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HRC [Hillary Rodham Clinton]/Summit of the Americas [12/10/94] [3]
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unicef
Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia
Nations Children's Fund
P.2
FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION FORM
SD/PRO/59-94
21 OCTOBER, 1994
ROBERT J. LEDOGAR
BENIOR PLANNING OFFICER
M:
AIDA
OLIVER aida Oliver
OFFICER IN CHARGE
UNICEP-SANTO DOMINGO
UBJECT: TRANSLATION FROM SPANISH TO ENGLISH
OF DECLARATION OF ST. LUCIA
Annexed please find a non-official translation of the
abovementioned declaration, produced by this office. We contacted
the Office of the First Lady of Paraguay to determine if there was
an available. official translation, but were told that it was not readily
Also, Mr. Adorna will send to you on Monday, October 24, a copy of
the corresponding trip report for the St. Lucia Conference.
Best regards.
AO/nm
Oficina para la República Dominicana
266 Andres Ayber Castellanos
Prolong. Mexico) No. 165
Apariado Postal 1649
Trd 640-2868
FROM
16:04
YY! 51 24 15:26 UNICEF STO DGO
P.2
IV CONFERENCE OF WIVES OF HEADS OF STATE
AND GOVERNMENTS OF THE AMERICAS
11-13 OCTOBER, 1994
CASTRIES, ST. LUCIA
(Unofficial Translation)
DECLARATION OF ST. LUCIA
We, the Wives of Heads of State and Governments,
Representatives of Governments and First Ladies of the Americas,
meating in St. Lucia, recognizing that there is a need to work
together to actively support the initiatives and social policies
directed at the most vulnerable sectors of our society, hereby
declare that the strengthening of the integration and cooperation
processes of our nations will be the results of actions directed at
improving the quality of life of the population.
our joint efforts in benefit of the social development of the
nations of the Americas has as a main purpose the identification of
problems, the introduction of solutions and the strengthening of
national programmes which will allow for us to meet the goals of
suctainable development.
Adopting as our own the preocoupations and analysis debated in
meetings held previously in Venezuela, Colombia and Costa Rica, as
well as the declarations and agreements to carry out pertinent
actions, we come together to give a sound of alert on the rapid
increase of poverty of the peoples of Latin America and the
caribbean.
In accordance with the role currently being carried out by
women in society, our responsibilities in the past decade have
evolved towards the promotion of actions, projects and programmes
for social development focusing on the technical and professional
aspects. We therefore,
REAFFIRM our commitment to support actions which will
completely favour the human rights of women and promote the
necessary changes in current legislation, according to the
Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination
Against Women.
RECOMMEND the signing and ratification of the Inter-American
Convention to Prevent, Sanction and Eradicate Violence Against
Women ("Convencion de Belom do Pará"), adopted on June 9, 1994, in
the 24th Ordinary Session of the OAS Genaral Assembly, held in
Brazil, and support actions to guarantee the implementation of the
Convention.
VALUE the efforts being carried out by those nations that have
made concrete gains in legislation on women, especially in those
issues related to intra-family violenoa, where the principle
victims are women, children and adolescents as well as other
of household.
advances that benefit and recognite the rights of the woman as head
the necessary changes for the incorporation of women under
PROPOSE supporting actions which will contribute to carry out
conditions of equal opportunities, identifying the cultural and
socio-economic barriers which impact and discriminate against
women, and also develop educational actions which will prepare her
for decimion-making in various forms.
AGREE that measures must be taken to initiate or consolidate
the execution of the projects and regional initiatives which have
been presented at this meeting, such as, "Training Modules to
Prevent the Incorrect Use of Psychotropic Substances by Street
Children (WHO), Project for Rural Women (IICA-IDB), Project on
Child Labor in Latin America (ILO), Prevention of Pregnancies in
Adolescents (UNFPA), and the Project "Latin America Against Cancer"
(ALICC-European Commission).
We also agree to meet with the pertinent entities to develop
projects in the following areas: Detection of Cervix-Uterine and
Breast Cancer, Literacy Support Campaigns for Adult Women,
Development Projects for Rural Women, Consciousness-Awareness
Campaign to Combat Violence Against Women, the Child and Family.
WE MAKE THE COMMITMENT to support actions SQ that the
proposals presented in the preparatory meetings of the Fourth World
Conference on Women, to be held in Beijing on September, 1995, will
be included in our work agenda.
WE PROPOSE a Pro Tempore Secretariat conformed by the outgoing
country, the current host country and the future host. The
Secretariat's function will be to coordinate and organize the
annual meeting in the future host's country.
WE AGREE to adopt, for future Conferences, a central theme for
debate to be analyzed in-depth by the participants.
WE RECOGNIZE the importance of the efforts carried out by the
Former First Ladies and their technical advisors in the
constitution and organization of these meetings of Heads of State
and Governments of the Americas.
WE ADOPT as the symbol of these Conferences the logo of the
present Fourth Conference, in order for these meetings to be
identified with a uniform logo.
WE CONGRATULATE and thank our host, Mrs. Janice Compton and
the Government of St. Lucia for organizing and carrying out this
Conference, recognizing their tremendous efforts to guarantee the
success of the Conference, in spite of the havoc created by
Tropical storm Debbie.
private institutions of St. Lucia for their financial and technical and
WE THANK the international organizations, the public
support to carry out the Conference.
Paraguay to have her country host the Fifth Conference of Wives of
WE ACCEPT the proposal of the First Lady of the Republic of
Heads of State and Governments of the Americas, to be held in 1995,
and we gracefully thank the First Lady of the Republic of Bolivia
will be held in 1996.
for proposing to have her country host the Six Conference, which
Castries, St. Lucia
13 October, 1994
OCT 21 '94 15:30 UNICEF STO DGO
P.2
LIST OF SIGNATORIES
1.
Norma Y. Hughes
First Lady of Anguilla
2.
Selmire Mireya Regaszoli
Country Representative from Argentina
3.
Kathleen Esquivel
First Lady of Belize
4.
Ruth Elaine Thomas
country Representative from Bermuda
5.
Ximena de Sanchez de Lozada
First Lady of Bolivia
6.
Gilda Mari Ramos Guimaraes
Country Representative from Brazil
7.
Marta Larraechea de Frei
First Lady of Chile
8.
Jacquin Stross de Samper
First Lady of Colombia
9.
Josette Altmann de Figueres
First Lady of Costa Rica
10. Vilma Espin Guillois
Country Representative from Cuba
11. Susan Jacinta Snuere
Country Representative from Curacao
12. Josefina Villalobos de Duran-Ballan
First Lady of Equador
13. Elisabeth de Calderon Sol
First Lady of El Salvador
14. Gladys Annabella Morfin
Country Representative from Guatemala
15. Janet Jagan
First Lady of Guyana
16. Bessie Watson de Raina
First Lady of Honduras
17. Ivy Sylvia Cooke
First Lady of Jamaica
OCT 21 '94 15:31 UNICEF STO DGO
P.3
18. Maria Auxiliadora Matus
Country Representative from Nicaragua
19. Dora Boyd de Peres Balladares
First Lady of Panama
20. Maria Teresa Carrasco de Wasmosy
Country Representative from Paraguay
21. Elisabeth Astete Patino
country Representative from Peru
22. Jacqueline Malagon Luna
Country Representative from the Dominican Republic
23. Lady Evelyn Arrindell
First Lady of st. Kitts/Nevis
24. Lady Lucille James
First Lady of st. Lucia
25. Juilette A. Campbell
Country Representative
st. Vincent and the Grenadines
26. Liasbeth Venetiaan Vanenbu
First Lady of Suriname
27. Zalayhar Hasanali
First Lady of Trinidad and Tobago
28. Lady Joan Harrigan Farrelly
First Lady of U.S. Virgin Islands
29. Diana de Veer de Caldera
Country Representative
Venesuela
***END***
The Harvard Crimson
THE UNIVERSITY DAILY
-
FOUNDED
1873
MARION B. GAMMILL'95, President
STEPHEN E FRANK '95, Editorial Chrir
JOE MATHEWS '95, Managing Editor
MATTHEW T. SEVICK 95. Business Manager
GUEST COMMENTARY
Clinton Wins for Women
By Lynn Cutler
I
immediately following the elections
Our chief law enforcement agency,
country faced several major economic
of Nov. 8, we can expect a spate of
the Department of Justice, is headed by
challenges, including rising federal
articles, columns, editorials and
Janet Reno-the First women attorney
deficit and increasing loss of jobs.
punditry regarding the presidency of
general Her deputy and seven of the 11
Female heads of households, an ever-
Bill Clinton. We will see a dissection of
assistant attorneys general are women.
increasing portion of the labor force
the last 20 months, with a good dose of
This impacts the view of women's safe-
(which is 47 percent female). were par-
Monday morning quarterback "spiti"
ty by our government With the pas-
ticularly hard hit by a workening econ-
and predictions about the remainder of
sage (because of the firm stand of our
omy- The president's economic plan
his term. The inevitable handicapping
president) of the Violent Crime Con-
has begun to put our economic house
of the 1996 election will begin.
trol and Law Enforcement Act this
back in order. There are nearly 43 mil-
What we will not see much of is the
year. the Violence Against Women Act
lion new jobs in the first 19 months of
good news for American women. We
became law. This invests heavily in the
this administration, and the president's
could spend a great deal of time talking
personal security of women by provid.
plan is reducing the deficit by nearly
about why that is urue, but more
ing sure police, prosecutors and sci-
$700 billion over five years.
important is what that good news is.
vices in cases involving sexual violence
Along with the overall plan to revi-
Clinton has more women in his
or domestic abuse
talize the economy. the administration
cabinet, in his governmental appointees
From his very first day in office.
has encouraged the formation and
and in the judiciary than have been in
Clinton has worked to promote free-
development of women-owned busi-
place at any other time in our history.
dom of choice for women He repealed
nesses. Women business owners cur-
Every day these women make a differ-
the "gag rule" that restricted abortion
rently own 40 percent of all businesses:
ence for all women in this country and
counseling at federally funded family
women are starting businesses at one-
for their families.
planning clinics. The Republicans have
In appointments of the most senior
threatened to reinstate the gag rule" in
positions in our government, over 30
their "Contract with America." The
percent are women. and in all of Clin-
president repealed the Mexico City poli-
ton's appointments, 47 percent, nearly
cy that banned funding to international
half. are women. For the first time in
organizations that promoted compre-
our history, WC have parity in decision
hasive Limily planning. and signed the
making roles in our government Many
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances
of rhese appointees hold titles never
Act to cnsure that women and their
before held by women They are run-
doctors can enter clinics without fearing
ning departments and designing policy
intimidation and violence And the
in what have been traditionally male
Department of Health and Human Ser-
positions. Clinton's recognition and
vices, headed by Secretary Donna Sha-
understanding of the contributions
lala. implemented + change to the livde
women can make in all areas of govern-
Amendment obligating states to pay for
ment and society has made an enor-
abortions for poor women whose preg-
mous difference for all of US.
nancies result from rape or incest. or
Some of the most dramatic and far-
endanger the life of the mother.
reaching gains for women in the Clinton
The first piece of legislation the
administration have been the appoint-
president signed. after 10 years of veto
ments to the judiciary. of the 143 people
and haygling by the Republicans. was
nominated to the federal bench, the
the Family and Medical Leave Act. This
president named 44 women All three
legislation gives working people free-
previous presidents combined did not
dom for the first time to take time from
and-a-half times the rate ot their male.
name half of that number. The appoint-
work to stay with a sick parent or child
counterparts and employ 11 million
ment that will affect our lives for the
and knew their job is secure
workers-more than the Fortune 500
longest period of time is that of Ruth
When the president took office. the
companies. Women business owners
Hader Glasburg to the Supreme Court
need access to capital. and the Clinton
administration has taken unprecedented
steps to create opportunities for them.
/TO.O.
00:91
10/10/IT
The Small Business Administration
mentally-induced problems. The Clin-
(SBA) has taken several steps to
ton administration has launched a vari-
increase the capital available to women-
ety of programs to improve preventive
owned firms. The SBA has established
care for women While the Congress
goals for dramatically expanding lend-
failed to pass health reform legislation
ing to these firms, increasing the num-
this year, the president and the first
ber of loans to women from 3,880 in
lady will continue to light for спасt-
1993 to 7,211 in 1994. With other ini-
ment
tiatives by the SBA to help women
In the meantime. federal funding
business owners, and the expansion of
for breast cancer research and preven-
opportunities for women-owned busi-
tion has been increased-to $650 mil-
nesses to obtain government contracts.
lion in fiscal 1994. in addition, the
along with increased technical assis-
National Action Plan on Breast Cancer
tance, women are making serious new
provides a blueprint for a partnership
long-term gains.
between the government and the pri-
In addition, with the passage of the
vate sector to work to prevent. diag-
Earned Income Tax Credit, (linton ini-
nose, treat and ultimately eliminate
tiated the best, comprehensive method
breast cancer.
of supplying initiatives for low-income
With the Women's Health Initiative,
families to begin to move ahead Incen-
the administration launched the largest
tive, rather than punitive tax policy,
clinical research study ever conducted
became the way for the working poor
on either men or women to examine the
to make real gains.
major causes of death. disability and
Women are the care givers, respon-
frailty in post-menopausal women
sible not only for their own health but
heart disease. breast and colon cancer
also for the health of their children,
and osteoporosis. An emphasis to
spouses and parents. As a result, wom-
include minority women at each clinical
en know how important it is to keep
site is a component of the study.
health care reform at the top of our
Education, housing, and every other
national agenda.
area of our lives is being impacted by
Despite being the biggest consumers
the women the president has appointed
of health care services, women have a
to carry out the policies and the cont-
harder time getting health coverage
mitment he has to a better quality of
than men. They are more likely to work
life and equality of opportunity for the
part-time and in pink-collar jobs with-
women of America-
out health insurance: of the 16 million
It will be up to us to tell people
women without coverage in 1990, half
about these initiatives and the work of
had uninsured jobs. Those lucky
the president on our behalf. It's good
enough to have insurance pay more;
news and therefore we probably won't
women aged 15 to 44 pay 68 percent
read it on the front pages of our news-
more out-of-pocket for health care
papers. Women have a responsibility to
than their male counterparts.
spread the word-our day as full citi-
All of this at a time when women
zens is coming much faster because wr
are increasingly afflicted with AIDS.
elected Bill Clinton.
with breast cancer (one in 20 women
20 years ago to one in eight today),
Lynn Cutler. former vice-chair of the
with increased incidence of heart dis-
Democratic National Committee. is fel-
ease and with greater risks of environ-
low at the Institute of Politics.
