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Withdrawal/Redaction Sheet
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. report
U.S. government report (2 pages)
05/13/1994
P1/b(1)
002. report
U.S. government report (1 page)
05/12/1994
P1/b(1)
003. report
U.S. government report (1 page)
05/12/1994
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer
OA/Box Number: 15623
FOLDER TITLE:
BB [Briefing Book] Europe 1994 [binder] [1]
2013-0534-S
ry1728
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
BB
EUROPE 1994
May 31, 1994
MEMO NDUM FOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON
FROM
Liz Bowyer
SUBJECT:
Briefings for Europe Trip
[Attached are briefings for all of the events you are doing in Europe separate from
the President. You will also have copies of the President's briefing books for the
events you are doing together.]
Tour of the Piazza Navona
-Briefing
-Scenario
-Bio of Rose-Anne Bartholomew
-Briefing for rain site
Tour of the Palazzo Del Quirinale
-Briefing
-Scenario
-NSC bio of President Scalfaro
Reception for Italian Women
-Briefing
-Scenario
-Italian Cultural Customs and Common Expressions
-Women in Italian Society
-The Italian Health Care System
-Letter from Ambassador Bartholomew
-Menu
-Bios of Ambassador and Mrs. Bartholomew
-Guest list with biographical information
-Newspaper articles on invited women:
Tab 1: Irene Pivetti and Tulia Zevi
Tab 2: Cecilia Bartoli
Tab 3: Marella Agnelli
Tab 4: Manuela Di Centa
Tab 5: Maria Fanfani
Tab 6: Rosa Russo Jervolino
Tab 7: Carla Fracci
Tab 8: Rita Levi-Montalcini
Tour of the American Academy of Rome
-Briefing
-Scenario
-"Rebuilding Rome", The New Yorker, 6/6/94
-"Steeped in the Art of Learning", Washington Post, 4/22/94
-Bios of Adele Chatfield-Taylor and Caroline Bruzelius
-Meet & Greet List
Tour of the Capitoline Museum
-Briefing
-Scenario
-Bio on Mrs. Berlusconi
-Bio on Mrs. Rutelli
Visit with Elizabeth Major
-Briefing
-Scenario
-NSC bio
-British Cultural Customs
-Women in British Society
-Child Welfare in Britain
-The British Health Care System
Drop-By to Mess Hall on the U.S.S. George Washington
-Briefing
-Scenario
Optional Tour of the USS George Washington
-Briefing
-Scenario
-"New Top Admiral to Push Wider Combat Role for Women", New York Times,
5/4/94
-DoD Under Health Care Reform
-The Health Security Plan and Military Personnel
-Bio of Commander Straub
Breakfast with French Women
-Briefing
-Scenario
-French Etiquette
-Women in French Society
-The French Health Care System
-Child Welfare in France
-The Politics of AIDS in France
-Talking Points on AIDS
-Bio of Simone Veil
-Guest list with biographical information
-Newspaper articles:
Tab 1: "French Women: Getting the Right Mix of Careers and Children", Inter
Press Service, 3/5/94
Tab 2: Lucette Michaux-Chevry
Tab 3: Francoise Cotta
Tab 4 : Anne d'Ornano
Tab 5: Nicole Notat
Tab 6: Avis Bohlen
Meeting with Danielle Mitterand
-NSC Briefing
-Scenario
-Bio on Madame Mitterand
-"A First Lady's Prickly Diplomacy", Washington Post, 6/10/89
Event
-Briefing will be faxed when event is confirmed
Tour of the Musee Rodin
-Briefing
-Scenario
-Excerpt from H.W. Janson's History of Art
Remarks
-American Academy in Rome
-Breakfast with French Women (will be provided by Lissa Muscatine later this week)
Miscellaneous
-Overseas weather forecasts
-NSC briefing paper on medical care of U.S. troops in WWII
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Tour of the
Piazza Navona
Divider Title:
Tour of the Piazza Navona
-Briefing
-Scenario
-Bio of Rose-Anne Bartholomew
-Briefing for rain site
May 31, 1994
TOUR OF THE PIAZZA NAVONA
DATE:
Thursday, June 2
TIME:
9:40 am
LOCATION:
Piazza Navona
Rome, Italy
FROM:
Liz Bowyer
I.
PURPOSE
To tour the Piazza Navona and learn about several of its prominent features with a group of
Italian schoolchildren.
IL
BACKGROUND
The Piazza Navona
The Piazza Navona, a favorite tourist spot for Italians and foreigners, is one of the most
characteristic Baroque squares in Rome. Its elliptical shape follows the outlines of a stadium
built there by the Emperor Domitian in 86 A.D. Until the Middle Ages, the Piazza was used
for jousting, horse racing, and water festivals. From 1477 to 1869, the square hosted the
city's general market, which still comes to the Piazza for a period following Christmas. In
1644, the Pamphili pope Innocent X cleared out the stadium and commissioned the
construction of a new piazza and palace to rival those of his predecessors, the Barberini.
The dominant structures in the piazza are three fountains designed or renovated by the Italian
artist Gianlorenzo Bernini, the Church of Sant'Agnese, and the Palazzo Pamphili (new the
Brazilian Embassy).
The Fountain of the Four Rivers (Fontana del Quattro Fiumi) is one of the most celebrated
and spectacular of Bernini's fountains. It was built in the center of the piazza in 1648 to
proclaim the triumph of Catholicism over the world. Each of the flour male river gods
represents one of the four continents of the globe: the Ganges for Asia, the Danube for
Europe, the Nile for Africa (veiled since the source of the river was unknown), and the Rio
de la Plata for the Americas. The ancient obelisk they support symbolizes the wisdom of
Ancient Egypt, subordinated to the dove fluttering above its peak. The dove symbolizes both
the Holy Spirit and the Pamphili family, commanding all knowledge and all known territory.
A popular story holds that Bernini depicted the Nile and Plata statues shielding their eyes
from his archrival Borromini's Church of Sant'Agnese. In response, Borromini designed the
statue on the church's facade looking out haughtily above the piazza.
The Fountain of the Moor (Fontana del Moro) was originally designed by Giacomo della
Porta in 1575. Bernini renovated the fountain in 1653 and added the central figure of the
Moor (actually a marine divinity grappling with a dolphin). The encircling Tritons are 19th-
century copies of the 16th-century originals.
The Fountain of Neptune, in the North end of the piazza, was also designed by Della Porta in
the 16th century and later renovated by Bernini. Antonio Della Bita added the central
Neptune figure in 1878. Neptune is depicted with sea nymphs, sea horses and an octopus.
The Church of Sant'Agnese honors a fourth-century martyr who refused to renounce her
religion and as punishment was thrown into a brothel near the piazza. After Sant'Agnese was
killed, her remains were interred beneath the church. The church was designed by Borromini.
Several Baroque masterpieces decorate the interior, including Antonio Raggi's Martyrdom of
St. Cecilia, Ercole Ferrata's relief, The Stoning of St. Emerenziana, and Alessandro Algardi's
The Miracle of the Hair of St. A gnes.
Gianlorenzo Bernini (1958 - 1680)
Italian sculptor, architect, painter and designer, Bernini is considered the outstanding figure of
the Italian Baroque. His sculptures, known for their dramatic and vigorous movement, made
a complete break with the Mannerist tradition. Among his more well known sculptures are
Aneas, Anchises, and Acanis, the Rape of Proserpine, David, Apollo and Daphne, all housed
in the Borghese Gallery in Rome. During the reign of Pope Urban VIII in the 1620's, Bernini
was the principal artist in the papal court in Rome.
More than any others, Bernini's fountains and buildings are thought to have had the greatest
effect on the face of Rome.
Baroque
The term Baroque has several meanings, and is used as both a noun and an adjective. First,
the Baroque signifies the dominant style of art between Mannerism and Rococo, a style that
originated in Rome and is associated with the Catholic Counter-Reformation. The dominant
characteristics of the Baroque style are emotional intensity and dynamic movement, which
express the self-confidence and spirit of the revitalized Catholic Church.
The term Baroque is also the general label for the period when this style flourished, mainly
during the 17th century, and in certain areas much of the 18th century. Lastly, the termi
"Baroque" is applied to art of any time or place that shows the qualities of vigorous
movement and intensity associated with Baroque art in general.
The Emanuele Gianturco Elementary School
Approximately 15 schoolchildren from a local public elementary school will accompany you
on your tour of the Piazza Navona. The Emanuele Gianturco elementary school is located in
Via della Palombella, two blocks from the Piazza Navona. Emanuele Gianturco has students
ranging from ages six to eleven, from grades one through five.
The Gianturco school participates in an experimental foreign language program sponsored by
the European Community. The program, which was implemented in 1993, requires students
to begin studying English and Dutch starting in the first grade (study of a foreign language in
Italian elementary schools is mandatory from the third grade on).
The Gianturco school is named after Emanuele Gianturco, a nineteenth-century Italian jurist
and politician who was famous for promoting legislative reform.
III. PARTICIPANTS
HRC
Rose-Anne Bartholomew, wife of Ambassador Reginald Bartholomew
Nancy Deconcillis, tour guide
15 third-graders from Emanuele Gianturco elementary school
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
* See attached scenario
V.
PRESS
Open press.
VL
REMARKS
No remarks needed.
VISIT OF THE FIRST LADY
TO
ROME, ITALY
JUNE 1-4, 1994
EVENT:
Visit of The First Lady to Piazza Navona
DATE:
Thursday, June 2, 1994
TIME:
9:45 am
LOCATION:
Piazza Navona
ATTENDEES:
Mrs. Rose-Anne Bartholomew
15 Roman school children
Tour guide Nancy Deconcillis
PRESS:
Open
SCENARIO:
The First Lady and Mrs. Bartholomew are greeted
upon arrival at Piazza Navona by 15 school
children who will present them with a bouquet of
flowers. The children will escort the First Lady
and Mrs. Bartholomew to the Fountain of Neptune
where tour guide Nancy Deconciliis will be
standing. Nancy will tell the First Lady, Mrs.
Bartholomew and the children about the history of
the fountain. Nancy will then escort the First
Lady and Mrs. Bartholomew and the children to the
other side of the fountain where they will look
out over Piazza Navona and learn of its history.
The First Lady and Mrs. Bartholomew will then
proceed to the motorcade and depart.
P.82
ROSE-ANNE D. RARTHOLOMEW
Rose-Anne Bartholomew has been in Rome since Ocrober 1993 as the wife of the
U.S. Ambassador TO italy. From 1992 to 1993, she was in Rrussels with her
husband, then U.S. Ambassador 10 NATO.
From 1989 to 1992. Rose-Anne Barthulomew worked for the United States
Information Agency. She was Corporate Relations Director for the United States
Pavilion at the 1992 Seville world's Fair. responsible for fundraising and liaison
with the private sector.
Mrs. Bartholomew was in Spain from 1986 to 1989 and in Lebanon from 1983 to
1986 as the spouse uf the U.S. Ambassador. in that capacity she was actively
engaged in the political. social, cuitural and administrative aspects of Embassy
and diplomatic life. She supervised the operation of the official embassy
residences. managing substantial budgets and representational functions.
In both countries she was active in cultural preservation efforts and related
fundraising. She is on the board nr the U.S. Committee for the Preservation of
Tyre. Lebanon and a founding (and only American) member of the Royal
Foundation for the Restoration of Toledo, Spain. In Spain she organized numerous
tundraising and public relations events involving American business.
From 1418 to 1984. Ruse-Annc Bartholomew was an Intelligence and Foreign
Affairs Officer in the U.S. Department of Energy. in 1982-83. she was Deputy
Editor of the Secretary of Energy's "Daily Briefing," an all-suurer publication
covering global energy developments in hydrocarbons. nuclear energy and
nun-proliferation. From 1978 to 1982 she was responsible for Middle East
petrolcum-related security and political/military issues. Evacuated from Beirut in
1984. she worked as an Intelligence Analyst in the State Department's Office of
Counter-Terrorism.
In 1977-78. Mrs. Bartholomew was Editorial Assistant in the International Writers
Service. reviewing articles by foreign correspondents on political and economic
issues. She worked as Researcher and Project Consultant from 1974-76. on a U.S.
Department of Transportation contract. analyzing ridership patterns,
demographic, socio-economic and racial data.
Between 1970 and 1976, she worked part-time as Research and Administrative
Assistant in two consulting firms dealing with nuclear weapons and arms control.
Kose-Arine Bai tholomew is bilingual in Frencil and English. fluent in Spanish and is
studying Italian. Slie obtained her B.A. at Newton College in Massachusetts and
did graduate work in international relations and sociology at the University of
Chicago and Westeyan University respectively. A the latter. she taught French
for two years.
She has four children. a daughter and three sons.
1993
(** Rain Site **)
THE PANTHEON
The Pantheon is the largest and best preserved monument of Roman antiquity, and has served
as an inspiration for numerous monuments, including the Jefferson Memorial. Built entirely
of brick, it consists of a pillared porch and a huge cylindrical body of equal height and width
covered by a hemispherical roof.
Marcus Agrippa, a town planner, built the Pantheon as a temple in 27 B.C. After it was
damaged by fire, the Emperor Hadrian completely rebuilt it in A.D. 125 as a dedication to all
the gods. The Emperor retained the original inscription on the facade: "Marcus Agrippa
made it in his third consulship." The Pantheon's marble columns and pediment, bronze doors,
and domed interior all remain unchanged from the day it was erected.
The entrance to the building is under the porch which is surrounded by 16 granite columns,
all original except for the three on the left which replaced under Urban VIII and Alexander
VII. You can see the papal emblems -- the Barberini bees and the Chigi stars -- on the
capitals.
The proportions of the interior are striking; the diameter of the building is equal to its height
-- 142 feet. The dome of the Pantheon was constructed entirely out of poured concrete,
without the support of vaults, arches, or ribs. The central oculus, which provides the only
source of light for the entire building, also supports the weight of the dome -- the inward
forces of the sloping concrete are trapped in a ring of tension around the hole. The floor
slopes toward the center to drain the building. Around the walls are seven chapels containing
the tombs of Italy's first two kings, Victor Emmanuel II and Umberto I, Queen Margherita,
and the Renaissance painter Raphael.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Tour of the
Palazzo Del Quirinale
Divider Title:
Tour of the Palazzo Del Quirinale
-Briefing
-Scenario
-NSC bio of President Scalfaro
May 30, 1994
TOUR OF THE PALAZZO DEL QUIRINALE
DATE:
Thursday, June 2
TIME:
10:50 am
LOCATION:
Palazzo Del Quirinale
Rome, Italy
FROM:
Liz Bowyer
L
PURPOSE
To tour the presidential residence with Marianna Scalfaro while the President has a
bilateral meeting with President Scalfaro.
II.
BACKGROUND
Palazzo del Quirinale
Situated on the highest of the seven hills of Rome, the Palazzo del Quirinale houses
the residence and offices of the Italian President. The Palazzo was begun in 1574 by
Flaminio Ponzio and Ottavio Mascherio, under the order of Pope Gregory XIII. The
Palazzo was continued by Domeico Fontana, Carlo Maderna and Bernini, and was
completed during the reign of Pope Clementine XII (1730 - 40).
The Palazzo was used as a summer residence for Popes until 1798 when French
troops occupied the city, and the Palazzo was evacuated and pillaged. The Palazzo
was subsequently occupied by the Consuls of the Roman Republic and was selected,
but not used, for Napoleon. It 1870 it once again became property of the Italian state
and was used as a royal residence by the Kings of Italy until 1947.
The Palazzo is comprised of several interconnecting buildings and a large park
enclosed by walls. Official ceremonies are held in the main building, the entrance of
which was designed by Maderno, one of the leading sculptors in Rome before Bernini
came into ascendancy. The most important work of art in the Palazzo is the fresco of
Christ in Glory by Melozzo da Forli', an Italian painter. Little of da Forli's work has
survived intact. Other works of importance in the Palazzo include the Chapel of the
Annunciata by Guido Reni, a Bolognese painter known for his graceful Classical
style, and the Gallery of Alexander VII, by Pietro da Cortona, known second to only
Bernini as the most versatile genius of the full Roman Baroque style.
Marianna Scalfaro
Marianna Scalfaro, 41, is the daughter of President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro and acts as
Italy's First Lady. President Scalfaro's wife died giving birth to Marianna. Marianna
Scalfaro prefers to be referred to as singorina (seen-yor-ina) rather than signora. The
former applies to single women, the latter to married or elderly women. Singorina
Scalfaro reportedly does not speak English well.
III. PARTICIPANTS
HRC
Marianna Scalfaro
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
* See attached scenario
V. PRESS
Tour: Closed press.
VI. REMARKS
No remarks needed.
VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT AND THE FIRST LADY
TO
ROME, ITALY
JUNE 1-4, 1994
EVENT:
Arrival and Tour of the Quirinale Palace
DATE:
Thursday, June 2, 1994
TIME:
11:00 am
ATTENDEES:
President Scalfaro
Ms. Marianna Scalfaro
PRESS:
Ceremony Open
Tour Closed
SCENARIO:
The First Lady and the President will arrive at
Quirinale Palace and be greeted by President
Scalfaro and his daughter, Marianna Scalfaro. The
four principals will proceed to courtyard for the
playing of the Italian and American National
anthems. Upon conclusion of the national anthems,
the President will review the Color Guard and
proceed to bilateral discussions with President
Scalfaro. The First Lady will be accompanied by
Ms. Scalfaro on a tour of the Quirinale Palace.
After the tour, the First Lady will rejoin the
President for departure.
Withdrawal/Redaction Marker
Clinton Library
DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
001. report
U.S. government report (2 pages)
05/13/1994
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer
OA/Box Number: 15623
FOLDER TITLE:
BB [Briefing Book] Europe 1994 [binder] [1]
2013-0534-S
ry1728
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Reception for
Italian Women
Divider Title:
Reception for Italian Women
-Briefing
-Scenario
-Italian Cultural Customs and Common Expressions
-Women in Italian Society
-The Italian Health Care System
-Letter from Ambassador Bartholomew
-Menu
-Bios of Ambassador and Mrs. Bartholomew
-Guest list with biographical information
-Newspaper articles on invited women:
Tab 1: Irene Pivetti and Tulia Zevi
Tab 2: Cecilia Bartoli
Tab 3: Marella Agnelli
Tab 4: Manuela Di Centa
Tab 5: Maria Fanfani
Tab 6: Rosa Russo Jervolino
Tab 7: Carla Fracci
Tab 8: Rita Levi-Montalcini
May 30, 1994
RECEPTION FOR ITALIAN WOMEN
DATE:
Thursday, June 2
TIME:
3:00 pm
LOCATION:
Villa Taverna
Rome, Italy
FROM:
Liz Bowyer
I.
PURPOSE
To attend a reception for Italian women held in your honor by Ambassador and
Rose-Anne Bartholomew.
II.
BACKGROUND
Reception
Ambassador and Rose-Anne Bartholomew have invited approximately 30 Italian
women prominent in the arts and literature, academia, business, government, politics
and labor. The reception has received a good amount of press coverage thus far, and
is viewed as one of the most important social events in Italy this year. The women
are very anxious to meet you and, according to the Embassy, are interested in
hearing about your role as First Lady and what you think about Italy.
Attached is a letter from the Ambassador outlining the reception, a guest list with
biographical information, and recent articles on some of the guests.
III.
PARTICIPANTS
HRC
Rose-Anne Bartholomew
Approximately 30 Italian women (see attached list)
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
* See attached scenario.
V.
PRESS
Pool spray.
VL
REMARKS
No remarks needed.
VISIT OF THE FIRST LADY
TO
ROME, ITALY
JUNE 1-4, 1994
EVENT:
Reception with the First Lady and 30 Italian Women
DATE:
Thursday, June 2, 1994
TIME:
3:00 pm
LOCATION:
Ambassador Bartholomew's Residence
ATTENDEES:
Mrs. Rose-Anne Bartholomew and 30 Italian women
PRESS:
Pool spray
SCENARIO:
The First Lady will proceed from hold at the
residence to the Grande Salone where she will meet
with Mrs. Bartholomew. The First Lady and Mrs.
Bartholomew will proceed from the Grande Salone
through the garden to the terrace where the 30
women are gathered. Mrs. Bartholomew, with the
assistance of a protocol person will introduce the
First Lady to the guests by bringing the guests to
the First Lady individually or in small groups.
After all introductions and exchanges, the
protocol person will encourage guests to enjoy the
buffet and each to other's company.
The First Lady will then proceed to the motorcade
and depart.
MAY-29-1994 20:01
ROME ITALY STAFF ADV OFC
43501 P.002/023
29/05 '94 13:43
46742014
us
naw
Embassy of the United States of America
29 may 1994
Dear Mrs. Clinton
as the suggestion of your staff. we have outlined
some suggested themes for wif marks you might
make at the reception for provivent Hahan women.
For convenuence, we dad them in the form of the attached points.
and the participants. suffeci it to say now that are think
you will shortly receive an updated and on the event
we have a very good lise The choree of only 3 or 4
was dictated by Protocol. The participants were chosen
because they are doing smithing interesting and
important on their own in the life of the country
We hope you will find it a unique opportunity to wake
contact with Halians and Italy.
We unght add that the event has attrac fed
considerable attention have in Rome. Everyone wants to
Know who will be there -- and everyone wants to
be there! and there has been a fair amoun top mediciplay.
we and all of Rome! lak forward to
welcoming you and the President here ma few days.
