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TO: 202 456 7805
PAGE: 01
MAR-18 96 17:48 FROM:
Rock STAR
FAX COVER SHEET
/
Clinton-Gore '96
TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES (INCLUDING COVER): 3
TO:
Karen Finney
a
FROM:
Kim Cubine
DATE:
March 18, 1996
NOTES:
I would give this gentleman an excellent recommendation. He is bright, enthusiastic and
definitely proactive. If you would like me to write a formal letter of recommendation just let me
know. He is presently working in our legal/FEC office. But I know his first love is press.
If you experience problems with this fax, please contact Kim Cubine at (202) 496-4804.
MAR-18 96 17:48 FROM:
TO: 202 456 7805
PAGE: 02
MON
I
1030 Mon. Nov. 27
3full daep/wk
spoke 11/21.
Anthony S. Young
1338 Wallach Place, NW, Washington DC 20009
615 Soptware
November 20, 1995
delegate selection
Clinton/Gore '96
ATTN: Volunteer Coordinator
Ph. 202/331-1996
Fax 202/496-4849
Dear Volunteer Coordinator,
I am very excited about the prospect of working on the President's 1996 re-election campaign.
While my resume is informative, I would like to briefly outline how and why I can be of value to
Clinton/Gore '96.
I have several years of experience in project management and handling media inquiries as well as
researching and writing speeches, press releases, and producing informational/promotional
material. I attained this experience initially while assisting in the development and roll-out of the
new U.S. Export Assistant Center national network for the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service
(U.S. Dept. of Commerce). I also refined and applied this experience to legislative and campaign
issues when I worked for a political consulting firm on Capitol Hill.
I feel that my educational background as well as experience in related fields could be beneficial to
the campaign. I would like to meet with you to further discuss my qualifications and interest in
volunteering my time. If you need more information, please do not hesitate to contact me via fax
or phone. I look forward to meeting with you. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Anthony S. Young
MAR-18 96 17:49 FROM:
TO: 202 456 7805
PAGE: 03
NOV-21-95 TUE 09:01 PM ANTHONY YOUNG
luray,VA.
402 906
SW/TH
16.24 hrs/wk.
ANTHONY S. YOUNG
Call ducilable
1000
1338 Wallach Place, N.W. Washington, DC 20009 Telephone: 202/332-0532 Fax 202/332-5904
EDUCATION
THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL SERVICE, WASHINGTON. D.C.
B.A., Economics and International Studies (double major). May 1995
Concentration: International Trade and Economics
Relevant Coursework: International Economics, U.S. Foreign Economic Policy, Comparative
Economic Systems, Economic Development in the Third World, U.S. and International Politics.
EXPERIENCE
LIEBMAN & YOUNG CORP., WASHINGTON, DC
President, July 1995 Present
Co-authoring book entitled Fatal Attraction: Hate Extremism, and the GOP Co-author nationally
syndicated column on political, economic, and social Issues.
DIRECT CONNECT INC., WASHINGTON, DC
Legislative Aid, March 1995 August 1995
Initiated development of delegate tracking as strategic tool for political campaign use. Researched and
prepared briefs on "hot" legislative issues for citizen grassroots campaign action. Managed office.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. TRADE DEVELOPMENT, WASHINGTON, DC
International Trade Specialist, November 1994 - March 1995
Prepared economic forecasts for best prospects for U.S. exporters in Europe. Assisted in development
of Secretarial Trade missions. Researched, prepared and edited positions on specific economic Issues for
the Secretary. Consistently received performance evaluations of "Excellent" or higher.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE U.S. AND FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE, WASHINGTON, DC
Cooperative Education Paid Intern, January 1994 November 1994
Assisted In development and roll-out of U.S. Export Assistant Center network: assisted in development
of public-private partnerships, drafted speeches and press releases for the Secretary. analyzed domestic
industrial and business clusters. Consistently received performance evaluations of "Excellent" or higher.
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL RESEARCH, BETHESDA, MD
Grants Technical Assistant, Scientific Review Office, May 1991 - January 1994
Analyzed and presented statistical data for department use. Designed and created databases and
managed Information. Edited and prepared research application summary statements. Provided
computer support for office. Consistently received performance evaluations of "Excellent" or higher.
