Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
215438779
label
(Eastern Europe) EE Research and Training Act of 1983-USSR [Also see Soviet Studies (H. R. 601) – USSR]
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
215438779
contentType
document
title
(Eastern Europe) EE Research and Training Act of 1983-USSR [Also see Soviet Studies (H. R. 601) – USSR]
citationUrl
collections
Records of the National Security Council, Directorate of European and Soviet Affairs (Reagan Administration)
Jack F. Matlock, Jr.'s Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) Subject Files
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
215438779
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
fcd34e4d87c99276
ocrText
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Digital Library Collections
This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections.
Collection: Matlock, Jack F.: Files
Folder Title: (Eastern Europe) EE Research & Training Act
of 1983-USSR [Also see Soviet Studies (H. R. 601) - USSR]
Box: 25
To see more digitized collections visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library
To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection
Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected]
Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing
National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/
March 5, 1984
Jack:
Art Hartman mentioned you were
concerned about funding for the Soviet-
Eastern European Research Act. Here
is the latest situation. We continue
to work hard on it. See last two
paragraphs for current financial
situation. We will be in close touch
with interested Hill staff.
Mark Palmer
-
File- LEE
Research training
Act -
Status of the "Soviet-East European
Research and Training Act of 1983"
The "Soviet-East European Research and Training Act of
1983" (Title VIII of the Department of State Authorization Bill
for FY 84 and 85) was passed by the Congress last session and
signed by the President. The Department did not include funds
for Title VIII in the FY 84 budget request to Congress but has
done so for FY 85 in the amount of $5 million. OMB approved
both the amount of the request and the Department's desire to
cite it as a separate line item. In a memorandum of February
3, 1984, M/COMP assured INR that the Bureau would not have to
reprogram any of its funds (i.e., offset) to support Title VIII
activities unless the Congressional appropriations committees
did not accept the use of a separate line item (an unlikely
event). With this in hand, Hugh Montgomery began the
preliminary steps of committing resources to implementing the
Title VIII program.
Early in the discussions over the Lugar-Hamilton bill, INR,
in particular Paul Cook (and, quite deliberately, not the
Office of Long-Range Assessments), was chosen as the
coordinating point in the Department based on already
well-established contacts in the academic community, experience
in administering outside programs and expected ability to staff
the program. Neither the Congressional sponsors nor their
staff were upset by the prospect that a primarily academic
program would be handled by the Department's intelligence
bureau. Paul Cook has already been selected by Hugh Montgomery
as the Executive Director-designate and a position as Paul's
assistant is now being created in the Bureau to work entirely
on Title VIII (handling arrangments for the Advisory Committee
meetings, answering Congressional, personal, and academic
correspondence, and processing the first round of grant
proposals). The whole effort to pass and obtaining funding has
involved close cooperation between Cook, SOV and M/COMP and
consultation with EEY.
In his capacity as the Secretary's alternate as Chairman,
Hugh Montgomery intends to call an informal meeting of the
Advisory Committee for some time this spring to be followed by
the first formal session in mid summer. After the summer
meeting, an announcement in the name of the Secretary will be
placed in the Federal Register and professional publications
calling for proposals from national organizations to serve as
conduits for Title VIII funds. We expect that the Kennan
Institute, International Research and Exchanges Board, and
National Council for Soviet and East European Research will
submit a joint proposal. Assuming we succesfully secure the FY
85 appropriation, the Secretary should be able to begin making
grants on October 1.
EUR: MPalmer
John and I have discussed your interest in having a meeting
of interested parties on the Research Act. It is not clear
that a meeting at this time involving OMB, NSC, M/COMP, INR,
etc., would accomplish anything useful. With testimony before
the House Appropriations Committee now scheduled for March 30,
it seems a particularly bad time to begin what could turn into
a critical review of a program that so far is on track. Any
problems that we have had since we settled the issue of the
form funding would take have, I think, been inspired by the
unwillingness of Toumanoff and his ilk to let well enough
alone. I am sure that they are the cause of nagging by the
Congressional sponsors that we had no FY-84 funding, even
though there was no money in the designated pot to draw on. I
suspect that they have also been getting at Matlock. I suggest
that rather than a meeting you have a quiet conversation with
Jack and draw on the attached paper John has prepared.
In addition to the points John makes, I should note that
EUR/SOV has involved itself closely in the selection of Paul's
assistant and believes its candidate, a GS employee and former
SOV intern with experience in graduate work in Soviet affairs,
is a very strong favorite.
Byron
-2-
A question has been raised of why EUR is not the focal
point for this program. EUR lacks resources, particularly
personnel, and experience, and, as noted above, we informed the
Congressional sponsors last summer that INR would coordinate
Title VIII in the Department. The major organizations in the
field have comfortable relations with INR; it is, for example,
a longtime source of funding for the National Council. Having
INR as the manager should provide continuity which EUR cannot
offer, with almost all of its non-clerical positions classified
as Foreign Service and thus subject to regular rotation. It is
recognized, however, that vigilance will be necessary to keep
this an independent operation within INR if it is to retain
vigor and flexibility. To change management responsibilities
now would complicate what should be a smooth appropriations
process; a switch to EUR could be interpreted by the Congress
and academic community as a sign of the Department's lack of
sincere interest in implementing the goals of Title VIII and
suggest early bungling of Department management of the program.
FY 85 Funding for Title VIII
M/COMP assures us that if the Department gets an
appropriations bill for FY 85, Title VIII will receive the
requested $5 million. Because of the election campaigns,
however, it is possible that the Congress will not get around
to passing an appropriations bill and the Department will have
to make do once again with a continuing resolution (CR). In
this case, whether the Department receives the Title VIII money
depends on how the CR is written. If the CR notes the
appropriations committees' interest in Title VIII and refers to
the committees' reports, then we could well obtain the
requested funds. If the CR states that funding for the
Department will remain as approved for FY 84, then because
Title VIII was not funded this fiscal year and since an agency
cannot initiate new programs under a CR, we will not have funds
for this purpose. (In an off-the-record comment, M/COMP notes
that in this situation it might be possible to "re-program"
some funds internally for Title VIII start-up money.)
The timetable. The House Appropriations Committee will
hold hearings the end of March (including testimony from INR)
on the State budget, while the Secretary will testify before
the Senate Appropriations Committee in early April. This means
that mark-up is expected in late April and the bills could be
considered for floor vote by mid to late June. Because of the
impending political conventions and campaigns, the State bill
might not make it to the floor in time to avert a CR.
Lehmonk
views
C
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
Bud
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20503
paricin
July 1, 1983
BIJD
MEMORANDUM FOR: Robert C. McFarlane
Deputy Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs
FROM:
Alton G. Keel Jr.