Sincerely,
Reg Bartholmen BABank
Although you are not making trief remarks, the Ambassador's
suggested talking points are attached for conversational purposes.
CONVERSATIONAL POINTS
(Suggested by Ambassador Bartholomew)
I am so pleased to meet you in this lovely and relaxed setting, and I do thank you for
coming today.
It's a special pleasure for me because you all play such interesting and diverse roles in
the life of your country and contribute so much to it. Meeting you is a rare
opportunity to appreciate the diversity and creativity of Italian life and women's part in
it.
What a wonderful country you have. My husband and I remember vividly our visit in
1987. Now we are seeing eternal Rome with all its beautiful colors. And in little
more than a month we will return to Italy, this time to Naples and its extraordinary
setting.
I know that this is a special moment in your history -- a time of change and hopeful
renewal. I can sympathize with you because we too in America, in our own way, are
trying to change some important things.
43502
P.002/003
Embassy of the United States of America
05/31/94 11:22 AM
VILLA TAVERNA
Reception in Honor of Hillary Rodham Clinton
Thursday, June 2, 1994
MENU
Cascata di S. Daniele con Spiedini di Prosciutto e Melone
(Prosciutto and Melon Dish)
Trofeo di Scampi e Frutti di Mare con Salsa Arlecchino
(Composition of Shrimp and Seafood with Harlequin Sauce)
Vol au Vent alla Finanziera
(Patty Shells with Julienned Vegetables)
Pan Brioche del Buongustaio
(Tea Sandwiches in Various Flavors)
Ovoline alle Erbette
(Herbed Mozzarella Tidbits)
***
Sorbetto ai Due Colori (Limone e Fragula)
(Lemon and Strawberry Sherbets)
Pasticceria Mignon
(Petits Fours)
Alzata di Frutta
(Fresh Fruits in Season)
***
Cuvée Impertale Berlucchi Rosé (spumante)
Roero Arneis Bruno Giacosa 93 (white wine)
List of Prominent Italian Women
to meet Mrs. Millary R. Clinton
Marella AGNELLI
Agnelli is active in the
(Ah-NYEH-lee)
American Academy, arts and
historic preservation. Wile of
Gianni Agnelli, president of
FIAT.
English: Very good
Dr. Rosellina ARCHINTO
President of Emme Edizioni,
(Arr-KEEN-toe)
Milan; publisher of children's
books. Former Milan city
councilor for culture. Took lead
in organizing new home for USIS
Milan library collection to be
opened this autumn.
English: good
Gae AULENTI
Internationally famous architect.
(OWL-lenti)
Won the Legion d'Honneur (1988)
for her achievements in Paris,
which included the contest to
transform the Gare d'Orsay into
a muscum and the organization of
the Museum of Modern Art at the
Pompidou Center. Tn Venice she
restored the Palazzo Crassi.
Also famos for her work as an
interior designer, costumier and
operatic set designer.
English:
Cecilia BARTOLI
Mezzo-soprano singer, best known
(BAHR-toe-loc)
for her roles in Mozart and
Rossini operas. The Washington
Post calls her voice "one of the
most beautiful in the operatic
world." She drew rave reviews
and six encores at her
Washington debut at the Kennedy
Center this past March.
Musical America named her
performer of the year in 1993.
June 4 is her 28th birthday.
English: good
Flavia BIANCHERI
Professor of Literature. Wife of
(Byahn-CARE-co)
Italian Ambascador to the U.S.
Boris Bianchieri
Revised May 31, 1994
MAY-31-1994 23:42
ROME ITALY PRESS ADV OFC
43503 P.003,008
-
- 2 -
Letizia DONCOMPAGNI
Representative of old Roman
(Bonn-com-PAwN-knee)
aristocracy; On Boards of
numerous cultural organizations.
U.S. citizen; active in the
arts
English: excellent
Dr. Maria Giulia CRESPI
President of FAI, Italian
(CRES-pee)
Federation for the Environment,
and organization responsible for
the preservation of numerous
important Italian monuments,
parks and properties. Supporter
of center-left Alleanza
Democratica.
English: unknown very good
Manuela DI CENTA
Won five olympic medals at
(Dee-CHEN-ta)
Lillehammer (2 gold, 2 cilver,
bronze) in cross country skiing.
Quit competitive skiing at 21 in
protest against the pressure to
take steroids. A. thyroid
condition hospitalized her in
1993, but she overcame it to
compete at Lillchammer.
English: unknown
Donatella DINI
Businesswoman active in mergers
(DEE-nee)
and real estate development and
Central America. Took over and
developed her first husband's
business after his death. Now
married to the Treasury
Minister.
English: very good
Maria Pia FANFANI
Humanitarian activities; member
(Fahn-FAll-knco)
of a UN Advisory Group; ex-
president of Save the Children;
wife of former prime minister.
English: good
Carla FENDI
President of the board of
(FEHN-dee)
dircctors of the Fendi Group,
designers of quality leather
goods and furs. Went to work aL
an early age with sisters Paula
Revised May 31, 1994
43503 P.004/008
- 3 -
and Anna at the Rome Fendi
store.
Concentrates
on
marketing and public relations.
English: none
Anna Maria FINOCCHIARO
Ranking Minority leader of the
(Fee-no-KEE-a-row)
House Justice Committee. Degree
in law, magistrate. First
electod in Parliament in 1987
with PCI. - Re-elected in 1992
with PDS.
English:
Carla FRACCI
Internationally known ballet
(PRA-chee)
dancer. A Milanese fairy tale;
the daughter of a cable car
conductor, she became La Scala's
prima ballerina and still
performs at the age of 58.
Wears only white. Married to a
choreographer.
English: fair
Dr. Maria Grazia FRANCESCATO
President, of the Italian chapter
(Frahn-chess-KAH-toe)
of the World Wildlife Fund for
Nature since 1992. Francescato
was inspired to become an
environmentalist by a visit to
the polluted Great Lakes during
a stay in the U.S. Her position
is unpaid, and she continues to
support herself as a journalist
English good.
Ombretta FUMAGALLI-CARULLI
Deputy from the Christian
(Foom-ah-GAH-lee) (Kah-Roo-Li)
Democrat Center party.
English: fair
Prof. Rita LEVI MONTALCINI
Research scientist; Nobel Prize
(LEV-e) (Mohn-tall-CHEE-knee)
for Medicine in 1986 for her
research on multiple sclerosis;
She is currently doing research
at an Italian National Research
Coucil cellular biology
laboratory. Former professor of
biology at Washington
University, St. Louis; Member of
the American Academy of Science.
English: very good
Revised May 31, 1994
- 1 -
- -
Sofia LOREN
Academy Award-winning
actress (Rest Actress, 1961 for
"Two Women," also nominated for
beet actress in "Marriage
Italian Style, 1961). Native
Roman who has stayed above the
controversy surrounding her
niecc, Alessandra Mussolini, an
MSI politician. Married to film
producer Carlo Ponti.
English: very good
Carol MARTINO
Wife of Foreign Minister Antonio
(Mar-TREN-oh)
Martino; U.S. citizen.
Graduated from University or
Chicago in English literature.
Dr. Elena PACIOTTI
First woman procident of the
(Pah-CHO-tee)
Italian Judges' Association and
Assistant Proscoutor General in
Milan. Member of the Coucil of
Judges study committee on
equality between the sexes.
English:
Tiziana PARENTI
Forza Italia deputy (center-
(Par-EN-tee)
right) ;Former judge in the
"Clean Hands" corruption
investigation. Candidate for
chairmanship of important
parliamentary anti-mafia
committee.
English: good
Dr. Annamaria PETRIOLI TOFANI
Director of Florence's Uffizi
(Pe-TREE-oh-lee)
Callery, one of the foremost
museums in the world, since
1987. A native of Florence, she
is spearheading a project to
expand the galleries. The
museum suffered a terrorist
bombing in May 1993.
English: good
Irene PIVETTI
President, Chamber of Deputies
(Pih-Veh-TEE)
at age 31. An ardent and
outspoken Catholic known for her
conservative views. Degree in
Revised May 31, 1994
- 5 -
Modern Literature. in politics
with "Lega" since 1990. First
elected in Parliament in 1992.
The "Lega" was born in the late
1980's as an anti-establishment
party. It is mostly supported
by small businessmen and
entrepreneurs in Northern Italy.
English: good
Adriana POLI BORTONE
Minister of Agriculture from
(POLL-ee Boar-TONE-ay)
rightist Allcanza Nazionale.
Recently placated protesting
driftnet fishermen by saying she
would request the European
Commission to allow Italian
fishermen to use driftnets of 9
kilometers instead of the
recognized length of 2.5 km.
Such a practice would trigger
U.S. canctions under our
domestic legislation protecting
marine mammals.
English: unknown
On. Rosa RUSSO JERVOLINO
Acting Secretary of centrist
(R00-so) (Nair-voh-LEE-no)
Italian People's Party (formerly
Christian Democrats) and former
Minister of Social Affairs and
of Education. Her son went to
M.I.T. while one of her two
daughters works for the European
Commission in Brussels.
English: poor
Baroness Anne Marie SALLEO
Wife of Foreign Ministry
Sah-IAY-oh)
Secretary General. Born in
Budapest, then emigrated to
Colombia, Salleo joined the
Colombian Foreign Service and
worked as a vice consul in Taris
from 1964-65.
English: good
Marianna SCALFARO
Daughter of President Scalfaro.
(SCAHL-fa-row)
She will be the First Lady's
official hostess at the
Quirinale.
She studied
psychology in school, loves art
and is involved in charitable
Revised May 31, 1994
43503 P.007/008
- 6 -
Awaiting reply:
work.
English: poor
Dr. Maria Elisa TITTONI
Director, Capitoline Museums and
(Tee-TOH-knee)
Superintendent for Art in Rome.
She has been curator to dozens
of major exhibits in Rome and is
a prolific art cceayist. In
1989 she visited the U.S. on a
USG grant to study museum
management.
English: good
Monica VITTI
Actress. Has appeared in more
(VEE-Tee)
than 20 films directed by
Zeffirelli, Antonioni and
others. Has also directed and
produced. Has been named a
Knight of the Republic.
English: good
Lina WERTMULLER
Film director, "swept Away"
(VERT-moo-ler)
(1975) and 14 others. A master
of catire. A native of Rome,
Wertmuller has been Special
Commissioner of an Experimental
Cinema Center since 1988. She
is a Commander of the Order of
Merit of the Italian Republic
and a member of the Council for
Italo-American Relations.
English: very good
Dr. Tullia ZEVI
President of the Italian Jewish
(ZEH-vee)
Communities, Zcvi studied at the
Sorbonne and did graduate work
at Radcliffe College. She also
studied two years at the
Julliard School in New York.
English: very good
Revised May 31, 1994
FFE35
OFC
43503 P.008/008
Regrets:
Verunica BERLUSCONI
Former actress, stage name
(Bear-loose-COH-knee)
Veronica Lario; wife of Prime
Minister.
English: unknown
Dr. Inge FELTRINELLI
Publisher, owner of Feltrinelli
(Fell-TREE-knee)
Publishing House; Giangiacomo
Feltrinelli's widow. Interviewed
Hemingway, Chagall, Picasso,
Churchill and John F. Kennedy
English: very good
Dr. Dacia MARAINI
Writer; journalist; writes for
(Mah-rah-EE-knee)
daily papers and magazines.
Author of cesays, novels, poems
and screenplays, including that
of the movie "Anni di Piombo"
acut the the Red Brigades.
Edited translation of the comedy
"Prima pagina" which starred
Monica Vitti. Alberto Moravia's
widow
English: good
Barbara PALOMBELLI (Rutelli)
Wife of Rome Mayor Francesco
(Pal-ohm-BEH-Lee) (Rue-TEH-lee)
Rutelli, also a successful
journalist for the national
daily La Repubblica. She has
also worked for the other
leading daily, Corriere della
Sera. In 1991, was one of three
women journalists to recoive the
Knight Order of the Italian
Republic from then-President
Francesco Cossiga. Two sons.
English: ?
Prof. Biancamaria TEDESCHINI-LALLI
(Ted-es-KEY-knee LAH-11)
Rector and founder of University
of Rome III. A professor of
American Literature, she is the
first woman Lo be named a
university rector in Italy.
English: very good
Revised May 31, 1994
TOTAL P.008
002
Flavia Arzeni Biancheri
Flavia Arzeni Biancheri was born in Macerata, Italy, and spcnt her
childhood in Italy, Germany, and Central America. She received a degree
in German Literature from the University of Naples and studied literature
and philosophy at the Frei Universität in Berlin.
She continued to pursue research in the humanities and joined the
faculty of the University of Rome as Associate Professor in the
Department of German Language and Literature, from which she is on
temporary leave. A gifted writer, as well as a literary and theater critic,
Prof. Arzeni has been a long standing contributor to a number of Italian
dailies and magazines such as L'Indipendente, II Messaggero, and
Panorama.
Her marriage to a diplomat in 1979 and the changes of residence
from one continent to another as an Ambassador's wife introduced a new
perspective to Prof. Arzeni's work in the humanities. In fact, during four
years in Japan, she began to investigate and pursued research on
Oriental art and its imprints in Europe. When husband Boris was called
back to the Ministry in Rome, Prof. Arzeni resumed her academic career
at the University. One of the results was a widely acclaimed book.
L'unmagine e il segno (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1987) on the Japanese
influence on European art and culture. with special attention to
Germany.
The subsequent transfer of Ambassador Biancheri to London
took Prof. Arzeni to the Oriental Art Department of the University of
London where she honed her skills as a critic and then to Sotheby's for a
brief praticum.
Another transfer, this time to Washington, where she is a regular
contributor to the cultural page of Il Messaggero. Rome's leading daily.
She has completed the research and is now writing the final chapters of a
book about literature and art in Berlin.
Fluent in five languages and the mother of two children, 13 year
old Niccolò and 6 year old Nathalie, Prof. Arzeni and her husband, Italian
Ambassador to the United States Boris Biancheri. have lived in
Washington since 1991.
Copyright 1994 Reuters Limited
The Reuter European Community Report
April 24, 1994, Sunday, BC cycle
LENGTH: 642 words
HEADLINE: JEWS, CATHOLICS CRITICIZE ITALY'S NEW SPEAKER
BYLINE: By Jeffrey Donovan
DATELINE: ROME, April 24
The leader of Italy's new parliament, 31-year-old Irene Pivetti, faces a flood of criticism for
perceived anti-Semitic and pro-fascist remarks just a week after her election.
Pivetti, a member of the federalist Northern League, made history on April 16 when she
became the youngest parliamentary speaker in Italy since World War Two with her election
as leader of the Chamber of Deputies (lower house).
But her first week in one of Italy's highest institutional offices was called a "disaster" by
the newspaper La Repubblica at the weekend after Roman Catholics, Jews and feminists
criticised her for a rash of statements.
The latest furor erupted over an interview the staunchly conservative Catholic gave to the
right-wing weekly Italia Settimanale in which she voiced admiration for the women's policies
of wartime fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.
While Pivetti said she did not support fascism she said she "could see all the good things
fascism did for Italy."
"Mussolini had the most advanced policy towards women -- and nothing was done after
him in those areas," she said.
Tina
a former Christian Democrat and World War Two resistance fighter, said
history lesson.
whose 'good things' she praises, had had its way we wouldn't even have a
Aselmi said.
Under fascism, women were banned form most high-level jobs and had no right to vote.
They received state aid for having several children.
"Everyome knows Mussolini's family policies were based on the very dictates of war," said
Beppe Del Colle, a leading Roman Catholic Church affairs commentator.
"The family was simply understood as the factory of the future fighters of an imperial
Italy," he said.
Pivetti has said her remarks "referred to the pre-war social reality in Italy" and were taken
out of context.
But they added to concern over the politics of the right-wing "Freedom Alliance" led by
media magnate Silvio Berlusconi which won last month's general elections.
Its main partners include the Northern League and the neo-fascist National Alliance, whose
leader Gianfranco Fini last month called Mussolini "the greatest statesman of the century."
Pivetti, a graduate of the Catholic University of Milan and former journalist, has been a
member of parliament since 1992.
Her critics regard her as a religious radical whose comments have bordered on the
anti-Semitic. Some of Pivetti's remarks were cited last year in the World Jewish Council's
Anti-Semitism World Report.
"I think it's time the world knew about Irene Pivetti," said Tullia Zevi, president of Italy's
Union of Jewish Communities.
"I would call her a fundamenalist Catholic whose views on the church's dialogue with
Judaism and other religions are out of date," Zevi said.
Zevi recalled Pivetti's disagreement with Pope John Paulwhen he proclaimed Jews the
"elder brothers" of Christians during an historic 1986 visit to Rome's synagogue, the first by a
pontiff to a place of Jewish worship.
"Pivetti's comment was: 'I don't see why people who belong to a false religion should be
considered our elder brothers'," Zevi told Reuters.
Pivetti has been critical of the Pope's pleas for ecumenism and efforts at inter-religious
dialogue by Milan Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini, who is widely considered a possible future
Pope.
Pivetti has defended herself by saying that no good Catholic denies his religion is the one
true faith.
"She's against mosques being built in Italy because some Arab countries don't allow
Catholic churches," said Del Colle.
Lisa Palmieri-Billig, Rome representative of the Anti- Defamation League B'nai-B'rith, said
Pivetti's views predated the 1965 Second Vatican Council, when the Vatican repudiated the
notion of collective Jewish guilt for Jesus' crucifixion. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
Copyright 1994 News World Communications, Inc.
The Washington Times
March 27, 1994, Sunday, Final Edition
SECTION: Part D; ARTS; MUSIC; Pg. D3
LENGTH: 632 words
HEADLINE: Roman diva new empress of opera
BYLINE: Octavio Roca; THE WASHINGTON TIMES
BODY:
The audience wouldn't let her go until she had given them six encores, andthe cheering
went on long after the singing stopped.
The festive occasion was Cecilia Bartoli's long-awaited Washington debutFriday at the
Kennedy Center, a sold-out affair with people crammed into extra seats on the Concert Hall
stage.
It was an exhilarating evening, with veteran opera aficionados and thrillednewcomers
giddy with pleasure as the Roman diva sang.
Miss Bartoli, 27, is blessed with one of the great voices of our day, agift she has served
and cared for with intelligence and wit. A gorgeous woman and born stage creature, she
brought to life songs from three centuries as if they had just been composed for the evening.
She sang with her whole body, alighting on a smile as gently as on adazzling roulade.
Her gestures were few, simple and true, sexy by nature yet modest by design.
In Paisiello's bouncy Gypsy tale, "Chi vuol la zingarella," Miss Bartoli had the audience
laughing along with a playful trill, evoking memories of Beverly Sills at her bubbly best.
Partnered with the immensely gifted Gyorgy Fischer, Miss Bartoli sang withabandon and
authority. Her divisions were perfect, her trills crystal clear.
If the haunting free vibrato in her middle voice recalled the youngFrederica von Stade, the
voluptuous creaminess of the sound brought to mind the sweetness of Kathleen Ferrier. The
Bartoli voice is all of a piece, her rich low notes seamlessly woven into the luminous and
free soprano extension.
Add to these an adorable, natural stage presence and the results made for aglorious debut.
The beginning was old-fashioned in the most refreshing sense. Miss Bartoli sang
selections from what used to be called "Arie antiche," the 17th-century roots of Italian song
where one can hear the seeds of Bellini and Verdi. From these she moved on to the
composers she was born to sing, Rossini and Mozart.
Generous and anxious to communicate each song's beauty, Miss Bartoli alsoturned
introspective. The evening's most moving performance was Vivaldi's "Sposa son disprezzata,"
from the opera "Bajazet."
She leaned on the piano and closed her eyes, letting the audience eavesdropon an interior
monologue that balanced Racinian elegance with barely concealed passion.
It was almost shocking how relevant and contemporary she let Vivaldi be. Asfresh was an
encore by Bellini, which suggested that London Records would do well to explore the rare
mezzo-soprano version of "La Sonambula" as a vehicle for Miss Bartoli.
A mistress of Italian and French styles, Miss Bartoli also proved idealfor Spanish songs
in two encores, including Xavier Montsalvatge's "Cancion negra." The sixth encore hinted at a
promise of what might lie ahead when the mezzo-soprano matures vocally in her 30s: She
launched into the Seguidilla from Act 2 of "Carmen."
A flamenco dancer in her teens, Miss Bartoli let the spirit of Bizet'sseductive Gypsy
become inseparable with her singing. Her hands drew filigrees in the air, her hips swayed
and her voice was one with the music. Everything was in place: the finesse of Victoria de los
Angeles and the fire of Maria Callas, with Marilyn Horne's insolent technique and a timbre all
her own.
Just when we were beginning to despair the end of a golden age, along comesthis treasure.
Perhaps Miss Horne and Miss von Stade, Renata Scotto, Montserrat Caballe, Luciano
Pavarotti and Jose Carreras will not be the last of a great tradition.
A young generation that boasts a Tiziana Fabbriccini, a Dmitri Hvorostovskyand a Cecilia
Bartoli has nothing to envy the past. Perhaps opera's future is very bright indeed.
GRAPHIC: Photo, Cecilia Bartoli shines in her long-awaited Washington debut.
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LOAD-DATE-MDC: March 27, 1994
Copyright 1992 PR Newswire Association, Inc.