YOUNG PRODUCTIONS, WASHINGTON, DC
Self-employed, June 1990 December 1993
Founded company to produce computer programmed multi-image slide shows and soundtracks for
clients. Performed archival silde-to-BetaCam studio transfers. Composed scripts for soundtracks.
SPECIAL SKILLS AND INTERESTS
Specical Skills:
Internet: Proficiency in Netscape, Mozalc, WWW. FTP, EBB, home page set-up.
Interests:
Politics, Cello and Classical Music, Biking
GIS Software
Delegate TRACKing MAtRix
Maria E. Soto
2801 Courtland Place, N. W. #B-1
Washington, D.C. 20008
(202) 319-7532
Fax (809) 754-9577
EXPERIENCE
The White House, Washington, D.C.
Fall 1995
Executive Office of the President
Intern, Staff Assistant
Assisted in promoting Presidential priorities by outreach to women's groups
-Maintained constituency support and outreach effort during governmental shutdown
Assisted in the planning of White House briefings, issue hearings and meetings
Translator for Assistant to the President, for Spanish radio interview, during
governmental shutdown
Banco Popular de Puerto Rico, Hato Rey, P.R.
Mortgage Loans Division
Summers 1992-1994
Statistical Research Assistant and Investment Assistant
.Performed statistical analysis of mortgage loans granted
Financial advisor on alternative mortgage programs
Marketing Representative
.Worked at telemarketing area and interviewed customers for a refinancing project
of great importance to the Bank
Office Clerk
EDUCATION
Mount Saint Mary's College, Emmitsburg, MD.
1995
BS in Psychology,
Minors in History and Sociology
University of London, London, U.K.
Fall 1992
Student exchange program
Coursework in History and Women's Studies
COLLEGE
ACTIVITIES
Founder of Cassiopeia, President
Latin American Association, Founding President
Academic Affairs Committee
Middle States "Mission and Goals" Task Force
Multicultural Affairs, Ad Hoc Committee
Mountain Echo Newspaper, collaborator
VOLUNTEER
EXPERIENCE
Monteview Nursing Home, Frederick, MD.
1994
South Mountain Restoration Center, South Mountain, PA.
Fall 1993-Fall 1994
SKILLS
Fully bilingual, Spanish and English
Computer literate
Experienced in organizing fundraising events
Finney
12/0
Nice girl - She works for
Robyn Dickey (until the 3(s4)
P.T.
CARLENE HEMPEL
1862 Beacon Street, Bldg. 1, Apt. 1
Brookline, MA. 02146
(617) 738-2657
EDUCATION:
Clark University, Worcester, MA
B.A. in English with honors, May 1993
University of East Anglia, Norwich, England
Studied Milton, Shakespeare and Spencer
October 1991 to July 1992
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Staff Writer, Middlesex News
Government reporter. Two stories each day plus investigative and enterprise pieces. Topics: Sent to
Russia to report on plight of ill children; coverage of savage Laura Rosenthal murder; exposed racist
hiring practices in city of Marlborough; profiled close-knit, working-class neighborhood in
Framingham overwhelmed by drug dealers and violence. September 1992 to present
Staff Writer, The Lowell Sun
Two stories each day and breaking police coverage. Topics: City Hall's refusal to deal with crime at a
senior citizens' housing project; an auctioneer's scam to sell dilapidated homes to unsuspecting buyers.
May 1991 to September 1991
Feature Writer, Inside Worcester, monthly magazine
Regular feature on "hidden" hot-spots. Pieces on: One homeless kid just starting on the streets, and
Richard Griffin, a wasted old alcoholic at the end of the line; hand-writing expert's analysis of 1992
gubernatorial candidates. September 1990 to January 1991
Business Writer, Worcester Business Journal, biweekly
Regular features on new businesses in Worcester and surrounding area; enterprise pieces on corporate
education (cover), and multi-million dollar proposal to rejuvenate Worcester Airport. September 1990
to January 1991
Managing Editor, writer, The Scarlet, Clark University
Managed 30-member staff; wrote news, editorials; edited all copy; ran news meetings; assigned articles;
supervised advertising, layout and paste-up. September 1989 to May 1993
OTHER JOURNALISM EXPERIENCE
Intern, freelancer: College Monthly, January 1990 to May 1993; editor of Insite Magazine, biweekly
student tab in Norwich, England, October 1991 to July 1992; Eastern Daily Press, a daily newspaper in
Norwich, January 1992 to April 1992; The Montachusett Times, Ayer, Ma, June 1989 to August 1989.
