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Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women - September 5-6, 1995 [binder] [4]
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Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women - September 5-6, 1995 [binder] [4]
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FOIA Number: 2012-0094-F
FOIA
MARKER
This is not a textual record. This is used as an
administrative marker by the William J. Clinton
Presidential Library Staff.
Collection/Record Group:
Clinton Presidential Records
Subgroup/Office of Origin:
First Lady's Office
Series/Staff Member:
First Lady's Press Office
Subseries:
Lisa Caputo
OA/ID Number:
6059
FolderID:
Folder Title:
Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N.. Fourth World Conference on Women - September 5-6, 1995
[binder] [4]
Stack:
Row:
Section:
Shelf:
Position:
S
59
1
4
1
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
08/31/1995
P1/b(1)
002. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
03/28/1995
P1/b(1)
003. report
re: U.S. Government Report (2 pages)
03/14/1995
P1/b(1)
004. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
04/05/1995
P1/b(1)
005. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
04/05/1995
P1/b(1)
006. report
re: U.S. Government Report (I page)
06/05/1995
P1/b(1)
007. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
05/13/1993
P1/b(1)
008. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
05/13/1993
P1/b(1)
009. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
08/31/1995
P1/b(1)
010. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
03/29/1989
P1/b(1)
011. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
09/19/1990
P1/b(1)
012. cable
re: Minister Resigns (2 pages)
08/31/1995
P1/b(1)
013. report
re: U.S. Government Report (I page)
04/11/1990
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women,
September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act 15 U.S.C. 552(b)|
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA|
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
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AND TYPE
014. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
05/08/1987
P1/b(1)
015. bio
re: Stephen Lewis [Personally Identifiable Information] [Partial] (1
00/00/0000
b(6)
page)
016. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
09/23/1994
P1/b(1)
017. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
09/23/1994
P1/b(1)
018. report
re: U.S. Government Report (2 pages)
01/06/1995
P1/b(1)
019. report
re: U.S. Government Report (2 pages)
08/29/1995
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women,
September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA|
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA|
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors (a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
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marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
EVENTS
Divider Title:
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
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marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
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scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
WHO Colloquium
"Women & Health Security"
Divider Title:
WHO COLLOQUIUM - "WOMEN & HEALTH SECURITY"
DATE:
Tuesday, September 5
TIME:
11:15 am
LOCATION:
Beijing Commodities Center
FROM:
Brenda Costello
I.
PURPOSE
To underscore your interest in promoting women's economic security by participating
in a colloquium on women's health sponsored by the World Health Organization.
II.
BACKGROUND
In conjunction with the Fourth World Conference on Women, the World Health
Organization (WHO) is planning a Women's Health Day on September 5 with four
panel discussions on various topics and a colloquium entitled "Women & Health
Security" (see schedule attached). The WHO has asked you to give the keynote
address in the colloquium, which is a joint WHO/ UN Population Fund activity.
The goal of the colloquium is to promote health security for all women, ensure that
women have access to quality health care throughout their lifespan, and to reduce the
impact of poverty on women's health. In the WHO position paper on the
Conference, Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima states, "Sustainable progress will be achieved when
women are finally empowered to make free, informed and responsible choices, and
assert themselves as leaders in their own right within their societies. Women's health
is the surest road to health for all." (Note: The U.S. took the lead in the prepatory
meetings of the conference to highlight the comprehensive approach to women's
health, not just reproductive health.)
The "Women and Health Security" colloquium will be a three-part session, consisting
of opening addresses, your remarks, and panel discussion. Both Dr. Hiroshi
Nakajima, Director General of the WHO and Dr. Natis Sadik, UN Population Fund
(UNFPA) will give opening remarks before you arrive (bios attached).
You will arrive to hear remarks by Mrs. Gertrude Mongella, Secretary Genneral of
the FWCW, who will discuss violence. Following Mrs. Mongella's remarks, Dr.
Nakajima will introduce you. Your address will be followed by remarks and
discussion from three panelists: Princess Basma of Jordon and Lady Chalker, the
Baroness of Wallasey, who will both discuss poverty and health care (bios attached);
and Cindy Robins, an AIDS patient from Canada, who will discuss AIDS as a
women's health issue. Ms. Vivian Creegor of the UK is moderating. (Bios to be
forwarded.)
Note: There is an 18-minute video being shown at the beginning of the colloquium
before you arrive. This video, which will focus on threats to women's health,
including reproductive health, is apparently somewhat sensationalistic and violent.
The audience will be comprised of approximately 450 people, including
approximately 200 official Conference delegates, 100-150 NGO members, 20 Chinese
government officials, and members of the Press.
Topics for the four panel discussions to be held later in the day include: Women,
health and education; Women, health and work; Women, health and violence; and
Women and AIDS. Secretary Shalala will deliver the keynote address at the panel
discussion on "Women and AIDS" that evening.
WHO
The World Health Organization is an intergovernmental organization with 166
Member States within the United Nations System, whose mission is the attainment by
all people of the best possible level of health. The WHO has two main constitutional
functions: (1) to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international
health work; (2) to encourage technical cooperation for health with member states.
Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, WHO has six regional offices and
committees.
In 1981 the World Health Assembly, the annual meeting of delegates from all
Member States, unanimously adopted a Global Strategy for Health for All by the
Year 2000. The focus of the Strategy is to develop a health system infrastructure to
ensure resources for health will be evenly distributed, and that essential health care
will be accessible to everyone with full community involvement.
The WHO's position paper for the Fourth World Conference on Women outlines the
challenges the health community still faces in securing the health of millions of
women around the world, and points to both progress and setbacks in women's
health since the Nairobi conference on women in 1985.
(executive summary attached).
III.
PARTICIPANTS
Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima, M.D., Ph.D., Director-General, WHO
Mrs. Gertrude Mongella, Secretary General, FWCW
Dr. Nafis Sadik, Executive Director, UNFPA
Panelists and Guests
Dr. Aleya El Bindari Hammad, Exec. Administrator for Health Policy in
Development, WHO
Princess Basma Bint Talal, Jordan
Ms. Cindy Robins, Canada
The Baroness Chalker of Wallasey, UK
Ms. Vivian Creegor, UK
Dr. Nafsiah Mboi, Member of Parliament, Indonesia
Mrs. Nana Konadu Agyeman-Rawlings, First Lady of Ghana-TBA
Ms. Amparo Claro, Chile
Mrs. Maria Pia Fanfani, Italy -TBA
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
SEE TRIP BOOK
V.
PRESS
Open press.
VI. REMARKS
Prepared by Lissa Muscatine.
ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE
DR HIROSHI NAKAJIMA
DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Biographical Note
Dr Hiroshi Nakajima, Director-General of the World Health Organization, was born
in Chiba City, Japan, on 16 May 1928. He obtained his medical degree at the Tokyo
Medical College in 1955 and he holds a postgraduate degree in medical science. In 1984
he was awarded the Kojima Prize, the highest award given in Japan for achievements in
public health.
Shortly after graduation Dr Nakajima began his training in neuropsychiatry, first as
a junior physician in the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo Medical College, and
later, as a postgraduate fellow supported by the Government of France, in the Department
of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Paris University, and in the Institute of
Pharmacology of the same university where he received practical training in
pharmacology. From 1958 to 1967 he worked as a scientist at the National Institute of
Health and Medical Research Paris, carrying out research in basic and dinical
neuropsychopharmacology and finally, as principal scientist, supervising research activities
in the neuropsychopharmacological unit of the Institute. In 1967 he returned to his home
country as Director, Research and Administration, Nippon Roche Research Centre, Tokyo.
Between 1967 and 1973 he became internationally known in the field of pharmacology and
neuropsychiatry and contributed, as an expert nominated by his government, to a number
of WHO activities.
Dr Nakajima joined the World Health Organization in January 1974 in the position
of Scientist, Drug Evaluation and Monitoring. He became Chief, Drug Policies and
Management unit in 1976. It was in this position that he played a key role in developing
the concept of essential drugs, as Secretary of the first Expert Committee on the subject.
In 1978 the WHO Regional Committee for the Western Pacific, at its twenty-ninth session,
nominated Dr Nakajima as Regional Director; he was appointed to that office by the WHO
Executive Board at its sixty-third session in January 1979, and he took up his duties as the
Region's third Director on I July 1979. On the nomination of the Regional Committee he
was reappointed by the Executive Board for a further five-year term from 1 July 1984. In
May 1988, while still in office as Regional Director, he was appointed Director-General of
the World Health Organization by the Forty-first World Health Assembly. He took up his
duties as the Organization's fourth Director-General in July 1988. In May 1993 the Forty-
sixth World Health Assembly elected Dr Nakajima to a second term of office as Director-
General for five years from July 1993.
Dr Nakajima is the author of scientific articles and reviews relating to the medical
and pharmaceutical sciences, published in the English, French and Japanese languages.
He is married to Martha DeWitt Nakajima and has two sons.
P ' 2
2026078602 'ON XVG
STATE DEPT WASH DC 10/T
SEP- 1-95 FR: 9:11
BIOGRAPHY OF DR A. EL BINDARI HAMMAD
Dr Aleya El Bindari Harnmad currently holds the position of Executive
Administrator for Health Policy in Development (HPD) in the World Health
Organization. In this capacity she is responsible for health policy analysis, particularly
relating to the effects of development policies and economic strategies on the health
status of populations. From this analysis, health policy advocacy is carried out to
provide imput to the UN system and to casure the promotion of WHO's health policies
in the work of relevant agencies, organizations and bodies. A seminal part of this work
is carried out under the muspices of the WHO Task Force on Health in Development, of
which Dr Hammad is the secretary.
Dr Hammad is responsible for work on women's issues at a pulicy level, both
within and outside the Organization. In this capacity, Dr Hammad is Secretary to the
WHO Global Commission on Women's Health Her functions also encompass work on
human rights and health where WHO provides support to Member States and the UN
system in the review. design and monitoring of instruments and practices in the field of
health to protect and promote health-related human rights. As focal point for treaum
rights, she represented the Organization at the World Conference on Human Rights
(Viema, June 1993).
Dr Hammed has a wide range of experience in public health and education. Her
qualifications include a Masters degree in public health administration and a Ph.D. in
education (health and social anthropology) from Boston University, and post doctoral
studios at Harvard University, working with culturally deprived children in the USA.
Her ploneering work in the infancy of primary health care led to her appointment
to the WHO programme responsible for primary health care, in Geneva. She
participated in the preparation of, and attended the International Conference on Primary
Health Care held in Alma-Ata in 1978.
Dr Hammad's extensive knowledge and experience of the linkages between
health status and the development process led to her being responsible for intersectoral
action for bealth. During that time she was Secretary of the Technical Discussions held
during the Thirty-Ninth World Health Assembly in 1986, which were co-sponsored by
the United Nations, FAO. UNESCO, and the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP) and Habitat. She has also been designated as the Secretary for the Technical
Discussions, in May 1992 on the theme of Women, Health and Development, a
responsibility she has retained in her present position. She is also the focal point for
human rights and represented the Organization in the International Conference.
Dr Harninad is married and has two children.
80 'd
FAX NO. 2026478902
1/01 00 HSAM DEPT STATE
SEP- 1-95 FRI 9.45
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
INFORMATION
IC/95/64
CIRCULAR No. 64
20 July 1995
Distribution: HQ + RO
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
HEALTH POLICY IN DEVELOPMENT (HPD)
The Director-General is pleased to announce the appointment of
Dr Aleya El Bindari-Hammad, formerly Adviser on Health and Development Policies,
as Executive Administrator for Health Policy in Development (HPD), with effect from
21 July 1995.
The responsibilities of Health Policy in Development, which will report direct
to the Director-General, include the following:
I
Health in socio-tconomic development policies
Secretary of Task Force on Health in Development and Global Commission on
Women's Hemlth; Promoting leadership for health: health policy analysis
including intersectoral development policies; health aspects of socio-economic
development.
-
Health policy adveracy
Input to the UN system; ensuring the promotion of WHO's health policies in
the work of relevant agencies, organizations and bodies.
-
Human rights and health
Support to Member States and the UN system in the review, design and
monitoring of instruments and practices in the field of health to protect and
promote health-related human rights.
knid
2029478602 'ON FAX
STATE DEPT WASH DC :O/T
SEP- 1-95 FRI 9:16
Nafis Smith, M.D.
Under Secretary General
United Nations Population Feed
220 East 42nd Street
New York, NY 10017
Tele: 212-297-5111
Fax: 212-297-4911
Dr. Nafis Sadik, born
in Pakistan, is the
recipient of numer-
ous
prestigious
awards for her
numerous contribe-
tions to advancing the
cause of women and to alleviating problems
associated with population growth. She was
the first woman Director-General of
Pakistan's National Family Planning
Program, and as Executive Director of the
United Nations Population Fund with the
rank of Uader-Secretary-General, is the first
women in the history of the United Nations
to head one of its major voluntary pro-
grams. Dr. Sadik, as Secretary-General of
the International Conference OR Population
and Development (ICPD) successfully con-
cluded in Cairo in September 1994. was
most instrumental in focusing world atten-
tion on the urgent need to collectively
address the critical challenges and interre-
lationships between population and devel-
opment.
90.'d
'ON FAX
1/01 00 HSVM DEPT STATE
91.6 RRI 96-1 -238
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
08/31/1995
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
Briefing Book of the First Lady U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women,
September 5-6, 1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA)
h(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA]
h(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy ((b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
002. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
03/28/1995
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women,
September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA|
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
4:45 pm 6.15 pm
6:30 pm - 830 pm
PANEL DISCUSSION
PANEL DISCUSSION
FOURTH WORLD CONFERENCE
ON WOMEN
Women, health and violence
Women and ANDS
(A World Health Organization adtivity in
(A World Health Organization activity in
collaboration with the Centre for Human Rights)
collaboration with UNAIDS and the NGO Coaltion)
MCC
Keynote address: HE Ms Specions Wardera
Keynote address: Dr Donna Shalab, USA*
Kazibwe, Uganda*
Special guests: Dr Hilary Homars, UK
World Health Organization
Special guests:
Mrs Marie Pia fanfani, Italy*
Ms Volanda Simons, Trinidad
Dr Radhika Coomaraswarry,
Ms Cindy Robins, Canada
Sri Lanka
Professor Hakima Himmich,
Mrs Esoledad Alvear, Chile*
Morocco
Mrs Joyce Kadandara,
Mrs Ncerine Kaleeba, Ugands
Invitation to
Zimbabwe
Dr Adepeju Olukoya, Nigeria
Ms Joan Dunlop, USA
Dr Mabel dianca, Argentina
Mrs Patrida Giles, Australia
Moderators:
Dr Nafsiah Mool Indonesia
Women's
HOOTCHN HOC CHII
Dr E. Maxine Ankrah, USA
Challenges
To recognise the impact of all forms of violence on
Challenges
Health
women's health
To reduce womens vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and
To adopt strong measures fo: reducing violence
increase their ability to protect themselves against
against women
HIV infection
To promote health and support services for women
To recognize gender disparity as a root cause of
Day
who are subjected to violence
women's disproportionate vulnerability to HIV infec-
To ensure th at penal or criminaljustice systems pro-
tion
vide comprehensive legal protection against all forms
To recognize and build on the strength generated
Tuesday S September 1995
of violence, including those perpetrated against
through partnerships, in particular with men, in
Securities Exchange Building -
95 11:21 FAX 7914869
women during periods of war and conflict
combatting the AIDS pandemic
opposite BICC
TO generate self-empowerment of women through
Outcome
colective action and solidarity in order to develop net-
A call for a stop to violence against women
works and services for women by women
Outcomes
A call for unity of action to achieve greater effec-
Addresses and presentations
tiveness, revitalisation of curent efforts in the fight
will be delivered by
against HIV/AIDS
distinguished personalities
A commitment from delegations, NGOs and other
agencies to address the pressing issues of HIV:AIDS
through specific initiatives
ALL DELEGATES TO THE
CONFERENCE AND NGO FORUM
Refrashments will he served
ARE WELCOME
to the confirmed
" be confirmed
I 000
10:00 am - 1:00 pm
1:15 pm - 2.45 pm
3:00 pm - 4:30 pm
PANEL DISCUSSION
PANEL DISCUSSION
COLLOQUIUM
Women and health security
Women, health and education
Women, health and work
(A jo nt World Health Organization
(A World Health Organization activity in
5 World Health Organization activity in
Unted Nations Population Fund activity)
çollabor ation with the United Nations Educational
coll aboration with the International Labour of ke)
Sdentific and Cultural Organization)
Opening addresses: Dr Hiruchi Nakajima, WHO
Opening address: Mr Federico Mayor", UNESCO
Keynote address: HE Mr Assane Diop, Senegal
Mrs Gertruce Mongella, Rigio
Keynote address: HE Mr Julius Nverere, Tanza na
Special guests:
Dr Kaisa Kauppinen-
Toropainen. nbrd
HWCW
Cr Natio Sacik, UNFPA BIO
Special guests:
HE Mrs Surance Mubarak,
Ms Cecilia Lopez, Colcmbia
Egypt
Mrs Ela Bhatt. India
Keynote address:
HE Mrs H Bary Rocham
Ms lane Fonda USA'
Dr Florence Manguyu, Kenya
Clinton, USA'
Mr Shanker Chowdhury ndia
Mrs Noel Invin-Hentschel*,
Dr Ann Kerwin, USA
USA
Special guests:
HRH Princess Basma Bini
lalal, Jorcan
Challenges
Challenges
Dr Natsiah Mboi, Indonesia
o improve health by ensuring access toeducation!
