)\n4:40 PM TRAIN ARRIVES BUCHAREST VIP TRAIN STATION.\nOPEN PRESS COVERAGE\nTHE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS#6\n:3-73:7, PROCEED TO MO TO RCADE FOR BOARDING.\n4:41 PM MOTORCADE DEPARTS TRAIN STATION EN ROUTE OTOPENI AIRPORT.\n(DRIVING TIME: 19 MINUTES)\n5:00 PM MOTORCADE ARRIVES OTOPENI AIRPORT.\nOPEN PRESS COVERAGE\nCROWD SITUATION\nTHE PRESIDENT, MRS. FORD, PRESIDENT AND MRS.\nCEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO DEPARTURE CEREMONY.\nCONFIDENTIAL\nTELEGRAM INCOMING\nPage Control 4740\nCONFIDENTIAL\nAMEMBASSY BONN\n5:05 PM DEPARTURE CEREMONY BEGINS.\n5:15 PM DEPARTURE CEREMONY CONCLUDES.\n5:15 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD, ESCORTED BY PRESIDENT AND MRS.\nCEAUSESCU, PROCEED TO AIR FORCE ONE FOR BOARDING.\n5:20 PM THE PRESIDENT AND MRS. FORD BOARD AIR FORCE ONE.\nAIR FORCE ONE DEPARTS OTOPENI AIRPORT, BUCHAREST ROMANIA,\nEN ROUTE BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA.\nBT\n#3525\nDEPARTO FORD LIBRARY\nCONFIDENTIAL\nCITY Bucharest\nSat,\nSun,\nDATES OF VISIT aug2 - aug 3\nSignal tel. #\nProbable weather: mid to high 80s, very humid\nEvents we'll have:\nYou'll be staying:\nMrs. Ford will be: The Guest House.\nAmbassador's wife: mrs. harry barnes (will be out of the city)\nWife of head of state: mrs. nicolae ceausescu (elena)\nSTAFF LOCATIONS\nPatti\nPete\nCarolyn\nMary Lou\nKarl\nJeanne\nDick\nPRESS INFORMATION\nPress hotel Intercontinental\npress center location Intercontinental, Ronda ballroom- First floor\nstaff room tel #\nAP\nUPI\nNetwork Pool coordntr\nUSIS message center\nSEAL R. FORD LIBRARY\nKEY CONTACTS\nADVANCE TEAM\nMrs. Ford DICK Scissors\nlead John Gildea\nJack Ford DICK Scissors\npress Michael Hoffman\nPress Auri Fernandez,\npress trnsptn John Dreylinges\nashley Wills\nWHCA Ken Pakula\nUSSS Bob Caughey\npjm\nState Jim Walsh\nPROPOSED SCHEDULE\nMRS. FORD\nA.) OPTION I\nSaturday, August 2\n1545\nArrival at airport\n3:45\n*\nAirport ceremony\n1630\nDepart airport for motorcade\n1715\nArrival at guest house\nPresident and Mrs. Ceausescu remain for 15 minutes\n1730\nFree time\n2100\n*\nSupper given by President and Mrs. Ceausescu\n(Entertainment - songs by Romanian choral group\nand American Ambassadors for Friendship\nchoral group.)\nB.) OPTION II\n1545\nArrival at airport\nAirport ceremony\n1630\nDepart airport for motorcade\n1715\nArrival at guest house\nPresident and Mrs. Ceausescu remain for 15 minutes\n1745\nDepart for visit to Village Museum or childcare center\n1900\nReturn to guest house\nFree time\n2100\nSupper given by President and Mrs. Ceausescu\n(Entertainment - songs by Romanian choral group\nand American Ambassadors for Friendship\nchoral group.)\nSTATE\nLIBRARY\nPROPOSED SCHEDULE\nMRS. FORD\n2\nSunday, August 3rd\n(Depending on Mrs. Ford's wishes visits could\nbe arranged to one or more of the following: Folkore Museum\nBucur Church and Radu Voicu Monastery, the Antim\nMonastery, the National Theatre or a dance class\nrehearsal if one is in session.)\nA.) OPTION I\nIn Bucharest\n1000\nVisit the Village Museum (if not done previous day)\n1100\nDepart Village Museum for the Piata Unire\n1115\nArrive at the Piata Unire\nTour the market place and the Curtea Veche church\n1200\nAttend folkmusic dances at Hanu lui Manuc\n>\n(Joined by President Ford)\n1230\nDepart for luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford\n1300\nLuncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford\n1440\nMotorcade to airport\n1530\nDeparture\nB.) OPTION II\nIn Snagov\n0900\nDepart for Urziceni (by helicopter)\nSERVICE FORD IDEANY\n0930\nArrival in Urziceni\nVisit to area heavily damaged by recent flood\nPROPOSED SCHEDULE\nMRS. FORD\n3\n1015\nDepart for Snagov (by helicopter)\n1045\nArrive in Snagov\n1115\nTour Snagov Monastery (with President Ford)\n1215\nReturn to Bucharest\n1245\nAttend meeting of President with American community\nand Embassy employees (possibly in Residence garden)\n1300\nAttend luncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford\n1440\nMotorcade to airport\n1530\nDeparture\nC.) OPTION III\nIn Sinaia\n0815\nDepart for Sinaia (by helicopter)\n0900\nArrive in Sinaia\nWalking tour of city\n1115\nTour of Peles Castle\n1200\nDepart for Bucharest\n1245\nMeeting with American community / and Embassy\nemployees (possibly in Residence garden)\n1300\nLuncheon hosted by President and Mrs. Ford\nGERAU FORD LIBRARY\n1440\nMotorcade to airport\n1530\nDeparture\nPatty\nCITY\nBUCHAREST\nDates of Visit August 2 - - 3\nU.S. EMBASSY\nAmbassador Harry G. Barnes, Jr.\nTelephone # 12-40-40 (switchboard)\nDCM Richard Viets\nTelephone #\nPAO Auerilius Fernandez (Auri)\nTelephone #\nAddress\nAshley Wills - Information Officer Joel Levy-Public Affairs (transportation)\nClark Rogers - Administration (hotels)\nADVANCE TEAM\nLead John Gildea\nUSSS\nBob Caughey\nWHCA Ken Pekula\nAide\nPress Michael Hoffman\nJohn Dreylinger\nHOST COUNTRY OFFICIALS\nAgerpresse\nInformation Officer Tuiu (Sue-You)\nTelephone #\nmin.\" As%XsXXnt Rosianu & Rusu\nTelephone # 14-52-54 & 14-77-65\nSecretary/Other\nTelephone # respectively\nLocal TV contact\nTelephone #\nLocal Telephone contact\nTelephone #\nLocal Credentials Contact Ashley Wills\nTelephone # 2-40-40\nAddress\nAlso with Foreign Ministry is Rolulus Bene.\nHOTEL\nName Intercontinental\nGeneral Manager\nAddress 4 Nicolae Balcescu Blvd.\nPR Person\nTelephone # 13-70-40 or 14-04-00\nSecurity Officer\nCable\nTelex # 011-541-542\nPRESS CENTER\nLocation in Hotel Intercontinental Hotel - Ronda Ballroom, 1st floor.\nTelex location Intim Room 1st floor\nGREATE\nStaff Office Location Rapsodia Room, 1st floor\nBriefing Room (if different from press center)\nSecure Storage Room\nCITY BUCHAREST\nPRESS CENTER FACILITIES\nLong Distance Telephones\n20\nAre they broadcast quality?\nTelex\n15\nLimit on copy accepted?\nRunners\nCouriers\nFilm shipment arrangements\nPayment: Collect Calls?\nyes\nInternational credit cards?\nyes\ngoing through the local operators slows calls immesurably 1111\nCOURTESIES\nBar & flod will be available set up right outside the ballroom\nBar: Location\nHours of Operation\nGratis\nCash XXXXX\nFood: Availability\nHours of availability\nGratis\nCash XXXXX\nPlaces to eat in hotel restaurants in hotel but service is slow\nCurrency Exchange Desk: Hours of Operation Cashier at hotel-one exchange rate\nArrival\nDeparture for everyone.\nMessage Center: Hours of Operation\nPaging System yes\nSpecial phone # or thru hotel switchboard thru switchboard\nBulletin Board yes for messages & pos tings\nCheck cashing facilities: In Hotel\nAmerican Express nearby\nPrimarily for staff cashing perdiem checks.\nUSIS\nTransportation Officer Joel Levy\nTelephone # 12-40-40(switchboard)\nPress Center Officer Auri & Ashley\nTelephone\n#\nBaggage Officer Christian (?)\nTelephone\nHotel Officer Joel Levy & Ashley\nTelephone #\nRESPONSIBILITIES:\nBEFORE R. FORD LIBRARY\n1. Press Kits available.\n2. Interpreters available.\nYes\n3.\nBuses available.\nal.\n4.\nManning of wire machines, clip every half hour,\nput in folders marked:\n\"Domestic, \" \"Foreign, \" and \"President's Trip\" give to designated person\nin Press Secretary's office.\nCITY BUCHAREST\n5. Message Center.\n6. Make releases, postings and pool reports available on bulletin board and extras.\n7. Clocks, 2, Eastern time and Local time.\n8. Coordinate with Embassy personnel to send back to Washington information\nfor Press Books: Principle officials' bios; color background on places the\nPresident will visit, stay, and rooms in which meetings will be conducted.\n9. XEROX machines\n10. Press room lists made available\n11. Guest Lists.\n12. Menus.\n13. Motorpool dispatcher for Press Office (6 cars).\nCREDENTIALS REQUIREMENTS\nOnce again, we NEED lists of passport #'s,\nnationality of passport, Date of birth, organization\nPassports\nVisas hoping for \"block\"visas for press\n# of pictures required\nLocal country credentials yes-need list\n# of pictures required\nSpecial pool passes\nprobably\nWhite House press passes accepted yes-with other credentials\nThird country restrictions?\nAuri Fernandez needs the list of passports etc\nto be able to negotiate\nPOWER for the block visas at the airport and to work on getting credentials in advance.\nVolts/Cycle 220/50\nType of plug (number and shape of prongs) two pront round - they are recessed in\nConverters & adapter plugs available yes\nthe wall so\nshould bring special plug adapters.