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    Environmental Information Program (4)
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    Records of the White House Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff (Reagan Administration)
    Michael Deaver's Subject Files
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    https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/presidential-libraries/reagan/7065183/40-137-7065183-038-018-2016.pdf
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    1985-12-31
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    1981-01-01
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    Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Deaver, Michael Folder Title: Environment Information Program (4) Box: 38 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ National Wildlife Refuge BRIGANTINE S. OF THE INTERIOR As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of U. our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor March 3, 1849 recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island territories under U.S. administration. U.S. FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service RL 52510-1 March 1982 PKY 542 C'O Tuckerton Little Egg STATE New Gretna OCEAN CO. OCEANINGTON BURLINGTON Harbor Pipers IGARDEN Cove Лой Beach Haven co ONE INTERNATIONAL Beach Haven Great Heights 9 Bay Holgate CO. Smithville ATLANTIC CO. Little Egg Inlet Leeds Point Oceanville ++++ Little Beach Island Page REFUGE HQ. Little STATEKY. Bay Reeds Brigantine Bay Inlet IGARDEN 9 0 30 322 OCEAN ANTIC Brigantine SCALE Other than waterfowl, shore birds, gulls, terns and rails comprise the bulk of the birdlife found here. A list of over 275 species is available upon request. Due to the nature and relatively small acreage of the upland habitat, mammals consists primarily of the whitetail deer, red fox, gray fox, striped skunk, opossum, red squirrel, gray squirrel, cottontail, mink, and muskrat. The mud flats and channels in and around the refuge have supported clams and oysters, which ve been dug commercially through the years. In the early days, salt marsh hay was an important crop of the marshes for use as bedding for domestic stock and for packing bananas for shipment. Some of the marshes were drained in the early thirties through a network of ditches when other methods for controlling mosquitoes were unknown. Sport fishing and public hunting are permitted on the refuge as published in the Federal Register each year. Arrangement for transportation and gear may be made with private concessions in the vicinity. BRANT Features and wildlife of the refuge provide desirable combinations for nature study, ornithology, photography, sketching, and scien- tific study. An excellent tour route circuits the waterfowl impoundments, and a Self-Guided Tour leaflet is available. There are convenient lunch areas enroute, and there is a public restroom at the headquarters. Inquiries should be addressed to the Refuge Manager, Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge, P. 0. Box 72, Oceanville, New Jersey 08231. Telephone: 609-652-1665. HOLGATE UNIT This unit of 256 acres at the extreme south end of Long Beach Island, was a gift to the U.S. Department of the Interior from the National Audubon Society on June 30, 1960. This barrier beach habitat is an important nesting area for black skimmers, terns, and other mi- gratory birds. This entire unit is included within the established National Wilderness Area. A separate leaflet is available for this unit. Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge is on the Atlantic coast in New Jersey, approximately 60 miles from Philadelphia and 11 miles from Atlantic City. The headquarters are less than 1 mile east of the village of Oceanville on U.S. 9. Numerous excellent highway routes converge nearby. The Garden State Parkway passes only 6 miles away. Railway and air transportation serve Atlantic City, while bus routes pass through Ocean- ville. The Intracoastal Waterway bisects the refuge and nautical travelers will find boat landings in close proximity. The 20,229 acres of the refuge consist primarily of cordgrass-saltgrass tidal marsh interspersed with tidal bays and channels. Brush upland areas along the western portion of the refuge support a scat- tered cover of scrub pine, mixed hardwoods, Japanese honeysuckle and miscellaneous other vegetation. Parts of the upland habitat are planted in wildlife food and cover plants and grasslands. Approximately 1600 acres of the saltmarsh has been diked, resulting in a gradual conversion to fresh water habitat fed from upland runoff and precipitation. The resulting increase in habitat diversity has contributed significantly to the enhancement of the diversity of wildlife. A total of 6603 acres of pristine saltmarsh and barrier beach have been designated as a National Wilderness Area pursuant to the Wilderness Act of September 3, 1964. OSPREY Brigantine Refuge was established in 1939, primarily for the protection and management of waterfowl in the Atlantic Flyway. Most of the birds of this flyway nest in Canada, and some of them winter south into Florida and along the Gulf of Mexico. The area has been of special benefit to the brant and black duck. Many waterfowl, such as the Canada goose, pintail, gadwall, and shoveler, which formerly by- passed this vicinity, now stop for visits for varying lengths of time depending on season, weather conditions, and other factors. Wintering populations of waterfowl have continually increased, and now normally surpass 150,000 birds. The brant, a small goose seldom found far from the sea, finds its major protection on waterfowl refuges. Like the snow goose, it breeds in far northern regions and winters on a small section of the Atlantic coast from New Jersey to North Carolina. It migrates chiefly over water, and its distribution within the United States is confined almost entirely to a narrow belt along the coast. A few years ago, the brant was faced with the complete destruction of its winter forage. Eei- grass, until recently, has always been the chief winter food of this species. Heavy growths of the rib- bonlike plant formerly covered the tide flats in almost every coastal bay and sound from North Carolina to Nova Scotia. Around 1930, a blight suddenly struck the eelgrass all along the coast, and within a period of a year or two most of it had disappeared. Fortunately, in some locations, beds of eelgrass have now recovered. Also, brant have adapted. to the point where they now feed extensively on a marine algae known as sea lettuce. This plant, also locally called hav cabbage. occurs in the tidal hays and sounds of the coastal region. and has become s S F W Vesper Sparrow ou Lark Sparrow r r Dark-eyed Junco u CU Tree Sparrow r u Chipping Sparrow+ COC Birds Field Sparrow+ COCO White-crowned Sparrow r o r White-throated Sparrow C C C Fox Sparrow u uu Swamp Sparrow crcc Song Sparrow сисс Lqpland Longspur o Snow Bunting u uu NOTES Location Date Total Of Observers Weather Wind Chincoteague NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Time An additional list of accidental species seen only once or twice on the refuge is available on re- quest. Please report any sightings of birds not in The topography of Chincoteague Refuge agreement with this list to: consists of wide sandy beach backed by a series of low dunes which fall away to ex- tensive salt marshes bordering Chincoteague Refuge Manager Bay. Some parts of the refuge, particularly Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge the southern end, also contain extensive areas of pine and oak interspersed with P.O. Box 62 Chincoteague, Virginia 23336 ponds and potholes. Several shallow fresh- water impoundments were developed to make the refuge more attractive to water- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR fowl. Thousands of brant, geese, and ducks DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEREST OF Fish and Wildlife Service winter on the refuge. Shorebirds are an out- standing feature of the migration periods. * Large numbers of herons and egrets can ONNY WILDUTE SERVICE RL-51570-2 usually be found on the impoundments March 1976 $ from mid-spring to late fall. VULTURES - HAWKS - EAGLES - QUAIL- Most birds are migratory therefore their seasonal RAILS - COOTS - PLOVERS occurrence is coded as follows: s S F W s S F W Great Egret⁺ caau SEASON Snowy Egret⁺ aaar Turkey Vulture 0000 Louisiana Heron⁺ caao Sharp-shinned Hawk u CU Spring March-May Black-crowned Night Heron⁺ ссси Cooper's Hawk u uu S - Summer June-August Yellow-crowned Night Heron 0000 Red-tailed Hawk. uouu F - Fall September-November Least Bittern⁺ rrr Red-shouldered Hawk o 00 W - Winter December-February American Bittern u uu Rough-legged Hawk r ro += Nesting has occurred on the refuge Bald Eagle o 00 Glossy Ibis⁺ cacr Marsh Hawk⁺ COCC RELATIVE ABUNDANCE White Ibis rrr Osprey⁺ CCC Mute Swan Peregrine Falcon o uo a - abundant ooor a species which is very numerous. Whistling Swan Merlin o ur c - common certain to be seen or heard in u uu Canada Goose American Kestrel urcu suitable habitat. arac Brant present, but not certain to be a a a u - uncommon Bobwhite+ aaaa Snow Goose C CU King Rail⁺ uouo seen. 0 - occasional Fulvous Tree Duck rrrr seen only a few times during Clapper Rail⁺ aaau Mallard⁺ сисс a season. Virginia Rail⁺ uuuu Black Duck+ acaa r rare seen at intervals of 2 to 5 years. Sora u u Gadwall⁺ cccc Black Rail⁺ rrr Pintail crcc Common Gallinule ouu The 262 species listed here are in accordance with Green-winged Teal arac American Coot coac the fifth (1959) A.O.U. Check List as amended. Blue-winged Teal⁺ acar European Wigeon rr American Oystercatcher cucu American Wigeon Semipalmated Plover CCC araa LOONS - GREBES - COMORANTS - Northern Shoveler aoaa Piping Plover⁺ CCU HERONS - IBISES - SWANS, GEESE, & DUCKS Wood Duck⁺ Wilson's Plover⁺ uu ooor Redhead Killdeer¹ uuuu o 00 s S F W Ring-necked Duck American Golden Plover ..... ro o uu arac Canvasback Black-bellied Plover Common Loon r uu cucu Red-throated Loon Greater Scaup u uu Ruddy Turnstone ссси CCC Lesser Scaup u uu Red-necked Grebe r rr Common Goldeneye u uu SNIPES - SANDPIPERS - PHALAPOPES - Horned Grebe araa Bufflehead a ca GULLS & TERNS - SKIMMERS Pied-billed Grebe⁺ CUCC Oldsquaw C UC Gannet u uu Common Eider rrr s S F W White-winged Scoter C CU American Woodcock uo Double-crested Cormorant ... CCU Surf Scoter a a a Common Snipe C CU Common Scoter CCC Whimbrel caur Great Blue Heron CCCC Ruddy Duck COCC Upland Sandpiper rr Green Heron⁺ cccr Hooded Merganser u C C Spotted Sandpiper CUC Little Blue Heron⁺ ccao Common Merganser uu Solitary Sandpiper ruu Cattle Egret⁺ cccr Red-breasted Merganser crcc Willet⁺ aaur DOVES - CUCKOOS - OWLS - NIGHTHAWKS - HUMMINGBIRDS . KINGFISHERS - WOODPECKERS s S F W Greater Yellowlegs CCCU s S F W Lesser Yellowlegs ccao Red Knot Rock Dove ccur rrrr Pectoral Sandpiper UCC Mourning Dove⁺ cccc White-rumped Sandpiper ruu Yellow-billed Cuckoo⁺ CCC Baird's Sandpiper rro Black-billed Cuckoo⁺ uru Least Sandpiper a a a o Curlew Sandpiper Barn Owlt rrrr 0000 Dunlin Screech Owlt cccc auaa Short-billed Dowitcher Great Horned Owl⁺ cccc a a c o Long-billed Dowitcher Short-eared Owl 00 rroo Stilt Sandpiper rcu Chuck-will's-widowt C C Semipalmated Sandpiper aaa Common Nighthawk+ ucu Western Sandpiper cuco Buff-breasted Sandpiper Chimney Swift+ CCC r Marbled Godwit Ruby-throated Hummingbird uuu ruo Hudsonian Godwit uo Belted Kingfisher сисс Ruff 00 Sanderling Common Flicker⁺ ccac aaac American Avocet Red-bellied Woodpecker rroo rour Black-necked Stilt Red-headed Woodpecker orr rr Wilson's Phalarope 00 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker rro Northern Phalarope Hairy Woodpecker r 00 r r Downy Woodpecker+ uuuu Glaucous Gull o o Iceland Gull o o Great Black-backed Gull сисс Herring Gull⁺ acaa