To maximise the opportunisies for women to safe-
"Ho DCH
The Ft Hon The Baroness
information for girls and women
guard their health in the work envirun nent
Chalker of Wallasey LK*
To develop a culture for health which states that
To build on positive experiences of delegates in their
HE Nara Konadu Agyeman-
health education is an integral part of primary and
CAVE. work emironment "FOIT" which lessons car le
Rawings. Ghana*
secondary education
drawn for der appication
Ms Amparo Claro. Chie
b reduce the inecuities in employm ent condit ons
Mrs Maria Pia Fanfani, Italy*
Outcome
for women especially during periods cf crisis
Ms Cindy Robirs, Canada
Commitment by the international community to
educating girls and women, and to including health
Outcomn
Moderator:
Ms Vivan Creegor, UK
in the education core curriculum, as one of the most
Recommendations for the protection and promo-
powerful means for achieving the objectives of
ton of women's health in all work environments,
Challenges
development
formal and non-formal
To promote health security for all women
To ensure that women havearcess to quality health
care through out their life span, Including reprodul-
live health services during their reproductive years
To recuce the impact of poverty OR worner's health
Outcome
Commitment to equity, development and peace
as basic requirements for women's health security
recorded
to (e or hered
, K. be commed
WHO/FHE/95.9
5
Original: English
Discr: General
WOMEN'S HEALTH
Fourth World
Conference on Women
Beijing, China
4 - 15 September 1995
World Health Organization
Geneva, 1995
PAPER
78107266 3013 &
70:81 98. 20/93
Acknowledgements
This document IS based on contributions from
WHO Regional Offices, WHO Headquarters, and
experts in the field of women's health and
development around the world. WHO would
like to thank the numerous coileagues who
contributed to, and critically reviewed, the
document at different stages.
WHO wishes to express its gratitude for the
generous contribution of the Carnegie
Corporation which made the development of this
document possible.
General Editor: Dr A L Waddell, B.Sc.. Ph.D.
Design: Threefold Design. Oxfordshire, UK.
Printer: Lynx Offset Limited, Oxfordshire, UK,
This document has been printed on 5-star
ecofriendly paper which is totally chlorine-free.
Photo credits:
Cover: WHO/UNICEF/D. Budd-Gray
Preface: WHO/T. Farkas
Page 3: UNICEF/J Schytte
Page 4: anon
Page 6: P. and M. Marechaux
Page 8: anon
Page 10: WHO/E. Rice
Page 15: anon
© World Health Organization 1995
This document is not a formal publication of the
World Health Organization (WHO) and all rights
are reserved by the Organization. The document
may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted,
reproduced and translated, in part or in whole,
but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with
commercial purposes.
The views expressed in documents by named
authors are solely the responsibility of those
authors.
bee
D
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18:02 96 29/08
rrelace
IV
Introduction
1
PART I: Why women's health?
4
PART II: What factors affect women's health?
6
Poverty and other economic factors
6
Luck of personal and social status and opportunities
6
Demographic factors
7
Harmful practices - female genital mutilation
8
Lack of access to health care
8
Part III: What are the major issues in
women's health today?
9
Nutrition
9
Reproductive health
9
Work-related and environmental health hazards
12
Communicable diseases
12
Noncommunicable diseases
13
Substance abuse
13
Mental health
13
Violence against women
14
Part IV: The role of WHO in women's health
15
Towards better health for women
15
The work of WHO
17
Regional achievements
17
WHO - closing the gap
17
iii
WHO
4
5
Table of contents
Preface
iz.
Preface
We are not ssking for privilages for wemen. All we
are saying is that equitable care is not identical
care, particularly where physiological differences
obviously call for specialized health services.
Sustainable progress will be achieved when
women are finally empowered to make free,
Informed and responsible choices, and assert
themselves as leaders In their own right within
their secieties.
Women's health is the surest road to health for all.
Dr Hiroshi Nakajima
Director General of the World Health Organization
The 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women provides us with an opportunity to draw attention to the
challenges now facing the health community as it strives towards promoting - and ensuring - the
health of women everywhere. In many ways we have come A long way since the beginning of the
United Nations Decade for Women (1976-85). And yet we find ourselves faced with the same obstacles
to progress recognized then. Poverty, inequitable relationships between women and men, women's
urequal access to health care and education, and social and cultural factors that discriminate against
girle and women still prevent the attaining - and maintaining - of health for millions of women around
the world.
IT'
300 &
22110
Introduction
People generally accept the level of health and
well-being that their society defines 36
Box 1: Women speak out on health
appropriate for them. This has implications for
women, who often consider themselves
"What we need most for our health.' said a
"healthy" as long as they can fulfil the roles
group of women in a village not far from
expected of them. Millions of women around the
Bangalore, "is & rabbit-raising project We
globe, suffering from mainumition, anaemia,
could sell the meat and pelts and have a few
extreme fatigue, chronic pelvic inflammations,
rupees to spend the way we want: for food,
and much more, will describe themselves as
or a daughter school fees" In a Nepalese
being "in good health" as long as they can get up
village, the wamen had another des: What
in the morning, do a day's work, and cope with
we really need for our health is a bridge
household chores and Family obligations
across that gorge It would cut bird hours off
the trip for firewood
Historically women's health has been largely
defined by family and community interpretations
With A nudge from women themselves,
of culture and tradition. and by a medical
many societies are getting better at listening
profession in which men are the main decision-
to women and looking at the wor through
makers. In addition, the resources required to
toomen's eyes, to paraphrase the theme of the
ar hieve and maintain health have for too long
1995 NGO Forum on Women. This is a
been denied to individual women. The definition
healthy addition to the long prevailing
of health applied to a man - and the resources
predaminantly male viewpoint which has
allocated for this - have been influenced by social
often been accepted as applying to all To
perceptions of women S status and role, which in
look at the world Hunduen
turn interact with class, caste, race and ethnicity.
women is to bring hiddert the
open It suggests different priorities and?
Many women accept ill-health as their lot in life.
alternative
often ignoring painful and debilitating symptoms
because in their culture is women is expected to
endure without complaint: or because taboos and
to use as they wish, or if they want a better work
mvths have led them to believe that their health
environment then they are in fact defining health
problems stem from some sort of reproachable
in their own terms. and explaining what is
behaviour on their part; or simply because they
important to their physical, mental and social
have no alternative
well-being.
Such views are by no means universal, however.
When WHO adopted the goal of Health for All
Women and women's groups in all parts of the
by the year 2000, it again underscored its
world. increasingly supported by men, are
commitment to working for the health and well.
formulating their own interpretations of what
being of all people. especially those most in need
health means in the context of their own lives For
and in danger of being marginalized. We need to
many women it means not only physical well-
reaffirm that human rights and the goal of Health
being, but also exercising more control over their
ior All apply equally to women
lives and relationships and having the
For many years It was assumed that the
information and resources to take responsibility
differences between mon's and women's health
for their own health and that of their family - in
must flow from the biological differences
short. it means having choices. When women
between women and men. Consequently,
themselves are asked about health what they
attention was focused on this aspect of women's
have to say comes as a challenge to health system
health, namely pregnancy. childbirth and
planners. The needs women express at first may
women's role as mothers. Other major differences
seem only indirectly related to health - see Box 1
in It e lives of men and women received little
But If they say they want resources of their own
attention from the health sector
1
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69122 7910746
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In fact, women have health needs above and
civilians, especially women. The extent of this
beyond those related to pregnancy and
large-scale public violence - and the domestic
motherhood. Their health problems take different
violence that many women experience In their
forms at different stages of their lives. and in
daily lives - is only now becoming apparent.
different parts of the world. in some areas,
Violence is one of the major health concerns
women may die because they do no: have access
for women today.
TO services, or because services connot provide
The primary health care approach (PHC) - with
the basic skills, technology and equipment they
its emphasis on community participation -
need, while in other areas they may suffer from
enabled many women to take part in discussions
over-medicalization and inappropriate use of
of local health issues for the first time. The United
sophisticated technologies. In both cases the
Nations Decade for Women (1976-85) spurred an
needs and well-being of the women concerned
increase In local women's groups, including
are not being given adequate consideration.
those addressing health issues. These groups
Although the problems are different, many of
have grown in number and size, become more
the dynamics that lead to inequities in health
organized, and are now in touch with one
for women are much the same everywhere.
another through various national and
These are derived from the generally low status
international networks. Today the women's
of women legally. economically and socially;
health movement, in all its diversity from the
from the Imbalance of power in relationships
grassroots level to international gatherings, has a
which limits women's choices and ability to
significant influence on policies and programmes
protect their own health; and from the world's
affecting health and development
indifference to the abuse and neglect of women.
In any review of women's health the spread of
Progress in some areas of women's health has
the HIV/AIDS pandemic must also be taken into
been mixed with setpacks in others. There have
account. The pandemic has had " truly disastrous
been three very positive developments with
effect on the lives of both men and women.
regard to women's health since the Nairobi
However, it has made possible a far more public
conference on women in 1985:
discussion of topics that have previously been
difficult to address in a frank and open manner:
a return 10 the emphasis on health as a human
for example, sexuality, human rights issues
right. and renewed interest in the broad
related to sexual and reproductive health, and the
definition of health
inequality between women and men in
increasing use of gender analysis in health
relationships. The rapid spread of HIV infection
issues
has forced the world to look more carefully at the
intensified activism on women $ health. to the
differences in men's and women's experience
point that one 100 finds groups of people
with health and illness, and to look at the many
everywhere, men and women. advocating and
different factors limiting women's ability to
working for the fundamental changes in
protect themselves from ill-health. IIIV/AIDS
society that will lead to better health for
provides many insights into the ways in which
women.
gender issues can interact with biological factors
Two overall developments in the past decade
to the detriment of women's health.
have however had : significant and adverse
Women's health is A fundamental human right
impact or women's health:
and must clearly be promoted as such. The health
First, the late 1980s and early 1990s brought
of women is moreover a crucial determinant of
severe economic difficulties and painful
social and economic development - a point that
economic transitions in several areas of the
the World Health Organizatio contin uously
world. in many countries, the already meagre
emphasizes.
health and social vice budgets, including
Women are the comerstones of the family and
those allocated for women's needs, were
slashed. As a consequence, the quality and
assume responsibility far many of its most vital
accessibility of services deteriorated even
functions not only in regard to health and
further.
aducation, but also is food production and income
Secondly in mary places ethnic conflict. civil
generation Therefore the health of women is 8
wars and uprisings have further disrupted
prerequisite for the beatth of the whole family and.
health and social service systems, with much
by extension. of communities and societies.
of the violence having been directed at
2
1007
7810766 STILL
80/93
Human development. indeed human survival,
enhance a woman's personal health and well-
would be impossible without the contributions
being but also contribute to the development of
that women make, often at the expense of their
a nation's human resources." Investing in
own health Women and men both could make
women's health leads directly to women
additional contributions to human development
making personal choices they could not make
if they were to enjoy full health. Health for All is
otherwise, and helps them to be more effective,
not an achievable goal until millions more
whatever the mles they chonse to play,
women are empowered to promote and
whatever the tasks they undertake.
safeguard their own health, and consequently
their own development
Women - when provided with a supportive and
enabling environment - can improve their own
Investing in programmes that benefit women is
health and that of their families and
one of the most cost-effective development
communities, often in the face of many hardshipe
strategies. whether it be investing in women's
and constraints. The time is long overdue for an
health, or their education, or supporting them
acceleration of action on policies and
in income-generating activities. There is a
programmes that are truly supportive of women
synergy in these investments - they not only
in this endeavour.
Health Portnation and Development - WHO Position Paper World Health Organization Geneva, 1994 Prepared for the International
Conference on Pepulation and Development 1994 Cairo.
investing " health world depelopment report 1993. The World Bank.
3
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PART I
Why women's health?
Women $ health matters - to women themselves,
Collecting information on women's health
to their children and families, to their
permits a better understanding of their needs
communities, and to society as a whole The
and concerns. It is not enough however to
pervasive neglect of women. their inferior social,
simply collect data - women's health problems
economic and cultural status, their exclusion
need to be analysed from the perspective of
from so many aspects of human development -
women because they suffer from diseases and
education. access to resources. political power -
conditions that:
and their specific biological needs and functions,
affect women and men differently
have historically meant that women could not
are unique or more prevalent in women
take good health as a given. For many women in
are more serious in women or among some
large parts of the world, life is conditioned by
groups of women
poor health and inadequate access to the benefits
have different risk factors or different
health care can bring.
exposure to risk for women and men
In addition to the adverse effects on women
require different interventions for women
themselves, women's ill-health has a broader
and men.
societal impact:
During the last few decades there has been an
on children and families - malnutrition and ill-
evolution in programmes addressing women and
health in mothers can initiate a cycle of ill-health
health. due in large part to a significant shift
in the next generation, as many of these women
which is occurring in the way women are
will bear low-birthweight babies whose future
viewed:
growth, development and nutrition will be
Women as childbearers - initially, women were
jeopardized from the start.
viewed primarily as beneficiaries in need of
on household income and national productivity
specific services for themselves and their babies
- women are an increasing proportion of the
during pregnancy and childbirth. Another area of
formal labour market, apart from their
attention was family planning primarily as a
participation in food production for household
means of reducing fertility and thereby slowing
consumption - calculated at 80% in Africa - and
population growth. In both cases, women's
the informal markets. Malnutrition and lack of
health tended to be seen as a means to an end
health among women undermines their income-
rather than an objective in itself.
carning capacity, which is even more serious
Women as mothers and care givers - women
when one notes the growing proportion of
have been seen as guardians of family health and
female-headed households.
health care givers, with the emphasis on primary
4
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SK/0181 3714
30:81
9A
80
11
health care. This persp ective puts the emphasis
The empowerment of women is a fundamental
on women as people in need of information,
prerequisite for their health. This means
training and support so that they can contribute
promoting increased access for women to
10 the health of others
resources, education and employment and the
Women as individuals with multiple roles,
protection and promotion of their human rights
needs and potential - this more holistic. gender-
and fundamental freedoms so that they are
oriented approach looks at women in all their
enabled to make choices free from coercion or
roles and relationships. across the life span, in all
discrimination. Women will necessarily remain at
:
the contexts that may attect their health. It helps
the focus of health activities, but efforts should
identify the social and cultural determinants of
increased to factlitate their involvement in
health, notably relations between the sexes. This
programme development BC that they become
type of analysis has already provided new
participants in, rather than objects of. health
insights as to why good health eludes so many
Interventions. Women's contribution to human
women. However, there is much still to bc donc,
development must be reflected in their ability to
both to learn more and to translate the
share equally in the benefits development can
knowledge into programmes and action that will
bring. Women's health is an issue that concerns
make D difference in the lives of women.
everyone - women and men and the generations
of tomorrow
Due largely to action on the part of women
themselves, the decide since the pres ous world
conference on women held in Nairobi in 1985 has
Bux 2. Spotlight 011 gender
brought an increased public awareness of
women's health issues. Perhaps even more
WHO, in applying a gender approach to health, moves
important is the widening of perspective from
beyond describing women and wamen's health in
looking at women and health in isolation to a
isolation, but rather brings into the analysis differences
wider appreciation of gender issues"
between women and mer. It examines how these
SEC Box 2. In the health sector such widening of
differences determine differential posure to risk,
perspective has contributed to an improved
access to the benefits of technology and health care,
understanding of the many interactions between
rights and responsibilities, and control over their Irves.
women's health and socioeconomic
In practice, a gender approach leads to:
development. It has also helped to reveal the
More consideration of all thefactors that affect
diversity of needs amongst women, and the
women's health, not only mological factors, but
constraints that they face in addressing them.
social and economic status, cultural invironmental
The word "gender" is used to describe those
familial, occupational and political factors
characteristics of men and women which are
Moreattention to all Women's roles, not miy aus
socially constructed, in contrast to those which
wives and mothers
are biningically determined.
