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Weekly Briefing Notes, 9/22/1975
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36714178
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Weekly Briefing Notes, 9/22/1975
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William J. Baroody Files (Ford Administration)
William Baroody's Copies of "Weekly Briefing Notes on U.S. Domestic Developments"
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Environmental Protection Agency. 12/2/1970-
Crime
Economics
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Employment statistics
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1975-09-30
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1975
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The original documents are located in Box 37, folder "Weekly Briefing Notes, 9/22/1975" of the William J. Baroody Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 37 of the William J. Baroody Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library # * * 13 4 THE VICE PRESIDENT 7 WASHINGTON * * * September 24, 1975 MEMORANDUM FOR BILL BAROODY Attached is this week's copy of the Weekly Briefing Notes along with a special report on Critical Minerals. lueson WEEKLY BRIEFING NOTES ON U.S. DOMESTIC DEVELOPMENTS Prepared for the President and the Vice President SEPTEMBER 22, 1975 COMPILED BY THE FEDERAL STATISTICAL SYSTEM Coordinated by the Bureau of the Census at the request of the Statistical Policy Division, Office of Management and Budget Vincent P. Barabba, Director Joseph W. Duncan, Bureau of the Census Deputy Associate Director for Statistical Policy Office of Management and Budget Week of September 22, 1975 SOURCES OF DATA Personal Income U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Survey of Current Business" Corporate Profits U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Survey of Current Busi- ness" Real Earnings U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Employment and Earnings Statistics for the United States" Industrial Production Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, "Industrial Production and Related Data" G.12.3 Manufacturing and Trade Inventories and Sales U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Survey of Current Business" Balance of Payments U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Survey of Current Business" Consumer Price Index U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "The Consumer Price Index" Housing Construction U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Construction Reports," Series C Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION A-General Economic Indicators Part 1-National Income and Product A.1.1 Gross National Product X A.1.2 Personal Income X A.1.3 Corporate Profits X A.1.4 Federal Receipts and Expenditures X A.1.5 Business Investment X Part 2-Employment and Unemployment A.2.1 Unemployment Rate X A.2.2 Duration of Unemployment X A.2.3 Unemployment Insurance X A.2.4 Labor Turnover X A.2.5 Help Wanted Index X Part 3-Hours, Earnings and Productivity A.3.1 Average Workweek, Manufacturing X A.3.2 Compensation Per Man-hour X A.3.3 Productivity Indexes X A.3.4 Real Earnings X A.3.5 Work Stoppages X Part 4-Production and Trade A.4.1 Industrial Production Index X A.4.2 Production of Primary Metals X A.4.3 Production and Sales of Transportation Equipment X A.4.4 Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders X A.4.5 Capacity Utilization X A.4.6 Retail Sales X A.4.7 Wholesale Trade: Sales and Inventories X A.4.8 Manufacturing and Trade Inventories and Sales X A.4.9 Manufacturers' Evaluation of Their Inventories X Part 5-Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments A.5.1 Exports and Imports X A.5.2 Manufacturers' Export Sales and Orders of Durable Goods X BERALD FORD LIBRARY, A.5.3 Balance of Payments X A.5.4 Foreign Travel X Part 6-Prices A.6.1 Consumer Price Index X A.6.2 Wholesale Price Index X A.6.3 Tuesday Spot Market Price Index X Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION A-General Economic Indicators (Continued) Part 7-Construction A.7.1 Housing Construction X A.7.2 Value of New Construction Work Done X Part 8-Energy, Raw Materials, and Commodities A.8.1 Distribution of Electric Power X A.8.2 Production and Consumption of Fossil Fuels X Part 9-Agriculture A.9.1 Farm Income and Expenses X Part 10-Money and Credit A.10.1 Money Stock Measures X A.10.2 Bank Reserves X A.10.3 Consumer Credit X A.10.4 Common Stock Prices X A.10.5 U.S. Government Securities X A.10.6 Business Credit X A.10.7 Interest Rates Part 11-Indicators of Business Activity A.11.1 Composite Index of Leading Indicators X A.11.2 Number of New Business Incorporations X A.11.3 Number of Business Failures X SECTION B-General Social Indicators Part 1-Population B.1.1 Population Estimates - Total Population X - Total Population by Age, Sex, and Race X - Rate of Growth X R - Components of Change (Births, Deaths, Net Immigration) X - Population Projections X - Abortion X FORD LIBRABYA B.1.2 Population Distribution - Population by Size of Place X - Population in Rural and Urban Areas X B.1.3 Migration - Recent Movers X - Migration by Region X Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION B-General Social Indicators (Continued) Part 2-The Family B.2.1 Living Arrangements, Selected Characteristics - Age, Sex, and Race X - Single Person Households X - Children Living With Single Parents X - Average Family Size X B.2.2 Family Formation and Dissolution - Marital Status of the Population X - Marriage and Divorce Rates X - Marriages Ending in Divorce X B.2.3 Attitudes Towards Family Life X Part 3-Health B.3.1 Life Expectancy - At Birth X - At Selected Ages X - Death Rates by Cause X X - Leading Causes of Death X - Infant Mortality X X B.3.2 Disability - Days of Disability by Type X - Institutionalized Population X - Disability by Degree of Limitation and Cause X - Short-Term Disability X B.3.3 Morbidity - Communicable Diseases X - Acute Illness X B3.4 Health Status - Nutrition Dietary Intake Clinical Measurements X X X - Obesity - Drugs Drug Deaths X Drug Abuse Episodes X Liquor Consumption X - Smoking X - Physical Fitness X - Perceived Health Status X Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION B-General Social Indicators (Continued) B.3.5 Health Care Delivery - Physician and Dental Visits - Costs and Expenditures - Facilities X X X X - Personnel - Attitudes Towards Health Care X Part 4-Education B.4.1 Educational Achievement by Sex, Race, Socioeconomic Status, Region - Math, Science, Reading, Writing X - Music, Art, Literature, Citizenship X B.4.2 Attainment - High School Graduation Rate X - The High School Educated Population by Race and Sex X - College Educated Population by Race and Sex X B.4.3 School Enrollment - Primary and Secondary School X - Preprimary by Age, Race, Income X - Modal Age Enrollment by Sex, Race X - High School Students Expecting to go to College X - College Entrance Rates by Sex, Race, Socioeconomic Status X - College Enrollment X - Participation in Adult Education X B.4.4 Educational Facilities and Personnel - Schools, Classrooms X - Teachers, Administrative, Others X B.4.5 Costs