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Ronald Reagan Presidential Library
Digital Library Collections
This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections.
Collection: Blackwell, Morton: Files
Folder Title: Reagan! (1 of 2)
Box: 23
To see more digitized collections visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library
To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit:
https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection
Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected]
Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing
National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
Nina supposedly
called Phyllis of
Mike Deaver called
Paul Laxalt with regrets
Diane from Mrs
R's scheduling office
9/23
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
To Gug Newell
FROM:
MICHAEL K. DEAVER
Assistant to the President
Deputy Chief of Staff
Information
Action
T.D.
Paike-A think this
MEMORANDUM
gress
THE WHITE HOUSE
Is fine for Oct. 2-
AM coverned
WASHINGTON
Phyllis will keep
July
28, 1981 it
TO:
Elizabeth H. Dole
a real plus SHD for us.
FROM:
Morton C. Blackwell
RE:
Testimonial Dinner in honor of Nancy Reagan
This dinner is planned for October 2 in the main ballroom of
the Capitol Hilton Hotel. It will be limited by invitation
only to members of the Eagle Forum, all of whom have been long
time ardent supporters of Ronald Reagan.
Senator Paul Laxalt has been invited and has graciously agreed
to give the principal testimonial.
Other speakers and Members of Congress have not been invited
primarily because Mrs. Schlafly feels that suggestions should
come from Mrs. Reagan and her staff. Mrs. Schlafly wants this
to be an exciting, warm, friendly and elegant affair with a
mix of different people. She feels that it is important that
Mrs. Reagan be comfortable with the speakers who will be paying
tribute to her.
I have been to many other functions organized by Phyllis Schlafly.
She does such things very well.
This event is particularly important because this constituency
was stung by the O'Connor nomination. They basically support
the President; this will go a long way toward mending the fences
with them. Attached is a copy of Mrs. Schlafly's July newsletter
which is a beautifully done and forceful call for support of
"Reaganomics", highlighting the President's tax plan.
Eagle Forum
Leading the pro-family movement since 1972
President: Phyllis Schlaflý
WASHINGTON OFFICE: 316 PENNSYLVANIA AVE., S.E., SUITE 203, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20003
(202) 544-0353
HEADQUARTERS OFFICE: BOX 618, ALTON, ILLINOIS 62002
(618) 462-5415
June 24, 1981
Mrs. Ronald Reagan
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mrs. Reagan:
We are so fortunate that, for the first time in many years,
we have a First Lady we can all admire and respect, and one
who makes us SO proud to be Americans.
The ladies of Eagle Forum would like to honor you at a
Testimonial Dinner in Washington, D.C. this fall, which would
be attended by a national audience of women leaders and
dignitaries. Senator Paul Laxalt has graciously agreed to
give the principal testimonial to you on that occasion, and we
sincerely hope it will be possible for you to accept.
Your Testimonial Dinner would be attended by some 400
women leaders from all fifty states -- the faithful ones who
have worked tirelessly and for many years for Ronald Reagan
and for other conservative causes. This is a very special
group (as Paul Laxalt will tell you) of women who were abso-
lutely thrilled with the Reagan victory last November. Other
attendees would include Members of Congress, members of the
Administration, celebrities, and some of your close friends.
This national salute to our First Lady would be the high-
light of the Tenth Annual Conference of Eagle Forum, the orig-
inal. and leading pro-family organization in the country. These
are women who have led and won many important political battles
and all of them worked long and hard during 1980 for Ronald
Reagan's election. We usually hold our annual conference in
St. Louis, and many of our mutual friends (including Paul Laxalt,
Jesse Helms, and Jake Garn) have been the featured speakers
in previous years.
This year we moved our conference to Washington SO that we
can have the Testimonial for you at a convenient location only
a few blocks from the White House. We are holding the Ballroom
at the Capitol Hilton Hotel for Friday evening, October ninth,
but if that is not a convenient date, we will be glad to change
to another one.
"They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles;
they shall not shall
Eagle Forum
Leading the pro-family movement since 1972
President: Phyllis Schlafly
WASHINGTON OFFICE: 316 PENNSYLVANIA AVE., S.E., SUITE 203, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20003
(202) 544-0353
HEADQUARTERS OFFICE: BOX 618, ALTON, ILLINOIS 62002
(618) 462-5415
We will work with Paul Laxalt to assure that the salute to
our First Lady will be an elegant and memorable event, and
conform to your wishes in every way. Please say you will be
with us for what will be an evening to remember. This event
will give some of your most dedicated and hard-working friends
the high honor of thanking you for giving us inspired leadership.
With cordial good wishes,
Hayllin Faithfully, Phyllis Schlafly Scheaply
"They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles;
they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk. and not faint." Isaiah 40:31
PAUL LAXALT
UNITED STATES SENATE
June 25,1981
Dear Naney -
FOR a number of
Reasons I Mink nic
woul d be a "tem c trike."
it in!
Hope you Fame can WORK
Copy to: Mrs. Phylvis Schlafly
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
August 3, 1981
MEMORANDUM FOR:
LYN NOFZIGER
FROM:
NINA WORMSER NOW
RE:
Invitation to the First Lady from
Phyllis Schlafly
Attached please find an invitation from Phyllis Schlafly
to Mrs. Reagan.
I
My inclination has been to regret because of the reaction
an acceptance might cause amongst the moderate and liberal
members of the Republican party.
Would you please give the invitation your expert evaluation
and let me know how you feel we should handle it?
Thanks very much.
1 disagre. Why should we
duck The & liberals never helped have until
president's long-tame supporters. nominate
The moderates w they all apposed rur Computime
RR; nominated fact Pets help
friends he was now & then fv
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
September 9, 1981
TO:
Elizabeth H. Dole
FROM: Morton C. Blackwell MB
RE:
Phyllis Schlafly dinner for Mrs. Reagan
I have had returned to me my memo to you, attached, regarding
Phyllis Schlafly's banquet.
First, let me thank you for your very supportive note to Mike
Deaver.
Unfortunately, as the memo to Gregg Newell from Mike Deaver shows,
Mr. Deaver instructed the invitation be turned down.
Mr. Deaver thus retains a perfect record of declining all the
proposals we have endorsed for First Family involvement with
meetings with the President's conservative movement supporters.
I am not discouraged and intend to continue to propose appropriate
meetings. But I think it is in the best interests of the President
and your office for some attention to be paid to the pattern which
has developed.
The impression is growing that the White House position is that
the leaders of the conservative movement cannot have access to
the President.
The Pro-Family meeting was nixed repeatedly. The proposed
involvement of conservative religious leaders with the President
in discussions relating to volunteerism was nixed, and now this
banquet which was strongly endorsed by Senator Laxalt, Lyn Nofziger
and you has also been vetoed.
MEMORANDUM
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 28, 1981
TO:
Elizabeth H. Dole
FROM:
Morton C. Blackwell
RE:
Testimonial Dinner in honor of Nancy Reagan
This dinner is planned for October 2 in the main ballroom of
the Capitol Hilton Hotel. It will be limited by invitation
only to members of the Eagle Forum, all of whom have been long
time ardent supporters of Ronald Reagan.
Senator Paul Laxalt has been invited and has graciously agreed
to give the principal testimonial.
Other speakers and Members of Congress have not been invited
primarily because Mrs. Schlafly feels that suggestions should
come from Mrs. Reagan and her staff. Mrs. Schlafly wants this
to be an exciting, warm, friendly and elegant affair with a
mix of different people. She feels that it is important that
Mrs. Reagan be comfortable with the speakers who will be paying
tribute to her.
I have been to many other functions organized by Phyllis Schlafly.
She does such things very well.
This event is particularly important because this constituency
was stung by the O'Connor nomination. They basically support
the President; this will go a long way toward mending the fences
with them. Attached is a copy of Mrs. Schlafly's July newsletter
which is a beautifully done and forceful call for support of
"Reaganomics", highlighting the President's tax plan.
Eagle Forum
Leading the pro-family movement since 1972
President: Phyllis Schlaflý
WASHINGTON OFFICE 316 PENNSYLVANIA AVE., S.E., SUITE 203. WASHINGTON D.C. 20003
(202) 544-0353
HEADQUARTERS OFFICE BOX 618, ALTON. ILLINOIS 62002
(618) 462-5415
June 24, 1981
Mrs. Ronald Reagan
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mrs. Reagan:
We are SO fortunate that, for the first time in many years,
we have a First Lady we can all admire and respect, and one
who makes us so proud to be Americans.
The ladies of Eagle Forum would like to honor you at a
Testimonial Dinner in Washington, D.C. this fall, which would
be attended by a national audience of women leaders and
dignitaries. Senator Paul Laxalt has graciously agreed to
give the principal testimonial to you on that occasion, and we
sincerely hope it will be possible for you to accept.
Your Testimonial Dinner would be attended by some 400
women leaders from all fifty states -- the faithful ones who
have worked tirelessly and for many years for Ronald Reagan
and for other conservative causes. This is a very special
group (as Paul Laxalt will tell you) of women who were abso-
lutely thrilled with the Reagan victory last November. Other
attendees would include Members of Congress, members of the
Administration, celebrities, and some of your close friends.
This national salute to our First Lady would be the high-
light of the Tenth Annual Conference of Eagle Forum, the orig-
inal and leading pro-family organization in the country. These
are women who have led and won many important political battles --
and all of them worked long and hard during 1980 for Ronald
Reagan's election. We usually hold our annual conference in
St. Louis, and many of our mutual friends (including Paul Laxalt,
Jesse Helms, and Jake Garn) have been the featured speakers
in previous years.
This year we moved our conference to Washington so that we
can have the Testimonial for you at a convenient location only
a few blocks from the White House. We are holding the Ballroom
at the Capitol Hilton Hotel for Friday evening, October ninth,
but if that is not a convenient date, we will be glad to change
to another one.
"They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles;
Eagle Forum
Leading the pro-family movement since 1972
President: Phyllis Schlafly
WASHINGTON OFFICE: 316 PENNSYLVANIA AVE. S.E.. SUITE 203. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20003 (202) 544-0353
HEADQUARTERS OFFICE: BOX 618, ALTON, ILLINOIS 62002 (618) 462-5415
We will work with Paul Laxalt to assure that the salute to
our First Lady will be an elegant and memorable event, and
conform to your wishes in every way. Please say you will be
with us for what will be an evening to remember. This event
will give some of your most dedicated and hard-working friends
the high honor of thanking you for giving us inspired leadership.
With cordial good wishes,
Phyllis Faithfully, Schlafly Scheaply
They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength: they shall mount up with wings as eagles;
The
Phyllis Schlafly Report
VOL. 14, NO. 12, SECTION 1
BOX 618, ALTON, ILLINOIS 62002
JULY, 1981
The Rightness of Reaganomics
Almost every American President has suffered a
of the past, to the new conservative economics of the
loss of his own party's strength in Congress in the
future.
mid-term elections. The exception was Franklin D.
The structure and rates of the current Federal in-
Roosevelt elected in 1932; the Democrats increased
come tax are the primary reason for the sluggish capital
their majorities in the Congressional elections of 1934.
formation in the United States, which in turn restricts
F.D.R. was able to keep his 1932 political momentum
economic growth. High marginal tax rates discourage
going and bring about a massive change in American
savings because they grab much income which would
political, economic and social trends.
otherwise go into savings. To discourage savings
The question is, can Ronald Reagan do likewise?
means to discourage capital formation, which in turn
Was the 1980 election a freak of timing, or is it the start
means to discourage the creation of jobs.
of a new conservative era? Will conservative strength
The close relationship between savings and
gain or fade in the 1982 elections? That question will
growth is reflected in the experience of other countries.
be answered by the economy in general and by tax cuts
Our big competitor, Japan, has a savings rate which is
in particular.
4.4 times that of the United States, and a real Gross
Ronald Reagan was elected with a mandate to cut
National Product growth rate which is more than ten
taxes 10 percent a year for each of three years in order
times that of ours.
to stimulate the private enterprise economy and drasti-
cally cut the size of the Federal Government. Reagan's
The United States also suffers by comparison with
campaign promise was to enact Kemp-Roth tax cuts
the savings and growth rates of Germany, France and
based on what is called "supply-side" economics. Sim-
Canada, although they are not as high as Japan's. These
ply put, that means: let incentives stimulate the
unhappy comparisons are despite the fact that we are
economy, resulting in investment, capital formation,
about 60 percent self sufficient in oil, whereas Japan,
and creation of private-sector jobs. It means the fulfill-
Germany and France are almost totally dependent on
ment of Reagan's promise to "get America back to work
oil imports.
again."
Even though Congress has taken credit for voting a
The Democrats in Congress have already forced
number of "tax cuts" since 1965, these have not been
Reagan to compromise his hope for a 30 percent tax cut
enough to cover the increases in real taxes caused by
(10 percent for each of three years) down to 25 percent
inflation. We have suffered a striking net increase in
over three years. Does that still sound like a big tax cut?
taxes due to tax bracket creep, the popular term for the
It isn't really. The legacy of Jimmy Carter is that, even
effect of inflation in raising the rates on individual
if Congress took no action at all, taxes would rise at
taxpayers by pushing them into higher tax brackets.
about $100 billion a year (from inflation bracket creep,
windfall profits, and Social Security taxes).
Look at how the jaws of the progressive income tax
In the famous Reagan-Carter debate, Reagan asked
joined with inflation bit into and crushed the indi-
Americans, Are you better off today than you were four
vidual who had a $10,000 income in 1965. Between
years ago? The American voters answered NO to that
1965 and 1979, his taxes were supposedly reduced
question. The best way to fulfill Reagan's election
$520 by legislative tax cuts, but actually inflation alone
mandate is to reduce the income tax. We've suffered
increased his taxes by $2,185. At the $40,000 income
long enough at the hands of the Keynesian borrow-
level, Congress supposedly reduced taxes $1,449, but
and-spend, deficit-and-inflation economists. It's time
inflation actually increased the individual's taxes by
to give the reins to "supply-side" economists.
$18,999. It is obvious that inflation makes windfall pro-
fits for the government.
Tax Cuts Essential Now
Inflation has made the progressive tax system be-
come progressively more progressive even over the last
Although the Reagan budget cuts are essential to
five years. In 1973, one fifth of the taxpayers were
his economic program, the Reagan tax cuts are the heart
paying 63.7 percent of federal income taxes. By 1978,
of it. The tax cuts represent the innovative change, the
one fifth of the taxpayers were paying 66.6 percent of
real turning of the corner from the old, tired liberalism
the federal tax burden.
"Supply-Side" Means Incentives
or extra income (i.e., rich people) to invest in busines-
ses in a way that creates more jobs (called capital for-
mation).