More attention to the mies to and responsibilities of
men, and the inequaliti between men and women,
People are born female or male, but learn to be
with any examination perspectives
girls and boys who grow into women and men.
and beliefs in relation to women's health concerns.
They are taught what the appropriate behaviour
More involvementol men in bringing about change
and attitudes, roles and activities are for them,
Listening towhot wanted have to say about health
and how they should relate to other people. This
and what 3.1.1 to know about f. rather
learned behaviour IF what makes up gender
than simply information to women
identity and determines gender roles.'
that the voices of
Gender is a dynamic concept which looks at the
women 22 health issues and in
system termed by the interrelations between men
carrying out, and monitoring
and women. These vary from one culture to
the
responsed
another. and from one social group to another
More attenhier to the entire duration of a women's
within a culture. But in practically all cultures the
life, from birth to death-health for everyone is a
role of women is subordinate to that of men. The
cumulative matter.
gender approach highlights the need for more
Greater recognition and support of women as active
equal relationships between men and women in
participants in the development of health care for
all matters. in order to fully address women's
themselves, their families and communities
health problems.
;
The Oxam Gender Trummy Memail. S. Williams. with] Seed and A. Mwau. Oxlam UK and Ireland. 1994
5
SIGE
91/018/
PAIRI
op
86/97
12.
PART II
What factors affect women's
health?
Poverty and other economic factors
health care if a family cannot afford the costs of
medication or transport, or if a women cannot
The statistics about women and poverty are all
afford to take time off from paid work to visit a
too familiar by now- the majority of the 13
health facility.
billion people living in extreme poverty are
women; women are more likelv to be poor than
Still, the correlation between poverty and poor
men, in all areas of the world, households headed
health for women is not a direct one. Economic
by women (between 10% and 27% in developing
growth does not necessarily guarantee better
countries) are more likely to be poor than those
health or higher status for all women because the
headed Ly men.
benefits are not equitably distributed. Indeed, in
general the health gap between rich and poor
The relationship between women and poverty
appears to be widening. A deteriorating
tends to be the same, whether one looks at urban
economic situation can create severe health risks
or rural women, or whether the data come from
for women even when they do not live in extreme
developed or developing nations People living
poverty. Ax the world has learned in recent years.
in countries with a low ranking on the scale of
women remain more vulnerable to adverse
human development invariably suffer from
economic trends than men, especially in times of
several combined forms of vulnerability in
rapid social, economic and political change
relation to health. knowledge and education,
purchasing power and income-earning capacity.
Lack of personal and social status
Poverty often means that people exist on
and opportunities
insufficient food or the wrong kinds of food. For
The status of girls and women in society, and
women. when this is combined with childbearing
how they are treated or mistreated. is a crucial
and a staggering workload. it often leads to
determinant of their health. Educational
serious mainutrition. Poor women are more
opportunities for girls and women affect their
likely to live in crowded. unsenitary housing
status and the control they have over their own
with an inadequate water supply Poverty and
lives, their health and their fertility in a powerful
gender-dehned roles limit access to education,
way. Equal opportunities for women in other
especially for girls, narrowing their possibilities
areas of their lives- for example in the judicial.
for future employment and denying them the
legislative, educational and employment sectors
opportunity to break out of the cycle of poverty
- would also directly promote and protect their
and ill-health Poverty limits access even to free
health and well-being
6
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The generally subordinate Status of women has
who have no access to primary schooling are
an impact on their health in many ways:
girls. Findings prepared for the World
Conference on Education for All suggest that the
Legal status - laws and customs about land
more education girls and women receive, the
ownership, inheritance. marriage or divorce chot
greater the likelihood that they will seek prenatal
discriminate against women need to be revisited
care during pregnancy and that they will be
Women should not be economically dependent
attended by trained health personnel during the
upon men or left entirely without resources of
births of their children. Although the relationship
their own since this would have a very negative
IS not uniform, fertility rates generally decrease
effect un their health and nutrition, and that of
as the proportion of women wiw attend school
their children, and other family members for
increases. Improving the health and weil-being of
whom they are responsible Even when laws
children and mothers cannot be sustained and
have been made more equitable, millions of
cannot be advanced further without primary
women continue to be disadvantaged because
education, literacy and basic knowledge for
custom prevails over law. laws are not enforced,
better living for girls and women.
or women are unaware of their rights.
Sun preference - the high value placed on sons
in some regions leads to discrimination with
Demographic factors
serious health consequences for girls and women.
Population dynamics reflect the life events of
In extreme cases it may lead to prenatal SEA
people - birth, growth, maturation, migration,
selection in favour of boys, or infanticide. in areas
family formation, aging. illness and death. Such
with a strong preference for sons, patterns of food
events are the driving forces of changing
distribution within a household may contribute
demographic and health profiles, and are
to malnutrition in girls. Young girls are more
inextricably linked to the health status of a
likely to he malnourished but less likely to
population. Therefore, the health of individual
receive treatment for mainutrition CT any other
men, women and children remains of paramount
health problem. The woman who has many
importance at each level of population change.
daughters may he under pressure to keep on
Bur demographic, epidemiological and
having more children until she produces sons.
sociocconomic factors in developing and
Lack of decision-making power and
developed countries alike are combining to create
participation - there 15 often A hierarchy within
new patterns of mortality and morbidity for both
households based on age and gender. The older
women and men, and to force a redefinition of
women in some families are quite influential, but
the determinants of women's health Such factors
younger women may have little autonomy and
include marriage and childbearing in adolescence
little weight in family decisions This becomes
at some parts of the world, contrasted with
important to women's health if they cannot. for
falling fertility rates in others as women are
example, take part with their husbands in
tending to have fewer children and to have them
decisions on family planning, or make decisions
later in life, increased exposure of women to
on their own about the emergency referral of
occupational hazards both within and outside the
children to a health facility.
formal work economy: the particular problems
Status through childbearing - many of the roles
faced by women at they grow older often
traditionally assigned to women are those of
without any personal or societal support
lesser value in a society, which tends to keep
networks: and the stark realities faced by women
women's social status low. On the other hand. the
in refugee or other displaced populations.
bearing of children, :s a role that is symbolically
highly valued and respected almost universally.
All of these - and other - demographic factors
Tt may aiso be the only way for women to gain
bring inevitable sociocultural and
status or to survive in a given society. However,
epidemiclogical changes, and challenge health
women receive little support in this role in terms
and social service systems One such challenge is
of policies or resource allocation
to prepare for changing health-care needs as the
Lack of education - when illiteracy rates are
proportion of older women increases. Another
considered, the gap between women and men
challenge is to reach young women new with
becomes even wider Globally, more than 960
information that will help them avoid the
million adults are illiterate. two-thirds of whom
preventable disabilities and illnesses of old age.
are women. In many parts of the developing
To meet these and other challenges, it will be
world. girls are simply not expected to attend
necessary to study the physical, economic and
school. Sixty million of the 100 million children
social situation of women in their locality, and to
7
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7810746 3711
21:81
98
be prepared to respond. Attention must be given
to instening to what women of all ages in the
Female gental institation H GMI
community are saying about themselves, and
their health concerns
FGM is a deeply rooted traditional practice
that adversely affects the health of girls and
Harmful practices -
women. It is a form of violence against them
female genital mutilation
that has serious physical and psychosocial
consequences, and is a reflection of
There are a significant number of practices that
discrimination against girls and women.
have a distinctly negative impact on women's
health and well-being Some examples are dowry
Definition of FGM
and bride price that may in some circumstances
All procedures which involve partial or total
lead 10 physical abuse, intimidation, or even
removal of the external female genitalia
death; and the practice of marriage and
and/or other injury to the female genital
childbearing petore girls have reached physical
organs whether for cultural or any other
and ps, chosocial maturity, which creates many
non-therapeutic reasons
health risks for young women. Most of the young
women in these situations are powerless to resist.
The social sanctions for duit XD so would Le
Lack of access to health care
severe, and they have few alternatives.
It has been found that women are grossly under
Another traditional practice with serious health
represented in statistics relating to the use of
risks for women is female genital mutilation
health services. Although they suffer from levels
(FCM) - a tradition deeply embedded in
of disease comparable to those of men - and even
patriarchal power structures and the desire to
higher in the area of reproductive health - many
control women's lives. Over time, however, both
do not get the care they need. They wait longer
men and women in societies where it is practised
than men before seeking treatment and have
have come to believe that FGM IS necessary and
difficulty leaving their families and household
in the best interests of the girl concerned.
duties behind if long hospitalization is required.
Such delays add to the risk of treatment failure.
An estimated 2 million young girls are subjected
In order to address - and redress - these
to rGM each year. Most of these girls live in
Africa, some in the Middle East, A few in Asia,
imbalances, health systems are taking action in
and an increasing number among immigrant
several pressing arcas - acc Box 4 in Part IV
communities in Australia, Canada. Europe and
Nevertheless, the long-term, more effective
the United States of America.
solution has to be to reduce the social, economic
and cultural inequities that are at the origin of
Women's groups health professionals. human
women's unequal and inadequate access to
rights activists, governments and international
health care.
agencies have all taken firm stands against FCM,
considering it a violation of children's - and
women $ - human rights. At the international
level. the Convention on the Rights of the Child
explicitly requires States to take all appropriate
measures to abolish traditional practices
prejudicial to the health CI ciddren. In 1994, the
World Health Assembly again called the
attention of the world to the detrimental health
consequences of FGM, and has called for the
elimination of FGM. In addition, the World
Health Assembly has declared that
medicalization of the procedure should not be
allowed under any circumstances.
8
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13
PART III
What are the major issues in
women's health today?
Nutrition
cancer, promotes child spacing, and reduces
fertility rates. 1 onger intervals between births
Malnutrition is undoubtedly the mos:
allow women time to regain their strength and
widespread and disabling health problem among
nutritional well-being before having another
women in. developing countries. It is often the
baby. Although these benefits of breast-feeding
result of two inequities: poverty and the status of
for baby and mother have been recognized for a
women These inequities lead, among other
long time. there has been @ lag in er suring the
outcomes, to the unfair distribution of food
practical support that breast-feeding mothers
within the family, and to the lack of money to buy
need ir their daily lives, such as adequate
good food. All of this is exacerbated by factors
nutrition and reduced workload. With more
such as ignorance of nutritional requirements.
women going to work outside the home,
illnesses and parasites (such as hookworm) that
supportive policies are also needed to ensure that
interfere with the body's utilization of food,
working mothers who want to breast-feed can
improper food storage or preparation, and taboos
continue to do so.
against eating certain foods. Malnutrition is,
moreover. a contributing factor in many other
Reproductive health
health problems that prevent women enjoying
physical, mental and social well-being
WHO is committed to implementing the
Programme of Action -especially in the area of
Although both men and women are affected by
reproductive health agreed upon at the
nutritional factors. women. for biological reasons.
International Conference on Population and
have a higher risk of suffering from health-
Development (ICPD) held in Carro in September
impairing nutritional deficiencies. Women and
1994. The definition of reproductive health
girls need more from than men because of
agreed upor in Cairo represents an important
menstruation, pregnancy lactation and other
widening of perspective, and contains many
demands on their body's iron supply. Insufficient
concepts that are of vital importance to the
iron in the diet leads to anaemia, a condition that
general health of women and men:
causes extreme fatigue and lower resistance to
disease, and in women to difficulties in
Reproductive health implies that people are able
pregnancy and childbirth. In developing
to have . satisfying andisate SEX life and that they
countries, about 55% of pregnant women and
have the capability to reproduce and the freedom
44% of all women suffer from anaemia
to decide If, when and low prion to do so. (It
Significant disparities exist not only between
Implies] the right ut access to appropriate
developed and developing countries but also
"Information and services will anable women
between different areas of the world. In some
settings there is a dangerous interaction between
to
go
childbirth
anaemia and maleria that greatly increases the
also
of
which:
risks for both mother and child in pregnancy.
Ms
the
relations,
and
Breast-feeding
prepreduction diseases.
Breast-feeding besides promoting child growth
Reproductive health is & crucial part of general
by providing the best possible nutrition for both
health not only is it a key element of health
physical and mental development. also benefits
during adolescence and adulthood it also sets
maternal health in several important ways In
the stage for health beyond the reproductive
addition to strengthening maternal-infant
years for both women and men, and has
bornting, breast-feeding immediately after
pronounced intergenerational effects. The
delivery may reduce the mother's risk of
reproductive health component of general health
postpartum haemorrhage and anaemia. Breast-
increases during adolescence and, particularly for
feeding also lowers the risk of ovarian and breast
9
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VI.8I 96 80/95
women. during the reproductive years. In old
Maternal mortality and morbidity
age, although general health cominues lu reflect
In the mid-1980s it was estimated that half a
earlier reproductive life events, other health
million women died each year from pregnancy-
issues become more important Even though at
related causes - 99% of them in developing
each stage of life an ind vidual's needs differ,
there 18 a cumulative effect across the life span -
countries. Unfortunately, little has changed since
then. Inadequate reporting in the past (and
events at each phase having important
today) makes it difficult to discern trends, butit
implications for future well-being.
appears that there has been very little reduction
Women bear by far the greatest burden of
in global maternal mortality, in spite of the fact
reproductive health problems. Women are at risk
that almost all of these deaths could be prevented
of complications from pregnancy and childhirth;
with existing knowledge and technology.
they must deal with unwanted pregnancy, suffer
the complications of unsafe abortion, bear most
Sexuality and reproductive
of the burden of contraception, and are more
health in adolescence
exposed to contracting, and suffering the
Whether they live in developing or developed
complications of, reproductive tract infections,
countries, adviescent girls and buys are subject to
particularly sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
many health risks in a rapidly changing world,
Biological factors alone do not explain women's
but for adolescent girls, some of the biggest risks
disparate burden Their social, economic and
they face are related to reproductive health.
political disadvantages have a hugely
Female children and adolescents (as well as
detrimental impact on their reproductive health
young males) are highly vulnerable to pressure
Young people of both sexes are also particularly
from older people to have sex - such pressures
vulnerable to reproductive health problems
can be experienced both inside and outside their
because of A lack of information and access to
own family
services.
Unless young people who are sexually active
This concept of reproductive health. as promoted
have appropriate information, skills and services,
by WHO and its partners. is based upon
they risk very serious health problems. including
principles of gender equity and human rights.
sexually transmitted diseases (3TDs) and HIV
Human sexuality and relationships between the
infection leading to AIDS. For girls, unprotected
sexes directly affect the ability of young people
sex can also result in an unwanted pregnancy and
and adults - both women and men - to maintain
childbirth. In addition to the physical dangers of
good reproductive health. Putting these
carly childbearing (inside or outside marriage) it
principles into effect will require the involvement
can mean the end of their education, greatly
of those most directly concerned - women
reduced employment prospects, and having to
themselves and young people It will also involve
assume the responsibilities of parenthood before
a multisectoral effort to increase access to care
they are ready for them. If they resort to unsafe
and to improve quality SO that no opportunity is
abortion they run many more health risks.
missed to offer people a full range of
reproductive health information and services.