Al
Associate Director for National Security and
International Affairs
SUBJECT:
H.R. 601, the Soviet-Eastern European
Research and Training Act of 1983
I am writing to seek your views and assistance in formulating
a coherent Executive Branch position on H.R. 601, which would
authorize a $50 million endowment to support U.S. education
and research on Soviet and Eastern European Affairs. On
April 29, we returned to the State Department their proposed
draft of a letter to the Congress supporting the bill. At
that time we indicated OMB concerns about H.R. 601 and
requested further information and justification. As yet we
have received no reply and, in spite of a staff level meeting
on May 25, no progress has been made in developing an
Executive Branch position. Congressional consideration of
the bill is proceding without Executive Branch views.
Our concerns about the bill are threefold:
1. No adequate justification of the need for this new
Federal activity has been provided by the Department.
There has been no specification of the deficiencies in
numbers or types of people or kinds of research that
may exist. To the contrary there is some evidence that
State has considerably more qualified applicants than
it needs in the area of Eastern European studies.
Moreover, it appears that private sector fund raising
activities may finance any needed enhancements of
university programs related to Eastern Europe.
2. To fund the bill as drafted would require $50 million
in budget authority beyond what has been requested by
the President. As you know, the Administration has
serious problems with the excessive funding levels
contained in a number of the 1984 appropriation bills,
2
already reported or passed in the Congress. We have
asked State to identify budget offsets that would make
this additional request acceptable, but the Department
has failed to respond.
3. The administrative provisions of the bill are not
appropriate. No Federal agency is made responsible for
the program and, therefore, adequate Federal financial
oversight is lacking. Furthermore, a trust fund is not
the appropriate funding mechanism, because no "trust"
relationship would exist under the bill. Annual
appropriations subject to Presidential review and
congressional enactment are more appropriate.
On the basis of the above concerns, we are inclined to oppose
the bill as it is presently drafted. However, we are aware
that Judge Clark and some NSC staff members are particularly
interested in it. We would appreciate your views on how the
bill might be improved. Perhaps an annually appropriated
research grant program under State's INR bureau would
accomplish the same ends with significantly smaller first
year costs.
BUD-
FRANCISH This Loous LIKE A "nice-To-mare",
but low prioring ITem IN STATE. Private
FUNDING effact IS presened Approven and Appratently
IS on-901N4 IT's TOUGH TO JUSTIFY Given other
Foeu. Assistance ITEMS which Are 401914 UNRONDED
Also, new much do we we name TO surrece
IN Congressionse INITIATIONS -- doesn't seem to be
buying us much maybe we should learn to say "no"-
Appreciate your views /y
A)
]
98TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H.R.601
To help ensure the Nation's independent factual knowledge of the Soviet Union
and Eastern European countries, to help maintain the national capability for
advanced research and training on which that knowledge depends, and to
provide partial financial support for national programs to serve both
purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
JANUARY 6, 1983
Mr. HAMILTON (for himself and Mr. SIMON) introduced the following bill; which
was referred jointly to the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Education and
Labor
A
BILL
To help ensure the Nation's independent factual knowledge of
the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, to help
maintain the national capability for advanced research and
training on which that knowledge depends, and to provide
partial financial support for national programs to serve both
purposes.
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
3
SHORT TITLE
4
SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the "Soviet-East-
5 ern European Research and Training Act of 1983".
2
1
FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS
-
2
SEC. 2. The Congress finds and declares that-
3
(1) factual knowledge, independently verified,
4
about the Soviet Union and Eastern European coun-
5
tries is of the utmost importance for the national secu-
6
rity of the United States, for the furtherance of our na-
7
tional interests in the conduct of foreign relations, and
8
for the prudent management of our domestic affairs;
9
(2) the development and maintenance of knowl-
10
edge about the Soviet Union and Eastern European
11
countries depends upon the national capability for ad-
12
vanced research by highly trained and experienced spe-
13
cialists, available for service in and out of Government;
14
(3) certain essential functions are necessary to
15
ensure the existence of that knowledge and the capa-
16
bility to sustain it, including-
17
(A) graduate training;
18
(B) advanced research;
19
(C) public dissemination of research data,
20
methods, and findings;
21
(D) contact and collaboration among Govern-
22
ment and private specialists and the facilitation of
23
research based on the extensive data holdings of
24
the United States Government; and
3
1
(E) firsthand experience of the Soviet Union
2
and Eastern European countries by American
3
specialists including onsite conduct of advanced
4
training and research to the extent practicable;
5
(4) three existing institutions already organized to
6
conduct the functions described in this section on a na-
7
tional scale are the National Council for Soviet and
8
East European Research, the Woodrow Wilson Inter-
9
national Center for Scholars, and the International Re-
10
search and Exchanges Board of the American Council
11
of Learned Societies; and
12
(5) it is in the national interest for the United
13
States Government to provide a stable source of finan-
14
cial support for the functions described in this section
15
and to supplement the financial support for those func-
16
tions which is currently being furnished by Federal,
17
local, State, regional, and private agencies, organiza-
18
tions, and individuals, and thereby to stabilize the con-
19
duct of these functions on a national scale, consistently,
20
and on a long range basis.
21
DEFINITIONS
22
SEC. 3. As used in this Act-
23
(1) the term "Board" means the International Re-
24
search and Exchanges Board organized in 1968 by the
HR 601 IH
4
1
American Council of Learned Societies and the Social
2
Science Research Council;
3
(2) the term "Center" means the Woodrow
4
Wilson International Center for Scholars of the Smith-
5
sonian Institution;
6
(3) the term "Fund" means the Soviet-Eastern
7
European Research and Training Fund established by
8
section 4;
9
(4) the term "institution of higher education" has
10
the same meaning given such term in section 1201(a)
11
of the Higher Education Act of 1965;
12
(5) the term "National Council" means the Na-
13
tional Council for Soviet and East European Research,
14
a not-for-profit corporation organized under the laws of
15
the District of Columbia in 1978; and
16
(6) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of
17
the Treasury.
18
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVIET-EASTERN EUROPEAN
19
RESEARCH AND TRAINING FUND
20
SEC. 4. There is established in the Treasury of the
21 United States a trust fund to be known as the Soviet-Eastern
22 European Research and Training Fund. The Fund shall con-
23 sist of-
24
(1) amounts appropriated to it under section 5;
25
and
HR 601 IH
5
1
(2) interest and proceeds credited to it under sec-
2
tion (8)(c).
3
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FUND
4
SEC. 5. Effective October 1, 1983, there are authorized
5 to be appropriated to the Fund, without fiscal year limitation,
6 $50,000,000.
