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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Digital Library Collections
This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections.
Collection: Roberts, John G.: Files
Folder Title: JGR/Fact Sheets
Box: 25
To see more digitized collections visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library
To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection
Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected]
Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing
National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 27, 1983
FOR:
FRED F. FIELDING
FROM:
JOHN G. ROBERTS, JR.
SUBJECT:
Fact Sheet re: President's Commission
on Industrial Competitiveness
Richard Darman has asked for comments by close of business on the
above-referenced fact sheet, to accompany the signing of the
executive order creating the President's Commission on Industrial
Competitiveness. That signing is to take place tomorrow. The
fact sheet differs from the last version of the executive order I
saw (and cleared) in two respects:
the fact sheet states that the Commission shall consist
of not more than 25 members, while the executive order
sets a ceiling of 15 members;
the fact sheet indicates labor representatives will
serve on the Commission, while the executive order
states: "Members appointed from the private sector
shall represent elements of industry and commerce
most affected by high technology, or academic insti-
tutions prominent in the field of high technology."
I reviewed these discrepancies with Wendell Gunn. He advised
that the number in the executive order had been changed. He
noted that the decision to add labor representatives had been
made after approval of the executive order, and advised that they
planned to appoint a former general counsel of the UAW and the
current President of the Communications Workers Union. I think
the executive order should be revised to provide for members
representing labor, consistent with our objective of ensuring
that the private members not be considered government employees.
I reviewed this proposed change with Ralph Tarr, who cleared the
original executive order for Justice, and obtained his approval.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 27, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR RICHARD G. DARMAN
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
DEPUTY TO THE CHIEF OF STAFF
FROM:
FRED F. FIELDING FFF/RAH
COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT
SUBJECT:
Fact Sheet re: President's Commission on
Industrial Competitiveness
Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced fact sheet.
In light of the decision, reflected in the fact sheet, to appoint
labor representatives to this Commission, it is necessary to
revise the proposed executive order.
The last sentence of section 1 (a) of the executive order
currently reads: "Members appointed from the private sector
shall represent elements of industry and commerce most affected
by high technology, or academic institutions prominent in the
field of high technology." This should be changed to read:
"Members appointed from the private sector shall represent
elements of industry, commerce, and labor most affected by high
technology, or academic institutions prominent in the field of
high technology." This proposed change has been approved by the
Department of Justice.
I would also note that the last version of the executive order
cleared by Counsel's Office specified a membership of no more
than 15 people, while the fact sheet lists a membership ceiling
of 25.
FFFielding
JGRoberts
Subj.
Chron.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
June 27, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR RICHARD G. DARMAN
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND
DEPUTY TO THE CHIEF OF STAFF
FROM:
FRED F. FIELDING
COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT
SUBJECT:
Fact Sheet re: President's Commission on
Industrial Competitiveness
Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced fact sheet.
In light of the decision, reflected in the fact sheet, to appoint
labor representatives to this Commission, it is necessary to
revise the proposed executive order.
The last sentence of section 1 (a) of the executive order
currently reads: "Members appointed from the private sector
shall represent elements of industry and commerce most affected
by high technology, or academic institutions prominent in the
field of high technology." This should be changed to read:
"Members appointed from the private sector shall represent
elements of industry, commerce, and labor most affected by high
technology, or academic institutions prominent in the field of
high technology." This proposed change has been approved by the
Department of Justice.
I would also note that the last version of the executive order
cleared by Counsel's Office specified a membership of no more
than 15 people, while the fact sheet lists a membership ceiling
of 25.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 12, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR FRED F. FIELDING
FROM:
JOHN G. ROBERTS
SUBJECT:
Fact Sheet: Federal Initiatives
in the Southwest Border Region
Richard Darman has asked for comments by 6:00 p.m. tonight
on the above-referenced fact sheet. The fact sheet, to be
released tomorrow in El Paso, summarizes the Cabinet's
decision with respect to the report of the Southwestern
Border States Working Group. It notes that the Vice
President will chair an interagency "action group" with
representatives from various departments. The interagency
group will implement the recommendations of the working
group, primarily designed to increase the flow of federal
aid to the area. The fact sheet also announces
establishment of a "project team" to serve as contact point
for government and business leaders from the region.
Finally, the fact sheet reviews the economic distress in the
region, caused by the recent peso devaluations.
The decision having been made to funnel aid to the region, I
have no legal objection to the fact sheet. The fact sheet
really does not say much of substance, other than that the
Vice President will oversee the effort.
Attachment
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 12, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR RICHARD G. DARMAN
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
FRED F. FIELDING FFF/RAH
COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT
SUBJECT:
Fact Sheet: Federal Initiatives
in the Southwest Border Region
Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced fact
sheet, and finds no objection to it from a legal
perspective.
FFF: JGR:aw 8/12/83
CC: FFFielding
JGRoberts
Subj.
Chron
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 12, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR RICHARD G. DARMAN
ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
FRED F. FIELDING
COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT
SUBJECT:
Fact Sheet: Federal Initiatives
in the Southwest Border Region
Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced fact
sheet, and finds no objection to it from a legal
perspective.
FFF:JGR:aw 8/12/83
CC: FFFielding
JGRoberts
Subj.
Chron
ID #.
CU
WHITE HOUSE
CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING WORKSHEET
0 OUTGOING
H . INTERNAL
I - INCOMING
Date Correspondence
Received (YY/MM/DD)
/
/
Name of Correspondent: Richard G. DARMAN
MI Mail Report
User Codes: (A)
(B)
(C)
Subject:
Fact Sheet Federal Initiatives in the
Southwest Border Region
ROUTE TO:
ACTION
DISPOSITION
Tracking
Type
Completion
Action
Date
of
Date
Office/Agency (Staff Name)
Code
YY/MM/DD
Response
Code
YY/MM/DD
CUHOLL
ORIGINATOR 83,08,12
/
/
Referral Note:
WATIB
I 83,08,12
5 83,08,12
Referral Note:
6:00pm pm
/
/
/ /
Referral Note:
/ /
/
/
I
Referral Note:
/ /
1 1
Referral Note:
ACTION CODES:
DISPOSITION CODES:
A - Appropriate Action
I Info Copy Only/No Action Necessary
A * Answered
C Completed
C Comment/Recommendation
R Direct Reply w/Gopy
B - - Non-Special Referral
S Suspended
D Draft Response
S For Signature
F - Furnish Fact Sheet
X Interim Reply
to be used as Enclosure
FOR OUTGOING CORRESPONDENCE:
Type of Response = Initials of Signer
Code = "A"
Completion Date = Date of Outgoing
Comments:
Keep this worksheet attached to the original incoming letter.