Reagan's "supply-side" economics should be cal-
Incentive economics is the wave of the future
led "incentive" economics, because that's what it re-
which is destined to wash into oblivion the destructive
ally means. Incentive is a word that any child can
economics of Lord Keynes which preached deficit
understand and relate to.
spending and produced the politics of cynicism: tax
Incentive is a motivator that affects all people
and tax, spend and spend, elect and elect. The far-
without discrimination. It moves rich and poor, black
sighted "supply-siders" who have developed incentive
and white, male and female. Just as financial incentives
economics include Paul Craig Roberts, Norman B.
may motivate a poor person to remain on welfare rather
Ture, Arthur B. Laffer, George Gilder, Jack Kemp and
than take a low-paying job, financial incentives may
William Roth.
motivate a rich person to relax and enjoy life rather
than invest in a new enterprise.
Unfortunately, liberal economics and our present
Block Grants Vs. Categorical Grants
tax structure provide powerful incentives to idleness.
When the poor person chooses idleness instead of
President Ronald Reagan's most far-reaching
work, society loses only the small amount of taxes he
proposal is his plan to convert some "categorical"
would otherwise pay (plus the cost of supporting him
grants into "block" grants. The Reagan plan is imagina-
on welfare). However, when the rich man chooses
tive, constructive, and would be a giant step forward for
idleness over work, society loses not only the large
every economic, social, and political goal so devoutly
amount of taxes he would otherwise pay, but loses
sought by Reagan and by his enthusiastic followers.
something far more valuable -- new jobs for other
The spectacular growth of Federal spending and
people.
regulatory power over the last decade has spawned a
The rich man, by definition, has more income than
steady and increasing flow of tax dollars to a big variety
he needs to pay for the groceries and to meet the
of special-interest groups. These are called "categori-
mortgage payments. When he makes more money than
cal" grants; they go to particular categories of concerns,
he can spend on himself and his family, he normally
designated and regulated by Federal officials.
invests this excess income in other enterprises; and
The Reagan Administration proposes to take some
that's what creates new businesses, plant expansion,
83 of these categorical grants, divide them into six
and more jobs.
"blocks" which are designated for broad areas of pur-
Our present tax structure provides incentives to
pose, cut overall funding by 25 percent, and then turn
the rich to quit working, quit producing, quit investing;
the money over to the states to spend among the 83
in other words, to become the "idle" rich instead of the
categories.
productive rich. If the rich man is in the 60% tax brac-
Just because funding for these programs would be
ket, for every additional dollar he earns, the tax collec-
cut 25 percent does not mean that there will be a 25
tor gets 60c and he gets only 40c. Since he doesn't
percent cut in services. The cost of unnecessary regula-
really need the money anyway, he decides that leisure
tions, bureaucratic red tape, and Federal overhead is
is more appealing than extra work or risky investments.
probably at least 25 percent.
Incentive economics focuses on the marginal tax
The block grant proposal is an historic opportunity
rates, that is, the tax rate applying to the next dollar of
to do exactly what the voters elected Ronald Reagan to
income you receive. That's the point at which incen-
do: cut Federal spending, slash excessive Federal reg-
tives or disincentives encourage you to earn more or to
ulations, and return power, funds, and decision-making
remain idle. Tax cuts provide incentives to the rich to
to the states. We would get better value for our tax
withdraw from tax shelters, reject leisure, work over-
dollars because the states would exert closer supervi-
time, forgo consumption, sell gold, buy stocks, start a
sion over smaller amounts of money.
business, and risk their savings in order to earn more.
The Congressional debate on block grants has
Now suppose we cut the tax rates so the rich man
helped to educate the voters about the variety of
can keep 60c from every additional dollar he earns,
special-interest programs on which our tax dollars have
while paying the tax collector only 40c. All of a sudden,
been spent. No wonder taxes on Middle Americans are
his leisure time costs him 50 percent more. The tax cut
so oppressive! Here are the proposed block grants:
has given him an incentive to work harder and to invest
1. The Social Service Block Grant would receive
more.
$3.8 billion. This grant covers funding for Day Care,
It matters a great deal whether the rich remain idle
Child Abuse and Prevention, Adoption Assistance,
or go to work because, when the rich work overtime or
Development Disabilities, Runaway and Homeless
invest in productive enterprises, they pay taxes -- lots
Youth, Community Services Administration, Rehabili-
of taxes. Rich people make more money for themselves,
tation Services, and the Legal Services Corporation.
yet they pay a larger share of the national tax burden.
2. The Energy and Emergency Assistance Grant
Cutting the marginal tax rates will make the rich pay
would receive $1.4 billion. This would cover programs
more taxes.
of Home Energy Costs, Low-Cost Weatherization,
More important, their investments create more
Emergency Medical Care, and Emergency Social Ser-
jobs, so more people move into the productive part of
vices.
the economy. That means a healthier economy, more
3. The Health Services Block Grant would be
tax revenues, and less inflation because the nation
funded at $1.1 billion. This block covers 15 categorical
moves closer to a balanced budget.
grants including Community Health Centers, Black
A productive economy depends on people working
Lung Clinics, Migrant Health, Home Health Services,
in jobs. If there are not enough jobs for the people who
Maternal and Child Health, Hemophelia, Sudden In-
want to work (as now), what we need more than any-
fant Death, Mental Health Services, Drug Abuse, and
thing else is incentives to induce people with savings
Alcoholism.
4. The Preventive Health Service Block Grant
If the Reagan economic program has a hard time
would be funded at $242 million. This block would
getting through Congress, it will be because the
include High Blood Pressure Control, Health Incen-
American taxpaying public was outspent and out-
'ive, Risk Reduction and Health Education, Venereal
maneuvered by Federal lobbyists using our tax dollars
isease, Fluoridation, Rat Control, Lead-Based Paint
against us.
Poisoning Prevention, Genetic Disease, Family Plan-
ning Services, and Adolescent Health Services.
5. The Local Education Agency Block Grant would
Reagan's Regulatory Relief
be funded with $3.6 billion. This block would include
Elementary and Secondary Education Grants, plus
Regulatory relief for every segment of the
grants for the Handicapped, Preschool Incentive, Adult
economy is an essential part of Ronald Reagan's
Education, Bilingual Education, Basic Skills, and
economic program. Under the capable command of
Emergency School Aid.
Murray L. Weidenbaum, chairman of the President's
6. A second block grant of nearly $1 billion for
Council of Economic Advisers, the Reagan Administra-
education programs would give lesser amounts under
tion did 104 acts of deregulation in its first four months.
the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, plus
The number of final rules published in the Federal
grants to Severely Handicapped Projects, Regional Re-
Register dropped by 47%. The number of proposed
sources Centers, Early Childhood Education, Gifted
rules dropped by 54%. The number of published pages
and Talented, Educational Television, Basic Skills Im-
dropped by 60%.
provement, Arts in Education, Metric Education, Pre-
Weidenbaum's goal is to reverse the intrusion of
College Science Teacher Training, Career Education
the Federal Government into the lives of citizens, into
Incentives, Consumer Education, and Women's Edu-
the decisions of businessmen, and into the choices
cational Equity. (This last has been receiving an annual
faced by tens of thousands of state and local govern-
budget of $10 million.)
ment officials and administrators. He doesn't think that
workers, managers, investors or administrators need
the Federal Government to make decisions for them on
Lobbying Against Reagan's Program
how to organize and run their daily lives and activities.
All the special interests are lobbying hard to keep
Look at the embattled auto industry. The liberal
funds flowing from Washington directly into their
formula is to hamstring it with costly regulations (a
treasuries without the prying eyes of state and local
burden that Japanese manufacturers don't have to
officials and citizens. We would all be better off --
bear), raise taxes, and give a federal subsidy or loan.
socially, politically, and financially -- if we reassert
The Reagan-Weidenbaum way is to rescind 34 specific
state and local supervision. Here is one example of
regulations which, over a five-year period, will save the
ax-funded lobbying against the Reagan program.
American motorist $9.3 billion in the cost of buying and
The Federal agency called ACTION gave Federal
operating cars and trucks.
tax funds to a "recipient organization" called the Insti-
This will also release $1.3 billion in company
tute for the Study of Civic Values. In March 1981, the
funds which can now go into capital improvement
Institute published a survey quiz for the stated purpose
rather than down the drain of federally-mandated
of helping citizens "assess the impact of President
equipment, facilities, and compliance paperwork.
Reagan's Economic Recovery Program on their own
The regulations being lifted or lightened range
communities or cities." Here is how this ACTION-
from rules on bumper strength to exhaust emissions
funded document explains its unique methodology:
standards and certification procedures. The Administ-
"The Cruelty Index is a measure of the hardship
ration will also propose that Congress amend the Clear
imposed upon a community or city by Ronald Reagan's
Air Act by eliminating the requirement that all pas-
proposed budget cuts in 1982. The Greed Index is a
senger cars meet 1984 emissions standards at higher
measure of the benefits that the taxpayers -- primarily
altitudes.
wealthy taxpayers will receive under the President's
Here is one example of how a simple change in an
Tax Reduction plan in 1982."
auto regulation will reduce costs greatly, allow con-
In case you didn't get the full import of the adroit
sumers a wider range of choice, but have no adverse
choice of words "cruelty" and "greed", the document
effect on clear air. The Reagan EPA will allow auto
then purports to explain in more detail that the Reagan
manufacturers to meet diesel exhaust emissions stan-
tax cuts would benefit the wealthy (called the
dards by using sales-weighted averages of the results
"greedy"), and that the Reagan budget cuts would hurt
from all their different model lines. Some can emit
the poor ("cruelly") by cutting their public services.
more pollution, some less, but the total of a manufac-
In order to spell this out in gruesome detail for
turer's emissions will be within the clean air standards.
those who cannot comprehend the concept of billions
The Reagan Administration has requested the
of dollars, the ACTION-funded quiz devised a point
D.C. Court of Appeals to remand to the Environmental
system to make its smear use of "cruelty" and "greed"
Protection Agency for reconsideration a rule EPA pre-
more graphic. Each city and community is supposed to
viously issued which set noise emissions standards for
undertake its own analysis of the local impact of the
garbage trucks. The costs, although not great by federal
Reagan program by assigning one point to every $10
standards, are high in relation to the benefits sought.
million. For example, New York City was given a
More important, the Federal Government has no
Cruelty Index of 53, Philadephia a Cruelty Index of 20.
business being a busybody in the matter of garbage
In opening its investigation of this use of Federal
collection, which is a strictly local matter. If noise is a
funds, the General Accounting Office stated, "It is ap-
problem, municipalities could solve it better by alter-
parently a political document intended for wide dis-
ing truck routes to accommodate residential neighbor-
tribution and would be useful in advocacy or lobbying
hoods, rather than buying expensive sound-proof
campaigns." Indeed, it is.
trucks to comply with EPA regulations.
The Reagan Administration withdrew the De-
circumstances: a homogeneous population, rich natural
partment of Energy's proposed standards for the
resources, and 150 years of avoidance of war.
minimum energy efficiency of major household
With the government now consuming 64 percent
appliances, such as refrigerators and air conditioners.
of the Gross National Product, a typical Swedish in-
These unnecessary standards would have required the
dustrial worker pays 50 to 60 percent of his wages ii
complete redesign of almost every appliance model by
taxes, plus an additional 22.5 percent in value-added
1986. Appliance purchase prices would increase by
tax (VAT), a form of sales tax on all goods and services
$500 million a year, a cost that would never be re-
including food.
couped in saved energy costs, and which would ban-
The United States may be rushing headlong down
krupt the smaller manufacturers that couldn't afford
the same dead-end road. High taxes to make costly
such rapid model changes.
incentive-destroying, non-productive handouts have
The Secretary of Education withdrew proposed
resulted in double-digit inflation, double-digit interest
rules that would have required all school systems to
rates, high unemployment, and low savings and in-
offer a particular form of bilingual instruction to chil-
vestment. Despite the proven success of the American
dren whose primary language is other than English.
economic experiment, Americans appear to lack under-
The cost saving will be substantial and the lifting of
standing of and commitment to the system that pro-
this Federal harassment of local school curriculum is
duced our prosperity.
welcome.
The uniqueness of our economic system has been
The Department of Transportation delayed four
its high level of capital formation -- the investment in
regulations which would have imposed costly re-
plant and equipment which creates jobs, enables
quirements on state and local governments, dictating
worker-plus-machine to produce more per manhour
how they conduct urban transportation planning, de-
and thereby be paid higher wages. That's why it is
sign traffic control devices, and rehabilitate or
accurate to call our system "capitalism."
stockpile buses.
However, in the 1980s the word "capitalism" in-
The Federal regulatory burden has simply risen
herits the semantic baggage of decades of leftwing
way out of all reason. Between 1970 and 1981, Federal
smears. The word "capitalism" looks at the system
spending for regulatory activities alone rose from $0.9
through the eyes of the saver-investor-owner whom the
billion to $7.1 billion. In constant dollars, that was an
worker-student-journalist-academician types have
increase of 3½ times. The Reagan Administration is
been taught to believe is the enemy. We need a new
moving on schedule to try to stimulate a more produc-
name to sell the successful American system. We need
tive economy.
a name to which all participants in the economic pro-
cess can relate personally.
The Productivity State
I suggest we call our unique American economic
system "The Productivity State." Productivity is 2
"good" word; whether we are workers, bosses, or jour
"What's in a name?" Shakespeare asked. "That
nalists, we all understand that increased productivity
which we call a rose by any other name would smell as
(producing more per manhour of labor) brings a higher
sweet." But would it? American businesses spend mill-
financial reward. Therefore, all types can relate to the
ions of dollars to research and choose (or invent) a
goal: let's increase our productivity so we can labor less
name before marketing a product. Publishers know that
and enjoy it more.
a book's title often makes or breaks its sale.
The United States over the last decade has had the
The rather unique economic system under which
lowest employee productivity rate of any Western in-
America, from a little band of immigrants who landed
dustrial nation. The auto industry, which has priced
on our shores with only the clothes on their backs, grew
itself out of the world market, is only the most dramatic
into far-and-away the most prosperous and productive
proof of our nationwide malaise.
nation in the world is the greatest success story in
Restoring our world leadership in productivity will
history. But the people who enjoy its fruits don't seem
require many things, starting with Federal budget cuts,
to have much respect for the tree or know how to keep
which in turn will allow tax cuts, which in turn will
it producing.
allow increases in savings and investment, which in
The reason may be that the tree suffers from the
turn will cause more capital formation, which in turn
handicap of not having a winning name. "Capitalism"
will create more jobs and more productive jobs.
(mistakenly, I believe) connotes big business to which
Calling the American economic system "The Pro-
most Americans do not relate with affection. "Free
ductivity State" will give us a vision of a more prosper-
enterprise" and "private enterprise" have a hard time
ous future in which all individuals and groups have a
competing semantically and sentimentally with "the
vital stake, can work toward, and can taste their re-
welfare state" or "the social welfare state," probably
wards. "The Productivity State" can dispose of the
because more people relate to "welfare" than to "en-
semantic problem so we can get on with more prosper-
terprise."