and Expenditures - Expected Student Expenses, Higher Education X - Expenditures by Level of Government X Part 5-Work B.5.1 Labor Force, Employment and Unemployment - Labor Force Participation, Selected Characteristics X - Part-time, Part-year Workers, Selected Characteristics X - Employment by Occupation, Selected Characteristics X - Unemployment, Selected Characteristics X X - Discouraged Workers X - Labor Union Membership X B.5.2 Earnings - Median Earnings, Selected Characteristics X Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION B-General Social Indicators (Continued) B.5.3 Working Conditions - Regular and Overtime Hours, Selected Characteristics X - Work Injuries by Occupation X - Time, Distance, and Mode Transportation to Work X B.5.4 Benefits - Vacations, Holidays X - Benefit Plans X B.5.5 Retirement - Persons Retiring From Work X - Work-Life Expectancy X - Retirement Benefits X Part 6-Income, Consumption, and Wealth B.6.1 Income Levels - Median Family Income X - Composition of Family Income X - Per Capita Income X B.6.2 Distribution of Income - Age, Race, and Sex X - Regional Differences X B.6.3 Poverty X B.6.4 Consumption - Personal Consumption Expenditures X - Consumption of Durable Goods X B.6.5 Wealth - Net Worth of Consumer Units X - Composition of Wealth X B.6.6 Consumer Borrowing and Debt - Amount of Debt Outstanding X - Debt/Income Ratio X B.6.7 Consumer Attitudes X Part 7-Housing B.7.1 Housing Conditions - Average Size of Households X - Households Lacking Selected Facilities, by Size, Race, Tenure, and Location X - Average Persons Per Room X Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION B-Socioeconomic Series (Continued) B.7.2 Home Tenure - Single Family Dwellings X - Mobile Homes X - Condominiums and Other Multi-Unit Structures X - Vacation Homes B.7.3 Cost and Expenditures - Average Mortgage Payments - Upkeep and Maintenance X X X - Average Rental Payments B.7.4 Attitudes Towards Housing and the Community X Part 8-Leisure and Recreation B.8.1 Use of Leisure Time X B.8.2 Recreation - Outdoor (Social, Active Sports, etc) X - Indoor (Television, Visiting, Other) X X Part 9-Public Safety B.9.1 Crimes Known to Police - Violent X X - Property X X B.9.2 Victims of Crime, Selected Characteristics - Violent X - Property X B.9.3 Fear of Crime, Selected Characteristics X B.9.4 Police Activity - Persons Arrested by Charge X - Offenses Cleared X B.9.5 Judicial Activity - Persons Sentenced for Federal Crimes X B.9.6 Prisoners, Adults and Juveniles - Prisoners by Sentence X - Average Length of Sentence X - Persons Executed and Sentenced to Death X - Average Prison Population X B.9.7 Expenditures for Administration of Criminal Justice X Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION C-Government Activity Part 1-Social Welfare and Security C.1.1 Social Security (OASDHI) - Current Beneficiaries X - New Beneficiaries X - Average Payment X C.1.2 Old Age Assistance - Benefits Paid X - Recipients X C.1.3 Aid to the Disabled - Blind X - Deaf X - Other X C.1.4 Aid to Families With Dependent Children - Recipients X - Benefits X C.1.5 Unemployment Insurance Coverage - Benefits Paid X - Recipients X C.1.6 Housing Assistance - Recipients X - Benefits X C.1.7 Food Stamps - Recipients X - Benefits X C.1.8 Aid to Disaster Victims - Recipients X - Benefits X C.1.9 Veterans Benefits - Recipients X - Benefits X Part 2-Equal Opportunity C.2.1 Equal Employment Opportunity - Minority Employment X - Earnings, Promotions, etc. X C.2.2 School Desegregation - Students Attending Predominantly Minority Schools X - Public/Private Enrollment, and Control X Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION C-Government Activity (Continued) Part 3-Government Operation C.3.1 Federal Employment - Employees X - Payroll X C.3.2 State and Local Employment and Finances - Employees X - Payroll X SECTION D-Environment, Science, Culture Part 1-Environment D.1.1 Air Quality - Amount of Pollutants Released Into the Atmosphere X - Ambient Air Quality-National, Major Cities X - Perceived Quality X D.1.2 Water Quality - Miles of Streams Meeting EPA Standards X - Oil Spills, Fish Kills X D.1.3 Hazardous Substances - Estimated Amounts Produced X - Concentration in Biosphere X D.1.4 Ecological Balances - Endangered Species (Plant and Animal) X - Critical Areas (Coastal Zones) X - Land/People Density X Part 2-Science D.2.1 Professionals in Scientific Fields - By Specialty X - Person Years of Scientists, Engineers Engaged in R&D X D.2.2 Expenditures for Research and Development - Private Industry X - Government X D.2.3 Science Achievement in Schools - Secondary Schools X - Higher Education X Week of September 22, 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued SERIES WEEKLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY ANNUAL OTHER SECTION D-Environment, Science, Culture D.2.4 Public Attitudes Towards Science and Technology X Part 3-Culture D.3.1 Persons Employed in Artistic Professions - By Type X D.3.2 Children's Skill and Appreciation of Literature Arts, Music X D.3.3 Participation in Cultural Activities - Voluntary Organizations X - Travel X - Hobbies, Sports, Music, etc. X D.3.4 Attendance at Cultural Events - Plays, Galleries, Motion Pictures X - Concerts, Museums, etc. X SECTION E-Selected Subjects FORD (all A.1.2 - Personal Income THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME $1,256.9 1.5% 7.7% PRIVATE WAGES & SALARIES $620.0 1.8% 3.0% GOVERNMENT WAGES & SALARIES $173.8 0.5% 9.0% BILLIONS TRANSFER PAYMENTS $178.3 1.1% 24.2% BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 1300 1300 1200 1200 1100 1100 1000 1000 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 ORD 0 0 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 GER LIBRARY SOURCE: BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 A.1.2 - Wage and Salary Disbursements Selected Components THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO MANUFACTURING $213.8 2.6% -0.8% DISTRIBUTIVE INDUSTRIES $190.5 1.4% 5.4% BILLIONS SERVICE INDUSTRIES $157.0 1.3% 8.4% BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 225 225 200 200 175 175 150 150 125 125 100 100 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Personal Income advanced 1.5 percent to an annual rate of $1,256 billion in August. A major factor was the record expansion in Manufacturing Payrolls. Private Payrolls rose $10.8 billion, the largest dollar increase since 1946. The 1.8 percent increase from July was the largest monthly advance since December 1959. The Record increase in Manufacturing Payrolls was accompanied by larger than normal gains in the Distributive and Service Industries. Government Payrolls rose $800 million, up 0.5 percent. FORD & GERALD LIBRARY Transfer Payments increased $2.0 billion or 1.1 percent. A.1.3-CORPORATE PROFITS REVISED THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO BOOK PROFITS BEFORE TAX $113.3 12.0% -18.5% AFTER INVENTORY VALUATION $104.9 11.2% -0.7% ADJUSTMENT BILLIONS PROFITS AFTER TAX $70.3 12.8% -15.4% BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 160 160 150 150 140 140 130 130 120 120 INVENTORY PROFITS 110 110 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 GERAL FORD 40 LIBRABY SOURCE: BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 A.1.3 - Components of Corporate Profits THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TAX LIABILITY $43.0 10.3% -23.1% DIVIDENDS $34.0 0.6% 4.6% BILLIONS UNDISTRIBUTED PROFITS $36.3 27.4% -28.1% BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 65 65 55 55 45 45 35 35 25 25 15 15 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Corporate Profits Before Tax (revised second quarter data) rose $12.1 billion to an annual rate of $113.3 billion. The bulk of this advance reflected increased Profits from Current Production (After Inventory Valuation Adjustment), which rose $10.6 billion to $104.9 billion. Each of the revised profits estimates are $4.4 billion above the preliminary figures issued last month. FORD & GERALD LIBRARY Dividend Payments edged up slightly as the major share of the After Tax profits increase was retained as Undistributed Profits. A.1.3 - Corporate Profits Before Tax and Including Inventory Valuation Adjustment Manufacturing Industries THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO ALL MANUFACTURING $48.3 17.5% 3.2% NONDURABLE GOODS $30.4 11.4% 2.4% BILLIONS DURABLE GOODS $18.0 30.4% 5.3% BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 50 50 45 45 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 R FORD 10 GERALD 10 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 GER LIBRANI SOURCE: BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Most of the increase in Profits from Current Production occurred in Manufacturing. Up 17.5 percent to an annual rate of $48.3 billion. Profits of Durable Goods Industries rose 30.4 percent, accounting for nearly 60 percent of the total increase. Profits of Nondurable Goods Industries rose 11.4 percent. FORD i GERALD LIBRARY A.3.4 - Gross Average Weekly Earnings THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO CURRENT DOLLARS $165.5 1.2% 5.6% DOLLARS 1967 DOLLARS $101.8 1.1% -2,7% DOLLARS PER WEEK PER WEEK 170 170 160 160 150 150 140 140 130 130 120 120 110 110 100 100 90 RAID FORD 90 LIBRARY 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 A.3.4 - Spendable Average Weekly Earnings THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO CURRENT DOLLARS $149.4 1.1% 9.8% DOLLARS 1967 DOLLARS $91.9 0.9% 1.1% DOLLARS PER WEEK PER WEEK 160 160 150 150 140 140 130 130 120 120 110 110 100 100 90 90 80 80 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Real Gross Weekly. Earnings (in 1967 dollars and adjusted for seasonal change) increased 1.1 percent from July to August. Increase is a result of 0.7 percent increase in average hourly earnings and a 0.6 percent rise in average weekly hours which overcame a 0.2 percent rise in the Consumer Price Index. Real Spendable Earnings increased 0.9 percent from July to August. FORD i GERALD LIBRANY Over the past year, Real Spendable Earnings were up 1.1 percent. First time since February 1973, that real spendable earnings have increased over the year. A.4.1 - Industrial Production Index (1967=100) THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO MATERIALS 108.6 1.9% -15.5% TOTAL 112.9 1.3% -9.8% PRODUCTS 115.5 1.0% -6.5% INDEX INDEX 135 135 130 130 125 125 120 120 115 115 110 110 105 105 100 FORD 074439 THE LIBRARY 100 39 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Total Industrial Production grew 1.3 percent, the fastest one-month climb in almost three years. Fourth consecutive increase. Output advances were widespread among Products and Materials. Since the low point recorded in March, Products are up 2.8 percent. Materials, which reached a low of 104.9 in May, have since advanced a total of 3.5 percent. FORD i LIBRARY GERALD A.4.1 - Industrial Production Index Components of Products (1967=100) THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO CONSUMER GOODS 125.6 1.0% -3.2% FINAL PRODUCTS 116.0 1.0% -5.0% EQUIPMENT 102.9 1.1% -7.6% INDEX INDEX 140 140 130 130 120 120 110 110 100 100 90 90 80 80 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Components of Consumer Goods THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO CONSUMER DURABLES 117.3 2.2% -11.0% HOME GOODS 123.7 3.3% -12.4% INDEX INDEX 155 155 145 145 135 135 125 125 115 GERAL 115 105 FORD LIBRARY 105 95 95 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 A.4.1 - Industrial Production Index Components of Equipment (1967=100) THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO COMMERCIAL, TRANSIT, AND 117.2 1.8% -8.2% FARM EQUIPMENT BUSINESS EQUIPMENT 115,6 1.8% -10.2% INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT 114.4 1.9% -11.7% INDEX INDEX 145 145 135 135 125 125 115 115 105 105 95 95 85 85 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Final Products were up 1.0 percent with both Consumer Goods and Equipment sharing in the advance. Output of Consumer Goods rose 1.0 percent to a level of 125.6, 6.3 percent above its March low. Home Goods, such as carpeting, furniture, and appliances, led the advance, rising 3.3 percent. Production of Business Equipment expanded 1.8 percent, the first upswing in eleven FORD & GERALD LIBRARY months. All major categories shared in the increase. A.4.1 - Industrial Production Index Components of Materials (1967=100) THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO FUEL&POWER, INDUSTRIAL 116.9 -3.8% -5.3% NONDURABLE MATERIALS 115.2 1.8% -11.7% DURABLE MATERIALS 103.0 3.0% -19.6% INDEX INDEX 150 150 140 140 130 130 120 120 110 110 100 100 90 90 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Components of Durable Materials THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO IRON AND STEEL 87.0 0.5% -27.2% CONSUMER DURABLE PARTS 95.7 3.2% -18.6% EQUIPMENT PARTS 100.7 2.9% -20.0% INDEX INDEX 135 135 125 125 115 115 105 105 95 JERAMO 95 85 FORD LIBRANA 85 75 75 65 65 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SQURCE: BOARD OF GOVERNORS PF 1083 RESERVE SYSTEM A.4.1 - Industrial Production Index Components of Nondurable Materials (1967=100) THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TEXTILES, PAPER, CHEMICALS 121.7 2.7% -15.0% INDEX INDEX 150 150 145 145 140 140 135 135 130 130 125 125 120 120 115 115 110 110 105 105 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 The August increase in Materials reflected gains in both Durables and Nondurables. Industrial Fuel and Power was the only major category to decline, as strikes in the Coal Industry cut into production. Equipment Parts and Other Durable Materials (including Iron and Steel) experienced upturns after long periods of decline. Consumer Durable Parts moved up a strong 3.2 percent for a total gain of 16.6 percent since February. FORD & GERALD LIBRARY Nondurable Materials, heavily influenced by Textiles, Paper, and Chemicals, gained another 1.8 percent. Since March, Textiles, Paper, and Chemicals have advanced 14.6 percent. A.4.8 - Manufacturing and Trade Sales THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TOTAL SALES $169.4 2.2% 0.5% NONDURABLE GOODS $97.2 2.3% 5.3% BILLIONS DURABLE GOODS $72.2 2.2% -5.7% BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 180 180 160 160 140 140 120 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Manufacturing