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24468979
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Korean Military Situation (Working File) (3)
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1
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id
24468979
contentType
document
title
Korean Military Situation (Working File) (3)
collections
National Security Council East Asian and Pacific Affairs Staff Files (Ford Administration)
Working Files on Guam, Micronesia, and Korea
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Korea
Korea (South)
Korea (North)
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24468979
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1976-07-31
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7
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1976
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1976-04-01
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4
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1976
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1
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The original documents are located in Box 35, folder "Korean Military Situation (Working File) (3)" of the NSC East Asian and Pacific Affairs Staff: Files, 1969-1977 at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 35 of NSC East Asian and Pacific Affairs Staff: Files, 1969-1977 at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet WITHDRAWAL ID 033396 REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ÇNational security restriction TYPE OF MATERIAL ÇMemorandum CREATOR'S NAME Jay Taylor RECEIVER'S NAME Brent Scowcroft TITLE Possible North Korean Initatives During 1976 CREATION DATE 04/22/1976 VOLUME 3 pages COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033700538 COLLECTION TITLE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. NSC EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS STAFF FILES BOX NUMBER 35 FOLDER TITLE Korean Military Situation (Working File) (3) DATE WITHDRAWN 04/21/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST TMH 2 NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet WITHDRAWAL ID 033397 REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ÇNational security restriction TYPE OF MATERIAL ÇReport TITLE North Korea May Have Army Light Infantry Units CREATION DATE 04/23/1976 VOLUME 10 pages COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033700538 COLLECTION TITLE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. NSC EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS STAFF FILES BOX NUMBER 35 FOLDER TITLE Korean Military Situation (Working File) (3) DATE WITHDRAWN 04/21/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST TMH Sanitized 3/30/04 NO Objection 10 Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 2 DIA REVIEWED 16-Oct-2003 SANITIZED FOR RELEASE IN PART NORTH KOREA MAY HAVE ARMY LIGHT INFANTRY UNITS (S/NOFORN) Brigade-sized light infantry units are believed to exist in five of the eight North Ko- rean Army corps. The 8th Corps, sometimes referred to as the 8th Special Corps, contains four light infantry brigades. The three forward corps -- 1st, 5th, and 2d -- each has two such units and the 4th Corps has one. These brigades are believed to be the army's elite forces. Although not yet confirmed, light infantry battalions similar to the light in- fantry brigades may exist in infantry divisions. These battalions would be of great value as elite vanguard forces during a major ground attack against South Korea. (S/NOFORN) 25x1 a North Korean Army (NKA) infantry platoon leader who de- fected on 25x1 , claims that a light infantry battalion was supordinate to his organization, the 25x1 5th Corps, on the South Korean border. He also said that the 73d Light DECLASSIFIED, with postions exampted Infantry Brigade (LIB) was subordinate to the 5th Corps and that another brigade-sized unit, gen- erally referred to as a "sniper brigade," existed NLF, DATE 5/18/05 within the 5th Corps area. (S/NOFORN) The NKA is believed to have 11 LIBs, two of which are unlocated and unidentified but are believed to be subordinate to the 5th Corps. Neither light infantry battalions organic to infantry divi- sions nor "sniper brigades" are presently included in the NKA order of battle. Although information AUTHORITY DIA RAC concerning actual composition, structure, and mis- sion of LIBs is sparse, it is now estimated that each has 3,200 men organized into eight lightly armed and equipped commando-type light infantry battalions. Personnel have reportedly been trained in such specialized missions as team- and small-unit BY GERALD (Continued) 23 Apr 76 DIA Weekly Intelligence Summary Page 11 SECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NO Objection 10 Deciassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 P 2 DIA REVIEWED 16-Oct-2003: SANITIZED FOR RELEASE IN PART NORTH KOREA MAY HAVE ARMY LIGHT INFANTRY UNITS (S/NOFORN) Brigade-sized light infantry units are believed to exist in five of the eight North Ko- rean Army corps. The 8th Corps, sometimes referred to as the 8th Special Corps, contains four light infantry brigades. The three forward corps -- 1st, 5th, and 2d -- each has two such units and the 4th Corps has one. These brigades are believed to be the army's elite forces. Although not yet confirmed, light infantry battalions similar to the light in- fantry brigades may exist in infantry divisions. These battalions would be of great value as elite vanguard forces during a major ground attack against South Korea. (S/NOFORN) 25x1 a North Korean Army (NKA) infantry platoon leader who de- fected on 25x1 , claims that a light infantry battalion was subordinate to his organization, the 25x1 5th