Yet the proven failure of the social welfare state
ity for more workers.
and of socialism is just as dramatic as the success of
capitalism/free enterprise. From Europe to Africa to
the Caribbean to Asia, socialism is shown to be a con-
The Phyllis Schlafly Report
genitally diseased system which produces perennial
Box 618, Alton, Illinois 62002
shortages, food lines, black markets, political prisons,
ISSN0556-0152
and people voting with their feet to escape to a
Published monthly by The Eagle Trust Fund, Box 618, Altor
Illinois 62002.
capitalist country.
Even Sweden, long touted as the Perfect Experi-
Second Class Postage Paid at Alton, Illinois.
Subscription Price: $10 per year. Extra copies available: 25 cents
ment in democratic welfare statism, provides convinc-
each; 6 copies $1; 50 copies $5; 100 copies $8.
ing evidence of its failure under the most advantageous
file
The Report
AMERICANS
REAGAN AGENDA
Washington, D.C.
Volume 2
Communist Aggression in Central America
Threatens All the Americas
Communist agression threatens the future of
security-control of the Caribbean and of the
the unrelenting guerilla attacks on the eco-
democracy in Central America and endangers
Panama Canal. Annually, forty-four percent
nomic base and infrastructure of Central
the security of the Western Hemisphere. Even
of all the crude oil to the United States passes
America. Seventy-seven cents of every dollar
while they are fighting, today's communist
through the Caribbean. In the event of hostil-
we send as aid to the region goes for eco-
revolutionaries are planning for tomorrow's
ities in Europe or the Middle East, half of
nomic, not military purposes. Third, America
communist dictatorships. Buoyed by success
NATO's supplies would travel by sea from
will provide training and materials to help
in Nicaragua, marxist terrorists have prior-
Gulf ports to the Mediterranean. The lives of
repel communist agression. Fourth, America
itized their objectives: first El Salvador, then
220,000 American servicemen and women
will support dialogue and negotiations that
Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica.
directly depend on our ability to provide rein-
result in societies that compete with ballots
Communist terrorists operating in Central
forcements and supplies. The security of our
and not bullets.
America receive direct military aid-equip-
maritime operations in the Caribbean is
President Reagan needs our help to make
ment and personnel-from the Soviet Union,
critical to the Atlantic Alliance.
America's plan work. Despite welcomed, bi-
Cuba, other Communist Bloc countries, the
Palistine Liberation Organization (PLO), and
Libya. Faced by an irresolute Congress, Presi-
The national security of all the Americas is at stake
dent Reagan stands alone in proposing the
in Central America
Who among us would wish to bear
necessary aid to prevent the bloodshed of an
Afghanistan, a Cambodia, or a Lebanon in
responsibility for failing to meet our shared obligation?
America's backyard.
- President Ronald Reagan -
At home, the indecisiveness of liberal politi-
cians weakens America and leaves in tatters
the once-proud policy of the Monroe Doctrine
President Reagan has warned that control of
partisan support from Congressional leaders,
which opposed the establishment of hostile
Central America by a "Soviet-Cuban-
the President continues to face resistance
foreign forces on American shores. In Con-
Nicaraguan axis" could result in "a tidal
from liberal naysayers. Such liberals are the
gress, the foreign affairs and appropriations
wave of refugees
swarming into our coun-
first to oppose responsible plans but will be
committees chip away at the full measure of
try seeking a safe haven from communist
the last to be found if that tragic day of
military aid needed by our allies. In a scene
repression to our south."
reckoning arrives because we failed to thwart
tragically reminiscent of Congressional isola-
President Reagan has proposed a four-part,
communist agression near our borders. Call
tionism before World War II, Congress waits
bipartisan plan of action for Central America
and write your Representative and Senators.
while communist terrorism spreads among
that protects America's security. First,
Tell them that you support President Reagan's
our Latin American neighbors.
America will support democracy, reform and
efforts to eliminate communist agression and
Soviet aid to Cuba, and Communist Bloc aid
human freedom and use its influence to
support democracy for the suffering people of
to Nicaragua and to guerillas in neighboring
achieve these objectives. Second, America
Central America.
countries, is aimed at the heart of American
will support economic aid to compensate for
%
3.0
76,700
Relative Military Strength
Editor's Note
2.5
232,100
Percentage of Population
in Armed Forces*
This issue of The ARA Report focuses on
the spread of Communist aggression in
2.0
Central America. According to recent polls,
Americans are confused-with only forty-
1.5
nine percent being familiar with U.S. policy
in the area and, of those, over one-half
incorrectly believing that the U.S. is either
1.0
neutral towards or supports the Sandinista
regime in Nicaragua. Sorting out the
25,000
various actors and actions can be difficult
0.5
30,150
16,000
7,000
and it is hoped that this issue of The ARA
Report will help in this important task.
Cuba
Nicaragua
Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Costa Rica
G.V.B.
Excludes Reserves, Youth Labor and Territorial Civil Defense Committees.
Importance Reasan Speaks President Reaggan Spel the
April session of Congress,
Central America's problems do directly affect the
Must we sit by while independent nations of this hemi-
security and the well-being of our own people. And Central
sphere are integrated into the most aggressive empire the
America is much closer to the United States than many of
modern world has seen?
the world trouble spots that concern us.
El Salvador is nearer to Texas than Texas is to Massachu-
Must we wait while Central Americans are driven from
setts. Nicaragua is just as close to Miami, San Antonio, San
their homes like the more than 4 million who have sought
Diego, and Tucson as those cities are to Washington
But
refuge out of Afghanistan or the 1.5 million who have fled In-
nearness on the map doesn't even begin to tell the strategic
dochina or the more than 1 million Cubans who have fled
importance of Central America, bordering as it does on the
Castro's Caribbean utopia? Must we, by default, leave the
Caribbean-our lifeline to the outside world. Two-thirds of all
people of El Salvador no choice but to flee their homes,
our foreign trade and petroleum pass through the Panama
creating another tragic human exodus?
Canal and the Caribbean. In a European crisis, at least half
I do not believe there is a majority in the Congress or the
of our supplies for NATO would go through these areas by
country that counsels passivity, resignation, defeatism in the
sea. It's well to remember that in early 1942 a handful of
face of this challenge to freedom and security in our hemi-
Hitler's submarines sank more tonnage there than in all of
sphere.
the Atlantic Ocean. And they did this without a single naval
I do not believe that a majority of the Congress or the
base anywhere in the area.
country is prepared to stand by passively while the people of
Today, the situation is different. Cuba is host to a Soviet
Central America are delivered to totalitarianism, and we
combat brigade, a submarine base capable of servicing
ourselves are left vulnerable to new dangers.
Soviet submarines, and military air bases visited regularly
Only last week an official of the Soviet Union reiterated
by Soviet military aircraft.
Brezhnev's threat to station nuclear missiles in this hemi-
sphere-5 minutes from the United States. Like an echo,
If the Nazis during World War II and the Soviets today
Nicaragua's comandante, Daniel Ortega, confirmed that, if
could recognize the Caribbean and Central America as vital
asked, his country would consider accepting those missles.
to our interests, shouldn't we also?
If Central America were to fall, what would the conse-
President Truman's words are as apt today as they were
quences be for our position in Asia, Europe, and for alliances
in 1947
such as NATO? If the United States cannot respond to a
I believe that it must be the policy of the United
threat near our own borders, why should Europeans or
States to support free peoples who are resisting
Asians believe that we are seriously concerned about threats
attempted subjugation by armed minorities or
to them? If the Soviets can assume that nothing short of an
by outside pressures.
actual attack on the United States will provoke an American
response, which ally, which friend will trust us then?
I believe that we must assist free peoples to
work out their own destinies in their own way.
The national security of all the Americas is at stake in
Central America. If we cannot defend ourselves there, we
The countries of Central America are smaller than the
cannot expect to prevail elsewhere. Our credibility would
nations that prompted President Truman's message. But the
collapse, our alliances would crumble, and the safety of our
political and strategic stakes are the same. Will our
homeland would be put at jeopardy.
response-economic, social, military-be as appropriate and
We have a vital interest, a moral duty, and a solemn
successful as Mr. Truman's bold solutions to the problems of
responsibility. This is not a partisan issue. It is a question of
postwar Europe?
our meeting our moral responsibility to ourselves, our
friends, and our posterity. It is a duty that falls on all of us-
Are democracies required to remain passive while threats
the President, the Congress, and the people. We must per-
to their security and prosperity accumulate?
form it together. Who among us would wish to bear respon-
Must we just accept the destabilization of an entire region
sibility for failing to meet our shared obligation?
from the Panama Canal to Mexico on our southern border?
The Communist Aggressors..
- Spreading Terrorism Worldwide
Fidel Castro has sent 36,000 troops to fight
the Point Salinas airfield in Grenada.
wars in Africa. Since 1981, Castro has stationed
Grenada's Minister of Defense has said that it
Cuban Forces Abroad
14,000 troops in Ethiopia aimed at the over-
may be used by the Soviet Union and by Cuba
throw of the Somalian government. For the
to supply troops in Angola.
last eight years, Castro has stationed 20,000
In each target country Castro's strategy
combat troops in Angola. For his military help
is to:
Nicaragua
to Angola, Castro receives $300 million per
Unify the left
2,000
year in oil. Fidel Castro sells terrorism
Create a "broad coalition" that includes
Angola
worldwide at wholesale prices.
democratic elements but is led by the left
20,000
Ethiopia
Castro, backed by increased Soviet aid, is
Use this coalition and propaganda cam-
14,000
also successfully spreading terrorism
paigns to obtain Western economic aid
throughout the Western Hemisphere.
Strengthen the left with military aid, cripple
Castro's ally is Nicaragua where Cuba has
democratic forces, and destabilize neigh-
2,000 military advisors plus 5,000 to 6,000
boring countries.
civilian advisors. By broadening its land
This plan has been successfully imple-
forces in Central America and gaining new sea
mented in Nicaragua, Grenada and the South
S. Yemen
Congo
Mozambique
Other Africa
and air bases in the Caribbean, Cuba
American nation of Surinam. According to
800
750
750
500
threatens the northern tier of South American
Castro's plan, El Salvador and Guatemala
Grenada
300
nations and more of Africa. One such base is
will be next.
The Revolution Without
Nicaragua's Sandinista Communists
would not be held until 1985, and that these
modeled their revolution after Fidel Castro's
Principal Kinds of
could only rubber-stamp existing policies.
Communist Aid to Nicaragua From:
seizure of power in Cuba. And, they intend to
Recently, one of the ruling Directorate said
continue their communistic crusade beyond
that these elections would not occur.
Nicaragua's borders. The Sandinistas were,
Repression by the Sandinistas has been
originally, only one of several factions in
especially tragic for the Miskito, Sumo and
Cuba:
2,000 Military Advisors
Nicaragua opposed to the former dictator
Rama Indians of Nicaragua. Resistance to
4,000 Civilian Advisors
Anastasio Somoza. They achieved their
forced relocation has meant death and
Soviet Union:
50 Tanks
present, singular prominance by keeping
destruction as the Sandinistas have burnt
100 Anti-Aircraft Guns
their democratic allies busy in formal govern-
more than 40 Indian villages. 15,000 Indians
plus Surface-to-Air
mental bodies while terrorists gained control
have taken refuge in Honduras.
Missiles
of the army and the secret police. By deceiving
Advised and supplied by Cuba and the
152 Howitzers
their own people and the West with promises
Soviet Bloc, Nicaragua directs terrorist activ-
HIP Helicopters
of democratic reforms, the Sandinistas gained
ities and provides arms and training to
popular support and millions of dollars in
guerillas operating in El Salvador, Guatemala,
East Germany:
1,000 Trucks
Western aid.
Honduras, and Costa Rica. With access to,
Bulgaria:
Training 70 Jet Pilots
Shortly after Somoza's exodus, systematic
and often sympathy from, the media in the
repression of democratic political parties,
United States and other free countries,
In addition, advisors and arms are being supplied
trade unions, the church and the media was
Nicaraguan officials try to cover the true
by the Soviet Bloc, North Korea, Libya, Vietnam
and the P.L.O.
initiated. Repression continues today. Though
meaning of their brutal revolution revolu-
the Sandinistas promised free elections, in
tion without frontiers.
August, 1980, they announced that elections
The Soviet Union - Extending Its Reach
The Soviet Union has generously rewarded
assault ships, and the modern TURYA hydro-
Cuba for supporting its worldwide totalitarian
foil torpedo boat which has only been exported
Increasing Soviet Military
Deliveries to Cuba
objectives. In addition to four billion dollars in
to Cuba. Cuba supports a massive Soviet intelli-
(Thousand Metric Tons)
66
68
annual economic aid, the Kremlin has sup-
gence collection center and lies amid sea lanes
plied Cuba with over three billion dollars in
vital for communication and transportation.
military hardware since the early 1960's. In
Soviet inspired activities in Central America
the last two years 134,000 tons of Soviet arms
clearly signal their intent to challenge the
have been delivered to Cuban ports. The
United States on American turf. By increasing
amount of Soviet arms assistance to Cuba is
its air and sea capabilities in the Caribbean, the
35
ten times larger than the United State's mili-
Soviet Union can hinder and prevent the effec-
tary assistance to all of South America.
tive resupply of American troops in Europe.
25
The Soviet Union presently has an army
With massive Soviet and Communist Bloc aid
brigade of 3,000 men, 2,500 military advisors,
to the guerillas in Central America, the Kremlin
and 6,000 to 8,000 civilian advisors in Cuba.
can destabilize the region, install puppet
Soviet military advisors in Cuba outnumber
regimes, and continue its drive for global
U.S. military advisors in all of Latin America
domination. The threat is real. The Soviet
by twenty-five to one! Castro has received 200
Union has set its course for victory. If its efforts
1979
1980
1981
1982
MIG aircraft, 650 tanks, at least 90 heli-
go unchallenged in Central America who will
Military & Military-Associated Equipment (vehicles,
copters, a Koni class frigate, two amphibious
we have to blame?
field kitchens, uniforms, radios, spare parts)
and Their Targets of Opportunity
El Salvador - Embattled Yet Free
The Social Democrats and Communist-front
made 65,000 farm laborers into farm owners.
refused to participate in El Salvador's 1982
The government has committed itself to
Salvadoran Infrastructure Destroyed
elections. Instead, leftist guerillas resorted to
holding presidential elections, and a referen-
by Terrorists
bombing buses and trucks and attacking vil-
dum on the new constitution by March of next
lagers in an effort to forcibly keep the people
year. Though the government has offered am-
55 of the country's 260 bridges
from voting. In the elections, a convincing
nesty to guerillas, few will accept it.