Send all routing updates to Central Reference (Room 75, OEOB).
Always return completed correspondence record to Central Files.
Refer questions about the correspondence tracking system to Central Reference, ext. 2590.
5/81
Document No. 073564CS
is
WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM
"
DATE: 8/12/83
ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY: 6:00 P.M. TONIGHT
SUBJECT: FACT SHEET: FEDERAL INITIATIVES IN THE SOUTHWEST BORDER REGION
ACTION FYI
ACTION FYI
VICE PRESIDENT
HARPER
MEESE
HERRINGTON
BAKER
JENKINS
DEAVER
McMANUS
STOCKMAN
MURPHY
CLARK
ROGERS
DARMAN
P
65
ROLLINS
DUBERSTEIN
VERSTANDIG
FELDSTEIN
WHITTLESEY
FIELDING
BRADY/SPEAKES
FULLER
GERGEN
REMARKS:
May we have your comments on the attached draft fact sheet no later
than 6:00 p.m. tonight. The fact sheet is scheduled for release
tomorrow in El Paso, Texas.
RESPONSE:
12
Richard G. Darman
Assistant to the President
DRAFT
FACT SHEET
FEDERAL INITIATIVES IN THE SOUTHWEST BORDER REGION
The President has asked the Vice President to oversee the
establishment of an interagency action group to implement
recommendations of the Southwestern Border States Working
Group. Representatives of federal agencies with programs
serving the border region will participate on the interagency
working group. It will include the Secretaries of the Depart-
ments of Defense, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services,
Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, Agriculture
and Education.
The interagency group's primary objectives are: 1) to help
stimulate job creation in the border region; and 2) to promote
economic diversification in those border areas hardest hit
by last year's peso devaluations. The President has determined
that federal action should be rapid, as well as responsive
to state and local judgments about the kinds of assistance
that would work best. He has instructed the new group to
expedite consideration of action proposals from the border
communities and to increase the flow of financial and other
resources into the region.
A project team composed of répresentatives from each department
will serve as a federal contact point for border regional
governments and businesses, promote multi-state cooperation,
and conduct meetings with state officials to sharpen under-
standing of how each level of government intends to address
border problems.
Last year's peso devaluations have hurt the entire border
region. These cities and towns hardest hit tend to be on
or near the border, and heavily dependent on sales to
Mexican shoppers for jobs, income and tax revenues. In
these localities, waves of store closures have raised
unemployment levels that already were high. In addition,
falling sales tax revenues have strained local government
finances at precisely the moment when economic difficulties
have increased demands for public services.
-- Last September, after the most devastating of
last year's peso devaluations, store closures in
Brownsville were up 80% over the previous September.
In McAllen, the increase was 27%; in Laredo, 42%.
02
--
This May unemployment in Cameron County was 16.1%;
in Hidalgo, 17.8%; and in Webb County, 27.2%. In
Santa Cruz County, Arizona, May unemployment was 21.2%;
and in California's Imperial County, 34.7%.
-- For the first five months of 1983, sales tax receipts
in Brownsville were off 44% relative to the same period
in 1983. In McAllen, sales tax receipts were off 41%;
and in Laredo, 51%.
The Administration's overall economic policies have put the
nation's economy on a path of strong and steady recovery.
Bringing the benefit of this recovery to the border region,
however, will require a special effort by the federal government
in cooperation with the four border states.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
March 15, 1985
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT KIMMITT
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
FROM:
ASSOCIATE COUNSEL QZR TO THE PRESIDENT
JOHN G. ROBERTS
SUBJECT:
Joint Summary and Fact Sheets
for President's Trip to Canada
Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced materials,
and offers the following suggestions:
1. The penultimate paragraph on the summary page is
not a sentence; something appears to be missing. Perhaps
add "were discussed" at the end.
2. On page 2 of the Declaration Regarding Trade in
Goods and Services, last paragraph, "requirement" should be
"requirements." " On page 4, as the second item is written it
suggests we want to protect trade in counterfeit goods and
other abuses of copyright and patent law. This could be
corrected by changing "including" to "from."
3. In the second bullet item on the Legal Assistance
Treaty Fact Sheet, "regulations" should be "relations."
cc: David L. Chew
ADMINISTRATIVELY SENSITIVE - not to be released
without authority of the Counsel to the President
ID #.
CU
WHITE HOUSE
CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING WORKSHEET
0 - OUTGOING
H . INTERNAL
I - INCOMING
Date Correspondence
Received (YY/MM/DD)
/
/
Name of Correspondent: Dave Chew
MI Mail Report
User Codes: (A)
(B)
(C)
Subject:
Joint summary and sact sheets for
President's trip to Canada
ROUTE TO:
ACTION
DISPOSITION
Tracking
Type
Completion
Action
Date
of
Date
Office/Agency
(Staff Name)
Code
YY/MM/DD
Response
Code
YY/MM/DD
CUITOLL
ORIGINATOR
85/03/15
/
/
Referral Note:
CUAT 18
R
85,03,15
5 85,03,15
12N
Referral Note:
/
/
/
/
Referral Note:
/
/
/
/
Referral Note:
/
/
/
/
Referral Note:
ACTION CODES:
DISPOSITION CODES:
A * Appropriate Action
1. Info Copy Only/No Action Necessary
A Answered
C Completed
C - Comment/Recommendation
R Direct Reply w/Copy
B . Non-Special Referral
S Suspended
D Draft Response
S For Signature
F Furnish Fact Sheet
X - Interim Reply
to be used as Enclosure
FOR OUTGOING CORRESPONDENCE:
Type of Response = Initials of Signer
Code = "A"
ADMINISTRATIVELY SENSITIVE - not to be released
Completion Date = Date of Outgoing
Comments:
without authority of the Counsel to the President
Keep this worksheet attached to the original incoming letter.