ACTIVITIES
Volunteer work: Created Clark University's largest volunteer organization; supervised its 400 members
at soup kitchens, shelters, and in tutoring programs for elementary school and high school students and
unwed teen mothers.
References available upon request
KARIN KULLMAN
4550 Connecticut Avenue NW, #106, Washington, DC 20008, (202)686-4299
EDUCATION
University of California, Los Angeles
June 1995
Bachelor of Arts, Communication Studies
Summa Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa, College Honors
EXPERIENCE
Staff Assistant
9/95 to present
THE WHITE HOUSE, OFFICE OF THE SOCIAL SECRETARY
Interact with staff, interns, and guests in varied activities related to reception of
guests to White House events. Responsibilities include guest list coordination,
management of Visitor's Gate operation, and decisive problem-solving during
events. Supervise interns in list management through monitoring of guest
communications, delegation of intern assignments, training in database operation,
and verification of accurate task completion. Assisted in reshaping organizational
structure of intern utilization. Developed new intern/volunteer procedural manual.
Intern
7/95 - 8/95
THE WHITE HOUSE, OFFICE OF THE SOCIAL SECRETARY
Communicated with White House guests regarding attendance at upcoming events.
Engaged in activities related to detailed management of event guest lists, including
obtainment and input into White House database of necessary guest security
information. Aided Social Office staff at Visitor's Gate and in guest
accommodation during events.
Vice President/Philanthropy Director
9/94 - 6/95
UCLA BRUIN BELLES SERVICE ASSOCIATION
Coordinated participation in community philanthropy events for this service
organization designed to promote women's leadership and to serve as official
university representatives. Improved and implemented member selection process.
Special Events Intern
6/94 - 9/94
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION - Irvine, California
Interacted with Los Angeles Times in promotion of annual Heart & Sole special
event fund-raiser. Designed event brochure and poster, modified coordinator
manual, and recruited pro-bono printers.
OTHER
Peer Academic Counselor, UCLA College of Letters and Sciences 9/94 - 6/95
EXPERIENCE
Resident Assistant, UCLA Office of Residential Life
9/92 - 6/93
COMPUTER
Proficient in White House Database (WHODB), Windows, Word, WordPerfect,
SKILLS
Lotus and Excel.
HONORS
Dean's List. UCLA Regents Scholar. UCLA Alumni Scholar. Golden Key
National Honor Society: Member. UCLA Bruin Belles Service Association:
Distinguished Member, Outstanding Senior, and Outstanding Board Member.
Alpha Lambda Delta and Phi Eta Sigma Freshmen Honors Societies: Member.
09-15-1995 12:25
5173324804
R. E. WHITMER
P.01
Attention: Karen Finney
9/15/95
Karen,
Thank you for thinking about me for any openings at the White House. I really
appreciate it. I'm sure I would be interested in almost any opening there is. The
Washington DC address will be good after the 21st of September.
I hope everything is going well. Please say hi to Lisa and Neel for me.
Thanks again,
Liz
09-15-1995 12:25
5173324804
R. E. WHITMER
P.02
Elizabeth Kay Whitmer
1616 16th Street NW, Apt. 501
Washington DC 20009
(202) 986-5409
EXPERIENCE
Office of Senator Carl Levin, Washington D.C. Assistant to the Press Secretary/ Intern
Press Office
Responsibilities: Publicizing the Senator's legislative initiatives, events and opinions. Assisting in scheduling events.
Writing press releases. producing news clips packets: 5/94 - 7/94
The White House, Washington D.C. Intern
Office of the First Lady
Responsibilities: Aiding in interview scheduling and assisting in White House events, for example, the White House Easter Egg Roll
and the St. Patrick's Day reception. Producing news clips packets and answering the phone; 1/94- 4/94
Michigan State Medical Society Research Assistant
Department of Medical Economics
Responsibilities: Chief researcher and writer for booklet detailing factors that contribute to chronic disease in Michigan;7/93-10/93
Michigan State AFL-CIO Political Education Intern
Political Education Section
Responsibilities: Canvassing and polling in political campaigns, including the national Presidential campaign, receptionist
and clerical work; 3/92-11/92
WLAJ-TV Lansing/Jackson Receptionist/ Newsroom Assistant
Newsroom
Responsibilities: Writing and coordinating news stories for the anchorpersons of the six o'clock news, editing videotapes; 5/91- 9/91
Ingham Medical Center Clerical
Billing Department
Responsibilities: Filing medical records, clerical; 5/90 9/90
EDUCATION
Michigan State University: James Madison College, Eli Broad College of Business
East Lansing. Michigan
Bachelor of Arts, May. 1995.