112 water facilities
80% of the electorate voted for law and order,
Meanwhile, guerillas continue to destroy
peace and democracy.
bridges, transportation, utilities, factories and
5,000 interruptions in electrical power-
Democratic rule is beginning to work in a
farmland, pushing unemployment to 40%. In
eastern region blacked out for 1/3
. of 1981 and 1982
country that has suffered social inequities and
1982, the 4,000 to 6,000 Cuban and Nicar-
political corruption. The Salvadoran Govern-
aguan trained and supported guerillas suc-
249 attacks on the telephone system
ment is implementing agrarian reforms and
ceeded in killing 1,300 Salvadoran defense
200 buses in 1982
recently redistributed one-fifth of all arable
personnel and wounding an additional 12,500.
land. This "Land to the Tiller" program has
In 1983, El Salvador struggles to remain free.
The Next Target-Guatemala
Communist Dominoes
Guatemala, located on Mexico's southern
U.S. arms to Vietnam in the early 1970's.
border, has been declared the next target, fol-
Several vehicles captured in Guatemala City
lowing El Salvador, for communist takeover
showed custom markings from Nicaragua.
in Central America. The communist's bid for
Following Guatemala's 1982 elections,
revolution has begun with Fidel Castro in-
widespread suspicion of electoral fraud led to
creasing Cuban support in arms and training
a coup by the Junior Officers Corps. Govern-
CUBLA
to Guatemalan leftist guerillas. On February 9,
ing General Efrain Rios Mont has imple-
1982, a Guatemalan guerilla leader called a
mented an intensive counter-insurgency pro-
press conference in Havana to announce the
gram. The new government struggles for
unification of four leftist factions. Large
stability while Cuba and Nicaragua continue
caches of arms have been captured by Guate-
to arm leftist guerillas in hopes of installing a
malan security officials. Many of the captured
communist regime one country away from the
weapons have been traced to shipments of
United States.
Honduras A Corridor for Terrorism
January 27, 1982, marked the first legiti-
Honduras from becoming a corridor for
Communist Arms Routes
mate election of a Honduran leader in 18
terrorism.
Through Honduras
years. Over 81 percent-1.1 million people-
Honduras has allowed more than 30,000
voted in an extremely competitive campaign.
refugees from Nicaragua, El Salvador and
Dr. Roberto Suazo Cordova's inauguration
Guatemala to seek shelter within its borders
Guatemala
overwhelmingly displayed the Honduran
including 15,000 Miskito Indians. These refu-
Honduras
people's desire to establish democratic
gees offer the world dramatic proof of the mis-
government.
treatment that minority and opposition groups
Since the election, Honduras has renewed
receive under the Sandinistan, communist
efforts to stop the trespass of guerillas and the
dictatorship in Nicaragua. Democratic forces
El Salvador
shipment of arms through its territory by
from Nicaragua, many of whom opposed
Nicaraguan-backed terrorists to communist
Samoza, have joined the displaced in Hon-
Nicaragua
rebels in El Salvador. The United States and
duras. Jaded by the Sandinista's lies and
Seaborne Arms Route
Honduras agree on this policy of interdiction
repression, they are working to establish
Overland Arms Route
in order to prevent the infant democracy of
democracy in their homeland.
Airborne Arms Route
A Shining Example of Democracy — Costa Rica
Government Spending in Costa Rica
Costa Rica has enjoyed democracy for 35
continually provided weapons and training for
(1980-$1,210 million U.S. equivalent)
years. As a shining example to other Central
Costa Rican leftist guerillas. Costa Rican offi-
American nations, it boasts the highest stan-
cials have confiscated 13 vehicles used for
dard of living and social services in the region.
arms smuggling and more than 170 weapons
Health, Housing &
Community Services
Costa Rica's peaceful existence is defended by
including machine guns, TNT, handgrenades
24%
a tiny paramilitary force of only 7,000 men.
and launchers, ammunition and combat
This small democratic nation is threatened by
uniforms.
Economic
Education
Services
the continued increase in military arsenals of
The famous Nicaraguan military leader,
25%
18%
Cuba and Nicaragua.
Eden Pastora, known as "Commander Zero,"
Because the Costa Rican government has
has taken refuge in Costa Rica to do battle with
boldly opposed the use of its territory for the
his former Sandinistan comrades because of
Social Security
and Welfare
supply of weapons to the region's communist
the Sandinista's failure to bring about the
31%
Defense
guerillas, Cuba and Nicaragua have made
democratic reforms promised by Nicaragua's
2%
Costa Rica a target for subversion. They have
revolution.
Communist Expansion in Central America
Canada
United States
El Salvador and Guatemala will be next,
with Honduras to be used as a corridor for
the transit of guerrillas and arms.
Fidel Castro,
Plotting Strategy with
LeftistTerrorists,
in Havana, Cuba.
Mexico
Cuba
The Bahamas
Haiti
The Revolu-
Dominican Republic
tionary process of
Belize
Puerto Rico
Jamaica
Central America
Honduras
Guatemala
is a single process.
Nicaragua
Grenada
El Salvador
The triumph of one is the
Under Construction
Under Construction
triumph of the other
Costa Rica
Venezuela
Guyana
Guatemala will have its hour.
Panama
Suriname
French Guiana
Honduras its. Costa Rica, too,
Columbia
will have its hour of glory. The first note
was heard in Nicaragua.
Equador
Cayetano Carpio
Leader, Salvadoran Guerrillas
Peru
Brazil
Bolivia
Paraguay
Chile
Legend
Soviet Arms Clients
Argentina
Uraguay
New Cuban Backed Dictatorship
Cuban Supported Insurgencies
Soviet Block/Cuban Military
Personnel Abroad*
Soviet Naval Access
Soviet Airfield Access
*North Korean, Libyan, P.L.O. and Vietnamese also in Central America
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Houston Burnside, Jr., Al Cardenas, Honorable James M. Collins, Holly Coors, Jack L. Courtemanche, Howard H. Dana, Jr., Justin Dart, Honorable David Dreier,
Robert L. Emett, Larry Field, Max Fisher, Dr. Hoyt D. Gardner, Honorable Newt Gingrich, Marcia Wilson Hobbs, Jaquelin H. Hume, Earle Jorgensen, Honorable
Delbert L. Latta, Honorable Paul Laxalt, Honorable Jerry Lewis, Polly Logan, Honorable Trent Lott, William J. Lowenberg, James Lyon, James Munn, Jerry Oren,
Bob J. Perry, Honorable John C. Pritzlaff, Nancy Reynolds, James Roosevelt, Henry Salvatori, Henry Sayler, Harold Byron Smith, Jr., Frank D. Stella, J.A. "Bo"
Sullivan, Honorable Strom Thurmond, Holmes Tuttle, Jack Wrather
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the author and not necessarily those of the publishers.
SATURDAY, JANUARY 16, 1982
Moderates capture Reagan revolt
By PATRICK J. BUCHANAN
Late last year, Dan Rather intro-
cent (or $349 billion) of a much ex-
In 1981, eight ballistic missile sub-
duced a CBS Report with the now com-
panded federal budget.
marines (out of a fleet of 39) were
monplace observation that 1981 was
In broad strokes,' Wattenberg con-
berthed; only one B-52 was outfitted
"a year in which a generation of
tinues, "that increase from 28.8 per-
with cruise missiles, not the squadron
growth in social service programs
cent to 53.3 percent in human services
projected; the 53 Titan missiles, with a
Preservation Copy
halted and went into reverse."
spending can be said to delineate the
third of our land-based megatonnage,
To much of the national press, cer-
huge change that the Great Society
were rescheduled for retirement in
tainly to CBS and its sisters, Reagan-
brought to America.'
1983, four years early; and Jimmy
ism has become a synonym for savag-
And the Reagan Revolution which
Carter's decision to deploy 200 MX
ing the social budget, for colossal
threw 'into reverse" a "generation of
missiles in 4,000 protective shelters in
boosts in military
growth in social service programs"?
the Western desert was overturned.
spending, for tax
Wattenberg: In the Reagan budget
Instead, half that many missiles
rate reduction for
and projections, "the 53.3 percent of
will be built; the racetrack system will
the rich.
the budget for human services does in-
be abandoned; only 40 missiles will be
The recurring,
deed shrink. But, to what levels? To
deployed by 1986 in old, vulnerable
pejorative phrases
51.8 percent!
silos now occupied by the Minuteman.
are becoming a
Is that a 'radical' change? That is
'If a Democrat were in the White
part of our politi-
only a 1.5 percent change, and even
House." chortles Pincus, conservative
cal vocabulary
that assumes that Reagan gets all the
Republicans almost certainly would be
cliches. Reagan, it
cuts he plans during the next few
accusing him of unilateral disarma-
is said, has
years."
ment."
'shredded the so-
In short, not only all the FDR, but
Patrick Buchanan
As for our "bellicose" foreign policy
safety net. He
almost all the LBJ social programs en-
a charge based upon Reagan's off-
is "balancing the budget on the backs
dure and grow; taken together, they
hand observations that the Soviets are
of the poor.' The administration has
will continue to consume a near record
liars and cheats whose people survive
'abandoned the cities" and written
share of an ever-expanding federal
on a 'diet of sawdust" - here is the
off' the minorities. The president's
budget. This they call 'dismantling the
Year One assessment of Irving Kristol,
foreign policy is "bellicose" and "mili-
Great Society."
a Reaganite neo-conservative:
taristic."
And the tax cuts, Reagan's "welfare
"We permit our European allies to
Several analyses have just appeared
for the greedy"?
circumscribe our policy in Eastern Eu-
from the pens of two neo-conserva-
The Heritage Foundation has con-
rope; we permit our foreign economic
tives and a liberal which suggest a
cluded that no single group of taxpay-
policies to be shaped at the United Na-
general superficiality to the conven-
ers will be paying a smaller share of
tions; we permit Mexico to veto any
tional media wisdom.
its income in federal taxes in 1984
vigorous response to Cuba's interven-
than it did in 1977.
tion in Central America and Africa; we
Here is Ben Wattenberg, who served
Reagan-Kemp-Roth is little more
tongue-tie our president, our secretary
in the White House that admits to pa-
than an "indexing" of the tax code to
of State and our ambassador to the
ternity in The Great Society case;
give workers and producers some of
United Nations when confronting
"In 1964, first full year of the LBJ
the measure of protection from infla-
Third World impudence and insult; we
presidency, 28.8 percent of the federal
tion currently provided by law for re-
are blackmailed so successfully by
budget was devoted to 'human ser¹
tired folks on Social Security.
friend and foe alike that we habitually
vices.' That rubric included health, ed-
On our "massive" military buildup,
pay up in advance.
ucation, welfare, veterans, Social Se-
here is Walter Pincus, New Republic-
"What single bold action has this ad-
curity, nutrition and so on. (That 28.8
type, military analyst for The Wash-
ministration taken in foreign policy?
percent amounted to $34 billion.)
ington Post:
None."
"A frenetic legislative epoch then
"Those who watch instead of listen
While the networks continue to
ensued.
will make an intriguing discovery:
chase down long-in-the-tooth "civil
"Enter: food stamps, aid to students,
The Reagan administration in the past
rights leaders" who will pronounce
increased welfare and Social Security
year actually presided over a signifi-
Reagan's administration "racist," the
benefits, Medicare, Medicaid and rent
cant reduction in strategic nuclear
unwritten political story of 1981 is yet
supplements, to begin a long, long list.
weapons on alert as well as in the de-
overlooked: The hijacking of the
And, today, in 1981, spending for
velopment of new weapons for the fu-
Reagan Revolution by the moderate
human
resources
comprises
533
SLASH
MEDICARE!
CUT
SOCIAL
SECURITY/
PEOPLE OVER
65 ARE A DRAIN
ON THE BUDGET!
UH. LETS REPHRASE
THAT LAST STATEMENT
'Jimmy Reagan' now in charge
By ANDREW M. GREELEY
Jimmy Carter never left the White
kept not a one of his. Obviously aman
when he is not willing.or able to force
House. He disguised himself as former
who wins the presidency in part on his
the European allies to go along with
movie actor Ronald Reagan and
promise to American mothers that
such sanctions. They know that the
stayed on to continue the policies of his
hellend draft registration and then
only reason for having a draft/or readi-
administration.
neges on that promise to send a mes-
ness for a draft is that it makes the
Consider. The real Ronald Reagan
sage to the Russians must be Jimmy
bureaucrats at Foggy Bottom and the
promised to eliminate budget deficits
Carter and not Ronald Reagan.
Pentagon feel good because they can
and cut taxes. However, Jimmy
Would George Gipp liesto you?
act tough and pretend that they have
Reagan (Carter disguised as a cowboy)
The Russians are hardly likely to be
the same kind of authoritarian control
will preside over the biggest budget
impressed. They know that the United
over the American people that the
deficits in the his-
States does not dare use a draft army
Russians have over theirs.
tory of our country
in a long overseas war with high casu-
and will, if "his
Thomas Jefferson said once that
alties, even if Jimmy Reagan has for-
Treasury secretary
gotten about Vietnam and Korea. They
military draft is the worst kind of op-
is to be believed,
pression. Obviously the 800,000 young
know that the loudmouths who make
increase taxes next
Americans who have not registered
American foreign policy will attempt
year.
think the same thing. Ronald Reagan,
to use a conscript army if they have
The real Ronald
the vigorous advocate of personal free-
one, but that the public will quickly
Reagan promised
dom, individualism, courage of your
turn against such a war.
climate of healthy
own convictions against the oppression
If the public is slow to react, then
sympathy for
of big government would not try to
the Russians oan unleash their Ameri-
American business.
send such young mento jail.
can stooges to support a "peace cam-
Jimmy Reagan, a Andrew Greeley
paign." The Russians are very good at
However, Jimmy Reagan is talking
creature of the anti-business American
peace campaigns, though they don't
about Justice Department prosecution.
liberals, has permitted the housing and
have any in their own country
Turn the power of the government
automobile markets to fall apart and
So they're not impressed with
against people who had voted for him?
watches without concern as the busi-
Reagan's phony draft registration
Don't be silly The real Ronald Reagan
ness community sinks into a deep re-
message any more than they are with
wouldn't do that.
cession.
mutterings about further sanctions
Ask the air traffic controllers.
The real Ronald Reagan promised
to be tough with the Russians. Jimmy
Reagan imposes pitty-pat sanctions on
Russia and Poland for their suppres-
sion of freedom in Poland, not even re-
turning to the grain embargo.
The real Ronald Reagan promised
to abolish draft registration. Jimmy
Reagan extends the draft registration
to send message to the Russians
about Poland just as he sent them one
through the renewal of draft registra-
tion about Afghanistan.
The real Ronald Reagan knew that
the Russians were tough guys like him-
self. Hedidn't believe that you could
send messages of weakness-by continu-
ing trade with Russia and canceling
these with messages of strength about
maybe drafting young Americans.
Jimmy Reagan thinks you sound tough
if you demand that young men register
but assure everyone that you have no
intention of drafting anyone.
The real Ronald Reagan was a man
who you could tell would keep allthis
campaign promises. Jimmy Carter
preservation
Copy
REAGAN
WELL, FOLKS, sad to say, your cor-
WHAT HAPPENED to The Gipper?