Send all routing updates to Central Reference (Room 75, OEOB).
Always return completed correspondence record to Central Files.
Refer questions about the correspondence tracking system to Central Reference, ext. 2590.
5/81
EXTREME CLOSE HOLD
Document No.
WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM
3/15/85
DATE:
ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY:
NOON TODAY, 3/15
JOINT SUMMARY AND FACT SHEETS FOR PRESIDENT'S TRIP TO CANADA
SUBJECT:
ACTION FYI
ACTION FYI
VICE PRESIDENT
McMANUS
REGAN
MURPHY
DEAVER
OGLESBY
STOCKMAN
ROLLINS
BUCHANAN
SPEAKES
CHEW
P
SS
SVAHN
FIELDING
TUTTLE
FRIEDERSDORF
VERSTANDIG
FULLER
WHITTLESEY
HICKEY
SIMS
HICKS
KINGON
McFARLANE
REMARKS: Attached are the Joint Summary and Fact Sheets, prepared by the
State Department and cleared by the NSC. In order for State to present
this draft to the Canadians by close of business today, please provide
your written changes to Bob Kimmitt by noon today, with an information
copy to this office. You may telephone concurrences to Nick Klissas,
Ext. 6959. Thank you.
NOTE: PLEASE LIMIT. DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT
RESPONSE:
David L. Chew
Staff Secretary
Ext. 2702
1085
HAR
15
THE QUEBEC SUMMIT
SUMMARY
President Reagan and Prime Minister Mulroney met at Quebec City
on March 17-18 for three sessions of talks. The principal
achievements of the visit were:
*
agreement to appoint Special Envoys to examine the
acid rain issue and report to the President and the
Prime Minister by their next meeting.
* a trade declaration reflecting the strong political
commitment of the two leaders to create a more
secure, predictable environment for trade. They
specifically:
:
committed themselves to halt protectionism on
cross-border trade in goods and services;
:
adopted measures to enhance access to each
other's markets and launched a program to
explore further means to facilitate and increase
trade and investment;
--
reaffirmed their commitment to a strong
multilateral trading system;
* a declaration on international security
reinvigorating the defense partnership between the
two countries, and commiting both sides to consult
closely on security and arms control issues;
* an Agreement on Modernization of North American Air
Defense and North Warning System;
*
an exchange of instruments ratifying the new treaty
to restore the west coast salmon fishery;
*
signing of a Legal Assistance Treaty to help fight
international criminal activity while respecting each
other's sovereignty.
The Prime Minister informed the President that Canada has
accepted the US invitation to participate in the space station
project.
The Canada/US relationship, interest rates and the dollar,
defense trade and improved Canadian access to the US defense
and space market.
Their discussion also covered the crisis in Africa, human
rights, East/West relations including the Prime Minister's trip
to Moscow for Chernenko's funeral, the Geneva talks, the world
economic situation and preparations for the Bonn Summit.
Quebec City
March 18, 1985 =
DECLARATION BY THE PRIME MINISTER OF CANADA AND
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
REGARDING TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES
We embark today on a joint effort to establish a climate of
greater predictability and confidence for Canadians and Americans
alike to plan, invest, grow and compete more effectively with
one another and in the global market.
We are convinced that an improved and more secure climate for
bilateral trade relations will encourage market forces to achieve
a more rational and competitive production and distribution
of goods and services.
We remain committed to the principles of the multilateral trading
system embodied in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
as the cornerstone of our respective trade policies. We are
determined to exercise the political will to make the open,
multilateral trading system work better and to strengthen and
extend the disciplines governing international commerce.
We will work jointly to strengthen the effectiveness of GATT
rules and establish new disciplines. We call on all nations
to join with us in establishing a preparatory committee this
summer for a new round of multilateral trade negotiations to
ensure that negotiations commence in early 1986.
- 2 -
We believe that the challenge to our two countries is to invigorate
our unique economic relationship. We intend to build on our
success in resolving a number of disputes and achieve something
of lasting significance to provide a model to other nations
of the way in which two modern societies can work in harmony.
We have today agreed to give the highest priority to finding
mutually-acceptable means to reduce and eliminate existing barriers
to trade in order to secure and facilitate trade and investment
flows.
As a first step, we commit ourselves to halt protectionism in
cross-border trade in goods and services.
We have charged Ambassador Brock, the United States Trade
Representative, and the Honorable James Kelleher, Minister for
International Trade, to establish immediately a bilateral mechanism
to chart all possible ways to reduce and eliminate existing
barriers to trade and to report to us within six months.
We have also directed that action be undertaken over the next
twelve months to resolve specific impediments to trade in a
manner consistent with our international obligations and with
our legislative requirement. Such action will proceed on the
basis of full consultation with the private sector and other
levels of government and will concentrate initially on:
- 3 -
-- national treatment, on a contractual, equitable and
mutually advantageous basis, with respect to government
procurement and funding programs;
-- standardization, reduction or simplification of regulatory
requirements which would facilitate trade in goods
and services;
-- improvement in the Canada-United States Air Transport
Agreement aimed at facilitating transborder travel
and commerce by expanding the number of available
services and reducing obstacles to the introduction
of innovative and competitive new services;
-- strengthening our market approach to Canada-United
States energy trade by reducing restrictions, particularly
those on petroleum imports and exports, and by maintaining
and extending open access to each other's energy markets,
including oil, natural gas, electricity and coal;
-- improving access for traders on both sides of the
border through reductions in tariff barriers;
-- facilitation of travel for business and commercial
purposes;
- 4 -
-- elimination or reduction of tariff and non-tariff
barriers to trade in high-technology goods and related
services, such as computers, data flow and computer-
assisted design and manufacturing technology; and
-- cooperation to protect intellectual property rights
including trade in counterfeit goods and other abuses
-
of copyright and patent law.
