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THE WASHINGTON POST WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15, 1998 Mismatch on Children's Health N SETTING UP a new children's health children currently eligible for Medicaid re- I program last year, Congress rightly tried ceive it. The data are such that no one can be to make sure that it would benefit those in sure of the number; the study says it could be genuine need. The money could be used only anywhere from 1.6 million to 4.7 million. for children from families below certain in- These children are currently insured only in come levels-in most cases, twice the federal theory. Perhaps some of the money from the poverty line. Within that income group, it was new program could be used to induce the further limited to those not already eligible for states to cover them in fact, the study sug- Medicaid or covered by private insurance. The gests-help pay the state share of enrolling goal was to reduce the number of children them in Medicaid. without insurance rather than bail out the But the authors note that even that is an states or private employers by picking up uncertain device, since in the poor states in the premiums for children already insured. South and elsewhere that tend to have high The targeting was commendable, but now it concentrations of uninsured children, the fed- turns out it may have been overdone. A study eral government even now pays an extra-high by scholars at the Urban Institute says there is share of Medicaid costs. If that hasn't already money enough in the program-about $24 induced the states to broaden their Medicaid billion over five years-to insure about twice programs, how much difference are a few as many children as the rules leave eligible. percentage points more likely to make? The money is estimated to be enough to insure There are millions of uninsured children in almost 6 million; the number eligible is not the country, and there is money enough in this much more than 3 million. The risk is that if program to cut the number by more than half. the rules aren't sensibly eased, the program The trick is in matching the money to the kids. will end up doing a lot less good than it either It's too early to be completely sure, but the could or should. administration and Congress may want to go A major part of the problem is that not all back to the drawing board on that.