Richmond Times-Dispatch, Fria Feb. 26, 1982
respondent sighted The Gipper on têle-
vision the other day at a presidential
Well, I'll tell you.
The administration of Ronald Rea-
press conference. He was dücking, bob-
bing, weaving, backpedaling on what
gan, Mr. Conservative, is afflicted with
was going on in El Salvador and what
that crippling disease common to the
the U.S.A. was going to do about it. "I
moderate Republican: a yearning that
just will not comment,' was what it
borders on acute hunger for respectabil-
added up to.
ity, for approbation, for acceptance by
Patrick J. Buchanan
Into the new week the process contin-
the Washington elite that will cause one
ued. For the record, folks, the Reagan
to suffer stoically any insult or indigna-
administration is not "on the defensive";
tion, to calmly wipe the spittle off one's
it is getting clobbered.
cheek before turning it. Its style of self-
Let Reagan
defense is the reasoned, cool, non-pro-
The president's veterans, with him
before Kansas City, are embarrassed
vocative always sympathetic to the
almost into silence, watching him ex-
other fellow's point of views - style
plain why he is paying off Gen. Jaruzel-
taught at Country Day. The "Let's Have
ski's debts to the New York banks with-
a Dialogue" School of Politics.
Be Reagan
out hauling Jaruzelski's thugs into court
W. Bradford Reynolds, the president's
enforcement officer for civil rights, is a
and forcing them to confess bankruptcy.
The rabble of the civil rights move-
practitioner accused by Eleanor
ment is getting away with any insult its
Holmes Norton of being the 'major neg-
WASHINGTON Say; anybody out
ative force" in the administration, of
thère know whatever became of "The
limited imagination can dream up. The
"New Federalism," said Joe Jacobs of
making an "unprincipled attack on the
Gipper"? You. know, big fella with the
the Urban League, represents à "cave-
rule of law." Reynolds retorted, We are
slicked-down hair who, bout 75 or 76;
not against desegregation.
But
at
man ethic that is a moral insult to
came out of California and tore old
the same time we will not deprive stu
America's ideals." "The new budget is
Jerry Ford up something awful. You
even more vicious than last year's.'
dents of the significant benefits of at-
remember. The fella who had em
Where the devil is Lyn Nofziger? The
tending schools in their own neighbor-
standing on the folding chairs cursing
answer to this kind of rancidity is to
hoods by insisting on a mandatory,
Jerry for selling out East Europe and
zero out federal spending for these pov-
race-conscious transportation remedy
giving away the Panama Canal. I can
erty racketeers.
that has proven ineffective and holds
Preservation Copy
still see that Kansas City convention
Lane Kirkland gets away with calling
out little promise for an enhanced edu-
filled up with the kind of foot-stomping,
Reaganomies "Jonestown economics"
cational experience."
oath-shouting rednecks in white collars
giving Kool Aid to the nation's poor and
How's that for giving it to em with
who had Hank Kissinger scared to show
the bark on?
unemployed - rhetoric that embar-
up in the hall.
As casualties mounted in the bloody
rassed some of his union buddies.
Remember, back in 1980, how he al-
battles of the wilderness, the Eastern
Even the trendy pacifist prelates of
most kicked it away out in Iowa and
the U.S. Catholic Conference can spot a
press clamored for Lincoln to relieve
then came tearing back to shatch it all
big fat kid who won't fight back. Rea-
Grant. "I can't spare this man, Lincoln
from the preppy fellow up in New
gan's budget, says Bishop Joe Sullivan,
replied. "He fights."
Hämpshire, where he backhanded that
Not a bad epitaph. What your follow-
is "intolerable." "The return of the soup
Yankee editor who tried to cut him off
lines and the dramatic increase in the
ers need, Mr. President, is not more
with, "Mr. Green, I paid for this micro-
Hollywood productions crying, "Let Po-
demand for emergency food assistance
phone." Same fellow who used to set
land be Poland," but a White House
and financial aid should not be inter-
their teeth rattling in Georgetown by
decision to let Reagan be Reagan.
preted as a sign of success for the New
calling the Vietnam War a "noble
1982, PJB Enterprises Inc.,
Voluntarism.' They are instead sad
cause" and telling the preachers in Dal-
symbols of retreat by a government
las he had the same doubts they did
from a fundamental responsibility."
about everybody descending from mon-
This about a budget that provides 95
keys. Yessif, that was my kind of candi-
date. Whatever became of him?
million subsidized meals every day and
food stamps for 19 million people.
file
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, MONDAY, MAY rd, 7981
Regan
The Elites and Reagan's Populist Agenda
By JEFFREY BELL
But in an age of presidential primaries
Judicial activism. Whether one likes
selves at the local level. This populist Ta*
While watching the television coverage
and mass media, with its premium on un-
abortion on demand or not-and Mr. Rea
tionale was clear This mind at least as
of the shooting of President Reagan, and in
derstanding and communicating with aver-
gan doesn't-the Supreme-Court's 1973 de-
early as 1975. When I worked on his contro-
particular the details of his courage and
age voters in televised debates and com-
cision is the epitome of government
versial speech advocating $90 billionsin fed-
good humor in the midst of this ordeal that
mercials unfiltered by reporters or old
unilateral short-circuiting of the demo-
eral deceritralization, offered Mr. Reagan
began to filter out. I seemed to hear a tone
style pols, who was-really right in his use
cratic process states.
at least a dozen possible titles. The one he
in the broadcast voices not only of admira-
of time? Since 1976, Mr. Reagan has won
On this and other "social" issues, Mr.
chose was "Let the People Rule.*
tion but of sincere surprise,
3-contested primaries and carried 44 of 50
Reagan will favor a reversion from judi
Monetary policy William Jennings
Extraordinary that the old fellow seems
states in his one general election.
cial to democratic decision-making, and
Bryan might scratch his head in amaze-
to be bringing It off so well, they seemed to
Mr. Reagan acquired his political style
will not hesitate to lobby for various consti-
ment, but in the context of the 1980s Presi-
be saying It struck me that there is one
dent Reagan's long-time flirtation with a
thing that is consistent about the political
What is it about Mr. Reagan that enables him to do
return to the gold standard also puts him
career of Ronald Reagan it's his ability to
on the populist side.
surpass the expectations of America's
14 impossible things before breakfast and still be re-
In the pure paper currency standard*we
elites.
have had "since 1971, an elite of central
Here, after all, is one of the most inter-
garded by the best people asan amiable lightweight?
bankers and economists-decides how much
esting and surprising political success sto-
money the government shall print. This is
ries in our history: Entering politics as a
true whether the elite is monetarist
second career at the age of 55. winning the
and most of his ideas in a radically popu-
tutional amendments if they appear the
("conservative") aiming at a fixed rate of
governorship of the largest and most mod-
list way. In New York Daily News syndi-
only feasible method of returning decision-
increase in currency, or Keynesian
ern state in the country. putting himself in
cated article, former General Electric ex-
making to: the electorate. As to the social
("liberal"), aiming to fix interest rates: In
the service of a political philosophy that
ecutive Edward Langley described Mr.
content of these policies Mr. Reagan's own
either case the favored policy lever is ma-
seemed hopelessly discredited, seeing that
Reagan's conversion from liberal to con
leaning will be toward the democratic COR
inipulation by thestew.
philosophy through to Handslide success
servative in this GE years from 1954 to
cept of "community standards" rather
In aemodemizetlegold standard, by con-
and igniting movements.to limit taxes, de-
1962.
than to/social libertarianism of the right or
trast, the people's demand for money de-
centralize welfare and treassess detente
"GE changed Reagan Year
Lieft.
termines the quantity of money supplied by
along the way, winning the Presidency at
ter year, in smoky factories, heilethimself
Taxes. In this area, Reagan's populism
the government.
an age few thought conceivable.
be fork-lifted into the air to jabber with
shows his deep belief that the mass DE
Foreign policy.. an the Reagan years.
What is about Mr. Reagan that ena
welders, or he bounded onto cafeteria ta
people will respond to new tax incentives.
the real argument will not be between
bles him to do 14 Impossible thungs
eth wierks beginning
critics, who havesincluded rest of this
Neonservative hawks and liberal doves
breakfast and still be regarded by the best
tried to WOO them with Hollywood jokes.
1980 opponents, liberal and conservative,
nearly everybody is worried about the
people as an lightweight?
But they weren buying wanted, and
and most of the professionaare
Soviets and wants.to rebuild oursmilitary
There is, of course, the fact that unlike
Intime forced him, to and respondato
united in their belief that average people,
but between populist and elitist schools of
a lot of successful people, Mr. Reagan is
their concerns, their growis against gov
"If given big personal tax cuts, will respond
winning friends abroad.
not selfemportant. A man who takes him-
ernment.
either minimally or irresponsibly by bid.
Therelitists, personified by Alexander
self with a grain of salt can lead a certain
"A lady collwinder hit him with, 'Do
dingaup prices, rather than supplying new
Haig inaso far as remains under the in-
kind of observer to make the mistake of
you know how many licenses I need to
work and saving
fluence of his chief mentor, Henry Kissin-
doing the same.
open a part-time beauty parlor in my
The critique is implicitly in that it
ger, like to operate:by conciliating elites in
house he government is running my life.
assumes that wiser use of the national in-
other countries-most of-whom have done
Related to this quality Mr. Reagan's
Why? A reluctant Reagan listened. He
come stream will be made by the few (the
rather badly in governing their countries.
tendency to try to embody ideas, rather
was nose-to-nose with middle America-
federal government or large corporations)
In this strategy the lid is put on U.S. back-
than build an organization on a network of
and changing in the process. No other poli-
than by the many, at least in the "short
ing for human rights-even in the Soviet
iron loyalty to one's career advancement
ticlan I can think of has been so steeped in
run. The elitist recipe? Keep personal tax
bloc-in order to avoid antagonizing var-
in the Nixon-Rockefeller mold. The
the native conservatism of working Amer
rates high and concentrate tax incentives
ious governing elites we are trying to Woo
assumption seems to be that a single-
ica. In seven years, he was so won
in the corporate sector. This is the biparti-
or negotiate with In his 1976 campaign,
minded attention to one's fortunes is the
over to working America that he began
san recipe that has brought Britain, the
Mr. Reagan became the leading critic of
only way to be "realistic.' Mr. Reagan
giving sizzling speeches to community
most elitist of all the democracies, years of
this approach.
isn't 'practical' and sophisticated in the
groups that embarrassed his GE bosses,
stagflation and an instantaneously front-
A populist foreign policy, while not ig
sense Dewey, Nixon and Rockefeller were.
and they fired him.
running new party.
horing the elites, would put considerably
Hence-even in the eyes of idealists who
The ironic culmination of Mr. Reagan's
Federal spending. It has already been
more emphasis on the war of ideas-in-
don't admire the earlier examples-Mr.
GE experience has found an echo in just
widely noted that the Reagan-Stockman
cluding the use of all channels, diplomatic
Reagan must be "lighter."
about everything that has happened to him
budget strategy, by favoring defense and
and electronic, to promote capitalism and
Finally, and perhaps most important,
since. In his presidential races, he has
leaving most of the big transfer-payment
democracy as the twin answers to most of
there is Mr. Reagan's thoroughgoing popul-
raised his money by the populist medium
programs alone, takes a heavy toll on that
the world's problems.
ism. During the 1980 campaign, a Reagan
of direct mail, while such opponents as
portion of the budget known as "Other,"
One thing is certain: When President
political aide was quoted in The Wall
Ford, Connally and Bush went the large-
cutting it from 29% to 18% of federal
Reagan well and some or all of these
Street Journal "If you give Ronald Rea-
contributor route. In his 1976 and 1980 nom-
spending over the next few years To some
things start happening, the President's eli
gan the choice of sitting around
ination fights, he did far better with pri-
extent, this is simple recognition of the
tist peers-will-keep underestimating him-
gas-station attendants or a bunch of state
emary voters than with elected officials and
need for higher defense spending in tan-
"the man can't be serious." Perhaps their
legislators, he'll take the gas-station atten-
party dignitaries.
dem with the supply side Insight that the
incomprehension is inevitable in the nature
dants every time.' It was clear in the con-
Assuming that Mr. Reagan cames to
time to reform safety-net programs is after
of the gulf between a failed elitism of both
text that the aide was not happy about this
dominate the politics of the 1980s. as he
restoration of economic growth through tax
the right and left and an unfashionable but
préference. Neither earlier advis-
has a very good chance of doing provided
cuts, not before. But it is more than'that.
deep-rooted populist revolution struggling
ers-myself included who privately be:
that he is able to recover and maintain his
The meat-ax assault on "Other" is
to be born.
moaned Mr.) Reagan's careful reading and
health, the policy conflicts ahead may be
leap toward massive decentralization of
answering of over-the-transom mail from
much easter to understand If one forgets
government.
Mr. Bell, a former Reagan aide and
normal folks, viat distinct preference to
the old-fashioned right-left spectrum and
The dynamic variable: in *Reagan's
1978 U.S. Senate nominee in New Jersey,
meeting and telephoning politicians and
focuses on a populist versus elitist cleave
budget strategy ishis optimism about the
working onea book on mass democracy at
opinion-makers.
age.
ability of average people to govern them-
the Eagleton Institute, Rutgers University
Preservation Copy
Tile
May 27,
It is a pleasure for Nancy and me and a gicat privilege
to be here today to congratulate you who have successfully
completed your education and training at the U.S. Military
Academy.
We honor you for the responsibility you are willing to
accept. Today you become officers in the Armed Forces of
the U.S., guardians of our freedom, protectors of our heritage.
But more than that you become the keepers of the peace.
Those shrill voices that would have us believe the
defenders of our Nation are somehow the enemies of peace are
as false as they are shrill. A Chinese philosopher Sun Tsu
2500 years ago said, "Winning 100 victories in 100 battles
is not the acme of skill -- to subdue the enemy without
fighting is the acme of skill." A truly successful army is
one that, because of its strength and ability, will not be
called upon to fight for no one will dare provoke it. There
have been four wars in my lifetime and none of them came
about because we were too strong.
At the end of World War II we alone were at the peak of
our military strength. Our great industrial capacity was
untouched by war's destruction. Pope Pius XII said, "America
has a genius for great and unselfish deeds. Into the hands
of America God has placed an afflicted mankind."
We set out to repair the war-ravaged lands of erstwhile
enemies as well as friends. We prevented what could have
been a retreat into the Dark Ages. Unfortunately another
great power was marching to a different drum best, creating
a society in which everything that isn't compulsory is
prohibited. Citizens in that society have little more to
say about government than a prison inmate has to say about
prison administration.
About 10 days ago I addressed another graduating class
at the University of Notre Dame. Young men and women of
your generation facing a future in which they wonder what
jobs will be available and who their employers will be.
You don't have that problem. You know what your job
will be and your employers will be those Notre Dame graduates
as well as the rest of your fellow citizens. Now, of course,
they won't be directly and personally in charge; that will
be left to those of us they have chosen to represent them.