Family planning
Family planning services should provide
information, education and universal access to the
full range of safe and rehable methods, and be
closely linked to, or integrated with, other
reproductive health services Family planning
programmes must focus on enabling people to
make informed divices about the timing, number
and spacing of their children, and on empowering
women to manage their own fertility, while
emphasizing men's joint rule and responsibilities
in healthy sexuality and reproductive health.
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Unsafe abortion
Each year there are about 20 million unsafe
Women and sexually ansmitted diseases
abc ruons performed worldwide. it is estimated
It is estimated that 165 million cases of
that at least 70.000 women die as a result of these
curable STD occur globally each year among
abortions. while millions more become infertile
Women aged) 15-49 years. Case numbers are
or are left with other Insting damage to their
distributed as follows with many women
health. Unsafe abortions account for a sizable
having more than one disease:
proportion of all maternal mortality and
syphilis
G.5 million
morbidity, and in some countries may be the
cause of more than half the total number of all
gonorrhoes
31.3 million
chlamydia
47.0 miltion
maternal deaths.
trichomons
80.0 million
Unsafe abortion is a major public health issue
STDe in women are not easily identified and
and a clear indication of unme! needs for
cured for a number of reasons:
contraception. The health consequences of unsafe
over 50% of STDe in women are
abortion should be recognized and managed and
asymptomatic
counselling and care provided for all
diagnosis is difficult
complications. Where abortion IS legal it should
women's access to services is frequently
be snfe. All women should have access to high-
poor, because STD management is rarely
quality and affordable counselling and services.
provided as part of an integrated
including post-abortion family planning
approach to women's health needs.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
This leads to complications which seriously
including HIV/AIDS
impair the health of women causing
considerable mortality and morbidity.
Biolegically women are more susceptible to most
STDs cause pregnancy-related
sexually transmitted diseases than men. at least
complications, sepsis, spontaneous
in part because of the greater mucosal surface
abortion, premature birth, stillbirth and
exposed to a greater quantity of pathogens
congenital infections.
during sexual intercourse. In addition, the risk of
1-5% of all maternal mortality is due to
transmission of 57Ds, including HIV infection, is
ectopic pregnancy
greater whenever the vaginal mucosa is
35% of postpartum morbidity is
damaged. As a result of such factors most STDs,
attributed to STDs
including HIV infection, are transmitted more
almost two thirds of cases of Infertility
readily from men to women than from wemen to
among are attributed to STDs List
men. Women with STDs are more likely than men
I7-40% of all gynaecological admissions
to be asymptomatic. and therefore are less likely
to seek treatment for STDs, resulting in chronic
are the 183 the
almost had semillion new cases of
infections with more long term complications.
cervical cancer each year in the
Untreated STDs increase the likelihood of HIV
cancer is the security
infection occurring during unprorected sex with
most common cancer in the world.
an HIV infected partner.
Worldwide burden of STD in
These biological factors are compounded by
Stimes that
sociecultural ones. In many parts of the world
women have little or r.o control over decisions
relating to sexuality. no: do they have control
experienced, and who have had more partners
over the sexual behaviour of their male partners
and thus are more likely to have become infected
or the use of condoms for the prevention of
This plays a particularly important role when
STD/HTV infection or pregnancy The symptoms
adolescent women have sex with older men. The
of STDs may not be recognized as needing
HIV/AIDS pandemic provides some diamatic
treatment. Stigmatization, which is particularly
illustrations of these issues, and of the need for
acute for women with STDs keeps women from
sex- and age-specific analysis of data. In many
seeking treatment. or services and facilities
places, young women are becoming infected with
suitable for women may not be available In most
HIV and progressing to AIDS at much earlier
cultures, women tend :0 have sexual partners
ages than men
who are older. who are usually sexually more
11
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18
It is essential to address the power relationships
feeding. Women are also likely to be the care
between men and women and provide women,
providers when their husband or someone in the
especially young women, with the personal
family or community 13 sick with AIDS. When
skills and conSidence to refuse sexual relations
sick themselves, they may not get support or
when they 60 wish. This will be possible,
care. Many older women in the areas hardest hit
however, only when women have sufficient
by the pandemic find themseives taking care of a
status and economic opportunities to reduce
number of children orphaned by ATDS. It is to be
their dependence on men for survival and
hoped that the growing understanding of how
relative well-being.
HIV/AIDS affects women will lead to more
effective interventions to help them protect
The rise of the HIV/AIDS pandemic has
themselves against it, and to more support for
confirmed what women's health advocates have
those who are affected.
long been saying: women's poor health is linked
to their relative powerlessness in relations with
Work-related and environmental
men. stemming in part from on inferior social
health hazards
status and economic dependence. and in part
from society's tolerance of human rights
WHO promotes a definition of occupation which
violations against women.
includes all women's paid and unpaid tasks,
Women bear much of the burden ot the
performed insicle or outside the home. Women
HIV, AIDS pandemic in other ways. In HIV-
are more likely than men to work in situations
infected women, the virus can pass on to their
where they are not protected against exposure to
children during delivery or through breast-
potential health hazards. Outside the home.
women tend to work in the informal sector or in
smaller, less-regulated enterprises. In rural areas
Women and the HIV/AIDS pandenic
women and men are frequently exposed to
pesticides and other toxins Whether in the
From almost being absent from the
formal or informal sector, the health hazards
IIIV/AIDS pandemic in 1980, women
relating to women's work have been
infected with HIV now number 7 to 8 million
inadequately studied. and as a result are poorly
Some one million new infections occur in
addressed.
women each year, mainly through
Women's work is not confined to the formal and
unprobected sexual intercourse. Every minute
informal sectors. In most cultures. women
2 women are infected with HIV every 21
minutes onervuman dies Che AIDE By the
continue to carry the main responsibility for
maintaining the household, including caring for
year 2000 million will have
the children, the sick and the elderly. Ir. many
been and about4 million will Have
developing countries. the time, work and sheer
Advert In sume regions where]
physical burden involved in satisfying basic
transmission is predominant Women
requirements for food water and fuel car be
inrected with HIV outnumber men'6 to 5.
enormous. When women's increased
The Examission of HIV from"men to
participation in wage-labour is added to their
women is 24 times more efficient than from
household responsibilities. the resulting "double
women to Data suggest Unt.STD
or triple burden" means that women work far
longer hours than men.
lesion and
accountion
Communicable diseases
Studi
30%
wodlen sextial
in recent years, the use of gender analysis in the
intercounts WHEN à single male partner who
study of tropical diseases has led to a better
In turt has had or is conduining to have-
appreciation of how such diseases in women
differ from those in mer.
protocteds with other partners
Women's vulnerability is in Fact linked to
Women have a different risk of exposure to
their low status in society/and their
certain tropical diseases than men This is = 4
cconomic, cultural and social dependence
consequence of their traditional roles related to
nn their male partners
water (schistosomiasis). cultivation (malaria,
filariasis), domestic roles (dengue Chagas
12
WHO
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19
disease, and leishmariasis) and certain biological
climbing and climbing fastest among young
characteristics (for example, during pregnancy
women. An estimated 21% et women in the
when malaria is an important cause of maternal
developed world are smokers - in the developing
death abortion, miscarriage, stillbirth and
world the corresponding female smoking
neonatal death)
prevalence is estimated at 8%. in some developed
countries the numbers of male and female
Women's social and economic activities are
smokers are currently converging In many of
particularly attected by diseases which lead to
these countries fewer men than women are
disfigurement or stigmatization. Women
taking up smoking and. in addition, the
frequently do not seek care for themselves or for
prevalence of female smoking is not declining as
their children following infection with tropical
rapidly as it is among men.
diseases.
Socially. women drinkers are more likely to
Tuberculosis
become isolated. They are less likely than men to
luberculosis - seldom a prominent item or. the
seek treatment. A study in one Latin America
agenda of women's health advocates - is
country found that nine out of ten husbands
leave their alcohol-asidicted wives, whereas one
reponsible for the deaths of around one million
out of ten wives leaves her alcohol-addicted
women each year. For reasons not fully
husband.
understood, women seem to be most vulnerable
to tuberculosis in their early and reproductive
The rehabilitation and treatment needs of women
years. The biological changes that occur in those
drug abusers differ from those of men However.
years may make women more likely to progress
very few rehabilitation facilities specifically
to tuberculosis once infected. Tuberculosis is an
address women's needs. and there is a general
indirect or contributory cause of many maternal
lack of information on how w deal with drug
deaths.
abuse among women.
Noncommunicable diseases
Mental health
As infectious and parasitic diseases are brought
A gender perspective when applied to mental
under control and as populations age,
health, takes into account men's and women's
noncommunicable diseases become more
status, roles and positions in society. A recent
prominent. Women now spend a much greater
WHO publication on women's mental health
proportion of their lives in the post-reproductive,
concludes:
post-menopausal years. Even if the problems are
similar for instance, breast cancer or cervical
When women's position In society is examined, it is
cancer - the strategies fer dealing with them
differ for younger and for older women. Older
clear that there are sufficient causes in current
women are more vulnerable to cardiovascular
social arrangements to account for the surfeit of
disease. diabetes and cancers - noncommunicable
depression and anxiety experienced by women.
diseases will therefore play a larger role in
women's health in coming years. in addition, the
problems of older women often differ from those
In developing countries, community surveys
of older men, for example in the higher morbidity
usually find more women than men suffering
hom some form of mental illness, but more men
rates associated with incapacitating
osteomuscular diseases such as osteoporosis and
getting treatment. In developed countries.
arthritis, and the higher levels of depressive
depression is the most common mental disorder
illness among women. Not enough is known
among women. Although adequate data are
about how noncommunicable diseases and
lacking in developing countries, it appears that
conditions are manifested in women.
the same IS true there.
Substance abuse
The gender perspective has been a useful
addition to the work on women's mental health.
Gender-sensitive research has uncovered many
But there is still much to be done in order to
differences between men and women in their
understand the origins of mental illness in
experiences with substance abuse. For example,
women; to help women find ways to protect their
the rates of tobacco smoking among men have
mental health and avoid illness; and to develop
levelled off or declined in many developed
and disseminate more effective treatment
countries, while the rates among women are still
strategies for women.
13
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Violence against women
Violence against women
In a world where violence seems endemic, both
men and women experience it in many forms and
shown here indicate
both suffer considerable damage in their health
violence and
and weil-heing because of it. But the nature of the
violence they are exposed to is almost always
different, the causes of it are usually different.
indicate that from
women
have
and the impact on their lives is different.
been
partner's
Women are exposed 10 a continuum of violence -
study found the
from domestic violence taking place in the home.
B
the
police
where the woman or girl usually knows the
54 the husband
assailant to settings outside the home where
and of Women
women are subject to random violence by people
patients
unknown to them; to the large-scale, systematic
of injaries
violence against women found in situations of
conflict and mass movements of people.
to The Names 3
TRIC married
Some women make repeated trips to emergency
rooms and clinics, each time with more serious
had been battered; and almost one in rive
injuries. Their injuries are often not recognized or
of these women had gone to Phospital
reported as deliberate violence until they end in
Herbeing
homicide.
A study in Alexandria, showed
AS the ding cause of
Most health systems and health planners at all
injury to women, accounting for 25% of
levels have been slow to respond to this "hidden
all visits by women to trauma units
epidemic". Women in many countries are
In a survey En the Kisii District of Kenya,
demanding that the health sector:
42% of women reported being beaten
regard domestic violence as a serious public
regulariy* by their partners
health issue
In James.com study among girls aged
undertake more specific research on its causes.
11-15 years mind that 40% reported the
consequences and ways to prevent It
for their first sexual Intercour
disseminate information about demestic
violence to health workers or conduct training
In phattonal representative sample of
to strengthen their ability to recognize the
Canadian women 29% of those eyes
signs of domestic violence
matried physically
Women are especially vulnerable in situations ot
by their mment or former
armed conflict or mass population movements.
partners
Women forced to leave their homes as refugees or
Source: From
displaced persons are often separated from the
men in their tamilies and have few means to
protect themselves from viclence. A refugee
woman who has children or other dependents
with her is vulnerable to sexual exploitation. Her
only means of assuring their food and safety may
be to accede to the demands for sexual tavours
made by soldiers. border guards or camp
administrators.
In recent hostilities, there have been many
examples of violence against women being used
as a punitive measure against the enemy. This
systematic rape and hrutal sexual abuse destroys
the dignity of women and violates many of their
human rights, including their right to physical
integrity, to survive, and to lead full and fulfilled
lives.
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21
PART "
The role of WHO in women's health
Towards better health fur women
partnerships must be established between
health care providers and clients and with
Almost 50 years ago the International Health
sectors other than health
Conference defined health as:
health services should be integrated to
promote a holistic approach to health care
a state of complete physical, mental and social
provision
wall-being. and not merely the absence of disease.
to invest la human resources 15 to invest in
social and economic development
This definition is embodied in the WHO
optimal use should be made of human and
Constitution which also affirms the
material resources
interventions must be sustainable.
averyone has the right to the highest attainable
Women do not perceive their bodies as separate
standard of health
groups of organs each requiring a different set of
interventions. Nor do they see their lives as a
WHO's activities in women's health Are guided
series of discrete periods with the ages around
by the following operational principles, which
pregnancy and childbearing as being the only
are fundamental in promoting the centrality of
ones of significance. And women are concerned
human health and well-being to the process of
not only with their own health needs out also
development.
with those of their children and other family
health is a fundamental human right
members.
the highest ethical standards must be
Yet the way health systems have been set up
maintained
around the world is such that it is almost
equitable relationships between women and
impossible to find a single facility that can
men and equality of opportunities must be
address simultaneously the needs of young and
achieved
older women, their children, cr different
services must be accessible
concerns such as reproductive tract infections
quality of care must he assured
and tropical diseases Research will be needed to
individuals, families and communities must
develop alternative models providing such
be fully involved in the promotion and
integrated services in different socioeconomic
protection of their own health
and cultural settings.
a life-span approach to health must be taken
15
WHO/FHE/93
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22
improving women's health and eliminating
Work for improved sex- and age-
inequalities requires partnerships of many kinds:
disaggregated data collection and analysis to
women and men; old and young; international
sensitize policy-makers and lead to more
agencies, governments and NGOs: researchers in
effective action in the health sector.
many disciplines: health professionals, women's
For WHO, one of its most valued partnerships is
health advocates, programme planners: and
with women health care providers - those
users of health services. In its own activities
millions of women who work day in and day out
WHO will continue to:
in health systems around the globe - dee Box 3. In
Advocate for greater allocation of resources to
looking at women and health, there is a tendency
programmes that effectively address the health
to concentrate on women in need of health carc
needs of women.
or women as users of health services However.
Promote preventive strategies and
WHO is mindful, too. of the inestimable
programmes.
contribution made to health by the women who
Promote and expand the use of gender-
provide health care to others - this despite the
sensitive approaches in all health
often poor salaries and limited career
programmes, through staff orientation,
opportunities available to women in largely
expansion of training activities in the regions
male-dominated health-system hierarchies.
and support for national training activities.
Ensure that the voices of women are heard in
At the end of the 20th century. global economic,
social and political shifts make it imperative for
identifying health issues, planning and
the perspectives and contributions of women to
carrying out interventions. and evaluating the
be brought more forcefully into the health and
results.
Advocate for a greater proportion of women in
development arena. WHO has an opportunity
and a responsibility to address women's health
decision-making and leadership positions in
the health sector at all levels, from local and
and quality of life issues in all of its activities.
district health offices, to national ministries, to
Women's health must now assume its rightful
place high on all social, economic and
the highest levels of international
development agendas
organizations.