Dual Majors: International Relations and Economics
Course Work: Research papers dealing with international relations theory and law, as well as international economics and
interpretation of econometric data. Statistics, French language, and basic accounting courses.
G.P.A. 3.3/4.0
ACTIVITIES AND AWARDS
Member of Kappa Alpha Theta, 1991-Present, Rush Chairperson 1993
Towar Community Education, French tutor, 1993
Arca 8 Special Olympics events 1990-1993
Red Cedar School Halloween Festival, 1991,1992
National Merit Scholar Runner-up
Dean's List
REFERENCES
Karen Finney, Deputy Press Secretary to the First Lady, The White House. (202) 456-2960
Joel Ferguson, Owner, WLAJ-TV Lansing, (517) 394-5300
Frank Garrison, President, Michigan State AFL-CIO, (517) 487-5966
09-18-1995 07:50
5173324804
R. E. WHITMER
P.02
Elizabeth K. Whitmer
Writing sample: Excerpt from a 20 page paper about legalized gambling in Windsor, Ontario and
its effects on the Detroit economy.
Entertainment in general and gambling in particular are being examined as possible
lightening rods for the revival of inner city areas not just in Detroit, Michigan but across the nation.
Gambling in and of itself is a tax collectors dream; legislators may actually be able to decrease
taxes in the face of a legalized gambling windfall. Some type of legal gambling has been approved
in all states with the exception of Utah and Hawaii. In the fall of 1994, gambling developments
were approved in the city of Detroit. In April 1995, the Blue Ribbon Commission on Gaming,
appointed by Governor John Engler concluded that the positive aspects of gambling outweigh the
negative and urged that the Governor approve at least one of the development proposals offered by
developers and Indian tribes. The Governor later refused to do so.
Detroit is a city hit hard by recession in the 1980s and legalized gambling is regarded as a
project that will encourage economic revival as well as increase commerce. The Hudson's building
in downtown Detroit, once a monument to prosperity has stood empty now for over ten years,
turning into a dilapidated reminder of what Detroit once was before the crime, recession and
exodus of the more prosperous inhabitants of the city. Lee lacocca, retired Chairman of Chrysler
Motor Company, is one of the many developers who have proffered plans for casino gambling in
the city. Many prominent business people such as lacocca and Mike Illitch, owner of Little
Caesar's Pizza, the Detroit Tigers, the Detroit Red Wings and the Fox Theater are vying for the
chance to turn Detroit into a gambling city; one which will no longer have to watch Motown
money cross the Ambassador Bridge just to be lost in the legal casinos of Windsor, Ontario.
These developers along with many others, and even the city of Detroit want to tap this wildly
lucrative venture.
The participation of a former industry mogul such as lacocca in the development of
gambling in Detroit and the entertainment industry in general is illustrative of the shift of the focus
in the American economy. More and more entertainment projects are in the works across the
United States to tap into the booming entertainment economy. By far the most profitable of these
are casinos as well as riverboat projects and race tracks. This type of development is occurring
around the country in cities attempting to cover budget shortfalls.
09-18-1995 07:50
5173324804
R. E. WHITMER
P.03
Elizabeth K. Whitmer
Writing Sample: Excerpt from a 17 page paper detailing methods of settlement and negotiation for
the trade dispute between the United States and the People's Republic of China in early 1995.