We urge our respective private sectors to expand their contacts
and continue to provide advice on the future of our trading
relationship.
We are confident that these undertakings will facilitate trade
and investment flows between our two countries and act as catalysts
for broader international cooperation.
FACT SHEET
RESOLUTION OF IRRITANTS
The President and the Prime Minister today indicated that the
two governments had resolved a number of irritants which had
marred the relationship and frustrated traders and investors
on both sides of the border. These include the following:
-- Country-of-Origin Marking Requirements: The President
is pursuing the necessary legislative steps to eliminate
the trade-restrictive effect of a requirement in the Trade
and Tariff Act of 1984 that all imported iron and steel
pipes be physically marked in such a manner as to clearly
identify the country of origin.
-- Tax-Free Treatment of Certain Tourist Literature: The
Prime Minister has today indicated that action will be
taken to exempt from the federal sales tax tourist literature
issued by national or state governments or departments
thereof, boards of trade, chambers of commerce, municipal
and automobile associations, and similar organizations,
whether produced in Canada or imported. This should stimulate
tourism in both Canada and the United States.
-- Improved Administration of Quotas on Specialty Steel:
Canada, at the request of the United States, agreed in
1983 to an orderly marketing arrangement in respect to
- 2 -
specialty steel exports to the United States. Canada has
complied with this arrangement, but Canadian shippers have
experienced delays at the U.S. border as a result of U.S.
Customs requirements. The President today indicated that
steps will be taken to facilitate the shipment of Canadian
specialty steel exported within the terms of the orderly
marketing arrangement.
-- Settlement of a Number of Outstanding Safeguards Issues:
Over the years, Canada and the United States have both
imposed temporary quotas, surcharges or extra duties to
protect particular industries seriously injured by imports,
as they adjust to changed competitive conditions. The
GATT provides that affected countries may withdraw equivalent
concessions or request offsetting compensation as an alterna-
tive. The President and the Prime Minister announced that
the slate will be wiped clean with respect to compensation
rights for those actions which are no longer in effect.
-- Easing of Certain U.S. Restrictions on the Imports of Certain
Sugar-Containino Products: The President today undertook
best efforts to exempt certain sugar-containing products
from restrictions imposed under Section 22 of the Agricultural
Adjustment Act.
-- Copyricht: Cable/Satellite Retransmission: The Prime
Minister informed the President that it is the Government's
- 3 -
intention to meet the challenge of creating an appropriate
and balanced copyright environment. To this end, the Minister
of Communications has recently referred proposed revisions
in Canada's Copyright Act to the Parliamentary Committee
on Communications and Culture for consideration. The Prime
Minister assured the President that revision of the Act
is a priority. The Prime Minister undertook that best
efforts would be made to accommodate U.S. concerns on the
protection of programing retransmitted by cable or satellite
when the Government develops legislative proposals.
ASSIFIED
By
White smp House Guidelines, August 1997
NARA,
Date
8/5/05
CONFIDENTIAL
US Redraft #3 (March 14, 1985)
Declaration by the Prime Minister of Canada
and the President of the United States
Regarding International Security
We are neighbors and allies dedicated to the defense and
nourishment of peace and freedom. The security of Canada and
the United States are inextricably linked.
We have committed ourselves at Quebec to reinvigorate the
defense and security partnership between the two countries. To
reenforce deterrence and to reduce the risk posed by threat of
nuclear attack, we agreed to strengthen continental defense,
with particular reference to our joint participation in the
North American Aerospace Defense Command. Accordingly, we
concluded an agreement to modernize the North American Air
Defense Surveillance and Warning System. We agreed that in
implementing this program, as in all of our defense relations,
we shall be guided by the principle of mutual respect for the
sovereignty of our two countries.
In the spirit of mutual trust and confidence between our
countries, we have committed ourselves to consult fully,
frankly, and regularly on defense and arms control matters.
To permit systematic consultation and overall review, at
the most senior levels, of arrangements bearing on the security
of Canada and the United States, we resolved that the
responsible ministers of our governments will meet together on
a regular basis. We have also agreed to make greater use of the
-2-
Permament Joint Board on Defense, established at the historic
meeting of Prime Minister Mackenzie King and President Franklin
Delano Roosevelt at Ogdensburg forty-five years ago.
To provide for an effective use of resources and to aid
both of our countries in bearing our share of the Allied
defense burden, we reaffirm the Canada/United States Defense
Production and Development Sharing Arrangements and agree to
strengthen our North American Defense Industrial base.
Recognizing the importance of access to, and participation of
Canadian firms in the US defense market, we will work to reduce
barriers and stimulate the flow of defence goods. We will seek
to improve our joint access to information relating to defense
procurement and we will explore ways to establish a separate
designation for mobilization base suppliers for US and Canadian
firms. We will also undertake to establish a freer exchange
between both countries of technical knowledge and skills
involved in defense production, in order to facilitate defense
economic/trade cooperation and joint participation in major
defense programs. In this connection, we agree to strengthen
our cooperation to ensure that transfers of strategic
technology to our potential adversaries are effectively
controlled. Accordingly, we have directed the responsible
ministers to give priority attention to all these issues and to
provide a progress report within six months.
The Security of Canada and the United States is
inseparable from that of the European members of the North
Atlantic Alliance. We remain fully dedicated to preserving the
security of the Alliance as a whole through the maintenance of
adequate military strength, an effective deterrent posture, and
-3-
a stable balance of forces. We attach great importance to our
continuing commitment to station Canadian and United States
forces in Europe. We think it is essential to strengthen
NATO's conventional capabilities and accordingly reiterate our
determination to continue substantial real growth in
expenditures for defense.
We share a commitment to deepening the dialogue among the
Allies. Our Alliance draws strength from the unique and
individual contributions of its sovereign members in the
pursuit of our common goal of peace with freedom. The cohesion
and political solidarity of the Alliance, maintained through
frequent and timely consultations, remain the foundation for
the protection of our common interests and values.