\nWEATHER\nTemperature: High 80's\nLow\n60's\nPercipitation outlook\nrain\nSpecial clothing considerations\nB.\nDRESS\nAny special dress requirements for press and/or Press Office staff?\nFormal wear for any pool events\nDark suit\nFORD LIBRAR\nCITY\nBUCHAREST\nAIRPORT\nOTOPENI AIRPORT\nWhere do press planes land\nHow do press get to press area:\nwalk\nbuses\nPress area location\nAirport Manager\nTelephone #\nAirport Security\nTelephone #\nFacilities:\nLong Distance telephones\n10\nTelex\nRunners/Couriers\nFilm Shipment\nCoverage\nCrowd situation expectation\nany efforts made\nUnusual requirements for cameras? dollies? moving?\nNames of greeters\nNames of welcoming groups (bands, honor guards etc.\n)\nMOTORCADE\nCrowd situation expectation\nNumber of press buses in motorcade hope to\nUSIS interpreter on each bus\nyes\nFINANCES (Who pays? White House, Local Government, USIS)\nPress Center\nWire machines (AP, UPI, Reuters)\nfood/bar\nPress Offices\nPool cars we negotiate\nBaggage trucks we negotiate\nBuses\nChoppers\nCommunications\nCamera platforms\nAll bills must receive White House approval before payment is made by USIS.\nCITY BUCHAREST\nTRANSPORTATION\nMotor Pool Cars (6)\nWire Cars\nCamera Cars\nBuses for 150\n4 - 2.5 ton baggage trucks\nAirplane crew minibuses\nSITE LOCATION\nSite address\nSite Contact\nTelephone #\nSite Contact\nTelephone #\nCamera platform\nLighting\nNumber of press allowed\nSize of pools\nRequest color background of meeting rooms (historic significance, description,\nsetting etc...) and places the President will visit.\n0\nLIBRARY BERALD FORD\"\nSUMMARY SCHEDULE\nDATE\nMRS. FORD\nJACK FORD\nSat 7/26\n8:45p\nArrive BONN\nArrive BONN\n9:30p\nArrive guest res. (Schloss\nArrive guest res. (Schloss\nGymnich)\nGymnich)\nNight tour of Cologne\nSun 7/27\nBoar hunt (3-6am)\n8:45a\nDepart guest res. w/President\n9:30a\nArrival Ceremony (Schaumberg)\n10:00a\nTea w/Mrs. Schmidt (Tea House)\nStaff time following at Schmidt\nResidence\n12:00n\nLunch w/Mrs. Scheel (Hammerschmidt)\nDepart guest res. enroute\nSchaumberg helopad\n1:30p\nDepart enroute guest res.\nDepart w/Pres to Ayers\n2:15p\nArrive guest res.\nKaserne (1:15-4:45p)\n6:35p\nDepart guest res. w/President\nDepart guest res. w/staff\n7:15p\nCourtesy Call on Scheels\n7:30p\nState Dinner, aboard boat\nState Dinner, aboard boat\nMon 7/28\n8:55a\nDepart guest res. w/President\nDepart guest res. w/Pres.\n9:45a\nDeparture Ceremony, at airport\nDeparture Ceremony,\n10:00a\nDepart BONN\nDepart BONN\n11:45a\nArrive WARSAW\nArrive WARSAW\nArrival Ceremony at airport\nArrival Ceremony\n1:00p\nArrive guest res. (Wilanow) &\nArrive guest res.\ncourtesy tea\n1:40p\nDepart guest res.\nDepart guest res.\n2:00p\nState Luncheon, at Council of\nState Luncheon\nMinisters Bldg. (ROMANIAN)\nTour of Old Town w/President\nTour of Old Town\n4:25p\nDepart enroute guest res.\nDepart enroute guest res.\n4:50p\nArrive guest res.\nArrive guest res.\n8:30p\nState Dinner, at Wilanow (US)\nPool party at Amb's res.\nPAGE 2\nDATE\nMRS. FORD\nJACK FORD\nTues 7/29\n8:35a\nDepart guest res. w/Pres.\n9:00a\nDepart Warsaw\nDepart Warsaw\n9:45a\nArrive KRAKOW\nArrive KRAKOW\n10:10a\nVisit Colegium Amius\nVisit Colegium Amius\n11:15a\nDepart enroute castle\nWalk over to Town Square\n11:20a\nArrive Wawel Castle\nStaff time til 12:30p\n12:30p\nLuncheon at Wawel Castle (US)\nLuncheon at Wawel Castle\n2:00p\nDepart castle w/Pres\nDepart castle w/Pres\n2:30p\nDeparture Ceremony, Krakow\nDeparture Ceremony\n2:35p\nDepart KRAKOW\nDepart KRAKOW\n6:00p\nArrive HELSINKI\nArrive HELSINKI\n6:50p\nArrive USEmb. res.\nArrive USEmb. res.\nWed 7/30\n11:50a\nDepart Emb. res. w/Pres\nDepart Emb. res. w/Pres\n12:00n\nOpening session CSCE, Finlandia\nOpening session CSCE,\nHall\nFinlandia Hall\n12:30p\nDepart Finlandia Hall\nDepart Finlandia Hall\n(7)\nOpen Afternoon\nTrip into the country\n7:50p\nDepart Emb. res:\n8:00p\nLadies Dinner, at Smolna.\nron - in the country\nThurs 7/31\n10:50a\nDepart Emb. res.\nReturn to Helsinki in am\n11:00a\nArrive City Hall for tour of\nHelsinki sites (Official\n(7)\nWomens Program)\n12:30p\nBoat ride\nSailing\n1:15p\nLunch at Walhalla (island restaurant)\n3:30p\nDepart by boat ride\n4:10p\nArrive Emb. res.\n7:30p/\nGovt' Reception w/Pres\nGov't Reception w/Pres.\n9:30p\nat Kalastajatorppa restaurant\nPAGE 3\nDATE\nMRS. FORD\nJACK FORD\nFri 8/1\n9:15a\nDepart Emb. res. w/Pres\nDepart Emb. res. w/Pres\n9:25a\nArrive Finlandia Hall\nArrive Finlandia Hall\n9:30a\nCSCE session\nCSCE session\n11:00a\nDepart Finlandia Hall\nDepart Finlandia Hall\nOpen Afternoon\nVisit to Forest Products\nCo.\nOpen Evening\nOpen Evening\nSat 8/2\n11:40a\nDepart Emb. res. w/Pres\nDepart Emb. res. w/Pres\n12:10p\nArrive airport\nArrive airport\n12:15p\nDepart HELSINKI\nDepart HELSINKI\n3:30p\nArrive BUCHAREST\nArrive BUCHAREST\nArrival Ceremony, at airport\nArrival Ceremony\n4:10p\nDepart for guest res. (Spring\nDepart for guest res.\nPalace)\n4:55p\nArrive guest res. & visit w/\nMrs. Ceausescu (til 5:15p)\n8:10p\nDepart guest res.\n8:20p\nState Dinner, at Palace of the\nRepublic\nMarine House in pm\nSun 8/3\nDepart guest res. w/Pres\ncable reference\nArrive USEmb. Res. for mtg w/\nEmbassy staff\nbucharest 3573\nDepart for SINAIA\nDepart for SINAIA\nArrive SINAIA\nArrive SINAIA\nMotor/walking tour & church\nMotor/walking tour &\np.2.\nvisit w/Pres\nChurch visit w/Pres\nsubj: David's PP 3 travels 13:15 Tour of castle\nKiss' of\nCOVEY\nPAGE 4\nDATE\nMRS. FORD\nJACK FORD\nSun 8/3 (cont)\nDepart SINAIA\nDepart SINAIA\nArrive Bucharest Airport\nArrive Bucharest Airport\nDepart BUCHAREST\nDepart BUCHAREST\n5:20p\nArrive BELGRADE\nArrive BELGRADE\nArrival Ceremony, at airport\nArrival Ceremony\n6:40p\nArrive guest res. (Old Palace)\nArrive guest res.\n8:45p\nDepart guest res.\nDepart guest res.\n8:55p\nArrive Fed. Office Building\nArrive Fed. Office Bldg.\n9:00p\nState Dinner, at Fed. Office\nState Dinner, at Red.\nBuilding\nOffice Bldg.\nMon 8/4\nWreath laying Ceremony\n(lla)\nLunch w/Madame Broz, at\nAttend Pres' working lunch\n5:25p\nDepart guest res. w/Pres\nDepart guest res. w/Pres.\n5:50p\nArrive airport\nArrive airport\nDeparture Ceremony\nDeparture Ceremony\n6:00p\nDepart BELGRADE enroute U.S.\nDepart BLEGRADE enroute US\nS. werdenfeldt\nAugust 2, 1975\n1701\n0145\nBUCHAREST, ROMANIA\nINTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL INFORMATION\nWelcome to the Intercontinental Hotel. We hope your\nstay will be *most enjoyable. If you have any questions\ncall Mr. Wayman in the State Control Room by dialing \"9\"\non the hotel phone and then asking for Room 1521, or by\nasking your White House operator for the \"Control Room. \"\nVISITORS\" CENTER\nFor your convenience, a visitors' center is located\nin Room 1522.\nROOM SERVICE\nRoom service is available 24 hours a day. Dial \"2\"\non the hotel phone in your room. English is spoken.\nMEALS IN HOTEL\nBreakfast\nLunch\nDinner\n6:30 am\n12:00 pm\nTRANSPORTATION\nDuring your stay in Bucharest, you will have use of\nassigned vehicle # Ask the White House operator for\nthe Intercontinental Dispatcher\" or dial \"9\" on the hotel\nphone and ask for \"2060.\"\nbackground\nnotes\nRomania\ndepartment of state\n*\napril 1975\nOFFICIAL NAME: Socialist Republic of Romania\nGEOGRAPHY\neastern regions of the middle Danube\nfor Russian expansion in the Balkans\nbasin. It lies on either side of the\nand the Mediterranean basin.\nExtending inland halfway across\nmountain system-the Carpathians and\nRomania's location gives it a def-\nthe Balkan Peninsula and covering a\nthe Transylvanian Alps-which forms,\ninitely continental climate, partic-\nlarge elliptical area of 91,699 square\nwith the Balkan Mountains, the nat-\nularly in the Old Kingdom (that part\nmiles, Romania occupies the greater\nural barrier between the two Danube\neast of the Carpathians and south of\npart of the V-shaped lower basin of\nbasins. In the past two centuries\nthe Transylvanian Alps), where tem-\nthe Danube River system and the hilly\nRomania has served as the natural gate\nperatures approximate the extremes of\nthe Russian climate, and to a lesser\ndegree in Transylvania, where the cli-\nPROFILE\nSupreme Court, county courts, people's\nmate is more moderate. A long and at\ncourts.