Ring-billed Gull acaa Laughing Gull⁺ aaar Bonaparte's Gull u uu Little Gull rrrr Gull-billed Tern⁺ uuo Forster's Tern⁺ aaar Common Tern+ aaao Roseate Tern r Least Tern⁺ ccr Royal Tern⁺ CCC Sandwich Tern rrr Caspian Tern COC Black Tern uaa Black Skimmer+ cccr Dovekie r WOOD PEWEE VULTURES - HAWKS - EAGLES. QUAIL- DOVES - CUCKOOS - OWLS - NIGHTHAWKS RAILS - COOTS - PLOVERS s S F W HUMMINGBIRDS - KINGFISHERS - WOODPECKE s S F W s S F W caau Greater Yellowlegs ссси aaar 0000 Lesser Yellowlegs SSFW Turkey Vulture ccao caao Sharp-shinned Hawk Red Knot ccur Rock Dove u CU rrrr ссси Cooper's Hawk u uu Pectoral Sandpiper UCC Mourning Dove⁺ cccc 0000 Red-tailed Hawk. uouu White-rumped Sandpiper ruu Yellow-billed Cuckoo⁺ CCC rrr Red-shouldered Hawk o 00 Baird's Sandpiper rro Black-billed Cuckoo⁺ uru uu Rough-legged Hawk r ro Least Sandpiper a a a o Bald Eagle Curlew Sandpiper Barn Owl⁺ o 00 rrrr 0000 cacr Marsh Hawk⁺ Dunlin Screech Owl⁺ cocc auaa cccc rrr Osprey⁺ Great Horned Owl⁺ CCC Short-billed Dowitcher a a c o cccc ooor Peregrine Falcon 0 Long-billed Dowitcher Short-eared Owl uo rroo 00 uu Merlin o ur Stilt Sandpiper rcu Chuck-will's-widowt C C arac American Kestrel urcu Semipalmated Sandpiper aaa Common Nighthawk+ ucu a a Bobwhite Western Sandpiper cuco aaaa CU Buff-breasted Sandpiper r Chimney Swift+ CCC King Rail⁺ uouo rrrr Marbled Godwit Clapper Rail⁺ ruo Ruby-throated Hummingbird uuu aaau cucc Hudsonian Godwit Virginia Rail⁺ uo uuuu Belted Kingfisher сисс acaa Ruff 00 Sora u u c c c c Sanderling Common Flicker⁺ aaac ccac Black Rail⁺ rrr crcc American Avocet rour Red-bellied Woodpecker rroo Common Gallinule⁺ ouu arac Black-necked Stilt American Coot rr Red-headed Woodpecker orr coac acar Wilson's Phalarope 00 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker rro rr American Oystercatcher cucu Northern Phalarope r r Hairy Woodpecker r 00 araa Semipalmated Plover CCC Downy Woodpecker+ uuuu Glaucous Gull Piping Plover⁺ o o aoaa CCU Iceland Gull Wilson's Plover⁺ o o ooor uu Great Black-backed Gull 00 Killdeer¹ сисс uuuu Herring Gull⁺ uu American Golden Plover acaa o ro Ring-billed Gull uu Black-bellied Plover acaa cucu Laughing Gull⁺ aaar 1 uu Ruddy Turnstone ссси Bonaparte's Gull u uu u uu Little Gull rrrr uu SNIPES - SANDPIPERS - PHALAPOPES. Gull-billed Tern⁺ uuo ca GULLS & TERNS - SKIMMERS Forster's Tern⁺ aaar UC Common Tern⁺ aaao rrr s S F W Roseate Tern r CU American Woodcock uo Least Tern⁺ ccr a a Common Snipe C CU Royal Tern⁺ CCC C C Whimbrel caur Sandwich Tern rrr OCC Upland Sandpiper rr Caspian Tern COC C C Spotted Sandpiper CUC Black Tern uaa uu Solitary Sandpiper ruu Black Skimmer+ cccr rcc Willet⁺ aaur Dovekie r WOOD PEWEE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR POSTAGE AND FEES PAID FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT chincoteague, NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE U.S.MAIL OF THE INTERIOR P.O. BOX 62, VIRGINIA 23336 INT 423 OFFICIAL BUSINESS penalty FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 Refuge Wildlife National Virginia CHINCOTEAGUE 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 FEET Protected Beach OCEAN Fishing Zone ATLANTIC >> N.P.S Visitors Center 10 MILES OF WILD BEACH (foot access only) Crabbing TRAIL LEGEND Mallard Swan Cove Marsh WALKING Pintail Pool BICYCLE Snow Goose Pool AUTO EACHS Wildlife Gadwall Drive Pool Sow Pond Refuge Visitors Center Black Duck Lighthouse Marsh Trail Wash Flats K Re Aud R Refuge HQ - 1 CHANNEL Bicycle Trail PONY Ridge Rd. Tow MEM n naish Of Chincotea cat North Main St. FIREMEN'S CARNIVAL AT Trail N.P.S O $ Surfing V Zone Protected Beach OCEAN 10 / !!!! Fishing Zone # " Abandoned N.P.S. C.G. Station + N.P.S Amphitheatre Visitors Center 10 MILES OF WILD BEACH (foot access only) Horseback Crabbing TOM'S Mallard Swan Cove COVE Pony Corral Marsh ail Pool Snow Goose Pool SACES Wildlife Drive Sow Pond Refuge ---------- Visitors Center Black Duck Marsh - i Lighthouse Trail Y Pony trail - K Refuge