7
USES OF PAYMENTS FROM THE FUND
8
SEC. 6. (a) The interest on any obligations held in the
9 Fund shall be available for payments to the National Council,
10 upon approval of an application in accordance with section 7,
11 for use in accordance with subsection (b).
12
(b)(1) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
13 shall be used by the National Council-
14
(A) in consultation with officials of the United
15
States Government designated by the Secretary of
16
State, to develop and keep current a research agenda
17
of fundamental research dealing with major policy
18
issues and questions of Soviet and Eastern European
19
development; and
20
(B) to conduct a national research program at the
21
postdoctoral or equivalent level in accordance with that
22
agenda, such program to include-
23
(i) the dissemination of information about the
24
research program and the solicitation of proposals
25
for research contracts from American institutions
HR 601 IH
6
1
of higher education and not-for-profit corporations,
2
which contracts shall contain shared-cost provi-
3
sions; and
4
(ii) the awarding of contracts for such re-
5
search projects as the Board of Trustees of the
6
National Council determines will best serve to
7
carry out the purposes of this Act after reviewing
8
the proposals submitted under clause (i).
9
(2) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
10 shall be used by the National Council-
11
(A) to establish and carry out a program of gradu-
12
ate, postdoctoral, and teaching fellowships for ad-
13
vanced training in Soviet and Eastern European stud-
14
ies and related studies, such program-
15
(i) to be coordinated with the research pro-
16
gram described in paragraph (1);
17
(ii) to be conducted, on a shared-cost basis,
18
at American institutions of higher education; and
19
(iii) to include-
20
(I) the dissemination of information on
21
the fellowship program and the solicitation of
22
applications for fellowships from qualified in-
23
stitutions of higher education and qualified
24
individuals; and
HR 601 IH
7
1
(II) the awarding of such fellowships as
2
the Board of Trustees of the National Coun-
3
cil determines will best serve to carry out
4
the purposes of this Act after reviewing ap-
5
plications submitted under subclause (I); and
6
(B) to disseminate research, data, and findings on
7
Soviet and Eastern European studies and related fields
8
in such a manner and to such extent as the Board of
9
Trustees of the National Council determines will best
10
serve to carry out the purposes of this Act.
11
(3) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year to
12 the National Council shall be used for payments to the
13 Center-
14
(A) to provide fellowship support and research
15
facilities in the District of Columbia for American spe-
16
cialists in the fields of Soviet and Eastern European
17
studies and related studies to conduct advanced re-
18
search with particular emphasis upon the use of data
19
on the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries;
20
and
21
(B) to conduct seminars, conferences, and other
22
similar workshops designed to facilitate research col-
23
laboration between Government and private specialists
24
in the fields of Soviet and East European studies and
25
related studies.
HR 601 III
8
1
(4) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year to
2 the National Council shall be used for payments to the Board
3 to conduct specialized programs in advanced training and re-
4 search on a reciprocal basis in the Union of Soviet Socialist
5 Republics and the countries of Eastern Europe designed to
6 facilitate access for American specialists to research insti-
7 tutes, personnel, archives, documentation, and other research
8 and training resources located in the Union of Soviet Social-
9 ist Republics and Eastern European countries.
10
APPLICATIONS; PAYMENTS TO THE NATIONAL COUNCIL
11
SEC. 7. (a) The National Council shall prepare and
12 submit an application to the Secretary once each fiscal year.
13 Each such application shall-
14
(1) provide a description of the purposes for which
15
the payments will be used in accordance with section
16
6; and
17
(2) provide such fiscal control and such accounting
18
procedures as may be necessary (A) to insure a proper
19
accounting of Federal funds paid to the National Coun-
20
cil under this Act, and (B) to insure the verification of
21
the costs of the continuing education and research pro-
22
grams conducted by the National Council under this
23
Act.
24
(b) The Secretary shall expeditiously approve any appli-
25 cation that meets the requirements of this section.
9
1
(c)(1) Payments to the National Council under this Act
2 shall be made as soon after approval of the application as
3 practicable.
4
(2) Payments to the National Council under this Act
5 may be made in installments, in advance, or by way of reim-
6 bursement, with necessary adjustments on account of over-
7 payments and underpayments.
8
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
9
SEC. 8. (a) It shall be the duty of the Secretary to invest
10 such portion of the Fund as is not, in his judgment, required
11 to meet current withdrawals. Such investments may be made
12 only in interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in
13 obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by
14 the United States. For such purpose, such obligations may be
15 acquired on original issue at the issue price or by purchase of
16 outstanding obligations at the market price. The purposes for
17 which obligations of the United States may be issued under
18 the Second Liberty Bond Act are extended to authorize the
19 issuance at par of special obligations exclusively to the Fund.
20 Such special obligations shall bear interest at a rate equal to
21 the average rate of interest, computed as to the end of the
22 calendar month next preceding the date of such issue, borne
23 by all marketable interest-bearing obligations of the United
24 States then forming a part of the public debt; except that
25 where such average rate is not a multiple of one-eighth of 1
HR 601 IH
10
1 per centum, the rate of interest of such special obligations
2 shall be the multiple of one-eighth of 1 per centum next
3 lower than such average rate. Such special obligations shall
4 be issued only if the Secretary determines that the purchase
5 of other interest-bearing obligations of the United States, or
6 of obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by
7 the United States on original issue or at the market price, is
8 not in the public interest.
9
(b) Any obligation acquired by the Fund (except special
10 obligations issued exclusively to the Fund) may be sold by the
11 Secretary at the market price, and such special obligations
12 may be redeemed at par plus accrued interest.
13
(c) The interest on, and the proceeds from the sale or
14 redemption of, any obligations held in the Fund shall be cred-
15 ited to and form a part of the Fund.
16
REPORT
17
SEC. 9. The National Council shall prepare and submit
18 to the President and the Congress at the end of each fiscal
19 year in which the National Council receives assistance under
20 this Act a report of the activities of the National Council, and
21 the activities of the Board and the Center, supported by as-
22 sistance under this Act, together with such recommendations
23 as the National Council deems advisable.
HR 601 IH
4708 Add-On
MEMORANDUM
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
ACTION
July 11, 1983
MEMORANDUM FOR ROBERT C. MCFARLANE
FROM:
JACK F. MATLOCK
fill
SUBJECT:
HR 601, the Soviet-East European Research and
Training Act of 1983
REF:
Mr. Keel's memorandum of July 1, 1983
My views, in brief, are the following:
-- Personnel and infrastructure for training and research in
the Soviet and East European area have suffered serious erosion
over the past few years and we face a crisis in maintaining an
adequate private sector capacity.