PR Newswire
October 19, 1992, Monday
SECTION: Domestic News
DISTRIBUTION: TO ARTS EDITOR
LENGTH: 484 words
HEADLINE: GIOVANNI AND MARELLA AGNELLI TO RECEIVE HADRIAN AWARD
FOR LEADERSHIP IN THE PRESERVATION OF ART AND ARCHITECTURE ON NOV.
2
DATELINE: NEW YORK, Oct. 19
BODY:
On Monday, Nov. 2, the World Monuments Fund will present its annual HadrianAward to
Fiat Chairman Giovanni Agnelli and his wife, Marella, for their leadership in the
preservation of art and architecture. The presentation will be made at a formal luncheon at
the Pierre in New York. Dr. and Mrs. Henry A. Kissinger are co-chairmen of the event.
The Hadrian Award is given each year to an international corporate of philanthropic leader
whose support of cultural activity has enhanced the understanding, appreciation and
preservation of art and architecture. Last year's recipient was philanthropist Mrs. Vincent
Astor.
"The Agnellis have played a major role in initiating and supporting a wide range of cultural
activities, in Italy and internationally, through their personal philanthropy and through the
cultural programs at the Fiat Corporation," commented Bonnie Burnham, executive director of
the World Monuments Fund.
Through Fiat, Mr. Agnelli has led a notable effort to save some of Italy's most
distinguished buildings, such as the Palazzo Grassi in Venice and the Palazzo d'Azeglio in
Turin, and animate them with new cultural life. Mrs. Agnelli, through personal leadership
and philanthropy, has spearheaded the development of FAI, an Italian national trust for
historically significant buildings and landscapes.
In the United States, Mr. Agnelli has participated in and sponsored national and
international conferences concerning conservation of fine arts, as well as major art exhibitions
throughout the country. A contribution from the Agnellis to the Metropolitan Museum of Art
permitted the conservation and reinstallation of the museum's Pompeiian mural painting cycle.
Mr. Agnelli has also served from many years on the jury of the Pritzker Prize for
Architecture.
About the World Monuments Fund
The World Monuments Fund, with headquarters in New York City, is aleader in the
worldwide struggle to protect the built environment from the ravages of time, pollution,
tourism and other forms of destruction. The only private, non-profit preservation organization
with an international agenda, the World Monuments Fund is sponsoring programs in countries
such as Cambodia, Czechoslovakia, England, France, Italy,
Mexico, Spain and the United States.
The World Monuments Fund's Hadrian Award was established in 1988. Previous recipients
have been Carlo De Benedetti for the Olivetti company, philanthropist Paul Mellon for his
life-long support of conservation and humanistic studies, H.R.H. The Prince of Wales for his
outspoken advocacy of architectural principles, and Mrs. Vincent Astor, the most ardent
patron of patron of preservation in New York City.
CONTACT: Gualberto Ranieri of Fiat USA, Inc., 212-207-0947; or, JoelleKlein of Jane
Wesman Public Relations, 212-598-4440, for Fiat USA
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LOAD-DATE-MDC: October 20, 1992
Copyright 1994 The Time Inc. Magazine Company
Sports Illustrated
March 7, 1994
SECTION: SKIING; Pg. 41
LENGTH: 694 words
HEADLINE: Snow Queen;
With five medals, Nordic specialist Manuela Di Centa of Italy outshone all others at the
Games
BYLINE: by William Oscar Johnson
BODY:
The night after she won her fifth medal and became the most-decorated athlete at these
Winter Games, Manuela Di Centa, the dazzling Italian cross-country skier, celebrated at a
dinner with friends in a private home near Lillehammer. But she was not entirely happy. The
cover of a magazine in Milan pictured her topless on a beach in Italy. "Why do they do these
things?" Di Centa said. "I was with my family at this beach. What is the importance of
this?"
The importance of this was that la bella Manuela had suddenly become the queen of skiing
in Italy. And henceforth she would share the hearts and minds of her countrymen not to
mention their gossip columns with the king, the flamboyant slalomist Alberto Tomba, who
was also having his troubles with Italian tabloids.
It was not as if Di Centa was an unknown before these Olympics. Now 31, she began
competing on the national team when she was 17, and more than once her rebellious spirit
and her radiant beauty had made her a hot subject in the papers. After four seasons with the
Italian team she quit cold in 1984, loudly denouncing the national ski federation. "They paid
no attention to women," Di Centa says. "We skied, but we were taught nothing. The world
of cross-country skiing used unnatural systems yes, blood doping [then legal] went on. I
didn't agree with these things. I quit."
When the coaching staff of the ski federation changed in 1987, Di Centa returned to the
team and soon began a feud with its rising star, the steady Stefania Belmondo, who is six
years Di Centa's junior and her opposite in personality. Di Centa resented the fact that she
had fought the battle for women on the team while Belmondo simply sashayed through the
door Di Centa had opened. It didn't help that Belmondo repeatedly outshone Di Centa in
competition, including at Albertville in 1992, where Belmondo won three Olympic medals to
Di Centa's one.
Di Centa didn't know it, but at the time of the '92 Games she was sufferingfrom a
debilitating malfunction of her thyroid gland. "I was crying before races, I had no spring, no
life," she says. After Albertville she twice entered a hospital for stays of a month. She was so
weak and depressed that, she says, "my only goal was to survive." Later that year a doctor in
Pisa finally identified her malady and prescribed a drug, Eutirox 100, that Di Centa must
take daily for the rest of her life.
Di Centa's harvest of medals in Lillehammer comprised golds in the15-kilometer and 30K
races, silvers in the 5K and the pursuit, and a bronze in the 4X5K relay. And to her great
satisfaction, she trampled Belmondo, who had an injured toe and won only two bronzes. "I
want little girls to be inspired by seeing that a woman who is not like a man can win in
sport," Di Centa says. "I think my medals touch all women. Especially in Italy."
As for Tomba, he arrived in Norway on a serious mission: to become the first Alpine skier
to win gold in three consecutive Olympics. As always, however, there was a limit to Tomba's
seriousness. At a press conference someone recalled that after his previous Olympic triumphs,
at Calgary in '88 and at Albertville, Tomba had suggested that Alberta change its name to
Alberto, and Albertville to Albertoville. What would he rename Lillehammer if he won gold?
Said Alberto: "Lille-Tomba."
He then revealed that he had brought his own chef, his own stash of Italian wine and his
own condoms. Someone asked how he was doing with women in Norway. "Maybe tonight
will be better," he said.
When Italian tabloids jumped all over these items, Tomba complained, "No one knows a
joke anymore. My girlfriend has called me crying on the phone."
The crying got worse before it got better. In the giant slalom an uncharacteristically clumsy
Tomba was 13th after the first run, then missed a gate in the second. In the slalom he had a
desultory first run that left him in 12th place. On his second try, though, Tomba was Tomba,
cracking off a tremendous run to win the silver.
Tomba's failure to get a gold kept him out of the history books, so Lillehammer will not be
renamed Lille-Tomba. But how about Manuela-hammer?
GRAPHIC: Picture, NO CAPTION descColor: Manuela Di Centa cross-country skiing,
HEINZ KLUETMEIER
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LOAD-DATE-MDC: March 8, 1994
Copyright 1994 Agence France Presse
Agence France Presse
March 20, 1994 17:15 Eastern Time
SECTION: Sports
LENGTH: 307 words
HEADLINE: Di Centa adds to titles and then hints of retirement
DATELINE: THUNDER BAY, Canada, March 20
BODY:
Manuela Di Centa, who won five medals at the Olympics last month, clinchedthe nordic
skiing World Cup on Sunday and then said she thinking of retiring.
After winning the women's 10kms race she said she may have performed in her last race.
She will make a final decision during the summer.
Di Centa said she'd had a brilliant season and consequently "I have to stopafter this
because it's difficult to improve on this situation."
She would like to stay close to cross-country skiing, perhaps as a clothing designer or by
working in the media as an analyst.
Di Centa had finished fourth Saturday in the 5kms but both times she wasahead of
Russian rival Lyubov Egorova -- the only other woman who had a chance of taking the
World Cup title.
In the Nordir combined event, Hippolyt Kempt of Switzerland held off World Cup
champion Kenji Ogiwara of Japan in a duel down the home stretch.
Og
already clinched the World Cup title and his countryman, Takanori Kono, was
sec
kilometre men's relay, Norway's powerful team was first followed by Finland
eden.
The winning team was made up of Krister Soergaard, Vegard Ulvang, Bjorn Daehlie and
Thomas Alsgrard, all Olympians.
The Associated Press
The materials in the AP file were compiled by The Associated Press. These materials may not
be republished without the express written consent of The Associated Press.
March 31, 1983, Thursday, PM cycle
SECTION: Domestic News
LENGTH: 120 words
HEADLINE: Names In The News
DATELINE: ROME
BODY:
Maria Pia Fanfani, wife of Italian Premier Amintore Fanfani, has beengiven Poland's
highest cultural award for working to improve Polish-Italian relations.
The "Medal of Merit for Polish Culture" also went to Rome's former Communist mayor,
Giulio Carlo Argan.
In an address at the Polish Embassy on Wednesday, Polish Ambassador Emil Wojtaszek
said Argan was honored for bringing an exhibit of Polish modern art to Rome while he was
mayor four years ago.
Mrs. Fanfani traveled to Poland in late 1981 aboard a plane packed with medicine, food
and other contributions after martial law was imposed. She also wrote and took photographs
for a book on Poland 15 years ago entitled "Poland, Second Millenium."
GRAPHIC: Laserphoto NY14
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
Copyright 1992 Agence France Presse
Agence France Presse
October 27, 1992
SECTION: News
LENGTH: 98 words
HEADLINE: Christian Democrats elect first women as head of party
DATELINE: ROME
BODY:
The Christian Democrats elected their first woman president on Tuesdaynaming Rosa
Russo Jervolino, the minister of public instruction, to head Italy's leading party following a
series of scandals and electoral setbacks.
Russo Jervolino, 56, a lawyer and former senator who has held severalcabinet posts,
notably in the social affairs department, will succeed Ciriaco De Mita as head of what has
been Italy's ruling party since World War II.
The Christian Democrats last month vowed to renew their party and return toits Christian
sources and elected Mino Martinazzoli as the strongman on the party secretariat to do the job.
Key members have been implicated in a huge Milan corruption scandal, whileSicilian
judges investigating mafia corruption have charged that Salvo Lima, the Christian Democratic
leader in Sicily who was assassinated last March, acted as an intermediary between the mafi
and local political leaders.
Russo Jervolino is the only woman to hold the leadership of an Italianpolitical party.
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LOAD-DATE-MDC: October 27, 1992
Copyright 1991 Newsday, Inc.
Newsday
June 6, 1991, Thursday, NASSAU AND SUFFOLK EDITION
SECTION: PART II; CARLA FRACCI IS BACK AS A REGULAR ABT VISITOR; Pg. 71
Other Edition: City Pg. 66
LENGTH: 907 words
HEADLINE: A Welcome Guest Once Again
BYLINE: By Janice Berman. STAFF WRITER
BODY:
CARLA FRACCI has no idea how many "Giselles" she's already danced, or how many
she'll dance in the future. The one that's important to her right now is the one she'll dance
tonight with Julio Bocca at American Ballet Theater at the Metropolitan Opera House.
In her 35-year career, the revered Italian ballerina's danced "Giselle" with Mikhail
Baryshnikov, Rudolf Nureyev, Vladimir Vasiliev, Ivan Nagy and the late Erik Bruhn, the
partner, she said, who is "in my heart." It was Bruhn, the renowned Danish danseur noble,
who launched her association with American Ballet Theater, as well as a magical partnership,
by inviting her to dance there with him as a guest artist in 1967, when she was a relative
unknown.
"Who is Carla Fracci? she remembered the company brass saying. She laughed gently,
sitting one recent afternoon on the piano bench in her prima-ballerina dressing room, next
door to Cynthia Gregory's in the Metropolitan Opera House.
Fracci had spent the day rehearsing for "Giselle"; now she was dressed fordinner, all in
white, "Giselle" on Earth, but just barely. She wore a white cotton dress handmade for her,
white stockings and shoes. Her long brown hair was pulled back from her face, and, as might
be expected, she looked younger than her 54 years.
Tonight Fracci will dance with Bocca, 24, ABT's most exciting male dancer. "Always
very interesting, new partners," Fracci said, smiling just a little enigmatically and voicing
her admiration for Bocca's abilities. "To be two persons within one person, this is very
important," said Fracci. "The important thing is to have something special with your partner
onstage, not to be alone." It's also important, Fracci said, to find something new in each
partner, "so you give and you [take], so the role is always alive
not only for the audience,
but also for yourself."
For the audience, the temptation, of course, is to hope for another fabled May-December
pairing, perhaps on the order of Rudolf Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn.
Fracci is performing as a guest extensively with ABT this season, after adecade of sparse
appearances with the company during Baryshnikov's reign as artistic director - - a decade when
the company, per Baryshnikov's wishes, rarely brought in guest artists. "[Now that] he's out,
the company is as it was before." And now as before, Fracci makes audiences cheer - in
recent weeks, particularly for her performances as the unwilling bride in Antony Tudor's
"Lilac Garden." It is eloquent drama of a piece with her strengths. Fracci, renowned for her
classical interpretations but equally superb in more contemporary dramatic roles, can hold an
entire audience in the palm of her hand simply by lifting an arm.
And now, "Giselle." Choreographed in 1841, "Giselle" is the paradigm of classical dancing
that demands great dramatic ability as well. "There is a lot of jumping - - very difficult, but
you have to not show it. It always has to be very smooth, like, don't shout, you understand?"
And so far, she said, it is smooth, she isn't encountering problems with technique.
EACH DAY SHE takes class. "The shoulder is the work you do every day," Fracci said.
"You can't just relax and say here I am, etoile or star. When you go on in your career, you
demand much more of yourself. It is not only for the audience, but it is also a kind of
everyday exam of yourself, every performance. You just cannot let go and say, That's my
performance.' I've never been like that," she declared, "never, not in beginning, never. You
ask always more of yourself. You have to believe in what you are doing and never stop."
Fracci did her first important "Giselle" at 18 with the London FestivalBallet for artistic
director Anton Dolin, who told her that when she posed in arabesque she reminded him of the
great Russian ballerina Olga Spessivtzeva's Giselle. Her "Giselle" for Dolin was her first
important one because of what she learned from him. "He told me many things, then they
become yours," she said.
From him she learned the important distinction between "Giselle's" first act and its second,
the reality of the first act, which takes place in a peasant village, and the spirituality of the
second, in which Giselle is a ghost in the kingdom of the Wilis. She also learned from Dolin
that in the second act, Giselle always has to carry herself with an air of supplication, for she
is praying steadily for Albrecht's life to be saved. "Always this kind of over," Fracci said,
bowing her torso and head forward to demonstrate.
Initially, ABT had billed Fracci's performance as her farewell "Giselle" with the company.
"Who told you?" Fracci asked, a slight edge in her otherwise gracious voice. Then she
chuckled. "I don't think you have to do a farewell. It's one of the most sad and silly things.
Once you don't do, you don't do! I don't decide when will be."
This year, Fracci said, she's danced about 20 "Giselles" in Italy - in Rome, Palermo and
at La Scala in Milan, where she lives with her husband, director Beppi Menegatti, and their
son, Francesco, an architecture student.
"I mean, I did so many now. Well, of course, you have to stop one day but I will not
decide to say, 'Now, that's it.' It will finish, as many ballets finish: It will be sad, but - M and
with that, Fracci lifted her shoulders in a shrug that, had she done it onstage at the Met,
would have commanded everyone's undivided attention.
GRAPHIC: Newsday Photo by Jon Naso- 'You can't just relax and say here I am, etoile or
star,' says Carla Fracci. 'When you go on in your career, you demand much more of
yourself.'
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
Copyright 1993 Information Access Company;
Copyright Scientific American Inc. 1993
Scientific American
January, 1993
SECTION: Vol. 268 ; No. 1 ; Pg. 32; ISSN: 0036-8733
LENGTH: 2002 words
HEADLINE: Finding the good in the bad; Nobel Prize laureate Rita Levi-Montalcini
BYLINE: Holoway, Marguerite
BODY:
As a feminist in a family with Victorian mores and as a jew and free-thinkerin Mussolini's
Italy, Rita Levi-Montalcini has encountered various forms of oppression many times in her
life. Yet the neurobiologist, whose tenacity and preciseness are immediately apparent in her
light, steel-blue eyes and elegant black-and-white attire, embraces the forces that shaped her.
"If I had not been discriminated against or had not suffered persecution, I would never have
received the Nobel Prize," she declares.
Poised on the edge of a couch in her apartment in Rome that she shares withher twin
sister, Paola, Levi- Montalcini recalls the long, determined struggle that culminated in joining
the small group of women Nobelists in 1986. She won the prize for elucidating a substance
essential to the survival of nerve cells. Her discovery of nerve growth factor led to a new
understanding of the development and differentiation of the nervous system. Today it and
other similar factors are the subject of intense investigation because of their potential to
revive damaged neurons, especially those harmed in such diseases as Alzheimer's.
The journey from Turin, where she was born in 1909, to this serene andimpeccable Roman
living room laden with plants and with the etchings and sculptures of Paola, a well-known
artist, tested Levi- Montalcini's mettle from her earliest years. "It was a very patriarchal
society, and I simply resented, from early childhood, that women were reared in such a way
that everything was decided by the man," she proclaims. Initially, she wanted to be a
philosopher but soon decided she was not logically minded enough. When her governess, to
whom she was devoted, died of cancer, she chose to become a doctor. There only remained
the small matter of getting her father, an engineer, to grant permission and of making up for
the time she had lost in a girls high school, where graduation led to marriage, not to the
university. That "annoyed me so much that I decided to never do as my mother did. And it
was a very good decision--at that time, I could never have done anything in particular if I had
married." Levi- Montalcini pauses, leans forward and asks intensely, "Are you married?" She
sighs with relief at the answer. "Good," she says, smiling.
After she received her father's grudging consent, Levi- Montalcini studiedfor the entrance
examination and then enrolled in the Turin School of Medicine at the age of 21. Drawn to a
famous, eccentric teacher, Giuseppe Levi, she decided to become an intern at the Institute of
Anatomy. There Levi- Montalcini became adept at histology, in particular at staining nerve
cells.
Since Levi was curious about aspects of the nervous system, he assigned hisstudent a
Herculean labor: to figure out how the convolutions of the human brain are formed. In
addition to the overwhelming undertaking of finding human fetuses in a country where
abortion was illegal, "the assignment was an impossible task to give your student or an
established scientist," Levi- Montalcini explains, her voice hardening. "It was a really stupid
question, which I couldn't solve and no one could solve."
She abandomed the project--after a series of unpleasant forays for subjectmatter--and with
Levi's permission began to study the development of the nervous system in chick embryos.
Several years later she was forced to stop that work as well. Mussolini had declared his
dictatorship by 19 2 5 and since then anti-semitism had grown in Italy. By 1936, hostility was
openly apparent, and in 1939, Levi- Montalcini withdrew from the university, worried about
the safety of her non-Jewish colleagues who would be taking a risk by letting her study.
Levi- Montalcini accepted an invitation to conduct her research at aneurological institute
in Belgium. But, fearing for her family, she soon returned to Turin--just before Mussolini and
Hitler forged their alliance. Undeterred, Lena- Montalcini continued her research: "I
immediately found a way to establish a laboratory in my bedroom." In the years that
followed, bomis fell repeatedly, and again and again she would lug her microscope and slides
to safety in the basement.
In spite ofthe hardship--or perhaps, as Levi-- Montalcini sees it, becauseof the
adversity--it was during this time that she laid the groundwork for her later investigation of
nerve growth.lactor. "You never know what is good, what is bad in life," she muses. "I mean,
in my case it vas my good chance." Levi- Montalcini and her family left Turin in 1942 for
the surrounding hills and successfully survived the war in hiding. By convincing farmers that
she needed egs for her children (whom she did not have), Levi- Montalcini studied how
embryonic nere tissue differentiates into specialized types. The prevailing theory, developed
by renowned bologist Viktor Hamburger of Washington University, held that the
differentiation,or specialization, of nerve cells depends in large part on their destination. In
his experimens, Hamburger removed developing limbs in chick embryos to see how such
excision would affect the later growth and differentiation of the nerve cells destined for that
region of thembryo.
Hamburgenbserved that the centers of embryonic nerve cells near and in thedeveloping
spinal columnwhere the cells start their journey out to other tissues--were much smaller
when he excist the limb buds. He suggested that some inductive or organizing factor,
probably conined in the limb, could no longer call out to the nerve cells. Therefore, they
neither peslized nor grew away from the developing spinal cord into the region of the
absent limb
After conducting experiments directed at the same question,Levi- Montalcini reached a
different conclusion. She found that fewer nerve cells grew into the area where the limb bud
had been eliminated, but she proposed that some kind of nutrient, important for the survival
of nerve cells and normally produced by the limb, was missing. Her theory differed from
Hamburger's view because Levi- Montalcini proposed that nerve cell differentiation did take
place despite the removal of the limb but that the cells soon died because they did not receive
some sustaining, trophic factor. The limb did not contribute to differentiation, that is, it did
not contain an organizing factor; rather it produced something that nourished already
specialized nerve cells.