and Trade Inventories THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TOTAL INVENTORIES $263.9 -0.2% 6.1% DURABLE GOODS $157.5 -0.5% 9.3% BILLIONS NONDURABLE GOODS $106,4 0.3% 1.7% BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 300 300 250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 OH ERALD LIBRAR 50 50 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANAI YSTS A.4.8 - Inventory-To-Sales Ratio THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO DURABLE GOODS 2.18 -2.7% 15.3% NONDURABLE GOODS 1.09 -2.7% -3.5% RATIO RATIO 2.50 2.50 2.25 2.25 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.00 1.00 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Manufacturing and Trade Sales rose 2.2 percent in July, up 6.8 percent since the March turnaround. Nondurable Goods rose 2.3 percent. Durable Goods increased 2.2 percent, increasing for the fourth straight month. The decline in Manufacturing and Trade Inventories leveled off somewhat in July, decreasing only 0.2 percent. Inventory liquidation in Durable Goods continued for the sixth consecutive month, dropping 0.5 percent. Inventories of Nondurable Goods continued the upturn began last month, adding 0.3 percent. FORD & ERALD LIBRARY With the pickup in Sales and the recent Inventory declines, the Inventory to Sales ratios have substantially decreased from their previous peaks. A.5.3 - Balance of Payments Balance on Current Account and Long Term Capital Billions of Dollars 2 2 1 1 0 0 -1 -1 9 2 -2 -3 9 3 T 4 1 4 p p 5 90 6 -8 -7 -7 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis 22 September 1975 FORD & LIBRARY GERALD A.5.3 - Balance of Payments Balance on Current Account Billions of Dollars 5 5 4 & 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 & 2 -3 -3 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis 22 September 1975 The U.S. Balance of Payments on Current Account and Long Term Capital improved substantially in the second quarter, due largely to a record merchandise trade sur- plus. A surplus of $1.61 billion was recorded compared to a $673 million deficit in the first quarter. Largest surplus since $1.70 billion in first quarter of 1974. The Current Account component registered a surplus of $4.06 billion. Double the first quarter surplus. Largest quarterly gain since records were begun in 1960. GERALD ? FORD A.5.3 - Merchandise Trade Balance Billions of Dollars 35 35 3 3 25 25 2 2 15 15 1 1 05 05 0 0 -05 05 -1 -1 -15 15 -2 2 -25 25 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis 22 September 1975 LIBRARY GERALD ? FORD A.5.3 - Balance of Payments Selected Components THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO NET INVESTMENT INCOME $1.63 $.453 -$.335 NET LONG-TERM PRIVATE -$2.09 $.117 -$1.086 BILLIONS CAPITAL FLOWS BILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 4 4 2 2 0 0 -2 -2 -4 -4 -6 -6 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 The Merchandise Trade Balance registered a record $3.35 billion surplus in the second quarter. Up $1.52 billion since first quarter 1975. Net Investment Income up $453 million since first quarter 1975. Net Long-Term Private Capital Flows registered a $2.09 billion deficit in the second quarter, a decrease of $117 million from the first quarter's deficit of $2.20 billion. Smallest deficit since second quarter 1974. FORD & GERALD LIBRARY A.6.1 - Consumer Price Index (1967=100) THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO ALL SERVICES 167.4 0.5% 8.6% ALL ITEMS 162.8 0.2% 8.6% ALL COMMODITIES 160.2 0.2% 8.6% INDEX INDEX 170 170 165 165 160 160 155 155 150 150 145 145 140 140 135 135 130 130 125 125 120 120 115 115 110 110 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD The Consumer Price Index for All Items increased by 0.2 percent in August, or 2.4 percent at annual rates, a considerably slower pace than July's 1.2 percent climb. Smallest monthly increase since August 1972. A sudden halting of the recent food-price spiral and a slowing in price increases for fuels and other non-food items produced the slowdown. The All Commodities index increased 0.2 percent, well below the 1.5 percent surge registered in July. The Services index showed the same rate of increase as in July, 0.5 percent. FORD & GERALD LIBRANK A.6.1 - Consumer Price Index Food and Selected Components THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO FOOD 177.4 0.0% 9.4% MEATS, POULTRY, AND FISH 188.4 1.5% 17.0% FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 173.4 -2.9% 5.8% INDEX INDEX 195 195 185 185 175 175 165 165 155 155 145 145 135 135 125 125 115 115 105 105 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Transportation and Selected Components THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TRANSPORTATION 153.0 1.0% 8.7% GASOLINE & MOTOR OIL 176.5 1.1% 7.4% USED CARS 156.1 1.9% 18.3% INDEX INDEX 180 180 165 165 150 150 135 135 120 120 105 105 90 90 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 FORD & LIBRARY A.6.1 - Consumer Price Index Apparel and Upkeep THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO WOMEN'S AND GIRL'S APPAREL 141.1 1.8% 1.5% APPAREL AND UPKEEP 143.7 1.0% 3.0% INDEX INDEX 150 150 145 145 140 140 135 135 130 130 125 125 120 120 115 115 110 110 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 The Food index was unchanged in August after registering large increases in June and July. Prices for Fruits and Vegetables declined 2.9 percent after two successive months of sharp advances. Meats, Poultry and Fish increased by 1.5 percent, considerably slower than July's 3.5 percent spurt. The cost of Transportation continued to rise in August, although at a slower pace. The price of Gasoline and Motor Oil, which climbed 3.3 percent in July, rose 1.1 percent in August. Used Cars rose 1.9 percent, less than half the increase registered in July. The cost of Apparel and Upkeep accelerated in August. Higher prices for apparel accounted for about two-thirds of the overall rise in non-food items. LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD With the introduction of new fall styles, Women's and Girl's Apparel jumped 1.8 percent. A.6.1 - Consumer Price Index Housing Components THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO FUEL OIL & COAL 237.1 0.3% 6.7% RENT 138.0 0.5% 5.2% GAS & ELECTRICITY 172.1 0.6% 15.3% INDEX INDEX 250 250 225 225 200 200 175 175 150 150 125 125 100 100 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Health and Recreation THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO MEDICAL CARE 170.6 0.6% 11.0% HEALTH & RECREATION 154.4 0.4% 8.4% INDEX INDEX 180 180 170 170 160 160 150 150 140 140 130 130 120 120 110 110 RD 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 GERALD SOURCE: BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS LIBRARY 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 The August increase in Rent was slightly larger than in recent months, 0.5 percent compared to an average monthly increase of 0.4 percent in the first seven months of this year. Price increases for Fuel Oil and Coal slowed significantly, up 0.3 percent. Gas and Electricity were up 0.6 percent compared to 0.9 percent in July and 1.9 percent in June. The