-- It is clearly in the national interest to preserve for the
future a strong training and research program, not merely to
insure an adequate flow of trained specialists for government
service, but also to insure wider public knowledge of our
principal adversary and thus bolster our public diplomacy
efforts.
-- Private funding, while improving slightly of late, is
inadequate to do the job alone.
-- The proposed legislation might benefit from
fine-tuning--and indeed there may be alternate approaches to
achieve the same end--but unless the Executive Branch can agree
promptly on a better approach and present a viable alternative
to the Congress, it seems preferable to support the
Congressional proposal.
-- To insure a sustained, well-planned effort, a "trust fund"
approach has many advantages. It might well start at a lower
figure, however (e.g., $20-25 Million).
-- Since this is an effort in the broad national interest,
budget offsets should not be sought from a single department,
but from a combination of those whose interests are served by it
(State, Defense, USIA, CIA and--not least--Education and the
National Endowment for the Humanities).
-- OMB should be encouraged to take the lead in putting
together a "package" of offsets to bring this funding within the
budget ceiling, with the Department of Education sharing the
burden with the foreign affairs agencies.
A more detailed exposition of my thoughts on the subject is
attached.
2
RECOMMENDATION
That I discuss informally along these lines with OMB.
Approve
Disapprove
That I discuss informally with Hamilton (the Congressional
sponsor) to obtain his view regarding possible offsets and
variants (e.g., lower funding initially).
Approve vif work of Disapprove
OMB
RESEARCH AND TRAINING ON
THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE
(HR 601)
The Problem: Following the launching of sputnik in 1956 and the
National Defense Education Act which followed it, area and
language studies, including notably those related to the USSR
and Eastern Europe, were greatly expanded and with very
substantial results. By the early seventies we had developed a
strong base and the academic community produced many research
studies of direct usefulness to the government (for example,
techniques for analyzing Soviet national income, psychological
profiles of Soviet citizens--based on emigre interviews,
analyses of Soviet decision-making processes, and many case
studies of Soviet activities in the "Third World").
During the seventies, however, this base suffered serious
erosion. The following factors were relevant:
-- The "post-Vietnam" syndrome, including a turning inward by
many young people. Enrollments in Russian language, for
example, dropped to less than half of the peak reached in the
60's.
-- End of the NDEA coincided with the phasing out of much
Foundation funding, itself increasingly directed to domestic
concerns.
-- The combination of low enrollments and financial stringency
caused many universities to cut back on support for Soviet and
East European area studies. The recent termination of
Georgetown's PhD program in Soviet studies is but the latest in
a series of such actions.
While the productivity of scholars already trained and in place
masks these trends, inroads in our training capacity have
reached proportions which are truly alarming for the national
interest in the future. It takes many years to develop research
centers and to train specialists; if something is not done now
to stem the erosion, we shall be sorely lacking in needed
expertise in the 1990's. And if we wait until then, it will
take another ten years or so to build it up again.
The Federal Government Interest
One of the reasons it has been difficult to focus the attention
of the bureaucracy on this growing problem is that the question
is usually posed in narrow terms. Specificially, agencies have
been asked if they can still recruit a sufficient number of
specialists to meet their personnel needs. The answer is
normally yes, and many then assume that cries of alarm are
unfounded. But this is not the key question, because government
agencies hire very few young specialists, and if we ever reach
the point that we cannot find those limited numbers, then this
will only confirm that relevant training facilities have already
collapsed.
There is another reason for not basing our judgment entirely on
the potential pool of recruits for government service. In our
democracy we can only sustain an effective foreign policy if
familiarity with our adversaries is widely spread among the
population, particularly among influential citizens. Nothing
contributes more to a basic understanding of what is at stake in
defending our values and our way of life, and of the need for
firmness, than a close study of the Soviet Union. While
relatively few Americans will ever specialize in Soviet studies,
the existence of area study centers at universities throughout
the U.S. facilitates a healthy input of facts and realism into
the stream of public opinion formation.
Finally, the research efforts of scholars are of frequent and
direct utility to policy makers. Not being burdened by the need
to make day-to-day operational decisions, scholars can often
take a longer and more detached view of developments and bring
important insights to bear that might otherwise be clouded by a
preoccupation with short-term problems. And the existence of
competent, well-informed private researchers provides some
insurance against "group thinking" inside a bureaucracy.
Remember the "Team B" intelligence analysis--something which
would not have been possible if all the expertise were
concentrated within the government.
Is Federal Funding the Answer?
I wish it weren't, but practically speaking I see no other
source of funding which will be adequate to the task. Not that
private money is totally absent--the universities still commit
considerable resources, the Harriman gift will strengthen things
at Columbia, and government research funds help keep the think
tanks afloat--but this is not sufficient to maintain a strong
overall base. And whereas other area studies can benefit from
corporate donations and even support from governments of the
countries in question (Arab money for chairs in ME studies, for
example), neither is feasible for Soviet studies.
The Congressional Proposal: HR 601: This is the first concrete
proposal, to my knowledge, which addresses the overall problem
which we face. I am not in a position to pass judgment on its
details--it clearly represents only one way to go, and there may
well be others--but I am convinced that something like it is
necessary, and necessary very soon. Unless the Executive Branch
can gear up to produce very quickly an alternate--and I doubt
that we can--I think that we should go with the bird in hand.
If we detect any glaring deficiences, we should of course try to
get them corrected, but my initial impression is that it is a
workable approach, although it might be desirable to spell out
more specifically how the "trust fund" will work and provide
more specifics as to how it would be managed.
While OMB is dubious about the multi-year funding aspects of the
"trust fund" approach, I believe that this is justified in this
instance, since we need to address a long-term problem, and
erratic levels of annual funding would simply be a waste of
money. The field needs predictable and steady--even if
modest--support if the funds are to be used effectively.
That said, I am not certain that a $50 million fund is necessary
from the very beginning. It will take some time to plan
expenditures and to obligate the funds wisely. One might
consider as an alternative, an initial allocation of $20-25
million, with the possibility of adding a like amount after a
year or two, if the initial experience justifies it. A staged
approach would also reduce the offset problem, facilitate course
corrections in light of experience, and meet some of the
concerns for future oversight.
As for the offsets required to stay within budget ceilings, I
think it is clear that these should not be the burden of a
single agency of the government. The need and potential
benefits are quite general and each individual agency can argue
logically that it has higher priorities. They will also resist
reducing their own budgets to provide money for someone else.
From their parochial points of view, they are doubtless right.
Yet I believe this effort represents a fairly high national
priority, and our task is to find a way to accommodate this to
responsible fiscal planning.