The United States did not feel that Chinese law was adequate to settle copyright
infringement suits filed in China's Intellectual Property Tribunal. The judgments were
unreasonably low and produced no deterrent effect. In addition to the small amounts awarded, the
cases were proceeding very slowly, allowing defendants time to destroy evidence as well as adding
to the losses incurred by the copyright holder. In terms of feasibility, attempting to settle disputes
under Chinese municipal law is a good option. If a dispute were to be settled through the domestic
courts, the Chinese could avert sanctions that would be levied on behalf of foreign nationals. Yet
in terms of expediency and fairness in settlement this method falls short of many of the
requirements of the multilateral treaties in place to regulate copyright, to which China has become a
contracting party. Thus, in the first few years of operation, the Chinese courts are inadequate to
deal with copyright disputes. The courts will not necessarily remain this way, but today it is not an
acceptable option for American companies doing business in China.
The United States-China Trade Agreement of 1979 leaves much to be desired as well. The
Agreement is still valid, therefore when the Chinese copyright law took effect in 1991, copyrighted
works by Americans should have received national treatment at that point. The Agreement states
that nationals of each country be treated in the same manner as the domestic population under
municipal copyright law. Works by Americans should have been accorded at least the measure of
protection granted works by Chinese nationals even though China had not yet become a party to
the Berne Convention or the Universal Copyright Convention. The Chinese did not live up to their
end of the Agreement in their failure to enforce respect of US copyrights. The Agreement,
however, does not carry much legal weight, being more a framework agreement than explicit trade
policy between the two nations. Invoking this Agreement as legally binding would have
accomplished little and perhaps would have been to the detriment of the US. In the Agreement it is
stated that both countries agreed that China be classified as a developing nation. This classification
is something with which US trade officials are no longer comfortable.
Trocme's Ethic Of Generosity:
According to Aristotle and Kant
In Lest Innocent Blood Be Shed Philip Hallie offers the
powerful story of André Trocmé and the people of Le Chambon,
France. Trocmé was a trully generous man. For the people of Le
Chambon
Trocmé gave his aggresive ethic to them by giving them
himself. Aside from the distinction between good and
evil, between helping and hurting, the fundamental
distinction of that ethic is between giving things and
giving yourself, you degrade both parties making the
receiver utterly passive and by making yourself a
benefactor standing there to receive thanks--and even
some times obedience-as repayment. But when you give
yourself, nobody is degraded--in fact, both parties are
elevated by a shared joy. When you give yourself, the
things you are giving become, to use Trocmé's word
feconde, (fertile, fruitful). What you give creates new,
vigorous life, instead of arrogance on the one hand and
passivity on the other. (Hallie 72)
Trocmé's generosity was an act of not merely sharing money or
shelter but an act of sharing himself. Throughout his life he
devoted his existence to others. The term "stranger" didn't exist
in his vocabulary. He believed that "to give oneself is an utterly
personal action because each self is a unique person" (Hallie 72).
The minute he realized that he was part of the oppresing class and
he saw the sad and hungry faces outside his house, he realized that
life was meaningless if he could not aid the people around him.
That day in his house when he saw those pale people and realized
that these people were "the poor, the excluded, the bitter ones of
the earth he turned his back upon his class and [decided] to work
with the poor" (Hallie 51). He gave with pleasure, always with a
smile on his face. Generosity was rooted in his character and when
people saw him around town, a smile waas decorating his expression.
Trocmé's "open-arms generosity towards his fellow mas was real"
(Hallie 46). When in Le Chambon, Trocmé "made the refugees rise to
their own highes level of generosity and joy" (72). For him human
life was the most precious of all things a person could ever have.
In a nonviolence way, he was willing to be active towards the
preservation of life.
Andre Trocmé's generosity can be analyzed from varying
perpectives. Aristotle and Kant provide interesting contrasting
viewpoints of generosity. Aristotle sees generosity as a virtue and
Kant sees it as a duty. This paper will examine the concept of
generosity by looking carefully at Trocmé's generosity and
explorong Aristotle's and Kant's perspective on it. Then, I will
analyze both philosopher's concept of generosity using Andre Trocmé
as an example.
According to Aristotle, generosity is a virute, A "virute is
a state of character concerned with choice lying in a mean; it
relates to us determined by a rational principle and the principle
by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it" (Aristotle
340) Humans must have phronesis or practical wisdom in order to
decide generosity's mean. Phronesis is the ability to apply
practical wisdom to the general knowledge of the world. Aristotle's
conditions for generosity are that the agent gives "to the right
person, to the right extent, at the right time, with the right
motive and in the right way" (346). Under these conditions, André
Trocmé would fulfill only three of the specifications to be a
generous man, these are: the right people, at the right time and
with the right motive that accompanies right giving. Trocmé was
generous with the right people--the refugees. The Jews were not
only in pain but as Trocmé describes them, they were the "oppressed
and the weak" (qtd. in Hallie 162). Trocmé was generous at the
right time because when the Nazi persecution started against the
Jews, he immediately opened his house and parish for the fugitives.