\ntimes severe winter (December-March),\nGeography\nFLAG: Three vertical bands from left to\na hot summer (April-July), and a pro-\nright-blue for sky, yellow for wealth of soil,\nAREA: 91,699 sq. mi. (somewhat small-\nlonged autumn (August-November)-\nred for courage. Centered is a coat of arms\ner than N.Y. and Pa. combined). PERIM-\ndepicting mountain forest and wheat field,\nthese are the three principal seasons\nETER: Land 1,845 mi. Sea 140 mi. CAP-\nwith a red star atop the emblem.\nof the year. The change from winter to\nITAL: Bucharest (pop. 1.6 million).\nsummer is so rapid that there is very\nOTHER CITIES: Cluj (208,125), Timisoara\nEconomy\nlittle springtime. At Bucharest the\n(199,987), Iasi (193,998).\nGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP):\ndaily minimum temperature in Jan-\n$34.1 billion (1973, in 1972 prices). AN-\nuary averages 20°F and the daily max-\nPeople\nNUAL GROWTH RATE: 8.8% (1973). PER\nimum in July averages 85° F.\nCAPITA INCOME: $1,630.\nPOPULATION: 20.9 million (1974 est).\nAGRICULTURE: Land 63%. Labor\nPEOPLE\nANNUAL GROWTH RATE: .96%. DEN-\n42%. Products-corn, wheat, oil seeds,\nSITY: 228 per sq. mi. ETHNIC GROUPS:\npotatoes.\nRomanians (87.7%), Magyar (8.5%), Ger-\nAbout 88 percent of the people are\nINDUSTRY: Labor 28%. Products-\nmans (2%), Jews, Serbo-Croats, Ukrainians,\nethnically Romanian, a group which, in\npower, mining, forestry, construction mate-\nGreeks, Turks. RELIGIONS: Romanian\ncontrast to that of Slav or Magyar\nrials, metal producing and processing, chem-\nOrthodox (80%), Roman Catholic (9%),\nicals, machine building, food processing,\n(Hungarian) neighbors, is traced back\nCalvinist, Jewish, Lutheran. LANGUAGES:\ntextiles.\nto ancestors closely related to the\nRomanian (85%), Hungarian, German.\nNATURAL RESOURCES: Oil, timber,\nFrench, Italians, Spanish, and other\nLITERACY: 98%. LIFE EXPECTANCY:\nnatural gas, coal.\n\"Latins.\" As a result, the Romanian\n70 yrs.\nTRADE: Exports-$3.74 billion (1973):\nlanguage, although containing many\nfoodstuffs, lumber, fuel, manufactures.\nelements of Slavic, Turkish, and other\nGovernment\nImports-$3.5 billion (1973): machinery,\norigins, is loosely related to those of\nequipment, rolled steel, iron ore, coke and\nFrance, Italy, Portugal, and Spain.\nTYPE: Communist. DATE OF CONSTI-\ncoking coal, cotton. Partners-Soviet Union,\nRomania was a Roman colony during\nTUTION: August 21, 1965. POLITICAL\nFederal Republic of Germany.\nthe first and second centuries, and\nSUBDIVISIONS: 40 Counties (includes city\nOFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE: 12\nof Bucharest).\nmodern Romanians consider them-\nlei=US$1 (Jan. 1975).\nBRANCHES: Executive-President\nMEMBERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL\nselves descendants of the Roman civil-\n(Chief of State), Prime Minister (Head of\nORGANIZATIONS: U.N. and most of its\nization. Hungarian and German are\nGovernment), Council of Ministers. Legisla-\nspecialized agencies, Council of Mutual\nalso spoken in the country.\ntive-unicameral Grand National Assembly\nEconomic Assistance (CEMA), Warsaw Pact,\nThe minority population resides in\n(GNA) and its Council of State. Judicial-\nDanube Commission, Interpol.\nTransylvania or areas to the north and\n30\n3\nBeregoya\nU.S.S.R.\n48\nHalmeu\nRomania was considered the most\nprovided for substantial payments of\nBel'tsy\nREADING LIST\nSatu\nBaia Mare\nGallicized; the French language, along\nwar reparations to the Soviet Union.\nDebrecen\nMare\n*Botosani\nSuceava\nU.S.S.R.\nwith Romanian, was compulsory in\nSoviet occupation forces supported\nThese titles are provided as a general\nthe schools. In 1948 the Romanian\nCommunist organizers, and the non-\nindication of the material currently be-\nGovernment closed all French and\nBerettyóújfalu\nFascist, non-Communist political\ning published on this country. The De-\nOradea\nZalau\nBistrita\nlasi\nKishinev\nother Western-operated schools and\nleaders were purged. In March 1945\npartment of State does not endorse the\nPiatra\nNeamt\ntook stringent measures to eliminate\nKing Michael was forced to appoint a\nspecific views in unofficial publications\nHUNGARY\nApahida\nall French and other Western cultural\nas representing the position of the U.S.\nCommunist-front government which\nGovernment.\nCluj\nVaslui.\nand educational influences from the\nTirgu Mures\nBacau,\ncalled for elections in November of\nVascau\ncountry, substituting in their place the\nthat year and consolidated Communist\nAmerican University. Area Hand-\nSzeged\nMiercurea Ciuc\nTeius\nRussian language and Soviet institu-\npower. The King abdicated under pres-\nbook for Romania. Washington,\nArad\nBrad\nSinnicolaul\n46\ntions. At present, however, Russian is\nsure in December 1947 when the Ro-\nD.C.: U.S. Government Printing\nAlba lulia,\nMare\nno longer compulsory, and French and\nmanian People's Republic was declared.\nOffice, 1972.\nOIL\nDeva\nSibiu\nSfintu\nEnglish are widely studied.\nBolgrad\nWith their accession to power, the\nCretzianu, Alexander, ed. Captive\nTimisoara\nGheorghe\nFocsani,\nRomania was an independent king-\nCommunists effectively subordinated\nRomania. New York: Praeger,\nBrasov\nGalati\ndom from 1881 until December 30,\nnational Romanian interests to those\n1956.\nResita.\nBraila\n1947, when the Communist-domin-\nof the U.S.S.R. Since late 1961, how-\nFischer-Galati, Stephen A. The New\nVršac\nCimpina\nBuzãu,\nTulcea\nated government forced the abdication\never, Romanian communism has\nRomania. Cambridge: Massachu-\nRimnicu\nTirgu Jiu,\nFilimon\nVilcea\nSirbu\nof young King Michael. Before 1947\nassumed an increasingly nationalistic\nsetts Institute of Technology\n[irgoviste\nBELGRADE\nPloiesti\nPitesti\nGiurgeni\nRomania had a series of governments\ncast. On April 22, 1964, the govern-\nPress, 1967.\nTurnu,Severin\nSanify\nBLACK\ndominated by a land-owning aristo-\nment in effect declared its political\nFischer-Galati, Stephen A., ed.\nVelika\nIalomifa\nSlobozia\nSEA\ncracy, based only nominally on a lib-\nindependence of the Soviet Union, and\nRomania. New York: Praeger,\n*\n(Slatina\nBUCHAREST\neral constitutional system, with a de\na change in Romania's foreign policy\n1957.\nCraiova\nConstanta\nfacto limitation of suffrage. In the\nhas resulted.\nFloyd, David. Rumania-Russia's\n44\n44\n1930's an anti-Semitic, anti-Soviet,\nA new Constitution was adopted in\nDissident Ally. New York: Prae-\nAlexandria* Giurgiu\nNegru/Voda\nFascist Iron Guard movement first\n1965. It provided that the name of the\nger, 1965.\nParacin\nTurnu Măgurele\nRuse\nthreatened and then achieved control\ncountry be changed to the Socialist\nHale, Julian. Ceausescu's Romania.\nNikopol\nof the government, taking Romania\nRepublic of Romania.\nLondon: Harkar, 1971.\nROMANIA\ninto World War II on the side of the\nIn February 1968 a sweeping re-\nByala\nIonescu, Ghita. Communism in\nNis\nAxis Powers. A Social Democratic\nBULGARIA\nInternational boundary\norganization of the administrative\nRumania, 1944-1962. London:\nYUGOSLAVIA\n*\nNational capital\nParty, which controlled the small labor\nstructure and territorial division was\nOxford University Press, 1964.\nRailroad\nmovement, was tolerated by the mon-\ncarried out. The new territorial divi-\nRoad\nJowitt, Kenneth. Revolutionary\narchy but never had political power.\n0\n50\nsion was reminiscent of that existing\n25\n75\n100 Miles\nBreakthroughs and National\nSOFIA\nA coup d'etat led by King Michael\nbefore the imposition of the Soviet-\nDevelopment: The Case of Ro-\n0\n25\n50\n75\n100\nKilometers\nand opposition politicians, with the\nstyle regime.\nmania, 1944-1965. Berkeley:\nsupport of the army, deposed the Iron\n22\n26\nUniversity of California Press,\nGuard dictatorship on August 23,\nGOVERNMENT\n1971.\n517528 2-75\n1944 (Romania's national holiday).\nMontias, John Michael. The Eco-\nAn armistice, secretly negotiated in\nRomania is governed by a central-\nnomic Development of Ro-\nwest of Transylvania. Among the prin-\nfollowing a policy designed to disperse\nHISTORY\nadvance at Cairo, was signed Sep-\nized executive appointed by the legis-\nmania. Cambridge: Massachu-\ncipal minorities are the Hungarians,\nand assimilate these minorities grad-\ntember 12 and brought Romanian\nlative branch, the Grand National\nsetts Institute of Technology\nually despite their desires for a degree\nRomania has had 23 centuries of\nforces into the war, on the side of the\nGermans, and Jews, with smaller\nAssembly. Real power, however, lies in\nPress, 1967.