Significant, equitable, durable and verifiable arms
control measures can play an role in strengthening strategic
stability, maintaining our security at a lower level of force
and armament, building trust and confidence between East and
West, and reducing the risk of war. We have agreed to consider
joint research efforts to strengthen our capacity to verify
agreements on the control of armaments. We will work to gain
agreement on effective measures in the international
negotiations in Vienna, Geneva, and Stockholm, and we will
strive, with the countries of Europe, to progress towards the
aims enshrined in the Helsinki Final Act.
- -4-
We further agreed that we can have no higher goal than the
reduction and eventual elimination of the threat to peace,
whether by nuclear or conventional means. Our aim is not to
achieve superiority, but to enhance deterrence of armed
aggression and bring about significant arms reductions between
East and West. We seek a more stable world, with greatly
reduced levels of nuclear arms. The prospect of an enhanced
ability to deter war based upon an increasing contribution of
defenses, particularly non-nuclear defenses, against offensive
nuclear arms has prompted the United States research effort
embodied in the President's strategic defense initiative. We
are agreed that this effort is prudent and is in full
conformity with the ABM Treaty. We recognize that deployment
would, in view of Treaty obligations, have to be a matter for
negotiations.
Dialogue and negotiation between the United States and the
Soviet Union at Geneva provide a historic opportunity to set
East-West relations on a more secure foundation. We hope that
these negotiations will lead to major steps toward the
prevention of an arms race in space and to terminating it on
earth, limiting and reducing nuclear arms, and, ultimately,
eliminating them everywhere.
The security of Canada and the United States is linked
increasingly with that of other regions of the world. We will
-5-
therefere encourage and support the strengthening of
multilateral and international mechanisms for the control and
peaceful resolution of disputes. We will vigorously oppose the
exploitation of regional instability, and promote at the same
time, each by our distinctive contributions, the social,
economic, and political development essential to the achievment
of a stable and enduring peace.
Our one truly strategic aim is human freedom in a world at
peace.
doc. 5365A
as given to 600 at 11:30 Am 3/14
they have now concurred.
com
FINAL ACID RAIN LANGUAGE AS AGREED BY THE NSC 3/14/85
The President and the Prime Minister also discussed
environmental matters at some length. They took note of the
75-year history of environmental cooperation between the two
countries as exemplified by the Boundary Waters Treaty, the
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and the recent Skagit
River/Ross Dam Treaty. The President and the Prime Minister
expressed their determination to continue to deal with all
US-Canadian environmental issues in a responsible and
cooperative spirit.
In the spirit of cooperation and in recognition that the
actions of one country are of concern to the other, there was
agreement that a high level Special Envoy would be appointed by
each Government to examine the acid rain issue and report to
the President and the Prime Minister by their next meeting.
The Envoys will:
-- Pursue consultations on laws and regulations that bear
on pollutants thought to be linked to acid rain;
-- Enhance cooperation in research efforts, including
that for clean fuel technology and smelter controls;
-- Pursue means to increase exchange of relevant
scientific information;
-- Identify efforts to improve the US and Canadian
environment. (End Text)
Note: The Canadians have suggested releasing this
statement in two "pieces" at different times. The point
remains open.
WWM/jrs
No. 5465A
FACT SHEET
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING AND EXCHANGE OF NOTES
ON THE MODERNIZATION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM
I.
PURPOSE OF THE AGREEMENT
O
The Memorandum of Understanding and Exchange of Notes
provide the basis for a joint US-Canadian effort to
modernize NORAD's air defense warning and surveillance
system. The agreement also underscores the determ-
ination of both countries to cooperate closely in
assuring the security of the North American continent.
II. BACKGROUND TO THE AGREEMENT
The United States and Canada have cooperated on North
American air defense since the 1950's. The joint
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD),
established in 1957, has been the principal vehicle
for this cooperation and has been a major element of
our deterrent posture.
The Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line, a system of
radars in Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland, was
constructed in the late 1950's, and, together with
the CADIN/ PINETREE system, provided early warning
against potential bomber attack against the
continent. Although these systems remain
operational, they have become obsolescent against the
increased threat of low-level attacks by bombers and
cruise missiles.
Discussions concerning an upgrading of the DEW Line
and modernization of NORAD's early warning capability
began in the mid-1970's and reflected the concerns of
both countries. Actual negotiations on the current
system have been underway for several years and
culminated in agreement earler this month.
III. MAIN PROVISIONS
The modernized North American air defense system will
include the following elements: a North Warning
System comprising 13 Long Range Radar and 39 Short
Range Radar stations deployed across northern Alaska,
northern Canada, and down the Labrador coast, a
communication network to ensure full system integra-
tion, and a life cycle support and maintenance
capability; over-the-horizon-backscatter radar
coverage provided from sites located within the
-2-
United States; airborne radar coverage in North
America provided by USAF Airborne Warning and Control
System aircraft; forward operating locations and
dispersed operating bases for AWACS and fighter
aircraft at existing airfields in Canada; and
communications and other equipment necessary to
permit command and control of intercepts.
The US and Canada will share the costs of the North
Warning System on an approximately 60/40 basis.
The US will fund the over-the-horizon-backscatter
radars, with Canadian personnel costs to be borne by
Canada.
Cost-sharing for the forward operating locations and
dispersed operating bases and for a possible
requirement for coastal radars is to be established
by later agreement.
Fact Sheet:
Memorandum of Understanding and Exchange of Notes on the
Modernization of the North American Air Defense System
Drafted:EUR/CAN:SFromowitz:db
Clearances:EUR/CAN:CBrown
Mr
3/14/85 632-3135
Mr
DOD/OAUSD:DZakheim/
doc. 5504A
Mr
FACT SHEET
PACIFIC SALMON TREATY
I.
PURPOSE OF TREATY
This treaty establishes a basis for bilateral
cooperation in salmon management, research, and
enhancement. It establishes a bilateral commission
with coastwide responsibilities for management of
"intercepting" salmon fisheries, fisheries of one
country that harvest fish which spawn in the waters
of the other country.