Corps, on the South Korean border. He also said that the 73d Light DECLASSIFIED, with postions exempted Infantry Brigade (LIB) was subordinate to the 5th Corps and that another brigade-sized unit, gen- erally referred to as a "sniper brigade," existed within the 5th Corps area. AUTHORITY DIA RAC Review 10/16/03 NLF, DATE 5/18/05 (S/NOFORN) The NKA is believed to have 11 LIBs, two of which are unlocated and unidentified but are believed to be subordinate to the 5th Corps. Neither light infantry battalions organic to infantry divi- sions nor "sniper brigades" are presently included in the NKA order of battle. Although information concerning actual composition, structure, and mis- sion of LIBs is sparse, it is now estimated that each has 3,200 men organized into eight lightly armed and equipped commando-type light infantry battalions. Personnel have reportedly been trained + BY We in such specialized missions as team- and small-unit GERALD (Continued) 23 Apr 76 DIA Weekly Intelligence Summary Page 11 SECRET SECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 ASSESSED LIGHT INFANTRY BRIGADE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Light Infantry Brigade 430-0 2770-EM Command 1-0 1-EM No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 Headquarters Light Infantry 61-0 97-EM Battalion 46-0 344-EM -SECRET General Staff Political Political Safety Rear Service Department Signal Platoon Department Department Department THE 24-0 9-EM 6-0 I-EM 3-0 17-EM 27-0 1-0 28-EM Command 1-EM : 01 ON Headquarters Light Infantry 10-0 Company 8-EM MAJOR ITEMS OF EQUIPMENT 7-0 65-EM 7.62mm PISTOL 430 7.62mm ASSAULT RIFLE (AK) 2,570 7.62mm LMG (RP-46) 200 ANTITANK LAUNCHER (RPG-2) 200 82mm MORTAR UNKNOWN TRUCK (GAZ-69) 5 TRUCK (CARGO) 42 RADIO 61 AMBULANCE 1 MOBILE KITCHEN 9 SECRET GERALD FORD LIBRARY NO Objection 10 Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 SLGTET reconnaissance, ambush, line-of-communication (LOC) interdiction, assassinations, raids, and other special warfare- or special forces-type operations behind enemy lines. 25x1 indicated that light in- fantry battalions subordinate to NKA infantry divi- sions were established beginning in 1969 at the di- rection of President Kim Il-song. Subsequently, 25x1 claimed that the 73d LIB was activated directly sub- ordinate to the 5th Corps. (st Prior to 1969, foot reconnaissance stations (FRS) were deployed in the forward areas along the DMZ. Their primary missions were reconnaissance and assist- ing North Korean agents to infiltrate through the DMZ into South Korea. FRS units also conducted cross- border raids. When the FRS were reportedly disbanded during major reorganizations in 1969-70, the LIB be- came a partial replacement. DMZ-reconnaissance and agent-infiltration activities were apparently not in- cluded among its missions. Recorded DMZ incidents declined from 542 during 1968 to only 71 in 1970. (C/NOFORN) Although 25x1 could not provide a de- tailed list of LIB equipment, he did claim to have seen certain major items associated with these units. For example, LIB personnel were issued 7.62-mm AK-47 assault rifles that are lighter than the standard fixed wooden-stock model issued to divisional infan- try personnel. This weapon is probably a North Korean-produced weapon similar to the Soviet AKM with a folding metal stock. (S) In addition, 60-mm mortars and RPG-7 anti- tank grenade launchers were reportedly organic to the brigade. Although these weapons systems have not been confirmed in the LIB arsenal, it is con- ceivable that they were locally produced or pro- cured models designed for units whose missions require speed, stealth, and rapid mobility. In (Continued) FORD LIBRARY is GENALD 23 Apr 76 DIA Weekly Intelligence Summary Page 12 SECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30.: NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NO Objection 10 Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5. SECRET 25X1 FORD s GERALD SECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NO Objection 10 Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 SECRET the case of the 60-mm mortar, it could be a North Korean-produced version similar to the Chinese Type 31 (M1942) or the improved Type 63, which is much lighter and easier to handle. (S/NOFORN) 25x1 also said that LIB training emphasized offensive and ambush operations as well as activities in mountainous terrain. Earlier in- formation had indicated that LIB personnel were instructed primarily in unconventional warfare and special forces-type tactics to be conducted behind enemy lines. (S) The reference to offensive operations is particularly interesting. The two DMZ tunnels con- structed by the North Koreans and discovered in November 1974 and March 1975, respectively, were obviously designed for infiltrating personnel be- hind South Korean forward defenses. In a coordi- nated offensive against the South, light infantry units would most likely use these tunnels. These lightly armed and equipped personnel would be em- ployed against the rear areas of the forward South Korean divisions, forcing them to fight on two fronts. These tactics would create confusion and chaos in division command posts and support areas and perhaps more importantly, deny resupply and reinforcements. Armed with small arms, 60-mm mortars, and RPG-7 rocket launchers, such a battalion/brigade force would be difficult to destroy or dislodge quickly and could be instru- mental in aiding a major breakthrough by regular NKA forces. (s) It is misleading to categorize the LIB as an "unconventional warfare" force. If LIB forces have been trained for offensive tactics, they have the capability to augment regular infan- try divisional forces in offensive operations, to act independently for short periods behind enemy lines, and to combine with other combat forces in a coordinated assault. (Continued) FORD LIBRAR is DERALD 23 Apr 76 DIA Weekly Intelligence Summary Page 13 SECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NO Objection 10 Deciassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5. SECRET 25X1 GERALD R. FORD LIDRARY -SECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NO Objection 10 Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 (S/NOFORN) 25x1 recalled two types of training facilities in the 12th Division area that were used for conventional offensive operations by personnel of the light infantry battalion. He said the first contained five or six dummy tanks constructed to scale from concrete and wood. These mock-ups were used for "tank-destruction training." 