003
INST OF POLITICS
4344 496 2'617
19:31
110/19
Draft Concept Paper
Summit of the Americas
Symposium on Healthy and Educated Children
for First Ladies
Purpose: To provide the First Ladies attending the Summit of the
Americas with the opportunity to discuss issues on the official
agenda of the Summit -- health and education -- as they affect
children, to give them the opportunity to exchange experiences of
challenges and achievements in these areas, and to present to the
press and the public their concerns and views of how these issues
can best be addressed in the Hemisphere.
Scene: First Lady Hillary Clinton and up to 30 First Ladies from
the Hemisphere will attend the symposium. There will be a
plenary session of roughly 1 hour and 15 minutes in which Mrs.
Clinton will make introductory remarks, followed by a video
prepared by UNICEF (description attached at Appendix A), followed
by an overview of the challenges and achievements in children's
education and health in the Americas. There will then be roughly
15 minutes for a brief discussion of these issues.
The First Ladies will then break up into three or four
discussion groups focussing on specific issues of children's
education and health. (See a list of possible topics at Appendix
B.) For each topic and discussion group, there will be an expert
present to facilitate discussion and act as a resource person.
(See a list of potential experts at Appendix C.) A possible goal
for these groups could be to share information about successful
models for addressing some of the problems outlined in the
plenary session.
Participants will reconvene after approximately one and one
half hours for lunch. The program for lunch could follow one of
three forms: the conversations in working groups could continue;
chairs of working groups could report to the entire group on
their discussions; or there could be a keynote speaker.
Depending on the time available, a combination of the above might
be possible. The lunch program might focus on ways to expand or
replicate successful models.
At some time after the lunch, there will be a press
conference where several of the First Ladies will present a
statement reflecting the themes and conclusions of the morning
and lunch discussions. The press release will tie into the
broader themes of the Summit. (See Appendix D for some thoughts
on the form and content.) (The content of the press release and
the participants in the press conference will have to be
finalized at some point during the program if not agreed on in
advance.)
The First Ladies will be provided with a briefing book with
information on the issues to be discussed. (For an outline of a
briefing book, see Appendix E.)
Follow-up: Given sufficient interest on the part of the First
Ladies in following-up the Summit of the Americas, a number of
possibilities (requiring different levels of resource commitment)
could be considered:
--a rapporteur's report on this first meeting of the First
Ladies of the Americas, the issues they discussed and the
conclusions they reached. This could be published as a booklet
(with pictures, sidebars, quotations, etc., in the several
languages of the Americas) to be distributed widely.
considered in Miami) in the context of the existing
conference of Wives of Heads of State and Government
--a follow-up discussion (to assess progress on the the
Americas scheduled to be held in Paraguay next year.
(There
is
a
question of whether all countries in the region are members of
this organization; this would have to be explored before
proposing this follow-up.) This organization has a mechanism in
invited imtg. Previous
place for implementing and monitoring projects through the Office
of the First Lady in individual countries.
--an agreement that First Ladies will consult with their
countries' delegates to next year's World Summit for Children to
ensure that their agenda is pursued in that forum.
--an agreement to hold future ad hoc discussions among
interested First Ladies on particular issues considered in Miami.
These discussions might be linked to other events in the
hemisphere related to the particular issue.
--an agreement to have First Ladies visit counterparts in
other countries to learn more about and highlight successful
models or to draw attention to and provoke action on particular
issues.
--the creation of a communications vehicle for the First
Ladies of the Americas -- a periodic newsletter of some type,
highlighting activities of First Ladies involving the issues
discussed in Miami and others of interest. This could be a means
of creating a measure of solidarity and collaboration among First
Ladies in the region. It could also serve as a focus of periodic
publicity benefitting the First Ladies. The vehicle could be a
publication or even some sort of computer network, a la internet.
(Some First Ladies may not have their own computer setup. But
they could have easy access to one
or we could arrange for
them to have their own equipment.) Where there is enough
enthusiasm, there might be possibilities of using hemispheric
wide cable TV (Univision?) or other electronic communications
facilities for periodic events focussing on the activities of
First Ladies in the areas of health and education.
Appendix A: Description of UNICEF Video
The UNICEF video will be approximately 10 minutes long and will
provide a general overview of the problems facing children in our
Hemisphere and the major efforts underway to address those
problems. It will be produced by Steve Anderson, who produces the
Rights & Wrongs piece on PBS. The basic outline is as follows:
1. One minute on major problems facing children in the Americas,
including health, nutrition, sanitation, education, and violence.
2. Several minutes on this hemisphere's commitment to addressing
these problems, focussing on the 1990 summit, development of
national plans of action, the Narino Accord, and various
initiatives in the hemisphere.
3. A listing of issues that need to be addressed, focussing on
health and education issues.
Appendix B: Possible Topics for Discussion at the First Ladies
Symposium
OVERVIEW
In order to improve the health and education of children in
the hemisphere, a variety of challenges remain. Among the most.
critical health issues facing mothers and children in the region
today are the needs to improve basic services for children, to
advance safe motherhood, to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission, and to
improve equitable access to services through health care reform.
Among the most significant challenges in educating the children
of the Americas are providing children with adequate nutrition
and nurturing in their early childhood, providing access to
education to all children, and maintaining a quality of education
that keeps children in school and prepares them for productive
lives. In each of these areas, critical gaps remain.
Nonetheless, there have been successes and, to a great extent, we
know how to meet these challenges if we can mobilize the
political will, creativity and resources to do so.
Major Health Issues:
Basic Health Services for Children
Safe Motherhood
Access to Health Care for All
HIV/AIDS
Cross-cutting Health/Education Issues:
Early Childhood Development
Youth Lifestyles
Major Education Issues:
Access to Education and School Completion for All Children
Quality and Relevance of Education
More detailed discussions of these issues follow.
HEALTH
Basic services for children: Infant and child mortality, despite
steady declines, remain high in many Latin American and Caribbean
countries, especially among disadvantaged populations. Half a
million infant deaths--more than 15 times the U.S. total--occur
annually in the region, most of them preventable. Major
achievements to date have been in the "soft" goals, related to
high-impact yet simple technologies such as vaccinations and, to
a lesser extent, controlling diarrhea through oral rehydration.
The challenge now is to move to more difficult interventions such
as managing pneumonia and improving nutritional status (including
micronutrients) and the "hard" goals such as neonatal mortality,
which require more complex interventions, while sustaining the
gains already achieved. The region-wide effort to eradicate
polio, which led to the recent achievement of interrupting
transmission throughout the hemisphere was a model of
cooperation, partnership and participation. Now we need to
expand and adapt this model to measles, which the region has
committed to eliminating by 2000 and to focus on interventions to
control diarrhea, pneumonia and neonatal infections, and to
improve nutrition.
Safe motherhood: Maternal deaths remain unconscionably high in
Latin American and the Caribbean, with average rates more than 20
times higher than those in the U.S. Moreover, because fertility
rates are also higher in the region, a woman's lifetime risk of
dying from maternal causes averages 35 times higher in the
region, and, in some countries, is more than 100 times higher.
To reduce the risks, prenatal care, referral systems and
emergency obstetric care need to be improved and expanded, and
the access and use of voluntary family planning information and
services need to be increased. A recent pilot program in
Inquisivi, Bolivia, which utilized a number of these approaches,
showed a decrease in maternal and perinatal deaths and a marked
increase in modern contraceptive use.
HIV/AIDS: The HIV/AIDS pandemic is advancing rapidly in Latin
America and the Caribbean, with an estimated 2 million infections
to date (expected to reach 3 million by the year 2000) in
addition to at least 1 million so far in North America.
Furthermore, the epidemic has shifted to predominantly
heterosexual transmission in most countries with concomitant
increases in infected women and their children. In part because
of the long incubation period, in many countries, there is little
awareness of the magnitude of the threat, which has grave
implications economic development as well as health. It is,
therefore, important to heighten awareness and mobilize political
will in order to develop programs to promote safer sexual
behavior, increase access to condoms and control sexually
transmitted diseases (which enhance HIV transmission). There
have been small-scale successes. In Haiti and Brazil, for
example, condom use has rocketed. Comprehensive programs have
now been initiated in those two countries as well as in Jamaica,
Dominican Republic and Honduras.
Access to sustainable health care services for all: Health
status varies greatly within countries of the region. For
example, in Guatemala, infant mortality is more than two-thirds
higher among indigenous peoples, and maternal mortality is also
significantly higher than in non-indigenous groups. Among the
contributing factors, major inequities in access to health
services is an important one. In order to make services more
equitable, efficient, effective and sustainable, many countries
throughout the region are undertaking health-care reform efforts.
These efforts include changes in health policies and institutions
such as:
promoting decentralization,
reorienting budgetary priorities to favor essential services
for the poor,
exploring alternative means of financing, managing and
providing services,
making greater use of NGOs,
shifting the role of ministries of health from providers to
regulators and setters of quality standards.
There is no single formula that can be applied in all settings.
The reforms have to take into account the cultural and
institutional characteristics of each society. There have been
successful approaches and we're learning how and where to apply
them. The Prosalud experience in Bolivia, where a self-financing
NGO program is delivering high-quality services to a variety of
populations, is one example.
EDUCATION/HEALTH
Early Childhood Development: Women in Latin America and the
Caribbean are leaving traditional roles and entering the local or
regional workforce in dramatic numbers. The need for structured
child care and preschooling is urgent and growing. Only 28% (8.9
million children) of the preschool cohort in Latin America and
the Caribbean has access to any form of preschooling. Without
adequate government and private sector programs, the health and
educational needs of young children are neglected and their
potential as future pupils and workers is impaired. Preparing
children for the changes of the 21st century requires imparting
skills which build individual confidence, adaptability, problem-
solving approaches and teamwork. This process should begin in
the preschool years. Children without access to early childhood
development programs are less able to benefit from educational
opportunities later and may never become competitive in the work
force. This perpetuates an age-old pattern. When local
communities are mobilized and given resources to address issues
of child day care, malnourishment and school curriculum, problems
are solved rationally and the community's capacity to solve new
problems independently and democratically is strengthened.
EDUCATION
Access to--and Completion of--Education for All Children:
Governments frequently commit insufficient funds to public
preschool, elementary and secondary programs and public and
private education may be poorly coordinated, affecting both the
accessibility and quality of schooling. Efforts to reach remote
rural populations which are culturally or ethnically different
from the mainstream are often incomplete or non-existent.
Instead of developing multilingual, cross-cultural curricula and
pedagogy, many education systems in the hemisphere promote
Western-oriented, cosmopolitan approaches which make few
concessions to local cultural contexts. Furthermore, education
for girls and women is not given the attention it requires to
compensate for socioeconomic forces that limit girls' access to
continued schooling. Incentives are needed to keep both girls
and ethnic minorities in school longer, setting up special
scholarships or other culturally acceptable programs. Modern
means to organize and project education programs to remote and
low-density population areas will eliminate vast per-pupil
expenditure rates. These might include regional boarding schools
or "distance learning" through radio/TV equipment and educational
programs, delivered to local classrooms, community centers or
other public buildings.
Quality and Relevance of Education: Repetition and dropout
rates of school-age children in rural or disadvantaged areas
leave pupils with functional capacities (reading, writing,
critical thinking, problem-solving) well below age-group norms in
many countries in the hemisphere. Economic costs increase
substantially when pupils take extra years to complete primary
levels of education. Current methods of rote, teacher-centered
instruction transmit established socio-cultural legacies to new
generations but neglect the skills of independent critical
thinking or preparing students for lifelong learning and
adaptation. Up-to-date curricula and interactive, cooperative
teaching methods are indispensable in creating a productive
workforce which is adaptable to changing labor needs and inclined
toward democratic, collaborative approaches in public life.
Curricular reforms based on functional, performance-based
teaching and testing can produce instructional efficiencies and
cut back dropout rates by making teaching more relevant.
Improved in-service teacher training must match curricular
reforms. At the secondary level, collaboration with major
private-sector employers will assure a vocationally-oriented
curriculum which is relevant to labor market needs.
Appendix C: Potential Experts on Children's Education and Health
in the Hemisphere
Overview:
James Grant, Executive Director, UNICEF
Nancy Birdsall, Executive VP, InterAmerican Development Bank
Marta Mauras, UNICEF Regional Director for Latin America
HEALTH
Dr. George Alleyne, Director-designate of PAHO
Dr. Ciro de Quadros, Immunization Chief, PAHO
Dr. Silvia Bomsim, Proais Project/Brazil
Dr. Barbara Schieber, Mothercare Project/Guatemala
Carmelo Mesa-Lago, Economist/Public Sector Reform, North-
South Center
EDUCATION
Luis Crouch, Research Triangle Institute
Jeff Puryear, InterAmerican Dialogue
Rosa Maria Torres, UNICEF, Senior Education Advisor
Fernando Reimers, HIID
Appendix D: Ideas for Press Statement
Today, (date) XXX First Ladies of the Americans
participated in a Symposium entitled "Healthy and Educated
Children of the Hemisphere."
The issues discussed by the First Ladies included (list).
Both the challenges and successes of providing health and
educational services were considered (details?)
The First Ladies agreed that over the past decade, major
gains have been achieved in bringing adequate, affordable and
quality health care and education to the XXXX million children of
the hemisphere. Successes have been based on (examples of
successful approaches).
However, important and difficult challenges remain (list).
The importance of these challenges and the need to address
them is also recognized in the discussions of the Heads of State.
(Mention relevant agenda items, conclusions an any new programs
at Summit).
Recognizing the importance of the achievements of the pasts
and the challenges of the future involving the health and
education of the children in this hemisphere, the First Ladies
agreed to (describe follow-up).