II. BACKGROUND OF NEGOTIATIONS
O
Pacific salmon is one of the most valued resources of
the Northwest, prized by fishermen of both Canada and
the United States. Effective salmon management and
conservation requires international cooperation
because salmon stocks often are subject to harvest by
fishermen from both countries as they migrate between
the ocean and freshwater spawning grounds.
O
For fourteen years, the United States and Canada have
sought to develop a coastwide salmon management
regime. The absence of such an approach has, in some
cases, resulted in overfishing, and has inhibited
salmon conservation and enhancement actions in both
countries. In recent years, negotiations were
spurred by the growing scarcity of many salmon stocks
off Alaska, British Columbia, and the Pacific
Northwest.
III.
MAIN PROVISIONS
This treaty supercedes the Fraser River Convention
under which the Fraser River sockeye and pink salmon
fisheries have been managed since 1937.
Annexes to this treaty prescribe specific fishery
regimes, establishing allocations, annual catch
levels, and broad regulations by time, area, or gear
for transboundary rivers, the northern boundary area,
chinook salmon, Fraser River pink and sockeye,
Southern coho and chum. Such annexes may be
promulgated or amended through exchange of diplomatic
notes.
FACT SHEET
US-CANADA MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE TREATY
I.
PURPOSE OF TREATY
The treaty is intended "to improve the effectiveness
of both countries in the investigation, prosecution
and suppression of crime through cooperation and
mutual legal assistance in law enforcement matters."
II. BACKGROUND OF NEGOTIATIONS
While law enforcement regulations are generally
excellent, problems have arisen over US subpoenas
served on Canadians.
Canada accepted a US proposal to negotiate a treaty
to regularize procedures and provide mutual
assistance in criminal matters.
III. MAIN PROVISIONS
The treaty partner seeking documents known to be
located in the other country would be obligated to
request assistance under the treaty before resorting
to other means, such as enforcement of a subpoena.
0
If denial of a request or delay might jeopardize
successful completion of an investigation,
consultations would be held to consider alternatives.
o
The specific kinds of assistance which one state
would provide the other include: providing documents
and records, taking the evidence of persons,
executing requests for searches and seizures,
transferring persons in custody and other related
forms of legal assistance.
FACT SHEET
CANADIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE MANNED SPACE STATION
I.
NATURE OF THE MANNED SPACE STATION (MSS)
A modular facility, designed for growth and a wide
variety of Western space activity well into the next
century.
II THE PRESIDENT'S INVITATION FOR FOREIGN CONTRIBUTIONS
In directing NASA to build the MSS, the President
invited our friends to join us in
this program. Japan, Canada, and
the nations represented by the
European Space Agency have indicated interest.
III CANADA DECIDES TO PARTICIPATE
Canada has a long history of space activity in
cooperation with the US, notably the "CANADARM" for
the Space Shuttle.
Recently the Canadian Government decided to make a
similar, major contribution to the MSS. The USG
welcomes this Canadian decision.
The Prime Minister and the President are expected to
discuss the matter during the Summit.
Signature of an MOU, spelling out the details of the
cooperative effort, is expected very soon thereafter.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
February 26, 1986
MEMORANDUM FOR RONALD F. LEHMAN, II
SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT
FROM:
JOHN G. ROBERTS
AND SENIOR DIRECTOR OXL
ASSOCIATE COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT
SUBJECT:
Fact Sheet for the President's Peace
and National Security Address
Counsel's Office has reviewed the above-referenced fact sheet
and finds no objection to it from a legal perspective.
CC: David L. Chew
ID #
CU
WHITE HOUSE
CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING WORKSHEET
o OUTGOING
H INTERNAL
I
INCOMING
Date Correspondence
Received (YY/MM/DD)
/
/
Name of Correspondent:
MI Mail Report
User Codes: (A)
(B)
(C)
Subject: Fact sheet par the Presidents Peace
a national security address
ROUTE TO:
ACTION
DISPOSITION
Tracking
Type
Completion
Action
Date
of
Date
Office/Agency
(Staff Name)
Code
YY/MM/DD
Response
Code
YY/MM/DD
CUHOLL
ORIGINATOR 86,02,26
/
/
Referral Note:
cuat 18
R
86,02,26
S 86,02,26
Referral Note:
2pm
/ /
/
/
Referral Note:
/
/
/ /
Referral Note:
/
-
/
/
Referral Note:
ACTION CODES:
DISPOSITION CODES:
A Appropriate Action
I Info Copy Only/No Action Necessary
A Answered
c Completed
C Comment/Recommendation
R Direct Reply w/Copy
B - Non-Special Referral
S Suspended
D Draft Response
S For Signature
F Furnish Fact Sheet
X Interim Reply
to be used as Enclosure
FOR OUTGOING CORRESPONDENCE:
Type of Response = Initials of Signer
Code
If
"A"
Completion Date = Date of Outgoing
Comments:
Keep this worksheet attached to the original incoming letter.
Send all routing updates to Central Reference (Room 75, OEOB).
Always return completed correspondence record to Central Files.
Refer questions about the correspondence tracking system to Central Reference, ext. 2590.
5/81
Document No.
WHITE HOUSE STAFFING MEMORANDUM
DATE: 2/26/86
ACTION/CONCURRENCE/COMMENT DUE BY:
2:00 p.m. TODAY
SUBJECT: FACT SHEET FOR THE PRESIDENT'S PEACE AND NATIONAL SECURITY ADDRESS
ACTION FYI
ACTION FYI
VICE PRESIDENT
OGLESBY
REGAN
POINDEXTER
MILLER
7
RYAN
BUCHANAN
SPEAKES
CHAVEZ
SPRINKEL
CHEW
P
SS STEELMAN
DANIELS
SVAHN
FIELDING
THOMAS
HENKEL
TUTTLE
HICKS
KINGON
16632
LACY
REMARKS:
Please provide any comments on the attached directly to
Ron Lehman of the NSC by 2:00 p.m. today, with an info
copy to my office. There will be a meeting at 2:00 p.m.
today in my office for all those interested in responding
to the fact sheet.
RESPONSE:
David L. Chew
Staff Secretary
Ext. 2702
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
FOR RELEASE AT 8:00 P.M.