Speaking on behalf of the latter may I say we intend
that you shall find better working conditions, tools adequate
to the tasks you are expected to perform and pay somewhat
more commensurate with the responsibility you assume than
has been the case in recent years.
Now you may have heard rumors to the effect that increasing
Government spending is not something I'm prone to do. And
to tell the truth there is a certain substance to those
rumors.. At the same time, however, I accept without question
the words of George Washington, "To be prepared for war is
one of the most effectual means of preserving peace." It
isn't true that he told me that personally; still, I'm in
full agreement and believe he did say it.
But let me speak seriously about your employers. We've
been through a period in which it seemed we'd forgotten that
Government is a convenience of, for and by the people.
While we were busy with our own affairs Government began to
grow beyond the consent of the governed. Its growth was
nourished by an ever-larger share of the people's earnings
that it took by taxation which became more and more confiscatory.
At the same time Government neglected one of its prime
responsibilities, national security, as it engaged more and
more in social experimentation.
Our margin of safety in an increasingly hostile world
was allowed to diminish and for a time it seemed there was
an erosion of respect for the honorable profession you have
chosen.
All of this led to an economic crisis. Deficit spending
and an almost trillion dollar debt resulted in runaway
inflation, lowered productivity and great unemployment. The
tools of your trade were given a low priority.
I'm happy to tell you the people of America have recovered
from what can only be called a temporary aberration. There
is a spiritual revival going on -- a hunger to once again be
proud of all that America is and can be.
The first step in restoring our margin of safety must
be the rejuvenation of our economy. A vibrant and expanding
economy is necessary if we are to have the research, the
technology and the industrial capacity to provide you with
what you need to practice your profession.
Reflecting the will of the people the Government has
returned to our long-time tradition of bipartisanship not
only where national security is concerned but with regard to
the economic needs of the people. In recent weeks one could
say there were no Democrats and Republicans in the Congress --
just Americans.
Yes, there are and will be disagreements but they are
legitimate differences of opinion on how best to reduce
Government costs, what tax changes will provide incentive to
increase productivity and how best to restore our defense
capability. Already the Congress has voted the greatest
reduction of a budget ever attempted. At the same time it
has mightily increased spending for the military.
The argument, if there is any, will be over which
weapons and not whether we should forsake weaponry for
treaties and agreements. My good friend Laurence Beilenson
authored a book a few years ago entitled, The Treaty Trap.
It was the result of years of research and it made plain
that no nation that placed its faith in parchment or paper
and gave up its protective hardware ever lasted long enough
to write many pages in history. This is not to say we
shouldn't seek treaties and understandings and even mutual
reduction of strategic weapons. The search for peace must
go on but we have a better chance of finding it if we
maintain our strength while we're searching. Mr. Beilenson
has recently authored a new thought-provoking book, Survival
and Peace in the Nuclear Age.
But weaponry alone dues not mean security. General
George Patton said: "Wars may be fought with weapons, but
they are won by men. It is the spirit of the men who follow
and of the man who leads that gains the victory." Today we
make only one change in that statement. We say: "the men
and women who follow and lead." " There are 58 women in this
graduating class and women constitute 9.1 percent of the
Army today.
The indispensable factor for the protection of all that
we hold dear is the leadership you and young men and women
like you offer this Nation. You will be the individuals who
must inspire and lead those who are called upon to do a hard
and sometimes thankless job.
James Warner Bellah, sometimes called our Rudyard
Kipling because of his stories of the Army on our frontier
as we pushed westward, described a poignant scene in one of
his stories. A commanding officer lay dying on the field of
battle. As he passed the command to a younger officer he
said, "There may be only one time in your life when your
country will call on you and you will be the only one who
can do the nasty job that has to be done -- do it or forever
after there will be the taste of ashes in your mouth."
A torch of leadership is being handed to you in this
commencement ceremony today, a ceremony that is duplicated
only in the several other service academies. I know that
you have learned the principles of leadership here in this
historic place. You know that it requires one to command
the respect of those who follow by deserving that respect;
by dedication and total commitment to the defense of our
country and all that it represents.
You have had an excellent example to follow. General
Goodpastor could almost be said to be a member of your
class. He arrived here as Superintendent almost at the same
time you enrolled as plebes. He retires now as you graduate.
General Goodpastor had served his country well and
retired as a 4-Star General. He left retirement and gave up
one of those four stars to return to West Point.
You are part of a great tradition. Overused though it
may be, the term the "Long Gray Line" is descriptive of the
tradition of which you are now a part. In that line have
been men who turned defeat into victory; who stood in the
breech until citizen armies could be raised. For a time
West Point was the Nation's principal source of professionally-
trained engineers. The West was explored and mapped by
members of that Long Gray Line. A West Point graduate
helped design the Panama Canal and the Holland Tunnel. Two
were Presidents. Two are presently Cabinet members in this
Administration. Others have become giants of commerce and
industry: Henry DuPont, class of 1833; Robert E. Wood,
class of 1900.
Dwight Eisenhower stated: "Even in the event of a
complete disarmament there is a role for West Point. Even
if we just turned our graduates back into the body politic
it would be good. The graduates are trained people who
understand duty and do it."
Six astronauts are West Point graduates. Among them
the first man to walk in space, Colonel Edward White, who
then lost his life in 1967 when a tragic fire swept the
Apollo spacecraft.
But let us look ahead to the force of which you will be
an important and significant part. I doubt there will be
many surprises because in a way you've been "Army" for the
last 4 years.
There is little chance that you will be like the young
World War II recruit who asked in some bewilderment why the
Army did certain things the way it did. A long-time Regular
Army Sergeant said, "Let me explain it to you. If you were
in charge of a brand new country and creating an Army what
would you call the first division you finally got organized?"
The recruit said, "Well, I guess I'd call it the 1st Division.
The Sergeant said: "When the U.S. put together its first
division, it named it the 2d Division. When you understand
that you' 11 know why the Army does things the way it does. "
Our country has a unique tradition among the nations.
Unlike other powers with armies of conscripts, our military
was composed of citizen volunteers. In times past the
standing Army was a skeleton force that expanded in wartime
to absorb the draftees, the conscripts. We also counted on
a National Guard -- a trained reserve to bridge the period
when the new draftees were undergoing basic training. We
must still have that reserve and we are taking steps to
upgrade it to a state of immediate readiness.
We once had the luxury of time provided by the two
great oceans: a luxury we no longer have.
At the end of World War II we continued the draft into
peacetime even though a peacetime draft was counter to
American tradition. We had always believed that only in the
most severe national emergency did Government have a claim
to mandatory service of its younger citizens.
We returned to that tradition in 1973 -- a volunteer
military. Some proclaimed it a failure from the start. I'm
not going to take your time by reciting the pros and cons of
the debate which still goes on except to say that some
expressed the belief that patriotism alone should be cause
enough to serve. George Washington once said of patriotism:
"It must be aided by a prospect of Interest or some reward.
For a time it may, of itself push Men to Action; to bear
much, to encounter difficulties; but it will not endure
unassisted by Interest."
It is true that patriotism cannot be bought -- neither
can it be coerced. You are here today as living proof of
that. Obviously you did not choose this profession with
thought of making a fortune. Samuel Johnson, 200 years ago,
said, "An officer is much more respected than any other man
who has as little money."
Young men and women volunteered for duty in our Armed
Forces and then found that too much of their reward was
expected to be patriotism. And even here they were short-
changed. In much of the 1970's there was a widespread lack
of respect for the uniform born perhaps of what has been
called the Vietnam syndrome. The result was inevitable, a
fall-off of enlistments, but even worse a drop in reenlistment
resulting in a great loss of experienced noncommissioned
officers.
The cry for a draft rose to a crescendo. I believe
there is another way, one more in keeping with our system of
rewarding those who work and serve, on a scale commensurate
with what we ask of them. I don't suppose we could put an
exact price on the sacrifice we ask of those who guarantee
our safety, but one thing certain, they deserve better than
a bare subsistence level.
I have asked Secretary of Defense Weinberger to form a
Defense Manpower Task Force to review the entire military
manpower question and make proposals which will increase the
effectiveness of the active and reserve All-Volunteer
Forces.
Last year's pay increase was a step in the right
direction, but we are asking for another in the fiscal year
that begins October 1. We seek to channel pay increases and
bonuses to those in the most-needed skill areas. We are
studying proposals for a merit pay system and increased
flexibility in personnel practices.
GI Bill was eliminated and replaced
with a program having fewer benefits. At the same time we
were expanding Federal aid to college students. The Federal
Government in effect provided more benefits to those who
were not serving their country and reduced them for those
who were. The Defense Manpower Task Force will be studying
ways in which we can make enlistment more attractive to the
kind of young people we need in our military forces.
Already enlistments are up, so are reenlistments and,
surprisingly, or maybe we shouldn't be surprised, many who
have already left the service are coming back. There has
also been a decided rise in quality as measured by educational
and training attainment.
Something other than pay and benefits is contributing
to this. I mentioned earlier a new spirit that is abroad in
our land. The era of self-doubt is over. We've stopped
looking at our warts and rediscovered how much there is to
love in this blessed land.
All of us together and you very definitely and the
posts you go to can help restore the sense of pride our men
and women are entitled to have in wearing the uniform. Let
friend and foe alike be aware of the spirit that is sweeping
across our land, for it means we will meet our responsibility
of the free world. Very much a part of this new spirit is
patriotism. And with that goes a heartfelt appreciation for
the sacrifices of those in uniform.
You are the prime ingredient that keeps us free; that
protects all we cherish and hold dear. You can transmit the
historic heritage which is in the very air of West Point.
The first Purple Heart medal was awarded here. It was the
first decoration ever given to an enlisted man.
At Trophy Point I'm told there are links of the great
chain that was forged and stretched across the Hudson to
prevent the British fleet from penetrating further into the
valley. Today you are that chain holding back an evil force
that would extinguish a light we've been tending for 6,000
years.
A few years ago in the sunset of his life a West Point
graduate, General Douglas MacArthur, addressed West Point
Alumni and Cadets here. No one who heard him can ever
forget his words nor his declaration that so long as breath
remained in his body he would hear the words: duty, honor,
country.
Do your duty, keep your honor, and you will preserve
this country for us, for your children and for your children's
children.
God bless you and keep you.
file Reagan
MERRELL INDEX of
tm
PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP
V. Dallas Merrell, Ph.D.
100
DAY
FDR HST DDE JFK LBJ RMN GRF JEC AVG. REA-
GAN
OVERALL INDEX RATING*
5.5
5.0
4.8
4.9
5.1
3.8
4.2
3.5
4.6
5.3
BUILDING AND USING POWER:
6.0
5.0
2.8
5.0
5.5
4.1
3.8
3.3
4.7
5.3
Contending for power
6.3
5.0
3.5
5.3
6.0
5.7
3.3
4.5
5.0
5.3
Building and using alliances
5.7 4.1 4.6 5.1 4.8 3.5 3.8 3.3 4.4 6.0
Knowing government institutions
6.1 5.4 3.2 4.9 6.3 5.0 6.4 2.3 5.0 4.2
Dealing with people face-to-face
6.1 5.4 4.6 5.0 5.0 2.5 4.4 4.0 4.6 6.8
Selling ideas to public
6.3
4.4
4.3
5.5
4.0
2.9
3.1
3.1
4.2
6.0
Using power strategically
6.1 4.8 4.1 4.7 5.7 4.5 3.6 2.4 4.5 4.4
Dominating and intimidating
5.8
4.5
3.7
4.6
6.4
3.8
3.4
3.1
4.4
4.6
Resisting coercion from others
5.8
6.3
4.8
5.0
6.1
4.9
3.6
3.4
5.0
5.0
EARNING RESPECT:
5.6
5.3
5.6
5.1
5.3
3.0
4.7
3.7
4.8
5.9
Personal integrity
4.6
5.5
6.0
4.5
4.8
1.7
5.9
4.6
4.7
6.2
Strong convinctions
6.3
5.8
4.1
5.6
4.8
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.8
6.5
Consistency in actions
4.1
5.7
5.3
4.3
6.3
3.3
4.5
1.9
4.4
5.3
Control of weaknesses
5.1 5.8 5.6 4.5 5.0 1.9 5.0 4.8 4.7 6.0
Self confidence
6.6 5.6 6.3 6.2 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.7 5.3 6.3
Popularity and public esteem
6.3 4.8 6.2 5.7 5.7 1.9 4.5 2.6 4.7 6.3
Visibility of strengths
6.6
5.0
5.2
6.0
6.4
2.9
4.0
3.8
5.0
6.1
Achievements before presidency
5.5
4.0
6.3
4.0
6.1
4.6
4.8
2.8
4.8
4.8
UNDERSTANDING MATTERS:
5.4
5.0
4.3
5.2
4.7
3.5
4.3
3.6
4.5
4.9
Understanding diverse types/people
5.9
4.8
4.5
4.9
4.9
3.2
4.8
3.4
4.6
4.9
Tapping grapevines
6.8 4.7 4.0 5.2 5.5 4.0 4.1 3.3 4.7 5.3
Relating ideas and events
6.3
4.9
4.0
5.4
5.0
3.4
3.6
3.3
4.5
4.8
Reasoning independently
5.5
5.8
3.7
4.9
5.1
4.7
3.7
3.5
4.6
4.8
Controlling prejudice
4.5 4.3 5.2 5.0 3.6 2.0 4.7 3.6 4.1 4.6
Keeping up-to-date
5.0
5.5
4.3
5.8
5.7
4.7
4.4
4.3
5.0
4.9
Listening accurately
5.0 5,0 4.9 5.2 4.1 3.7 4.2 3.3 4.4 5.3
Probing and questioning
4.9 4.9 4.1 5.3 5.0 3.9 4.2 3.9 4.5 4.7
Getting criticism
4.9
4.7
3.9
4.8
3.3
2.3
4.6
3.4
4.0
4.7
ESTABLISHING DIRECTION:
6.1
4.6
3.9
4.7
5.4
4.2
3.6
3.1
4.5
5.5
Taking initiative
6.5
5.3
3.6
4.8
6.1
4.8
3.1
4.0
4.8
5.8
Clarifying issues
6.2 4.7 3.7 5.1 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.5 4.3 5.9
Setting objectives
6.1 5.0 3.8 5.0 5.8 4.4 3.9 2.9 4.6 5.5
Formulating strategy
6.1 4.3 3.9 4.6 5.7 4.5 3.6 2.4 4.4 5.2
Persuading and building support
6.3
3.8
4.3
4.5
5.4
3.8
3.6
3.0
4.3
5.6
Keeping matters on track
5.6
4.7
4.3
4.2
5.4
4.0
4.0
2.7
4.4
4.8
DEVELOPING IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES:
4.4
4.8
5.1
4.7
4.8
4.0
3.8
3.0
4.3
4.8
Delegating assignments clearly
5.4
4.9
4.6
4.5
5.5
4.8
4.0
3.4
4.6
5.4
Building team spirit
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.5
4.6
3.9
4.2
3.0
4.7
5.1
Pulling loose-ends together
3.6
4.5
4.7
3.8
4.7
4.0
3.7
2.4
4.0
4.2
Setting procedures & ground rules
4.2 4.5 5.1 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.0 4.2 4.8
Scheduling to meet deadlines
3.8 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.4 3.5 3.5 3.2 4.3 5.0
Clarifying working relationships
3.8
4.7
5.5
4.8
4.1
3.4
3.9
2.8
4.1
4.5
SOLVING PROBLEMS:
5.7
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.4
3.4
4.2
3.2
4.5
5.0
Spotting problems early
6.1
4.4
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.6
3.7
3.4
4.2
4.6
Using competent help
6.0 4.9 5.5 5.7 4.1 3.7 4.6 2.9 4.7 5.3
Acting decisively
5.9 6.5 4.5 5.2 5.3 3.5 4.0 2.5 4.7 5.3
Using good judgment
5.2
5.2
5.5
4.3
3.5
3.0
4.4
2.4
4.2
4.8
Handling crises with poise
6.6 6.0 5.8 5.7 4.2 2.8 3.9 3.1 4.8 6.2
Mediating differing interests
5.0 3.5 5.0 4.2 3.9 2.7 4.5 3.6 4.1 4.6
Resisting petty demands
5.3 5.2 4.8 5.1 4.5 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.4
Disciplining decisively
5.2
6.0
4.6
4,6
5.3
3.9
3.6
3.1
4.5
4.1
PERSONAL EFFORTS:
5.4
5.4
4.8
5.0
5.4
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.7
Working hard at duties
5.8
5.5
3.8
4.9
6.3
5.2
4.8
5.7
5.3
4.6
Maintaining health and vitality
4.7
5.4
5.3
5.2
4.5
5.2
6.1
6.0
5.3
6.2
Managing personal time
4.8
5.2
5.7
4.7
4.9
4.4
4.4
3.9
4.8
5.9
Focusing on priority tasks
6.3 5.4 4.2 5.3 6.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 5.0 6.1
*Ratings made on 7-point scales, with 7 as high.