A paper of hers on this topic was published in a Belgian journal and wasread by
Hamburger, who invited her to St. Louis in 1946. Hamburger wanted to work with Levi-
Montalcini on the problem of nerve cell differentiation--and, indeed, later came to agree with
her interpretation. Although she initially accepted a semester-long research position at
Washington, Levi- Montalcini remained until 1961. She is now professor emeritus at
Washington but spends most of her time in her native country.
Levi- Montalcini recalls being unsure of the future of her research aftershe arrived in the
U.S. One afternoon, a series of observations, as well as the presentation of a challenge, gave
her a renewed sense of purpose. At that time, neurobiologists thought differences in the
number and function of various nerve cells were mostly the consequence of proliferative
processes.
But Levi- Montalcini was about to discover that the developing nervoussystem, at least in
parts, uses a strategy different from the one previously assumed. She had prepared a series of
tissue slides of chick embryo spinal cords in different stages of development. By looking at
the succession of slides, she was able to observe the migration of nerve cells early in
development to their final positions alongside the spinal column. There, for the first time, she
saw the later elimination, or pruning back, of some of them. "I put on a Bach cantata because
I was so terribly happy. I had realized that there was still so much to be discovered," says
Levi- Montalcini, her delight vividly clear.
Over the next several years, Levi- Montalcini focused on searching for themysterious
trophic factor that she had intuited during the war. A former student of Hamburger's had
fortuitously noticed that a certain mouse tumor cell line--called sarcoma 180-caused more
nerve cells to grow. When Lexi- Montalcini incorporated the tumor cells into developing
chicks, she observed the same effect. Something in the tumor caused the differentiation of the
nerve cells to accelerate; it also caused the creation of excessive numbers of nerve fibers.
Levi- Montalcini started trying to isolate the trophic factor and began tocollaborate with
biochemist Stanley Cohen, then at Washington and now at the Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine. They found that the partially purified factor contained both protein and nucleic
acid. By adding enzymes from snake venom--which breaks down these compounds--in hopes
of determining which component contained the biological activity, the two discovered that the
venom itself contained the factor.
This finding (described in detail in her autobiography, In Praise ofImperfection) led to the
realization that nerve growth factor is produced in salivary glands in mice, providing a new,
easy source for studies of the material. By designing an antiserum, Levi- Montalcini and
Cohen were able to chart the role of the factor. It became clear that it is essential to the
differentiation and health of nerve cells.
In 1986 Levi- Montalcini and Cohen shared the Nobel Prize for thisachievement. When
the phone rang in Rome with the news, she was pages from the end of Agatha Christie's Evil
under the Sun. "At the moment that I was finding out about the criminal, they told me that I
was awarded the Nobel," she laughs, getting up to retrieve the book from the hallway. She
points to a handwritten
note on the second-to-last page--befitting a neuroscientist, her edition has a skull on the
cover--where she had marked "call from Stockholm" and the time. "So I was very happy
about it, but I wanted much more to know the end of the story," she admits.
Although she says her popularity interferes with her life, Levi- Montalcini has used the
Nobel to extend her work into areas that concern her. She is president of the Italian Multiple
Sclerosis Association and is a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences; she was the
first woman to be elected to the academy. "I can do things that are very, very important,
which I would never have been able to do if I did not receive it," she says. "It has given me
the possibility of helping a lot of people." And she helps whomever she can. The phone rings
incessantly in her apartment. "People ask for medical help," she explains, after answering each
call and graciously talking with the parents or other relatives of someone ill. "But sometimes
there is nothing to do."
In addition, Levi- Montalcini and her sister recently started their ownproject: a foundation
that will provide mentors, counseling and grants to teenagers deciding what field, whether it
be art or science, to enter. For several hours every week, she receives young students in her
laboratory at the Institute of Neurobiology at the National Research Council in Rome and
talks with them about their interests and her experiments. "The only way to help is to give
young people a chance for the future. Because we cannot fight the Mafia, we cannot fight
corruption without giving an alternative to young people," she says.
Levi- Montalcini's research at the institute, which she founded in the1960s, has also taken
a new turn. She is studying the role of nerve growth factor in the immune and endocrine
systems. "The neotrophic factor was just the tip of the iceberg," she notes. "So even now I am
doing something entirely different. just in the same spirit as when I was a young person. And
this is very pleasing to me," she says, laughing. "I mean, at my old age, I could have no more
capacity. And I believe I still have plenty."
GRAPHIC: Photograph
IAC-NUMBER: IAC 13296268
IAC-CLASS: Magazine
Copyright 1994 Predicasts, a Division of Ziff Communications Co.
Marketletter (Publications) Ltd
Marketletter
March 7, 1994
SECTION: ISSN: 0140-4288
LENGTH: 232 words
HEADLINE: ITALIAN NOBEL PRIZE BRIBE CLAIM DENIED
BODY:
The Nobel Prize committee has dismissed as "absolutely untrue" a claim by former Italian
health official Duilio Poggiolini that Rita Levi Montalcini won the Nobel Prize for Medicine
jointly in 1986 following a bribe paid by pharmaceutical company Fidia (Marketletter
february 21). Margareta Petrini, secretary to the Nobel Assembly at Stockholm's Karolinska
Institute, said the claim was "so unreal there is no possibility of it happening."
Under questioning by Italian judges, Prof Poggiolini, ex-director of the pharmaceutical
service at Italy's Ministry of Health, alleged that Fidia paid the Nobel Committee to ensure
that Prof Levi Montalcini won the $290,000 prize, which she shared with Stanley Cohen of
the USA for rearch into tissue regeneration and growth factors. Prof Poggiolini said that
Fidia paid $8 million to the prize committee, but that a part of that sum was earmarked to pay
for Prof Levi Montalcini's research. He added that he had found out about the payment from
Francesco della Valle, the former head of Fidia in Italy.
Prof Levi Montalcini has called the incident a "disgrace" for the entire scientific
community. Shehas received expressions of solidarity and support from the Italian scientific
community andfrom the country's president, Oscar luigi Scalfaro.
Copyright 194 Marketletter (Publications) Ltd.
LANGUAGEENGLISH
PTS-ACC-NO2274921
PTS-LOAD-IATE: 1994 Week 11
LOAD-DATIMDC: March 23, 1994
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Tour of the American
Academy in Rome
Divider Title:
Tour of the American Academy of Rome
-Briefing
-Scenario
-"Rebuilding Rome", The New Yorker, 6/6/94
-"Steeped in the Art of Learning", Washington Post, 4/22/94
-Bios of Adele Chatfield-Taylor and Caroline Bruzelius
-Meet & Greet List
May 30, 1994
Visit to the American Academy in Rome
DATE:
June 2, 1994
LOCATION: Rome, Italy
TIME:
4:15 pm
FROM:
Nicole Rabner
I.
PURPOSE
To tour the facility of the American Academy in Rome and greet
the American fellows and artists in residence.
II. BACKGROUND
The American Academy in Rome
The American Academy in Rome has become the foremost American
overseas center for independent study and advanced research for
the fine arts and the humanities. At its principal site in Rome,
the Academy operates a fellowship program for American artists
and scholars. This year marks the centennial celebration of the
founding of the Academy.
The Academy is the realized dream of a handful of men who were
inspired by their comradeship in organizing America's
contribution to the fine arts at the Chicago World's Fair in
1893. In 1894, with the support of Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan,
John D. Rockefeller, William K. Vanderbilt, and Henry Clay Frick,
the Academy, then named the American School of Architecture, was
opened.
The facility of the American Academy in Rome today provides
accommodations for its Rome Prize winners, for a number of
distinguished Resident Scholars and Artists, and for qualified
scholars and artists who are visiting Rome. It is geared to
promote growth through informal discussion among the residents.
At any given time the academy resident community is likely to
total 75 people.
The Academy operates through a public/private partnership, with
contributions from individuals, foundations, corporations,
academic institutions, and the NEA and NEH. The Andrew Mellon
Foundation is a major donor to the Academy.
American Academy in Rome Awards Ceremony at the White House
On April 22, 1994, at a White House ceremony in the East Room,
you presented the American Academy in Rome "Prix de Rome" (Rome
Prize) to the twenty 1994 recipients. This is the first year
that this awards ceremony has taken place at the White House.
There, you met Michael Sovern, Adele Chatfield Taylor, and
Caroline Bruzelius, Chairman of the Board, President and Director
of the Academy, respectively.
At the awards presentation, Mr. Sovern presented you with two
commemorative coins designed by Roy Lichtenstein for the
centennial anniversary of the Academy, as well as two baseball
caps (one for you and another for the President) designed and
inscribed by Lichtenstein.
The American Academy in Rome Fellowships
Each year, up to twenty-eight Rome Prize recipients in eighteen
disciplines are selected to live in Rome at the Academy and
pursue their work.
The Rome Prize is given in the following categories:
Architecture, Design Arts, Landscape Architecture, Literature,
Musical Composition, Visual Arts, Classical Studies and
Archeology, History of Art, Post-Classical and Modern Italian
Studies. The fellowships are endowed by the NEA, the NEH,
foundations, and individual contributors.
Former Fellows and Residents of the Academy include Samuel
Barber, Edward Larrabee Barnes, Joseph Brodsky, Elliott Carter,
Ralph Ellison, Michael Graves, Philip Guston, Anthony Hecht,
Oscar Hijuelos, Roy Lichtenstein, Frank Stella, William Styron,
Robert Venturi, and Robert Penn Warren.
American Academy in Rome Facility
Conceived as an Italian palazzo, the American Academy in Rome
facility is the residential and working headquarters for the
Academy's Fellows, Residents, visitors, library users, and
administrative staff. The 130-room building houses exhibition
galleries, lecture rooms, studies, double-height sky-lit studios,
bedrooms, a dining hall, a major research library, and
administrative offices. It was constructed around an arcaded
courtyard with a central fountain. Surrounding the main
building, the McKim, Mead & White Building, there are three
villas.
The site of the Academy is Janiculum Hill, the highest of the two
hills that surround and shape the center of Rome. It lies within
the fortifed walls originally constructed between 272 and 279
AD.
The Academyoperated in various quarters of Rome between 1894 and
1914, but, ith a gift of a villa in 1909 from an American widow
who purchase it at auction, the Academy arrived on the
Janiculum Also in 1909, J. P. Morgan purchased land nearby,
which he donated to the Academy. One of the largest tracts
became Be site of the present Academy building, designed by
McKim,
and
&
White architects.
The American Academy was recently renovated and restored
extensively, both on the interior and the exterior. The
renovation is the largest capital project ever undertaken by the
Academy in its 100 year history.
American Academy in Rome Visit and Tour
Some two hundred and fifty people -- patrons, fans, former
fellows, and residents -- will attend the final events of the
Academy's centennial celebration in Rome, from June 8th - 11th.
Your visit will be viewed as a tribute to the Academy's
centennial and a highlight to their celebration.
While touring the facility of the American Academy in Rome (see
photos), you will meet the following two current Academy fellows
in their studios:
Clifton Peacock, Fellow for Visual Arts, supported by the
Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Jacob H. Lazarus
Fellowship. Mr. Peacock is from Chicago, IL, and was born
in Northbrook, near Park Ridge. With his fellowship, he
plans to work fulltime on painting and to study firsthand
the work of painters, such as Caravaggio, whom he has
admired since he was a student. His paintings have appeared
in galleries across the nation; also, he is a past recipient
of artist grants from the NEA.
Philip Baldwin, Fellow for Design Arts, supported by an NEA
Fellowship for Scenic Design. Mr. Baldwin is originally
from Minneapolis, MN and received his MFA in scenic design
from Yale University. In addition to maintaining a design
practice in New York City, he has been Adjunct faculty
member at Bard College and is presently Assistant Professor
in the Department of Theater at Smith College. With his
fellowship, Mr. Baldwin plans to study the scenic designs of
royal pageants and Baroque court theater and the related
aesthetics of Baroque architecture.
III. PARTICIPANTS
-HRC
-Mrs. Rose Ann Bartholomew
-Adele Chatfield Taylor, President, American Academy in Rome
-Caroline Bruzelius, Director, American Academy in Rome
-Clifton Peacock, Fellow
-Phillip Baldwin, Fellow
-20 fellows and five staff (for meet and greet)
IV. SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
See attached sequence
IV. PRESS PLAN
Open Arrival
Press Pool in Studio
Closed Press for HRC Remarks (tentative)
Open Press Departure
V.
REMARKS
To be provided by Lissa Muscatine.
VISIT OF THE FIRST LADY
TO
ROME, ITALY
JUNE 1-4, 1994
EVENT:
Visit of the First Lady to the American Academy of
Rome
DATE:
Thursday, June 2, 1994
TIME:
4:15 pm
LOCATION:
American Academy of Rome
ATTENDEES:
Mrs. Rose-Anne Bartholomew
Adele Chapman-Taylor, President
Dr. Caroline Bruzelius, Director
Clifton Peacock, Fellow; Phillip Baldwin, Fellow
20 Fellows and five staff [for meet and greet]
PRESS:
Open
SCENARIO:
The First Lady and Mrs. Bartholomew will be
greeted upon arrival by Adele Chapman-Taylor and
Dr. Caroline Bruzelius [open press arrival]. They
proceed to the Gallery to view the exhibit of
American art from private Italian collections
[closed press].
The First Lady, Mrs. Bartholomew, Ms. Chapman-
Taylor and Dr. Bruzelius depart the Gallery,
proceed up the stairs and into the studio of
Clifton Peacock. Clifton Peacock shows the First
Lady his work [open press].
The First Lady, Mrs. Bartholomew, Ms. Chapman-
Taylor and Dr. Bruzelius depart Clifton's studio
and enter the studio of Phillip Baldwin. Phillip
Baldwin shows the First Lady his work [closed
press].
The First Lady, Mrs. Bartholomew, Ms. Chapman-
Taylor and Dr. Bruzelius proceed downstairs and
into the Salone for a meet and greet with 20
Fellows and five staff [closed press].
Program:
Adele Chapman-Taylor and Dr. Bruzelius give brief
remarks and introduce the First Lady. The First
Lady gives brief remarks and works receiving line.
The First Lady departs the Salone and proceeds to
the motorcade for departure.
48
The New Yorker, 6/6/94
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A
DELE CHATFIELD-TAYLOR, an
act as the host at the first of the centen-
BoxNYF4, 110 1st Ave. West, Westhope, ND 58793
architectural conservationist by
nial events. On a recent spring day,
Unique 40-page catalogue $1-Free with order.
vocation and, since 1988, the
as Chatfield-Taylor stood at Mrs. Clin-
president of the American Academy
ton's side in the East Room of the White
in Rome, never has any trouble deciding
House, the First Lady greeted twenty
Completed Sail Models
what to put on in the morning. It's always
Americans who had won the 1994-95
black-black stockings and black suits or
Rome Fellowship, and called the aud-
Classic Yachise Museum Quality
dresses or skirts and blouses, and, of
ience's attention to the fact that, whereas
course, black shoes and coats, with only
in the past fellows "were young, single
the occasional Hermès scarf at her throat
white males," they were now "of all back-
Atlantic
to relieve the darkness. She is forty-nine
grounds and disciplines." Then the presi-
years old, slender, and fairly tall, and for
dent of the Academy came to the dais.
some decades now she has worn her dark,
"I am Adele Chatfield-Taylor"-so
World-Class Craftsmanship
waist-length hair tightly pulled back and
all her speeches begin, in an uncom-
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knotted into a sleek chignon. She has the
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when she lived at home she rode at
can Academy in Rome." She was wear-
least sixteen hours a week.) The jewelry
ing a suit from Emporio Armani-a
of which she is fondest is a pair of bee-
double-breasted one, black, of course,
GOOD
shaped earrings-she has a set in gold
the skirt at just above the knee, a sin-
NATURED
and one in diamond—and a set of
gle gold bee on the left shoulder. "In
smaller, matching pins. On formal oc-
the past decades, our fellows and resi-
It describes our staff,
and the hills and
casions, she sometimes wears just a
dents have included two Nobel Prize
meadows surround-
single bee perched on the décolletage
winners, four Poets Laureate, nine Mac-
ing our Lodge. Two
of her evening dress, where it gleams
Arthur fellows, twenty-four Pulitzer
thousand acres rich
like a weapon.
Prize winners." Her dark-gray eyes were
in Vermont's natural beauty. For the
inquiring guest, we have guided walking
For the past six years, Chatfield-
suitably grave as she surveyed the audi-
tours that identify native plants and
Taylor's dramatic presence, enlivened
ence, which included the recipients of
wildlife. Let us tell you more.
by a steady, cryptic smile, has been an im-
this year's Rome Prizes and members of
portant factor in her success as president
their families; her husband, the play-
Crapp Family Lodge
of the Academy, one of the foremost
wright John Guare, who always looks at
Stowe, Vermont 05672
overseas centers for American artists and
his spouse with an air of euphoric sur-
CALL OR WRITE 1-800-826-7000 (in VT 802-253-8511)
scholars-a blend of Yaddo and Prince-
prise, as if each of her performances ex-
ton's Institute for Advanced Study trans-
ceeded even his expectations; and more
posed to a hill in Rome. Each year, the
than twenty of the Academy's trustees.
CRUISE THE COAST OF MAINE!
Academy houses in its Rome headquar-
Among those present at the White
Cruise comfortably aboard the
83-ft. mini cruise vessel PAULINE (12 passengers).
ters more than seventy artists and schol-
House ceremony were Andrew Heiskell,
Or sail into an adventure aboard the distinguished
Maine windjammer Schooner
ars who have received fellowships and
former chairman of Time Inc.; Michael
STEPHEN TABER (22 passengers).
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residencies, by application or invitation,
Sovern, president emeritus of Columbia
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in such disciplines as urban planning, ar-
University; the architect Michael Graves;
Windjammer Wharf, Box 1050. Rockland, ME 04841
cheology, literature, art history, and mu-
the painter Chuck Close; and the phi-
sical composition.
lanthropists Mercedes Bass and Lily
FESTIVAL
The Academy is currently celebrating
Auchincloss.
its hundredth year, and one of the many
An unfailing display of protocol, a
feats that Chatfield-Taylor has helped
tightly scripted rhetoric of statesman-
Vacationing in Britain?
mastermind for this occasion was to
Interested in culture, history and landscape?
ship-these are the linguistic counterpart
Prefer the freedom of independent travel?
persuade Hillary Rodham Clinton to
of the decorous stylishness with which
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49
Chatfield-Taylor, who herself won a Rome
Rome's highest hill. In addition, he
added after the Second World War. By
Prize in 1983, has jump-started a vener-
bought nearly ten acres of adjacent land
mid-century, too, the Academy's library
able but dormant American institution.
and eight buildings nearby, and commis-
had acquired an extraordinary collection
sioned McKim, Mead & White to de-
of over fifty thousand volumes, mostly in
T
HE American Academy in Rome,
sign a grand central building to serve
classics, archeology, and art history, and
founded in 1894, is one of the
as the Academy's headquarters. There
it was being consulted by scholars from
oldest of twenty-four such institu-
was a sly, vengeful chauvinism in
all over the West. For more than a de-
tions that have been established in the
Morgan's desire to situate the American
cade, largely under the directorship of the
Eternal City over the past three centu-
Academy on the highest of Rome's
art historian Laurance Roberts and his
ries. (The first was the French Academy,
hills: on its pinnacle, it stood about a
wife, Isabel, the Academy was a popular
or Villa Medici, founded in 1666.) The
hundred feet higher than its oldest
center for concerts and lectures, a meet-
inspiration for its founding came from
and most formidable rival, the French
ing place for the Italian intelligentsia and
Charles Follen McKim, whose architec-
Academy. McKim, Mead & White's
for Rome's large community of Ameri-
tural firm, McKim, Mead &
can expatriates-virtually a
White, championed the neo-
second Embassy, and often far
classical style that, in the late
livelier than the official one.
nineteenth century and early
The Academy's list of alumni
twentieth century, changed the
would eventually read like
face of urban America.
a Who's Who of American ar-
Ironically, it was McKim's
tistic talent: it includes the
stalwart sense of propriety that
musicians Roger Sessions,
prompted him to propose the
Howard Hanson, Samuel
founding of an American
Barber, Elliott Carter, and
Academy in Rome. The son of
Aaron Copland; the archi-
prosperous but frugal Quakers,
tects Edward Durell Stone,
he left Harvard after one year
Richard Meier, Louis Kahn,
to study architecture at the
and Robert Venturi; the visual
École des Beaux-Arts in Paris,
artists Frank Stella, Nancy
but he found himself re-
Graves, Roy Lichtenstein, and
pelled by French frivolity and
Elizabeth Murray; the writers
bohemianism; after a trip to
Archibald MacLeish, Ralph
Italy, he came to regard Rome
Ellison, William Styron, Rich-
as the center of civilization. An
ard Wilbur, Mary McCarthy,
academy in Rome, he be-
Donald Barthelme, Joseph
came convinced, could be a
Brodsky, and Oscar Hijuelos.
place where young Americans
Then, in the late sixties,
would "form a correct taste
the Academy began to un-
by daily contact with great ex-
dergo the same crisis of lead-
amples," the better to equip
ership and identity that afflic-
them, after their return to
ted many other academic
America, for "building up the
institutions in that decade of
national standards of taste."
social unrest. Laurance Rob-
To fulfill his dream, Mc-
erts and his wife had left in
Kim went for big game: he se-
1960, after a brilliant tenure
cured the support of J. P.Mor-
Chatfield-Taylor: glamour saves the Academy.
