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    "title": "Visions of the Future from Leading Thinkers [Binder] [2]",
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        "Records of the Domestic Policy Council (Clinton Administration)",
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    "ocrText": "Over the past year we have been able to demonstrate that a plasma loading\nEvolving Deuterium,\" S. Szpak (Navy), J.J. Smith (DOE), J.\nmethod produces an exciting and unexpected amount of tritium from small\nElectroanalytical Chemistry, 302 (March 11, 1991), pp. 255-260.\npalladium wires. In contrast to electrochemical hydrogen or deuterium load-\ning of palladium, this method yields a reproducible tritium generation rate\nThree sets of preliminary experimental results are presented here. i.e., the\nwhen various electrical and physical conditions are met. We will show tri-\nproduction of excess enthalpy, the production of tritium, and the presence of\ntium generation rates for deuterium-palladium foreground runs that are up\nsome form of radiation.\nto 25 times larger than hydrogen-palladium control experiments using mate-\nrials from the same batch. [See also, \"Tritium Evolution from Various\nNASA Lewis (Glenn) Research Center\nMorphologies of Deuterated Palladium,\" Proceedings of the Fourth\n7.\nInternational Conference on Cold Fusion, December 6-9, 1993, Maui, Hawaii,\n'Replication of the Apparent Excess Heat Effect in a Light\nEdited by Y.O. Passell, EPRI TR-104188, July 1994.]\nWater-Potassium Carbonate-Nickel Electrolytic Cell,\" by Janis\n2.\nElectrolytic Tritium Production,\" by Edmund Storms and\nM. Niedra, Ira T. Meyers, Gustave C. Fralick, and Richard S.\nCarol Talcott, Fusion Technology, Vol. 17, July 1990, pp. 680-695.\nBaldwin, NASA Technical Memorandum 107167, February 1996.\nFifty-three electrolytic cells of various configurations and electrode compo-\nReplication of experiments claiming to demonstrate excess heat production\nsitions were examined for tritium production. Significant tritium was found\nin light water-Ni-K₂CO₃ electrolytic cells was found to produce an apparent\nin 11 cells at levels between 1.5 and 80 times the starting concentration after\nexcess heat of 11 watts maximum for 60 W electrical power into the cell.\nenrichment corrections are made.\nPower gains ranged from 1.06 to 1.68\n3.\n\"Review of Experimental Observations About the Cold\nSRI International and Electric Power Research Institute\nFusion Effect,\" by Edmund Storms, Fusion Technology, Vol.20,\n8.\n\"Development of Advanced Concepts for Nuclear\nDecember 1991, pp. 433-477.\nProcesses in Deuterated Metals,\" M.C.H. McKubre, et al., EPRI\nThe experimental literature describing the cold fusion phenomenon is reviewed.\nTR-104195, Research Project 3170-01, Final Report, August 1994,\nThe number and variety of careful experimental measurements of heat, tritium,\n128 pages, plus 342 pages on microfiche.\nneutron, and helium production strongly support the occurrence of nuclear reac-\ntions in a metal lattice near room temperature, as proposed by Pons and\nThis work confirms the claims of Fleischmann, Pons, and Hawkins of the\nFleischmann, and independently by Jones.\nproduction of excess heat in deuterium-loaded palladium cathodes at levels\ntoo large for chemical transformation. Although nuclear reaction products\nNaval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division,\ncommensurate with the excess heat have not yet been observed, small but\ndefinite evidence of nuclear reactions have been detected at levels some 40\nResearch Department, Chemistry Division and\norders of magnitude greater than predicted by conventional nuclear theory.\nUniversity of Texas, Department of Chemistry\n4.\nAnomalous Effects Involving Excess Power, Radiation,\n9.\n\"Isothermal Flow Calorimetric Investigations of the D/Pd\nand Helium Production During D₂O Electrolysis Using\nand H/Pd Systems,\" M.C.H. McKubre, S. Crouch-Baker, R.C.\nPalladium Cathodes,\" by Melvin H. Miles, Benjamin F. Bush,\nRocha-Filho, S.I. Smedley, F.L. Tanzella, T.O. Passell, and J.\nand Joseph J. Lagowski, Fusion Technology, Vol. 25, July 1994, pp.\nSantucci, Journal of Electroanaytical Chemistry, 368, 1994, pp.55-66.\n478-486.