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the aspirations of large segments of the popu-
"dictatorships" such as Argentina, Venezuela,
lation toward a greater degree of democracy
Nicaragua, Peru, and the Dominican Republic.
remain unfulfilled, the Communists are able
Latin American Communists will oppose all
to exploit their pose as champion of the peo-
strengthening of the inter-American system
ple. Today Communists are still tolerated
by arousing suspicions of the US and by allying
and sometimes welcomed in the educational
themselves with isolationist and extreme na-
systems of Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico,
tionalistic elements in countries where they
Panama, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and in this
have influence.
way are able to develop student or youth move-
C. Impairing Political Stability.
ments susceptible to Soviet influence.
With the possible exception of the two
Soviet-Communist efforts to gain support
French islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe,
will consist largely of propaganda exploitation
the Communists by themselves do not possess
of latent anti-US sentiment. Although Com-
anywhere in the area the capability of gaining
munist influence in Latin America has de-
firm political control either by peaceful means
creased over the last three years, there is no
or by overthrowing a government. Because
evidence that the Communists intend in the
of special situations in several countries, how-
near future to intensify efforts to gain con-
ever, they do have the capability of causing
trol of such propaganda outlets as newspapers
considerable dissension between existing fac-
and radio stations.
tions to the point of impairing political sta-
b. Lessening of Hemisphere Solidarity.
bility or of shifting the balance of political
The Communists in Latin America cannot
power by entering into combinations with one
prevent cooperation and mutual support
of the existing factions. The Communists are
among nations of the Western Hemisphere but
also capable in some countries of causing a de-
they are capable of reducing cooperation and
gree of violence that would embarrass the ad-
harmony by exploiting historical antagonisms,
ministration.
racial issues, opposed intensely nationalistic
The chronically unstable governments in
sentiments, and conflicting sectional interests.
Bolivia and Ecuador continue to exist largely
At the moment, Communists in Argentina,
because of dissension among opposition forces,
Brazil, and Mexico, can add their weight to
of which Communists are one small group.
local isolationism and augment the forces at-
Communist capabilities are probably slightly
tempting to prevent the governments of those
greater in Bolivia. A combination between
countries from making effective offers of mili-
the PIR (the leftist opposition party which in-
tary or other assistance to the UN in Korea.
cludes most local Communists and is thor-
On the issue of a corridor to the sea for Bo-
oughly Marxist in orientation, and commands
livia, Communists can add slightly to the fric-
considerable popular support) and the other
tion between Bolivia, Peru, and Chile, and at
opposition party, the rightist MNR, might be
the same time increase suspicion of the US;
strong enough to overthrow the government
they can help keep alive and develop the issue
and would result in chaotic conditions. In
of the boundary between Ecuador and Peru;
Ecuador, the otherwise negligible Communist
they can exploit racial issues, especially in the
strength might, if added to an existing oppo-
Caribbean area pointing to racial inequality in
sition coalition, furnish the slight edge neces-
the US; they can add their voices to those who
sary to ensure the downfall of the government.
oppose colonialism in the Western Hemisphere
The Ecuadoran Communists, however, could
and who, for example, would like to see Belize
not form such a coalition, but could only re-
made a part of Guatemala or who have sym-
pathy for a movement to "free" Puerto Rico
spond to overtures for their support.
from the US. In such countries as Mexico,
The Communists in Chile might have con-
Cuba, Chile, and Uruguay, liberal democratic
siderable political power within their grasp if
aversion to "dictatorial" rulers can be ex-
they are successful in combining with other
ploited by the Communists to make relations
leftist groups. They still have appreciable
more difficult between these countries and the
public support, and, through their labor fol-
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"ocrText": "SECRET\n3\nthe aspirations of large segments of the popu-\n\"dictatorships\" such as Argentina, Venezuela,\nlation toward a greater degree of democracy\nNicaragua, Peru, and the Dominican Republic.\nremain unfulfilled, the Communists are able\nLatin American Communists will oppose all\nto exploit their pose as champion of the peo-\nstrengthening of the inter-American system\nple. Today Communists are still tolerated\nby arousing suspicions of the US and by allying\nand sometimes welcomed in the educational\nthemselves with isolationist and extreme na-\nsystems of Chile, Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico,\ntionalistic elements in countries where they\nPanama, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and in this\nhave influence.\nway are able to develop student or youth move-\nC. Impairing Political Stability.\nments susceptible to Soviet influence.\nWith the possible exception of the two\nSoviet-Communist efforts to gain support\nFrench islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe,\nwill consist largely of propaganda exploitation\nthe Communists by themselves do not possess\nof latent anti-US sentiment. Although Com-\nanywhere in the area the capability of gaining\nmunist influence in Latin America has de-\nfirm political control either by peaceful means\ncreased over the last three years, there is no\nor by overthrowing a government. Because\nevidence that the Communists intend in the\nof special situations in several countries, how-\nnear future to intensify efforts to gain con-\never, they do have the capability of causing\ntrol of such propaganda outlets as newspapers\nconsiderable dissension between existing fac-\nand radio stations.\ntions to the point of impairing political sta-\nb. Lessening of Hemisphere Solidarity.\nbility or of shifting the balance of political\nThe Communists in Latin America cannot\npower by entering into combinations with one\nprevent cooperation and mutual support\nof the existing factions. The Communists are\namong nations of the Western Hemisphere but\nalso capable in some countries of causing a de-\nthey are capable of reducing cooperation and\ngree of violence that would embarrass the ad-\nharmony by exploiting historical antagonisms,\nministration.\nracial issues, opposed intensely nationalistic\nThe chronically unstable governments in\nsentiments, and conflicting sectional interests.\nBolivia and Ecuador continue to exist largely\nAt the moment, Communists in Argentina,\nbecause of dissension among opposition forces,\nBrazil, and Mexico, can add their weight to\nof which Communists are one small group.\nlocal isolationism and augment the forces at-\nCommunist capabilities are probably slightly\ntempting to prevent the governments of those\ngreater in Bolivia. A combination between\ncountries from making effective offers of mili-\nthe PIR (the leftist opposition party which in-\ntary or other assistance to the UN in Korea.\ncludes most local Communists and is thor-\nOn the issue of a corridor to the sea for Bo-\noughly Marxist in orientation, and commands\nlivia, Communists can add slightly to the fric-\nconsiderable popular support) and the other\ntion between Bolivia, Peru, and Chile, and at\nopposition party, the rightist MNR, might be\nthe same time increase suspicion of the US;\nstrong enough to overthrow the government\nthey can help keep alive and develop the issue\nand would result in chaotic conditions. In\nof the boundary between Ecuador and Peru;\nEcuador, the otherwise negligible Communist\nthey can exploit racial issues, especially in the\nstrength might, if added to an existing oppo-\nCaribbean area pointing to racial inequality in\nsition coalition, furnish the slight edge neces-\nthe US; they can add their voices to those who\nsary to ensure the downfall of the government.\noppose colonialism in the Western Hemisphere\nThe Ecuadoran Communists, however, could\nand who, for example, would like to see Belize\nnot form such a coalition, but could only re-\nmade a part of Guatemala or who have sym-\npathy for a movement to \"free\" Puerto Rico\nspond to overtures for their support.\nfrom the US. In such countries as Mexico,\nThe Communists in Chile might have con-\nCuba, Chile, and Uruguay, liberal democratic\nsiderable political power within their grasp if\naversion to \"dictatorial\" rulers can be ex-\nthey are successful in combining with other\nploited by the Communists to make relations\nleftist groups. They still have appreciable\nmore difficult between these countries and the\npublic support, and, through their labor fol-"
}