Box 3: Women in the health system
Women the They give years of
dedicsted
health
doctors
pharmacies
and
heir
contributions
the
community
hind one and hours are health ad vocates,
and
then
children,
the
elderly
and
the
In SOUTH ve with distinction at the sughest levels of national health
systems: women at the for decision king
that
Cender
discriminad
combined
workers face
to
vomen
cultural
facilities
may
maid
to
recruit
women
thet
It
is
Important that
women
in
the
health
againstin
pay
opportunities.
workers in then first years at work. They should also
Miransport and due arrangements should be safe and culturally
16
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23
The work of WHO
WHO - closing the gap
Part of WHO's commitment to improving
WHO's future activities to improve women's
women's health is to make sure that the voices of
health will continue to include setting norms and
women are heard whenever decisions are made
developing guidelines. policy development. the
about health. Particular attention is being paid to
provision of technical support, and research
incorporating a gender perspective and
Increased efforts will be directed towards:
addressing women's concerns in the work of
Advocacy for women's health and gender-
WHO at both Headquarters and Regional levels.
sensitive approaches
Many programmes across the range of WHO's
Promotion of women's health and prevention
activities have made efforts to increase the
of ill-health
emphasis placed upon women's health 25 an
Making health systems more responsive to
issue in to own right, and have attempted to
women's needs.
ensure that this is reflected in programme
Advocacy for the importance of women's health.
activities.
and for the need to develop effective policies and
WHO has strengthened the emphasis given to
programmes to address it will continue to be
women's health issues by creating the unit of
needed. It was with such issues in mind that the
Women, Health and Development (WHD) within
Global Commission on Women's Health was
the Division of Family Health (FHE). The
established in 1993 in response to resolution.
objective is to accelerate activities in women's
WHA45.25 on Women, health and development
health. and develop and consolidate a coherent
emanating from the 1992 Technical Discussions at
and comprehensive strategy. At the regional
the World Health Assembly. The purpose of the
level focal points on womer, health and
Global Commission on Women's Health is to
development work to strengthen and coordinate
promote the adoption and implementation of
activities for women in all WHO programmes,
effective measures at all levels for improving
and to lisise with other organizations of the
women's health. and to carry our international
United Nations system concerned with women's
and national advocacy in the area of women's
health and development.
health concerns.
All of WHO's work in women's health is guided
Promotion of women's health and prevention of
by the Ninth General Programme of Work, which
ill-health involves addressing the underlying
draws attention to the risks of marginalization of
sociocconomic and other factors that determine
vulnerable groups. particularly women. in
women's health status and affect their access to
overall development. It also emphasizes the
information and services. It requires legal,
human-rights basis for the protection of women's
regulatory and other mechanisms to promote and
health at all stages of life, noting their increased
support improvements in women's health. WHO
vulnerability in situations of economic hardship,
has a role to play in the following kev areas:
violence, warfare and environmental
Legislation and health policies to ensure
degradation. Among the major intended results
that discrimination against women is
of the Ninth General Programme of Work are the
Identified and that efforts are made to
removal of inequities and the meeting of the
introduce required changes. Education,
special needs of women.
legislation, information and other measures
Regional achievements
can, for example, improve communication and
shared responsibility between men and
WHO Regional Offices actively promote
women on responsible parenthood, sexual and
women's leadership and participation in health
reproductive behaviours and prevention of
through consultations, through national and
STDs (including HIV/AIDS)
regional networks involving governmental and
Investment in female education including
nongovernmental representatives, and through
taking affirmative steps to keep girls and
workshops and leadership training programmes.
adviescents in school, developing note gender
Although each Region has a different focus for its
sensitive curricula, and sensitizing parents to
activities, a number of commonalities emerge,
the value of educating girls.
such as the need for improved data collection and
Improvement in women's economic status -
analysis: for more research on women's health:
especially focusing on poor or vulnerable
and a universal concern for reproductive health
women.
issues.
17
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Making health systems more responsive to
women's needs is another major focus in which
WHO has particular responsibilities, both
because of its technical expertise and also because
it can bring women's health w the attention of
those in a position to make changes. On the basis
of its past experiences in the area et women's
health and in the light of newly emerging trends,
WHO has identified a number of areas for
immediate action. Change in these areas could
bring about rapid yet lasting improvements in
women's health:
Improving access to health care
Improving quality of care
Involving women in the planning and
implementation of interventions
Responding to the needs of women health
care providers
Encouraging discussion of ethical issues in
health
Providing information to women
Gathering and analysing information about
women and their health.
Reduc
Improving access to health care
Women in developing countries, and poor
Businews
women everywhere. tend to have less access to
postnatilicare)
health inputs and services than do men.
Underlying those inequitable parterns of access
gender-sensitive approach to the needs of women
are social cultural and economic factors which
on the part of health-care providers, and a
include practices that discriminate against
rethinking of the relationships between providers
women and girls; and a lack of women's control
and clients, one that removes the aura of
over household resources. As a result, barriers to
infallibility and power of the provider, and
the use of health services - for example time and
recognizes the skills and knowledge of the client
travel costs, and health system deficiencies - may
in her own health care. Addressing quality of care
pcse greater obstacles for women than for men.
also means addressing the fragmented way in
More women can be reached by health services if
which women's health needs are currently
better use is made of peripheral services It is less
addressed. Research will be needed to develop
costly, in terms of both time and money, if people
alternative models providing such integrated
living in rural areas can get adequate care in
services in different socioeconomic and cultural
facilities that are close by. But very often, the bulk
settings.
of a country's limited resources for health is
directed to the terbary facility in the urban area
Involving women in the planning and
or capital city. Bringing health care closer to
implementation of interventions
where people live, through known and trusted
providers - along with a range of other measures
One important mechanism to improve quality of
(Box 4) - could do much to reduce the gap
care is to involve women in decision-making 80
between women and health care services.
that they become active participants in their own
health care. This means that women participate
Improving quality of care
as equals in planning. implementing and
Improving quality of care is critical to improving
evaluating policies and programmes, and that
women's health, to increasing access to and use
interventions are developed in a holistic and
of health services, and to using limited resources
integrated manner. WHO's primary health care
effectively. Much of the difficulty of achieving the
approach has underscored the necessity of
hest balance can be resolved through a more
involving women.
18
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'4122 7910746
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25
Responding to the needs of women
information to make decisions about when to
health care providers
seek health care and from whom.
Much of the discussion on women's health uses
The idea of a Healthy Women Counselling Guide
language that defines women as needing care.
(HWCG) was conceived by several programmes
However, to a large extent, women are also the
of the World Health Organization as a tool to be
main providers of health care - see Box 3 above -
used by rural women. The guide is intended to
particularly in the traditional health care systems
provide information to women about their
and at the most peripheral levels of modern
health, in a way that can be understood readily
health-care structures. Yet little attention has been
by both literate and illiterate women. The
given to the constraints within which they work.
information given to women in the HWCG will
to the difficulties faced by women in this role or
be strengthened by more positive feedback and
to ways of improving their status and standing in
interaction with health workers.
the community. Efforts need to be made to
Gathering and analysing information
improve their working conditions and promotion
about women and their health
prospects, and to increase their access to the
skills, supplies and equipment needed to fulfil
A significant constraint in dealing effectively
their functions effectively.
with women's health needs is the continuing lack
of sex-differentiated data. Whereas WHO has
Encouraging discussion of
ethical issues in health
long collected and analysed data on cause of
death for males and females separately, the same
Ethical issues have concerned health
has not been true in relation to the incidence and
practitioners since ancient times. In recent
prevalence of specific diseases such as
decades a new range of ethical concerns have
tuberculosis, and malaria and other tropical
arisen as a result of technological advances.
diseases. There is very little information on their
Many of these concerns centre on "women's
differential impact on men and women. It is not
issues" - infertility, fertility regulation, pregnancy
enough simply to collect data - it has to be
and childbearing. This has led to considerable
analysed from a gender perspective. Do the data
debate in both developed and developing
indicate differentials in incidence or prevalence?
countries, in part reflecting conflicts between
What are the possible sources of such
religious and secular approaches. Ethical
differentials? Do they lie in biological factors such
guidance, and associated programmes in ethics
as different responses to disease or differences in
education, with input from professionally
reactions to treatment; or are they a reflection of
qualified people, is needed to ensure that policies
social factors such as differences in exposure, in
at the national level embody the recognized
health-seeking behaviour, or coping
precepts of contemporary bioethics. National,
mechanisms?
regional and institutional ethics committees, with
In order for Member States to be able to use
representation of all concerned sectors and
relevant information for policy development and
professional groupings, especially women, can
management, and to include such information in
play a role in fostering adherence to ethical
norms in this area, as well as other areas in
their regular reporting on women's health and
health. WHO and other international
health care, it will be necessary to ensure that
organizations are promoting the development of
health information systems collect and analyse
sex- and age-specific data as a matter of routine.
ethical guidelines that can help to create a
template for national efforts. WHO believes it is
Analysis and reporting of women's health need
imperative for women - whether as health care
to go beyond looking only at reproductive health
issues in order to assess the effect of sex
providers or users of services - to have a major
differences and attitudes on women's health as a
part in all discussions related to health care.
whole.
Providing information to women
A major constraint that women face is lack of
In the coming years WHO, its partners, and
information. Women need to know about danger
health systems globally must face up to the
signs and symptoms, and when to seek health
challenge of "closing the gap" between rhetoric
care, whether for themselves, their children or for
and reality, and to give far greater attention to
Extended Page
other members of their families. They also need
women's health issues.
19
WHO
26
Conclusion
All individuals have the right to "the highest
health and human development has been
attainable standard of health". But when it comes
recognized and awareness is now growing of the
to women, double standards, poverty, social
extent of that contribution and of the enormous
discrimination and inequality, amongst other
toll it takes on women in terms of their own
factors, militate against this. Many of the facts
health. Human energy and creativity are the
have been known for years. Yet health and well-
driving forces of development. yet for millions of
being continue to elude millions of the world's
women worldwide that vital energy is drained in
women.
the daily struggle to survive, and to protect the
The themes of the United Nations Decade for
health and well-being of themselves and their
families.
Women (1976-85) - equality, development and
peace - will be reiterated at the Fourth World
The achievement of peace at all levels -
Conference on Women in Beijing in September
international, national, local and domestic - is a
1995. These are ail crucial elements in women's
crucial step for the attainment of health for all.
health, and in their personal and social
For women, it has a very special significance.
development
Women and their children are most often on the
Quite simply, women will never enjoy the highest
receiving end.of violence and aggression. Among
attainable level of health until they have equal
the first to be affected by war and civil strife they
access to resources and to the fruits of
are often the last to receive support and
assistance.
development - equality in access to education, to
political power, and to the process of decision-
Whether in the form of killing and maiming,
making. This in turn means addressing
ethnic cleansing, mass rape or forced
inequitable gender relationships, and the
prostitution, violence is all too often borne by
underlying inequalities that currently stand in
women. Moreover, violence is not confined to the
the way of women's access to health. Such
sphere of politics. Very often it is from within
inequalities - enshrined in traditional, cultural
their own homes and families that girls and
and legal frameworks perpetuate women's
women have most to fear. Female genital
lower social and economic status. All of this
mutilation, incest, sexual abuse, domestic assault
continues to limit the ability of women to make
and battery - - these are the hidden faces of
free and informed choices about their lives. In
violence against women. For women, peace is a
addition, to attain full health, women must have
domestic as well as a societal issue.
access to high-quality services, and the
information and skills to use such services
For far too long women have been portrayed as
appropriately. Women the primary care givers
powerless victims and have been seen as objects
in the home and in the health system - must
of health interventions. Undoubtedly women all
over the world face enormous adversities that
receive appropriate and acceptable care for
themselves, and for their families.
impact on their health and well-being. Yet
women have power, are creative, can take and
To promote equality for women is not to favour
already have taken action. Women must be
Extended Page
identical approaches to health for women and
recognized as protagonists in their own health,
men. Women and men are innately different and
and in the provision of health care.
have differing needs. Promoting equitable access
The time has come when women all over the
to health care implies recognizing these
world are beginning to ask questions. take
differences, and developing responses that
actions and demand resources, results and
address the varied needs of men and women
accountability. The time has come for health-care
throughout their lives. It also involves addressing
systems to listen to what women are saying, and
the socioeconomic and cultural factors which
to take every possible opportunity to improve
discriminate against women and girls.
women's health and - by extension- the health
Ever since the start of the United Nations Decade
of the world.
for Women, the contribution that women make to
20
WHO:
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64
Facts and figures on
women's health
World Health
Organization
H
ealth is not a commodity tc be acquired, bought or sold, it is a right.
Worldwide, however, the health security of women, that is, all that
guarantees women's right to health, is at risk. Women's health security
embraces all aspects of women's lives, including the right to freedom of choice
and personal security, the right to adequate and sufficient food, the right to
work in safe environments, and the right of access to education, information
and decent housing. After all, what hope does a woman have who has been
mutilated against her will or pulled out of school without any say? What
prospects for a brighter tomorrow does the 15 year-old face when she
discovers that she is unintentionally pregnant? What are the chances for a
healthy survival for the children who are left behind after their mother has
Fourth World Conference on Women
died in childbirth? Equity and equality are at the heart of health security for
women. Equal opportunities and the ability to benefit from the fruits of
development, work in an enabling environment, and live in a peaceful society
free from the threat of aggression at home or in the street, are vital
factors in shaping women's health today.
Equality
Gender bias is reflected in the use of health services, the quality of care
provided and the success or failure of disease control programmes. In one
developing country, only 16% of people attending malaria clinics were women,
yet surveys revealed no significant gender differential in susceptibility to
infection.
Over half a million women are estimated to die each year due to lack of
access to adequate reproductive health care. In developing countries maternal
mortality is a leading cause of death for women of reproductive age, the most
UNITED NATIONS
common cause being haemorrhage (25%). Despite the availability of
technology to prevent maternal mortality, at least half a million women die
giving birth each year in developing countries. 23 million women undergo
serious complications with child birth, such as postpartum hacmorrhage,
hypertensive disorders, eclampsia, and puerperal sepsis each year. 15 million
suffer long-term morbidity.
Many women give birth without trained assistance. Only about one-third of
all births are assisted by trained attendants in Southern Asia and 42% in Africa,
as opposed to 76% in Latin America, 94% in Eastern Asia, and virtually 100% In
North America.
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2
Because women need more iron than men, and because they tend to receive
a lower share in the distribution of food, globally, over half of pregnant
women and a third of women of reproductive age who are not pregnant have
anaemia.
The adolescent girl requires, but rarely gets, 18% more iron per kg body
weight than male adolescents. Virtually all adolescent girls in developing
countries suffer from iron-deficiency.
Each year unwanted pregnancy forces 20 million women to hazard unsafe
abortions as a result of lack of access to family planning services, costly
contraceptive methods, the unavailability of information and restrictive
practices. Of these women, 60,000 to 100,000 die and countless more endure
long-term disabilities. 25% of all maternal deaths occur in the teenage group,
with unsafe abortion as the leading cause of these deaths.
Almost 30% of maternal deaths could be prevented by contraception. About
120 million women in the developing world say that they are not using family
planning even though they want to avoid becoming pregnant.
Prevalence rates of sexually transmitted diseases are generally higher among
sexually active women than among sexually active men, due to greater
biological, social and economic vulnerability, their greater proportion of
asy mptomatic infections and inferior access to care than men. Over 20 million
women are chronically infected with either genital herpes or human papilloma
virus infections.
Globally, women account for an ever-increasing share of HIV infections. The
proportion of women in the overall figure of those infected rose from 20% In
1980 to 40% in 1992. By the year 2000, half of those infected with HIV will be
women. In many countries 60 % of all new HIV infections are among 15 to 24
year olds, with a female to male ratio of 2 to 1.
Due to different proportions of muscles, fat and water in the body, women
develop alcohol-related liver diseases more rapidly than men. Studies show
that the chronic use of alcohoi, cannabis, cocaine and heroin affect menstrual
dysfunction and contribute to obstetric complications and damage the foetus.
in some countries women are barred from drug and substance abuse
treatment facilities as a matter of policy, because resources are limited and
men are given priority. Most facilities refuse to treat pregnant women.
Many elderly women experience poor nutrition. reproductive ill-health,
dangerous working conditions, violence and lifestyle-related diseases. all of
which exacerbate the post-menopausal phenomena of increased likelihood of
breast and cervical cancers and osteoporosis.