\nthe generation of \"excess power\" was observed in a series of deuterium-\nbased experiments, but not in a hydrogen-based experiment. The results of\nPrevious experiments showed that eight electrolysis gas samples collected\nthese experiments enable several (tentative) conclusions to be reached con-\nduring episodes of excess power production in two identical cells contained\ncerning the conditions necessary for the reproducible observation of this\nmeasurable amounts of ⁴He while six control samples gave no evidence for\nanomalous thermal effect.\nhelium This places the 4He production rate at 10¹¹ to 10¹² atom/s per watt\n10.\nSteven Weinberg, New York Review of Books, Oct. 21, 1999.\nof excess power, which is the correct magnitude for typical fusion reactions\nthat yield helium as a product Simultaneous evidence for excess power,\n11.\nSwartz, Dr. Mitchell R., \"Re-Examination of a Key Cold\nhelium production, and anomalous radiation was present in these experi-\nments. Completely new experiments with more precise helium measure-\nFusion Experiment: 'Phase-II' Calorimetry by the MIT Plasma\nments are reported that again show simultaneous evidence for excess power,\nFusion Center,\" Fusion Facts, August 1992, pp. 27-40.\nhelium production, and anomalous radiation.\n12.\nSwartz, Dr. Mitchell R., \" A Method to Improve Algorithms\n5.\n\"Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Systems,\" by Melvin H.\nUsed to Detect Steady State Excess Enthalpy,\" Proceedings:\nMiles, Benjamin F. Bush, and Kendall B. Johnson, NAWCWPNS\nFourth International Conference on Cold Fusion (December 6-9,\nTechnical Publication 8302, September 1996, 99 pages.\n1993, Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii), and in Transactions of Fusion\nExcess power was measured in 28 out of 94 electrochemical experiments\nTechnology, Vol. 26, December 1994, pp. 369-372.\nconducted using palladium or palladium-alloy cathodes in heavy water.\nResults from our laboratory indicate that helium-4 is the missing nuclear\n13.\nSwartz, Dr. Mitchell R., \"Some Lessons from Optical\nproduct accompanying the excess heat. Thirty out of 33 experiments showed\nExamination of the PFC Phase-II Calorimetric Curves,\na correlation between either excess power and helium production or no\nProceedings: Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion\nexcess power and no excess helium. The collection of the electrolysis gases\nin both glass and metal flasks place the helium-4 production rate at 10¹¹ to\n(December 6-9, 1993, Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii).\n10¹² atoms per second per watt of excess power. This is the correct magni-\n14.\nNoninski, Drs. V.C. and C.I. \"Comments on Measurement\ntude for typical deuteron fusion reactions that yield helium-4 as a product.\nand Analysis of Neutron and Gamma Ray Emission Rates,\nAnomalous radiation was detected in some experiments by the use of X-ray\nfilms, Geiger-Mueller counters, and by the use of sodium iodide detectors.\nOther Fusion Products, and Power, in Electrochemical Cells\nThere was never any significant production of tritium in any of our experi-\nHaving Palladium Cathodes,\" Fusion Technology, Vol. 19, May\nments.\nOur results provide compelling evidence that the anomalous\n1991, pp. 579-580.\neffects in deuterated systems are real. is highly unlikely that our heat and\nhelium correlations could be due to random errors. Our best experiments\n15.\nMiles, Melvin H., B.F. Bush, and D. Stillwell, \"Calorimetric\nproduced up to 30% excess heat, 0.52 watts of excess power, and 1400 kilo-\njoules (kJ) of excess enthalpy. This amount of excess enthalpy is difficult to\nPrinciples and Problems in Measurements of Excess Power\nexplain by any chemical reaction.\nAnomalous\nradiation\nwas\ndetected\nin\nDuring Pd-D₂O Electrolysis,\" J. Physical Chemistry, Feb. 17, 1994,\nsome experiments by the use of X-ray films, several different types of\npp. 1948-1952.\nGeiger-Mueller (GM) counters, and sodium iodide (Nal) detectors. Normal\nradiation counts were always observed when no electrolysis experiments\n16.\nHansen, Wilford N. and M.E. Melich, \"Pd/D Calorimetry-\nwere running.\nThe Key to the F/P Effect and a Challenge to Science,\" Proceedings:\nNaval Ocean Systems Center and\nFourth International Conference on Cold Fusion (December 6-9, 1993,\nU.S. Department of Energy (Washington)\nLahaina, Maui, Hawaii), and in Transactions of Fusion\n6.\n\"On the Behavior of Pd Deposited in the Presence of\nTechnology, Vol. 26, December 1994, pp. 355-368.\n7"
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