Appendix E: Outline for Briefing Book
A. Overall Summit Issues
B. State of Children in Hemisphere
C. Achievements and Challenges in Education
and Health for Children
D. Models of Success
E. Remaining Needs
F. Available Programs and Resources
ROOTS
277
must be but a challenge to
river seems a magic thing. A magic, moving,
I have at last got the little room I have wanted
living part of the very earth itself-for it is from
so long, and am very happy about it. It does me
her husband (1937)
the soil, both from its depth and from its surface,
good to be alone.
that a river has its beginning.
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT, Journals (1868)
ourage, Danger, Security.
\URA GILPIN, The Rio Grande (1949)
Most women still need a room of their own and
That river-it was full of good and evil together.
the only way to find it may be outside their own
it would water the fields when it was curbed and
homes.
like seed crystals of new
checked, but then if an inch were allowed it, it
GERMAINE GREER, The Female Eunuch (1971)
entually reshape culture
crashed through like a roaring dragon.
See also Houses, Space, Walls.
TEARL BUCK, The Old Demon (1939)
(1987)
As we were in the midst of the dry season, the
ROOTS
carry the presence of the
river at Vat Thmey was now only a big snake of
ark that must not go out.
To be rooted is perhaps the most important and
mud.
Companion, Journal
least recognized need of the human soul.
(1990)
MOLYDA SZYMUSIAK, The Stones Cry Out: A
SIMONE WEIL, The Need for Roots (1949)
Cambodian Childhood 1975-1980 (1984)
disguise pain through rit-
I have not seen my birthplace, / where my
nly solace we have.
mother deposited the heavy load of her inside.
ROME
From Scratch (1988)
TAHEREH SAFFIR-ZADEH, "My Birthplace," Resonance
In Rome people seem to love with more zest,
in the Bay (1971)
show that Art is not the
murder with more imagination, submit to cre-
but that Art in some
ative urges more often, and lose the sense of
Far away from my country I would be like those
igion, and that between
logic more easily than in any other place.
trees they chop down at Christmastime, those
ink, a bridge, and that
poor rootless pines that last a little while and
LETITIA BALDRIGE, Of Diamonds and Diplomats (1968)
then die.
and Ritual (1913)
In Rome people spend most of their time having
ISABEL ALLENDE, The House of Spirits (1982)
lunch. And they do it very well-Rome is un-
tifying action-even or-
To separate from my culture (as from my family)
questionably the lunch capital of the world.
it has meaning: I can
I had to feel competent enough on the outside
FRAN LEBOWITZ, Metropolitan Life (1978)
need the light or because
and secure enough inside to live life on my own.
light I need.
Yet in leaving home I did not lose touch with my
Night doesn't fall in Rome; it rises from the city's
origins because lo mexicano is in my system. I
Companion, Journal
heart, from the gloomy little alleys and court-
am a turtle, wherever I go I carry "home" on my
1990)
yards where the sun never gets much more than
back.
a brief look-in, and then, like the mist from the
ritual is the ritual.
GLORIA ANZALDÚA, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New
Tiber, it creeps over the rooftops and spreads up
Mestiza (1987)
(1986)
into the hills.
Spirituality, Traditions.
CAROLINE LLEWELLYN, The Masks of Rome (1988)
If you go away from your own place and peo-
ple-the place you spent your childhood in, all
See also Italy.
your life you'll be sick with homesickness and
you'll never have a home. You can find a better
place, perhaps, a way of life you like better, but
m secrets to oblivion!
ROOMS
the home is gone out of your heart, and you'll be
n act to bend a flower
of a child!
A room is a place where you hide from the
hunting it all your life long.
wolves outside and that's all any room is.
MARY O'HARA, Thunderbead (1943)
nown to Song," The
JEAN RHYS, Good Morning, Midnight (1939)
But there were years when, in search of what I
thought was better, nobler things I denied these,
your growing up, you
A woman must have money and a room of her
my people, and my family. I forgot the songs
own if she is to write fiction.
they sung-and most of those songs are now
n (1975)
VIRGINIA WOOLF, A Room of One's Own (1929)
dead, I erased their dialect from my tongue; I
218
MOTHER
Out of the corner of one eye, I could see my
mother. Out of the corner of the other eye, I
alone, but also at that moment I wanted only
could see her shadow on the wall, cast there by
see her lying dead, all withered and in a coffi₁
my feet.
the lamplight. It was a big and solid shadow, and
it looked so much like my mother that I became
JAMAICA KINCAID, Annie John (1983)
frightened. For I could not be sure whether for
the rest of my life I would be able to tell when it
No matter how old a mother is, she watches
was really my mother and when it was really her
middle-aged children for signs of improveme
shadow standing between me and the rest of the
world.
(1968) FLORIDA Scott-Maxwell, The Measure of My Days
JAMAICA KINCAID, Annie John (1983)
Whenever I'm with my mother, I feel as thou
She was the archetypal selfless mother: living
I have to spend the whole time avoiding la
only for her children, sheltering them from the
mines.
consequences of their actions-and in the end
AMY TAN, The Kitchen God's Wife (1991)
doing them irreparable harm.
MARCIA MULLER, "Benny's Space," in Sara Paretsky,
Now that I am in my forties, she tells me I'
ed., A Woman's Eye (1991)
beautiful; now that I am in my forties, she sen
On one thing professionals and amateurs agree:
me presents and we have the long, personal ai
mothers can't win.
even remarkably honest phone calls I alwa
wanted so intensely I forbade myself to imagin
MARGARET DRABBLE, The Middle Ground (1980)
them. How strange. Perhaps Shaw was corre.
Oh! mothers aren't fair-I mean it's not fair of
and if we lived to be several hundred years ol
we would finally work it all out. I am deepi
nature to weigh us down with them and yet ex-
grateful. With my poems, I finally won even m
pect us to be our own true selves. The handicap's
mother. The longest wooing of my life.
too great. All those months, when the same
blood's running through two sets of veins-
MARGE PIERCY, Braided Lives (1982)
there's no getting away from that, ever after.
Take yours. As I say, does she need to open her
She never outgrows the burden of love, and t
mouth? Not she! She's only got to let it hang at
the end she carries the weight of hope for thos
the corners, and you reek, you drip with guilt.
she bore. Oddly, very oddly, she is forever sur
prised and even faintly wronged that her son
HENRY HANDEL RICHARDSON, Two Hanged Women
(1934)
and daughters are just people, for many mother
hope and half expect that their newborn child
My mother phones daily to ask, "Did you just
will make the world better, will somehow be :
try to reach me?" When I reply, "No," she adds,
redeemer. Perhaps they are right, and they car
"So, if you're not too busy, call me while I'm still
believe that the rare quality they glimpsed in the
alive," and hangs up.
child is active in the burdened adult.
ERMA BOMBECK, The 1992 Erma Bombeck Calendar
FLORIDA SCOTT-MAXWELL, The Measure of My Days
(1992)
(1968)
Blaming mother is just a negative way of cling-
When my mother had to get dinner for eight
ing to her still.
she'd just make enough for sixteen and only
NANCY FRIDAY, My Mother/My Self (1977)
serve half.
GRACIE ALLEN, in Liz Smith, The Mother Book (1978)
I fear, as any daughter would, losing myself back
into the mother.
One of my children wrote in a third-grade piece
KIM CHERNIN, In My Mother's House (1983)
on how her mother spent her time
"one-half
time on home, one-half time on outside things,
At that moment, I missed my mother more than
one-half time writing."
I had ever imagined possible and wanted only to
live somewhere quiet and beautiful with her
CHARLOTTE MONTGOMERY, in Good Housekeeping
(1959)
KAREN N
2 I submit that women's history has been hushed
down in the gutter? Are they r
up for the same reason that black history has
I stand in a field of tall grass
been hushed up and that is that a feminist
for miles and miles? On the other
movement poses a direct threat to the establish-
which is big and blue as
ment. From the beginning it exposed the hypoc-
limits.
"W
risy of the male power structure. Ibid., Ch. 2
Bottom of the
3 The bar is the male kingdom. For centuries it
2 Wash the white clothes on N
was the bastion of male privilege, the gathering
them on the stone heap; wash
place for men away from their women, a place
on Tuesday and put them on t
where men could go to freely indulge in The
dry;
soak your little cloth
Bull Session
a serious political function:
take them off
always e
the release of the guilty anxiety of the oppressor
such a way that it won't turn
class.
"The Bar as Microcosm,'
stomach; on Sundays try to
Voices from Women's Liberation,
and not like the slut you are SC
Leslie B. Tanner, ed.
1970
ing;
this is how you smile
don't like too much; this is h
someone you don't like at all;
2408. Nancy R. Hooyman (1945-
)
smile to someone you like com
is how to make a good medicin
See Mary Bricker-Jenkins, 2343:1-3.
is how to make a good medicir
a child before it even becom
this is how to bully a man; th
bullies you; this is how to lov
2409. Ruth Iskin (1945-
)
this doesn't work there are ot
they don't work don't feel too
1 In the dealer-critic system, galleries exist pri-
up
marily for sale purposes and it is the critic's role
to promote the art product by establishing its
value and providing a justification for its
importance.
2412. Karen Malpede (19
"A Space of Our Own, Its Meaning
and Implications,' Womanspace
1
in order for me to reve
February/March 1973
"man" I had to come to fem
no other way, I had to come to
of the divine in women. Now
2410. Kathy Kahn (1945-
)
within a long tradition of pec
that theater is a way to reve
1 There is still a natural tendency for the people™
deep essence, the unrealized
of one class to look down on people who they
holiness of humankind.
think are lower class-as if they are less than
"Karen Malp
human.
Quoted in "Kathy Kahn: Voice of
with Contemporary Wo.
Poor White Women" by Meridee
Kathleen B
Merzer, Viva
April 1974
2 In places like the textile mills, where super-
*See 2256.
human production rates are set, the people have
2 Pacifism is an active, asserti
to take speed (amphetamines) in order to keep
which, when used effectively
up production
Virtually every factory in
do with holding to a sense of
this country is run on speed, grass, or some
munity and with refusing to be
other kind of upper.
Ibid.
victim scenario.
3 I do not believe in being paid for organizing
3 The great artist speaks a tru
because a revolution is a revolution. And
becomes universal. There's no
nobody-nobody-gets paid for making a
that with one eye on the mark
revolution.
Ibid.
4 I think artists, like most oth
want to face the fact that we
2411. Jamaica Kincaid (1945?-
)
our extinction as a species and
with us all the life on earth.
NI
MUR
have done so for centuries.
2042. Lydia Gottschewski (fl. 1930s)
jumped and twisted for half an hour while her
2050. Raisa Gorbachev
y are the objects of objects,
organs fell back in place.
Ibid.
S, frequently the objects of
1 It is a curious fact that pacifism
is a mark
3 "The Congress and the armed forces are above
I Soviet people are putting into
selves objects, and so, in
of an age weak in faith, whereas the people of
position, unqualified mem-
religious times have honored war as God's rod
corruption. It would be better if we used the
revolutionary restructuring. W
life
of chastisement
Only the age of enlight-
money to buy the mass media. That would give
to be worthy of a h
e. To the extent that they
Ives out trying to integrate
enment has wished to decide the great questions
us a way to manipulate public opinion, which
prevailing delusional sys-
of world history at the table of diplomats.
is the only thing that really counts.
Ibid., Ch. 12
that, writing and living,
Women in the New State
In this case they encoun-
1934
2051. Norma Meacock (
4 They were unable to bribe the members of
at autonomy. Autonomous
Congress. and on the date stipulated by law the
I
systems can promote each
left calmly came to power. And on that date the
in all my life I have nev
do not have to fight each
2043. Frances Newton (fl. 1930s)
right began to stockpile hatred.
Ibid.
satisfactory as a means of pro
Think
e inner insecurity and im-
lemand the demarcation of
1 There, in that manufactured park with its ghoul-
2 If the texture of our daily life
intimidation.
Ibid.
ish artificiality, with its interminable monuments
2047. Sandra Burton (1934?-
)
it'll disappear up its own arse
to bad taste, wealth and social position, we were
once exclusively the art of
Iriven to lovelessness, re-
planning to place the body of a beautiful and
1 [Marcos was the kind of lawyer you would
dignified old man who had lived generously and
hire to get you off if you were really in trouble-
2052. Alice Miller (193?-
son, to magic spells). It
loved beauty.
Light, Like the Sun
1937
particularly if you were guilty.
:male tribal elders in the
Impossible Dream:
I Society chooses to disregard
eties; then, for a long time,
2 I can stand what I know. It's what I don't know
the Marcoses, the Aquinos,
of children, judging it to be
m whom the first priests
that frightens me.
Ibid.
and the Unfinished Revolution
1989
because it is so commonplace
e ritual only by pushing
Ferdinand Marcos (1917-1989). Philippine president
"Childhood and Creativi
agical clothing of women.
(1966-1986).
Childhood, Hilde
il to me to point out these
2044. Alice M. Shepard (fl. 1930s)
indignation, for humanity
evel of magic and sorcery.
2048. Shirley Trusty Corey (193?-
)
2 Technical mastery and skill
1 They shall not pass, tho' battleline
many. but they are not necess
I is: Was it necessary that
May bend, and foe with foe combine,
1 The arts must be considered an essential element
even become a prison for the
stand "alone" before Na-
Tho' death rain on them from the sky
of education, not an optional or lesser element
to express themselves. for suc
not in it?
"4: A
Till every fighting man shall die,
in the consideration of time. materials or appro-
to their technical proficiency a
er about Unequivocal and
France shall not yield to German Rhine.
leaning, Definiteness and
"They Shall Not Pass'
priate teaching staff. They are the content and
I have seen drawings that a
efiniteness; about Ancient
process by which we bring unity to isolated
down to the last detail. with
n.d.
New View-Scopes; about
knowledge and feelings. They are tools for liv-
flaw. yet they seem lifeless b
Objectivity," op. cit.
ing life reflectively, joyfully. and with the ability
who drew them is not sensed
5. Pt. II: "If, Nature, I stood
2045. Bertye Young Williams (fl. 1930s-
to shape the future.
Letter to Elaine Partnow*
1951)
3 We are often imprisoned in th
19 December 1989
abilities and routines. which
reverence and dread. I
today have nothing left
1 He who follows Beauty
*Author.
sense of security. We are aft
Ibid.