of thirteen years, and the
gan, whose enthusiasm for the
Academy's trustees seemed
project came to equal his own. In its first
creation, a hundred-and-twenty-eight-
unable to fill the gap. Up to then, the
decade, the American Architecture
room Renaissance-palazzo-style struc-
Academy had been run by the director
School in Rome (soon after, it changed
ture built around an arcaded courtyard,
in Rome and, in New York, by the board
its name to the American Academy in
was opened in 1914, and it serves as the
of trustees, which then comprised mostly
Rome, extending its fellowships to paint-
Academy's central building to this day.
artists and scholars. (Bylaws still require
ers, sculptors, and muralists) occupied a
that a third of the board be so consti-
series of increasingly popular-and in-
BY
the nineteen-fifties, some two
tuted.) By the early seventies, the trust-
creasingly cramped-quarters near the
dozen young Americans-women
ees had awakened to the fact that the
Spanish Steps. Morgan played the prin-
had recently begun to appear on the ros-
Academy was in deep financial trouble:
cipal role in its relocation and expansion.
ter-were annually being offered lodg-
the dollar had fallen dramatically, the
He persuaded a wealthy American dowa-
ing, work space, and stipends for two-
Academy's endowment had been poorly
TULLIO PERCOLI
ger to donate to the Academy her superb
year stays in Rome. Fellowships in art
invested, and the capital funds left it
seventeenth-century mansion, the Villa
history, design arts, "post-classical hu-
by Morgan's generation of benefactors
Aurelia, which stood atop the Janiculum,
manistic studies," and literature had been
were being siphoned off for current ex-
50
THE NEW YORKER, JUNE 6, 1994
penses and were dwindling fast. In
books on Caravaggio or Bernini, or to
and Academy trustee Michael Graves
1974, the position of president-which
research scholarly papers on such topics
has whimsically diagnosed her black
soon became a full-time, salaried post,
as "Seventeenth-Century Roman Alle-
uniform as "a popular Derridaesque
whose incumbent ran the Academy
gories of Wisdom" and "Malaria and
academic fad, begun in the nineteen-
from New York City-was established,
Public Health in Ancient Italy." I at-
seventies, which symbolizes the death of
in an effort to strengthen the institu-
tended concerts of Elliott Carter's mu-
the father.")
tion. For the next twelve years, however,
sic commented upon by the composer,
Toward the end of that stay in
five successive presidents of the Amer-
lectures on postmodernist architecture
Rome, I learned about the disinte-
ican Academy struggled, and failed,
by Robert Venturi. The entire semester
grating state of the Academy's build-
to effect any substantial reversal of its
resembled an interdisciplinary graduate-
ings and grounds. The main building,
fortunes.
level crash course in the humanities, for
the fellows in architecture informed
the Academy's small size forces its fel-
me, was deteriorating at an alarming
IN N the winter of 1979-80, my husband,
lows, from numerous fields, to interact
rate, with inadequate funds available
the painter Cleve Gray, and I were
often, at the dinner table or over coffee
for renovation, and a quarter of the
both given residencies at the Academy.
in the salone.
umbrella pines and ilexes in the Villa
Looking back, I understand why Joseph
It was during a brief return visit to
Aurelia's gardens were dying. The
Brodsky describes the institution as "a
the Academy in 1984 that I met Adele
Academy's physical deterioration was
place for the convenience of the blessed,"
Chatfield-Taylor, whose research
compounded by its plummeting image.
as "a shortcut to paradise." Released
project as an Academy fellow was to
"It had become a forlorn, forgotten,
from domestic and academic duties, I
compare American and Italian methods
marginal institution," the poet Gjer-
finished a novel with unprecedented
of preserving ancient monuments. She
trud Schnackenberg, a 1983-84 fellow
ease; spent much time in the glorious
had already acquired a dramatic black
in literature, recalls. In 1988, Adele
wood-panelled library, reading Homer,
wardrobe-at that time restricting her-
Chatfield-Taylor, who was then a pro-
Virgil, Cicero, and other classics I had
self to one designer, Perry Ellis. By
gram director at the National Endow-
overlooked in my education; and gener-
then, several members of the Academy
ment for the Arts, was brought to the
ally steeped myself in Rome's unique
community had developed the game of
Academy's rescue.
palimpsest of cultures.
Adele-watching that is currently full-
Her tenure has been a remark-
The Academy's physical accommo-
blown in New York. What's Adele
able one. In 1992, Chatfield-Taylor
dations were frugal then-the food
about, they asked one another. What se-
officially launched the largest fund-
served in the dining room was barely
crets does she hide beneath that impec-
raising campaign in the Academy's his-
tepid, and the buildings were so skimp-
cable raiment, behind her flirtatious eye-
tory, and in just two years she and her
ily heated that many of us wore socks,
brows, which she often uses with the
board of trustees have raised approxi-
scarves, and mittens to bed-but those
comic overexpressiveness of silent-movie
mately three-quarters of their campaign
drawbacks were easily forgotten in the
stars? What was the nature of her mar-
goal of twenty million dollars. Under
light of its spiritual and intellectual
riage to John Guare, from whom, after
Chatfield-Taylor, the Academy has
riches. I attended "shop talks" by art his-
all, she was separated for almost the en-
been solvent for the first time in recent
torians, classicists, or archeologists who
tire year of her fellowship? How to de-
memory.
had come to the Academy to write
code all that blackness? (The architect
Chatfield-Taylor's ambassadorial
polish-so crucial to
her success as a fund-
raiser-seems effort-
less, perhaps because
she came to it by
birthright. "You can't
begin to understand
Adele if you don't
know the central fea-
ture of what we Vir-
ginians call class," I
was told by the New
York architect Jacque-
lin Robertson, a native
Virginian who traces
his lineage to James
Madison and has been
a friend of Adele's for
many years. "The au-
thority Adele carries,
her ability to maintain
"Ignore him. He just walks that way to bug his parents."
perfect deportment
ONWARD AND UPWARD WITH THE ARTS
5I
even under the most harrowing circum-
"yet another delicious excuse not to
You can't live on
stances, comes from the noblesse oblige,
speak," she recalls. Chatfield-Taylor of-
the self-assurance of one who feels
ten refers to her deep shyness, and so do
dreams. But you
deeply grounded in ancient cultural
all her friends; she was so terrified of
can visit them.
traditions."
speaking in public, she says, that she
went through high school and college
H
ER lineage is indeed as ancient and
without ever once asking a question in
"deeply grounded" as any Amer-
class. Later, she claims, during seminars
ican's can be. Her mother's forebears
at graduate school, she nearly collapsed
came to Virginia in 1609, her father's in
from palpitations and hyperventilation
1610. Adele, the second of six children,
whenever she had to state her name or
enjoyed a deeply tribal, closely bonded
describe the nature of her research.
childhood filled with the traditional
(When I asked how she had managed
rituals of Virginia country gentry-the
to become one of the foundation world's
immense Sunday breakfasts of kidney
most persuasive speakers, she replied,
stew and fried tomatoes, the weekly
"Preparation and experience.")
pomp and circumstance of riding to the
Chatfield-Taylor's lifelong diligence
hounds. She spent many holidays with
may also be linked to the surprising fact
siblings and innumerable cousins in her
that her parents had very little money.
grandmothers' superb country houses—
Like much of the impoverished gentry,
at Cobblers Cove. Where your English-
"six families of grandchildren," she
she is reluctant to address the issue of
style suite overlooks lush tropical gardens,
white beaches and the bluest waters of
wrote in a memoir, "slowly expanding
downward economic mobility. All she
the Caribbean. Our elegantly casual
and circulating through the Christmases
will say on that subject is "Father's
atmosphere and award-winning cuisine
and christenings that punctuated the
career in business did not work out
can only be expected from a member of
the exclusive Relais & Chateaux.
years."
the way he would have hoped." On
Come to Cobblers Cove
What Adele Chatfield-Taylor re-
graduating from Noroton, in 1962, she
and make your dreams come true.
members most fondly about her child-
attended Manhattanville College, an-
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mothers, to both of whom "design was
was paid by her paternal grandmother,
a sort of calling." Her paternal grand-
and throughout her years there she
COBBLERS COVE
mother, Adele Blow Chatfield-Taylor,
worked as a draftsman in an architect's
was an amateur architect interested "in
office in the afternoons to earn pocket
ideas, in dogs and in style." It is to this
money. "She was a student O. great
RECIPIENT OF RELAIS & CHATEAUX'S PRESTIGIOUS
generation that Chatfield-Taylor traces
promise, and her manner is uncl inged
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her vocation in architecture.
from her college days," says Elizabeth
Adele's mother, who was born in
McCormack, an Academy trustee, who
Maryland, belonged to that particularly
chairs the John D. and Catherine T.
rigorous community of believers known
MacArthur Foundation, and who was
as Baltimore Catholics, so when Adele
the academic dean of Manhattanville
TIMBERHIEL
was twelve she followed her older sister
when Adele was an undergraduate.
to what was then considered the
"Adele's stateliness is what I remember,
Ranch
country's strictest Roman Catholic
but she was shy," McCormack says.
boarding school, the Convent of the Sa-
"Very shy, formal, quiet, yet she always
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and later went on to Columbia Univer-
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sity for a master's in historic preserva-
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At Noroton, Adele was extraordinar-
policy and programming. Upon return-
ily diligent in all areas of student life.
ing to the United States from her fel-
After 200 years of practice, bike tours through
She joined the elect Small Choir, which
lowship in Rome, she was called to
France have
forced its members to stay in the con-
Washington, D.C., to be the director of
become
vent throughout the Easter holiday and
the Design Arts Program of the Na-
slightly more
civilized.
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tional Endowment for the Arts. The
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THE NEW YORKER, JUNE 6, 1994
a schoolmate of Adele's at
Noroton, says. "She only pre-
tends she's not." Adele's sister
Katherine reports much the
same thing: "She's always loved
dressing up. Already, when she
was twelve, boys commented on
how beautifully turned out she
was.")
We sit down to a sandwich
lunch by her desk. "Do you go
out every night of the week?" I
ask her.
She raises an eyebrow to ex-
press weariness. Alas, she does,
every night of the week, half
the time without John. There
are all those New York "events."
The benefit evenings for the
Asia Society, the New-York
Historical Society, whatever.
And then all the openings-at
MOMA, the Whitney, the Gug-
genheim. Not to mention all the
indispensable working breakfasts
and lunches. ("Almost every
"Hi! My name is Kevin, and I'll be your doctor today."
morning of the week," Andrew
Heiskell, the chairman of the
Academy's executive committee,
has told me, "Adele phones me
program dispenses grants in all aspects
and a photograph of John Guare's im-
to say that she's met 'someone interest-
of industrial and domestic design—
mense feet flanked by his own two pugs.
ing' at breakfast or lunch or dinner the
"from the spoon to the city," Chatfield-
Chatfield-Taylor spends six days a week
day before, and in her lexicon 'interest-
Taylor explains. It was an ideal job for
at her office, arriving at seven and work-
ing' means only one thing-someone
an aesthete who had long had a lofty
ing a twelve-to-fourteen-hour day.
who can, in some way, even by merely
view of the value of design. (Design is
Today, Adele is wearing an Hermès
talking about the Academy, be of help
a "tool for knitting together a fragment-
suit: a long, bias-cut black skirt and
to it.")
ing culture," she says.) But she held it
a long, fitted black jacket with deep
But if social duties take up her week
for only three years; when she was
back vents-an outfit that needs only
nights, she rigorously protects her week-
offered the presidency of the American
a hard black velvet cap and a riding
ends. Saturday nights she spends alone
Academy in Rome, she found it an in-
crop to complete the picture of a late-
with John. They eat leftovers from the
triguing prospect. It was an institution
nineteenth-century lady rider off to the
catered dishes delivered on weekdays to
to which, during her fellowship there,
foxhunt. As I decipher this particular
her husband, who works at home, and
she had developed an almost mystical
getup, I reflect that most metaphors
they watch videos-as a designated
dedication. "It was like Clinton getting
evoked by the Chatfield-Taylor style
voter for the Oscars, John must watch
his Rhodes scholarship," she has said. "I
revolve around symbols of authority
a lot of movies-or else they watch a
came to think of the Academy as the
and control-champion equestrienne,
beseball game. She's a passionate fan of
only thing that's left of the American
mother superior, suave dominatrix. She
the Yankees and of the Baltimore Ori-
dream."
is loath to discuss her singular ward-
oles. "The Baltimore stadium is a great
robe. "It's not a costume," she says. "It's
design achievement," she says.
ADELE CHATFIELD-TAYLOR'S office is
just a uniform, a matter of saving time-
But her enthusiasm for athletics does
an airy, impersonal space on East
since it's all black, there's not much
not extend to the current fad for exer-
Sixtieth Street, in a wing of the Metro-
choice. I have to dress at 6 A.M. for
cise and health clubs, which she regards
politan Club, which is itself one of
the rest of the day and the evening,
with undisguised horror. "The smells,
McKim, Mead & White's grandiose
and Mother always told me that
the noise, the togetherness, the jumping
designs. Adele works at a large, con-
anything else than black is unthinkable
up and down. Oh! A nightmare!" She
ventional turn-of-the-century desk;
after 5 P.M.". (Her intimates suggest
closes her eyes, leans her head on her
among the personal effects in the room
otherwise: "She's very interested in
folded arms. "The horror of the cos-
are a Peruvian prayer tablet, a stone-
clothes," Ludmila Schwarzenberg, who
tumes, of the looks on their faces! How
ware sculpture of a reclining pug dog,
is on the staff of the Academy and was
could you think I'd ever tolerate it? It's
ONWARD AND UPWARED WITH THE ARTS
53
like all those people woting for Nixon!
forms the hair trick, and that different
Back Relief & Relaxation
It's just a mistake!"
observers have different interpretations
On Sundays, she spends four hours
of the display. "She does it at many
Treat your back to the world's
singing in her church's choir and re-
trustees' meetings," Michael Graves,
most stress-free recliner
hearsing for the following week. A
who sits on the Academy's board, says.
Catholic church? No, she became disil-
"I'd always just assumed that it was
lusioned with Roman Catholicism when
uncomfortable. Doesn't that amount of
"they revamped the liturgy and threw
hair weigh a lot?" Dodie Kazanjian, a
out the Latin and all the other good
writer who is a friend of Adele's from
stuff." Instead, she attends an Episcopal
her Washington days, says, "She'd sud-
church-Calvary Church, on Park Av-
denly pull a pin out and let her hair flow
enue South at Twenty-first Street,
to below the waist in the middle of a
which she chose "because of the quality
national-council meeting at the N.E.A.
Adjusts from vertical to borizontal
of its architecture, its sermons, and its
Then she'd very slowly rewind it. It
in the doctor-recommended 90/90 position...
music."
seemed all very nonchalant, yet there
as used by NASA astronauts.
At the end of one of our meetings,
was no way you could pay attention to
Scandinavian styling and elegant wood
finishes, with leather or fabric.
Adele Chatfield-Taylor did something
anything
else
and then she'd put it
mesmerizing. As she was talking about
right back in place with just a pencil."
FREE color catalog features 36 of our
doctor-recommended products!
the reopening of the Academy, which
Another friend compares Chatfield-
has been closed for a year for renova-
Taylor's cryptic sex appeal to that of
kSaver
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1-800-251-2225
or fax 24 hrs. I 443-9609
tions, she grasped the chignon at her
"those prim librarians in nineteen-forties
53 Jeffrey Avenue, NYDR, Holliston, MA 01746
nape and, pulling out a large tor-
movies who might suddenly let their
toiseshell pin, let a cascade of hair come
hair down and become wild."
tumbling down past her waist. She put
Don't take a
the pin in the corner of her mouth,
Now this, trumpets too, Adele's!" John
"Vacation"
and, with a calm little smile, she
as he ushers me
this year
efficiently reknit her hair into a tidy bun
into his quarters, at Fifth Avenue and
take a Sherpa Tours bicycle trip and have a
as she continued talking: The new di-
Twelfth Street, which are kept from
memorable experience instead! You work hard
rector of the Academy was Caroline
chaos by Adele's instructive, if infre-
all year-you deserve to be pampered, "Sherpa
Bruzelius, recently chairman of Duke's
quent, visits. Together, they have a war-
Tours-Style"! All of our tours feature quaint
inns, gourmet meals, luxury support vehicles
Department of Art and Art History, an
ren of three small apartments that they
and exceptional service. We cater to each
expert on women's monastic spaces in
have acquired over the past twenty years,
person's individual needs to make every trip a
great experience-not just another vacation.
the Middle Ages. The Academy was
cutting an opening in one wall to make
Call today for our 1994 Brochure
going straight from the nineteenth cen-
a communicating door. The living room
SHEKPA
Sherpa Tours
tury into the twenty-first-the card
he ushers me into is a dusty hodgepodge
1-800-543-4417
TOUKS
P.O. Box 1395
catalogue was being comput-
of family memorabilia and
Vail, Colorado
81658
erized and connected to the
childhood keepsakes, con-
Vatican system. Back went the
stantly traversed by John's two
THE TUGBOAT PIN
pin. The show was over. She
loudly snorting black pugs-a
James Breakell's detailed tribute
tc a classic
continued talking, outlining
wonderfully reassuring jumble
workboat. Sterling silver $40.
14k gold
the daunting seven-million-
of toy pianos, Victorian dolls,
$424. Add $3.50 handling.
dollar renovation of the Acad-
baby shoes cast in bronze,
Catalog on request.
800-767-6411.
emy's main building. All exte-
heaps of manuscripts and
2"
rior and interior surfaces had
books, and numerous photo-
been repaired, she said, and pri-
graphs of Adele's ancestors,
Breakell & Co.
vate bathrooms had now been
relatives, and close friends, and
69 Mill St. Dept NYTP Newport, RI 02840
added to all theffellows' rooms.
of Adele and John at various
(Adele had been against the
stages of their childhood and
latter amenities on the ground
youth. Adele's rooms have been
Scandinavian
that "a little frugality is good
under renovation for some
Computer Furniture
for the soul," tibut the trustees
months and are not visitable.
Call for free catalog of our
entire line for PCs & Macs
outvoted her)) electrical, plumbing,
John Guare, a genial, vocal, six-foot-
starting at $299
and heating ssystems had been totally
four man who is as rumpled, public, and
ScanCo
overhauled, and an devator had been
extroverted as Adele is soignée, private,
1-800-722-6263
Redmond,
WA
installed to make the building com-
and formal, has come to be regarded by
pletely accessiblett the handicapped.
the Academy's trustees as an indis-
And everythingwas on schedule for the
pensable asset. "They're like Bill and
For the discriminating
vacationer
official rededication of the Academy, on
Hillary-buy one and you get two for
a commitment to excellence
Kiawah Island
June 10th.
the same price," Chuck Close says.
Rentals and Sales
I later learned that Aele often per-
Guare is indeed as eloquent a spokes-
Pam Harrington Exclusives
803-768-0273
800-845-6966
54
THE NEW YORKER, JUNE 6, 1994
man for the Academy-and for Adele's
graphed pas de deux. "He is my closest
Taylor does not remember it this
role in it-as the institution could hope
friend," Adele says of John. "And
way). The present board-more than
to have. "The notion of an Academy-
doesn't he just get handsomer and
half of whose members were recruited
a place where scholars and artists go to
handsomer every year?" John says,
by Chatfield-Taylor-is, Carter says,
recharge their energies, to inspire each
"When I met Adele, it was as if the At-
"more interested in fixing up the build-
other with diverse insights, and to learn
lantic Ocean had showed up at my
ings and the gardens, and in dancing at
from the historic sites that surround
door."
balls, than in maintaining its level of
them-is a tradition of two thousand
There seem to be only a few over-
scholarship." Other trustees emeriti,
years which must be as carefully pre-
rehearsed lines in their duet of togeth-
who prefer to remain anonymous, ques-
served as Monticello, as Chartres, as any
erness. "Her clothes? It's about not
tion how much substance there is to
great monument in the world," he says.
wasting time," he says. "We met one
the increasingly perceptible Chatfield-
The only child of an Irish Catholic
Sunday in Nantucket and started a con-
Taylor style and describe her as "con-
couple from Queens (Adele was
versation that's still going on," Adele
trolling" and "doctrinaire." Virginia
dropped from the Social Register when
says when asked how she met John.
Dajani, the executive director of the
she married him, which she thinks is
"We met one Sunday in Nantucket and
American Academy of Arts and Letters
"just neat"), John Guare is clearly
started a conversation which we've never
and a friend of nearly twenty years,
dazzled by the "enormous spirit" and
finished," John says when asked how he
concedes that Chatfield-Taylor's shy,
patrician ritualism of Adele's immense
met Adele.
sometimes aloof manner can give the
family. And they respond to him in
impression that she's "an ice princess."
kind. "Do you find Adele formidable?"