25x1 25x1 25x1 (S/NOFORN/WNINTEL) The second training facility described by 25x1 was an HONEST JOHN surface-to-air guided-missile site. The dummy missile was said to be the only training device used and was constructed of small logs less than one and one-half meters long. 25x1 (S/NOFORN) According to 25x1 descrip- tion, the light infantry battalions organic to the for- ward infantry divisions would operate in South Korea up to a depth of 16 kilometers, whereas corps light infantry brigades would penetrate 40 kilometers. Thus, light infantry battalions would operate under divisional control against military targets along and to the rear of the South Korean forward edge of the battle area. Forward corps LIBs would operate against deeper mili- tary targets within the areas of responsibility of the 1st and 3d Republic of Korea Armies. It would logi- cally follow that 8th Corps LIBs could be intended for long-range penetration missions; for example, against targets in the 2d Republic of Korea Army. (Continued) 23 Apr 76 DIA Weekly Intelligence Summary Page 14 SECRET GEERLO & FORD No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NO Objection 10 Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-INSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5, SECRET 25X1 FORD LIBRARY & GERALD SECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NO Objection 10 Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_FA-35-2-2-5 (S/NOFORN) Although not intended primarily for unconventional warfare, divisional and corps-level light infantry units would certainly be capable of such operations. In conjunction with a major NKA attack across the DMZ, their primary missions would be to assault and ambush such specified targets as command posts, LOCs, artillery, armor, and surface- to-air missile units to the rear of the forward or frontline South Korean defensive forces, as well as similar targets deeper within the combat zones of the 3d and 1st Republic of Korea Armies. The North has very likely organized special light infantry bat- talions organic to at least the frontline infantry divisions to function in a fashion similar to the corps' light infantry brigades. (S/NOFORN/WNINTEL) Although reliable informa- tion on NKA divisional light infantry battalions is sparse, it is becoming increasingly apparent that Pyongyang will continue to emphasize the development of a highly flexible special-warfare force designed primarily for offensive operations. In recent years, there has also been increasing evidencf2 light in- fantry unit training, pointing to a comparable em- phasis by the North Koreans on improving these forces. (XGDS-2 Declassify upon notification of originator) 25x1 DIR-2C 25x1 DIR-5E FURD BERALD LIBRAR 23 Apr 76 DIA Weekly Intelligence Summary Page 15 -CECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NO Objection 10 Deciassification 2004/03/30 : NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5, SECRET 25X1 GERATE FORD GRAND SECRET No Objection To Declassification 2004/03/30 NLF-NSC_EA_PA-35-2-2-5 NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet WITHDRAWAL ID 033641 REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ÇNational security restriction TYPE OF MATERIAL ÇReport DESCRIPTION Re North Korea CREATION DATE 05/16/1976 VOLUME 13 pages COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033700538 COLLECTION TITLE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. NSC EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS STAFF FILES BOX NUMBER 35 FOLDER TITLE Korean Military Situation (Working File) (3) DATE WITHDRAWN 05/11/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST TMH NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet WITHDRAWAL ID 033642 REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ÇNational security restriction TYPE OF MATERIAL ÇReport DESCRIPTION Re North & South Korea CREATION DATE 06/04/1976 VOLUME 1 page COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033700538 COLLECTION TITLE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. NSC EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS STAFF FILES BOX NUMBER 35 FOLDER TITLE Korean Military Situation (Working File) (3) DATE WITHDRAWN 05/11/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST TMH 5 NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet WITHDRAWAL ID 033643 REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ÇNational security restriction TYPE OF MATERIAL ÇCable DESCRIPTION Re North Korea CREATION DATE 07/26/1976 VOLUME 2 pages COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033700538 COLLECTION TITLE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. NSC EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC AFFAIRS STAFF FILES BOX NUMBER 35 FOLDER TITLE Korean Military Situation (Working File) (3) DATE WITHDRAWN 05/11/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST TMH