Breaks his foolish heart.
yet we must gasp for air and
2 The arts personalize knowledge and visions.
"Song Against Beauty"
n.d.
way. probably over and ove
demanding an ever growing development of the
not want to be smothered in
mind and spirit. We do our children and our
is familiar and well known to
lani (fl. 1930s)
country ill service by not supporting them ade-
2046. Isabel Allende (193?-
)
be born along with our new y
quately in our schools.
Ibid.
men as a part of the life
aying down a division of
1 It was a long week of penitence and fasting.
2053. Muriel Resnik (19)
during which there were no card games and no
2049. Maureen Fiedler (193?-
)
o sexes, without putting
of those women who by
music that might lead to lust or abandon: and
1 JOHN
that's nothing but
its reach the highest
within the limits of possibility, the strictest sad-
I Why organize? First, because it ends isolation.
This is what the Internal Re!
'omen, Past and Present
ness and chastity were observed, even though it
Many women feel treated as second-class citi-
pects. It's all part of the gam
1937
was precisely at this time that the forked tail of
zens-in church, in society. In organizing we
part. we have to play ours
the devil pricked most insistently at Catholic
lose the sense of being alone. Second, in orga-
American citizens!
flesh.
Ch. 1, The House of the Spirits. 1982
nizing the whole is greater than the sum of its
Act I, Sc.
Magda Bogin, tr.
parts, and our energy is increased when we come
raigin (fl. 1930s)
2 A bone in Nivea's corset snapped and the point
together. And third, we are building base com-
iance can be of the most
jabbed her in the ribs. She felt she was choking
munities which struggle for change and give us
2 JOHN. But she doesn't know
a place to talk.
I'm not. Is that a happy wo
se who do not believe it
in her blue velvet dress, with its high lace
collars, its narrow sleeves, and a waist so tight
Speech, National Assembly of
see? We're not hurting her.
gnorance of the facts.
Religious Women
anything away from her. In pc
Either Is Love
1937
that when she removed her belt her stomach
Annual Conference
1985
you in my life makes me hat
-
WRITERS
355
Miserable is the fate of writers: if they are agree-
It's an act of faith to be a writer in a postliterate
able, they are offensive; and if dull, they starve.
world.
LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU, letter (1709), in
RITA MAE BROWN, Starting From Scratch (1988)
Octave Thanet, ed., The Best Letters of Lady Mary
Wortley Montagu (1901)
There is no denying the fact that writers should
be read but not seen. Rarely are they a winsome
Writers are the moral purifiers of the culture. We
sight.
may not be pure ourselves but we must tell the
truth, which is a purifying act.
EDNA FERBER, A Kind of Magic (1963)
RITA MAE BROWN, Starting From Scratch (1988)
Whenever an encounter between a writer of
good will and a regular person of good will hap-
Writers are given the responsibility of sight. I
pens to touch on the subject of writing, each
think that the whole burden, responsibility and
person discovers, dismayed, that good will is of
beauty of the gift forces us to construct our lives
no earthly use. The conversation cannot pro-
differently so that we are able to become vehicles
ceed.
to transcend, to encompass and articulate not
ANNIE DILLARD, The Writing Life (1989)
only our own experience but the experiences of
others.
All of a writer that matters is in the book or
ALEXIS DE VEAUX, in Claudia Tate, ed., Black Women
books. It is idiotic to be curious about the per-
Writers at Work (1983)
son.
JEAN RHYS, in Carole Angier, Jean Rhys: Life and
Writers in Latin America live in a reality that is
Work (1991)
extraordinarily demanding. Surprisingly, our an-
swer to these demands protects and develops our
If I could I would always work in silence and
individuality. I feel I am not alone in trying to
obscurity and let my efforts be known by their
give their voice to those who don't have it.
results.
ELENA PONIATOWSKA, in Janet Sternburg, ed., The
EMILY BRONTE (1850), in Bertha W. Smith and Virginia
Writer on Her Work, vol. 2 (1991)
C. Lincoln, eds., The Writing Art (1931)
How can one not speak about war, poverty, and
The writer is either a practicing recluse or a de-
inequality when people who suffer from these
linquent, guilt-ridden one; or both. Usually
afflictions don't have a voice to speak?
both.
ISABEL ALLENDE, in Marie-Lise Gazarian-Gautiez,
SUSAN SONTAG, in New York Times (1986)
Interviews With Latin American Writers (1989)
It should surprise no one that the life of the
I resent people who say writers write from expe-
writer-such as it is-is colorless to the point of
rience. Writers don't write from experience,
sensory deprivation. Many writers do little else
though many are hesitant to admit that they
but sit in small rooms recalling the real world.
don't. I want to be clear about this. If you wrote
ANNIE DILLARD, The Writing Life (1989)
from experience, you'd get maybe one book,
maybe three poems. Writers write from empathy.
The writer of originality, unless dead, is always
NIKKI GIOVANNI, in Claudia Tate, ed., Black Women
shocking, scandalous; novelty disturbs and re-
Writers at Work (1983)
pels.
SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR, The Second Sex (1949)
of
the
0-8160-2134-1
1402 JULIA SETON
1405. Harriet L. Childe-Pemberton (fl.
the child that is not flesh of my flesh. Grant that
10 I will leave behind me the dark ravine, and
I may be successful in molding one of my pupils
climb up gentler slopes toward that spiritual
1890s)
into a perfect poem, and let me leave within her
mesa where at last a wide light will fall upon
my days. From there I will sing words of hope.
1 As I allays say to my brother,
deepest-felt melody that she may sing for you
when my lips shall sing no more.
without looking into my heart. As one who was
If it isn't one thing it's the tother.
"La Oracion de la Maestra" (The Teacher's
full of compassion wished: I will sing to console
"Geese: A Dialogue,' Dead Letters
and Other Narrative and Dramatic
Prayer), Desolacion 1922
men.
Quoted in Introduction to
Pieces
1896
Tala in Selected Poems of Gabriela
2 Let me make my brick schoolhouse into a spir-
Mistral, Doris Dana, tr. and ed.
1971
2 O beautiful earth! alive. aglow,
itual temple. Let the radiance of my enthusiams
With your million things that grow,
envelop the poor courtyard and the bare class-
I would lay my head on your ample
room. Let my heart be a stronger column and
knee.
my goodwill purer gold than the columns and
1402. Julia Seton (1889-?)
'Songs of Earth." 1. St. 1, Nenuphal
gold of rich schools.
Ibid.
1911
3 A son, a son, a son! I wanted a son of yours
1 Dancing is a universal instinct-zoölogic, a bi-
and mine, in those distant days of burning bliss
ologic impulse, found in animals as well as in
3 For passion has come to the verge and leaps
"Why Dance?," The Rhythm of the
Headlong to the blind abyss,
when my bones would tremble at your least
man.
murmur and my brow would glow with a radiant
Redman
1930
Yet gathers thereby the strength of deeps,
And eddies a moment and swirls and sweeps
mist.
"Poem of the Son," St. 1, op. cit.
2 In its natural, primitive form, dancing is vigor-
Till peril is one with bliss!
4 he kissed me and now I am someone else
ous muscular action to vent emotion. Originally.
"Songs of Water." IV. St. 4. op. cit
"He Kissed Me," St. 1, op. cit.
it was the natural expression of the basic im-
5 My grief and my smile begin in your face,
pulses of a simple form of life. Triumph. defeat.
my son.
"Eternal Grief," St. 2, op. cit.
war, love, hate, desire, propitiation of the gods-
1406. Anita Owen (fl. 1890s)
all were danced by the hero or the tribe to the
6 The crimson rose
rhythm of beaten drums.
1 And in these eyes the love-light lies
plucked yesterday,
"Dance in the Animal World," op. cit.
And lies-and lies and lies!
the fire and cinnamon
3 But life has taught me that it knows better plans
"Dreamy Eyes"
c.189
of the carnation,
than we can imagine, so that I try to submerge
2
Daisies won't tell.
the bread I baked
my own desires, apt to be too insistent, into a
"Sweet Bunch of Daisies"
189
with anise seed and honey,
calm willingness to accept what comes, and to
make the most of it, then wait again. I have
and the goldfish
discovered that there is a Pattern, larger and
flaming in its bowl.
1407. Hattie Starr (fl. 1890s)
more beautiful than our short vision can
All these are yours, baby born of woman,
weave
Epilogue, By a Thousand Fires
1967
1 Nobody loves me. well do I know,
if you'll only go to sleep.
Don't all the cold world tell me so?
"If You'll Only Go To Sleep,' Sts.
"Nobody Loves Me"
18
1-3, Tenura (Tenderness)
1924
7 Of the enemies of the soul-
1403. Madeline Talmage Astor (fl. 1890-
1945)
2 Somebody loves me; How do I know?
the world, the devil, the flesh—
Somebody's eyes have told me so!
the world is the most serious and most
dangerous.
1 [Being helped over the rail of the Titanic*] 1
"Somebody Loves Me"
18
"Todas Ibamos a Ser Reinas"
(We Were All to Be Queens),
rang for ice, but this is ridiculous!"
Tala (Felling)
1938
Attr.
15 April 1912
1408. Daisy Ashford (1890?-1972)
8 I have all that I lost
*British luxury passenger liner that sank during its maiden
and I go carrying my childhood
voyage after it struck an iceberg near Newfoundland: 1.513
lives were lost.
I I am parshial [sic] to ladies if they are nice
like a favorite flower
that perfumes my hand.
Ibid.
suppose it is my nature. I am not quite a gent
man but you would hardly notice it.
9 And I wished I were born with them.
Ch. 1. The Young Visitors,*
19
Could it not be so another time?
1404. Mary E. Buell (fl. 1890s)
*Written when the author was nine years old.
To leap from a clump of banana plants
one morning of wonders-
1 Something made of nothing, tasting very
2 My life will be sour grapes and ashes with
a dog, a coyote, a deer;
sweet,
you.
Ibid., Ch
to gaze with wide pupils, to run, to stop,
A most delicious compound, with ingredients
to run, to fall,
complete;
to whimper and whine and jump with joy,
But if, as on occasion, the heart and mind are
1409. Hallie Flanagan (1890-1969)
riddled with sun and with barking,
a hallowed child of God, his secret, divine
It has sour, no great significance, and loses half its
"The Kiss
We were a violent lot,* a thom in the b
servant.
power.
n.d.
bureaucratic. Possibly that is one function of
"Ocho Perritos" (Eight Puppies), op. cit.
(294)
GABRIELA MISTRAL 1401
7 "Do you know that the tendrils of graft and
1396. Enid Bagnold (1889-1981)
2 He was capitalized, consolidated, incorporated,
corruption have become mighty interlacing roots
copyrighted, limited, protected, insured, and all
so that even men who would like to be honest
I She keeps 'er brains in 'er 'eart. An' that's
rights reserved, including the Scandinavian.
are tripped and trapped by them?"
where they ought ter be. An' a man or woman
Ibid.
Ibid., Ch. 11
who does that's one in a million an' as got my
8 "Dogs' lives are too short. Their only fault,
backing.
National Velvet
1935
1398. Fannie Hurst (1889-1968)
really."
Ch. 2. The Flowering
1972
:
Things come suitable to the time. Childbirth.
9 Girls! Girls! Girls!
An bein' in love. An' death. You can't know
I It's hard for a young girl to have patience for
With platted hair an' mebbe curls
'em till you come to them. No use guessing an'
old age sitting and chewing all day over the
Singin' in a chorus!
dreading.
Ibid.
past.
"Get Ready the Wreaths,"
Lord have mercy o'er us.
Ibid., Ch. 4
Cosmopolitan
1917
:
There's men
as can see things in people.
There's men
as can choose a horse, an'
2 "I always say he wore himself out with
that horse'l win. It's not the look of the horse,
conscientiousness.'
"She Walks in Beauty,"
no. nor of the child, nor of the woman. it's the
Cosmopolitan
1921
1394. Mary Day Winn (1888-1965)
thing we can see
Ibid.
3 To housekeep, one had to plan ahead and carry
1 Sex is the tabasco sauce which an adolescent
4 "Love don't seem dainty on a fat woman."
items of motley nature around in the mind and
national palate sprinkles on every course in the
Ibid.
at the same time preside, as mother had, at
menu.
Adam's Rib
1931
table, just as if everything, from the liver and
5 MAITLAND. Madame loves the unusual! It's a
bacon, to the succotash, to the French toast and
middle-class failing-she says-to run away from
strawberry jam, had not been matters of fore-
the unusual.
thought and speculation.
Act I. The Chalk Garden
1953
1395. Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966)
Ch. 2, Imitation of Life
1932
0 MRS. ST. MAUGHAM. You can't fit false teeth to
4 Papa lived so separately within himself that I
1 There is a sacred, secret line in loving which
a woman of character. As one gets older and
retreated to Mama, who wore herself on the
older. the appearance becomes such a bore.
attraction and even passion cannot cross,-
Ibid.
outside. Everything about her hung in view like
Untitled. St. 4 (1915), White
peasant adobe houses with green peppers and
Flock, Jane Kenyon, tr.
7 MRS. ST. MAUGHAM. Privilege and power make
little shrines, drying diapers and cooking uten-
1917
selfish people-but gay ones.
Ibid.
sils on the façade.
Bk. I, Anatomy of Me
2 I remember how the gods turned people into
1958
8 MAITLAND. Praise is the only thing that brings
things, not killing their consciousness.
to life again a man that's been destroyed.
And now, to keep these glorious sorrows
Ibid.
1399. Elsie Janis (1889-1956)
alive.
you have turned into my memory of you.
1) OLIVIA. The thoughts of a daughter are a kind
Untitled, st. 3 (1916),
of memorial.
Ibid., Act. III
1 When I think of the hundreds of things I might
op. cit.
be,
10 ALICE. Oh---a girl's looks are agony!
3 How quiet it is after the volley!
Act I, Sc. 1, The Chinese Prime Minister
I get down on my knees and thank God that
I'm me.
Death sends patrols into every courtyard.