\nnumbers of Serbo-Croats, Ukrainians,\nof communal autonomy. The Jewish\nviolent and dramatic history. From\nAllies, against the Germans in Tran-\nthe leadership of the Romanian Com-\nRoberts, Henry L. Rumania. New\nGreeks, and Turks.\ncommunity has been reduced in recent\nabout 200 B.C., when it was first\nsylvania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.\nmunist Party (RCP; until July 1965,\nHaven: Yale University Press,\nBefore World War II minorities\nyears as a result of emigration to\ncolonized by the Dacians (a Thracian\nThe peace treaty, signed at Paris on\nthe Romanian Workers' Party), and\n1951.\nrepresented more than 28 percent of\nIsrael.\ntribe), to the present day this territory\nFebruary 10, 1947, and entered into\nthis leading role of the party has been\nSeton-Watson, R. W. A History of\nthe total, but that percentage was\nReligious allegiances generally fol-\nhas been the scene of many invasions\nforce on September 14, 1947, con-\nwritten into the Constitution.\nthe Romanians from the Roman\nhalved in large part by the loss of the\nlow ethnic lines with about 80 percent\nand many migrations. It has been con-\nfirmed the Soviet annexation of\nThe three principal branches of the\nTimes to the Completion of\nborder areas of Bessarabia and north-\nof all Romanians nominally belonging\nquered and ruled by various peoples\nBessarabia and northern Bukovina,\ngovernment are the Grand National\nUnity. Cambridge: Cambridge\nern Bukovina (to the U.S.S.R.) and\nto the Romanian Orthodox Church.\nwho have left their mark on the coun-\noriginally occupied after a 1940 ulti-\nAssembly with its Council of State; an\nUniversity Press, 1939.\nsouthern Dobruja (to Bulgaria), as well\nThe Greek Catholic or Uniate Church,\ntry and its inhabitants. Today the\nmatum to Romania, and ceded a\nexecutive consisting of a Council of\nas by postwar expulsions of ethnic\nto which about 10 percent of the\nRomanians form an island between the\nlargely Bulgar-populated area of south-\nMinisters, operating ministries, and\npopulation for regular terms of 5 years\nGermans. However, in Transylvania,\npopulace belonged, was incorporated\nSlavic and the Hungarian peoples.\nern Dobruja to Bulgaria. It also re-\nstate committees; and a judiciary.\nwhich may be extended in times of\nwhich was part of pre-1918 Hungary,\ninto the Romanian Orthodox Church\nBefore the postwar Communist\nincorporated into Romania that\nLike the 1952 Constitution which\nemergency.\nRomania retains areas where the\nby fiat in 1948. Roman Catholics,\nregime, Romania looked to the West-\nportion of northern Transylvania\nit replaced, the Constitution of 1965\nAlthough the GNA is theoretically\nethnic \"minority\" sometimes makes\nlargely Magyar, constitute about 9 per-\nern countries, particularly France, for\ngranted to Hungary in 1940 under the\nprovides for a unicameral Grand\nthe primary legislative body of the\nup three-fourths of the local popula-\ncent of the population; Calvinists,\ncultural, educational, scientific, and\nSecond Vienna Award imposed by\nNational Assembly (GNA). Its 349\nSocialist Republic of Romania and the\ntion and is therefore politically signif-\nJews, and Lutherans comprise most of\nsocial inspiration and development.\nGerman and Italian arbitration be-\nmembers are elected from single-\n\"supreme organ of state power,\" until\nicant. The Romanian Government is\nthe remaining 11 percent.\nAmong all the Balkan countries,\ntween Romania and Hungary and\nmember electoral precincts of equal\nrecently it met for only a few days\n5\n4\naltering the territorial divisions of the\nFollowing the July 1972 National\nPrincipal Government Officials\ngovernment and its policies. Increasing\nhas abundant natural resources, good\nTRAVEL NOTES\ncountry; and granting amnesties. The\nParty Conference, several combined\nparty and state bodies were formed to\nPresident-Nicolae Ceausescu\nnumbers of persons from those strata\npossibilities for expansion, and a Com-\nGNA follows party policies on all\nPrime Minister-Manea Manescu\npreviously most antagonistic to the\nmunist government determined to\nMany foreign tourist agencies arrange\nthese matters.\ncontrol a wide variety of party and\ntravel and hotel reservations in advance\nThe bulk of the legislative work is\ngovernment activities, further eroding\nVice President of Council of State-\nsystem-intellectuals and agricultural\nshow continued impressive growth\nfor groups or individuals. The official\nperformed by the Council of State, a\nEmil Bodnaras\nworkers-have joined the Romanian\nrates and maintain a large measure of\nthe authority of the Council of Min-\npermanent body elected from and by\nisters. The Supreme Council for\nMinister of Foreign Affairs-George\nCommunist Party. The party's mem-\npolitical and economic independence.\nRomanian travel agency, Carpati, has an\noffice at 500 5th Ave., Room 328, New\nMacovescu\nbership rose in 1965-73 from 1.3 mil-\nRomania has one of the highest annual\nthe GNA for the duration of the\nEconomic and Social Development,\nYork City.\nAssembly's mandate and until the time\nheaded by President Ceausescu, was\nMinister of Foreign Trade-Ion Patan\nlion to almost 2.4 million, representing\nGNP growth rates in Europe (8.8\nVisas are available, without fee, from\na new Council is elected by a new\nestablished in 1973 to coordinate\nAmbassador to the U.S.-Corneliu\nalmost 20 percent of the total popula-\npercent in 1973).\nRomanian Consulates or on arrival. Be\nGNA. It acts when the GNA is not in\nBogdan\ntion.\nsocial and economic planning-both\nIts main economic goals are the\naware, however, of a recently enacted\nsession. The Council consists of a\nshort and long term. Other new party\nAmbassador to the U.N.-Ion Datcu\nThe political leadership since the\nrapid development of industrial capa-\nrequirement that each visitor spend the\nequivalent of $10 in hard currency each\npresident, four vice presidents, 22\nand state organs are the Council for\nlate 1950's has been remarkably\ncity and output, especially in heavy\nday in Romania. Retain receipts for all\nmembers, and a secretary elected by\nSocial and Economic Organizations (to\nRomania maintains an Embassy in\nstable, and the passage of power from\nindustry; continued state ownership of\nand from its members. The Council is\ncontrol the size and functions of min-\nthe United States at 1607 23d Street,\nlong-time party/government chief\nindustrial facilities and collectivization\nmoney exchanges and other expend-\nof agriculture; rapid improvement of\nitures carefully for presentation on de-\nconstitutionally accountable for all its\nistries and economic enterprises) and\nNW., Washington, D.C. 20008.\nGheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, who died in\nthe Central Council of Workers' Con-\n1965, to Nicolae Ceausescu was\ntechnology and diversification of\nparture.\nactivities to the GNA. Its president is\nClimate-Romania has hot Mediter-\nthe President of the Republic. On\ntrol over Economic and Social Ac-\nPOLITICAL CONDITIONS\nevidently smooth and uncomplicated.\nindustrial production; and, since 1963,\ntivities (to police fulfillment of Eco-\nCeausescu's 10 years in office (party\nreduction of economic dependence on\nranean summers and rather cold winters\nMarch 28, 1974, Nicolae Ceausescu\nwith low humidity.\nwas elected to this position as the\nnomic Plan targets).\nRomanians are accustomed, from\nchief since 1965, Chief of State since\nany single country or group of coun-\nHealth-Normal immunization precau-\ncountry's first President.\nAs defined by the Constitution, the\nlong experience, to the rule of small\nDecember 1967 and President of the\ntries through an expansion of trade\ntions include smallpox, tetanus, typhus,\nWithin constitutional limits, the\nfunctions of the judiciary are limited\nminorities susceptible to the influence\nRepublic since 1974) have been char-\nwith many states.\nto \"defending the Socialist order and\nof outsiders. The transition immedi-\nacterized, on the domestic scene, by a\nMost of the increase in GNP has\ntyphoid/paratyphoid, and polio.\nCouncil has the power to issue decrees\nand decisions with the force of law.