Auditorium - II R Refuge HQ Boat Access ASSATEAGUE POINT Viewing FISHI Area - CHAMNNEL Bicycle or Trail PONY SWIM . ( last wed. & thur. in July ) Ridge Rd. Tow MEMORIAL PARK n Of Chincoteague North Main St. FIREMEN'S CARNIVAL * South Main St. No need to shudder when you see a snake - they are all harm- less species, protected and respected as they take their place in the refuge ecosystem. B irdwatchers everywhere know Chincoteague Refuge as one Extensive trails, visitor facilities, and programs are designed of the finest places in the east to add to their life lists. As for observing the rich wildlife and bird populations, making the seasons turn, the refuge hosts the moving bird populations Chincoteague truly a place "Where People and Wildlife Meet". and the resident species alike. Falcons and hawks pass through in late fall, an eagle or two among them. Winter days reveal Known as 'wild beach', ten miles of ocean front offers surf- the sparkling white of the Greater Snow Geese covering marsh fishing, hiking, shelling, secluded sunbathing, or an insight pastures and Canada geese trafficking to mainland farm fields. to marine ecology. Watch kilometer posts as you browse Whistling swans rubber-neck in the refuge ponds and brant raft northward - it is that far back again. in the channel bays. Dipping, diving, and sea species of ducks abound, interspersed by grebes and coots. By late March the An arm of wide ocean-beach arcs gently to the southwest for waterfowl have gone north, clearing the refuge for a spring five miles around Tom's Cove. The National Park Service spectacle of migrating shore birds. Wood ducks arrive and take administers this arm as a recreational area. In summer, life- up residence in the nesting boxes set on posts for them in the guards maintain a guarded beach and ranger naturalists con- pools. Teal, gadwall, black duck, and mallards nest on pool duct a full schedule of interpretive programs and activities edges, and by early June, broods of fuzzy ducklings are lined for children and adults. up behind 'mom' in the pools, learning to make it on their own. A long summer smiles upon them, and upon herons, The refuge is located three miles east of Chincoteague Island, egrets, ibis, 'pipers, gulls, and terns. In all, 262 species of where motels, family campgrounds, stores and restaurants birds use the refuge in the course of a year. provide all accomodations. A refuge Visitor Center provides information, with descriptive leaflets and schedules always Defying the rigors of a barrier island, small bands of wild available in outdoor racks. A seashore Visitor Center at the ponies dot the wide marshes and course through myriad trails beach provides National Park Service information and literature. in the Loblolly woods. Stand quietly and you may hear a stallion call to his herd, or glimpse a mare leading her tiny Write to: foal to a freshwater pool. Refuge Manager, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 62, Chincoteague, Virginia 23336, telephone Sika, a diminutive species of oriental elk released here in 804-336-6122; and to Virginia District Ranger, Assateague 1923, and Virginia whitetail deer share the forest understory Island National Seashore, P.O. Box 38, Chincoteague, Virginia habitat with raccoons, 'possums and rabbits. Red fox dig their 23336, telephone 804-336-6577. dens right into the low dunes. A Rare and Endangered species, the Delmarva Peninsula Fox Squirrel, was introduced in 1968 PETS ARE PROHIBITED and, under careful management, has established a strong community of bushytails. OF Now you see them, now you don't out in the pools, or Department of the Interior riding the currents in tidal guts, popping up for a look around, are sleek river otter. They thrive on the abundant ocean U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service spawned eels, that, as elvers, slip into the pools through March DEPARTMENT OF THE control gates. A muskrat nonchalantly munching water