1964
"Compensation," Poems Now and
Untitled (1917), Plantain,
11 SIR GREGORY. Marriage. The beginning and the
Then
c. 1927
Jane Kenyon, tr.
1921
end are wonderful. But the middle part is
2 Why do we do it?
4 O great language we love:
hell.
Ibid., Act II
Oh, Hell! What's the use?
It is you. Russian tongue, we must save, and
12 BENT. So few people achieve the final end. Most
Why battle with the universe?
we swear
are caught napping.
Ibid., Act III
Why not declare a truce?
"Why?,"
We will give you unstained to the sons of our
op. cit.
sons.
"Courage"
1942
13 SHE. We were so different that when two rooms
separated us for half an hour-we met again as
5 It is not with the lyre of someone in love
strangers.
Ibid.
1400. Dorothy McCall (1889-?)
that I go seducing people.
The rattle of the leper
It SHE. And if I die in ten years-or ten minutes-
1 One cannot have wisdom without living life.
is what sings in my hands.
you can't measure Time! In ten minutes every-
Quoted in the Los Angeles Times
Untitled, in toto, Twenty
thing can be felt! In four minutes you can be
14 March 1974
Poems of Anna Akhmatova, Jane
born! Or live. In two minutes God may be
Kenyon, tr.
1985
understood! And what one woman grasps-all
2 Technology dominates us all, diminishing our
freedom.
Ibid.
6 And the sun goes down in waves of ether in
men may get nearer to.
Ibid.
such a way that I can't tell
if the day is ending, or the world.
1397. Mildred Cram (1889-?)
1401. Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957)
or if the secret of secrets is within me again.
"On the Road,' st. 3 (1964),
I Publicity tripped upon the heels of publicity.
1 Let me be more maternal than a mother; able to
op. cit.
"Billy," Harper's Bazaar
1924
love and defend with all of a mother's fervor
92)
(293)
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
1.
Morbidity
Children in the U.S. today face different health challenges
from those of as recently as 30 years ago. While infectious
disease use to cause most morbidity and mortality, today's
children are much more at risk for developmental problems,
unintentional injury (the number one cause of death after
age 1), violence, abuse or neglect, educational failure, and
immoderate risk-taking including substance abuse. These
"new morbidities" have required us to transform the content
of preventive health services for children. While not
abandoning the monitoring of physical health and
development, child health providers now must focus much more
intently on emotional, family and community issues. A new
vision of child health supervision. Bright Futures:
Guidelines for Health Supervision for Infants, Children, and
Adolescents, to be used by child health providers, has just
been completed. It forms the cornerstone of a paradigm
shift in child health care toward a view which emphasizes
enhancing the competence of children and families in context
through an integration of health, mental health and other
human services. This change in approach will allow the
heath care system to better address the complex social
issues which now contront our children and familics.
Infant Mortality
In 1992, the provisional U.S. infant mortality rate was
8.5 deaths per 1,000 live births, the incidence of low
birthweight remained at 7.1 percent (the highest level
reported since 1978). Additionally, 22 percent of women did
not receive prenatal care in the first trimester of
pregnancy. Concurrently, significant changes in delivery of
perinatal services are occurring in response to diminishing
resources and desire for cost containment, such as the shift
toward managed care. Balancing the need for judicious use
of resources with the continuing rates of adverse perinatal
outcomes, the Department is funding an initiative called
"Healthy Start" aimed at helping communities develop or
maintain a quality perinatal delivery system. This
initiative encompasses strategies to strengthen gaps in the
system, increase provider participation for inadequately
served women, and ensure that necessary services to enable
women to enter and remain in care are routine components OF
the service delivery package, especially in managed care
environments.
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
2.
Pre-and Postnatal Care
The Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) has had a long
standing priority of promoting the health and safety of
infants and young children in child care settings.
In 1987 MCHB awarded a grant to the American Academy of
Pediatrics (ЛЛР) and the American Public Health Association
(APHA) for the development of National Health and Safety
Performance Standards: Guidelines for Out-of-Ilome Child
Care Programs. This document is a resource that can be used
by state policy makers, state licensing and regulatory
agencies, state MCH programs, child care health consultants,
providers, advocates and parents to promote and protect the
health of young children in child care.
To enhance the usc of the standards MCHB supported five
implementation grants in 1991, and 1992 to aggist States in
their development and strengthening of their State health
and safety standards for child care settings.
The MCHB has also established the National Resource Center
for Health and Safety in Child Care. The Center maintains a
registry of child care health consultants and resource
organizations, provides technical assistance in upgrading
existing child care standards, develops resource material
and provides a form for sharing experiences and knowledge.
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
3.
HIV/AIDS in Infants/Children, Adolescents and Women
Infants/Children
Epidemiology:
Through June 1994, 5,734 children have been reported to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with AIDS.
Racial and ethnic minority children are disproportionately
affected with the majority cases among African American
(56 percent) and Hispanic (24 percent). of those children
3,100 (54 percent) have died. HIV/AIDS was the seventh
leading cause of death among children aged 1 to 4 years
nationwide; the second leading cause of death among African
American children in Florida, Massachusetts. New Jersey and
New York; and the second leading cause of death in Hispanic
children in New York.
Trends:
HIV infects 1,300-2000 newborns born each year in the U.S.
The number of cases among children is increasing with 39
percent of the total cases reported since 1993. Perinatal
transmission accounts for 89 percent of the cumulative AIDS
cases and 93 percent of the cases reported in 1993. of the
27 states that report HIV infection, 948 children are
infected, but have not developed AIDS.
Update on Activities:
NIH ACTG 076 showed that Zidovudine therapy for HIV-infected
pregnant women significantly reduces the risk of HIV
perinatal transmission by two thirds. This research [inding
points to the reduction of HIV-infected children, however
the long term effects are unknown for the mother and the
infant who receive this therapy. PHS agencies are actively
integrating these findings in the identification and
provision of services for pregnant women.
Ryan White Title IV, administered by the Health Resources
and Services Administration, has been funded to provide
primary care of HIV-intected children, youth, women and
families.
CDC has recently revised the classification system for HIV
infection in children less than 13 years old. This revision
was based on additional knowledge about the progression of
HIV disease among children.
DEC-02-1991 19:03 FROM
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
3.
HIV/AIDS in Infants/Children, Adolescents and Women
(Cont'd) :
Adolescents/Youth
Epidemiology:
The CDC reported that 1,768 adolescents between the ages of
13 to 19 have been diagnosed with AIDS as of June, 1994. It
is the sixth leading cause of death for adolescents and
young adults aged 15 to 24. The 1993 statistics indicated
that this disease killed more young people than any other
infectious disease.
Trends:
Every year, 3 million adolescents, which is one out of six,
are infected with a sexually transmitted disease other than
HIV/AIDS. A greater percentage of adolescents than adults
with AIDS are temale (29 percent vs 11 percent), are African
American and Latino (58 percent and 46 percent) and were
infected through hotcroscxual contact (16 percent vs
6 percent).
Update on Activities:
The CDC Youth Prevention Marketing Campaign targets youth
with media prevention message. The goal is to prevent the
sexual transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted
diseases among young pcople 25 years of age and younger.
The HHS Coordinating Group on HIV/AIDS, HIV Prevention
Working Group, has developed drafted a document LO establish
priorities for investment in HIV/AIDS prevention and
develop a comprehensive plan for HIV/AIDS prevention
activities.
DEC-02-1991 19:03 FROM
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
4.
The Childhood Immunization Initiative
Childhood immunization was one of the earliest priorities of
the Clinton Administration. In response to disturbing gaps
in the immunization rates for young children in America, the
Administration designed a comprehensive Childhood
Immunization Initiative. This national initiative address
five areas:
1)
Improving immunization service for needy families,
especially in public health clinics
2)
Reducing vaccine costs for lower-income and
uninsured families, especially for vaccines
provided in private physician offices (Vaccines
for Children Program-VFC*)
3)
Building community networks to reach out to
tamilies and ensure that young children are
vaccinated as needed
4)
Improving systems for monitoring diseaseo and
vaccinations
5)
Improving vaccines and vaccine use
Although 96 percent of children are adequately vaccinated by
kindergarten, almost one third of American children under age two
are inadequately protected against childhood diseases.
*Vaccines for Children Program (VFC) :
On October 1, 1994, the Department of Health and Human
Services implemented the VFC program, which will provide
free vaccine to children at participating private and public
health-care provider sites of their choice. Children who
are eligible for free vaccines include those on Medicaid,
those without insurance, and American Indians/Alaskan
Natives. In addition, children whose insurance does not
cover vaccination (i.e., who are underinsured) can receive
vaccines through the VFC al federally qualified health
centers and rural health clinics. Other children can
receive free vaccines at public clinic under existing
programs.
DEC-02-1994
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
5.
Specific Diseases:
Measures to improve and maintain child health are high
priorities for the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). Through epidemiologic and laboratory
research CDC works to achieve this priority by developing
and evaluating diagnostic tests and vaccines, and by
designing preventive health measures.
Diarrheal Diseases
Diarrheal diseases cause the deaths of 400 children in the
United States yearly. These deaths represent 10% of the
preventable deaths in children and are tour times more
common among blacks than whites.
Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are two of the most common
causes of outbreaks of diarrheal illness in children in day
care facilities. An estimated 12 million children attend
day care facilities in the United States each day. During
outbreaks of these illnesses from 20%-40% of the children
may become infected.
Rotavirus also causes serious diarrhea in children in the
United States. There are an cstimated 3.5 million episodes
of rotavirus intections and 70-100,000 hospitalizations
annually.
F. coli 0157:H7 is an emerging cause of foodborne illness.
An estimated 20,000 cases of infection occur each year in
the United States. The infection leads to bloody diarrhea
and is easily spread from person to person. The infection
can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-
threatening kidney failure. HUS is the leading cause of
acute kidney failure in children.
Pneumococcal Disease
Pneumococcus is the bacterium that most. often causes middle
ear infections (otitis media) among children. Middle ear
infection is one of the most common childhood illnesses and
can lead to permanent hearing loss and learning
disabilities. In 1990, ear infections resulted in 24 millon
doctor visits. Almost all children have at least one ear
infection each year. The bacteria responsible for most ear
infections are becoming resistant to commonly prescribed
drugs; approximately 1 million ear infections are now caused
by drug-resistant bacteria.
DEC-02-1991 19:01 FROM
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
5.
Specific Diseases (Cont'd) :
Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial meningitis ic a life-threatening infection of the
central nervous system. Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
is one cause of bacterial meningitis which has had a
substantial death rate in children. There are approximately
11,000-12,000 cases per year caused by this bacteria; 30% of
the children who survive have permanent neurologic damage.
Hib vaccines that are effective against meningitis in
infants have been developed and have sharply reduced the
incidence of Hib disease in the United States in the past
few years. Development of the Hib vaccines may ultimately
result in the eradication of Hib disease in young children
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease infects nearly all
children by the time they are 2 years of age. This disease
in the single most important cause of lower respiratory
illness in infants and children and can lead to the
development of pneumonia and bronchiolitis. RSV causes
4,500 deaths annually in the United States and about 90,000
hospitalizations.
DEC-02-1994 19:04 FROM
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
6.
Youth Issues
Current studies indicate that adolescents are at greater
health risks today from their behaviors than from disease.
Furthermore, adolescents engage in risky behaviors at
increasingly earlier ages. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug
use as well as HIV infection and other sexually transmitted
diseases are a few of the major health problems that
continue to be major threats to the health of adolescents.
STATISTICS (CDC Tables attached) :
The death rate for adolescents and young adults was
100.1 per 100,000 in 1991. This rate, which declined
from 1980 to 1983 has increased over the past several
years; the rate now is above the 1990 prevention goal.
The three leading causes of death for 15 to 24-year-
olds are unintentional injuries, suicide, and homicide.
For 15 to 24-year-old black males, the 1991 homicide
rate was 90.0 per 100,000, nearly double that of the
previous decade. Rates among young black men exceed
rates for young white men by as much as eight times.
The proportion of 20 to 24-year-olds who are regular
cigarette smokers has declined from 30 percent in 1987
to 24 percent in 1991. Substance abuse by young people
also has declined between 1988 and 1992. Among 12 to
17-year-olds reporting on substance use, alcohol,
marijuana, and cocaine use declining from 25.2 to 15.7
percent. Alcohol use among 18 to 20-year-olds declined
from 57.9 percent to 50.3 percent in 1993.
Substance Abuse
The rate of drug abuse in children is alarming. The
National Household Survey (NIDA) estimates that up to seven
million children abuse alcohol and drugs to some extent.
The timing of interventions into abuse of substances has
been shown to be critical to success. The importance of
intervening during sensitive periods, before precursor
problem behaviors have become rigidly set, is highlighted in
many studies. Duration of interventions is also critical.
Interventions need a developmental perspective, with a
comprehensive series of age-specific interventions and time
to enhance and sustain health adaptation and skills.
DEC-02-1994
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
6.
Youth Issues
Substance Abuse (Cont'd)
Generalizing the effects of interventions is dependent on
parents, teachers, and peers; the site of intervention; and
such factors as involvement of natural helpers such as
making interventions relevant to the participant's natural
environment, such as school and playground.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA) is planning to work with the
Maternal and Child Health Bureau in IIRSA and the Department
of Education, to assist schools incorporate comprehensive
treatment approaches to school health programs. SAMHSA is
also developing instruments to provide reliable assessment
of substance abuse treatment needs of youth.
since 1987, the SAMHSA has awarded 361 demonstration grants
to community-based organizations to develop innovative
strategies to prevent alcohol and drug use in their
community's high risk youth population. The prevention
programs emphasize protective factors and reduce risk
factors related to drug and alcohol abuse and associated
problems. Since 1990, SAMHSA has also funded 269 Community
Partnership programs to enable communities to identify,
design and implement solutions to specific alcohol and other
drug abuse problems and concomitant behaviors.
Teen Pregnancy
In the U.S., one million adolescent girls nearly 12
percent--become pregnant each year. More than 80 percent of
these pregnancies are unintended, approximately one-third
end in abortion and one-half in a live birth. Most
adolescent childbearing occurs outside of marriage and this
has increased markedly during the past two decades. In
1992, 70 percent of births to adolescents were out-of-
wedlock compared to slightly less than 30 percent in 1970.