\npersonal rights, educating citizens to\nately after World War II from the pro-\nslowly improving living standard and\ncome from growth of industrial pro-\nTelecommunications-Local telephone\nservice is automatic and fairly depend-\nThe other powers of the Council\nthe respect of law,\" and, by applying\nGerman dictatorship of Ion Antonescu\npopular acceptance of the independent\nduction, which has more than doubled\nable. International telephone and tele-\nclosely parallel those of the GNA.\nsanctions, \"reeducating lawbreakers\nto the dictatorship of Moscow-trained\nforeign policy of the Romanian leader-\nsince 1959. This has been a result of\ngraph connections are generally good,\nSince the Assembly only meets a few\nand preventing the commission of new\nCommunists was relatively rapid.\nship.\nthe high priority placed on the main\nbut there may be delays in placing calls.\ndays each year, the \"power of state\" is\ninfractions.\" None of the courts-the\nInternally, the new government fol-\nThere has been no evidence of any\neconomic goals; high rate of invest-\nTransportation-Bucharest has many in-\nactually exercised by the Council.\nSupreme Court, the county courts, the\nlowed the Soviet example of agricul-\nprospective change in Romania's\nment at the expense of consumption;\nexpensive, but often crowded, buses and\npeople's courts, etc.-has the authority\ntural collectivization and forced indus-\npolicy of independence within the\nThe Constitution defines the\nincreased availabilities of inputs from\nCommunist system, its neutrality in\nstreetcars. Taxis are fairly inexpensive.\nCouncil of Ministers as the \"supreme\nto review the constitutionality of laws.\ntrialization accompanied by a re-\nagriculture and imports; growth of the\nDriving to Bucharest from December\nThe Supreme Court guarantees uni-\nmodeling of the state along totalitarian\nthe Sino-Soviet dispute, or its active\nadministrative organ\" of the state. The\nindustrial labor force; and large\nthrough February is not advised, as\nCouncil is formally appointed by and\nformity of procedures by supervision\nCommunist lines.\ndevelopment of relations with non-\nimports of advanced technology and\nmountain passes can be hazardous.\nand decision in procedural matters.\nA general \"de-Russification\" of the\nCommunist governments. Responsible\ntheoretically subordinate to the\nequipment, particularly from indus-\nOtherwise, the main roads are reasonably\nAssembly. In fact, however, it exe-\nThe Supreme Court is elected anew\ncountry began in 1961 as the Roman-\nofficials have repeatedly declared that\ntrialized non-Communist countries.\ngood. Rail and air facilities are also avail-\ncutes the policies established by the\nby each GNA and is responsible to it\nian leadership displayed increasing\nthese policies will be continued.\nThe backwardness of agriculture\nable for both domestic and international\nleadership of the Communist Party.\nand, between sessions, to the Council\nindependence of the Soviet Union.\nand the low productivity of agricul-\ntravel. The daily Wiener-Walzer Express\nof State. Theoretically, judges and\nThe growth of political nationalism in\ntural labor continue to be serious eco-\nand the Orient Express from Vienna take\nThe Council is composed of the Prime\nECONOMY\nroughly 20 hours to reach Bucharest.\nMinister (Head of Government), vice\nassessors (lay judges) are independent\nrecent years has been accomplished by\nnomic problems in Romania. The agri-\npremiers (presently seven), and min-\nand subject only to the law.\nsome relaxation of internal restric-\nAfter the Communist takeover in\ncultural sector has recently received\nisters and heads of various other cen-\nThe office of the Chief Public\ntions-evidenced most concretely by\n1945, Romania set up a command\nmuch greater attention. The govern-\ntral administrative organs.\nProsecutor, an important institution\nthe 1964 and 1967 amnesties which\neconomy, patterned after the highly\nment's 1971-75 economic plan called\neach year and, in practice, performed\nlittle actual legislative work. It dis-\nThe Constitution gives the Council\nborrowed from the U.S.S.R., is also\nreleased nearly all political prisoners\ncentralized and controlled Soviet\nfor an ambitious increase of 11-12 per-\ncussed briefly the main laws placed\nof Ministers extensive powers to carry\ngiven constitutional status. The Chief\nand reduced or rescinded prison sen-\nmodel. A conservative economic\ncent annually in industrial production,\nbefore it and normally adopted them\nout the state economic plan, manage\nPublic Prosecutor is vested with the\ntences of others. As its dependence on\nreform aimed primarily at improved\nbut the plan was revised in late 1972\nunanimously. Since 1969 the GNA's\nthe country's economy, insure public\n\"supreme supervisory power to insure\nSoviet backing has decreased, the gov-\nplanning and management rather than\nto raise these figures slightly. Emphasis\nsessions have been somewhat more\norder, defend the interests of the state,\nthe observance of the law by ministries\nernment's attention to the problem of\nstructural or substantive changes was\nwill remain on heavy industry, but the\nprotect the rights of the citizens, run\nand other central organs, by the local\npopular support has increased. Re-\nintroduced in 1968. Romania is a\nplan does call for a substantial increase\nlengthy. There has been some open\ndebate and small numbers of votes\nthe country's armed forces and mili-\norgans of state power and administra-\ncently there has been stress on assuring\nmember of the Council for Mutual\nin resources devoted to agriculture.\ntary conscription, conduct foreign\ntion, as well as by officials and other\nthe legality of security methods, but\nagainst government measures. It is pre-\nEconomic Assistance (CEMA), but in\nAmong the East European coun-\nmature, however, to state that the\naffairs, and suspend decisions of the\ncitizens,\" and is appointed by each\nthe extensive police and internal\nkeeping with its nationalistic and rela-\ntries Romania is second only to Poland\nGNA is evolving into a truly demo-\ncounty people's councils which do not\nAssembly for a term equal to that of\nsecurity apparatus has maintained a\ntively independent foreign economic\nin area and population and has long\ncratic parliament. The GNA is charged\nconform to the law. In the fulfillment\nthe Assembly.\npowerful impact on Romanian life.\npolicy, Romania maintains its right to\nbeen one of the important corn and\nwith electing the President of the Re-\nof its functions, the Council of Min-\nFor territorial/administrative pur-\nSince 1864 the Romanians have per-\ndecide on participation or nonpartici-\nwheat growing countries of Europe\npublic, the Council of State, the\nisters is authorized to issue decisions\nposes, Romania is divided into 39\nmitted a sharp increase in cultural rela-\npation in CEMA multilateral activ-\nand an important producer of oil,\nSupreme Court, the Chief Public\nand orders. In March 1969 a Defense\ncounties and the city of Bucharest.\ntions with the West, although the level\nities, and it has resisted supranational\ntimber, and more recently of natural\nProsecutor, and the Council of Min-\nCouncil was formally set up to take\nEach county is governed by a People's\nremains low in absolute terms.\nplanning on the ground that planning\ngas. The principal emphasis of postwar\nisters. Its other powers include amend-\nover many of the prerogatives of the\nCouncil, whose chairman is also the\nEmphasis on Romanian national\nis a national prerogative.\neconomic programs has been on heavy\ning the Constitution; creating, abolish-\nCouncil of Ministers with regard to\nFirst Secretary of the county's Com-\ninterests and traditions has been met\nAlthough still one of the least de-\nindustry, including power, mining,\ning, merging, and renaming ministries;\ndefense matters.\nmunist Party organization.