MEMORANDUM FOR:
Jack Matlock
& FROM:
Ty
Soviet V Bill Status
SUBJECT:
I talked with Paul Cook a few minutes age and he passed on the
following with respect to the appropriations on the Soviet package:
-- It came out of the subcommittee, as youm noted, with zero. The
rationale, apparently, is that there will be no new spending programs
this year (The President's "Rose Garden" pledge)
-- Full committee tomorrow. Laxalt heads. He is the key.
-- Paul, of course, wants to get moving now and would like to m
influence the committee vote. Officially, State:
--- Feels that the Conference committee is the place to weigh in
(Since the House has already appopriated).
--- Feels that there is a rank order of programs in the Title 8 (?)
appropriations for State. This has been ranked low. (Therefore, for us
or Paul to interfere now by a call over to Laxalt may go against
State prioritization, or lead to the nixing of a higher-ranked
program).
-- If you think we need to call over, we should get a memo to Bud,
or to the Legislative peopèe for clearance. Do you think we should?
--Ty
13330 11 June
JACK : - DK.- Run SAble SAid t
would be f me, in
View of this memo.
1 Either you or I
12
should/could CAll
this LAALT's office on
1 which?
Chri-
Circulate to
JL
PD
ICN
Then PD is tablish
file for this
subject (if me
dan + already
have ane)
Is
For: Ambassador Matlock
Pm368
From: John Zimmerman
EUR/SOV
Proposed Amendment
Soviet-East European Research and Training Act
of 1983
SHORT TITLE
Section 1. This title may be cited as the "Soviet-East
European Research and Training Act of 1983.'
FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS
Section 2. The Congress finds and declares that --
(1) factual knowledge, independently verified, about
the Soviet Union and East European countries is of the utmost
importance for the national security of the United States, for
the furtherance of our national interests in the conduct of
foreign relations, and for the prudent management of our
domestic affairs;
(2) the development and maintenance of knowledge about
the Soviet Union and East European countries depends upon the
national capability for advanced research by highly trained and
experienced specialists, available for service in and out of
Government;
(3) certain essential functions are necessary to
ensure the existence of that knowledge and the capability to
sustain it, including --
(A) graduate training;
(B) advanced research;
(C) public dissemination of research data, methods,
and findings;
(D) contact and collaboration among Government and
private specialists and the facilitation of research based on
the extensive public holdings of the United States Government;
and
(E) firsthand experience of the Soviet Union and
East European countries by American specialists including
on-site conduct of advanced training and research to the extent
practicable; and
(4) it is in the national interest for the United
States -Government to provide a stable source of financial
support for the functions described in this section and to
supplement the financial support for those functions which is
currently being furnished by Federal, State, local, regional,
and private agencies, organizations, and individuals, and
thereby to stabilize the conduct of these functions on a
national scale, consistently, and on a long-range, unclassified
basis.
-2-
DEFINITIONS
Section 3. As used in this title --
(1) the term "institution of higher education" has the
same meaning given such term in section 1201 (a) of the Higher
Education Act of 1965; and
(2) the term "Advisory Committee" means the
Soviet-East European Studies Advisory Committee.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVIET-EAST EUROPEAN
GENERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Section 4. (a) There is established within the Department of
State the Soviet-East European General Advisory Committee which
shall be composed of the Secretary of State, the Librarian of
Congress, the Director of Central Intelligence, the President
of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic
Studies, and the President of the Association of American
Universities. The Secretary of State shall be the Chairman of
the Committee.
(b) The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of
the Chairman and shall hold at least one meeting each year.
Three members of the Advisory Committee shall constitute a
quorum.
(c) The Secretary of State may detail personnel of the
Department of State to provide technical and clerical
assistance to the Advisory Committee in carrying out its
functions under this title.
(d) The Advisory Committee shall recommend grant
policies for the advancement of the objectives of this Act. In
proposing recipients for grants under this title, the Advisory
Committee shall give the highest priority to national
organizations with an interest in conducting research and
training concerning Soviet and East European countries and in
disseminating the results thereof. In making its
recommendations, the Advisory Committee shall emphasize the
development of stable, long-term unclassified programs.
AUTHORITY TO MAKE PAYMENTS
Section 5. (a) The Secretary of State, after consultation
with the Advisory Committee, shall make grant payments, in
accordance with the provisions of this section, out of funds
made available to carry out this title.
(b) (1) One part of the payments made in each fiscal
year shall be used to conduct a national research program at
the postdoctoral or equivalent level, such program to include --
-3-
(A) the dissemination of information about the
research program and the solicitation of proposals for research
contracts from American institutions of higher education and
not-for-profit corporations, which contracts shall contain
shared-cost provisions; and
(B) the awarding of contracts for such research
projects as the respective grantee institution determines will
best serve to carry out the purposes of this title after
reviewing the proposals submitted under clause (A).
(2) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
shall be used --
(A) to establish and carry out a program of
graduate, postdoctoral, and teaching fellowships for advanced
training in Soviet and East European studies and related
studies, such program --
(i) to be coordinated with the research program
described in paragraph (1);
(ii) to be conducted, on a shared-cost basis, at
American institutions of higher education; and
(iii) to include --
(I) the dissemination of information on the
fellowship program and the solicitation of applications for $
fellowships from qualified institutions of higher education and
qualified individuals; and
(II) the awarding of such fellowships as the
respective institution determines will best serve to carry out
the purposes of this title after reviewing applications
submitted under subclause (I) and
(B) to disseminate research, data, and findings on
Soviet and East European studies and related fields in such a
manner and to such extent as the respective institution
determines will best serve to carry out the purposes of this
title.
(3) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
shall be used --
(A) to provide fellowship and research support for
specialists in the fields of Soviet and East European studies
and related studies to conduct advanced research with
particular emphasis upon the use of data on the Soviet Union
and East European countries; and;
(B) to conduct seminars, conferences, and other
similar workshops designed to facilitate research collaboration
between Government and private specialists in the fields of
Soviet and East European studies and related studies.
(4) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
shall be used to conduct specialized programs in advanced
training and research on a reciprocal basis in the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics and the countries of Eastern Europe
-4-
designed to facilitate access for American specialists to
research institutes, personnel, archives, documentation, and
other research and training resources located in the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics and East European countries.
(5) The Advisory Committee may recommend payments to
carry out other research and training in Soviet and East
European studies not otherwise described in this section.
APPLICATIONS; PAYMENTS TO ELIGIBLE ORGANIZATIONS
Section 6. (a) Any institution seeking grant funding from
the Secretary of State under this title shall prepare and
submit an application to the Secretary of State once each
fiscal year. Each such application shall --
(1) provide a description of the purposes for which
the payments will be used in accordance with section 5; and
(2) provide such fiscal control and such accounting
procedures as may be necessary (A) to insure a proper
accounting of Federal funds paid under this title, and (B) to
insure the verification of the costs of the continuing
education and research programs conducted under this title.