Evaluations of adolescent pregnancy prevention programs
indicate that a combination of interventions works best.
Programs that include abstinence education, sexuality
education, social skills training and practice in applying
skills, as well as information about contraceptives have
demonstrated positive effects in both delaying sexual
initiation and increasing the use of contraceptives among
the sexually active.
DEC-02-1991 19:05 FROM
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
6.
Youth Issues
Teen Pregnancy cont'd)
Federal responses to adolescent pregnancy include:
The Title XX Adolescent Family Life Program supports
demonstration projects designed to prevent adolescent
pregnancy through abstinence-based education programs and
provide medical and social services for pregnant and
parenting adolescents.
The Title X Family Planning Program provides services to
low-income persons; one-third of its clients are
adolcocents. New priority initiatives for the program
include more emphasis on services to prevent adolescent
pregnancy and increased outreach to adolescents.
Medicaid is a Federal/State program that reimburses health
care providers for medical services to low-income persons,
including adolescents. Medicaid expends more than $200M
annually to support family planning services.
Community Health Centers, Migrant Health Centers, the
Maternal and Child Health Block Grant and the Social
Services Block Grant also provide family planning services.
Violence
STATISTICS:
Young people are disproportinately represented among the
victims and perpetrators of violence. The average age of
both violent offenders and victims has been growing younger
and younger in recent years. Homicide is the second leading
cause of death among 15 to 24-year-olds in the U.S. and the
leading cause of death for young African-American males and
females. Between 1988 and 1992, the number of violent Crime
Index arrests of juveniles increased by 47 percent -- more
than twice the increase for persons 18 years in age and
over. Most alarming, juvenile arrests for murder increased
by 51 percent, compared to nine percent for adults. The
estimated 129, Violent Crime Index arrests of juveniles
in 1992 was the highest in history. with 3. 300 arrests for
murder, 6,300 for forcible rape, 45,700 for robbery, and
74,400 for aggravated assault.
DEC-02-1994 19:06 FROM
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CHILDREN'S HEALTH ISSUES
6.
Youth Issues
Violence (Cont'd):
The Public Health Service focuses on primary prevention and
"what works' to prevent youth violence before it begins.
Based on a $42M research base on violence and traumatic
stress in NIH's National Institute on Mental Health, the
other agencies of the PHS formulate and implement
demonstrations, evaluating "what works". Our research has
documented that home vicitation programs, having nurses
visit families at risk for violence in the home, work to
prevent violence, as do early childhood education programs
like Headstart. It has also shown that problem-solving and
skills-building/jch training programs, with direct
application to young people's lives, are effective.
PHS's specific efforts include the epidemiological and
violence prevention efforts of CDC, the violence research
conducted by the National Institutes of Health, the high-
risk youth and substance abuse-related violence prevention
activities of SAMHSA, HRSA's violence prevention work with
community health centers and providers, Indian Health
Service family and youth violence prevention services, and
the Office of Minority Health's recent funding of 16
Historical Black Colleges and Universities to establish
family life centers. PHS also co-sponsored with the
Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and six other
Federal Departments and the Office of National Drug Policy
Control, an August 1994, conference on youth violence, and
on the Pulling America's Communities Together effort now
underway in D.C., Atlanta, Denver, and the State of
Nebraska. The PHS is also working with ACF and the
Department of Education on the implementation of the $26M
Community Schools portion of the FY 1995 Crime Bill funding.
THE SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS
SECURING A PROSPEROUS FUTURE
FOR OUR CHILDREN AND THROUGH OUR CHILDREN
INTRODUCTION
The Hemisphere's leaders and their spouses are coming together
not only as the heads of their governments and people, but
also as parents and members of families who recognize that one
driving force behind the Summit is to ensure children's well-
being now and in the future.
This memo identifies the many ways in which the proposed
Summit initiatives affect children.
The implementation of the Summit initiatives will bring about
a better standard of living for the children of the
hemisphere, through increased trade and jobs, improved access
to health and education, and the protection of their rights.
Future generations will be called upon to continue the work
initiated at the Miami Summit--we must prepare today's
children to be the leaders of tomorrow's integrated and
democratic Western Hemisphere.
The Summit Initiatives: Impact on Children
A. Hemispheric Free Trade/Capital Markets Liberalization
Creates more jobs, allowing families to enjoy a
higher standard of living.
*
Lessens need to depend on children to help augment
the family's income, thus reducing child labor.
Provides more commodity variety at more competitive
prices, helping to decrease malnutrition in children.
B. Hemispheric Infrastructure Protocol
2
*
Increases access of all sectors of society to better
transportation, electricity, and clean water.
C. The Information Infrastructure of the Americas
*
Increases communication throughout the hemisphere,
which will foster greater understanding, cooperation,
and integration.
D. Enhancement of the Capacity of the OAS to Strengthen
Democracy
*
Helps prevent political violence, which has a
profound effect on the well-being of our children.
E.
Strengthening Civil Society
Encourages the growth of civic-minded non-
governmental organizations, which will benefit children
directly, at the grass roots level.
Helps ensure that groups such as disabled,
indigenous, and female children receive fair and
equitable treatment.
F. No To Corruption
Teaches our children that corruption is unacceptable
by treating corrupt public servants and businesspersons
as criminals.
G.
Counternarcotics Initiatives
Narcotics consumption, production, and trafficking
threaten all children directly.
In order to safeguard children's health and their
futures, we must educate our children on the dangers of
drug abuse.
We must continue our efforts to protect children from
this threat and prevent them from becoming involved in
those criminal activities.
H. Universal Access to Quality Primary Education
*
All children, regardless of economic or social
situation, will receive the basic tools necessary to
become full, participatory members of society,
especially women, minorities, and indigenous groups.
3
*
Requiring children to attend primary school will help
eradicate child labor.
*
Ensures that all children have the foundation
necessary to compete in a modern economy and/or to go on
to higher levels of education; secondary school will
train students for more complex jobs, allowing them to
be more competitive in the modern world economy.
I. Equitable Access to Basic Health Service
Reducing child, infant, and maternal mortality rates
will clearly benefit children, who are particularly
vulnerable to illness and unhealthy living conditions.
The success of immunization programs in eradicating
the childhood diseases polio and the german measles
demonstrate the importance of universal access to such
prevention programs.
A healthy child is more likely to grow up to be a
healthy adult, requiring fewer health services over the
course of his or her life.
J. Nurturing Microenterprises
Helps families obtain the means to support themselves
for the long term.
K. Sustainable Energy Development and Use
Developing cleaner sources of energy will improve the
health of our children.
We need to ensure that our children are left with
options for renewable sources of energy.
L. Partnership for Biodiversity/Western Hemisphere
Environmental Partnership
*
Ensures that we do not destroy the living resources
or environment of our planet for the sake of future
generations.
10. UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO QUALITY PRIMARY EDUCATION
LARGE SEGMENTS OF SOCIETY IN OUR HEMISPHERE HAVE NOT BEEN
EQUIPPED TO PARTICIPATE FULLY IN ECONOMIC LIFE,
PARTICULARLY WOMEN, MINORITIES AND INDIGENOUS GROUPS.
NEARLY ONE-HALF OF THE HEMISPHERE'S POPULATION LIVES IN
IGNORANCE AND POVERTY. INVESTING IN EDUCATION HELPS
higher
ENSURE THAT ALL MEMBERS OF SOCIETY HAVE THE CAPACITY TO
CONTRIBUTE TO ECONOMIC PROGRESS, THEREBY DEEPENING THE
with
ROOTS OF DEMOCRACY, PROMOTING POLITICAL STABILITY AND
FURTHERING ECONOMIC GROWTH.
but
NATIONAL ACTIONS
INDIVIDUAL GOVERNMENTS WILL:
as
Wart
-- DESIGNATE A REPRESENTATIVE AGENCY TO WORK WITH ITS
PRIVATE SECTOR AND NGOS TO REVIEW CURRENT STRATEGY AND
PROGRAMS AND TO ASSESS CHANGES NEEDED TO ATTAIN BY THE
YEAR 2010 A PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE OF 100 PER CENT AND A
SECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATE OF AT LEAST 75 PER CENT.
INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS
WORKING TOGETHER, GOVERNMENTS WILL:
-- CREATE A HEMISPHERIC PARTNERSHIP, WITH A SECRETARIAT,
TO PROVIDE A CONSULTATIVE FORUM FOR GOVERNMENTS, NGOS, THE
BUSINESS COMMUNITY, DONORS, AND INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS TO REFORM POLICIES AND FOCUS RESOURCES MORE
EFFECTIVELY.
11. ENSURING EQUITABLE ACCESS TO BASIC HEALTH SERVICES
DESPITE IMPRESSIVE GAINS IN THE HEMISPHERE, CHILD AND
MATERNAL MORTALITY REMAIN EXCESSIVE, PARTICULARLY AMONG
THE RURAL POOR AND INDIGENOUS GROUPS.
NATIONAL ACTIONS
INDIVIDUAL GOVERNMENTS WILL:
-- DESIGNATE NATIONAL HEALTH REFORM COMMISSIONS, INCLUDING
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPANTS AND DONORS, TO
PROMOTE EFFORTS TO REDUCE (FROM 1990 LEVELS) CHILD
MORTALITY BY ONE-THIRD AND MATERNAL MORTALITY BY ONE-HALF
BY THE YEAR 2000, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE 1990 WORLD SUMMIT
FOR CHILDREN, THE 1994 NARINO ACCORD, AND THE 1994
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT.
-- ENDORSE A BASIC PACKAGE OF CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH
SERVICES CONSISTENT WITH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION AND
WORLD BANK RECOMMENDATIONS. THE PACKAGE WILL ADDRESS
will all
CHILD AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, INCLUDING
PRENATAL, DELIVERY AND POSTNATAL CARE, FAMILY PLANNING
INFORMATION AND SERVICES AND HIV/AIDS PREVENTION.
-- DEWELOP COUNTRY ACTION PLANS FOR REFORMS TO ACHIEVE
HEALTH GOALS AND ENSURE UNIVERSAL, EQUITABLE ACCESS TO
SERVICES. REFORMS WOULD ENCOMPASS ESSENTIAL SERVICES FOR
THE POOR AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES; STRONGER PUBLIC HEALTH
INFRASTRUCTURE; ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF FINANCING, MANAGING
AND PROVIDING SERVICES; AND MAKING GREATER USE OF NGOS.
INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS
WORKING TOGETHER, GOVERNMENTS WILL:
-- STRENGTHEN THE EXISTING WORLD BANK/PAN AMERICAN HEALTH
ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC AND FINANCING NETWORK AS AN
INTERNATIONAL FORUM FOR SHARING EXPERTISE, INFORMATION AND
EXPERIENCE ON HEALTH REFORM EFFORTS. THE NETWORK WILL
GATHER GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE
PRIVATE SECTOR, NGOS, DONORS AND SCHOLARS TO SHARE
INFORMATION ON REFORM INITIATIVES CURRENTLY UNDERWAY.
-- CONVENE A SPECIAL MEETING WITHIN PAHO TO PLAN
STRENGTHENING OF THE REGIONAL NETWORK.
Janeta (waldman ok)
1
456
5691 6485 (fax)
THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE IS RICH IN ITS DIVERSITY
AND CHILDREN ARE ITS GREATEST TREASURE.
BUT CHILDREN DO NOT GROW UP
WITH EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES.
TOO MANY ARE DISABLED OR DIE
FROM DISEASES THAT ARE ENTIRELY PREVENTABLE
TOO MANY--IN BOTH SOUTH AND NORTH--
GROW UP IN POVERTY,
LACK ADEQUATE NUTRITION,
GO TO SLEEP HUNGRY,
LIVE IN UNSANITARY ENVIRONMENTS,
AND RECEIVE INADEQUATE EDUCATION.
TOO MANY--IN BOTH SOUTH AND NORTH--
DROP OUT OF SCHOOL,
ARE HOMELESS, LIVE ON THE STREET
AND BECOME VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE.
BUT THIS HEMISPHERE HAS ALSO MADE
A GREAT COMMITMENT TO ITS CHILDREN,
AND WE ARE ALREADY TAKING REMARKABLE ACTION
TO HONOR THIS COMMITMENT.
THE REGION TOOK THE INITIATIVE IN 1990
TO CREATE THE WORLD SUMMIT FOR CHILDREN.
MEXICO AND CANADA
WERE TWO OF THE SUMMIT'S CONVENERS,
AND CANADA WAS ITS CO-CHAIR.
MORE HEADS OF STATE FROM THIS HEMISPHERE
TOOK PART IN THE SUMMIT
THAN FROM ANY OTHER REGION,
AND THEY TOOK THE INITIATIVE IN FOLLOWING UP
ON THE COMMITMENTS OF THAT SUMMIT.
2
NEARLY EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
HAS ALREADY PREPARED A NATIONAL PROGRAM
OF ACTION FOR CHILDREN,
WHICH THE WORLD SUMMIT FOR CHILDREN CALLED FOR.
THIS IS THE ONLY REGION OF THE WORLD
THAT HAS REGULAR EVALUATION
OF WHAT EACH COUNTRY IS NOW DOING
TO CARRY OUT ITS PROGRAM OF ACTION.
IN 1992, MEXICO CONVENED
THE FIRST EVALUATION MEETING.
COLOMBIA CONVENED THE SECOND
IN APRIL 1994.
THAT MEETING PRODUCED THE NARIÑO ACCORD,
WHICH RENEWED THIS HEMISPHERE'S
COMMITMENT TO CHILDREN,
AND ENDORSED A SET OF MID-DECADE GOALS
TO GUARANTEE VISIBLE RESULTS
BY THE END OF 1995.
ACHIEVING THESE GOALS WILL KEEP
THE HEMISPHERE IN THE VANGUARD.
ONE GOAL HAS ALREADY BEEN ACHIEVED.
AS WAS ANNOUNCED AT THE HEADQUARTERS
OF THE PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION
ON SEPTEMBER 29, 1994,
POLIO HAS NOW BEEN ELIMINATED
FROM THIS HEMISPHERE.