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3
Development
10% of women In developed countries and 40% in developing countries
give birth before the age of 20. Early childbearing poses considerable obstacles
to women's education and economic well-being.
in countries where participation rates of women in the labour market were
as high as 50% prior to economic restructuring, over 60% of the currently
unemployed are women.
Many women engaged in occupations heavily related to repetitive tasks
(assembly lines), jobs requiring precise work for long periods (electronics
assembly), or processing of agricultural products (fruit and flower packing),
have been shown to have health problems which affect the musculo-skeletal
and nervous systems, the reproductive tract, and skin. In the industrial working
environment, exposure to toxic chemicals can cause cancer, dermatitis,
miscarriage, and birth defects. Women may be particularly susceptible to some
toxic chemicals for biological reasons.
For agricultural workers, a significant and positive correlation exists
between heavy use of pesticides and prevalence rates of deformity of limbs,
dysfunctions of joints, amputations and visual deformities.
Certain health conditions, such as chronic bronchitis and back pain, are
particularly linked with women's traditional roles. These include the burning of
biomass fuels in cooking and heating homes, the carrying of heavy loads of
fuel wood and water, and the use of household chemicals. Toxicological effects
on the foetus have also been shown. In addition, women and children are at
greatest risk of burns within the home.
For poor women prostitution Is often the only way of securing income. in
one country, 50 000 to 75 000 street children survive through prostitution.
Depressive disorders are responsible for 5.8% of all deaths and disabilities
among women of reproductive age - twice the rate among men.
While men have higher mortality rates from suicide, women predominate
for suicide attempts. The typical suicide attempter is a single women under the
age of 25.
Smoking amongst young women has increased rapidly, and now equals or
exceed that of young men in a number of developed countries. Over the next
thirty years tobacco-related deaths will more than double, so that by the year
2020, well over a million adult women will die every year from tobacco-related
illnesses. Women are smoking in increasing numbers in developing countries.
Women are a special target of cigarette and alcohol advertising world wide,
further predisposing them to the immediate and long-term health
consequences of addiction.
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055
4
Peace
Numerous studies from many countries conclude that between 20 to 60% of
all women report having been beaten by their partners.
Women are most at risk from men they know. Data from around the world
suggests that girls and women are more at risk of violence in the home than
anywhere else.
On a per capita basis the health burden of domestic violence and rape is
roughly the same for reproductive-age women in industrial and developing
countries, but because the overall health burden is greater in developing
countries, the percentage attributable to gender-based victimization is smaller,
at roughly 5%. In industrialized countries, rape and domestic violence account
for almost one in every 5 healthy years of life lost to women aged 15 to 44.
Approximately 85 to 115 million females have been subjected to female
genital mutilation. Each year, a further 2 million girls suffer this harmful
practice. representing 6 000 new cases a day, and 5 girls every minute.
It is estimated that 75% of the world's 18 million refugees are women and
girls. Most of them are exposed to poor nutrition and illness. and many of
them to violence, including rape.
Migrant women have increased vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases
and HIV/AIDS due to high unemployment, and lack of community and family
support, which force many to engage in sexual barter.
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CEWK
GLOBAL COMMISSION
ON WOMEN'S HEALTH
The Global Commission on Women's Health was established as a high-level
advocacy body by virtue of resolution WHA45.25 on "Women, health and
development" emanating from the Technical Discussions at the Fortv-fifth World
Health Assembly in 1992. The objective of the Commission is to accelerate
action at the national and international level to improve women's health as their
fundamental human right. In recognition of the fact that health conditions affect
subsequent phases of a woman's life. as well as the well-being of future genera-
tions, the Commission insists that attention be given to a holistic and life span
approach to women's health.
In carrying out its objective, the Global Commission on Women's Health
assumes 3 critical fourfold mission. First, it has produced an agenda for action on
women's health focusing on a few select areas capable of yielding the most
significant progress: nutrition, reproductive health. the health consequences of
violence, aging, lifestyle-related health conditions, and the work environment.
These issues represent the predominant factors leading to morbidity and mortality
in women of all ages around the world. and are amenable to feasible and low-cost
interventions. Second, the Global Commission raises awareness of women's
concerns among policy-makers through the use of sex-disaggregated data on
women's health and their socioeconomic situation. Third. the Global Commis-
sion advocates the inclusion of women's health issues as a priority within devel-
opment plans by using all forms of mass media. It ensures that these issues are
arriculated at all major national, regional and international fora on women and
development and the events leading up to them. notably the United Nations
Fourth World Conference on Women. Finally, the Global Commission provides a
forum for consultation and dialogue with women's health advocacy groups and
others who mobilize women from the grassroots to the highest political levels.
Members of the Global Commission on Women's Health, listed below,
work closely with numerous key individuals and institutions across the world,
notably the following: Dr Hoda Badran, President, Alliance of Arab Women.
Egypt; Dr Jo Ivey Boufford, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health,
United States of America; Dr Lorraine Dennerstein, Associate Director. The Kev
Centre for Women's Health, Australia; Ms Marianne Haslegrave, Director.
Commonwealth Medical Association, United Kingdom; Mrs Julia Hausermann.
Executive Chair, Rights and Humanity, United Kingdom; Ms Elaine Woltson,
President, Global Alliance for Women's Health, United States of America: the
World Bank and UNICEF.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Conference Address
Divider Title:
4PmJues
THE SECRETARY GENERAL
19 May 1995
Dear Mrs. Clinton,
I am honoured to invite you to attend the
Fourth World Conference on Women, as my special guest.
As you are aware, the Conference, which will be held
in Beijing from 4 to 15 September 1995, will be a
major milestone in the efforts of the United Nations
to promote and protect women's rights and to define
practical strategies to remove the remaining obstacles
to the advancement of women.
Building on the series of landmark conferences
and summits convened by the United Nations in the
first half of this decade - on children's rights, the
environment, human rights, population and social
development - the Conference offers the international
community an opportunity to achieve a concrete
programme of action for progress into the next
century. I believe that the Conference would benefit
greatly not only from your experience, knowledge and
commitment, but also from the prestige and respect
which you command.
The Secretariat for the Conference is in the
process of preparing a programme of Special Events in
which I hope you will find it possible to participate.
The Secretary-General of the Conference will convey
the programme to you shortly.
I look forward to hearing from you and hope very
much that you will be able to attend this important
gathering during the United Nations fiftieth
anniversary year.
Yours sincerely,
Anition
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Mrs. Hillary Rodham Clinton
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Clinton Presidential Records
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This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Boutros Boutros-Ghali
Discussion
Divider Title:
BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI DISCUSSION
DATE:
Tuesday, September 5
TIME:
4:30 pm
LOCATION:
TBA
FROM:
Brenda Costello
I.
PURPOSE
To attend a discussion and reception hosted by UN Secretary General Boutros
Boutros-Ghali entitled "Women in Decision Making Roles and Sharing Power".
II.
BACKGROUND
This discussion is an opportunity for Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to meet
with all the female heads of countries and distinguished VIPs whom he has
personally invited to the Conference. The group includes members of the Secretary
General's Advisory Group as well as special guests of the Secretary General.
There is no formal program, just a free-flowing discussion on women in decision
making roles with a reception to follow. Approximately 25-40 people are expected to
attend. Small conference style set-up (See bios and invitation attached.)
III.
PARTICIPANTS
Queen Noor AL-Hussein, Jordan
Dr. Souad M. Al-Sabah, Kuwait
Mrs. Ruth Cardoso, Brazil
Madame Bernadette Chirac, France
Ms. Takako Doi, Japan
Mrs. Janet Museveni, Uganda
Advisory Group
Princess Basma Bint Talal, Jordan
Ms. Margarita Penon de Arias, Costa Rica
Queen Fabiola, Belgium
Honorable Victoria F. Chitepo, M.P., Zimbabwe
Mr. Idriss Jazairy, Agency for Co-operation and Research in Development (ACORD)
Ms. Roberta Lajous, Mexico
Mr. Jack Lang, Mayor of Blois, France
Mr. Stephen Lewis, Canada
Ms. Deng Nan, China
Ms Barbara Simons, Member, European Parliament, Germany
Baroness Shirley Williams, United Kingdom
Professor Muhammad Yunus, Bangladesh
Past Secretaries-General UN Conferences on Women
H.E. Dr. Lucille Mathurin Main, Jamaica
Senator Leticia R. Shahani, Philippines
Hon. Ms. Helvi Sipila, Finland
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
SEE TRIP BOOK
V. PRESS
Pool spray and live feed.
VI. REMARKS
No formal remarks necessary.
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SUBJECT: REQUEST FOR MEETING WITH MRS. CLINTON
MISSION HAS RECEIVED THE FOLLOWING REQUEST FROM THE UN
SECRETARY GENERAL FOR A MEETING WITH MRS. CLINTON AND
OTHER SPECIAL GUESTS DURING THE FOURTH WORLD CONFERENCE
ON WOMEN IN BEIJING. ORIGINAL POUCHED TO G/CS T. LOAR.
BEGIN TEXT:
21 AUGUST 1995
DEAR MRS. CLINTON,
I WAS MOST GRATIFIED TO LEARN THAT YOU HAVE ACCEPTED MY
INVITATION TO ATTEND THE FOURTH WORLD CONFERENCE ON
WOMEN AS MY SPECIAL GUEST.
IN THIS CONTEXT, IT GIVES ME GREAT PLEASURE TO INVITE
YOU, ALONG WITH OTHER SPECIAL GUESTS AND MEMBERS OF THE
SECRETARY-GENERAL'S ADVISORY GROUP FOR THE CONFERENCE,
TO MEET WITH ME FOR AN EXCHANGE OF VIEWS ON 5 SEPTEMBER
FROM 4.30 PM TO 6.00 PM AT THE BEIJING CONFERENCE
CENTRE. I PROPOSE TO FOCUS OUR DISCUSSION ON THE TOPIC
CENTRE. I PROPOSE TO FOCUS OUR DISCUSSION ON THE TOPIC
"PROMOTING THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN DECISION-MAKING AND THE
SHARING OF POWER", A THEME WHICH REFLECTS ONE OF THE
CENTRAL PREOCCUPATIONS UNDERPINNING THE AGENDA OF THE
CONFERENCE. FOLLOWING THE MEETING, I HOPE YOU CAN JOIN
ME AT A SMALL RECEPTION.
I LOOK FORWARD TO OUR MEETING AGAIN IN BEIJING AND TO
HEARING YOUR VIEWS ON THE THEME OF OUR DISCUSSION.
BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI
MRS. HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON, D.C.. END TEXT. ALBRIGHT
BT
#3257
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SENT BY:LN EOSG NY
: 8-30-95 : 17:08 : EOSG 212-963-3511-
94154443:# 2/1
List of the "Special Guests" of the Secretary-General
to the Fourth World Conference on Women
4 . 15 September 1995, Beijing
Queen Noor Al-Hussein
Jordan
Dr. Souad M. Al-Sabah
Kuwait
Mrs. Ruth Cardoso
Brazil
Madame Bernadette Chirac
France
Mrs. Hillary Rodham Clinton
United States
Ms. Takako Doi
Japan
Mrs. Janet Museveni
Uganda
08-31-1995 10:53AM
FROM
TO
82024566244 P.04
SENT BY:UN EOSG NY
: 8-80-95 : 17:09 : EOSG 212-963-3511-
94154448:* 3/ 4
Members of the Secretary-General's Advisory Group
for the Fourth World Conference on Women
Her Highness
Princess Basma Bint Talal
Jordan
Ms. Margarita Penón de Arias
Honorary President
The Arias Foundation for Peace and Human Progress
Costa Rica
Her Majesty
Queen Fabiola
Belgium
The Honourable Victoria F. Chitepo, M.P.
Member of Parliament
Zimbabwe
Mr. Idriss Jazairy
Executive Director
Agency for Co-operation and Research in Development (ACORD)
Ms. Roberta Lajous
Advisor, Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI)
Mexico
Mr. Jack Lang
Mayor of Blois
France
Mr. Stephen Lewis
Former Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations
Canada
Ms. Deng Nan
Deputy Director, Commission of Science
China
Ms. Barbara Simons
Member, European Parliament
Germany
08-31-1995 10:53AM
FROM
TO
82024566244 P.05
SENT BY:UN EOSG NY
: 8-30-95 : 17:08 : EOSG 212-963-3511-
94154443:# 4/ 4
- -2-
Baroness Shirley Williams
Member of House of Lords
United Kingdom
Professor Muhammad Yunus -
Managing Director, Grameen Bank
Bangladesh
Past Secretaries-General UN Conferences on Women
H.E. Dr. Lucille Mathurin Mair
Ambassador
Jamaica
Senator Leticia R. Shahani
Member of Parliament
Philippines
The Honourable Ms. Helvi Sipila
Finland
TOTAL P.05
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financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
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P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
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financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
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C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
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financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
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OA/Box Number: 6059
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September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
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P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
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P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA)
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
h(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
h(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA|
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
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First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
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September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
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Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
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b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute Я clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy ((a)(6) of the PRA)
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA|
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First Lady's Press Office Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
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September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
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Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
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P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA)
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA}
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA)
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA|
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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COLLECTION:
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First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women,
September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
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Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)|
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b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA|
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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COLLECTION:
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First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
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September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
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P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRAJ
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P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
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P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information |(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors |a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
h(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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010. report
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First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
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September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
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Presidential Records Act - 144 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRAJ
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute {(a)(3) of the PRA|
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
h(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA|
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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COLLECTION:
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OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
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September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
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Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
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b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA)
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA)
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information I(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRAJ
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes ((b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions |(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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08/31/1995
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COLLECTION:
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First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women,
September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)|
PI National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA)
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA|
an agency |(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRAJ
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions {(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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013. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
04/11/1990
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women,
September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)|
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)|
P1 National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA|
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRA|
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRAJ
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information |(a)(4) of the PRA|
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
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DOCUMENT NO.
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DATE
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014. report
re: U.S. Government Report (1 page)
05/08/1987
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
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[015]
LEWIS, Stephen
(b)(6)
S. the
late David, Q.C. (former Fed. Leader of New Democratic
Party) and Sophie (Carson) L.; m. Michele Landsberg 30
May 1963; children: llana, Avram, Jenny; Candn. Am-
bassador to United Nations 1984-88; apptd. Special Ad-
visor to UN Secretary-General on African Economic
Recovery 1986-91; apptd. Barker Fairley Distinguished
Visitor in Candn. Culture, University Coll., Univ. of
Toronto 1988-90; apptd. Special Representative of
UNICEF 1990; 1st el. to Ont. Leg., 25 Sept. 1963; Leader
of Ont. N.D.P. 1970-78; became Leader of the official
opposition in the Leg. 18 Sept. 1975; resigned seat 10
Nov. 1978; Address: 6 Montclair Ave., Toronto, Ont.
M4V 1W1.
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C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
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PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
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concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
2058
2059
WHO'S WHO 1995
68; ISM, 1978-79; Old Cliftonian Soc., 1979-81 Nat. Fedn of
WILLETTS, David Lindsay: MP (C) Havent, since 1992: an Assistant Government
Journalist. joined Labour Par
Assoc. of British Choral Dirs, 1993- Mem. Council, Winston
Whip, since 1994:4 9 March John Roland Willern and Hilary Sheila
Disained 19361
WITH:
General
HM.
sec.,
echnology 1969-70; Oppo
rinetion, 1980: Bristol. 1981: St Olaf Coll, Minnesota,
Principal Monetary Policy Div., 1982-84; Prime Minister's Downing Street Policy Unit,
Minerals, 1970-74: Minister
Hon Dr of Sacred Letters, Trinity Coll., Toronto, 1985.
1984-86; Dir of Studies, Centre for Policy Studies, 1987-92. PPS to Chm. of Cons. Party.
Dol. 1976-79; Opposition $
and instruments! works. Address: 13 Grange Road,
1993-94. Consultant Dir, Cons. Res. Dept. 1987-92. Director: Retirement Security Ltd,
1980-83; opposition spokesm
Cambridge (0223) 359559. Clubs: Athenzum, Arts.