\nby growing popular acceptance of the\nveloped countries of Europe, Romania\nforestry operations, construction\n6\n7\nmaterials, metal production and pro-\nRomania's second largest trading part-\nThe Romanians describe their for-\nthe legations in both countries to\nRomanian library in New York. The\nsescu again visited the United States. In\ncessing, chemicals, and machine build-\nner is the Federal Republic of Ger-\neign policy as one of amicable rela-\nembassies. Limited progress on prob-\nAmerican cultural center, opened in\naddition to talks with President Nixon\ning. These industries now account for\nmany. Since 1960 Romania has re-\ntions with all countries, regardless of\nlems involving divided families and\n1972, contains a well-stocked library\nand Secretary Kissinger, he met with\nabout three-fifths of the gross indus-\nceived substantial credits from Western\ndiffering social systems; noninter-\ndual nationals has since been made,\nof American literature and reference\ncongressional leaders and with officials\ntrial output. The rapid expansion of\nEurope. Romania's economic national-\nference in the internal affairs of other\nbut this remains a difficult issue.\nmaterials, exhibition rooms, and a\nof leading American financial institu-\nmachine building is a key part of the\nism and refusal to resign itself to a role\nstates; the pursuit of peace; and the\nThe volume of two-way trade has\ntheater for concerts, stage and film\ntions. During the visit a joint U.S.-\nindustrial process; that industry alone\nas supplier of unfinished or semifin-\nadvancement of Romanian national\nrisen from approximately $2 million\nshowings, and lectures.\nRomanian Statement of Principles and\naccounts for about one-fourth of the\nished products to the Communist bloc\ninterests. The record bears them out.\nin 1963 to slightly over $400 million\nIn the spring and summer of 1970\nan agreement on the establishment of\ngross industrial product.\nis a primary cause of its estrangement\nThey have maintained proper relations\nin 1974. Trade relations began to\nRomania was hit by a series of disas-\na U.S.-Romanian Economic Commis-\nLight industry occupies a relative\nfrom the Soviet Union.\nwith the Soviets while rejecting Soviet\nimprove after the favorable revision of\nterous floods. The prompt and gen-\nsion were signed. In November 1974\nposition in the economy much dimin-\ndomination both directly and indi-\nU.S. export licensing procedures for\nerous response of the U.S. Govern-\nSecretary Kissinger visited Bucharest\nished from prewar years when it sup-\nrectly. They have given at least\nFOREIGN RELATIONS\nRomania in 1964. Subsequently there\nment and private Americans to\nat the invitation of Foreign Minister\nplied about two-thirds rather than the\nimplicit support to national Commu-\nhas been a steady increase in the\nRomania's plight has been a highly\nMacovescu. During this visit the two\npresent two-fifths of industrial output.\nSince the early 1960's Romania has\nnist regimes in preference to those that\nnumber of Romanian economic del-\nimportant contribution to U.S.-\ngovernments reaffirmed the Statement\nFood processing and textiles lead light\nincreasingly asserted its national sov-\nappear over-responsive to Soviet policy.\negations to the United States and of\nRomanian relations.\nof Principles and the joint Statement\nindustry, with production and com-\nereignty and has sought closer ties\nTheir participation in Soviet-sponsored\nvisits to Romania by U.S. economic\nIn October 1970 President\non Economic, Industrial, and\nsumption of durable consumer goods\ninternational Communist activities has\nwith non-Communist countries. Major\nofficials and businessmen. In 1971\nCeausescu combined attendance at the\nTechnical Cooperation signed in 1973\nbeing rather low. Consumer goods are\ndisputes with the U.S.S.R. have arisen\nbeen unpredictable. Their former For-\nU.S. export controls were liberalized\n25th Anniversary Session of the\nand agreed to open discussions for the\nreceiving somewhat more attention in\nover Soviet proposals in 1962 to sub-\neign Minister, Corneliu Manescu, was\neven further, and following congres-\nUnited Nations with an extensive visit\nnegotiation of a trade agreement as\ncurrent plans, but continued heavy\nthe first Communist official ever to be\nordinate Romanian economic develop-\nsional authorization, the President\nof the United States which included\nwell as one on long-term economic\nemphasis on a high rate of investment\nelected President of the U.N. General\nment to a supranational planning body\ndesignated Romania as eligible for U.S.\ntalks in Washington with President\ncooperation.\nsharply limits expansion in this area.\nwithin CEMA. In a \"declaration of\nAssembly.\nExport-Import Bank credits and facil-\nNixon. The exchange of visits between\nAlthough not as dependent on\nRomania is a member of the Gen-\nPrincipal U.S. Officials\nindependence\" of April 22, 1964, the\nities. Early in 1972 Overseas Private\nPresidents Ceausescu and Nixon were\nforeign trade as other East European\nRomanian leadership sharply criticized\neral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade;\nInvestment Corporation (OPIC) facil-\nfollowed by a significant increase in\nAmbassador-Harry G. Barnes, Jr.\ncountries and largely self-sufficient in\nthese proposals and emphasized the\nit joined the International Monetary\nvisits by American cabinet officers and\nDeputy Chief of Mission-Richard N.\nfoodstuffs and fuels, the development\nFund and the International Bank for\nities were granted providing for guar-\nright of each Communist Party to\nantees of U.S. private investments in\nRomanian ministers, parliamentarians\nViets\nof Romanian industry requires imports\nwork out its own policies in all fields\nReconstruction and Development in\nRomania.\nof the two countries, governors and\nArmy Attache-Col. Wyatt J. Mitchell\nof technology, machinery, equipment,\non the basis of national self-interest.\nDecember 1972. Although a member\nHigh-level contracts between U.S.\nmayors, and leaders in education,\nAir Attache-Lt, Col. Jerome F. Welsh\nand industrial materials, principally\nRomania consistently followed this\nof the Warsaw Pact, Romania has\nand Romanian leaders have multiplied\nscience, culture, and the arts.\nPublic Affairs Officer-Aurelius Fer-\nrolled steel, iron ore, coke and coking\npolicy during the Czechoslovak crises\nshown reluctance to participate with\nwith the growth of friendly relations\nIn July 1972 William P. Rogers\nnandez\ncoal, and cotton. An increase in\nin the summer of 1968; it publicly\ntroops in Pact maneuvers abroad or to\ndespite continuing political differ-\nbecame the first U.S. Secretary of\nEconomic Affairs Officer-Richard\nimports has forced expansion of tradi-\ncriticized and did not participate in\npermit such maneuvers in Romania.\nences. In August 1969 President Nixon\nState ever to pay an official visit to\nScissors\ntional exports of food, lumber, and\nthe invasion of that country by the\nU.S.-ROMANIA RELATIONS\npaid an official visit to Romania, the\nRomania. While there he signed a Con-\nPolitical Affairs Officer-Edward A.\nfuel in order to reduce trade deficits.\nSoviet Union and other members of\nfirst by a U.S. President to Eastern\nsular Convention to facilitate the pro-\nMainland\nManufactures, including a wide variety\nthe Warsaw Pact.\nAfter a 15-year period of cool re-\nEurope since World War II. During\ntection of U.S. citizens and property\nConsular Officer-Anthony C. Perkins\nof capital equipment, have lately\nSince 1964 the Romanian leader-\nstraint, U.S.-Romanian relations began\nthat visit an agreement was reached\nin Romania.\nThe U.S. Embassy in Romania is\naccounted for about one-quarter of\nship has frequently taken positions on\nto improve in 1960 with the signing of\nproviding for the establishment of a\nIn December 1973, at the invitation\nlocated at Strada Tudor Argezhi No. 9,\nexports. In 1973 imports were about\ninternational issues markedly different\nan agreement providing for partial res-\nU.S. library in Bucharest and a\nof President Nixon, President Ceau-\nBucharest.\n$3.5 billion and exports $3.74 billion.\nfrom those taken by the Soviet Union.\ntitution of American property claims.\nBefore World War II less than one-\nThese have included, among many\nIn the same year, notes between the\nfifth of Romania's trade was with\nothers: neutrality in the Sino-Soviet\ntwo governments on cultural, scien-\nnations now comprising the Soviet\ndispute; recognition of the Federal\ntific, and educational exchanges were\nbloc, and half of that amount was with\nRepublic of Germany in January\ntraded. This arrangement has been up-\nCzechoslovakia. Since 1947 annual\n1967; an independent line on the\ndated biennially, and in December\ntrade with the Sino-Soviet countries\n1967 Arab-Israel war; a continued\n1974 the two governments signed a\nhas been as high as 86 percent. Increas-\n\"balanced\" view on the Middle East\nfar-ranging 5-year agreement on cul-\nDEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 7890\ningly, however, Romania is turning to\ngenerally, which includes maintenance\ntural and scientific exchanges. The\nRevised April 1975\ntrade with non-Communist countries.