MOST COUNTRIES HAVE REACHED
AND ARE NOW SUSTAINING
IMMUNIZATION RATES
OF EIGHTY PER CENT OR MORE.
3
AND THE NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES
OF MEASLES HAS DECLINED DRAMATICALLY.
ELIMINATING MEASLES FROM OUR HEMISPHERE
IS NOW A REAL POSSIBILITY.
THE NUMBER OF CASES
OF NEONATAL TETANUS
HAS ALSO DROPPED REMARKABLY--
THOUGH FURTHER PROGRESS IS NEEDED.
THE ANDEAN REGION IS ALSO CLOSE
TO THE GOAL OF IODIZING
ALL SALT CONSUMED BY HUMANS--
THUS ELIMINATING THE GREATEST CAUSE
OF MENTAL RETARDATION
IN OUR MIDST.
DEATHS FROM DIARRHEA
HAVE PLUMMETED,
AND HOSPITALS ALL OVER THE HEMISPHERE
ARE BEING DECLARED 'BABY-FRIENDLY.'
NEARLY ALL COUNTRIES HAVE RATIFIED
THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD,
AND ARE NOW IMPLEMENTING IT.
IN THESE AND MANY OTHER WAYS,
THE AMERICAS ARE SETTING AN EXAMPLE
FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD.
ONE EXAMPLE IS THE CONCEPT
OF 'DAYS OF TRANQUILLITY,'
WHICH PERMIT CHILDREN TO BE IMMUNIZED
EVEN IN THE MIDST OF WAR.
THIS WAS FIRST DEVELOPED
IN EL SALVADOR IN 1984.
4
ANOTHER EXAMPLE IS THE CONCEPT
OF SOCIAL MOBILIZATION--
GALVANIZING ALL SECTORS OF SOCIETY
AROUND CHILDREN'S IMMUNIZATION-
INCLUDING THE CHURCH,
THE MILITARY,
THE PRIVATE SECTOR
AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS.
THIS WAS FIRST WIDELY APPLIED
IN COLOMBIA IN 1982.
IN BRAZIL, THE STATE OF CEARA WAS HONORED
WITH THE MAURICE PATE AWARD IN 1993
FOR ITS OUTSTANDING WORK
ON BEHALF OF CHILDREN.
NEARLY EVERY STATE IN BRAZIL AND MEXICO
IS NOW DEVELOPING ITS OWN
PLAN OF ACTION FOR CHILDREN.
PROVINCES IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC,
DEPARTMENTS IN GUATEMALA,
AND MUNICIPALITIES IN ARGENTINA
ARE DOING THE SAME.
YES, MUCH HAS BEEN DONE.
BUT OUR WORK IS UNFINISHED.
A HUGE AGENDA REMAINS BEFORE US.
FIRST, WE MUST-SUSTAIN
AND REAFFIRM COMMITMENT
TO THE MID-DECADE AND DECADE GOALS
OF THE 1990 WORLD SUMMIT FOR CHILDREN.
SECOND, THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
MUST BE FULLY IMPLEMENTED
BY LEGISLATIVE REFORM,
PUBLIC EDUCATION,
AND SERVICES TO PROTECT CHILDREN.
THIRD, ACHIEVEMENTS ALREADY BENEFITING THE MAJORITY
5
MUST BE EXTENDED TO ALL.
THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION MUST BE IMPROVED--
IN BOTH SOUTH AND NORTH.
ALTHOUGH THE AMERICAS HAVE HIGH RATES
OF SCHOOL ENROLLMENT,
THEY ALSO LEAD THE WORLD
IN SCHOOL DROPOUTS.
EFFORTS TO MAKE SCHOOLS
MORE CHALLENGING,
MORE APPEALING,
AND MORE AFFORDABLE
MUST GO HAND-IN-HAND
WITH EFFORTS TO ELIMINATE CHILD LABOR
AND TO TRAIN YOUNG PEOPLE
FOR EMPLOYMENT IN A MODERN ECONOMY.
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES
IN THIS HEMISPHERE
ARE STILL UNACCEPTABLY HIGH,
AND PNEUMONIA STILL CAUSES
BETWEEN TEN AND THIRTY PERCENT
OF ALL YOUNG CHILDREN'S DEATHS.
IN BOTH RURAL AREAS AND
POOR URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS
SOUTH AND NORTH--
SANITATION MUST BE IMPROVED
TO PREVENT FURTHER OUTBREAKS
OF CHOLERA AND OTHER DISEASES.
THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE'S
130 MILLION YOUNG PEOPLE
ARE OUR WORKERS
AND THINKERS,
THE LEADERS OF TOMORROW.
THEY SHOULD BE HEARD FROM TODAY.
6
BUT THEY ARE CONFRONTED WITH PROBLEMS
AS NEVER BEFORE:
CHILD ABUSE AND CHILD EXPLOITATION;
TEEN PREGNANCY--
CHILDREN HAVING CHILDREN;
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES--
INCLUDING THE DEADLY HIV VIRUS
THAT CAUSES AIDS;
ILLEGAL AND LEGAL DRUGS,
INCLUDING ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO.
AND GUNS AND VIOLENCE--
NOW THE SECOND LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH
AMONG CHILDREN AGED 10 TO 14
IN THE UNITED STATES.
YES, WE HAVE ALREADY DONE MUCH.
BUT WE HAVE SO MUCH MORE TO DO.
AND WE ALL KNOW WHAT IS NEEDED--
POLITICAL WILL AND THE COURAGE
TO PUT CHILDREN'S NEEDS FIRST.
WHEN NATIONAL PRIORITIES ARE DETERMINED,
OUR WILL MUST MATCH OUR PROMISES.
Drew Elementry
School, miami
Copyright 1993 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
Information Bank Abstracts
(most articleswl
abstracts before-them)
MIAMI HERALD
January 24, 1993, Sunday
SECTION: Section M; Page 5, Column 3
LENGTH: 42 words
HEADLINE: A LITTLE SCHOOL WITH BIG IDEAS
BYLINE: BY TAFFY GOULD MCCALLUM
JOURNAL-CODE: MH
ABSTRACT:
Taffy Gould McCallum interview with Miami (Fla)'s Drew Elementary School
principal Frederick Morley reports on his successful program of school reform that
draws national attention; focuses on his concern for active community involvement;
photo (L)
GRAPHIC: Photograph
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
(c) 1994 The Miami Herald Publishing Co. All rts. reserv.
07005164
A LITTLE SCHOOL WITH BIG IDEAS A CONVERSATION WITH A PRINCIPAL
WHO GETS
THINGS DONE
Miami Herald (MH) - SUN January 24, 1993
By: TAFFY GOULD McCALLUM Special To The Herald
Edition: FINAL Section: VIEWPOINT Page: 5M
Word Count: 2,206
TEXT:
Q. The first this community became aware of Drew Elementary was with the
issue of school uniforms, when the parents of this school decided they
would like their children to wear uniforms because they thought it would
improve discipline. How did that work out?
A. The majority of our students are still wearing uniforms. This is a
public school, and in a public school uniforms cannot be mandatory.
However, we encourage them. The uniforms are so much cheaper than the other
clothing: approximately $30. With name-brand jeans, for example, today you
might pay $60 just for one pair.
Another plus is the fact that our attendance is up. We are above 95
percent and that's good. We didn't have that before uniforms. I think the
children are coming to school because (they) wake up in the mornings and
realize that "I don't have to stand in front of this closet saying 'what am
I going to wear today?'
Another plus is that the first day of school we have most of our
children here. In the past, many of the parents (would) say, "I don't have
the money for clothing. I have to wait until I get my check to buy clothing
for school." When they say that, they're talking about the latest fashions.
It's the most ridiculous thing, where the children wear labels and
all these kinds of things.
Q. You once commented that you attributed the success of this school
in large part to the fact that you had an outside board made up of
executives from major corporations. Is that continuing?
A. Yes, as a matter of fact, I'm going to take you out into our
"Ecosystem," which was sponsored by Southern Bell, (a project) where
animals are free in the ecosystem. You'll see iguanas out there, Cuban
anoles and others, and everyone's just amazed by this. It was something I
was sort of against, but because of school-based management,
shared-decision making, the cadre said, "Mr. Morley, we want to do this,"
and I wanted them to be successful.
Q. It seemed to me at the time that the major corporations who rely
on an educated work force for their employees would have it in their best
interests to participate in what's happening in the schools.
A. This is one of the things that the officials from Southern Bell
told me, that "we need your students -- we're going to need them in the
future and we need to work together." So, for that reason, they are
supporting us.
Q. Do they contribute in money and in ideas?
A. Yes.
Q. How does that work?
A. We've said "we need you to come out to the school, we need you to
talk to our students." We have school on Saturdays, and Southern Bell
supported us and other groups in the community supported us, and we are
very appreciative.
Q. What about parental involvement? Has that always been a hallmark
of this school, or is that something you've had to encourage?
A. You have to encourage that, because many parents are working
parents, and sometimes children come to school right after their parents
leave for work. That's at 7 o'clock in the morning, and sometimes those
parents don't work just eight hours or five hours. They're working late
into the afternoons and they may get home at 6 o'clock, and they don't have
time to come out to the school. It's not that they don't want to, but
because of economic reasons they can't come out.
Q. How about involvement at home?
A. (In Chapter 1 schools, which qualify for the federal program that
serves economically and educationally disadvantaged students) we have what
we call a parent-involvement specialist, one who contacts the parents. This
person might even go out late in the afternoon, might have to go out on a
Saturday or a Sunday to work with those parents and tell those parents how
they can help their children. Those parents are also able to check out
computers to assist their children.
Q. I'd be curious to know how you feel about the school voucher
system. It sounds as though if vouchers were in effect, everyone would want
to come to this school.
A. Yes. We know that. My concern would be global. It would not hurt
Drew Elementary. But I'm afraid it would hurt many of the other schools,
and we have to look at the total school system, and we need all of our
schools.
Q. But is it reasonable to think, based on what the people who are in
favor of vouchers are saying, that if vouchers were in effect, those
schools that one might think would be hurt would actually upgrade so they
could attract students as you are?
A. I think that from what I hear from Milwaukee, where they've
started this, where they have the pilot program, that has not been the
case.
Q. The schools have not upgraded?
A. Right, that's my understanding.
Q. You've also had great success with your Saturday program, haven't
you?
A. Yes. What we've found, and we did our own study, is that those
students who came to Saturday school did better than those of a similar
mental ability that decided to stay home and look at cartoons.
That's where we got additional parental involvement. We have parents
who came our first year, and they supplied the lunches, but they got the
whole community involved.
Originally, we were supposed to have just reading, writing and
mathematics, and we had the reading, writing and mathematics, but we found
out that some of those students were hungry. They didn't eat, and they just
needed a snack or something. So we got the community involved. We said, OK,
Southern Bell, this is your time to do something. We went to political
people -- the mayor- of Miami, (Xavier) Suarez -- and said, this is your day
to provide a lunch, this is your Saturday.
Q. What do you think (of) the idea of merit retention of teachers,
and what criteria would you use to judge them?
A. We tried that once before, and you know, it's very difficult
because you have many outstanding teachers.
Q. But are poor teachers a problem, do you think, nationwide?
A. Yes, I think that is definitely a problem. We have to be willing
to get rid of poor teachers. You can, if you really want to do it, if you
go in there and observe and follow the procedure. I think if you check the
records in Dade County, you have many of the poor teachers (who) have been
dismissed, but it's up to us as administrators to go out and weed out those
poor teachers.
Q. The idea of tracking, or homogeneous grouping, has come under fire
recently. Those who are against it feel that children of like abilities
should not necessarily be grouped according to their ability but, rather,
that heterogeneous grouping -- where everyone is thrown in together -- is
really the better way. Do you have an opinion on that?
A. That's been debated for years, and it's still being debated. I
have a gifted program here, a full-time gifted (program), and we're trying
something new. In the lower grades we aren't going to use the homogeneous
grouping; we're going to use the heterogeneous grouping with the primary
students who are gifted. In other words, they're going to be in the regular
classes, and I have a teacher teaching all of the children as if they're
gifted.
So we're doing both, and we're going to look at the results to see
what's best for our students and we're going to go from there.
Q. How do you feel about establishing a greater network of trade
schools for those students who are not capable of doing college work but
obviously need to have some trade on which they can rely for a livelihood?
Do you think we should be tracking students off into trade schools at a
high school level?
A. You know, we're building the William Turner Center. That's going
to be for academic achievement -- basic skills -- but also for people who
want to learn trades, and I think that it's very important. Today, I wish I
could find a roofer!
I don't think we should wait until we get to high school. I think
that we should do what we're doing here at Drew Elementary. We have our
career lab right here at Drew. All our students, before they leave here, go
through that career lab. They sit down at the plumber station, they sit
down at the electrician station, they sit down at the fireman station, and
they go through all these things, and not only that, we bring in these
individuals from the community to talk with our students.
We think this is important, because down the street you can see some
individuals who may be role models, but they're selling drugs. And they
come out there and drive their Mercedes and they have all the gold chains
and everything around their necks and -- that's a role model for these
individuals -- so it's important for us to bring in the plumber who lives
down the street who can sleep at night without someone breaking down the
door, dragging him off to jail. That's important to us.
Q. At what level do the children start, in what grade?
A. They start in grade four. All our fourth-, fifth- and
sixth-graders go through the lab, because we want to make sure they all get
a feel of this before they leave. We introduce them to different careers
right here. We aren't saying, "You don't have the ability." We aren't going
to label them and track them at this particular point and say, "OK, you
cannot make it in school; therefore, you're going to be a plumber." But we
introduce all our students to this, and it's up to them and up to the
middle schools later on to guide them into different fields. Q. Margaret
Mead once commented that the greatest travesty in American education was
making everyone think he not only needed a college education but was
entitled to one, and that what we need is more trade and service people.
That's why I think more and more people are going back to the idea of
having trade schools, where students who really don't have the interest in
college can nevertheless earn a good living and make a contribution to the
community without a college education.
A. I wish I knew how to repair brakes of a car or how to do a tune-up
on some of these foreign cars, because most of us are driving foreign cars
now. The trades are very important. We talk about folks out there who say
they don't have jobs. Well, you learn a trade, you could get a job.