cost of Health and Recreation and Medical Care rose more slowly than in July. LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD A.7.1 - Privately-Owned Housing Units Started Annual Rates THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TOTAL UNITS STARTED 1,260 1.7% 9.0% 1 UNIT STRUCTURES 977 4.8% 18.3% THOUSANDS 5 OR MORE UNITS 221 -1.8% -19.6% THOUSANDS OF UNITS OF UNITS 2750 2750 2500 2500 2250 2250 2000 2000 1750 1750 1500 1500 1250 1250 1000 1000 750 750 500 500 250 250 0 0 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 FORD & GERALD LIBRART A.7.1 - Privately-Owned Housing Units Started By Region THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO SOUTH 477 10.9% 7.2% THOUSANDS NORTHEAST 144 -19,1% -8,3% THOUSANDS OF UNITS OF UNITS 1200 1200 1000 1000 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 0 0 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Work was begun on New Housing at a rate of 1,260,000 units in August. Second rise in a row and at highest level since July of last year. Starts of Single-Family Houses accounted for all of the slight gain in the August pace of Housing Starts. Up 4.8 percent. Apartment Construction slipped 1.8 percent, after increasing 47.1 percent in July. Regionally, the major changes were recorded in the South and the Northeast. The South, up 10.9 percent, was at the highest level since July 1974. The Northeast lost 19.1 percent, almost all of the gain reported in July. FORD & GERALD LIBRARY A.7.1 - Building Permits Issued for Privately-Owned Housing Units In 14,000 Permit-Issuing Places Annual Rates THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TOTAL UNITS AUTHORIZED 985 -5.5% 6.1% 1 UNIT STRUCTURES 715 0.6% 14.2% THOUSANDS 5 OR MORE UNITS 219 -16.4% -12.1% THOUSANDS OF UNITS OF UNITS 2500 2500 2250 2250 2000 2000 1750 1750 1500 1500 1250 1250 1000 1000 750 750 500 500 250 250 0 0 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD A.7.1 - Building Permits Issued By Region THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO SOUTH 302 -4.7% -5.6% THOUSANDS NORTH CENTRAL 221 -21.6% -2.6% THOUSANDS OF UNITS OF UNITS 1100 1100 900 900 700 700 500 500 300 300 100 100 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Building Permits were issued at an annual rate of 985,000 units in August, down 5.5 percent. First decline in five months, after a more than 50 percent increase since March. Permits for One-Unit Structures were virtually unchanged. Permits for Structures With 5 or More Units fell 16.4 percent, the largest decrease since January. All of the decline in the rate of new building permits came in the South and North Central regions. North Central down 21.6 percent. VAIT GERALD ? FORD South down 4.7 percent. A.7.1 - New Housing Units Completed Seasonally Adjusted at Annual Rates THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TOTAL 1,206 5.1% -27.1% ONE UNIT STRUCTURES 865 12.2% -7.4% STRUCTURES WITH 5 286 -12.3% -54.0% THOUSANDS UNITS OR MORE THOUSANDS OF UNITS OF UNITS 2250 2250 2000 2000 1750 1750 1500 1500 1250 1250 1000 1000 750 750 500 500 250 250 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 FORD is PERALD LIBRARY A.7.1 - New Housing Units Under Construction Not Seasonally Adjusted End of Month THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO TOTAL 1,092 1.5% -27.1% STRUCTURES WITH 5 479 -0.6% -40.8% UNITS OR MORE THOUSANDS ONE UNIT STRUCTURES 558 3.2% -9.4% THOUSANDS OF UNITS OF UNITS 1800 1800 1500 1500 1200 1200 900 900 600 600 300 300 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Privately-Owned Housing Units were completed at an annual rate of 1,206,000 during July 1975. Up 5.1 percent in July, compared to a 10.0 percent drop in June. Single-Unit Completions accounted for the overall increase, up 12.2 percent. Completions of Multi-Unit Structures continued to decline, down 12.3 percent. Dropped 44.8 percent since March. Housing Units Under Construction advanced 1.5 percent. Single-Unit Structures rose 3.2 percent, the fifth consecutive increase. FORD is GERALD LIBRARY Multi-Unit Structures Under Construction dropped 0.6 percent, continuing an almost uninterrupted 2 year slide. A.7.1 - Sales of New One-Family Homes Seasonally Adjusted THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO HOMES SOLD 521 -7.8% 2.4% (ANNUAL RATES) HOMES FOR SALE 381 1.1% -11.4% THOUSANDS (END OF MONTH) THOUSANDS OF UNITS OF UNITS 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 FORD & 078839 LIBRARY A.7.1 - Prices of New One-Family Homes Not Seasonally Adjusted THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO THOUSANDS MEDIAN SALES PRICE $39.2 2.9% 6.5% THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS OF DOLLARS 45 45 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Sales of New One-Family Houses were at an annual rate of 521,000 during July 1975, a 7.8 percent decline from June. Second consecutive monthly decline after a five month upswing in the first half of the year. Down 12.1 percent since May. The Inventory of Homes for Sale at the end of July rose 1.1 percent. First increase since February. 817 GERALD ? FORD The Median Sales Price rose 2.9 percent in July, after a 3.8 percent downturn in June. THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE BLACK POPULATION Prepared for the President and the Vice President SEPTEMBER 22, 1975 FORD & GERALD LIBRARY COMPILED BY THE FEDERAL STATISTICAL SYSTEM Coordinated by the Bureau of the Census at the request of the Statistical Policy Division, Office of Management and Budget Vincent P. Barabba, Director Joseph W. Duncan, Bureau of the Census Deputy Associate Director for Statistical Policy Office of Management and Budget Week of September 22, 1975 SOURCES OF DATA This report is compiled from "The Social and Economic Status of the Black Population in the United States, 1974", Bureau of the Census, Special Studies, Series P-23, No. 54. Data are from the following sources: Population, Family Structure, Education, Occupation, Income, Voter Participation U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, Series P-20, P-23, P-25, P-60, 1970 Decennial Census Employment U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Employment and Earnings" Health U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Center for Health Statistics, Monthly Vital Statistics Reports, and 1973 Health Interview Survey Housing U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Housing Report, Series H-150-73 Black Elected Officials Joint Center for Political Studies, "National Roster of Black Elected Officials" Crime U.S. Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, "National Crime Survey" TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Population A.1 Percent Distribution of the Population by Region: 1974 A.2 Average Annual Net Migration of the Black Population: 1940 to 1974 A.3 Percent Distribution of the Population, by Metropolitan-Nonmetro- politan Residence: 1974 B. Family Structure and Growth B.1 Percent of Families Headed By A Woman: Selected Years B.2 Own Children Living With Both Parents: 1970 and 1975 B.3 Own Children Living With Both Parents: 1974 B.4 Total Fertility Rates: 1960 to 1973 C. Education C.1 Persons 20 to 24 Years Old Who Completed Four Years of High School or More: Selected Years C.2 Enrollment of Blacks in College: 1970 to 1974 C.3 Persons 18 to 24 Years Old Enrolled in College: 1970 and 1974 D. Labor Force D.1 Unemployment Rates: 1960 to 1974 D.2 Employment in White Collar Occupations: Selected Years E. Income E.1 Median Income of Black Families: 1974 E.2 Ratio of Median Family Income of Blacks to Whites: 1967 to 1974 E.3 Persons Below the Low-Income Level: 1959 to 1974 E.4 Low-Income Blacks by Family Relationship: 1966 and 1974 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued F. Health F.1 Life Expectancy at Birth: 1973 F.2 Death Rates for the Four Leading Causes Among Black and Other Races: 1973 F.3 Infant Mortality Rates: 1960 and 1973 F.4 Percent of Persons Under 65 Years of Age With Hospital Insurance, by Family Income: 1972 G. Housing G.1 Percent Owner-Occupied Housing Units: 1973 G.2 Percent of Occupied Housing Units With 1.01 or More Persons Per Room: 1973 H. Voter Participation H.1 Percent Registration of the Black Population of Voting Age: 1966 to 1974 H.2 Black Elected Officials in the United States: 1969 to 1975 I. Crime I.1 Victimization Rates: 1973 1.2 Personal Victimization Rates for Crimes of Violence: 1973 INTRODUCTION This report presents an overview of the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the black population in the United States. The patterns of social and economic change which have emerged for black Americans in the 1970's are varied. Advances have been made in education, health, and in the election to public office. Progress in some other areas such as income and employment has been impeded partly as a result of the interrelationships of a num- ber of social and economic factors, such as changing family composition and work experience. patterns of family members, and more recently, as a result of inflation and economic recession. The black resident population increased by 1.4 million persons, or at an average annual rate of 1.6 percent, between April 1970 and April 1974. This is lower than the 1.8 percent average rate of growth in the 1960's. The most recent estimate of the black resident population was 24.4 million in April 1975. Slightly more than one-half, 53 percent, of all blacks reside in the South. About 40 percent reside in the North, and about 9 percent in the West. FORD & GERALD LIBRARY A.1 Percent Distribution of the Population by Region: 1974 BLACK WEST 9% NORTH CENTRAL 20% SOUTH 53% 18% NORTHEAST WHITE SOUTH WEST 18% 29% 28% 24% NORTHEAST NORTH CENTRAL Annuall GERALD R. FORD Source: Bureau of the Census 22 September 1975 After three decades of predominantly one-way migration - - out-migration from the South to the North and West - a new pattern of black migration appears to be emerging in the 1970's. The South has been experiencing a decline in the volume of black out-migration and, at the same time, an increase in black in-migration. During the 1960's there was an average annual net black out-migration of approximately 150,000 from the South. During the 1970's there appears to be an average annual net in-migration of 10,000 blacks to the South. LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD A.2 Average Annual Net Migration of the Black Population: 1940 to 1974 Thousands of Persons 200 150 INMIGRATION TO THE SOUTH 100 50 (+10,000) 0 -50 OUTMIGRATION FROM THE SOUTH -100 -150 (-150,000) (-150,000) (-160,000) -200 1940 - 50 1950 - 60 1960 - 70 1970 - 24. Source: Bureau of the Census 22 September 1975 FORD & GERALD LIBRARY In 1974, most blacks, 58 percent, lived in central cities of metropolitan areas. However, since 1970 the average annual rate of increase of the black population in central cities has been 1.6 percent, lower than the 2.9 percent annual rate observed in the 1960's. In 1974, 17 percent of the black population lived in metropolitan rings. Since 1970, the suburban black population has been increasing at a higher annual rate (4.4 percent) than that for whites (1.8 percent). However, blacks still make up only 5.1 percent of the suburban population. FORD i GERALD LIBRARY A.3 Percent Distribution of the Population By Metropolitan - Nonmetropolitan Residence: 1974 BLACK INSIDE CENTRAL CITIES 58% 24% 17% NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS METROPOLITAN RINGS WHITE INSIDE CENTRAL CITIES METROPOLITAN RINGS 26% 41% 33% NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS FORD & ALIBRANE GERALD Source: Bureau of the Census 22 September 1975 The proportion of black families headed by a woman (no spouse present) climbed from 28 percent in 1970 to 35 percent in 1975. White female heads as a percentage of all white families rose from 9 percent in 1970 to about 11 percent in 1975. FORD & LIBRARY GERALD B.1 Percent of Families Headed By a Woman: Selected Years 1965 1970 1975 Percent 50 45 40 35.5% 35 30 28:3% 25 23.7% 20 15 10.5% 10 90% 91% 5 0 Black White Source: Bureau of the Census 22 September 1975 FORD & LIBRA GERALD B.2 Own Children Living With Both Parents: 1970 and 1974 4 1970 1975 Percent 100 91% 88% 80 64% 60 56% 40 20 0 Black Children White Children Source: Bureau of the Census 22 September 1975 FORD & LIBRARY The proportion of own black children under 18 living in families with both a mother and father present declined markedly between 1970 and 1974 - from 64 to 56 percent. This parallels the rise in the number of black female heads of families. A smaller decline was noted for the comparable group of white children - from 91 to 88 percent. FORD & LIBRA GERALD B.3 Own Children Under 18 By Presence of Parents: 1974 (By 1973 Family Income) Black Children Percent Living With Both Parents Percent Living With One Parent Under $4,000 $4,000 to $5,999 $6,000 to $7,999 $8,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 and Over 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent White Children Under $4,000 $4,000 to $5,999 $6,000 to $7,999 $8,000 to $9,999 $10,000 to $14,999 $15,000 and Over 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Percent Source: Bureau of the Census JERALD FORD 22 September 1975 LIBRAR For blacks, the proportion of children living with both parents varied widely with the income status of the family. Among families with incomes under $4,000 in 1973, less than one-fifth of all black children were living with both parents. However, nearly 9 out of ten black children in families with income levels of $15,000 and over had both parents present. FORD & 0ERALD LIBRA B.4 Total Fertility Rates: 1960 to 1973 (Average Number of Births Per Woman in Her Lifetime) THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO BLACK AND OTHER RACES 2.47 N/A -6.8% WHITE 1.80 N/A -6.3% RATE RATE 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2,0 2,0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS FORD & LIBRA GERALD 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Fertility levels continued to fall in the 1970's. Between 1970 and 1973, total fertility rates (the average number of births that each woman would have in her lifetime) declined at about the same pace for black and white women. In 1973, the rate was 1.80 children per white woman, and 2.47 children per woman for blacks