"Merrell Index of Presidential Leadership is a Merrell trademark. Copyright 1980.
V. Dallas Merrell, Ph.D. 13917 Crest Hill Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20904 (301) 384-2926
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE STUDY
This is a continuing study to examine the leadership strengths and
weaknesses among U. S. presidents. The study began in February 1980
with the establishment of an "Index of Presidential Leadership,"
measuring presidents from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Gerald R. Ford.
Presidential candidates, Carter and Reagan, were studied in October
1980. The panel rated President Reagan after his first 100 days in
office.
The index was developed from an independent assessment by a dist-
inguished panel of experts who, using 7-point scales, rated the
candidates and presidents on 49 leadership attributes. Panelists
were selected from presidential scholars and insiders who have worked
with the presidents.
Panelists. James MacGregor Burnes, presidential biographer, Pulitzer
Prize winning author of Leadership; Howard Fleiger, former editor
U. S. News and World Report; Chester A. Newland, Director, Federal
Executive Institute; Francis H. Heller, author of The Presidency: A
Modern Perspective; Stuart G. Brown, author of The American Presidency:
Leadership, Partisanship and Popularity; Frank P. Sherwood, past
president, American Society for Public Administration; Margaret Chase
Smith, former U. S. Senator; Elmer B. Staats, former Comptroller
General of the U. S.; George E. Reedy, author of The Twilight of the
Presidency and LBJ Press Secretary; Merlo J. Pusey, Pulitzer Prize
former Associate Editor, Washington Post; A. J. Wann, author of The
President as Chief Administrator: Gene Smith, presidential author;
J. R. Blandford, General Counsel to Congressional committee; Lee
Roderick, Washington Bureau Chief, Scripps-League Newspapers; Maurice
H. Stans, former Secretary of Commerce; Dwight Ink, former chairman
of presidential task forces; Gardner Ackley, former Chairman, Council
of Economic Advisors; Alfred Steinberg, presidential biographer; F.
Charles Graves, president, public affairs agency; Kendall O. Price,
President, Center for Leadership Development; Neely Gardner, USC
Professor of Public Administration. Reagan panelists: Burns, Sherwood
Staats, Newland, Reedy, Pusey, Graves, Price, Gardner, Roderick,
and Steinberg.
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FINDINGS
Past presidents. Roosevelt was rated highest overall, 5.5, highest in
selling ideas (6.3) taking initiative (6.5), and handling crises (6.6).
Johnson at 5.1 was second, highest in dominating (6.4) and working
hard (6.3). At 5.0, Truman was third, being most resistant to intimid-
ation (6.3) and the most decisive (6.5). Kennedy, 4.9, scored well for
building team spirit and using expert help. Eisenhower, 4.8, was best
in earning public esteem and using good judgment. With 4.2, Ford
was rated healthiest of those studied and as having integrity. Nixon,
rated 3.8 overall, got only 1.7 for personal integrity, but 5.0 for
understanding government and 5.2 for working hard. Carter was rated
3.5, lowest of those studied, with his highest scores for personal
integrity (4.6) and personal efforts in the presidency (4.9).
Reagan after 100 days. With a 5.3, Reagan's leadership was rated second
only to Roosevelt. In no case was he lowest among presidents, but was
strongest for building alliances (6.0), dealing face-to-face with
people (6.8), personal convictions (6.5), personal integrity (6.2), and
managing his time (5.9). Roosevelt is rated as having been more
persuasive with the public and a better manager, Truman as more decisive,
Johnson as knowing government better. Reagan was rated less high in
management areas: pulling loose ends together (4.2), setting procedures
and ground rules (4.8), disciplining (4.1), and establishing working
relationships (4.5).
V. DALLAS MERRELL, Ph.D., has studied and counseled hundreds of exec-
utives and has designed leadership assessment programs for businesses
and governments. His work has been featured in the Wall Street Journal
New York Times, and nationwide on television, radio and syndicated news
articles. He has been a Republican candidate for the U. S. Senate in
Maryland. His latest book is Huddling, a study of the political processes
in management.
in Blom-6787 s 16787 helpful USDA
Pm10
file
Reayon
THE 1980
CAMPAIGN
PROMISES OF
RONALD
REAGAN
Compiled and Pablished by
THE DEMOCRATIC
CONGRESSIONAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE
Tony Coelho Charman
IAL GROUPS
1. ELDERLY
a. Social Security
(1) Preserve and strengthen Social Security.
(Tampa, 10/10/80)
(2) Veto any attempt to tax Social Security
benefits. (Tampa, 10/10/80)
(3) Encourage senior citizens to supplement
their benefits. (Tampa, 10/10/80)
(4) End earnings limitation on Social Security.
(Tampa, 10/10/80)
(5) Not make Social Security voluntary. (Ameri-
can Council on Consumer Interests, 10/80)
(6) Defend Social Security. Its benefits will
once again be made meaningful. (Chicago,
9/9/80)
(7) Address any remaining inequities in treatment
of women under the Social Security system.
(Women Today, 10/17/80)
(8) Make sure that no senior citizen will ever
miss a Social Security payment. (Seal
Beach, CA, 10/13/80)
(9) Look into the use of the current cost-of-
living index to determine the amount of
yearly increases in Social Security payments.
Consider omitting real estate from the cost-
of-living index. (Nation, 6/30/80)
(10) Not increase FICA taxes to help bail out the
Social Security system. (Los Angeles Times,
10/23/80)
b. Medicare
(1) Support Medicare and work to make it strong-
er. (Louisville, 10/20/80)
58
SPECIAL GROUPS
SPECIAL GROUPS
(2) Amend Medicare and Supplemental Security
Income provisions to facilitate home care
for the elderly and handicapped when such
care is less costly than institutional care.
(The American Family, August/September, 1980)
(3) See to it that the promises made by Govern-
ment to every older American under Medicare
2. HANDIC
and other programs are kept. (Philadelphia,
9/7/80)
a. C
C. General Promises
(1) Institute tax reforms that can help older
Americans retain their dignity, their self-
respect and their self-reliance as produc-
tive members of society. (Philadelphia, 9/7/80)
(2) Institute tax credits which will promote
solutions to the dependent care needs for
children, for the disabled and for the eld-
erly in order to help families, particular-
ly those with single heads of households.
(Women Today, 10/17/80)
(3) Encourage the development of private organ-
izations to deal with home care of the eld-
erly and the handicapped. (The American
Family, August/September , 1980)
(4) Oppose mandatory retirement laws. (American
3. LABOR
Association of Retired Persons, 10/80)
a. O
(5) Not tolerate but fight with strength the in-
excusable waste, fraud and abuse of govern-
ment programs, many of which are aimed at
older Americans. (Philadelphia, 9/7/80)
(6) Support the recent move to permit payments
made to grandparents for the care of child-
ren to qualify for existing tax benefits.
(Women Today, 10/17/80)
(7) Re-evaluate laws regarding the management
of private pension plans. (Pension and In-
vestment, 10/13/80)
59
SPECIAL GROUPS
curity
(8) Help the poor and elderly meet rising fuel
me care
en such
costs by raising the cost-of-living adjust-
onal care.
ments in current programs to reflect the
mber, 1980)
significance of energy in recipients' over-
all cost of living. (Policy Statement,
1/31/80)
y Govern-
Medicare
2. HANDICAPPED AND DISABLED
ladelphia,
a. General Promises
(1) Amend Medicare and Supplemental Security In-
P older
come provisions to facilitate home care for
eir self-
the elderly and handicapped when such care
produc-
is less costly than institutional care.
Iphia, 9/7/80)
(The American Family, August/September, 1980)
romote
(2) Institute tax credits which will promote solu-
eds for
tions to the dependent care needs for children,
the eld-
for the disabled and for the elderly in or-
cticular-
der to help families, particularly those with
eholds.
single heads of households. (Women Today,
10/17/80)
te organ-
(3) Return revenue sources for special education to
the eld-
states along with the responsibility to provide
erican
those programs. (American Coalition of Citizens
with Disabilities, Spring, 1980)
(American
3. LABOR
(80)
a. Occupational Health and Safety
:h the in-
: govern-
(1) Reform OSHA. Set up an agency to research and
imed at
study how work conditions could be improved.
/7/80)
Industry could say, "We have a problem and we
seem to lose more people by accident in this
particular function. Would you come and look
ayments
f child-
at our plant and then come back and give us a
efits.
survey of what should be done." (Washington
Post, 6/5/80)
gement
(2) Not seek repeal of the Occupational Safety
and In-
and Health Act. (Campaign Literature,
10/8/80)
(3) Work to reform OSHA, strengthen its ability
to reduce job related accidents and eliminate
unnecessary regulations which decrease
health and productivity. (Campaign Litera-
ture, 10/8/80)
60
SPECIAL GROUPS
SPECIAL GROUPS
(4) Retain OSHA's punitive or compulsory author-
ity. (National Journal, 3/8/80)
(5) Encourage management and labor to form joint
safety and health committees to make the
work place a better place to produce goods
e.
and services. (Wood and Wood Products, 10/80)
(6) Require OSHA to consult with, advise and
assist businesses in coping with regulatory
burdens before imposing penalties for non-
compliance. (Wood and Wood Products, 10/80)
(7) Support efforts to relieve the textile in-
f.
dustry of regulatory burdens, such as cotton
dust standards, waste-water and air-emission
controls. (Textile World, 9/80)
(8) Exempt small businesses and employees with good
safety records from safety inspections. In-
crease penalities for those with consistently
poor performance. (Wood and Wood Products,
g.
10/80)
b. Unemployment Compensation
(1) Guarantee the integrity of the unemployment-
compensation-insurance trust fund. (U.S.
News and World Report, 10/6/80)
(2) Provide money to help ease unemployment if the
recession deepens. (Washington Post, 6/9/80)
(3) Insure that unemployment programs be fully
funded. (Motor Service, 10/80)
C. Trade Adjustment
h.
(1) Make available retraining funds where possible
under the Trade Adjustment Act. (Motor Ser-
vice, 10/80)
i.
(2) Fully fund trade adjustment assistance. (Motor
Service, 10/80)
d. Minimum Wage
(1) Seek elimination of the minimum wage. (New
York Times, 1/2/80)
61
SPECIAL GROUPS
ulsory
author-
(2) Eliminate the federal minimum wage. If Congress
will not eliminate the minimum wage, then
create a two-step minimum wage. (Business
to form joint
Week, 3/31/80)
make
the
roduce
goods
e. Antitrust
Products, 10/80)
(1) Bring labor unions under antitrust provisions.
advise
and
(New York Times, 4/23/80)
regulatory
for
non-
(2) Not extend the antitrust laws to unions. (Cam-
oducts, 10/80)
paign Literature, 10/8/80)
textile
in-
f. Right to Work
such
as
cotton
air-emission
(1) Support "right to work" laws. (Columbia
Debate, 2/28/80)
loyees with good
(2) Not seek a national "right to work" law.
Dections.
In-
(Campaign Literature, 10/80)
consistently
Products,
g. Davis Bacon
(1) Repeal the Davis-Bacon Act. (Policy State-
ment, 1/31/80)
unemployment-
(2) Not seek repeal of the Davis-Bacon Act.
(U.S.
(Campaign Literature, 10/8/80)
(3) Insist that the administration of the Davis-
ployment if the
Bacon Act be improved substantially so that
Post, 6/9/80)
the true prevailing wage in an area would
apply to any public works project affected
be fully
by the Act. (American Society of Civil
Engineers, 10/80)
h. Food Stamps
where possible
(1) Not give food stamps to striking workers.
(Motor Ser-
(Youngstown, 10/8/80)
i. Public Employees
istance. (Motor
(1) Endorse improvements in grievance procedures
and collective bargaining for public employ-
ees. (Washington, 9/17/80)
wage.
(New
(2) Not abandon the twice-a-year cost-of-living
adjustments which federal and postal retir-
ees now receive. (National Association of
Postal Supervisors, 10/17/80)
62
SPECIAL GROUPS
SPECIAL GROU
(3) Oppose strikes by public employees. (Wash-
ington, 9/17/80)
j. Retirement and Pensions
(1) Prevent a federally-sanctioned invasion of
privately-held pension funds for the pur-
pose of building a pool of bail-out monies
for companies on the brink of failure.