\nof diplomatic relations with Israel;\nincrease in cultural and scientific rela-\nFrom 1959 to 1969 the non-Commu-\ninitial dissent from the Soviet position\ntions has been accompanied by a\nOffice of Media Services\nnist share of Romanian trade increased\non a nonproliferation treaty; a formal\nmarked growth in the number of U.S.\nBureau of Public Affairs\nthree to four times as fast as the Com-\napproach to the European Common\ncitizens traveling privately to\nmunist countries' share, and in 1973,\nMarket for trade preferences in 1972;\nRomania. Communication has also\nRomania became the first Warsaw Pact\nand an independent position regarding\nbeen facilitated by the operation of\ncountry to conduct more than half of\nthe convocation of European and\ninformation programs by the U.S.\nits trade with non-Communist nations.\n\"World\" Congresses of Communist\nEmbassy in Bucharest. (Cultural and\nLess than 25 percent of Romania's\nparties in 1974 and 1975. On several\ninformation bulletins have been dis-\ntrade is with the Soviet Union, which\noccasions Romania has taken and\ntributed since 1963.)\nis the most important supplier of iron\ndefended completely independent\nHigh-level talks at Washington, D.C.\nore, coke, and other raw materials.\npositions in the United Nations.\nin 1964 were followed by elevation of\npoal\nneno mangole\nchus morrissey\nLIBRARY\nis\nget back to\n9:45\nABC Terry deartt\nfrank jordan\ngabriel romero\n12 noon\nABC nino mangelli\nI\nChris Morrisey\nentrance-\nKaiser\nCBS Jorg Weiland\nfreedrich\nmichael Pot V'or\nstrasse\ngate\nNBC Peter Dehmel\nKlau Dehmel\nFORD\nGERALD\ntour the University -\n1st globe upon which \"amerika\"\nappears - gold - Copernicus'\nall of Copernices' instruments\n300 american students\nrecept follows\n60-100\nexcorted ley prof Karl Estreicher\ndis of Inst of art Hist\nSomeone else well nt\nPHRASES\nEnglish\nRomanian\nGood day\nBuna ziua (boonah zeewa)\nGoodbye\nLa revedere (lah ray va dai reh)\nGoodnight\nBuna seara\nHow do you do\nCe mai faceti (cheh migh fahchayts)\nCome in\nIntrati (Intratsi)\nExcuse me\nScuzati-ma (skoozahtsy-mer)\nYes / No\nDa (dah) / Nu (noo)\nPlease\nVa rog (ver rogh)\nThank you\nMultumesc (Mooltsoosmesk)\nVery good or Very nice\nFoarte Bine (fwartay binay)\nIt is very beautiful\nFoarte frumos este\nHow much does this cost?\nCit costa acesta?\nWhere is\n...\nUnde este (oonday yehstay)\nBathroom (men, women)\nSala de bae (domni, dames)\nDo you speak English\nVorbiti englezeste\nGREAT FORD LIBRA.\nUSEFUL TRANSPORTATION PHRASES\nEnglish\nRomanian\nI.\nLOCATIONS\nI.\nDESTINATII\nA. Otopeni Airport\nA. Aeroportul Otopeni\nB. Train Station\nB. Gara\nC. Spring Palace\nC. Palatul Primaverii\nD. Council of State Palace\nD. Palatul Consiliului\nde Stat\nE. American Embassy\nE. Ambasada Americana\nF. Intercontinental Hotel\nF. Hotel Intercontinental\nG. Dorobanti Hotel\nG. Hotel Dorobanti\nH. Village Museum\nH. Muzeul Satului\nI. Church\nI. Biserica\nJ. Park\nJ. Parc\nK. Sightseeing\nK.\nPlimbare\nII. PHRASES\nII. EXPRESII\nA. Take me to the\nA. Duceti-ma la\nB. Wait for me\nB. Asteptati-ma\nC. Meet me at (time)\nC. Ne intilnim la (ora)\nD. Meet me at (place)\nD. Ne intilnim la (locul)\nE. Where is the telephone?\nE. Unde este telefonul?\nF. Come back at (time)\nF. Va intoarceti la (ora)\nG. Come back at (place)\nG. Va intoarceti la (locul)\nH. Please wait a minute\nH. Va rog sa asteptati un\nminut\nI. Stop here\nI. Opriti aici\nJ. Can you hurry, I'm late\nJ.\nGrabiti-va, am intirziat\nIII.\nTIMES\nIII. ORE\n1 AM\n1 PM\n1 dimineata\n1 dupa-amiaza\n2 AM\n2 PM\n2 dimineata\n2 dupa-amiaza\n3 AM\n3 PM\n3 dimineata\n3 dupa-amiaza\n4 AM\n4 PM\n4 dimineata\n4 dupa-amiaza\n5 AM\n5 PM\n5 dimineata\n5 dupa-amiaza\n6 AM\n6 PM\n6 dimineata\n6 dupa-amiaza\n7 AM\n7 PM\n7 dimineata\n7 dupa-amiaza\n8 AM\n8 PM\n8 dimineata\n8 seara\n9 AM\n9 PM\n9 dimineata\n9 seara\n10 AM\n10 PM\n10 dimineata\n10 seara\n11 AM:\n11 PM\n11 dimineataa 11 searas\n12 AM\n12 PM\n12 dimineata 12 noaptea\nPlease read the English version of what you want to say and\nthen point out the Romanian version to the driver.\nSINAIA\nThis delightfully picturesque Alpine resort is\nsituated 127 km north of Bucharest. The town grew up\naround and takes its name from the late 17th Century Roman-\nian Orthodox Monastery which is patterned after St.\nCatherine's on Mt. Sinai.\nIn the 19th Century nobles from all over southeastern\nEurope used to spend their summers there. Now the in-\nhabitants of nearby Bucharest and Ploiesti flock to\nSinaia during the summer to escape the heat and hubbub of\nthe city. In addition to hiking, camping and picnicking\nin the cool shaded woods, they come to admire the German\nRenaissance splendor of Peles Castle, to reflect on the\nmeaning of centuries of religious and social history con-\ntained within the walls of the Romanian Orthodox Monastery,\nand to sample the folk crafts sold in stalls by represent-\natives of nearby cooperatives.\nTHE MONASTERY OF SINAIA\nThe Monastery of Sinaia, at that time comprising only\nthe small chapel and its surrounding walls, was dedicated\non August 15, 1695, bearing St. Mary as its patron Saint.\nThe chapel is a direct, but somewhat smaller, copy of\nSt. Catherine's Church on Mt. Sinai.\nThe monastery was originally built as a fortress\nbecause of the unsettled political and military situation\nof the time and served as a refuge for the families of the\nbuilder, the Romanian Prince of Wallachia, and others\nunder his protection.\nIt is interesting to note that although the small\nchapel was built by unknown Romanian peasants, it was\npainted by the most famous Romanian church painter - Pervu\nMutu. The painting is al fresco. It was restored in\n1795.\nIn 1846, the larger church was built within the con-\nfines of the monastery to accommodate the growing number\nof monks who joined the monastery. In 1958 the monastery\nbecame a retreat for the heads of the Romanian Orthodox\nChurch\nThe large church, like all Romanian Orthodox churches,\nfollows a uniform pattern of construction. The first\nRomanian element one notices is the open veranda in front\nof the entrance -- a folklore element taken from the\npeasants' houses.\nThe first room inside the church is called the\nexonarthex. It is also called the Room of the Calendar\nsince each day of the year is represented on the wall by\nthe most important event in the life of the respective Saint.\nThe second room is called the narthex, where the\nchoir sits. Painted at the apex of the vaulted ceiling is\na representation of Christ. At lower levels are scenes\nfrom the life of Christ. At eye level, on the west wall of\nthe narthex, one finds the votive portrait -- the portrait\nof the prince or nobleman who built the church (Michael\nCantacuzino) offering a small model of the church to God.\nThe third room of the church, the altar room, is sep-\narated from the other rooms by a richly decorated wall,\ncalled the iconostasis. The paintings on the iconostasis\nare, from bottom up: the Prophets, the Apostles and scenes\nfrom the life of Christ.\nAn icon is located on each side of the altar door. The\nicon on the left represents the Virgin Mary with the Holy\nChild. The icon on the right represents Jesus.\nThe altar room itself is sacred and no one, except\nthe priest, is allowed to enter. The walls of this room\nare painted with scenes from the life of the Virgin.\nThe small church has several unique artistic and\narchitectural characteristics:\nFirst, the church has the external form of a Latin\ncross, not often found in Romania.\nSecond, the presence of some sculptural figures at\nthe entrance is a decorative element not usually found in\nRomanian Orthodox churches.\nThird, the open veranda at the entrance of the church\nis typical Brancoveanu style (a blending of Oriental,\nRussian, Romanian and Italian Renaissance elements char-\nacteristic to the late 17th and early 18th century in\nWallachia).