and other races. FORD & GERALD LIBRA, C.1 Persons 20 to 24 Years Old Who Completed Four Years of High School or More: Selected Years THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD FROM 1970 YEAR AGO WHITE FEMALES --- 85.0 2.4% N/A WHITE MALES 86.0 3.6% N/A BLACK FEMALES --- 75.0 11.9% N/A BLACK MALES 68.0 9.7% N/A PERCENT PERCENT 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 & OR 20 1960 1965 1970 1974 LUBRARY 20 GERAL SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 The proportion of high school graduates rose faster for blacks than for whites between 1970 and 1974. However, there was still a noticeable educational difference. Among young black men 68 percent were high school graduates in 1974 compared with 86 percent of white men. Among young black women 75 percent were high school graduates compared with 85 percent of white women. Only 41 percent of all blacks 25 years old and over are high school graduates compared with 72 percent of those 20 to 24 years old. FORD & LIBRARY GERALD C.2 Enrollment of Blacks in College: 1970 to 1974 Thousands of Persons 1000 814 800 727 680 684 600 522 400 200 0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 C.3 Persons 18 to 24 Years Old Enrolled in College: 1970 and 1974 Percent Enrolled in 1970 Percent Percent Enrolled in 1974 40 34% 30 28% 20% 21% 22% 20 16% 15% 16% 10 0 Men Women Men Women Black White Source: Bureau of the Census FORD & 07/199 LIBRAKI 22 September 1975 Between 1970 and 1974, the number of blacks enrolled in college grew from 522 thousand to 814 thousand, an increase of 56 percent. The number of whites enrolled in college grew by only 15 percent. However, within the last four years, college enrollment rates for young black men have continued to climb, while those for black women appear to have leveled off. In 1974 there was a higher proportion of young black men than women enrolled in college-20 percent among black men compared with 16 percent among black women. FORD & 03RA70 LIBRA D.1 Unemployment Rates: 1960 to 1974 THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO BLACK AND OTHER RACES 9,9 N/A 11.2% WHITE 5.0 N/A 16.3% PERCENT PERCENT 15 15 12 12 9 9 6 6 3 3 0 0 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES: RATIO THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO RATIO OF BLACK AND 2.0 N/A -4.8% OTHER RACES TO WHITE RATIO RATIO 2.5 2.5 2.0 2,0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 SOURCE: BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 FORD & CERTID LIBRAKI As labor market conditions deteriorated, jobless rates surged during late 1974 and early 1975. Unemployment among blacks and other races jumped from a 1974 annual rate of 9.9 percent to a seasonally adjusted rate of 13.7 percent for the first quarter of 1975, and 14.3 percent in the second quarter. Among whites, the rate increased from an annual rate of 5.0 percent in 1974 to a seasonally adjusted rate of 7.5 percent in the first quarter of 1975, and 8.2 percent in the second quarter. During this steep climb, unemployment rates for blacks generally remained about double those for whites. FORD & LIBRA D.2 Employment in White-Collar Occupations: Selected Years 1964 1970 1974 MEN 16% Black and Other Races 22% 24% 41% White 43% 42% WOMEN 22% Black and Other Races 36% 42% 61% White 64% 64% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Percent Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 22 September 1975 FORD & EERALD LIBRA, During the past decade there has been a greater degree of occupational upgrading among employed black and other races than among employed whites. During the past decade, the proportion of men of black and other races employed in white-collar jobs (a broad grouping which includes sales and clerical positions as well as higher level professional and managerial jobs) rose from 16 to 24 percent while the comparable percentages for whites remained just over 40 percent. Among women of black and other races the percentage in white-collar jobs nearly doubled during the decade from 22 percent to 42 percent, while the percentage for white women remained a little over 60 percent. The proportion of blacks employed as craft workers rose over the decade from 12 to 16 percent, while the proportion among whites remained at about 20 percent. FORD i LIBRARY 01RALD E.1 Median Income of Black Families By Type of Family: 1974 Dollars $14,000 $12,980 $12,000 $10,530 $10,000 $8,000 $7,810 $6,000 $4,470 $4,000 $2,000 0 All Total Wife in Paid Female-Headed Families Labor Force Families Husband-Wife Families Source: Bureau of the Census 22 September 1975 RALD ? FORD E.2 Ratio of Median Family Income of Blacks to Whites: 1967 to 1974 THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO HUSBAND-VIFE FAMILIES 0.75 N/A 2.7% FEMALE-HEADED FAMILIES 0.61 N/A -4.7% ALL FAMILIES 0.58 N/A 0.0% RATIO RATIO 0.80 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.70 0.70 0.65 0.65 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.50 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Husband-wife families generally have median incomes which are higher than those of other types of families, primarily because they are more likely to have two or more earners. In 1974, black husband-wife families with the wife in the paid labor force had a median income of about $13,000 compared to median incomes of $7,810 for all black families and about $4,500 for families headed by a woman. Between 1970 and 1974 the proportion of black families with wives in the paid labor force decreased from 36 to 33 percent. The proportion for their white counterparts increased from 34 to 37 percent. The median income ratio of black families to white families was 0.58 in 1974. It was 0.61 in 1970. During the mid and late 1960's. the ratio had risen. One of the more important factors contributing to the decline in the median income ratio since 1970 is the increase in the proportion of female-headed families. GERALD FORD ПВВАН, Since 1970, the number of low-income blacks has remained within a narrow range compared to the downward trend observed during the 1960's. In 1974, there were 7.5 million blacks and 16.3 million whites below the poverty, or low-income, level. This represents 31 percent of the black population, more than three times the comparable proportion of 9 percent for the white population. FORD & UNRALD LIBRARY SPECIAL E.3 Persons Below The Low-Income Level: 1959 to 1974 THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO WHITE 16.3 N/A 7.6% BLACK AND OTHER RACES 8.0 N/A 1.8% MILLIONS BLACK 7.5 N/A 1.0% MILLIONS OF PERSONS OF PERSONS 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 PERCENT OF PERSONS THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO BLACK 31.4 N/A 0.0% BLACK AND OTHER RACES 29.5 N/A -0.3% WHITE 8.9 N/A 6.0% PERCENT PERCENT 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 SOURCE: BUREAU OF THE CENSUS FORD & 03RALL LIBRARI 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 Between 1966 and 1974, black persons in families with a female head increased markedly as a proportion of all low income black persons - - from 36 to 56 percent. The opposite was true for persons in families with a male head. The percentage dropped from 56 to 31 percent. FORD is LIBR GERALD E.4 Low-Income Blacks By Family Relationship: 1966 and 1974 1966 UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS 9% PERSONS IN FAMILIES WITH A MALE HEAD 56% 36% PERSONS IN FAMILIES WITH A FEMALE HEAD (8,867 THOUSAND PERSONS) 1974 PERSONS IN FAMILIES WITH UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS A MALE HEAD 13% 31% 56% PERSONS IN FAMILIES WITH A FEMALE HEAD (7,467 THOUSAND PERSONS) Source: Bureau of the Census FORD & LIBRARY GERALD 22 September 1975 Among blacks, the average life expectancy at birth in 1973 was 61.9 years for males, and 70.1 years for females. Life expectancy for whites was higher among both sexes; 68.4 years and 76.1 years, respectively. 