(b) The Secretary of State, after consultation with
the Advisory Committee, may approve or deny any application for
whatever reasons the Secretary of State deems necessary to
carry out the provisions of this title.
(c) Payments under this title may be made in
installments, in advance, or by way of reimbursement, with
necessary adjustments on account of overpayments and
underpayments.
REPORT
Section 7. The Secretary of State shåll prepare and submit
to the President and the Congress at the end of each fiscal
year in which an institution receives assistance under this
title a report of the activities of such institution supported
by such assistance if the administrative expenses of such an
institution represent more than 10 percent of such assistance,
the report shall include an accounting of any such assistance
together with such recommendations on this issue as the
Advisory Committee deems advisable.
FEDERAL CONTROL OF EDUCATION PROHIBITED
Section 8. Nothing contained in this title may be construed
to authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of
the United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or
control over the curriculum, program of instruction or
research, administration, or personnel of any educational
institution.
-5-
ALLOCATION OF FUNDS
Section 9. Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for
the fiscal years 1984 and 1985 by paragraph (1) of section 102,
up to $5,000,000 for each fiscal year shall be available only
to carry out the provisions of this title.
TERMINATION OF PROVISIONS
Section 10. The provisions of this title shall terminate
ten years after its date of enactment.
Chin-
File'.
PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO S.873
viz: Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert in
lieu thereof the following:
SHORT TITLE
Section 1. This Act may be cited as the "Soviet-East
European Research and Training Act of 1983."
FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS
Sec. 2. The Congress finds and declares that --
(1) factual knowledge, independently verified, about
the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe is of the utmost importance
for the national security of the United States, for the
furtherance of our national interests in the conduct of foreign
relations, and for the prudent management of our domestic
affairs;
(2) the development and maintenance of knowledge about
the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe depends upon the national
capability for advanced research by highly trained and
experienced specialists, serving both in and out of Government;
(3) certain essential functions are necessary to
ensure the existence of that knowledge and the capability to
sustain it, including --
(A) graduate training;
(B) advanced research;
(C) public dissemination of research data, methods,
and findings;
(D) contact and collaboration among Government and
private specialists for the facilitation of research; and
(E) firsthand experience in the Soviet Union and
Eastern Europe by American specialists including on-site
conduct of advanced training and research; and
(4) it is in the national interest for the United
States Government to provide a stable source of financial
support for the functions described in this section and to
supplement the financial support for those functions which is
currently being furnished by Federal, State, local, regional,
and private agencies, organizations, and individuals, and
thereby to stabilize the conduct of these functions on a
national scale, consistently, and on a long-range, unclassified
basis.
DEFINITIONS
Sec. 3. As used in this Act --
(1) the term "Fund" means the Soviet-East European
Research and Training Fund established by section 4;
(2) the term "Committee" means the Soviet-East
European Fund Advisory Committee established in section 6, as
set forth in the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Public Law
92-463, 1972) as amended;
-2-
(3) the term "institution of higher education" has the
same meaning given such term in section 1201 (a) of the Higher
Education Act of 1965;
(4) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of State;
and
(5) the term "Department" means the Department of
State.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVIET-EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH AND
TRAINING FUND
Sec. 4. There is established in the Department of State of
the United States a fund to be known as the Soviet-East
European Research and Training Fund. The Fund shall consist of
amounts appropriated to it under section 5.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FUND
Sec 5. To carry out the provisions of this Act, there is
hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State
$5,000,000 for Fiscal Year 1985 and such sums as may be
necessary for each succeeding fical year.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Sec. 6. The Secretary shall be responsible for the
management of the Fund, including disbursing funds to
non-government, national organizations representative of the
profession which, in turn, would provide grants to
institutional and individual recipients. The Secretary shall be
assisted by the Soviet-East European Fund Advisory Committee
(see section 7) consisting of distinguished Americans in and
out of government service.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMITTEE
Sec. 7. (a) There is established the Soviet-East European
Fund Advisory Committee which shall be composed of the
Secretary of State, the Director of Central Intelligence, the
Librarian of Congress, the President of the Association of
American Universities, the Chairman of the Social Science
Research Council, the President of the National Academy of
Sciences, and a distinguished private citizen familiar with
Soviet and East European affairs chosen by the Chairman. The
Secretary shall serve as Chairman of the Committee. The
Committee shall advise the Secretary regarding the overall
policy of the Fund, recommend to the Secretary those private
sector institutions best able to manage national programs of
research and training grants, and provide him with an annual
review of programs supported by the Fund.
-3-
(b) The Committee shall meet at the call of the Secretary
and shall hold at least one meeting each year. Four members of
the Committee shall constitute a quorum.
(c) The Secretary may detail personnel of the Department to
provide technical and clerical assistance to the Committee in
carrying out its functions under the Act. The Secretary may
request other Government agencies concerned with the problems
presented in section 2 to appoint representatives to advisory
bodies to assist him in carrying out the purposes of this Act.
USES OF PAYMENTS TO THE FUND
Sec. 8. (a) Monies held in the Fund shall be available for
payments, upon approval by the Secretary, of an application in
accordance with section 9, for use in accordance with
subsections (b) and (c).
(b) Payment shall be used --
(1) to implement a research agenda, as formulated by
the Secretary with advice from the Committee, dealing with
questions of interest both to the professional Soviet-East
European studies community and to Government policymakers;
(2) to establish and implement a program of
graduate, postdoctoral, and teaching fellowships for training
and research in Soviet-East European studies;
(3) to disseminate research, data and other
information on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe;
(4) to conduct seminars, conferences, and workshops
designed to facilitate research collaboration between
Government and private specialists in Soviet-East European
studies;
(5) to conduct exchange-of-specialists programs
involving advanced training and research with the Soviet Union
and the nations of Eastern Europe so as to facilitate access
for American specialists to research institutes, archives,
documents, personnel, and other research and training resources
located in that geographic region.
(c) The Committee shall insure that all institutions
receiving payments pursuant to section 9 will --
(1) be American institutions of higher education or
not-for-profit organizations;
(2) disseminate information about fellowships,
research contracts and grants, and other activities authorized
by this Act;
(3) solicit applications for fellowships and
research contracts and grants from qualified institutions and
individuals; and
-4-
(4) where appropriate, give substantial preference
to contracts and proposals which contain significant
shared-cost provisions.