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1986
Address by the President
on Peace and National Security
Wednesday, February 26, 1986
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE REAGAN STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE
0
Speaking from the oval office, President Ronald Reagan today
spoke of his "highest duty as President -- to preserve peace and
defend these United States."
O
In his address on "Peace and National Security," President
Reagan spoke of the accomplishments of his Administration and of
the work still to be done. Peace "depends on us -- on our
courage to build it and guard it and pass it on to future
generations."
O
The President stressed the necessity to provide adequate
levels of defense spending. After a 6% cut for 1986, the
President characterized attempts to again reduce the defense
budget as "reckless, dangerous, and wrong" as well as inefficient
and costly in the long run.
O
The President cited the need for a strong defense as an
essential part of his "strategy for the future" -- a strategy
which he says has emphasized strength, innovation, efficiency,
regional security, cooperation with friends and allies, and
negotiations.
o
"American power is an indispensable element of a peaceful
world," concluded the President, and "we have the best chance in
decades of building a secure peace."
THE DANGER OF COMPLACENCY
THE PRESIDENT:
"Peace does not exist of its own will. It depends
on us -- on our courage to build it and guard it and
pass it on to future generations."
"the security program that you and I launched to
restore America's strength is in jeopardy -- threatened
by those who would quit before the job is done."
"We need to remember where America was 5 years ago. We
need to recall the atmosphere of that time -- the
anxiety that events were out of control, that the West
was in decline, that our enemies were on the march."
2
"The Pentagon horror stories (of five years ago) ) were
about ships that couldn't sai, planes that couldn't
fly for lack of spare parts, nd army divisions
unprepared to fight."
BACKGROUND
O
From 1970 to 1981, US defense spending declined nearly 20%
in real terms.
In the past five years, we've reve: sed the decline.
In the 1986 Budget Resolution, the President agreed to a
compromise at zero real growth to be fo lowed by 3% annual
growth.
O
But after the automatic cuts provi ed by law for FY 1986,
the final defense spending level will re present a decline of
nearly 6% in real terms from the previo S year.
THE SOVIET EFFORT HAS NOT EASED
THE PRESIDENT:
"Between 1970 and 1985 alone, the oviets invested $500
billion more than the United State: in defense -- and built
nearly three times as many strateg. C missiles
"Today the Soviet Union has deploye d over one-and-a-half
times as many combat aircraft as the e United States, nearly
three times as many submarines, OV I five times as many
tanks, and over eleven times as many artillery pieces.
We anticipate that over the next 5 years, they will deploy
on the order of 40 nuclear submarimes, 500 new ballistic
missiles, and 18,000 modern tanks.
"Where the Soviets once relied on umbers alone, they now
strive for both quantity and quality."
BACKGROUND:
O
The Soviets have about 350 submarires; the US has about 140.
O
The Soviets have about 51,000 tanks assigned to combat units
compared to 9900 US tanks.
o
The US has about 4600 artillery pietes assigned to combat
units, but the Soviets have about 53,000
O
The Soviets have about 8500 tactica 1 fixed-wing combat
aircraft assigned to combat units compa: ed to 5300 for the US.
o
The Soviets produced 5500 Intercont inental ballistic
missiles and submarine launched ballisti C missiles from 1970 to
1985.
O
Since the ABM Treaty of 1972, the Soviet Union has spent at
least as much on strategic defenses as on its extraordinary
strategic nuclear offensive build-up.
3
0
The Soviet Union's military establishment still accounts for
about 15% of their GNP, more than twice the US level of effort.
O
The Soviet Union has spent an estimated $500 billion more
between 1970 and 1985 in investment than has the United States.
Investment is defines as research and development, procurement,
military construction, and related activities.
DEFENSE BUDGET IS MODEST: NOT CAUSE OF DEFICIT
THE PRESIDENT:
"Now the biggest increases in defense spending are
behind us. That's why, last summer, I agreed with Congress
to freeze defense funding for 1 year, and after that to
resume a modest 3-percent annual growth."
"But this didn't happen. Instead of a freeze, there
was a sharp cut -- a cut of over 5 percent. And some are
now saying that we need to chop another 20, 30, even 50
billion dollars out of national defense.
This is reckless, dangerous, and wrong."
BACKGROUND:
o
The FY 1986 defense budget authority enacted and then
reduced by Gramm-Rudman-Hollings, is $72 billion less than the
President planned two years ago, $36 billion less than the
President's modified 1986 request, and $16 billion less than
Congress agreed to in the FY 1986 Budget Resolution. This is an
annual reduction of almost 6% in real terms.
4
O
The President's FY 1987 defense budget request is $51
billion less than the 1987 level in the agreement reached with
Congress in May of 1984 and $42 billion less than the 1987 level
planned just one year ago.
O
In the 1950's, Defense was 40% of Net Public Spending, now
it is about 23%.
O
In the early 1960's, defense spending was about 50% of the
Federal Budget, now it is only 28%.
O
Defense accounted for 9.4% of our GNP in 1962; in 1986 it is
estimated at 6.3%.
O
Defense is not responsible for the deficit. Between FY 1980
and FY 1985, federal revenues increased by $217 billion. Federal
expenditures increased by $355 billion, about one third of that
($119 billion) was for defense.
O
Thirty years ago, twice as much was spent on defense and as on
entitlement programs. Fifteen years ago, spending on the two was
about the same. Today, entitlement programs are about 50%
larger.
PRINCIPLES OF THE STRATEGY OF THE FUTURE
EXPLOIT INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY TO COUNTER SOVIET NUMERICAL
ADVANTAGES AND TO REDUCE THREAT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS
THE PRESIDENT:
"Innovation is our advantage
=
"Our goal should be to deter, if necessary, to repel
any aggression without a resort to nuclear arms and one
day free us all from the prison of nuclear terror.' "
BACKGROUND:
o
The Strategic Defense Initiative capitalizes on a
host of technological advances to explore possibilities
of reducing the threat of nuclear weapons through greater
reliance on defensive rather than offensive systems.
O
NATO, with American leadership, is exploring "emerging
technologies" for improved conventional defenses and has been
reducing the number of nuclear weapons in Europe.