1817 BRALD R. FORD F.1 Life Expectancy At Birth: 1973 Black and Other Races White Years 100 90 80 761 701 70 68.4 61.9 8 50 40 30 20 10 0 Male Female Source: National Center for Health Statistics 22 September 1975 RALOR RALD R. FORD LIB F.2 Death Rates for the Four Leading Causes Among Black and Other Races: 1973 Deaths per 100,000 population Rate 600 555.7 Black and Other Races 500 White 465.1 425.4 400 361.7 300 200 189.6 170.1 153.0 117.9 98.5 100 75.9 65.8 33.6 32.7 8.3 14.6 2.8 0 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Major Cardiovascular Malignant Accidents Homicide Diseases Neoplasms Source: National Center for Health Statistics FORD R. LIBR 22 September 1975 F.3 Infant Mortality Rates: 1960 and 1973 (Infant Deaths Per 1,000 Live Births) 1960 1973 Rate 60 50 43.2 40 30 262 22.9 20 158 10 0 Black and Other Races White Source: National Center for Health Statistics 22 September 1975 In 1973 death rates for both sexes for major cardiovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms were considerably lower among blacks and other races than among their white counterparts. However, rates among blacks and other races were higher than among whites for two leading causes, accidents and homicide. The infant mortality rates for both blacks and whites have declined significantly in the 1960's and 1970's. The decline among blacks has been particularly striking. FORD & GERALD LIBRARY In 1960, the infant mortality rate for blacks was 43.2 per 1,000 live births, compared with 26.2 per 1,000 in 1973. F.4 Percent of Persons Under 65 Years of Age With Hospital Insurance Coverage: 1973 By Family Income Black and Other Races White Percent 100 91% 90 85% 80% 80 70 60 57% 50 45% 40 31% 30 20 10 0 Total, Under $5,000 $10,000 and Over All Families Family Income Source: National Center for Health Statistics 22 September 1975 FORD & LIBRA CERALD In 1972, blacks under 65 years of age were less likely to have hospital insurance coverage than whites. However, within each of the racial groups, hospital insurance coverage varied substantially by income level. Among the $10,000 and over income group, 85 percent of blacks had hospital coverage, more than double the 31 percent for blacks with income under $5,000. FORD i LIBRA 67V83 G.1 Percent Owner-Occupied Housing Units: 1973 Percent of Black Units which are Owner-occupied Percent of White Units which are Owner-occupied 36 Inside Central Cities 52 56 Metropolitan Rings 71 55 onmetropolitan Areas 74 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent G.2 Occupied Housing Units With 1.01 or More Persons Per Room: 1973 Percent of Black-occupied Units which are Crowded Percent White-occupied Units which are Crowded 11.5 wner-occupied Units 4.2 14.4 Renter-occupied Units FORD & LIBRA 57 0 2 4 B 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Percent Source: Bureau of the Census 22 September 1975 Blacks are less likely to own their own homes than whites. In 1973 about 43 percent of all black households lived in homes they owned or were buying, compared to 67 percent of white households. For both blacks and whites, home ownership rates were higher in nonmetropolitan areas and suburbs (metropolitan rings) than inside central cities. In 1973 the homeownership rate for blacks was very close to the 1970 level; however, there was a slight increase among whites. Blacks are more likely to live in "crowded" conditions than whites. The Department of Housing and Urban Development considers a housing unit with a ratio of 1.01 or more persons per room "crowded." Among black households, about 12 percent of the owner-occupied house- holds lived in units with 1.01 or more persons per room in 1973. This was about three times the proportion among white owner-occupied units. About 14 percent of black renter-occupied units were "crowded" compared to almost 6 percent among whites. GERALD 817 R. FORD H.1 Percent Voter Registration of the Black Population of Voting Age: 1966 to 1974 Registered and Did Not Vote Registered and Voted Percent 90 80 70 66% 65% 60% 61% 8 55% 50 40 30 20 10 0 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 Election Years Source: Bureau of the Census 22 September 1975 817 RALD R. FORD Voter registration rates for blacks in 1974 were at the lowest level reported for any of the last five general elections. In 1974 about 55 percent of the black electorate was registered to vote. About one-third of the black American electorate reported that they voted in the congressional election of 1974. This turnout was about 10 percentage points lower than the 1970 congressional election and 18 percentage points lower than the 1972 Presidential election. However, similar declines were noted for whites. By 1974 voter participation was at a low of 46 percent. is FORD ERALD H.2 Black Elected Officials in the United States: 1969 to 1975 THIS CHANGE CHANGE PERIOD LAST PER. YEAR AGO BLACK ELECTED OFFICIALS 3,503 N/A 17.1% IN THE UNITED STATES THOUSANDS THOUSANDS 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 SOURCE: JOINT CENTER FOR POLITICAL STUDIES 22 SEPTEMBER 1975 RALD FORD LIBRA More and more blacks are being elected to public office. In 1975, 3,503 blacks were holding elective office, nearly triple the 1969 figure of 1,185. BERALD R. FORD < I.1 Crime Victimization Rates: 1973 (Rate Per 1,000 Persons 12 Years Old and Over) Black White Rate 200 180 161 160 151 140 132 127 120 108 105 100 80 60 40 20 0 Total Male Female Source: Law Enforcement Assistance Administration 22 September 1975 'RIT GERALD R. FORD In 1973 the victimization rate for crimes of violence and common theft, including attempts, was not significantly different for blacks and whites - 132 and 127 per thousand persons 12 years old and over, respectively. Victimization rates for blacks and whites were generally higher among the males, and there is some evidence that the rate for black males was higher than that for white males. No difference exists between the rates for black and white females. ERALD R. FORD I.2 Personal Victimization Rates For Crimes of Violence: 1973 (Rate Per 1,000 Persons 12 Years Old and Over) Black White Rate 70 60 59 50 47 45 40 37 32 30 21 20 10 0 Total Male Female Source: Law Enforcement Assistance Administration 22 September 1975 FORD i LIB SERVID Blacks were much more likely than whites to have been the victims of violent crimes - 47 per 1,000 population for blacks compared with 32 per 1,000 population for whites. SERALD R. FORD SPECIAL