\nFourth, the windows in the church are extremely narrow,\nbordered by intricate stone sculpture.\nFinally, the portrait of the builder, Michael\nCantacuzino, offering a small model of the church to God\nwas extremely progressive for its time. Instead of being\npresented in a stiff style, with rigid figures, the por-\ntrait is alive with the brilliant Oriental costumes of\nthe period.\nPELES CASTLE\nThe Peles Castle, former summer residence of King\nCarol I, has been open to the public for more than 25\nyears now and is visited by numerous visitors from all\nover the world.\nIt stands amidst six acres of land at the foot of the\nBucegi mountains, in the upper valley of the Prahova\nRiver and on the left bank of the Peles Brook.\nThe Castle was built in two major stages: 1875-1883\nand 1896-1914. It was opened October 7, 1888. Its pre-\ndominant style of design is German Renaissance. However,\nthere are rooms in various other styles.\nNear the castle is the \"Pelisor\" Castle, frequently\nused as a State Guest House, and the \"Foisor\", a former\nhunting house.\nAMERICAN embassy\nbucharest, ROMANIA\nROMAITIAN CUSTOMS regulations\n1. Under existing Romanian regulations, personnel with diplomatic\nstatus are granted duty-free privileges for the duration of their tour\nof duty for the import and export of their household goods, foodstuffs\nand beverages, cigarettes and other products for their personal use.\nThese goods are also exempt from customs inspection, except when they\nare believed to contain forbidden items or goods subject to quarantine.\n2. Non-diplomatic personnel have duty-free privileges for the import\nand export of their household effects and goods intended for their\npersonal use for a period of 6 months following the employees arrival\nin Romania. Exemption from the payment of customs duties on household\neffects that arrive after this 6 month period shall be granted only\non the basis of an import permit obtained for each shipment. Items\nbelonging to non-diplomatic personnel may be subject to customs\ninspection on arrival and/or departure from Romania.\n3. There are no restrictions on the sale of vehicles brought into\nRomania by diplomatic personnel. However if the buyer is not entitled\nto duty free privileges they must pay the import duties. Automobiles\nbrought in by non-diplomatic personnel must be re-exported at the time\nof their departure. However, the present policy is that such cars may\nbe sold to personnel of other diplomatic missions entitled to duty free\nprivileges.\n4. The registration of private automobiles is free for diplomatic\npersonnel, but there is a charge of 1,000 Lei ($70.25) for the regis-\ntration of automobiles owned by non-diplomatic personnel, and they are\nalso required to pay a small fee for the insurance of the registration\nplates.\nJuly 1973\nAMERICAN EMBASSY\nBUCHAREST, ROMANIA\nMarch 1974\nRESTAURANTS\nBUCURESTI - Strada Edgar Quinet 1 (telephone 13-44-82). Considered\nby many to have the best food in town. 19th century\ndecor.\nHANUL MANUC HOTEL - Strada 30 Decembrie 62 (telephone 13-14-15).\nReconstructed old type Romanian inn with pleasant\nRomanian style interior and large garden restaurant\nin good weather.\nLA DOI COCOSI - Soseaua Straulesti 6 (telephone 18-32-99). About a\n15 minute taxi ride from the center of the city. Chicken\ndishes are the speciality in Romanian atmosphere.\nMINION - Strada Biserica Amzei (telephone 14-10-40). Intimate fairly\nnew restaurant with its own wine cellar on public display.\nATHENEE PALACE HOTEL - Strada Episcopiei 1-3 (telephone 14-08-99).\nWell regarded restaurant. Has nice garden restaurant in\nthe summer.\nINTERCONTINENTAL\nHOTEL SERVICES\nBARBER SHOP - Mezzanine Floor - 0730-2030. No appointment\nNecessary.\nBEAUTY SALON - same as above.\nDRY CLEANING/PRESSING SERVICE - Dial 6. 0730-1830. If\nurgent call Housekeeper from 1830-2200 - Dial 5.\nELECTRICAL CURRENT - Bathrooms have shaving plugs for\n110 V/Ac and 220 V/AC.\nLAUNDRY - Dial 6 from 0730-2000. If urgent, call House-\nkeeper from 1830-2200 - Dial 5.\nROOM SERVICE - 24 hour service.\nSHOESHINE SERVICE - Place shoes outside of your room in the\nevening.\nTELEPHONES - Dial O for dial tone, then dial respective\nnumber. For information dial 9.\nBUCHAREST RESTAURANTS\nAthenee Palace Hotel\n14-03-99\nStrada Episcopiei 1\nBerlin Restaurant\n14-46-52\nStrada Constantin Mille 4\nBucur Restaurant\n13-60-54\nStrada Poenaru Bordea 2\nDucuresti Restaurant\n13-44-32\nCalea Victoriei 36\nCarul cu Bere\n16-37-93\nStrada Stavropoleos 5\nCina Restaurant\n14-02-17\nStrada C.A. Rosetti 1\nCorso - ground floor\n)\nIntercontinental\nMadrical - ground floor)\nHotel\nBalada PM 21st floor\n)\nLido Hotel\n14-49-30\nBlvd. Magheru 5-7\nMinion Restaurant\n14-10-40\nPiata Amzei\nPescarul (seafood)\n16-11-71\nBlvd. Balcescu 9\nPescarus Restaurant\n33-62-52\nHerastrau Parc\nAMERICAN EMBASSY\nBUCHAREST, ROMANIA\nMarch 1974\nSHOPPING Information\nThe following list includes some, but by no means all, of the stores and\nshops which may be of interest to visitors in Bucharest. Except as otherwise\nnoted, purchases must be made in Romanian Lei. Please remember that their\nhours of operation vary considerably from store to store. As a general rule,\nhard currency shops are open without interruption from about 11:00 a.m. to\n7:00 p.m., while local currency shops usually operate from about 8:30 a.m.\nto 8:30 p.m., with a break from 12:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.\nHARD CURRENCY STORES (MERCHANDISE PURCHASED ONLY WITH US Dollars, German\nMarks, British Pounds, etc.)\nHotel Intercontinental Shops on the ground floor and 2nd floor.\n(Paintings, jewelry, embroidered Romanian blouses and material\nare among the principal attractions)\nFOR YOU - Calea Victoriei 20 (fur coats, Romanian oriental carpets,\nembroidered dresses and blouses, sheepskin vests, table linens)\nThe SOUVENIR SHOP - Blvd Nicolae Balcescu 26 (fur coats, sheepskin\nvests, embroidered blouses, carved wooden items, Romanian materials\nand table linens)\nROMANIAN LEI STORES\nMIORITA - Strada 13 Decembrie 24 (20% disccunt for tourists) (ceramics,\ncarved wooden items, table linens)\nROMARTA ARTIZANAT - Blvd Magheru 9 (20% discount for tourists)\n(Romanian rustic carpets & wall hangings, table linens, sheepskin\nvests, carved wooden items and ceramics.\nGALERIILE DE ARTA (Fondul Plastic) - Blvd Magheru opposite Department\nStore \"Eva\" has a wide variety of items by Romanian artisans.\nORIZONT GALLERY - Blvd Balcescu 23 - Bucharest's largest gallery for\ncontemporary Romanian paintings, sculpture and graphics.\nMESTERII FAURARI - Strada Bagroveni 6 (near Hanul Manuc Hotel) ceramics.\nLIBRARIA DACIA - Calea Victoriei 45 - books and phonograph records.\nCONSIGNATIA - Strada Covaci (near Hanul Manuc Hotel) (antiques, paintings\nand second-hand items of various sorts) (N.B. objects over 50 years\nold may not be exported from Romania)\nWITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)\nFORM OF\nCORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE\nDATE\nRESTRICTION\nDOCUMENT\nDoc.\nNotes from Event in Bucharest (pages - 2)\nB\n8/2-3/75\nFile Location:\nShelia Weidenfeld Files, Box 18, Trips Files. Folder: 8/2-3/75 - Bucharest\nRESTRICTION CODES\nJJO 11/30/16\n(A) Closed by applicable Executive order governing access to national security information.\n(B) Closed by statute or by the agency which originated the document.\n(C) Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in the donor's deed of gift.\nNATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION\nNA FORM 1429 (1-98)\nMINISTERUL CĂILOR FERATE\nSERVICIUL DE TRANSPORTURI SPECIALE\nmersul\ntrenului special\nSEATE\nLIBRARY\nTIME - TABLE OF PRESIDENTIAL TRAIN\nAUGUST 3, 1975\nBUCHAREST (BANEASA RAILWAY\nSTATION) departure 8:30 a.m.\nWEST PLOIESTI\n9:20 a.m.\nCIMPINA\n9:48 s.m.\nSINAIA\narrival 10:20 a.m.\nx\nM\nH\nSINAIA\ndeparture 3:10 p.m.\nCIMPINA\n3:35 p.m.\nWEST PLOIESTI\n4:00 p.m.\nBUCHAREST (baneasa RAILWAY\nSTATION) arrival 4:50 p.m.\n-----\nLIBRARY\nMERSUL\nTRENULUI PREZIDENTIAL\ndin 3 august 1975\nBUCURESTI BANEASA\npleacă\n8,30\nPLOIESTI VEST\ntrece\n9,20\nCIMPINA\ntrece\n9,48\nSINAIA\nsoseste 10,20\nN\nN\nX\nSINAIA\npleacă 15,10\nCIMPINA\ntrece 15,35\nPLOIESTI VEST\ntrece\n16,00\nBUCURESTI BANEASA soseste\n16,50\n-----"
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