Q. How do you feel about having national standards for schools?
A. I think we should have some standards and we should have some
goals for our schools. We have those in the state of Florida, and I'm for
it.
Q. I know that, especially in South Florida, where we have so many
immigrant children, there are many people who say it isn't fair for us to
have to try to meet some national standard, because we have to teach so
many of our students English first.
A. I don't think it's wrong to have national standards. I think maybe
it's wrong to say everyone must meet this goal -- but there's a goal that
you might want to try to reach.
Q. At least have the standard out there.
A. Yes, the standard should be out there, but don't say we've failed
because we don't reach it.
Q. If you were asked by President-elect Clinton for your advice (on
education), what would you say to him?
The greatest problem facing education in the future of our nation
today is the use of illegal drugs, and I say that for this reason: You can
come up with all the programs we can think of, and all the college
professors who can come up with all these great ideas, but when you have
someone who has a substance, born with a substance in his or her body, and
they come to school brain-damaged, there's very little we can do. We can
nurture these students, we can show our love for these students, but we
need to get out in this community and rid our nation and our community of
illegal drugs.
Someone mentioned that crack babies will be coming into the schools
in the future. The thing they don't know is that it's not in the future,
that crack babies are here in the schools now. Q. How would you approach
the drug problem?
A. We're going to have to be serious about it. It's coming in from
other countries, and we need to stop it before it gets here. Just to pick
up these guys on the street, that's not solving the problem. It's going to
still be there.
Copyright 1993 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
Information Bank Abstracts
MIAMI HERALD
August 23, 1993, Monday
SECTION: Section B; Page 1, Column 2
could find not
LENGTH: 49 words
HEADLINE: PROGRAM TARGETS GIFTED MINORITIES
BYLINE: BY MARILYN MARKS
JOURNAL-CODE: MH
ABSTRACT:
Article on one-year-old program in Broward County, Fla, that helps discover gifted
and talented minority children by using activities other than standardized IQ tests;
Audrey Jackson, mother of three gifted children at Charles Drew Elementary School
in Pompano Beach, comments; photo (M)
GRAPHIC: Photograph
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
St. Petersburg Times
February 11, 1989, Saturday, City Edition
SECTION: NATIONAL; Pg. 1A
LENGTH: 951 words
HEADLINE: Quayle brings hard-line message to Florida, voices support for Israel
BYLINE: STEPHEN KOFF; BARRY KLEIN
DATELINE: PALM BEACH
BODY:
PALM BEACH - Vice President Dan Quayle came to Florida to push his boss'
agenda on Friday, using a hard-line address to calm Jewish fears about Israel
and a similarly conservative tack in a talk to Hispanics about Latin America.
In between the separate speeches in Palm Beach and Miami, the new vice
president stopped off at a predominantly black school in Liberty City.
Outside the school, the reception wasn't as warm.
"If he wants to make people think he cares about black children, he ought
to do something about the way their black parents have to live," said Billy
Hardemon, one of several dozen demonstrators who waved placards outside
Charles R. Drew Elementary School while the vice president was speakinginside.
Quayle told reporters he came to Miami to salute the award-winning
school, not to solve the city's racial tensions, which produced three nightsof rioting
last month.
"I don't have any answers on that," Quayle said. "This issue is very mucha local
issue."
This was Quayle's first domestic trip since he was sworn in Jan. 20, and
it came barely 13 hours after President Bush delivered his first address to ajoint
session of Congress.
Programs for Florida figure prominently in the president's plans, thevice
president said.
He cited Bush's commitment to a $ 1-billion increase for fighting drugs,
a 22 percent raise for NASA and an indefinite postponement of offshoredrilling
near the Everglades.
"Florida did very well in the president's budget," Quayle said at a press
conference. "(And) the president did very well in Florida during thecampaign."
Indeed, the Bush-Quayle ticket won by 60-38 percent in the Sunshine State.
But Jewish voters, who had qualms about the candidates' commitment to
Israel, heavily favored Democrat Michael Dukakis, according to the
AmericanJewish Congress.
On Friday, Quayle tried to allay those concerns.
Speaking to about 500 leaders of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai
B'rith meeting in Palm Beach, he cited inconsistencies in PLO leader Yasser
Arafat's peace-promising rhetoric and the PLO's violent actions. "Those who
believe that American policy is about to undergo a basic shift merely because
we have begun to talk with the PLO are completely mistaken," he said.
Quayle did not address this week's State Department report criticizing
Israel's treatment of Palestinian civilians, and said, "Arab states havekilled far more
Palestinians than Israel has."
However, he said, "Israel cannot be judged by the standards of its
neighbors." And by democratic standards, he said, "the status quo on the WestBank
and Gaza Strip is clearly unacceptable."
As for Palestinian sovereignty, he said, "We continue to believe
that an independent Palestinian state will not be a source of stability or
acontribution to a just and lasting peace."
Jewish leaders said they were enthralled by that message.
"I think it's very important at an early stage of a new administration to
hear these kinds of things," said Ken Jacobson, director of Middle Easternaffairs for
the Anti-Defamation League.
Quayle left Palm Beach for Miami with Gov. Bob Martinez aboard Air Force
Two, where they discussed the space program. Upon landing, the vice
president's motorcade sped off to Charles Drew Elementary School, where
testscores and achievement rank among the highest in the nation.
The school is near the neighborhood where racial violence and looting
erupted last month, sparked by the shooting of a black man by a policeofficer.
"I think I'm at the best merit school in the entire United States of
America," Quayle told about 400 students gathered in the school cafeteria.
Principal Frederick Morley presented two school uniforms - white shirts
and blue plaid ties - for Quayle and President Bush, whose son Jeb also was
present. The principal praised the visit as an example of the newadministration's
concentration on education.
Protesters outside the school questioned Quayle's commitment to
solvingproblems that have battered the riot-torn community.
"Why's he in there talking to children?" Billy Hardemon asked. "Why
doesn't he come into the community and talk to people struggling to getby?"
Friday night, the vice president spoke at a black-tie gala sponsored by
Miami's Cuban American Bar Association, where affluent members of the
Hispanic community turned out to hear Quayle's anti-communist remarks.
Quayle criticized human rights violations in Latin American countries,
but contended that the worst violators of human rights in El Salvador are the
leftist guerrillas trying to overthrow the democratic government.
Quayle said, Cuba, Nicaragua and Panama have tyrannical Latin governments
that are "desperately holding out against a democratic tidal wave that isrising ever
higher."
"The governments ruling these countries claim to be the vanguard of the
Latin American revolution," he said. "In reality they're the rear guard."
- Information from AP was used in this report.
Copyright 1994 Sun-Sentinel Company
Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale)
June 22, 1994 WEDNESDAY, BROWARD EDITION
SECTION: SOUTHEAST, Pg. 6, NAMES AND FACES
LENGTH: 880 words
HEADLINE: SERVICE AWARDS RECOGNIZE EMPLOYEES AT HOSPITAL
BYLINE: Yvonne McClain
BODY:
The Jackson Memorial Foundation honored five Jackson Memorial Hospital
employees at the Jay W. Weiss Humanitarian Awards Gala on May 7.
The Winner's Circle Award is given to employees who have shown exceptional
service to the hospital and the community.
Two of this year's recipients are Miramar resident John Clark and Pembroke Pines
resident Cindy Friedewald. Clark, clinical coordinator of critical care medicine in the
Department of Pharmacy Services, has worked at Jackson Memorial for 11 years. He
also is an adjunct professor at the University of Florida, Florida A&M University and
at Nova Southeastern University's College of Pharmacy.
In 1992, Clark was president of the Miami Chapter of the American College of
Clinical Pharmacology and received the Publication Award in 1993 from the Florida
Society of Hospital Pharmacists.
Friedewald, a registered nurse, is the director of nursing at the Children's Hospital
Center and has worked at Jack-son for 18 years.
She is co-chairwoman of the Employee Management Committee and chairwoman
of the Labor Management Committee at the hospital. She is also the nursing liaison
for Head Start Nurses for the Community Action Agency.
Friedewald, Clark and the other recipients were nominated by Jackson employees
and were selected by the Winner's Circle Selection Committee.
--
The Cooper City Police Department is proud to announce that Police Explorer Jeff
Propst won a fifth-place trophy in the marksman class during a recent shooting
competition in St. Petersburg.
The match was held May 22 at the Pinellas County Police Academy Range. There
were 51 total shooters and 15 in the marksman class.
Propst, 14, is an eighth-grader at Walter C. Young Middle School in Pembroke
Pines. Two other Cooper City Police Explorers also participated in the competition.
The National Safety Council, Broward Chapter is proud to announce the first
award recipients of the Robert F. Kearson Scholarship: Binu Jacob and Merline Saintil.
Jacob is a resident of Davie and just graduated from Ely High School. He ranked
third in his class of 326 and was recently named a Broward Top Ten Teen. Jacob will
be attending the University of Miami as a biology/chemistry major.
Saintil is a resident of North Lauderdale and ranked first in her graduating class of
300 at Hallandale High School. Saintil will be going to Florida A&M University in
Tallahassee as an electrical engineering major.
Jacob and Saintil won their scholarships for their demonstrated interest in the
health and safety of their communities.
-
Dr. Silvia M. Flores, president of the Fort Lauderdale Philharmonic Society, has
been named "Humanitarian of the Year" by Hispanic Unity of Florida.
She was honored on June 4 at the seventh annual Hispanic Heritage Ball at Pier 66
in Fort Lauderdale.
Flores was born in Mexico City and is a resident of Fort Lauderdale. She is the
mother of three children and is married to Dr. Jorge Arturo Flores, a cardiologist in
Broward County.
Silvia Flores has been very active in the Hispanic community for many years and
has held prestigious titles, such as American Cancer Society's Woman of the Year in
1992. Through her involvement with the Philharmonic, she was instrumental in
organizing the Children's Concerts Series.
Hispanic Unity of Florida is Broward County's only Hispanic human services
agency. Hispanic Unity also serves other non-English speaking minority groups in
Broward County by providing job placement, family counseling and other programs.
-
The Pembroke Pines Villagers, a new civic group for residents of east Pembroke
Pines, recently elected the following officers for this next year: Randy Arrowsmith,
president; Sue Robinson, vice president; Pat Boehm, secretary; and Mimi Spitz,
treasurer. Jay Allen, Carolyn Wells and Rene Champagne will sit on the board of
directors.
Send items and photographs for Names and Faces to Sun-Sentinel, 3 SW 129th
Ave., Pembroke Pines, Suite 101, Pembroke Pines, Fla. 33027.
GRAPHIC: PHOTOS 2, Clark; Friedewald
LOAD-DATE-MDC: August 1, 1994
Copyright 1994 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
Information Bank Abstracts
MIAMI HERALD
July 10, 1994, Sunday
SECTION: Section B; Page 2, Column 1
LENGTH: 62 words
HEADLINE: UM/JMH'S EYE INSTITUTE TOPS NATIONAL POLL
BYLINE: BY PEGGY ROGERS
JOURNAL-CODE: MH
ABSTRACT:
US News & World Report survey ranks Univ of Miami (UM) as top-ranking US eye
care facility; gives high ratings to AIDS, orthopedic, geriatric and otolaryngology
treatment at Univ of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital (UM/JMH); ranks Miami
Children's hospital as No 14 among nation's top 19 pediatric hospitals (M)
Copyright 1994 The New York Times Company: Abstracts
Information Bank Abstracts
MIAMI HERALD
June 22, 1994, Wednesday
SECTION: Section C; Page 1, Column 5
LENGTH: 39 words
HEADLINE: JMH TO TRIP 350 JOBS OVER 15 MONTHS
BYLINE: BY MICHELE CHANDLER
JOURNAL-CODE: MH
ABSTRACT:
Public Health Trust plans to trim nearly 4 percent, or at least 350 jobs, at Jackson
Memorial Hospital in Miami; officials cite falling hospital admissions, shorter hospital
stays and lower rates offered by managed-care plans (M)
(c) 1994 The Miami Herald Publishing Co. All rts. reserv.
07624124
UM/JMH'S EYE INSTITUTE TOPS NATIONAL POLL
Miami Herald (MH) - SUN July 10, 1994
By: PEGGY ROGERS Herald Staff Writer
Edition: FINAL Section: LOCAL Page: 2B
Word Count: 382
TEXT:
There is no better eye care than at the University of Miami, says a
national survey that also gave high rankings to AIDS, orthopedic, geriatric
and otolaryngology treatment at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial
Hospital.
Miami Children's Hospital also gained prominence, ranking as No. 14
among the nation's top 19 pediatric hospitals, according to the U.S. News
and World Report survey.
UM's Bascom Palmer Eye Institute ranked No. 1 among the nation's top
15 ophthalmology centers, according to the annual ranking, to be published
in the magazine's July 18 issue.
The four other UM treatment specialties ranked among the best
programs for each of those areas. Care of AIDS patients came in No. 8 out
of the top 40 AIDS programs.
"We're obviously very excited over here," said UM medical school
spokesman Chris Dudley. "This is good news for us."
Other than the two Dade hospitals, only one other Florida center was
considered among the nation's best -- Shands Hospital at the University of
Florida.
U.S. News and World Report calls its survey the "only objective
assessment of U.S. hospitals currently available." In most cases, the
rankings are based on combined findings of a national survey of
specialists, hospital death rates and other data on each hospital.
To assess a few specialty areas, including pediatrics and
ophthalmology, the findings are based solely on a physician survey of the
programs with the best reputations. The magazine offers the survey as a
consumer guide for picking the best care, although some experts say a
survey alone is insufficient.
"You shouldn't take them too seriously," said Dudley. "It does show
some measure of, not quality, but reputation of programs around the
country. And it's nice to show up on these things. But a patient who's
looking for a program should look beyond the ratings."
Miami Children's Hospital did not appear among last year's best. In
the four other categories that University of Miami/Jackson Memorial
Hospital ranked, none was in the top spot. This year's survey did repeat
one thing, though: an omission.
For the second year, it refers to the University of Miami without
mention of Jackson, the hospital where UM doctors and Jackson staff provide
much of the care cited. "The University and Jackson should be equally
credited as the partners they are," Dudley said.