(Birmingham, 10/9/80)
(2) Oppose mandatory retirement laws. (American
Association of Retired Persons, 10/80)
k. General Goals
(1) Give representatives of organized labor access
to the President and consult with labor rep-
resentatives on any matter affecting the
working people of our country. (Columbus,
8/27/80)
(2) Oppose any attempt to politicize textile
labor relations for short-term political
gain. (Textile World, 9/80)
(3) Not support the intrusion of the federal gov-
ernment in traditionally state-monitored pro-
grams such as insurance and workmen's compensa-
tion and not dictate levels of some benefits
in these categories. (Federal Bar News, 10/80)
4. SMALL BUSINESS
a. Specific Pledges
(1) Replace the present corporate and individual
income tax schedules with more graduated rate
scales. Specify the graduated corporate
scales up to $500,000 and reduce the maximum
personal income tax rate to fifty percent
from seventy percent. (Greater Cleveland
Growth Association, 1980)
b
(2) Adopt a simplified, accelerated capital cost
recovery system to replace the present com-
plex Asset Depreciation Range (ADR) regula-
tions with provisions such as (a) immediate-
ly expensing capital costs less than a speci-
fied amount, (b) immediately expensing gov-
vernment mandated capital costs and (c)
creating a maximum annual benefit that may
63
SPECIAL GROUPS
be derived from the system. (Greater Cleve-
land Growth Association, 1980)
(3) Provide for a tax credit for initial invest-
ment in a small business and permit deferral
of taxes for rollovers of investment affect-
ing small businesses. (Greater Cleveland
Growth Association, 1980)
(4) Provide tax incentives in the form of a new
security called a Small Business Participat-
ing Debenture (SBPD) to provide capital
for small business. (Greater Cleveland Growth
Association, 1980)
(5) Support and urge passage of S.1860, the Small
Business Innovation Act of 1979, and compan-
SS
ion bill H.R. 5607, as presently drafted
with flexibility for minor future amendments,
covering small business research and devel-
opment set-asides; small business innovation
and research programs (as already encompassed
by H.R. 5126 and S. 1074); patents; capital
formation and retention; amendments to the
Internal Revenue Code; and regulatory flex-
ibility. (Greater Cleveland Growth Associ-
ation. 1980)
(6) Require that all government agencies which
develop fiscal, monetary, legislative and
regulatory policies/practices shall submit
0)
short business "economic impact" statements
that require the regulatory agencies to
identify the anticipated benefits and to
justify the costs of Federal regulatory re-
quirements to small business. (Greater Cleve-
land Growth Association, 1980)
(7) Maintain and reinforce the Office of Advocacy
at not less than five percent of the SBA
salary and expense budget. (Greater Cleve-
land Growth Association, 1980)
b. General Goals
(1) Take immediate action to restore the health
of small businesses. (National Retail Mer-
chants Association, 11/80)
(2) Exempt small businesses and employees with
good safety records from safety inspections.
Increase penalties for those with consis-
64
SPECIAL GROUPS
SPECIAL GRO
tently poor performance. (Wood and Wood
Products, 10/80)
(3) Work to assist all small businesses in ob-
taining capital, managerial assistance,
government procurement contracts and ex-
port opportunities. (News Bulletin
for Indian Leaders, 9/30/80)
(4) Revive our small business sector by enacting
an across-the-board cut in tax rates to re-
store the incentive to produce. Eliminate
unnecessary regulations, especially those
which inhibit small business. (American
Industrial Properties, Spring, 1980)
(5) Not favor interest rates that cripple small
businesses. (Portland, 5/19/80)
5. VETERANS
a. General Goals and Pledges
(1) Back the demands of the Veterans of Foreign
Wars for more congressional appropriations
for veterans. (Chicago, 8/18/80)
(2) Not restrict or reduce annuties for retired
6. INI
military personnel. (Association of the
United States Army News, 10/80)
a.
(3) Ask Congress to reinstate the G.I. Bill.
(TV Address, 10/19/80)
(4) Support adjustments in compensation for ser-
b.
vice-disabled veterans and for the survivors
of those who died as a result of their ser-
vice. (Campaign Literature)
C.
(5) Uphold veteran's preference in federal em-
ployment and see that it is strictly en-
forced in all federally-funded programs.
(Chicago, 8/18/80)
(6) Ensure that VA hospitals are viable and
d.
directed toward veterans' needs. (Campaign
Literature)
(7) Ensure that veterans are not denied hospital
and medical care because of the inadequate
e.
funding which has decreased the number of
65
IAL GROUPS
₫ and Wood
hospital beds and cut health-care personnel
within the VA. (Chicago, 8/18/80)
esses in oh-
sistance,
(8) Continue to keep the VA system of hospitals
ts and ex-
free and independent of a national health
letin
plan. (Chicago, 8/18/80)
(9) Improve the Veterans Administration by root-
or by enactin;
ing out waste and fraud, ensuring that bene-
rates to re-
fits and services go only to the veterans
Eliminate
who have earned them. (Campaign Literature)
ially those
(American
(10) Maintain veterans' programs for the rehabi-
1980)
litation of the disabled, for job training
and for special expanded health care for
:ripple small
Vietnam veterans. (Campaign Literature)
1)
(11) Thoroughly investigate the effects of Agent
Orange and provide adequate compensation for
veterans who were harmed by it. (Campaign
Literature)
of Foreign
(12) Provide open national cemeteries in which
ropriations
veterans can be interred near their survi-
0)
vors. (Chicago, 8/18/80)
for retired
6. INDIANS
of
the
a. Not advance Executive action nor support legisla-
tion that would provide for the seizure of tribal
.I. Bill.
jurisdictions by state authorities. (News Bulletin
for Indian Leaders, 9/30/80)
for ser-
b. Encourage and support the development of the tri-
the survivors
bal court system. (News Bulletin for Indian Lead-
their ser-
ers, 9/30/80)
C. Encourage fair and just partnerships among the tri-
federal em-
bal governments, the private sector and the feder-
ctly en-
al government in meeting the tribes' identified
rograms.
development needs. (News Bulletin for Indian
Leaders, 9/30/80)
and
d. Support tribal sovereignty and self-determination
(Campaign
for federally-recognized American Indian tribal
governments. (News Bulletin for Indian Leaders,
9/30/80)
hospital
inadequate
e. Consult with Indian leaders on the appointment of
number of
the Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian
Affairs and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
(News Bulletin for Indian Leaders, 9/30/80)
66
SPECIAL GROUPS
SPECIAL GR
f. Consider various alternative arrangements for
assuring the development of Indian policy and the
effective execution of that policy. (News Bul-
letin for Indian Leaders, 9/30/80)
g. Not initiate any legislative changes that would
alter current conditions and prohibit tribes eli-
gibile to receive general revenue sharing funds
8.
from receiving them. (News Bulletin for Indian
Leaders, 9/30/80)
h. Endorse "Indian self-determination" (P.L. 93-0638)
as a national policy. (News Bulletin for Indian
Leaders, 9/30/80)
i. Guarantee tribal governments that the Federal Gov-
ernment will not terminate or abrogate treaties
between tribes and the U.S. Government. (News
Bulletin for Indian Leaders, 9/30/80)
j. Preserve the trust responsibility (allowing Indian
people to determine tribal membership) and where
the trust responsibility brings the Reagan Admin-
istration into conflict with tribal policies con-
sider consultation with Indian governments to
recommend to Congress the repeal of laws that are
causing difficulties. (News Bulletin for Indian
Leaders, 9/30/80)
7. ETHNICS
9.
a. Jewish-American
(1) Consider making Jerusalem a state within a
state. (Conference of Presidents of Major
American Jewish Organizations, 9/16/80)
(2) Not ignore the agony of Jews in the Soviet
Union. (Washington, 9/3/80)
(3) Maintain both economic and defense assis-
tance to Israel and ensure Israel remains
strong and secure. (Washington, 9/3/80)
(4) Endorse a united Jerusalem. (Washington,
9/3/80)
(5) Not tolerate an effort to supersede Secur-
ity Council Resolutions 242 and 338.
(Washington, 9/3/80)
67
SPECIAL GROUPS
b. Italian-Americans
the
(1) Not exclude Italian-Americans from consider-
ation of positions in the executive, legis-
lative or judicial branch -- including the
Supreme Court. (Washington, 9/13/80)
8. ARTS
a. Designate one member of the White House staff to
act as liaison with the National Endowment for the
38)
Arts who can act as a catalyst within the govern-
ment to stimulate interest in and support for the
arts. (American Arts, 5/80)
b. Shift the awarding of individual grants by the
National Council of the Arts to the various arts
institutions to assure that merit and merit alone
is the criterion for making the grant. (American
Arts, 5/80)
C. Take a personal interest in encouraging individuals
and corporations to provide support to the arts.
-
(American Arts, 5/80)
d. End the politization of the National Council of
the Arts. Select members of the council on the
basis of their artistic skills rather than their
political connections. (American Arts, 5/80)
9. WOMEN
a. ERA
(1) Oppose passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.
(Statement, 10/14/80)
(2) Seek elimination of numerous federal regula-
tions that discriminate against women.
(Press Release, 10/21/80)
(3) Monitor federal laws to insure that laws
which eliminate descrimination are imple-
mented. Add to statutes if necessary.
(Press Release, 10/21/80)
(4) Support equal rights for women but not by the
Equal Rights Amendment. (Chicago, 6/20/80)
68
SPECIAL GROUPS
SPECIAL (
b. Equal Opportunity and Job Training
(1) Establish a liaison with the 50 Governors to
encourage them to eliminate, wherever it
exists, discrimination against women. (De-
troit, 7/17/80)
(2) Improve early career counseling and job
training for girls and young women to widen
opportunities for them in the world of work.
(Women Today, 10/17/80)
(3) Consider proposals to encourage the Federal
Government, the largest employer of women,
to extend job training and education oppor-
tunities to displaced homemakers. (Women
Today, 10/17/80)
(4) Support job counseling, education, and train-
ing programs that expand the opportunities
for women to make advances from entry levels
to top management in areas of employment pre-
viously closed to women. (Women Today,
10/17/80)
10
(5) Re-evaluate the conditions of women workers
concentrated in low status, low-paying jobs
so that their opportunities can be improved.
(Women Today, 10/17/80)
(6) Support total integration of the work force
to bring women equality of pay. (Women
Today, 10/17/80)
(7) Address any remaining inequities in treatment
of women under the Social Security system.
Women Today, 10/17/80)
C. Appointments
(1) Appoint intelligent, committed, qualified and
responsible women to important jobs. (State-
ment, 10/14/80)
(2) Fill one of the first Supreme Court vacancies
with the most qualified woman. (Statement,
10/14/80)
(3) Seek out women to appoint to other Federal
courts. (Statement, 10/14/80)
69
TECIAL GROUPS
(4) Work with women's organizations and coali-
tions to identify qualified women around the
Governors to
country and appoint women to important posi-
erever it
tions throughout the government. (Women To-
omen. (De-
day, 10/17/80)
(5) Reach out to knowledgeable and competent wo-
and job
men for advice on issues facing women in the
en to widen
coming decade. (Women Today, 10/17/80)
orld of work.
(6) Appoint knowledgeable and compassionate men
and women to those agencies providing ser-
the Federal
vices and support for victims of domestic
of women,
violence. (Sane News, 10/80)
tion oppor-
. (Women
d. Armed Services
(1) Not draft women should the need for a draft
n, and train-
arise. (New York Times, 2/6/80)
ortunities
entry levels
(2) Allow women to train for combat jobs. (Army
ployment pre-
Times, 10/27/80)
Today,
10. BLACK AMERICANS
men workers
a. Discrimination
paying jobs
be improved.
(1) Weigh his fight against bigotry and prejudice
against that of the most ardent civil rights
advocate. (Los Angeles Times, 3/6/80)
work force
(Women
(2) Not allow the concept of equal opportunity
to be distorted by federal guidelines or
quotas based on race, ethnicity or sex.
in treatment
Rely on ability and qualifications as the
ty system.
principal. factors in hiring or education.
(Policy Statement, 1/31/80)
(3) Continue to believe in equal opportunity.
Prevent discrimination against any Americans
qualified and
because of race, ethnic background, sex or
obs. (State-
religion in hiring, education or in any
other way. (Policy Statement, 1/31/80)
irt vacancies
(4) Monitor federal laws to insure laws which
Statement,
eliminate discrimination are implemented.
Add to statutes if necessary. (Press Release,
10/21/80)
Federal
70
SPECIAL GROUPS
SPEC
(5) Remain committed to the protection and en-
forcement of the civil rights of Black Amer-
icans. Weave this commitment into every
phase of proposed programs. (New York City,
8/5/80)
(6) Vigorously support federal action against in-
tentional discrimination in education.
(Wheaton, 10/8/80)
b. General Goals
(1) Adopt the goal of making Black Americans more
economically independent through Black en-
terprise and lasting meaningful jobs in the
private sector. (New York City, 8/5/80)
(2) Improve the conditions of all Americans, es-
pecially Black Americans. Pursue a policy of
ensuring equal rights and of opening up new
and expanded job opportunities through eco-
nomic growth. (Policy Statement, 1/31/80)
11. HISPANICS
a. Mexico and Puerto Rico
(1) Establish a North American accord between
Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Invite each
of our neighbors to send a special repre-
sentative to sit in on our government's
high level planning sessions, as partners,
mutually concerned about the future of our
Continent. Then immediately seek the views
and ideas of Canadian and Mexican leaders
on this issue and work tirelessly with them
to develop closer ties among our people.
Develop methods of working closely together
by laying the foundations for future coop-
eration on a broader and more significant
scale. Put to rest any doubts of those cyni-
cal enough to believe that the U.S. would
seek to dominate any relationship among
these countries. (New York City, 11/13/79)
71
SPECIAL GROUPS
and en-
ack Amer-
(2) Favor statehood for Puerto Rico and if the
people of Puerto Rico vote for statehood,
every
initiate the enabling legislation to make
ork City,
statehood a reality. (New York City,
11/13/79)
gainst in-
b. Undocumented Workers and Refugees
on.
(1) Document the undocumented workers' and make
them legal by having them enter our country
with visas. Permit them to come here and
icans more
remain for whatever length of time they want
ack en-
to stay. (Harlingen, 9/16/80)
$ in the
6/80)
(2) Not place limits on the number of Mexicans
entering the United States. (San Jose
:ans, es-
Mercury, 9/26/80)
policy of
I up new
(3) Not refuse to accept Cuban refugees. (Lub-
gh eco-
bock, 4/10/80)
31/80)
C. Bilingual Education
(1) Oppose efforts to end bilingual education.
( Los Angeles, 9/26/80)
tween
12. HOMOSEXUALS
each
epre-
a. Not subject employers to special laws (such as "gay
t's
ordinances" passed in some cities) which, in ef-
thers,
fect, would compel the employer to hire a person
of our
because of that person's sexual preference. (Out,
= views
10/23/80)
iders
:h them
b. Insure that both federal hiring and private hiring
»le.
are based on which applicant can do the best job
gether
and not upon a person's private life. (Out,
coop-
10/23/80)
cant
e cyni-
C. Make sure that government does not interfere with
ould
the private lives of Americans. (Out, 10/23/80)
ng
13/79)
d. Not advocate the so-called gay life style but sup-
port the civil rights of all citizens. (Out,
10/23/80)
72