He didn't wait for other people's initiative or for the persecution
to intensify. He acted spontaneously. Throughout the rescue process
Trocmé demonstrated the right motive that accompanies right giving.
Trocmé had an ethical commitment: to treat human life as something
beyond all price" (Hallie 133). He respected and honored every
single one of the refugees. He made the Jews "rise to their own
highest level of generosity and joy" (Hallie 72).
While these are some of the characterictics of the generous
man, Aristotle wouldn't categorize Trocmé as "generous" because he
doesn't fulfill the other two specifications: the right amount of
generosity and in the right way. One may argue if Trocmé's
generosity was the right amount or not. He gave all he could to the
needy, but Aristotle might state that he was too extravangant in
his giving. He gave so much that his family was deprived and
suffered as a result. Aristotle might also have some problems with
the pastor's concept of generosity. Trocmé's generosity was rooted
in his religious beliefs rather than rooted in his character. "He
helped because he wanted to be close to Jesus, a loving disciple
who put his feet in Jesus' footprints with stubborn devotion"
(Hallie 161). For Trocmé the notion of generosity was rooted in a
"command from the superior" (Hallie 109). Another example of this
would be the books' title and its meaning according to the pastor:
"lest innocent blood be shed in your land which the Lord your God
gives you as an inheritance, and the guilt of any bloodshed upon
you" (Hallie 109). Trocmé's concept of generosity might also be
problematic for Aristotle since on many occasions, it was painful
for Trocmé to be generous due to physical and social circumstances.
Aristotle would admire Trocmé's initiative to open the door, but he
would criticize the concept of being generous for the sake of
religion. Aristotle's notion of generosity is based on the fact
that one has to help for the sake of helping. One shouldn't help
because a doctrine dictates it.
If Aristotle were to analyze Trocmé's character, he might
state that Trocmé's is prodigal. "Prodigal means a man who has a
single evil quality, that of wasting his substance; since a
prodigal [man] is one who is being ruined by his own fault and the
wasting of substance is thought to be a sort of ruining oneself,
life being held to depend on possession of substance" (Aristotle
374). Trocmé gave and gave, and he never knew when it was rational
to stop. He endangered his life, his family, and the people of Le
Chambon. He was reckless in his actions. His love and generosity
were dangerous--they promoted risk and had fatal consequences. As
Madame Barrud explains: "The Trocmés were dangerous people to
follow. They wanted to help people in need by any means possible,
and often those means were risky" (qtd. Hallie 180). The pastors
"attitude toward people, [was] not a carefully argued theological
position. In its depth it was personal, it had to do with the
persons he had known" (Hallie 61). Even Trocmé's daughter states
that she is very proud of her father fot what he did but that she
wishes that he would have spent more time with the family. She felt
they were not a united family. Another example of Trocmé's
contradicting conduct was when he jeopardized his son Jacot's life.
As Hallie describes it, the idea that Jacot's father was in danger
frightened the boy and one day at the metro station the desperate
twelve-year-old Jacot cried: "Papa! Papa! What's going to become of
us?" (qtd. in Hallie 228). Jacot could have been arrested and
possibly killed bacause of his father's involvement with the Jews.
Another concequence of Trocmé's negligence was when he involved his
brother in the refugee rescue and the brother ended up being
executed.
On the other hand Aristotle would give Trocmé partial moral
credit because the pastor has only some the characteristics of the
virtous man. As Aristotle states, it is "more characteristic of
virtue to do good than to have good done to one, and more
characteristic to do what is nobel than not to do what is base"
(375). Aristotle's ethic highlights how people have to actively do
the good. The generous man has to take a step further away from
passivity. He must help the opposed and prevent future oppresion by
encouraging generosity and the virtous life.