A
NYONE who renovates a venerable
But, Dajani says, "I've seen Adele get
I asked Adele's mother, Mrs. Lyon
institution as sweepingly as Adele
tears in her eyes when I've told her
Chatfield-Taylor, whom I met at the
Chatfield-Taylor has renovated the
something sad that's happened to one of
White House reception for the Acad-
American Academy, and in doing so
my children." She adds, "Once you're
emy's centennial. A small, trim woman
acts in such an authoritative personal
locked in as her friend, it's set for life.
with sharp hazel eyes, she answered,
manner, is fated to become contro-
You'd have to do something spectacu-
"Occasionally," speaking with imper-
versial. "It seems to be sadly necessary
larly awful to be estranged from her."
turbable Virginia cool. "John certainly
these days for such institutions to seek
Even Chatfield-Taylor's critics can-
does," she added, brightening up.
very glamorous trustees in order to sur-
not deny that she has become an un-
Adele Chatfield-Taylor and John
vive," says Elliott Carter, whose associa-
commonly successful fund-raiser. The
Guare seem to have deep admiration
tion with the Academy dates back to
Kresge Foundation has given the Acad-
and affection for each other, and can ex-
1953, and who was "kicked off its trust-
emy a million-dollar challenge grant for
ecute a skillful, beautifully choreo-
ees' board," as he puts it (Chatfield-
capital costs. The Andrew Mellon
Foundation-a long-
time benefactor of the
Academy-has come
up with a new million-
and-a-half-dollar chal-
lenge grant to support
fellowship programs
into the twenty-first
century. The grants
offered to the Academy
by the N.E.A. and the
National Endowment
for the Humanities
since Adele's tenure at
the Academy began
come close to a million
dollars-an unparal-
leled sum from those
sources. An annual
five-hundred-dollar-
a-plate fund-raising
dinner held in New
York in early May-
featuring such speakers
as Donna Hanover
245655AR
Giuliani, Philip John-
son, and Michael Eis-
"Did you call someone to come test for margarine residue in the refrigerator?"
ner-drew an unprec-
ONWARD AND UPWARD WITH THE ARTS
55
SAVE UP TO 25%
edented crowd of four hundred and
Academy's contribution to American
twenty, and grossed four hundred and
culture. "Social ills will be with us until
Take A Few
eighty-five thousand dollars. "With
the end of time," says William Hood,
Minutes To
Adele, we finally have visibility" is a
who was an Academy fellow in the sev-
Acquire
comment often heard these days from
enties and is now a professor of art his-
Years Of
Academy trustees.
tory at Oberlin. "And cultural institu-
Wine-Buying
Chatfield-Taylor's suave, media-wise
tions such as the Academy are in
Knowledge.
manner has enabled her not only to
particular need of support throughout
plump up her board of trustees with
D
ecades of wine-buying knowledge and
our worst periods of social ills, because
experience can be yours when you acquire
New York's rich and beautiful but also,
only artists can find a meaning in these
the Geerlings & Wade Personal Wine Service
You'll enjoy a broad selection of superb wines -
for the first time, to recruit prominent
social ills, because only art makes sense
everything from Bordeaux Grand Cru to California
foreigners, like Alberto de Benedictis, of
out of chaos."
Chardonnay and avoid trial-and-error wine-buy-
the engineering and manufacturing
Some two hundred and fifty peo-
ing When you call. our knowledgeable customer
service representatives will be available to guide you.
group Finmeccanica, and Marella
patrons, fans, former fellows and
And you'll receive discounts of up to 25%. with
Agnelli, of the Fiat family, who is one
residents-have signed up to attend
free delivery* to your home or office
of the underwriters of the
the final events of the
To learn more about our
festivities that will cel-
Academy's centennial
Personal Wine Service, call
1-800-782-9463, ask for Ext. 712
ebrate this month's re-
celebration in Rome,
or fax/mail the coupon below.
opening of the Academy.
from June 8th to 11th,
And while some lament
There will be a broad
YES, please send me free information
on your Personal Wine Service
that Chatfield-Taylor's
spectrum of festivi-
Preferred price range:
administration has been
ties, which Chatfield-
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$8-$12 per bottle
too centered on "glamour and politics,"
Taylor sees as "somewhat like an Amer-
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the newer trustees are quick to point out
ican country fair." Academy alumni
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that it was through black-tie glamour
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SERVICE
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that the American Academy in Rome
try's foremost archeologists, classicists,
Name
was founded in the first place.
musicians, and art historians will lead
Address
"Whom do you think McKim turned
trips to Etruscan excavations and other
City
State
Zip
to in order to fulfill his vision of found-
ancient sites, give lectures, perform in
Telephone
Void where probibited Free delivery not divailable in Massa husetts
ing an Academy in Rome?" says
concerts, guide tours through the Sis-
Michael Sovern, who as president of
tine Chapel and the newly restored
Columbia raised 3 sum unprecedented
Raphael rooms in the Vatican. There
in the history of the university-more
will be speeches at the Campidoglio
Wear A Piece
than a billion dollars. "He recruited the
by the mayor of Rome and other Ital-
Of Baseball History
most glittering Maecenas in the coun-
ian dignitaries. There will be a dedi-
try-J. P. Morgan. Our fund-raising
cation of the Villa Aurelia's newly re-
The Negro National League's New York
Black Yankees played in The House
strategies are not straying from tradi-
stored garden, to be called the Bass
That Ruth Built in the 1930's and
tion. On the contrary, we've returned to
Garden, after Mercedes and Sid Bass,
1940's. Jerseys. jackets. and caps
the roots of our initial support."
NY
from the Black Yankees and
who are the major underwriters of
over 100 other historic Minor,
In defending Chatfield-Taylor's tac-
the restoration. And there will be a
Negro. and Latin American
teams are lovingly re-
tics, other trustees emphasize the diffi-
dedication ball at the Academy, at
created in exacting detail
culties peculiar to championing the
which, one has every reason to believe,
and available through our
64-page Historic Baseball
American Academy in Rome. "It's as
Adele, wearing one gold bee on the
Apparel catalog.
tough a cause as I've ever had to deal
décolletage of her evening dress, will
Call 1-800-377-9777.
with," Andrew Heiskell, a veteran fund-
stand regally erect at the head of the re-
Ebbets Field Flannels
raiser, says. "The biggest difficulty is
ceiving line, remembering the names of
P.O. Box 19865. Seattle, WA 98109
that in today's climate the Academy
all three hundred guests and making a
might be seen as itst: we're compet-
gracious comment to each one.
ing with AIDS, with the homeless, with
"Those costumes of Adele's-the
GALAPAGOS
the great immediacy of those causes,
Spartan blackness enlivened by the
You, 9 other adventurers and our licensed natural-
ist will sail by yacht to explore more islands than
and here we are just taking twenty or
glittering bee-offer a very puzzling
any other Galápagos expedition. 60 trip dates.
thirty people every year to the top of the
code," Michael Putnam, an Academy
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Janiculum. But, as McKim wisely saw it,
trustee and an eminent Virgil scholar at
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maximum opportunity to develop their
diligence, and creativity, a proto-Muse,
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FRIDAY, APRIL 22. 1994
THE WASHINGTON POST
Steeped in the
Art of Learning
American Academy in Rome
Celebrates Centennial Here
By Sarah Booth Conroy
Washington Post Staff Writer
Since 1664 when Louis XIV of France decided to
improve his painters by sending them to study at
the Villa Medici in Italy, the Prix de Rome has been
the golden apple of the arts. Centuries later, the
prize is the same, but the winners come from 24
different countries.
This week in Washington, the American Acade-
my in Rome celebrates its centennial with dinners at
From left, Caroline Brulezius, director of the American Academy in Rome, Hillary Rodham Clinton and
Adele Chatfield-Taylor at the Prix de Rome Awards ceremony.
the Library of Congress, the National Gallery of Art,
the Italian ambassador's residence, Villa Fi-
[pediatrician Harriet McGurk] learned how to make
Rome's highest point, Janiculum Hill, an ancient sit
penne alla vodka."
of power and knowledge. The residents are ther
sterday afternoon at the White House, Hillary
Douglas Lewis, on his way to the Orioles game,
m Clinton presented the Prix de Rome
not only to do their own work, but to serve a
paused long enough to say his three years (1964-67)
to this year's 20 fellows, the artists and
oracles, gurus to the fellows, mid-career scholar
as a fellow decidedly set his life on course. Lewis is
classical scholars who will spend a year's study at
and artists looking for the way.
the National Gallery's curator of sculpture and deco-
the academy.
Two Nobel Prize winners have been resident.
rative arts. At the academy "you are surrounded with
In the past, she said, "the fellows were young
writer Nadine Gordimer and former poet laureat
brilliant people, of many disciplines," be said. "You see
single white males studying the classics. Now they
Joseph Brodsky. Among the past fellows are Puli
them at breakfast. lunch and supper, and on tours of
are of all backgrounds and disciplines." Actually nine
zer Prize-winning composer Samuel Barber an
the country. The director gives receptions for impor-
are women, 11 are men, one African American and
novelist William Styron, and Pritzker Prize-winnin
tant visitors. And that's how I met Johnny Walker
one Asian American. Mrs. Clinton urged the fellows
[then director of the National Gallery of Art], who'd
architect Robert Venturi. Seven residents and fe
to be refreshed and to return inspired.
lows have won the National Medal of Arts.
just persuaded Congress to establish a new curator-
The First Lady accepted two centennial medals
ship. He hired me.
The Prix de Rome, awarded by a jury of peers t
(one gold, one bronze) and two baseball caps,
"People think it's stuffy or old-fashioned. But it
their choice from 1,000 or so applicants, consists C
inscribed with the academy's insigna (designed by
isn't. Those who come are on the cutting edge. We
a modest stipend-from $5,800 to less tha
artist Roy Lichtenstein), for herself and President
study classic art at the fountain, we immerse
$17,000-plus lodgings, studies and studios on th
Clinton, presented by Michael Sovern, chairman of
ourselves in the art of Greece and Rome."
11-acTe campus. The lodgings, though elite, elabo
the academy's trustees.
"The Prix de Rome is the ultimate endorsement,"
rate and elegant, are not indulgent. For years
After shaking hands with Mrs. C., the winners,
William Adair said by phone, continuing to gild a
residents and fellows have talked about wearin
family and friends went into the State Dining Room.
picture frame. The conservator of gilded objects,
scarves and mittens to bed to keep warm, an
Artist Frank Stella, a veteran taster at White House
framemaker and owner of Gold Leaf Studios in
bemoaning the academy's food amidst Italy's plenty
receptions, said: "This is the best food I ever had in
Washington said his 1991-92 fellowship was "won-
Suffering for one's art will not be so necessar
his house. I'm glad they got the new chef." A staff
derful because the academy opens doors, makes
now. At last something is being done about the food
member added, "It's all American."
introductions, so I had access to the Vatican and
"The stove was actually down to one burner." sai
More than 1,300 fellowships have been awarded
other libraries. I am working now to set up the
Adele Chatfield-Taylor, president of the academ
by the academy-to scholars or artists in 20
International Institute for Frame Study, and develop
and a former fellow. Lidia Bastianich, owner 0
lisciplines, from archeology to urban planning, from
a universal nomenclature for frames."
Feldia and Becco in New York, has adopted th
in history to music composition.
Washington architectural writer and editor An-
academy, saying food should be part of the experi
On this hundredth birthday, the best question for
drea Oppenheimer Dean said: The Rome prix
ence. She redesigned the kitchen and a donor had
he alumni was: How was your life changed by being
determined that I stayed in the field of architecture.
built.
"low or distinguished scholar/artist resident of
In the six months that I was a mid-career fellow,
Chatfield-Taylor is in town for the first of three
erican Academy?
1979-1980, I wrote a book, 'Bruno Zevi on Modern
city celebrations-the other two are in New York
e to go to Rome," said Stella, a resident
Architecture,' and made a friend for life. The
and Rome. She said the academy's principal build
imes in the 1980s. "I began to lecture and
academy puts together architects, landscape archi-
ing-128 rooms, designed by McKim, Mead and
says. I learned not to be so afraid of
tects, painters, sculptors, writers, historians, classi-
White-will be reopened in ceremonies June 10
ges. In Rome, as the young say, art is in your
cists in an intimate situation."
after being closed for a year during its $6 millio
ace. I came face to face with the art of the past-as
Fellows and some half-dozen residents come to
vell as the art of my own past. Oh yes, my wife
restoration. "Finished on time, under budget," shx
stay in for varying terms, at the academy, atop
said.
05/29/94 22:54
212 751 7220
AMER ACADEMY RM
1
002/005
ACADEMY
-
7.
A E N
ADELE CHATFIELD-TAYLOR
R
0
PRESIDENT
OF THE ACADEMY
M
E
1 X 9 4 . 1 9 9 4
-
Adele Chatfield-Taylor, formerly Director of Design Programs at the National Endowment
for the Arts, officially became President of the American Academy in Rome on December
1, 1988. She herself is a Fellow of the Academy, having won the Rome Prize in Design
Arts in 1983-84.
"Having been a Fellow" she says, "is an invaluable experience before going into the
presidency of the Academy, because I know first-hand why winning the Rome Prize is the
best thing that can happen to anybody. To have the option to see the classical world in
this unique way; to have time for your own professional development; to have a chance
to work with other artists; to rediscover that there are certain parallels in the way we all
work, no matter how different we are; to feel connected somehow to a continuity in time,
to the arts across time - is an indescribably valuable experience. And once you've had it,
you realize that it is a miracle that the Academy was founded, and even more of a miracle
that it is still here."
Before going to the Endowment, Ms. Chatfield-Taylor, a Virginian, lived and worked in
New York City as a professional historic preservationist. She is a writer and was Adjunct
Assistant Professor of Architecture at Columbia University in the Graduate School of
Architecture and Planning from 1976-1984.
In 1968, she was a founder of Urban Deadline Architects. In 1973, she joined the staff of
the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission where she served in various
capacities until 1980-84, when she established and became Executive Director of the New
York Landmarks Preservation Foundation.
She was Vice-Chairman of the Policy Panel for the Design Arts Program of the National
Endowment from 1978-82 and before becoming Director. She has been a member of the
Board of Directors of Preservation Action, the National Alliance of Preservation
Commissions, the US/International Council on Monuments and Sites, and the Center for
Building Conservation; she is presently a Trustee of the Tiber Island History Museum, the
International Design Conference at Aspen, the Jeffersonian Restoration Advisory Board,
and the National Building Museum. She is also a member of the Commission of Fine Arts
in Washington, D.C.
- over -
AMERICAN- A C A D M IN ROME
7 EAST 60 STREET NEW YORK NY 10022 - 1001
TELEPHONE 212 751 7200 FAX 212 751 7220
00:77
T212 751 7220
AMER ACADEMY RM
003/005
Ms. Chatfield-Taylor received an M.S. from the Graduate School of Architecture and
Planning at Columbia University. In 1978-79, she was a Loeb Fellow at the Harvard
Graduate School of Design. In 1982-83, she was an Architectural Fellow of the EFL in New
York She had a Rome Prize from the American Academy in Rome from 1983-84. She is
a Fellow of the New York Institute for the Humanitics.
Ms. Chatfield-Taylor has been a member of various professional U.S. delegations to
Germany and the People's Republic of China. She frequently lectures on historic
preservation, design review, cities, and design.
AMER ACADEMY RM
004/005
ACADEMY
-
N
CAROLINE A. BRUZELIUS
R
o
DIRECTOR
A E R
OF THE ACADEMY
M
E
1 8 9 4 - 1994
.
Caroline Bruzelius was born in Stockholm, Sweden, and is an American citizen. She spent
most of her early life in Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, and, as a result of a very peripatetic
childhood, her education took place in Portuguese, Spanish and English (both British and
American) schools. Her family moved to Connecticut shortly before she started college,
and she finished her high school education there.
A graduate of Wellesley College in 1971, she received her Ph.D. in the History of Art from
Yale University in 1977, with a specialty in French Gothic architecture. Her first teaching
position was as Assistant Professor at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In 1981
Prof. Bruzelius accepted a position at Duke University. She has been chair of the
Department of Art and Art History since 1989.
Caroline Bruzelius has been interested in the South Italian buildings of the French kings
of Naples since a chance encounter with the subject in 1975. At that time, however, she
was committed to a dissertation on French Gothic architecture, so she put the Italian
interest on hold for a decade. In 1985 she won the Rome Prize and began her work on the
Neapolitan project. Four years later, she was back at the American Academy as a Resident
in Art History.
Her first book on thirteenth-century Cistercian architecture in France was published in
1979, and has recently come out in a French edition. Prof. Bruzelius then began a book
on the Uniteenth century reconstruction of St.-Denis. That project was supported by a
fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities (1979-1980) and an Andrew
W. Mellon Fellowship at Harvard University (1980-1981). St.-Denis was published by Yale
University Press in 1985. While intermittently in France between 1981 and 1986, she also
completed a major research project on the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, taking
advantage of the scaffolding that had been erected for the cleaning of the interior to
examine the masonry and architectural details up the height of the walls - places that are
accessible only to the occasional pigeons who were sometime trapped inside the church.
Caroline Bruzelius' Italian project is a large one. She is working on all the surviving
churches build between 1270 and 1350 in what was once the Kingdom of Sicily. This
kingdom stretched from Teramo in the Abruzzi through Puglia and Calabria. Part of the
project entailed a photographic survey of the monuments, work funded through the
A MERICAN A C A D M Y I N ROME
7 EAST 60 STREET-NEW YORK NY 10022 - 1001
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generosity of the Getty Photographic Archive and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. Prof.
Bruzelius is also working on the problems of convent architecture and church spaces
designed for enclosed women. She hopes to expand the project on nuns and convents into
a book (working title: Nuns in Space), but the enterprise will need to start with a systematic
survey of plans and photographs so that the raw materials, until now almost entirely
unpublished, will be available for research by other scholars.
Caroline Bruzelius has been granted a five-year leave of absence from Duke University,
and began her responsibilities on January 1, 1994. She is the twenty-first Director since the
Academy's founding in 1894 and the second woman to hold the position.
She has a son, Anders, who was born in Rome in April 1986, while married to Classicist
Robert Wallace.
AMERICAN ACADEMY IN ROME
Meet and Greet List
Adele Chatfield-Taylor (President)
Caroline A. Bruzelius (Director)
Fellows
Phillip R. Baldwin
Thomas Bolt
Gregory S. Bucher
Carmen Bambach Cappel
Christopher S. Celenza
Brian A. Curran
Sebastian K. Currier
Margaret Holben Ellis
Guy M. Hedreen
Gary R. Hilderbrand
Sanda D. Iliescu
Kristin Jones
Andrew Ginzel
Susan V. Nicassio
Cliffton S. Peacock
Ellen Perry
Bettina A. Raphael
Carol Rusche
Katherine Welch
Trustees
Marella Agnelli (Wife of Sen. Giovanni Agnelli; AAR Centennial Committee Co-Chairman)
Alberto De Benedictis
Elaine Gazda
Emeline Richardson
Members of the Italian Advisory Committee
Ilaria Berlotti
Susanna Agnelli (Chairman)
AAR Staff
Malcolm Bell, III (Professor in charge of the School of Classical Studies)
Martha Boyden (Arts Liaison)
Antonella Bucci (Associate Librarian)
Christina Huemer (Librarian)
Ulderico Imperatori (Director of Finance)
Pina Pasquantonio (Assistant Director)
Richard Trythall (Music Liaison)
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Tour of the Capitoline
Museum
Divider Title:
Tour of the Capitoline Museum
-Briefing
-Scenario
-Bio on Mrs. Berlusconi
-Bio on Mrs. Rutelli
May 31, 1994
TOUR OF THE CAPITOLINE MUSEUM
DATE:
Thursday, June 2
TIME:
5:10 pm
LOCATION:
Capitoline Hill
Rome, Italy
FROM:
Liz Bowyer
I.
PURPOSE
To tour the Capitoline Museum (if time permits) with Veronica Berlusconi and Barbara
Palombelli Rutelli before the President arrives at Capitoline Hill.
II.
BACKGROUND
The Capitoline Hill
The city capitol sits on the smallest, but most famous of Rome's seven hills. In the Middle
Ages the area was known as the "Goat Hill," and goats grazed among the ruins. In 1536,
nine years after Charles V had pillaged the city, Pope Paul III decided Rome should be
restored to its former elegance. He commissioned Michelangelo to draw up plans for the
Capitol. The design was executed over the next hundred years and went through several
alterations.
The Capitoline square is lined by three buildings: the Conservator's Palace and the New
Palace which house the Capitoline Museum, and the Senatorial Palace which serves as City
Hall. On your brief tour, you will see three works of art housed in the Capitoline Museum:
The She Wolf
This statue is an Etruscan bronze dating from the sixth century B.C. The She Wolf is the
emblem of Rome, and she is depicted here with the brothers Romulus and Remus. The
figures of the boys were added to the statue in 1510 by Antonio del Pollaiuolo. A legend
tells that in 65 B.C., the wolf stood on the Capitol and was struck by lightening -- the scars
can be seen on the rear paws.
The Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
Transferred from another square in 1538 and restored by Michelangelo, this statue of Marcus
Aurelius has been taken off its central pedestal and moved to its own climate-controlled room.
Cast in bronze and then gilded, it survived intact because it was thought to represent
Constantine, the first Christian Emperor. Legend has it that when the last of the gilding
disappears from the statue, Rome will fall.
The Esquiline Venus
This is a statue of a young girl attending to her hair (a fragment of her hand can be seen in
her hair.) The work is attributed to the school of Paxiteles (1 B.C.), a Greek sculptor from
southern Italy who produced imitations of Greek works from the Classical era.
III. PARTICIPANTS
HRC
Veronica Berlusconi, wife of Prime Minister Berlusconi
Mrs. Barbara Palombelli Rutelli, wife of Mayor Rutelli
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
* See attached scenario
V.