1988: Electra Corporate Ventures Ltd. 1988. Mem., Social Security Adv. Citee, 1989-92.
Shadow Leader of the House
Member: Parkside HA. 1988-90; Lambeth, Lewisham and Southwark FPC, 1987-90.
1987-88. Chairman, Welsh
L Michael Alan; Chief of Staff Allied Command Europe Rapid
994; b 27 July 1944; , of Henry Willcocks and late Georgina
Publications: Modern Conservatism. 1992; paper, The Rok of the Prime Minister's Policy
1966-67; Mem. Public Aa
- 1966, Jean Paton Weir; one $ two d. Educ: St John's Coll.;
Unit, 1987 (Haldane Medal, RIPA): various pamphlets. Recreations: swimming, reading.
1979-86. Sponsored by TSSA
Univ. (BSc Hons). Commnd RA. 1964; served Malaya, Borneo,
Address: c/o House of Commons, SWIA OAA. T: 071-219
Club: Clyne Golf.
: Instructor, RMA Sandhurst. 1972-74: MoD, 1977-79: Comd
WILLIAMS; see Rees-Williams, family name of Baron Ogmore.
WILLIAMS, Alan Lee, OBE
80; Directing Staff, Staff Coll., 1981-83: CO, 1st Regt, RHA,
1972-74 and 1992-93. Chai
Q UKLF, 1985-87; ACOS, Intelligence/Ops. UKLF, 1988;
WILLIAMS, family name of Barons Williams of Elvel and Williams of Mostyn and
1930; m 1974. Jennifer Ford. 1
89-90: reds 1991: ACOS. Land Ops, Joint War HQ, Gulf War,
Baroness Williams of Crosby.
Service, RAF, 1951-53; Ox
and Programme, 1991-93; Dir Gen. Land Warfare, 1993-94.
and the Armoured Experience. 1989. Recreations: books, music,
WILLIAMS OF CROSBY, Baroness " 1993 (Life Peer). of Stevenage in the County of
1956-62. Dir-Gen., E-SU, 19
wb: National Liberal.
Hertfordshire; Shirley Vivien Teresa Brittain Williams; PC 1974; Co-founder,
MP (Lab) Hornchurch, 1966-
Social Democratic Party, 1981, President, 1982-88; Professor of Elective Politics, John F.
State for Defence, 1969-70. 19
F. CB 1988; Clerk of Public Bills, House of Commons, 1982-88,
Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, since 1988; Director, Project
Party Defence Citee, 1976-7
: $ of George Henry and Annie Elizabeth Willcox; m 1st, 1950.
Liberty, since 1990: b 27 July 1930: d of late Prof. Sir George Catlin, and late Mrs Catlin,
Control, 1975-79; Adv. Cour
We Dallas Ross (d 1984): one $ one d: 2nd, 1985. Pamela. widow
(Vera Brittain): m 1st, 1955, Prof. Bernard Arthur Owen Williams (marr. diss. 1974). qu;
of UN. NY. 1969; Chm.,
ett. Educ: St George's Coll, Weybridge: St John's Coll., Oxford
one d; 2nd. 1987, Prof. Richard Ellion Neustadt. Educ: eight schools in UK and USA;
Movement, 1970-71, Treasu
IVR, 1942-45. Assistant Clerk, House of Commons, 1947; Sen.
Somerville Coll., Oxford (scholar; MA, Hon. Fellow, 1970): Columbia Univ., New
Chairman: Peace Through N,
ding Committees, 1975-76; Clerk of Overseas Office, 1976-77;
York (Smith-Mundt Scholar). General Secretary, Fabian Soc., 1960-64 (Chm., 1980-81).
for Strategic and Internat. Sn
miner of Petitions for Private Bills and Taxing Officer, 1977-82
Contested: (Lab) Harwich, Essex, 1954 and 1955. and Southampton Test. 1959; (SDP)
RUSI. 1968-; Trilateral Corr.
tening Address: Ibthorpe Farm House, Ibthorpe. near Andover,
Crosby. 1983; (SDP/Alliance) Cambridge, 1987. MP: (Lab) Hitchin, 1964-74; (Lab)
City of London, 1969; Co. of
stbourne Tarrant (0264) 736575. Club: Garrick.
Hertford and Stevenage, 1974-79: (first-elected SDP MP) Crosby. Nov. 1981-1983;
DLirt (he) Schiller Internat. Un
PPS, Minister of Health, 1964-66: Parly Sec., Min. of Labour, 1966-67; Minister of
or the Open Sea?, 1971; Cr
minence Cardinal Johannes Gerardus Maria; President,
State: Education and Science, 1967-69; Home Office, 1969-70; Opposition spokesman
Initiative: Europe's bid for equ
romoting Christian Unity, 1969-89, now President Emeritus:
on: Social Services, 1970-71, on Home Affairs, 1971-73: Pricesand Consumer Protection,
1989; Islamic Resurgence. 199
ad Primate of Holland, 1975-83; b Netherlands, 4 Sept. 1909.
1973-74: Sec. of State for Prices and Consumer Protection, 1974-76: Sec. of State for
Several, Blackheath, SE3 0QR
Y. Holland: Angelicum. Rome (Dr Phil.). Priest, 1934; Chaplain,
Educn and Science, 1976-79; Paymaster General, 1976-79. Chm., OECD study on youth
rdam, 1937-40; Prof. of Philosophy, Warmond, 1940; Director.
WILLIAMS, Dr Alan Wynne
employment, 1979; Mem., Council of Advrs to Pracsidium, Ukraine. 1991-. Mem.,
wd Assoc., 1946: organised Catholic Conf. on Ecumenical
Tom and Mary Hannah W
Labour Party Nat. Exec. Citee, 1970-81. Visiting Fellow. Nuffield College, Oxford.
tican Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, 1960; Titular
1967-75; Res. Fellow, PSI, 1979-85; Visiting Faculty. Internat. Management Inst,
Grammar School; Jesus Colleg
i4; Cardinal. 1969: Cardinal with the Title of Sr Sebastian.
in Environmental Science, Tn
Geneva, 1979-88; Fellow, Inst. of Politics, Harvard, 1979-80 (Mem., Sen. Adv. Council.
of Leners: Notre Dame Univ.: St Louis Univ.: St Olaf Coll.,
watching sport. Address: Cwm
1986-; Acting Dir, 1989-90); Director: Turing Inst., Glasgow. 1985-90; Learning by
Paul's. Minn, 1979; Assumption Coll, Worcester, Mass, 1980;
Carmarthen (0267) 235825.
Experience Trust, 1986-94. Lectures: Godkin, Harvard, 1980; Rede, Cambridge, 1980;
scholic Univ. of Louvain. 1971; Leningrad Theological Acad,
Janeway, Princeton, 1981; Regents'. Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, 1991. Hon. Fellow,
ublin, Poland, 1985; Hon. DD Oxon, 1987; Hon. DTheol
WILLIAMS, Sir Alastair Edg.
Newnham Coll., Cambridge, 1977. Hon. DEd CNAA. 1969; Hon. Dr Pol. Econ.: Univ.
1987; Hon. DH Hellenic Coll./Holy Cross Orthodox Sch. of
of Leuven, 1976: Radcliffe Coll, Harvard, 1978; Leeds, 1980; Bath, 1980; Hon. LLD:
WILLIAMS, Albert; General
1989: Hon. DTheol St Michael's Univ. Coll., Toronto, 1990.
Sheffield, 1980; Southampton, 1981: Hon. DLitt Heriot- Watt, 1980; Hon. DSc Aston,
Technicians, 1985-92: Preside
IC et Problèmes Actuels, 1969; Mandatum Unitatis: Beiträge
1981. Publications: Politics is for People, 1981: Jobs for the 1980s; Youth Without Work.
1988-92; b 12 Feb 1927; , (
hurch and Jewish People, 1992: reports on the ecumenical
1981: (jtly) Unemployment and Growth in the Western Economies, 1984; A Job to Live,
Barnes); m 1954, Edna Bradley
er-church relationships. Address: dell'Erbs 1,1-00193-Rome.
1985. Recreations: music, hill walking.
School of Building (1st and 2nd
Apprentice bricklayer, Manche:
WILLIAMS OF ELVEL, Baron a 1985 (Life Peer). of Llansantfraed in Elvel in the
for various contractors; Membe
R 1992; Rt. Rev. Geoffrey Graham Dow; 6 4 July
County of Powys: Charles Cuthbert Powell Williams, CBE 1980; Opposition
1958; Exec., Council of UCAT
1 Dorothy May Dow (née Christie): E 1966, Molly
spokesman on Defence, since 1990 and on Environment. since 1992, House of Lords; b 9
Council, TUC, 1986-92; Dir,
1. Educ: St Alban's Sch.; Queen's Coll., Oxford (BA
Feb. 1933; I of late Dr Norman Powell Williams, DD. and Mrs Muriel de Lerisson
1979-92; Operatives' Side Sec.
-ufton Theol Coll.: Birmingham Univ. (Dip. Pastoral
Williams (née Cazenove); m 1975, Jane Gillian (née Portal). DL, JP; one step $. Educ:
Builders Trng Assoc., 1992-:
n Univ. (MPhil 1982). Ordained: deacon, 1967; priest, 1968;
Westminster Sch.; Christ Church, Oxford (MA); LSE. British Petroleum Co. Ltd.
Contract Services, 1994-. Ch
Parish Church, 1967-72; Chaplain-Srudent, St John's Coll,
1958-64; Bank of London and Montreal, 1964-66; Eurofinance SA, Paris, 1966-70;
Recreations: poetry and work. A
n Christian Doctrine, St John's Coll., Nottingham. 1975-81;
Baring Brothers and Co. Ltd. 1970-77 (Man. Dir, 1971-77): Chm., Price Commn.
8XJ.
ary, 1981-92. Canon Theologian, Coventry Cathedral, 1989-.
1977-79; Man. Dis 1980-82, Chm. 1982-85, Henry Ansbacher & Co. Ltd: Chief Exec.,
Mills? Shaftesbury Project, 1979: The Local Church's Political
Henry Ansbacher Holdings PLC, 1982-85. Parly Candidate (Lab), Colchester, 1964.
WILLIAMS, (Albert) Trevor
hn's College Extension Studies B1-God and the World, 1980;
House of Lords: Dep. Leader of Opposition, 1989-92; Opposition spokesman on Trade
Minnie Williams: m 1st, 1970
ller?. 1983; Those Tiresome Intruders. 1990; Explaining
and Industry, 1986-92. on Energy, 1988-90. Founder Mem, Labour Econ Finance and
Fraser Duncan (née Milne): OTH
ian Renewal in Europe, 1992; A Christian Understanding of
Taxation Assoc. (Vice-Chm., 1975-77. 1979-83). Director: Pergamon Holdings Ltd,
Southport: Queens' Coll., Cam
ions: steam and narrow gauge railways, model railways, travel,
den Lane, NW6 7YN. T: 081-451 0189.
1985-91; Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd. 1985-91. Mirror Group Newspapers PLC,
Rotary Foundation Fellow, Uni
1991-92; Chm., Acoustignide UK Ltd, 1989-. President: Campaign for Protection of
Director, 1965-68: various aca
Robert; Member of Senate for Western Australia, 1949-75:
Rural Wales, 1989-; Fedn of Economic Develt Authorities, 1990-. Publication: The Last
Vis. Professor, Graduate Schoo
Great Frenchman: a life of General de Gaulle, 1993. Recreations: cricket (Oxford Univ.
Sussex Univ.: Vis. Associate Pro
two d. Educ: Carnarvon, Western Australia. Special Minister
Prime Minister, Minister assisting Minister for Foreign Affairs
CC, 1953-55, Captain 1955; Essex CCC, 1953-59): music, real tennis. Address: 48
strategy at Hong Kong Univ., 1
Thurloe Square, SW7 2SX. T: 071-581 1783; Pant-y-Rhiw, Liansantfiraed in Elvel.
1992-93 (Vis. Prof., 1992-94).
uncil, 1972-73: Minister for Foreign Affairs. 1973-75; Leader
Powys LDI 5RH Clubs: Reform, MCC.
Futures Research, Univ. of Ste
:, 1966-67; Deputy Leader of Opposition in Senate, 1969-72;
Commission, 1978-79; Adviso
Senate, 1972. Recreation: swimming. Address: 5 Walton Place.
WILLIAMS OF MOSTYN, Baron a 1992 (Life Peer). of Great Tew in the County of
1979; Dir. Henley Centre for F
australis.
Oxfordshire: Gareth Wyn Williams; QC 1978; a Recorder of the Crown Court, since
Team Manager. Monopolies at
BE 1985; FRSE 1979; Hon. Senior Research Fellow, Hunterian
1978; b 5 Feb. 1941: , of Albert Thomas Williams and Selina Williams: m 1962, Pauline
Futures Studies, 1976. Recreation
asgow, since 1990; b 18 Aug. 1925; $ of Thomas Willett and
Clarke (separated); one , two d. Educ: Rhyl Grammar Sch.; Queens' Coll., Cambridge
Hereford HR2 6LQ. T: Holme
1950, Mary Constance Hewitt: one $ three d. Educ: Bolton
(Open Schol. (History) 1958; Univ. Prize, Jurisprudence 1962: Foundn Schol. 1964; LLB
NW5 1EJ. Clubs: Athenzum, 11
University Coll, Oxford. MA (Oxon): Dip. Anthropology
(1st CI.) 1964; MA 1965). Called to the Bar, Gray's Inn, 1965, Bencher, 1991; Leader,
k. Inland Revenue. 1940; RAF Linguist, Japanese, 1943-44.
Wales and Chester Circuit, 1987-89. Member: Bar Council, 1986-92 (Chin., 1992);
WILLIAMS, Alexander, CB 19
and Gen. Archaeology, Manchester Museum, 1950-58: Hon.
Council of Justice. 1993-. Opposition front bench spokesman on NI. home and legal
1931: of Henry and Dorothy T
affairs, H of L, 1992-. President: Prisoners Advice Service, 1992-; Commonwealth and
one J. Educ: Grove Park Gramn
igerian Federal Govt, 1956-57. 1957-58; Archaeologist and
uities, Nigerian Fed. Govt, 1958-63; Supply Teacher. Bolton
Ethnic Bar Assoc., 1993-. Trustee, NSPCC, 1993-: Patron, Redress Trust. 1993- Pro-
Bangor (BSc). National Service
Chancellor, Univ. of Wales, 1994- Fellow, Univ. of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1993. Address:
Southern Instruments, Camber
verhulme Research Fellow, 1964; Research Fellow, Nuffield
Farrars Building, Temple, EC4Y 7BD. T: 071-583 9241.
Radiation Science, 1959-78; He
Prof. of Art History, African and Interdisciplinary Studies,
Under Sec., Res. and Technok
ston, III. USA, 1966-76; Dir and Titular Prof. Hunterian
WILLIAMS, Prof. Alan Harold; Professor in the Department of Economics, University
IW, 1976-90. Vis. Fellow, Clare Hall. Cambridge, 1970-71.
Analytical Chemists, 1989-93.
of York, since 1968; b 9 June 1927; , of Harold George Williams and Gladys May
Corresp. Member, Manchester Literary and Philosophical
of Accuracy (with P.J. Campion
Williams (née Clark): m 1953, June Frances Porter: two , one d. Educ: King Edward's,
of radio-activity etc, to Internat
in the History of West African Sculpture, 1967, rev. edn. Ife:
Birmingham: Univ. of Birmingham (BCom). Lecturer, Exeter Univ., 1954-63; Sep.
and Methods. etc. Recreations: b
1971; African Art: An Introduction, 1971. rev. edn 1993;
Lectr and Reader, Univ. of York. 1964-68. Visiting Lecturer: MIT. 1957-58; Princeton,
of Ancient Nigeria. 1980; articles in Encyc. Britannica, Man.