According to Aristotle, the important aspect of generosity is
not the size of the prize the person gives away but the state of
character of the giver. Aristotle would appreciate, and describe as
honorable and maybe noble, Trocmé's belief that "by not being
generous and opening the door [to the needy] you are harmdoing"
(124). He was not only being actively generous but was being true
to his faith.
One can see throughout Hallie's book that Trocmé believed in
Aristotle's idea of the "habituation of a virtous life". He molded
his family and community into the daily practice of generosity. He
not only preached, but through his actions he gave an example of
the good life. Aristotle believes that an action is moral if it
promotes human flourishing. Trocmé not only promoted but encouraged
those around him to do well and to live the good life.
Inmmanuel Kant doesn't inquire about generosity as deep as
Aristotle does. Kant believes, regarding generosity, that it is a
duty we have toward ourselves and others. A person has to be
generous and respectful towards himself in order to be able to help
others. The "duties towards ourselves are of primary importance and
should have pride of place it is obvious that nothing can be
expected from a man who dishonors his own person" (Kant 679)
considering the others good. Kant stresses a stronger emphasis on
being good to oneself before the others. "A man who fails in his
duty to himself looses worth absolitely; while a man who fails in
his duty to others loses worth on relativity" (679). When an agent
is helping a person, the virtous agent must have knowlegde and
choose the act. The generous person has to be conscious of the act
and reason about it. The action entails a carefully deliberate
choice. When doing the generous act, the agent must not follw his
or her feelings, rather he or she should fellow reason. The notion
of reasonably choosing the generous act is very important for Kant.
Trocmé fits Kant's notion of "generous" act because Trocmé chooses
to help and be generous as a way of life rather than choosing the
violent and passionate aspects of his character. Kant is
preoccupied with the intention of the agent or the motives behind
the intention. There could be many people doing the same act but if
the intentions are not carefully reasoned and the acts are not done
for the right motives then the consequences of the worth of the act
is different. Trocmé had the right intentions and acted according
to them too.
Kant takes the concept of generosity a step farther than
Aristotle. When describing the consequences of generosity Kant
states that
I accept favours, I contract debts which I can never
repay, for I can never get on equal terms with him who
has conferred the favours I am only returning a quid pro
quo; I shall always owe him a debt of gratitude, and who
will accept such a debt? (680)
Kant would argue that by Trocmé being generous with the
refugees he was nurturing the notion of the recipient being
indented. He was creating a situation of dependence and inequality.
The refugees would never be able to pay Trcomé back for all that he
did for them. How could they pay him back for a smile, or for the
shelter or for endangering his family? Therefore Trocmé was
creating a situation of imbalance by placing the Jews in a lower
position. As an example of this debt cycle, Kant would use Celisse
and Trocmé's relationship. Celisse was an alcoholic. He abused his
family by keeping them at the poverty level, since he spent all his
money in alcohol. Thanks to Trocmé's helping hand he could overcome
the addiction. Their relationship was not an equal one, whre both
parties were elevated. Celisse grew incredibly dependent upon
Trocmé. When the pastor moved out of town, Celisse started drinking
again and eventually committed suicide. Celisse couldn't live
without Trocmé's generosity; without Trocmé he was nothing. He was
not only dependent upon the pastor but he found himself in such a
spiritual debt that taking his life was the only way out.
Celisse, with all his physical strength and all his loyalty,
was not strong enough to receive Trocmé's vigorous ethic in to
his own life. He could not live his life without the
benediction of Trocmé's physical presence. His suicide showed
that he was utterly dependent upon Trocmé. (Hallie / 72)
Celisse could never repay Trocmé; he would always owe him a debt of
gratitude.
In Kant's eyes, Trocmé would be the truly virtous man.
Continent is a man that has an imperative like a commandment.
Generous action are right if they conform to a moral rule that a
rational agent would necessarily follow if the agent were acting in
accordance with reason. He is preoccupied with the moral will.
Agents must do what their morality dictates, and they also should
perform active because they are good. Kant would admire Trocmé
because he was morally commendable.
The nature of the act and the intention of the agent are the
key points when discussing Trocmé's generosity. According to the
Kantian perspective even though Trocmé had a passionate and violent
character, he restrained himself and did his duty, which was to
help the refugees. He had a strong will for the duty and no matter
what, he followed it. Kant would state that the problem in Celisse
and Trocmé's relationship was that both the receiver and the giver
have to be virtous in order for the act to be equally moral. Trocmé
was doing "the right" by being generous but Celisse didn't have a
strong moral will to do good acts. Also, regarding Kant's notion of
generosity and owing to the generous agent Trocmé would have never
said to the refugees "you owe me".