O
Advances in "stealth" can help neutralize the air defenses
of the Soviet Union or other hostile states.
O
The technology used in the Army tactical missile system
(ATACMs) demonstrated in
the early 1980's the potential to attack a column of tanks at
ranges of 100 miles and beyond.
o
New non-nuclear cruise missiles can hit pin-point targets
from hundreds of miles in all weather, night or day.
5
0
By exploiting our industrial dynamism and maintaining the
technological edge, the US is not locked into a strategy of
matching the Soviet increases one for one. If they will be
bigger, we must be better.
STRONG PARTNERSHIPS AROUND THE WORLD
THE PRESIDENT:
"
our security assistance provides as much security
for the dollar as our own defense budget."
"Military assistance to friends in strategic regions
strengthens those who share our values and interests. "
"
when they are strong, we are
strengthened. It is in our interest to help them meet
threats that could ultimately bring harm to us as well."
BACKGROUND:
O
Security assistance has helped deter conflicts in areas such
as Korea, Pakistan, Morocco, and Somalia and has helped us secure
air and port facilities in Southwest Asia.
O
Since 1981, the Administration has greatly expanded security
assistance, notably a new program for Pakistan and increased
funding for Israel, Egypt, and Turkey and a vigorous response
in Central America.
O
We have provided quick response support in Central America
and to Chad, Lebanon, Grenada, and Thailand and reacted quickly
to urgent requests from Saudi Arabia and Morocco.
O
US security assistance encourages stability, self reliance,
and cost effective cooperation; Soviet foreign military programs
are designed to develop economic and political dependence and are
used to exacerbate regional tensions.
MAKE THE MOST OF EACH DEFENSE DOLLAR
THE PRESIDENT:
"During my 1980 campaign, I called Federal waste and fraud
a national scandal. We knew we could never rebuild
America's strength without first controlling the exploding
cost of defense programs. And we're doing it."
"
(I) n 1981, costs had been escalating at an annual rate
of
14
percent. (I) n the last 2 years, cost increases have
fallen to less than 1 percent. "
BACKGROUND:
O
Annual cost growth in major new systems was 1% in 1983 and
0.8% in 1984.
O
Examples of cost reductions include:
6
-- The F-18 fighter costs $4 million less today than in
1982 ($18.7 million vice $22.5 million) and is over $5 million
less than the 1981 price ($24.1 million)
--
The AIM-9M (Sidewinder) air-to-air missile cost
$116,000 in 1981, in 1985 it cost $60,200, about half as much.
O
Procurement horror stories are actually very few and have
normally been identified by the Defense Department itself. For
example, the infamous $435 hammer was or e of some 80,000 hammers
purchased for between $6 and $8. Rememi er, the Defense
Department must process some 15 million contract actions annually
with over 300,000 contractors. Errors ill be made and abuses
can occur, but they will not be tolerat d.
O
Secretary Weinberger has made exter sive improvements in the
acquisition process.
O
According to the Congressional Budget Office, the costs of a
Navy cruiser (CG-47) dropped 9% between 1983 and 1985; the B-1B
bomber dropped 9%; the M-1 tank dropped 8%; and the F-16 fighter
dropped 3%.
0
The Defense Contract Audit Agency has conducted over 60,000
audits annually producing an estimated savings of $10 billion
over the last 2 years.
0
An independent Inspector General has been established.
O
The President will receive on February 28th the report of
the Packard Commission which he appointed to develop
recommendations going beyond the improvements already made.
o
The Administration stands ready to work with the Congress to
improve effectiveness and efficiency in both the Executive and
Legislative processes by providing improved future planning,
better organization, expedited action, more long term stability,
and less micro-management.
LASTING PEACE REQUIRES NEGOTIATION FROM STRENGTH
THE PRESIDENT:
"Lets maintain that crucial level of national strength,
unity, and purpose that has brought the Soviet Union to
the negotiating table, and has given us this historic
opportunity to achieve real reductions in nuclear
weapons and a real chance at lasting peace. That would
be the finest legacy we could leave behind -- for our
children and for their children."
"We want agreements that truly diminish the nuclear
danger. We don't just want signing cermonies and color
photographs of leaders toasting each other with
champagne. We want real agreements -- agreements that
really work -- with no cheating."
BACKGROUND:
O
At the Geneva Summit the Soviet Union and the United States
agreed to accelerate progress in the nuclear arms talks in
7
Geneva, to work toward a interim INF agreement, and to work
toward a 50% reduction in offensive nuclear arms appropriately
applied. They also agreed to two more summits; one in the United
States and one in the Soviet Union.
O
Just this week, the United States put forth a new proposal
which set forth a concrete schedule for the elimination of
nuclear, land-based LRINF missiles in Europe, Asia, and globally.
O
The US has put forth a proposal in Geneva which would
provide for a 50% reductions in nuclear arms in a manner which
would enhance stability. Both the US and the USSR would reduce
to 4500 ballistic missile warheads and 1500 air launched cruise
missiles as well as strategic bombers.
O
The US has put forth a draft treaty banning the production
of chemical weapons and providing for effective verification.
O
The US and its allies just put forth a new proposal on
reductions in conventional forces in Europe at the MBFR (Mutual
and Balanced Force Reduction) talks in
Vienna.
O
Drafting has begun at the Conference on Confidence and
Security-Building Measures in Europe (CDE) being held in
Stockholm.
O
The US and the USSR are implementing a new agreement to
upgrade the Direct Communications Link -- the "Hotline" and the
US has proposed discussions on the establishment of "Nuclear Risk
Reduction Centers."
O
At the Nuclear and Space Talks, the US is discussing with
the Soviet Union how we might transition to a better, safer world
involving greater emphasis on defenses rather than massive
arsenals of offensive nuclear weapons and has proposed an "open
laboratories" initiative to build confidence that each sides
programs for strategic defense are not threatening.
O
The United States has repeatedly offered a number of
initiatives to provide for effective verification of existing
nuclear test limitations contained in the Threshold Test Ban
Treaty and the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty.