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    "ocrText": "/\n-8-\n/\nA study by the National Center for Education Statistics in 1993-1994,\nfound that 70% of schools did not offer extended learning programs.\nWHAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS DOING\nOutlined below are the primary ways that Federal policy has sought to improve\nthe affordability, availability, and quality of child care.\n(Note: These descriptions of current policy draw heavily on the CRS Issue Brief: Child\nCare Legislation in the 105th Congress.)\nSTRATEGIES TO IMPROVE AFFORDABILITY & SUPPLY OF CARE\nThe Child Care and Development Block Grant\nThe Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) is the primary Federal\nprogram that supports child care. The CCDBG was created in 1990 and reauthorized\nand significantly expanded in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity\nReconciliation Act of 1996. In the House, both the Committee on Ways and Means and\nthe Committee on Education and the Workforce have jurisdiction over this program.\nThe CCDBG provides block grants to States, based on formulae, to provide child\ncare subsidies to low-income families. Families meet Federal eligibility guidelines if\nthey are working or in training, earn less than 85% of State Median Income (SMI), and\nhave a child under age 13. Under this definition, approximately 10 million children are\neligible for child care subsidies under CCDBG.\nHowever, most States set their eligibility lower than 85% of SMI, due to the\nheavy demands placed on the funds by families at lower income levels. States are also\nrequired to target 70% of the funds to families who receive public assistance, are\ntransitioning off public assistance, or are at risk of going onto public assistance. States\nare required to match a portion of the Federal funding, based on the Federal Medical\nAssistance Percentage rate and meet maintenance of effort requirements.\nStates generally provide care through vouchers and certificates that allow\nparents to place their children in the care of the provider of their choice, whether it is\ncenter-based care, a family home provider, or, in some States, relative care. However,\nproviders are required to meet all applicable licensing standards as set by the State.\nWhere the supply of care is inadequate to meet the needs of families, some States"
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