APPLICATIONS; PAYMENTS TO ELIGIBLE ORGANIZATIONS
Sec. 9. (a) Any institution or organization seeking funding
under this Act shall prepare and submit an application to the
Committee. Each such application shall --
(1) provide a description of the purposes for which
the payments will be used in accordance with section 8; and
(2) provide such fiscal control and such accounting
procedures as may be necessary (A) to insure a proper
accounting of Federal funds paid under this Act, and (B) to
insure the verification of the costs of the continuing
education and research programs conducted under this Act.
(b) The Committee may approve or deny any application
for whatever reasons it deems necessary to carry out the
provisions of this Act.
(c) Payments under this Act may be made in
installments, in advance, or by way of reimbursement, with
necessary adjustments on account of overpayments and
underpayments.
FEDERAL CONTROL OF EDUCATION PROHIBITED
Sec. 10. Nothing contained in this Act may be construed to
authorize any department, agency, officer, or employee of the
United States to exercise any direction, supervision, or
control over the curriculum, program of instruction or
research, administration, or personnel of any educational
institution.
HAY
II
98TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
S.873
To help ensure the Nation's independent factual knowledge of the Soviet Union
and Eastern European countries, to help maintain the national capability for
advanced research and training on which that knowledge depends, and to
provide partial financial support for national programs to serve both pur-
poses.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
MARCH 21, 1983
Mr. LUGAR (for himself, Mr. BIDEN, Mr. COHEN, Mr. GLENN, Mr. HATCH, Mr.
JACKSON, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. MATHIAS, Mr. PERCY, and Mr. BRADLEY) intro-
duced the following bill; which was read twice and referred jointly to the
Committees on Labor and Human Resources and Foreign Relations, by
unanimous consent
A
BILL
To help ensure the Nation's independent factual knowledge of
the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, to help
maintain the national capability for advanced research and
training on which that knowledge depends, and to provide
partial financial support for national programs to serve both
purposes.
1
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
2
1
SHORT TITLE
1
2
SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the "Soviet-East-
2
3 ern European Research and Training Act of 1983".
3
4
FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS
4
5
SEC. 2. The Congress finds and declares that-
5
6
(1) factual knowledge, independently verified,
6
7
about the Soviet Union and Eastern European coun-
7
8
tries is of the utmost importance for the national secu-
8
9
rity of the United States, for the furtherance of our na-
9
10
tional interests in the conduct of foreign relations, and
10
11
for the prudent management of our domestic affairs;
11
12
(2) the development and maintenance of knowl-
12
13
edge about the Soviet Union and Eastern European
13
14
countries depends upon the national capability for ad-
14
15
vanced research by highly trained and experienced spe-
15
16
cialists, available for service in and out of Government;
16
17
(3) certain essential functions are necessary to
17
18
ensure the existence of that knowledge and the capa-
18
19
bility to sustain it, including-
19
20
(A) graduate training;
20
21
(B) advanced research;
21
22
(C) public dissemination of research data,
22
23
methods, and findings;
23
24
(D) contact and collaboration among Govern-
24
25
ment and private specialists and the facilitation of
S 873 IS
3
1
research based on the extensive data holdings of
2
the United States Government; and
3
(E) firsthand experience of the Soviet Union
4
and Eastern European countries by American
5
specialists including on-site conduct of advanced
6
training and research to the extent practicable;
7
(4) three existing institutions already organized to
8
conduct the functions described in this section on a na-
9
tional scale are the National Council for Soviet and
10
East European Research, the Woodrow Wilson Inter-
11
national Center for Scholars, and the International Re-
12
search and Exchanges Board of the American Council
13
of Learned Societies; and
14
(5) it is in the national interest for the United
15
States Government to provide a stable source of finan-
16
cial support for the functions described in this section
17
and to supplement the financial support for those func-
18
tions which is currently being furnished by Federal,
19
State, local, regional, and private agencies, organiza-
20
tions, and individuals, and thereby to stabilize the con-
21
duct of these functions on a national scale, consistently,
22
and on a long range basis.
23
DEFINITIONS
24
SEC. 3. As used in this Act-
S 873 IS
4
1
1
(1) the term "Board" means the International Re-
2
2
search and Exchanges Board organized in 1968 by the
3
3
American Council of Learned Societies and the Social
4
4.
Science Research Council;
5
5
(2) the term "Center" means the Woodrow
6
6
Wilson International Center for Scholars of the Smith-
7
7
sonian Institution;
8
8
(3) the term "Fund" means the Soviet-Eastern
9
9
European Research and Training Fund established by
10
10
section 4;
11
11
(4) the term "institution of higher education" has
12
12
the same meaning given such term in section 1201(a)
13
13
of the Higher Education Act of 1965;
14
14
(5) the term "National Council" means the Na-
15
15
tional Council for Soviet and East European Research,
16
16
a not-for-profit corporation organized under the laws of
17
17
the District of Columbia in 1978;
18
18
(6) the term "Oversight Committee" means the
19
19
Soviet-Eastern European Studies Oversight Commit-
20
20
tee; and
21
21
(7) except where otherwise provided, the term
22
22
"Secretary" means the Secretary of the Treasury.
23
24
25
S 873 IS
5
1
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVIET-EASTERN EUROPEAN
2
RESEARCH AND TRAINING FUND
3
SEC. 4. There is established in the Treasury of the
4 United States a trust fund to be known as the Soviet-Eastern
5 European Research and Training Fund. The Fund shall con-
6 sist of-
7
(1) amounts appropriated to it under section 5;
8
and
9
(2) interest and proceeds credited to it under sec-
10
tion (8)(c).
11
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FUND
12
SEC. 5. Effective October 1, 1983, there are authorized
13 to be appropriated to the Fund, without fiscal year limitation,
14 $50,000,000.
15
ESTABLISHMENT OF OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE
16
SEC. 6. (a) There is established the Soviet-Eastern Eu-
17 ropean Studies Oversight Committee which shall be com-
18 posed of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the
19 Secretary of Education, the Librarian of Congress, the Chair-
20 man of the American Council of Learned Societies, and the
21 Chairman of the Social Science Research Council. The Sec-
22 retary of State shall serve as Chairman of the Oversight
23 Committee.
24
(b) The Oversight Committee shall meet at the call of
25 the Chairman and shall hold at least one meeting each year.
S 873 IS
6
1 Four members of the Oversight Committee shall constitute a
2 quorum.
3
(c) The Secretary of State may detail personnel of the
4 Department of State to provide technical and clerical assist-
5 ance to the Oversight Committee in carrying out its functions
6 under this Act.
7
USES OF PAYMENTS FROM THE FUND
8
SEC. 7. (a) The interest on any obligations held in the
9 Fund shall be available for payments, upon approval of an
10 application by the Oversight Committee in accordance with
1(
11 section 8, for use in accordance with subsection (b).