vege- INTERIOR tables, or carrying a mouthful back to a family den in the dikes, is a common sight in he pools. REFUGE LEAFLET-51570 February 1980 USIF HS SERVICE AND Interpretive Trail N.P.S Oversand Surfing Vehicles Zone Protected Beach Fishing / 11 Zone Abandoned N.P.S. C.G. Station N.P.S. Visitors Center Amphitheatre Horseback Crabbing TOM'S Swan Cove COVE Pony Corral now Goose Pool X.I.T. C alled by the Indians "Running Stream In Between" a the spring. Virginia's 9,460 acres, offering a natural diversity pencil-slender island wraps its length close against the of habitats, fell easily into the management techniques of eastern shores of Maryland and Virginia, a barrier for the two refuge lands and in 1943, was named "Chincoteague National states against a restless ocean. It is Assateague Island, thirty- Wildlife Refuge". seven miles long and a scant three miles across at its widest. A single high dune-ridge rises forty-seven feet above sea-level. A coastal storm burst upon the island and its inhabitants in While at a lower level the 142 foot tower of Assateague Light 1962, nearly flattening the seaside dunes and inundating the sits since 1833, flashing its warning - "shoal waters all around". bay marshes from end to end. Rebuilding the dunes and diking the fresh water away from the salt was accomplished within the year. The rest of the island required emergency funding, and The Virginia portion of the island was included in a string of resulted in the entire island being designated as "Assateague coastal wetland areas to be preserved for wildlife, especially Island National Seashore" in 1965. The status of Virginia's for the countless thousands nigratory birds whose ageless portion remained as "Chincot e National Wildlife Refuge". instincts drive them southwa in the fall and northward in CHINCOTEAGUE National Wildlife Refuge 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 FEET OCEAN ATLANTIC 10 MILES OF WILD BEACH (foot access on TRAIL LEGEND Mallard WALKING Marsh Pintail Pool BICYCLE S AUTO SHOW Wildlife I Gadwall Drive Pool Ocean City NAT. PARK 50 SERVICE HQ. Chincoteague 376 Delaware BERLIN 113 Salisbury 175 12 N 113 3 N Snow Hill 3K Vir 679 NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES A Visitor's Guide The National Wildlife Refuge System is a collection of lands and waters which was begun in 1903 when Theodore Roosevelt established tiny Pelican Island refuge in Florida. Now over 400 National Wildlife Refuges enable you to catch a glimpse of a unique wildlife heritage, and provide you a yardstick against which you can contrast the quality of your own environment. Over 88 million acres of land and water afford opportunities conditioned only by your care and discretion for experiencing wildlife habitat of unequaled variety. C.J. Henry. USFWS R.C. Erickson, USFWS Harmony with land is like harmony with a friend; you cannot cherish his right hand and chop off his left. That is to say, you cannot love game and hate predators; you cannot conserve the waters and waste the ranges; you cannot build the forest and mine the farm. The land is one organism. -Aldo Leopold W.A. Sontag, USFWS "You must not know too much, or be too precise or scientific about birds and trees and flowers a certain free margin, and even vagueness helps your enjoyment of these things." -Walt Whitman R.C. Fields, USFWS D.B. Marshall, USFWS J.L. Hout, USFWS Tips for Visiting National Wildlife Refuges Use this "Visitor's Guide" to identify refuges of special interest. Contact refuges prior to your visit to receive specific information regarding directions for access, special activities, regulations and other helpful information. Get to know refuges and wildlife close to your home first. Take advantage of viewing opportunities by boat, tram or bus available on some refuges. Please keep this and other refuge publications for future reference or return them to refuge personnel. Please respect plant and animal life. D.B. Marshall, USFWS