1963-64; Director of Economic Studies, HM Treasury Centre for Administrative Studies,
WILLIAMS, Sir Alwyn, Kt 19
frica, JI of Nigerian Historical Soc., Odu, SA Archaeol Bull.,
1966-68. Member: Yorkshire Water Authority, 1973-76; DHSS Chief Scientists
Vice-Chancellor of University
reports and chapters in several books. Recreations: relaxing,
Research Citee, 1973-78; Royal Commission on the NHS, 1976-78; various SSRC Cttees
Geology. since 1988; b 8 June 1'
Hunterian Museum. University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12
and Panels. 1973-; Nat. Water Council, 1980-83. Hon. DPhil Lund, 1977. Publications:
1949. E. Joan Bevan: one I or
wb: Commonwealth Trust.
Public Finance and Budgetary Policy, 1963; (with Robert Anderson) Efficiency in the
College of Wales. Aberystwyth
Social Services, 1975; (with Robert Sugden) Principles of Practical Cost-Benefit Analysis,
1946-48. Harkness Fund Fellov
d Member, Civil Aviation Authority and Group
1978: articles in Economica. JI of Political Econ., II of Public Econs, Nat. Tax JI, JI of
Lecturer in Geology in Univer
6 2 Oct. 1944; s of Reginald John Willett and
garet Pope (separated 1993); two $ one di Educ:
Health Econ., BMJ and elsewhere; numerous conf. papers on various aspects of public
Pro- -Vice-Chancellor, 1967-74.
JV. (BA Hons): Open Business Sch. (MBA). RAF.
expenditure appraisal, esp. health and health care. Recreations: music, walking. teasing.
Head of Dept. Univ. of Birmin-
Trustee, Britsh Museum (Nat. I
Laker Airways, 1973-82; Flight Ops Inspectorate, CAA,
WILLIAMS, Rt. Hon. Alan John, PC 1977; MP (Lab) Swansea West since 1964; b 14
PAN. Recreation: horse riding. Address: Civil Aviation
Equip. and Phys. Sci. sub-ettees.
Oct. 1930; M 1957. Mary Patricia Rees. Blackwood, Mon: two $ one d. Educ: Cardiff
Library, 1975-77; Scortish Tert
South Area. Gatwick Airport, West Sussex RH6 0YR. T:
High Sch.; Cardiff College of Technology: University College, Oxford. BSc (London):
Councils, 1985-88: Chairman:
BA (Oxon). Lecturer in economics, Welsh College of Advanced Technology: Free-lance
Citee on Scottish Agricl Colls, )
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First Lady's Press Office Lisa Caputo
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FOLDER TITLE:
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Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute |(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute |(b)(3) of the FOIA)
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA|
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells |(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
019. report
re: U.S. Government Report (2 pages)
08/29/1995
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
First Lady's Press Office - Lisa Caputo
OA/Box Number: 6059
FOLDER TITLE:
Briefing Book of the First Lady - U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women,
September 5-6,1995 [binder] [4]
2012-0094-F
jp3675
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act |44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - 15 U.S.C. 552(b)]
PI National Security Classified Information |(a)(1) of the PRA
b(1) National security classified information |(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office |(a)(2) of the PRAJ
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRAJ
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA|
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy |(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy |(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes |(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA|
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
002
EMBASSY OF THE
we
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF SANGLADESH
BEIJING
*
*
*
No Pol/8(3)/95
The Embassy of the People's Republic of Bangladesh presents its
compliments to the Embassy of the United States and has the honour to
inform that the Han'ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh Her Excellency
Begum Khaleda Zia would like to meet Her Excellency Madam Hillary
Clinton, the First Lady of the United States of America during the Fourth
World Conference on Women (FWCW).
The Embassy wishes to inform further that at the meeting between
Begum Khaleda Zia and Madam Hillary Clinton in Dhaka during the First
Lady's recent visit to Bangladesh, the two leaders had agreed to meet
again In Boljing during their participation in the FWCW.
The Prime Minister of Bangladesh will arrive in Beiling at 2015 hrs in
the evening of September 3 and leave Beijing at 1300 hrs of September 6.
In Beijing, she will stay at Grand Hotel at suite Number 9136.
of to the United States of America in Beijing would kindly forward the request
The Embassy of Bangladesh would be very grateful Is the Embassy
appropriate authorities for a meeting between the two leaders at a
time convenient to the US First Lady.
The Embassy of Bangladesh avails itself of this opportunity to renew
to the Embassy of the United States of America the assurances of its
highest consideration.
The Embassy of the
United States of America
Beijing
31 August 1995
OF Beijing BA NGLATEST
Th
76
23/08 '00 22:02 FAX
002
100'd
TX/RX NO.0033
20:17 00. 23/08
Unclassified
Fax Leader
Telephone: (86 10) 491 5588 ext 0406/8
Fax: (86 10) 492 2900
United Kingdom Delegation
to the United Nations
Fourth World Conference
on Women
DATE 31/8/95
FROM. MS SUSAN MORTON, FIRST SECRETARY, BRITISH EMERISY
TO MR BRADY WILLIAMION
FAX NO. 5050400
PAGES (including leader) /
we would like to arrange a bilateral
meeting between Mrs Clinton and Baroness
Chalker, Minister for Overseas Development
and Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, the
Head of the British Delegation.
The available slots are from 12.00
on Monday 4 September or any time
on the morning or Tuesday 5 September
Baraness Chalker is of course able to
be flexible on timing.
\ would be grateful if you could contact
me by on 90509569. You can also
leave a message for me on 4915588 Bom 406
or 408 Or by fax 492 2900
S.Natan
25/08 '00 05:47 FAX
004
Request For Appointment With FLOTUS
September 1, 1995
From:
Ms. Margit Savovich
Federal Minister for Human Rights & Minorities of
the Republic of Yugoslavia
Contact:
Ms. Ljiljana Nikshich
Embassy of Republic of Yuguslavia
tel. 532-3516; 532-3016
Other Details: No press or photographs requested. Ms.
Savovich has official instructions to meet the First Lady to
pass a message. Only Ms. Savovich knows the substance of the
meeting. Ms. Savovich also serves in Yugoslavia as President
of UNICEF and President of the Commission for Advancement of
Women In Yugoslavia. Ms. Nikshich offers to meet with USG
personnel to discuss further the possibility of a meeting.
PRIORITY
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<PREC> PRIORITY <CLAS> UNCLASSIFIED <DTG> 301357Z AUG 95
FM AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
TO RHEHAAA/THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON DC PRIORITY
RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 6662
INFO RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING PRIORITY 0006
UNCLAS BUJUMBURA 003698
E.0.12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP, PHUM, PREL, CH, BY, US
SUBJECT: WIFE OF BURUNDI PRESIDENT TO ATTEND
-
WOMENS' RIGHTS CONFERENCE IN BEIJING
ACTION REQUEST - SEE PARA TWO.
1. THE MFA HAS INFORMED US THAT MRS. PASCASIE
NTIBANTUNGANYA, THE WIFE OF BURUNDI PRESIDENT
SYLVESTRE NTIBANTUNGANYA, WILL ATTEND THE WOMENS'
RIGHTS CONFERENCE IN BEIJING. SHE IS SCHEDULED TO
ARRIVE IN BEIJING ON SEPTEMBER ONE AND WILL REMAIN
THERE UNTIL THE END OF THE CONFERENCE. SHE CAN BE
CONTACTED VIA THE BURUNDI EMBASSY IN BEIJING.
2. THE MFA ALSO TOLD US THAT MRS. NTIBANTUNGANYA
WOULD LIKE TO MEET WITH FIRST LADY HILLARY RODHAM
CLINTON. WE TOLD THE MFA WE WOULD FORWARD ITS
REQUEST, BUT CAUTIONED THAT WE COULD MAKE NO
COMMITMENTS ON BEHALF OF THE FIRST LADY.
KRUEGER
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SIT: NSC ROTH SCHWARTZ SUETTINGER SUM SUM2
<PREC> IMMEDIATE <CLAS> UNCLASSIFIED <DTG> 300705Z AUG 95
FM AMEMBASSY ROME
TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 0830
RHEHAAA/WHITEHOUSE WASHDC IMMEDIATE
RUCNDT/USMISSION USUN NEW YORK IMMEDIATE 2862
INFO RUEHBJ/AMEMBASSY BEIJING IMMEDIATE 2248
RUEHGV/USMISSION GENEVA PRIORITY 3559
RUEHRC/USDA FAS WASHDC 1195
UNCLAS SECTION 01 OF 02 ROME 011994
FROM FODAG
DEPARTMENT FOR STATE/IO, ATTN: DAS MELINDA KIMBLE AND
RALPH BRESLER
USAID FOR AA/BHR DOUG STAFFORD AND DAA/AFR LEN ROGERS
WHITEHOUSE FOR NSC, ATTN: ERIC SCHWARTZ
GENEVA FOR RMA
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP (CLINTON, HILLARY), AORC, UN, WFP
SUBJECT: WORLD FOOD PROGRAM (WFP) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
REQUESTS MEETING WITH FIRST LADY HILLARY CLINTON
DURING FOURTH U.N. CONFERENCE ON WOMEN IN CHINA,
SEPTEMBER 2-9, 1995
REF: ROME 11359
1. THIS IS AN ACTION MESSAGE.
2. SUMMARY: MS. JUDITH LEWIS (AMCIT), THE DIRECTOR
OF THE OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF WFP,
CALLED FODAG (U.S. MISSION TO U.N. AGENCIES FOR FOOD
AND AGRICULTURE) ON AUGUST 29 REQUESTING STATE/IO AND
USAID/BHR ASSISTANCE IN SCHEDULING A MEETING BETWEEN
THE FIRST LADY AND CATHERINE BERTINI (AMCIT), THE
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF WFP, IN CHINA AT THE SUBJECT
CONFERENCE TO DISCUSS IMPROVEMENT IN THE COORDINATION
AND TARGETING OF FOOD AID FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
MS. BERTINI WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR A MEETING ANY TIME
DURING SEPTEMBER 2-9. STATE/IO AND USAID/BHR
ASSISTANCE IS REQUESTED IN FOLLOWING UP ON THE
REQUEST. END SUMMARY.
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2.
BRIEF BACKGROUND ON MS. BERTINI: MS. BERTINI WAS
APPOINTED TO THE WFP EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR POSITION IN
APRIL, 1992. JUST PRIOR TO ASSUNING THAT POSITION
SHE WAS AN ASSISTANT SECRETARY IN THE U.S. DEPARTNENT
OF AGRICULTURE AND PREVIOUSLY SERVED AS AN ACTING
ASSISTANT SECRETARY IN THE DEPARTNENT OF HEALTH AND
HUMAN SERVICES. AT WFP NS. BERTINI HAS ACTIVELY
PRONOTED REFORMS DESIGNED TO INPROVE FINANCIAL
MANAGENENT, PROJECT ACCOUNTABILITY, ENERGENCY
RESPONSE NECHANISNS AND PROJECT PERFORNANCE
REPORTING; TO CUT COSTS; AND TO REDUCE WASTE. IN
1995 WE ARE BEGINNING TO SEE THE POSITIVE INPACT OF
THESE EXTENSIVE REFORNS.
3.
BERTINI ON WONEN'S ISSUES: MS. BERTINI HAS BEEN
PARTICULARLY ACTIVE IN THE AREA OF WONEN'S ISSUES.
SHORTLY AFTER HER ARRIVAL AT WFP SHE ESTABLISHED AN
ACTIVE RECRUITNENT PROGRAN FOR WONEN PROFESSIONALS AT
THE SENIOR LEVELS OF THE ORGANIZATION. THIS PROGRAM
IS NOW YIELDING RESULTS. FOR EXANPLE, OVER THE LAST
YEAR AND A HALF WOMEN WERE RECRUITED FOR THE
FOLLOWING SENIOR WFP POSITIONS: NEW DIRECTORS OF
AUDIT (PHILIPPINES), PERSONNEL AND ADNINISTRATION
(CANADA) AND THE NIDDLE EAST GEOGRAPHIC BUREAU
(EGYPT), AND THE PROJECT MANAGER FOR THE FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT IMPROVENENT PROJECT (GERNANY).
FURTHERMORE, NS. BERTINI HAS ESTABLISHED AN ON-THE-
JOB TRAINING PROGRAM DESIGNED TO NOVE CURRENT WFP
FEMALE EMPLOYEES INTO NORE RESPONSIBLE POSITIONS AS
THEY CONPLETE REQUIRED TRAINING AND GAIN OPERATIONAL
EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD.
4.
BERTINI ON WOMEN'S PROJECTS: SHORTLY AFTER HER
ARRIVAL IN ROME, NS. BERTINI INITIATED A PROJECT
DESIGN PROCEDURE WHICH INVOLVES TAKING A CLOSER LOOK
AT POTENTIAL PROJECT BENEFITS TO WOMEN AND CHILDREN
AND ALSO CONPARES THE BENEFITS TO THEN OF DIFFERENT
PROJECT INTERVENTIONS. NS. BERTINI IS INTERESTED IN
WORKING WITH OTHER U.N. ORGANIZATIONS IN CARRYING OUT
JOINT PROJECTS THAT BENEFIT WONEN AND SHE IS ALSO
INTERESTED IN THE NEW U.S. NULTI-YEAR WOMEN'S
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ANNOUNCED BY MRS. CLINTON EARLIER
THIS YEAR. MS. BERTINI HAS ALREADY WRITTEN TO THE
WHITE HOUSE REGARDING VARIOUS SUGGESTIONS SHE HAS ON
HOW TO CARRY OUT JOINT U.N.-U.S. PROJECT ACTIVITIES
TO IMPROVE THE LIVES OF WOMEN IN SOME OF THE POOREST
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COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD.
5. THERE ARE TWO MAJOR ISSUES MS. BERTINI WOULD
LIKE TO DISCUSS WITH THE FIRST LADY:
A) U.S. LEADERSHIP IN THE FOOD AID ARENA: TO
DISCUSS THE ROLE OF U.S. FOOD AID IN HUMANITARIAN AND
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF U.S.
LEADERSHIP AND PROGRAMS IN HUNGER REDUCTION AROUND
THE WORLD.
B) NEW TARGETING APP
ROACHES: MS. BERTINI HAS BEEN INVITED BY THE QUEEN OF
SPAIN AND EUROPEAN UNION COMMISSIONER EMMA BONINO TO
PARTICIPATE IN A "HUMANITARIAN LEADERS MEETING" IN SPAIN
IN MID DECEMBER, 1995. AT THE MEETING, MS. BERTINI WOULD
UNCLAS SECTION 02 OF 02 ROME 011994
FROM FODAG
DEPARTMENT FOR STATE/IO, ATTN: DAS MELINDA KIMBLE AND
RALPH BRESLER
USAID FOR AA/BHR DOUG STAFFORD AND DAA/AFR LEN ROGERS
WHITEHOUSE FOR NSC, ATTN: ERIC SCHWARTZ
GENEVA FOR RMA
E.O. 12356: N/A
TAGS: OVIP (CLINTON, HILLARY), AORC, UN, WFP
SUBJECT: WORLD FOOD PROGRAM (WFP) EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
REQUESTS MEETING WITH FIRST LADY HILLARY CLINTON
DURING FOURTH U.N. CONFERENCE ON WOMEN IN CHINA,
SEPTEMBER 2-9, 1995
LIKE TO DISCUSS A PROPOSAL TO FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGE
THE WAY FOOD AID IS TARGETED. SPECIFICALLY, SHE
WOULD LIKE TO SEE FOOD DELIVERED DIRECTLY TO WOMEN
BECAUSE SEVERAL STUDIES AND EVALUATIONS HAVE
CONFIRMED THAT, EVEN UNDER CONFLICT CONDITIONS, WOMEN
DISTRIBUTE FOOD MORE EQUITABLY THAN MEN.
6. ACTION: STATE/IO AND USAID/BHR ARE ASKED TO
FOLLOW-UP WITH APPROPRIATE OFFICES IN THE WHITE HOUSE
TO SEE IF MS. BERTINI CAN BE ADDED TO MRS. CLINTON'S
SCHEDULE IN BEIJING. PLEASE ADVISE FODAG OF RESULT.
WE ARE IN DAILY CONTACT WITH MS. BERTINI'S OFFICE,
WHICH IS IN DAILY CONTACT WITH THE EXECUTIVE
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