After reading about Trocmé's ethics of generosity according to
Kant and Aristotle I have reached my own conclusion. Trocmé made me
fell like I can beleive in the concept of neighbors again. The only
way to give and help others is to completely identify with them and
make their problems my own. I believe that one has to be sincere
and honest about the generous act, always keeping in sight the
elevation of the helped. In order to be succesful at loving, one
has to master the art of giving and being generous. Like Trocmé, I
believe in the Little Beast. The Little Beast is a fictional
character that Trocmé incorporates into the stories he tells his
children. The Little Beast represents the concept of generosity.
"Little Beast embodied le bien (goodness), and she always took the
side of somebody too weak to defend himself" (Hallie 140). The
Beast takes different forms and shapes and puts herself at risk in
order to help the needy around her. Andre Trocmé could play the
Little Beast's part in any story. Trocmé becomes symbolically
larger by defying the racist and abusive government. He endangers
his life and constantly fights for the less fotunate. Like the
Little Beast, Trocmé gives himself to the needy, "elevates their
humiliated souls to higher position, and affirms life. [and at the
end] celebrates the joy of living and of being saved from
destruction" (Hallie 140). The concept of "neighbor" was a key
point for both the Little Beast and Trocmé. Andre devoted his
existence to help flourish anyone who was in terrible need of
assistance. I learned from Tromé the concept of generosity without
limits, and I hope that someday, somewhere in my country, I act
like he did.
Department of Political Science
Wellesley College
106 Central Street
Wellesley, Massachusetts 02181-8256
>
(617) 283-2194 FAX (617) 283-3644
March 12, 1996
Karen Finney
Deputy Press Secretary
Office of the First Lady
103 Old Executive Office Building
17th St. and Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Karen,
Thanks for your advice over the phone on Friday in regard to
Carlene Hempel's interest in a press-related job for the President
and/or Mrs. Clinton. Carlene is outstanding professionally and
personally, and is eager to work in any appropriate capacity
either with the campaign or on the White House Staff. She is
prepared to leave her current position as the senior government
reporter for the Middlesex News whenever something opens up. I am
enclosing her resume, plus my own thoughts on her capabilities.
I have known Carlene since September 1990, when she was a
sophomore at Clark University in Worcester. She was a close
friend of my son Stephen, and I had numerous opportunities to talk
with her about her interest in a journalism career. Since her
graduation in 1993, we have conferred frequently on political
stories. Carlene consults me for "background" on a variety of
topics.
Carlene has incredible energy and high motivation. She
hustles for stories, and has quickly moved ahead of more
experienced journalists. Her editor trusts her implicitly with
highly sensitive assignments, including a major murder case here
in Massachusetts and an investigation in Russia of the plight of
seriously ill children who are occasionally sent to Boston-area
hospitals for medical treatment. She has written two government-
related stories a day for nearly four years.
In addition, Carlene is devoted to the Clintons and what they
are trying to accomplish. She knows how committed they are to
improving the lives of children, the poor, and unwed mothers.
Carlene started a volunteer organization while in college that led
to 400 students working in soup kitchens, shelters, and tutoring
programs for students and teen mothers.
Finally, Carlene is an impressive person. She is warm,
friendly, outgoing. She is relaxed and smiles easily. She
responds to pressure with equanimity. In sum, if you can find a
place for her, you will be getting a gem!
Best Regards,
Alan
Alan Schechter
03/14/1994 08:39
3053731916
RODHAM FOR SENATE
PAGE 01
Rodham for U.S. Senate
1898-Coral Way
Miami, Florida 33145
(305) 373-6283
(800) 573-6283
FAX (305)373-1916
FAX TRANSMITTAL
TO:
Karen
FAX #
202-456-7806
FROM: Tim Howe
NOTES
Here's Hughier bio, / hope
this lets your get Go home SOON. If you
don't want to so home, 90 over
to Chief like's ON Columbia Road +
tell me amigo Spike (the bar tender)
to boy give you some drinks ON me. (1