1:
12
(b)(1) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
1:
13 shall be made to the National Council to be used—
13
14
(A) in consultation with officials of the United
14
15
States Government designated by the Secretary of
15
16
State, to develop and keep current a research agenda
16
17
of fundamental research dealing with major policy
17
18
issues and questions of Soviet and Eastern European
18
19
development; and
19
20
(B) to conduct a national research program at the
20
21
postdoctoral or equivalent level in accordance with that
21
22
agenda, such program to include-
22
23
(i) the dissemination of information about the
23
24
research program and the solicitation of proposals
24
25
for research contracts from American institutions
S 873 IS
7
1
of higher education and not-for-profit corporations,
2
which contracts shall contain shared-cost provi-
3
sions; and
4
(ii) the awarding of contracts for such re-
5
search projects as the Board of Trustees of the
6
National Council determines will best serve to
7
carry out the purposes of this Act after reviewing
8
the proposals submitted under clause (i).
9
(2) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
10 shall be made to the National Council to be used—
11
(A) to establish and carry out a program of gradu-
12
ate, postdoctoral, and teaching fellowships for ad-
13
vanced training in Soviet and Eastern European stud-
14
ies and related studies, such program-
15
(i) to be coordinated with the research pro-
16
gram described in paragraph (1);
17
(ii) to be conducted, on a shared-cost basis,
18
at American institutions of higher education; and
19
(iii) to include-
20
(I) the dissemination of information on
21
the fellowship program and the solicitation of
22
applications for fellowships from qualified in-
23
stitutions of higher education and qualified
24
individuals; and
S 873 IS
8
1
(II) the awarding of such fellowships as
2
the Board of Trustees of the National Coun-
3
cil determines will best serve to carry out
4
the purposes of this Act after reviewing ap-
5
plications submitted under subclause (I); and
6
(B) to disseminate research, data, and findings on
7
Soviet and Eastern European studies and related fields
8
in such a manner and to such extent as the Board of
9
Trustees of the National Council determines will best
10
serve to carry out the purposes of this Act.
1
11
(3) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
1
12 shall be made to the Center to be used—
1
13
(A) to provide fellowship support and research
1
14
facilities in the District of Columbia for American spo-
1
15
cialists in the fields of Soviet and Eastern European
1
16
studies and related studies to conduct advanced re:-
1
17
search with particular emphasis upon the use of data
1
18
on the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries
1
19
and
1.
20
(B) to conduct seminars, conferences, and other
2
21
similar workshops designed to facilitate research CC
2:
22
laboration between Government and private specialis
2:
23
in the fields of Soviet and East European studies a:
23
24
related studies.
24
25
S 873 IS
9
1
(4) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year
2 shall be made to the Board to be used to conduct specialized
3 programs in advanced training and research on a reciprocal
4 basis in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the coun-
5 tries of Eastern Europe designed to facilitate access for
6 American specialists to research institutes, personnel, ar-
7 chives, documentation, and other research and training re-
8 sources located in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and
9 Eastern European countries.
10
(5) Payments may be made to any other organization
11 not referred to in this section to carry out research and train-
12 ing in Soviet and Eastern European studies.
13
APPLICATIONS; PAYMENTS TO ELIGIBLE ORGANIZATIONS
14
SEC. 8. (a) The National Council, the Center, and the
15 Board shall each prepare and submit an application to the
16 Oversight Committee once each fiscal year. In addition, any
17 other organization may submit an application to the Over-
18 sight Committee. Each such application shall-
19
(1) provide a description of the purposes for which
20
the payments will be used in accordance with section
21
7; and
22
(2) provide such fiscal control and such accounting
23
procedures as may be necessary (A) to insure a proper
24
accounting of Federal funds paid under this Act, and
25
(B) to insure the verification of the costs of the con-
S 873 IS
10
1
tinuing education and research programs conducted
2
under this Act.
3
(b) The Oversight Committee shall expeditiously ap-
4 prove any application that meets the requirements of this sec-
5 tion.
6
(c)(1) Payments under this Act shall be made as soon
7 after approval of the application as practicable.
8
(2) Payments under this Act may be made in install-
9 ments, in advance, or by way of reimbursement, with neces-
10 sary adjustments on account of overpayments and underpay-
11 ments.
12
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
13
SEC. 9. (a) It shall be the duty of the Secretary, upon
14 request of the Oversight Committee, to invest such portion of
15 the Fund as is not, in the determination of the Oversight
16 Committee, required to meet current withdrawals. Such in-
17 vestments may be made only in interest-bearing obligations
18 of the United States or in obligations guaranteed as to both
19 principal and interest by the United States. For such pur-
20 pose, such obligations may be acquired on original issue at
21 the issue price or by purchase of outstanding obligations at
22 the market price. The purposes for which obligations of the
23 United States may be issued under the Second Liberty Bond
24 Act are extended to authorize the issuance at par of special
25 obligations exclusively to the Fund. Such special obligations
S 873 IS
11
1 shall bear interest at a rate equal to the average rate of inter-
2 est, computed as to the end of the calendar month next pre-
3 ceding the date of such issue, borne by all marketable inter-
4 est-bearing obligations of the United States then forming a
5 part of the public debt; except that where such average rate
6 is not a multiple of one-eighth of 1 per centum, the rate of
7 interest of such special obligations shall be the multiple of
8 one-eighth of 1 per centum next lower than such average
9 rate. Such special obligations shall be issued only if the Sec-
10 retary determines that the purchase of other interest-bearing
11 obligations of the United States, or of obligations guaranteed
12 as to both principal and interest by the United States on
13 original issue or at the market price, is not in the public
14 interest.
15
(b) Any obligation acquired by the Fund (except special
16 obligations issued exclusively to the Fund) may be sold by the
17 Secretary at the market price, and such special obligations
18 may be redeemed at par plus accrued interest.
19
(c) The interest on, and the proceeds from the sale or
20 redemption of, any obligations held in the Fund shall be cred-
21 ited to and form a part of the Fund.
22
REPORT
23
SEC. 10. The Oversight Committee shall prepare and
24 submit to the President and the Congress at the end of each
25 fiscal year in which an organization receives assistance under
S 873 IS
12
1 this Act a report of the activities of such organization sup-
2 ported by such assistance and an accounting of any such as-
3 sistance used to cover administrative expenses of such orga-
4 nization, together with such recommendations as the Over-
5 sight Committee deems advisable.
6
TERMINATION OF PROVISIONS
7
SEC. 11. (a) The provisions of this Act shall terminate
8 ten years after its date of enactment.
9
(b) Upon termination of this Act pursuant to subsection
10 (a), amounts remaining in the Fund shall be covered into the
11 miscellaneous funds of the Treasury of the United States.
o
S 873 IS