PRESS
Tour: Closed press.
VI. REMARKS
No remarks needed.
VISIT OF THE FIRST LADY
TO
ROME, ITALY
JUNE 1-4, 1994
EVENT:
Visit of the First Lady to Capitoline Hill
DATE:
Thursday, June 2, 1994
TIME:
5:10 pm
LOCATION:
Capitoline Hill
ATTENDEES:
Mrs. Rose-Anne Bartholomew
Mrs. Veronica Berlusconi
Mrs. Palombelli-Rutelli
Others TBD
PRESS:
Closed Arrival
Pool Press Inside
SCENARIO:
The First Lady and Mrs. Bartholomew will meet with
Mrs. Berlusconi and Mrs. Rutelli and others and
proceed for a five, ten or fifteen minute tour
[whatever time permits] of the museum. At the end
of the tour, the First Lady and Mrs. Bartholomew
will proceed to the Julius Caesar Room [optional
hold en route]. They will move through the Julius
Caesar Room [pool press] to the Sala Rossa [Red
Room] where they will meet the President, the
Prime Minister and the Mayor. The President and
First Lady will sign the guest book in the Sala
Rossa and thereafter proceed to the Sala Bandiere
[Flag Room] where they will meet the Guinta [top
city officials].
The President and First lady will proceed back
into the Julius Caesar Room and where the
President will be presented with the symbol of the
City of Rome and the First Lady will receive a
picture book of Rome.
The President and First Lady, Prime Minister &
Mrs. Berlusconi and the Mayor and Mrs. Rutelli
will all then depart the Julius Caesar Room and
proceed down the outside steps to the stage area
below. After the remarks by the Mayor, the
President and the Prime Minister, all six
principals will exit the stage and work a rope
line. The President and First Lady will then
proceed to the POTUS motorcade and depart.
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DOCUMENT NO.
SUBJECT/TITLE
DATE
RESTRICTION
AND TYPE
002. report
U.S. government report (1 page)
05/12/1994
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer
OA/Box Number: 15623
FOLDER TITLE:
BB [Briefing Book] Europe 1994 [binder] [1]
2013-0534-S
ry1728
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
Copyright 1994 Associated Newspapers Ltd.
Daily Mail
March 30, 1994
SECTION: Pg. 12
LENGTH: 587 words
HEADLINE: Topless actress who lives for 'my lives knight'; THE WIFE
BODY:
VERONICA Berlusconi, a former actress who appeared topless on television,i is ready to
become Italy's First Lady.
At 37 she is 20 years younger than her husband and calls him 'my knight' She was an
actress when Berlusconi saw one of her films in the 1980s, rushed to the studio and
proposed.
'I was as happy as a lark,' she says. 'I gave up everything for Silvio andhe's my life. But I
do not want to become an insignificant stereotype of a wife, always accepting his decisions.
'I understand the pressures of his work and I do not call him asking whencan I expect him
home.'
The couple's children Barbara, ten, Eleanora, eight, and Luigi, six, aretheir pride and joy,
but are subject to the sort of old-fashioned discipline Berlusconi promises his country.
Although their father owns most of Italy's TV, the children are allowed towatch
programmes only on Sunday.
His wife admits to being a strict mother and said: 'I won't allow a nannynear them. They
have to have me. They are allowed TV only on Sundays and when Daddy is with them.
'We rise at 6.15 and I drive our children to their Milan school. They comehome for lunch.'
The youngsters play freely with goats, lambs and other animals in thepark-like garden of
their villa, and enjoy holidays at homes in St Moritz and Sardinia.
They and their mother are said to get on well with Berlusconi's daughterand son from his
first marriage, Carla, 26, and Piersilvio, 25.
At college Veronica (full name Miriam Veronica Bartolini) studied Proustbefore appearing
topless in the TV film The Magnificent Cuckold. Then followed a horror movie Twilight, in
which she played a wife who discovers she is lesbian.
Barbara Palombelli Rutelli
Wife of Rome Mayor Francesco Rutelli, and a successful journalist for the national
daily La Republican. She has also worked for the other leading daily, Corriere della
Serra. In 1991, she was one of three women journalists to receive the Knight Order
of the Italian Republic from then President Francesco Cossiga. She has one son.
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Visit with
Elizabeth Major
Divider Title:
Visit with Elizabeth Major
-Briefing
-Scenario
-NSC bio
-British Cultural Customs
-Women in British Society
-Child Welfare in Britain
-The British Health Care System
MEETING WITH MRS. MAJOR
BACKGROUND
You and the President will have a social lunch with Prime
Minister Major and Mrs. Major (Norma) at their official country
residence, Chequers. Following lunch, the President and the
Prime Minister will have a meeting and you will meet with Mrs.
Major for approximately thirty minutes.
Setting: Chequers is the official country residence of the Prime
Minister. Situated in the Chiltern Hills about 40 miles from
central London, the estate contains 1, 000 acres of farms and
woodland. Lord Lee of Fareham presented the estate to the
British government in 1917. the house was originally constructed
in 1565. Points of interest include the Elizabethan-style walled
garden and the beech-lined main drive (a gift of Sir Winston
Churchill). A recent addition is a covered, heated swimming
pool, which was the gift of the American philanthropist Walter
Annenberg while he was serving as U.S. Ambassador.
Issues: Mrs. Major is active in promotion of mental health
issues and is also an active participant in the British "Meals on
Wheels" program for the elderly. The United Kingdom has the
largest percentage of people 60 and over (20%) of any country in
the European Union. Pensioners account for 41% of all
expenditures on health care and 44% of all prescriptions. She
will be interested in the President's health care agenda and your
work on that issue. As time permits, you might draw her out on
the overall British Health care system -- it offers comprehensive
service on a cost free basis to all UK residents.
Mrs. Major's diverse background (she has been a dressmaker, a
nanny and has also written a book about opera diva Joan
Sutherland) make her an unusual "first lady". You may find it
interesting to compare your respective roles as first ladies.
CORE POINTS
Health Care
The United Kingdom has the largest percentage of people 60
and over in the European Union. How will this change the
shape and scope of services to the elderly in future?
Understand you are active in the "Meals on Wheels" program.
How much of the needy population can you reach?
Britian has had more than 50 years of experience with the
National Health Service (NHS) -- universal, comprehensive
service on a cost free basis. Are most residents satisfied?
Are there complaints about long waits to see doctors? Any
restrictions on facilities that may be used?
Your country spends considerably less than the average to
provide such coverage (6.5% of GDP). How have you managed
to keep costs at such a reasonable level?
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DOCUMENT NO.
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AND TYPE
003. report
U.S. government report (1 page)
05/12/1994
P1/b(1)
COLLECTION:
Clinton Presidential Records
First Lady's Office
Melanne Verveer
OA/Box Number: 15623
FOLDER TITLE:
BB [Briefing Book] Europe 1994 [binder] [1]
2013-0534-S
ry1728
RESTRICTION CODES
Presidential Records Act - [44 U.S.C. 2204(a)]
Freedom of Information Act - [5 U.S.C. 552(b)]
P1 National Security Classified Information [(a)(1) of the PRA]
b(1) National security classified information [(b)(1) of the FOIA]
P2 Relating to the appointment to Federal office [(a)(2) of the PRA]
b(2) Release would disclose internal personnel rules and practices of
P3 Release would violate a Federal statute [(a)(3) of the PRA]
an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIA]
P4 Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or
b(3) Release would violate a Federal statute [(b)(3) of the FOIA]
financial information [(a)(4) of the PRA]
b(4) Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential or financial
P5 Release would disclose confidential advice between the President
information [(b)(4) of the FOIA]
and his advisors, or between such advisors [a)(5) of the PRA]
b(6) Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
P6 Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of
personal privacy [(b)(6) of the FOIA]
personal privacy [(a)(6) of the PRA]
b(7) Release would disclose information compiled for law enforcement
purposes [(b)(7) of the FOIA]
C. Closed in accordance with restrictions contained in donor's deed
b(8) Release would disclose information concerning the regulation of
of gift.
financial institutions [(b)(8) of the FOIA]
PRM. Personal record misfile defined in accordance with 44 U.S.C.
b(9) Release would disclose geological or geophysical information
2201(3).
concerning wells [(b)(9) of the FOIA]
RR. Document will be reviewed upon request.
BRITISH CULTURAL CUSTOMS
Two nations divided by a common language -- we really have less
in common with the British than we think. Britain may be the
mother country and the source of our political traditions,
language, and legal framework; and modern American cultural
influences are ever more evident in the UK in the way people
dress and speak, and what they see and read. But, at the end of
the day, the differences between us have a way of bedeviling
social relations at the most unexpected times.
British reserve is one of the more salient contrasts with our own
society. The British traditionally place a premium on
politeness, on privacy, and on keeping one's thoughts, emotions,
and hands to oneself. Britons do not expect to shake hands after
a first meeting, kiss on the cheek less frequently than
Washingtonians, and never ask questions about income and family
of anyone but the closest friends. British politeness should not
be mistaken for friendship. The British frown on emotional
displays, ostentation, and self-promotion. At its best, British
reserve allows for a greater degree of social tolerance of
eccentricity, and greater respect of privacy, than in the U.S.;
at its worst, it sanctions hypocrisy, demeans success, and
humiliates outsiders not familiar with the rules of the game.
The lingering influence of the British class system also sets the
country apart. A (class-based) accent can identify a person as
clearly as a home town. Social mobility has increased
dramatically but still lags behind the U.S. On the other hand,
there is an easy grace and unfussy informality in the upper ranks
of British society. And Britain, in part because of its record
of more than three centuries of stability, wears its many social
and political traditions with greater assuredness than other
countries.
The British place a higher value on formal speaking and debate
than we do; this is a remarkably articulate society. Verbal
dexterity can mask a lack of in-depth knowledge. Wit (including
understated but cruel put-downs) is an inevitable element of
conversation. Understated humor adds spice to the blend.
England has undergone fundamental transformations. Britain,
under the revolutionary impact of Margaret Thatcher, led the
worldwide revolt against the excesses of the welfare state and
hidebound economics, and in the process eroded Britain's class
distinctions, pushed a number of British industries to the
cutting edge, and transformed local attitudes towards wealth.
Tradition and modernity mix easily in today's Britain, a comment
which could not have been made circa 1970.
WOMEN IN BRITISH SOCIETY
Britain's head of state is a woman and until 1991 Britain had a
female head of government. So it is perhaps surprising that the
position of women in British society in many ways lags behind
that of women in the U.S. But the situation is improving.
One of the problems has been education. Legal and structural
barriers to educational equality were removed by the Sex
Discrimination Act of 1975 and other measures. The overwhelming
majority of state secondary schools are now of mixed sex. There
is also a growing trend in the private sector, where many of the
ruling elite traditionally were educated, toward mixed-sex
education. In higher education, previously all-male Oxford and
Cambridge colleges admit women. Women comprised 45 percent of
higher education enrollment in 1987-88, compared with 40 per cent
in 1979.
Another problem has been limited career prospects. As in the
U.S., there is still a scarcity of women in top management
positions and in certain professions. Although women make up
over two-fifths of the British workforce, only four per cent of
middle and senior managers are women.
Women are seriously under-represented in many professions: for
example, only one per cent of engineers, three per cent of
surgeons, six per cent of surveyors, eight per cent of architects
and ten per cent of chartered accountants are women. While
nearly half of civil servants are women, only six per cent of
senior posts are occupied by women. At the BBC, over two-fifths
of the work-force is female, but only a tenth of senior managers
and less than one-fifth of middle managers are women. Women also
remain poorly represented in the ranks of the judiciary. In
1989, there was one woman Lord Justice out of 27, one High Court
judge out of 81, 17 circuit judges out of 434, 8 stipendiary
magistrates out of 64, and 7 county court registrars out of 222.
Of the 650 members of the House of Commons, 60 are women, one of
the lowest proportions of any national parliament in Western
Europe (but not lower than in the U.S.). However, both the
Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats have a policy of
compulsory female representation on shortlists of parliamentary
candidates. "Emily's List UK" has also been established to push
for more female Labour Party seats, and Labour Mps are required
to vote for at least four women candidates to fill the eighteen
available places in the "shadow cabinet".
Women are active in the trade union movement, making up about a
third of total membership. In many unions a disproportionately
low number of women is to be found among executive council
members, full-time officials, and delegates to the Trades Union
Congress. Several unions have sought to correct this, including
2
through the operation of quotas for the number of women serving
on decision-making committees.
Although the Equal Pay Act of 1970 (which came into force in
1975) was intended to correct the difference between men's and
women's earnings, there is still a gap in earning power. In
1991, women's average hourly earnings were 78 per cent of men's,
mainly because women tend to work in lower-paid sectors of the
economy. In April 1992, the Department of Employment assumed
responsibility for coordinating policy and strategy on women's
issues, and it has set up a working group to advise on practical
measures to extend equal opportunities for women in the workplace
and elsewhere.
An Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) supports persons who
bring discrimination cases before industrial tribunals and
courts, and produces guidelines on good practice for employers.
It cannot initiate complaints; however, it has complained to the
European Union Commission in Brussels that British law
systematically discriminates against women. In 1992, the number
of complaints filed with the EOC, including those involving
sexual harassment, reportedly increased almost 65 per cent.
Complaints from males made up about 40 per cent of the total.
The Inspectorate of Constabulary, in an official report, said
there were "serious" problems of sexual harassment and denial of
equal opportunities in the country's police forces. In one case,
in December 1993, a woman police constable was awarded an
out-of-court settlement of 32,000 pounds (approximately $47,000),
an apology from the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, and a
promotion. Scotland Yard has also set up a women's support
network and begun training for all ranks in equal opportunity and
race awareness.
European law has also had an influence on the lives of working
women in Britain. The UK has established EC-mandated maternity
leave of 14 weeks and protection against dismissal on
maternity-related grounds. In April, an army major who was
forced to give up her career when she became pregnant won record
compensation of 300,000 pounds (about $450,000), with the
possibility of more to be awarded later.
At the same time, EC law has dictated that pension ages should be
harmonized between men and women. As a consequence, women will
now have to wait to reach age 65, rather than 60, before
retiring.
Availability of child care is another issue which affects a
woman's return to work and job opportunities. Day care
facilities for children under five are supplied by local
authorities, voluntary agencies, and privately. In practice,
this means that there are not enough affordable places in some
3
areas, and some women cannot afford to return to work. However,
the government has initiated a program to try to foster day care
via Training and Enterprise Councils.
Income support is available to women who do not work, or who work
for less than 24 hours a week, and whose financial resources fall
below set levels. There are additional personal allowances for
children and premiums for families. The rising divorce rate and
increase in births outside marriage have led to a growth in the
number of lone-parent families, which now comprise about
one-sixth of all families with children. The Child Support
Agency has recently been established to enforce maintenance
payments from absent or delinquent fathers.
Since 1986, women's health care had been specifically targeted by
the Department of Health. Special preventive services are made
available under the National Health Service to safeguard the
health of expectant mothers and mothers with young children. In
1987, Britain became the first country in the European Community
to launch a nationwide breast cancer screening program, and in
1988 a comprehensive cervical cancer screening service.
Nonetheless, British women suffer the highest death rate from
breast cancer in the Western world.
CHILD WELFARE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
The Children Act
The Children Act (1989) attempted to replace and update a mass of
legislation concerning the care and upbringing of children in
England and Wales within a single coherent framework. The Act
addresses a wide range of situations, from what happens to
children following divorce, to protecting children from physical
and sexual abuse, to the support of families with children in
need. It came into force on October 14, 1991, and provides the
legal basis for the programs described below.
Children in Need
Local authorities have a duty to provide a range of services for
children in need and, as far as possible, to promote their
upbringing by their families. The definition of "in need" in the
Children Act includes both children with disabilities and those
whose needs relate to social and economic deprivation.
Local social services may refer families in difficulty to special
family centers which provide day nurseries and opportunities for
parents to receive counselling on child care or to discuss other
problems affecting them. Some family centers provide
accommodations where families can be observed for prolonged
periods to help identify particular difficulties.
Care Orders
Children who are not receiving adequate care or who need
protection from neglect and ill-treatment may be received into
the care of the local authority (the name and organization of
which varies according to locale). Under the Children Act there
is no longer the concept of "voluntary care." Children can only
be in the care of a local authority if a court has made a care
order in respect of that child.
Every effort is made to return children in care to their families
as quickly as possible -- almost 50 per cent of children taken
into care in England leave in under a year. In part because of
the emphasis in the Children Act on the parents as the best
people to bring up their children, the number of children in
local authority care has fallen steadily in recent years: in
Great Britain in March 1990 there were just under 60,000. Nearly
60 percent of the children in care are boarded out in foster
homes.
Care orders give parental responsibility to local authorities but
they share it with parents and have to negotiate how it is
exercised. Parents have a right to challenge the making of a
care order.
2
Day Care
Forty-one percent of women with dependent children aged under
five are in paid employment. By the time they reach the age of
five, the great majority of children in Britain will have
attended a group day care facility or nursery class. Day care
facilities may be provided by local authorities, voluntary
organizations, or privately, and include nurseries, playgroups
and childminders.
Maternity Benefits
There are two principal kinds of maternity benefits available to
women under the social security scheme. Statutory Maternity Pay
(SMP) is a weekly payment that is payable to a woman by her
employer. To qualify, a woman must have worked for the same
employer for at least 26 weeks up to and including the 15th week
before the baby is due and earned at least the lower earnings
limit for payment of National Insurance contributions. SMP is
normally paid for 18 weeks, and there are two rates: where a
woman has been working for the same employer for at least two
years full-time (at least 16 hours per week) or five years
part-time (at least eight hours per week), she is entitled to
higher rate payments of 90 percent of her average weekly earnings
for the first six weeks, followed by payments at a lower rate for
the remaining 12 weeks.
A woman who is self-employed or who is not eligible for SMP may
qualify for Maternity Allowance if she has paid standard rate
National Insurance contributions for at least 26 weeks of the
year ending with the 15th week before her baby is due. Maternity
Allowance is not payable for any period in which a woman works.
It is usually payable for 18 weeks beginning the sixth week
before the baby is due.
Child Benefit
Non-contributory Child Benefit provides general help for all
families with children. It is tax-free, and is payable for all
children within a family up to the age of 16, or 19 if a child
continues in full-time secondary education. Child Benefit is
paid whatever the family income, either directly into a bank
account or by order book which can be cashed at a post office.
Family Credit
Family Credit is an income-related benefit for working families
with children. To be entitled, at least one parent must work for
a minimum of 16 hours a week on average. It is available to the
employed or self-employed, lone parent or couples. The amount
payable depends on a family's net income (excluding child
benefits) and the number and ages of children in the family.
3
Health Care
Expectant mothers receive prenatal care from their family doctor
and hospital clinics. About 90 percent of all expectant mothers
have their babies in NHS hospitals, returning home within two to
six days to be attended by a midwife, health visitor, or the
family doctor.
A network of child health clinics provided by district health
authorities or, increasingly, by general practitioners, enables
doctors, dentists and health visitors to oversee the physical and
mental health and development of pre-school children. All
children are entitled to free dental and medical treatment under
the National Health Service.
THE BRITISH HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
The National Health Service (NHS)
Since 1948 health care in the UK has been provided by the
National Health Service (NHS). With some exceptions, it offers
comprehensive service on a cost free basis to all UK residents.
Expenses are covered out of general taxation (79%), a portion of
the social security ("National Insurance") contributions (16%),
and fees on certain prescriptions and most dental procedures
(5%).
There is also a private "fee for service" medical sector. It
accounts for about 4% of all outlays for health care. About 8%
of the population has private health insurance, usually provided
as a fringe benefit by employers.
Structure of the NHS
The central government (Department of Health) is responsible for
the NHS and its global budget. Medical care is provided through
independent general practitioners (GPs), under contract to the
NHS; and at NHS hospitals and other facilities, staffed by
Service employees and "consultants" (senior specialist MDs).
Individuals register with a GP, and are referred by the GP, as
and when the GP deems necessary for hospital or specialist
treatment. Thus, the GPs, many of whom operate in large joint
practices that resemble our HMOS, act as "gatekeepers" to
specialist and hospital care.
The administration of the hospitals and of the contracts with the
GPs are the responsibility, respectively, of NHS District Health
Service and Family Health Service Authorities. (The names vary
in Scotland and Northern Ireland.) There are also regional
bodies in more densely populated England.
There are no significant differences between NHS operations in
England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
NHS Reforms
In the 1980s, the structures of the NHS were reviewed and major
and politically controversial reforms were undertaken. In
essence, these changes gave patients specific rights in terms of
what they could expect of the NHS ("the Patient's Charter"); and
introduced the equivalent of market mechanisms into NHS
structures.
The key elements in the structural reforms were the establishment
of:
NHS trusts: Hospitals or other NHS units may volunteer to manage
2
themselves and fund their operations through winning contracts
(in competition with other trusts) with the district authorities
to provide specific services.
GP Fundholdings: GPs with large practices (9,000 patients or
more) may volunteer to receive an annual NHS budget with which to
purchase services for patients from trust hospitals on a
competitive basis.
In addition to these reforms, London is in the process of
reorganizing its hospital services. The government has accepted
a study that found that the capital has too many specialist
facilities, and too few GPs and general facilities.
Cost of the NHS
The UK spends significantly less than the average of the OECD
countries on health care. Only Spain and Greece have smaller
outlays. In terms of GDP, in 1992 the UK spent about 6.5%
(roughly half that of the U.S.) or $960 per capita (about a
quarter of the U.S. expenditure).
It is sometimes claimed that a major reason the UK's expenditures
are relatively low is that the NHS does not have the kind of
administrative overhead that contributory insurance schemes must
provide. Others believe it also reflects the relatively low
comparative incomes of the GPs.
Trends
The cost of medical care in the UK has been increasing, although
not as fast as in the U.S., as can be seen in the following OECD
figures.
Per Capital Spending in USDOLS
1975
1980
1985
1989
1990
1992
UK
144
445
642
844
909
960*
US
346
1063
1711
2345
2566
4000**
*
UK Figures
**
Estimate
Factors
The biggest item in the NHS budget (76%) is salaries and
wages. Its workforce has grown from 500,000 in 1961 to
1.2 million now. It is the largest employer in the UK.
The population is aging. According to a recent EC study,
3
the UK has the largest percentage of people 60 and over
(20%) of any country in the European Union. "Pensioners"
(men 65 and up, and women 60 and over) account for 41% of
all expenditures on care and 44% of all prescriptions.
People over 75 (6.7% of the population) account for 23% of
all patients seen by GPs.
--
The cost of drugs is currently rising at a rate of 12% per
annum. After staff costs, drugs are the largest NHS outlay.
The government is planning to limit medications covered by
the NHS to reduce the numbers of authorized over-the-counter
drugs, and to require the prescription of generic products
whenever possible.
There is a statistically significant difference between the
health (and so NHS costs) of the people who live in southern
England, and those who live further north. Health declines
as one moves north. Scotland has the worst health
statistics and the highest per capita NHS costs. The
government is trying to make people more health conscious.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Drop-By at Mess Hall on the
U.S.S. George Washington
Divider Title:
Drop-By to Mess Hall on the U.S.S. George Washington
-Briefing
-Scenario
May 31, 1994
DROP-BY AT MESS HALL DINNER
DATE:
Sunday, June 5
TIME:
6:15 pm
LOCATION:
U.S.S. George Washington
FROM:
Liz Bowyer
L
PURPOSE
To drop by the First Class Petty Officers' mess hall during dinner.
II.
BACKGROUND
Mess Hall Drop-By
At approximately the same time that the President is eating dinner with sailors at the
AFT mess, you are scheduled to drop by the First Class Petty Officers' dinner mess.
There are three major, cafeteria-style mess halls on the U.S.S. George Washington for
enlisted sailors (officers have separate dining wardrooms). The First Class Petty
Officers' mess hall is in an enclosed area within the AFT mess.
The food service operation is open at almost all hours of the day, and sailors can eat
according to their own work schedules. At the time of your drop-by, there should be
between 50 and 100 First Class Petty Officers eating dinner.
First Class Petty Officers
Within the Navy, there are nine enlisted ranks and nine officer ranks; First Class
Petty Officer is the sixth highest of the enlisted ranks. First Class Petty Officers are
sailors who have been with the Navy generally between eight and ten years. Many
of them serve as "shift supervisors" in the ship's offices and shops. Most First Class
Petty Officers are technically proficient in the workings of the ship, but still have to
gain the leadership experience required to become officers.
III. PARTICIPANTS
HRC
50 - 100 First Class Petty Officers
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
* See attadled scenario
V. PRESS
Closed press.
VI. REMARKS
No remarks needed.
Clinton Presidential Records
Digital Records Marker
This is not a presidential record. This is used as an administrative
marker by the William J. Clinton Presidential Library Staff.
This marker identifies the place of a tabbed divider. Given our
digitization capabilities, we are sometimes unable to adequately
scan such dividers. The title from the original document is
indicated below.
Optional Tour of the
U.S.S. George Washington
Divider Title:
Optional Tour of the USS George Washington
-Briefing
-Scenario
-"New Top Admiral to Push Wider Combat Role for Women", New York Times,
5/4/94
-DoD Under Health Care Reform
-The Health Security Plan and Military Personnel
-Bio of Commander Straub
May 31, 1994
OPTIONAL TOUR OF THE U.S.S. GEORGE WASHINGTON
DATE:
Sunday, June 5
TIME:
8:00 pm
LOCATION:
U.S.S. George Washington
FROM:
Liz Bowyer
L
PURPOSE
To take an optional tour of the U.S.S. George Washington.
IL
BACKGROUND
There are several areas of the U.S. George Washington that you can tour during
down time on Sunday if you choose. You have several options:
* Tour of the U.S.S. George Washington Hospital
The U.S.S. George Washington has a 68-bed hospital which serves as the main
medical facility for a battle group of 14 ships and 2 submarines. The hospital has a
fully staffed operating room, examining room, x-ray room, laboratory and pharmacy.
There are approximately 30 health professionals on the medical staff, including three
physicians, one trauma surgeon, two flight surgeons and one physician assistant.
Between 40 and 50 sailors report to "sick call" every day. Lieutenant Commander
Rick Welch, Navy Nurse, will conduct the tour.
*Tour of Information Systems with Commander Debra Straub
Commander Debra Straub, the ship's Information Systems Officer, will take you on a
tour of her work area. Commander Straub oversees telecommunications, automated
data processing and cryptology functions aboard the U.S.S. George Washington.
Commander Straub is the first person ever to assume this position on a Navy ship,
and is the highest-ranked woman on the U.S.S. George Washington.
* Female Berthing Area
There are eleven women temporarily assigned to the U.S.S. George Washington, and
the Navy expects to integrate several hundred women into the ship's crew within the
next year. Consequently, the ship is remodeling its berthing areas, converting
staterooms and bunks into private sleeping quarters and bathrooms for women.
The current female berthing area on the U.S.S. George Washington is comprised of
about a dozen beds, and is similar, although smaller, than the other berthing areas.
Women and Navy Combat Duty
As you know, the Navy has made a concerted attempt over the past several years to
increase opportunities for women, an effort accelerated in part by the Tailhook
scandal. Beginning this year, women in the Navy are being integrated into combat
crews for the first time in Navy history. Women can now serve in all Navy combat
positions except for SEAL commando units, nuclear submarines and mine sweepers.
Although women have been serving aboard noncombat vessels (such as oilers and
supply ships) since 1978, combat vessels were restricted to males only. Before 1978,
women were barred from all Navy vessels except hospital ships.
The change in Navy policy stems from a provision in the 1993 Defense Authorization
Act, signed by President Clinton in December 1993, that repeals the longstanding
prohibition against women serving on combat vessels. In March 1994, the U.S.S.
Eisenhower became the first Navy combat ship to have female crew members on
regular duty. The Navy plans for the crews of the newly-expanded ships to be
staffed by 10 - 20 percent women.
III. PARTICIPANTS
HRC
Lieutenant Commander Rick Welch, Navy Nurse (optional)
Commander Debra Straub, Information Systems Officer (optional)
IV.
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
* See attached scenarios
V.
PRESS
Closed press.
VI. REMARKS
No remarks needed.
Copyright 1994 The New York Times Company
The New York Times
May 4, 1994, Wednesday, Late Edition - Final
SECTION: Section A; Page 20; Column 1; National Desk
LENGTH: 585 words
HEADLINE: New Top Admiral to Push Wider Combat Role for Women
BYLINE: By ERIC SCHMITT, Special to The New York Times
DATELINE: WASHINGTON, May 3
BODY:
Eager to steer a new course after the Tailhook sexual harassment scandal, the
Navy's new top admiral said today that he would try to accelerate plans to assign
women eventually to all ships and submarines.
Adm. Jeremy M. Boorda, who took over 10 days ago as Chief of Naval Operations
from Adm. Frank B. Kelso 2d, also said he wanted to recruit more women into the
Navy, now that women are allowed to serve in more than 90 percent of Navy jobs.
The number of female Navy recruits has increased to more than 15 percentof
enlisted ranks this year from about 9 percent in 1991. Admiral Boorda signaled today
that he wanted to increase the projections for female recruits beyond 15 percent.
But the admiral said putting women on all ships would take time. "I want to get
it right," he said. "I don't just want to get it fast. But I'd like to get it quicker. The
goal is all ships. The goal is everything."
Meeting separately with two groups of reporters at the Pentagon, Admiral Boorda,
who most recently was commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization forces
in Southern Europe, began what is certain to be a long campaign to repair the
Navy's image after scores of women were assaulted by naval aviators at the 1991
convention of the Tailhook Association.
The admiral is the first enlisted man to lead the Navy, and Navy aides are busy
cultivating his image as a four-star officer with a common touch.
Little Bureaucratic Jargon
Navy officials today released a copy of a message that Admiral Boorda sentto all
naval personnel in his first day on the job. The message is striking for its lack of
bureaucratic jargon. Indeed, the admiral said today that he wrote it as if writing a
personal letter to all 500,000 officers and sailors in the Navy.
Under Admiral Kelso, the Navy, more than any of the other branches of the
armed forces, tried to open more job opportunities for women. Women can now
serve in all combat positions except in SEAL commando units and on nuclear
submarines and mine sweepers.
Navy commanders have expressed reservations about opening submarines
andmine sweepers to women because of the cramped quarters. "There are tight
corridors, tight berthing and other personal space issues," Rear Adm. Jon M. Barr,
the commander of submarines in the Pacific, said in an interview last week.
Although the Navy is studying the cost of modifying submarines to accommodate
women, Admiral Boorda said he had asked Navy officials to re-examine the issue.
"We're going to look at it again," he said. "In fact, we're going to look at it hard."
As all the military services open more combat jobs to women, the armed forces are
actively recruiting more women. Recruiters say this is particularly important because
interest among young men of high school age has waned, partly because of shrinking
advertising budgets and a perception that the military is no longer hiring.
As for recruiting more women, Admiral Boorda said: "It is not just the
humanitarian or sociological reasons for doing that. Our Navy is getting smaller
and recruiting is getting more difficult. It's a business and a professional thing, as
well as the equal opportunity kind of aspects to it."
The aircraft carrier Eisenhower, which sails this October with 500 women among
her 5,000-member crew, will be the first of 10 warships to include women. The Navy
plans to have about 30 combat ships with female crew members in the next three
years. Women have served on supply and fuel ships since 1978.
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
LOAD-DATE-MDC: May 4, 1994
DoD UNDER HEALTH CARE REFORM
The President's health care plan gives the Department of Defense (DoD) the
pportanity to bring military health care Into harmony with broader national health
refur
H.R. 3600 would allow the Department of Defense to do the following:
1)
Establish Uniformed Services Health Plar.s centered on military hospitals
and clinics in the United States, supplemented by the use of civilian health
caré providers;
2)
Automatically enroll active-duty members in a Uniformed Services Health
Plan, and give family members of active-duty personnel and retired
military personnel and their family members the choice of enrolling in a
Uniformed Services Health Plan as the exclusive source of health care
services:
3)
Provide persons enrolled in a Uniformed Services Health Plans at least the
items and services in the President's proposed comprchensive benefit
package;
4)
Receive reimbursements from Medicare for persons enrolled in a
Uniformed Services Health Plan who are eligible to receive Medicare
benefits under part B;
5)
Receive premium payments by private employers made in connection with
persons enrolled in a Uniformed Services Health Plan;
6)
Make premium payments on behalf of family members of active-duty
personnel and retired military persounel and their family members so that
they may enroll through a health alliance in a civilian health plan; and
7)
Preempt conflicting state requirements as they might affect the Uniformed
Services Health Plans.
The President's plan maintains the unique readiness requirements of the military
health care system through the continued staffing and management of military
hospitals and clinics by uniformed health care providers. Indeed, the Joint Chiefs of
Staff fully support the plan.
-
The President's plan strengthens commitments to active-duty and retired military
personnel and their family members by offering secure acccss, at low cost, to a
comprehensive package of health care benefits through a Uniformed Services Health
Plan. The plan provides for premium payments from private employers and from
-
Medicare to help cover the costs of providing care.
The President's plan gives the Department of Defense the latitude to set a reasonable
-
pace of change. Until the Department is ready to carry out this plan, the current
-
military health care benefits will stay in place. The Department will continue to
consult with the appropriate committees of the Congress as details develop.
The Health Security Plan
MILITARY PERSONNEL
Family members of active-duty personnel as well as retired military
personnel and their family members are currently eligible for high quality and
comprehensive health care. Yet many nonactive-duty beneficiaries experience
uneven access to health care and relatively high costs. Some are able to use
military hospitals or clinics and pay very little. Others are unable to do so
because of overcrowding or because they don't live near a military treatment
facility. These people are forced find their own providers and pay higher out-
of-pocket costs under CHAMPUS or Medicare.
The Health Security plan offers the Department of Defense the
opportunity to give family members and retirees more secure access to health
care providers, as well as more choices among them, starting as early as 1995.
Together DoD and the Health Security plan will ensure all military retirees
the same financial options.
Improving Access, Increasing Choice
The Health Security plan will allow DoD to create Military Health
plans, known as Tricare. These plans will be centered around military
hospitals and clinics in the U.S., and will also include contracted,
civilian providers.
Beneficiaries who are now eligible for CHAMPUS will have the added
choice of selected civilian health plans.
Benefits for Those Under 65
Family members and retirees who are under the age of 65 will have
the opportunity to choose to join a Military Health plan, or a civilian
health plan.
Tricare Military Health plans -- integrated networks of military
treatment facilities and contracted civilian providers -- will be
established throughout most of the country. Military medical
managers will coordinate health care within specific regions of the U.S.
Once a year. beneficiaries who are now eligible for CHAMPUS would
have the chance to join a Tricare Military Health plan. under which
they would receive comprehensive health care coverage at low cost.
Benefits for Those Over 65
Family members or retirees who are age 65 or older will also have the
opportunity to choose between Medicare and a Tricare Military plan.
Medicare beneficiaries will receive enhanced coverage for out-patient
prescription drugs. They will also benefit from expanded options to
join managed health care plans.
Military Health plan consumers will be able to join for a modest
annual fee, currently estimated at $50 per person or $100 per family
(in 1995). Cost-sharing levels would be lower than under Medicare.
DoD would receive fixed, per person payments from Medicare to fund
these beneficiaries' care.
Security for Employed Retirees
Those who have retired from military service but are employed full-
time by a private company will be fully covered by their present
employer just like all other full-time employees.
Part-time employed military retirees, however, will still be covered by
DoD. To ensure that their coverage equals the standard 80% of the
average health plan cost, their present employer will pay based on a
pro-rated 30 hour work week. DoD will make up the difference
between the pro-rated amount and the 80% of the average health plan
cost. This encourages retirees to continue as active participants in the
work force rather than discouraging them from employment out of fear
that they might lose DoD benefits.
Self-employed retirees will also be eligible for their 80% coverage
through DoD. While we are committed to providing coverage for all
military retirees, it has not been determined whether self-employed
retirees may be asked to contribute depending on their earned income.
October 17, 1993
MAY-30-1994 21:13
USS GEORGE WASHINGTON
42506
P.003
COMMANDER DEBRA A. STRAUB
UNITED STATES NAVY
Commander Debra A. Straub, a native of Indianapolis, Indiana, received her Bachelor of
Science degree in Mathematics from Indiana State University in 1976. She received her
commission from Officer Candidate School in Newport, Rhode Island, in February 1977.
Following her commission, Commander Straub reported to the Defense Information
Systems Agency ((DISA) which WAS formerly Defense Communications Agency).
Washington, DC., nluse as a Computer Systems Analyst she provided AIS security
support to the Joint Staff.
From May 1980 to June 1982, Commander Straub served as the Chief, Computer Support
Branch for DISA in the Alternate National Military Command Center (Site R) at Ft.
Ritchie, Maryland. Upon completion of this tour, she attended the Naval Postgraduate
School in Monterey, California, where she earned a Master of Science degree in
Telecommunications Systems Management
Upon receiving her Master's degree in April 1984. Commander Straub was assigned to
the Naval Communication Station, Kellavik, Iceland, as the Communications and
Operations Officer. In June 1985, she reported to the staff of the US. Commander in
Chief of the Pacific (USCINCPAC). Her staff duty entailed coordination and preparation
of the planning programming and budgeting issues in the arca of command, control and
communications.
Following her Pacific tour in December 1988. Commander Straub assumed the position
of Executive Officer of the Naval Communication Station Puger Sound, Bangor,
Washington in March 1991 she reported to the Director. Space and Electronic Warfare
as the Process Action Team (PAT) Leader for the restructuring of the General
Unrestricted Line community of Space and Electronic Warfare.
Following completion of this assignment in September 1991, Commander Straub was
assigned to the Atlantic Council of the United States in Washington, DC., as a Navy
Federal Executive Fellow. As the Navy Senior Fellow to the Council, she worked
extensively in the formulation of US.-China policy recommendations as well as economic
and securiry issues in the Pacific mainn
Commander Straub assumed command of the Naval Computer and Telecommunications
Station, Pensacola in July 1992. Under her direction the concept of wide area networking
was successfully extended to fleet communications. Following her command tour in
April 1994 Commander Straub joined the crew of the USS George Washington (CVN 73)
as the Information Systems Officer.
Commander Stranb's decorations include the Defense Meritorious Service Medal (two
awards). Mediorious Service Medal, Joint service Commundation Medal, Navy
Commendation Medal (two awards) and the Navy Achievement Mcdal. Commander
Straub was a accipient of the Anned Forces Communications and Electronics Association
(AFCEA) award of Distinguished Young AFCEAN of the Year for 1981
TOTAL F. 004
INFORMATION PAPER
DAMH-HD
20 May 1994
SUBJECT: Medical Care of U. S. Troops In World War II
1. Purpose: To provide information concerning medical care.
2. Facts.
a. The Army Evacuation System in World War II. By the time
allied forces landed in Normandy on 6 June 1944, the U. S. Army
system for evacuating and treating battle casualties was fully
developed and combat-proven. Each infantry division had a
medical detachment, headed by a division surgeon and including 32
officers (dental and administrative as well as medical) and 383
enlisted men. This detachment supported the division's three
infantry regiments, each of which consisted of three battalions.
Each battalion had three companies. Of the medical enlisted men,
two were attached to each infantry company as aidmen; the rest of
the division detachment, with the medical officers, operated the
battalion and regimental aid stations. Also under the division
surgeon was the division medical battalion, made up of three
collecting companies and one clearing company. The collecting
companies, one normally serving each of the division's three
infantry regiments, provided ambulances and litter bearers to
move casualties; the clearing company operated a small hospital,
the closest such facility to the firing line.
When a man fell wounded in combat, his company aid man,
braving enemy fire, reached him as quickly as circumstances
allowed, usually within 10 to 30 minutes of the soldier's being
injured. The aidman examined the injured man, dressed his wound,
administered morphine and plasma as needed and, if conditions
permitted, made out an Emergency Medical Tag (EMT) listing the
man's name, serial number from his dog tag, the nature of his
wound, and the approximate time it was inflicted. This tag,
attached to the patients' clothing, went with him through the
entire process of evacuation. The aidman then marked the
casualty's position for litterbearers coming forward from the
battalion aid station. The litterbearers, by hand carry, or more
often in the European Theater by jeep or other vehicle,
transported the wounded soldier to the aid station, set up in
whatever shelter could be found as close to the fighting as
safety allowed. There the battalion surgeon, the first medical
officer to see the patient, made a more thorough examination and
prepared the EMT if the frontline aidman had been unable to. If
the man's injury was slight, he would be treated at the aid
station and held for a brief rest before return to the front. If
his injuries were severe, the surgeon and his enlisted
technicians would give additional first aid if required and
prepare the man for further evacuation.
At this point, the casualty passed to the division medical
battalion. Litterbearers or ambulances from a collecting company
oved him to the division clearing station, usually located five
to ten miles behind the line, where again a sorting process took
place. Men considered likely to recover in a short time remained
at the clearing station for treatment and return to their
companies. Men severely injured but able to be moved further
before receiving definitive treatment had their condition
stabilized and were prepared for transportation. Soldiers whose
wounds required immediate surgery went to a field hospital
located close to the clearing station. These units, improvised
during World War II from small hospitals originally designed for
other purposes, were the direct ancestors of the MASH (Mobile
Army Surgical Hospital) of Korean War and film and television
fame. Here skilled surgical teams, which included the closest
women nurses to the firing line, carried out life-saving
emergency operations, mostly on severe chest and abdominal
injuries. The field hospitals held their patients until they
were ready for evacuation, then moved forward with their
associated clearing stations.
From clearing stations and field hospitals, wounded
soldiers, and also the severely ill, became the responsibility of
army-level medical units controlled by the army surgeon, a
Medical Corps colonel or brigadier general. Army collecting
companies moved patients who required lengthy and complex
treatment from the division clearing stations to evacuation
hospitals, mobile 400-bed units capable of providing a wide range
of definitive surgical and medical care. In the "evacs," as they
were nick..amed, further examination and sorting took place. Men
deemed likely to need more than a month or so for treatment and
recovery went immediately to army air and rail holding units, to
await movement by transport plane and hospital train to the large
general hospitals of the rear area (Communications Zone) behind
the armies. The rest of the casualties remained in the army
evacuation hospitals until they were well enough to go to
separate convalescent facilities to prepare for return to duty.
In the Communications Zone general hospitals, many of which in
the European Theater were located in the United Kingdom, patients
either completed their treatment or were prepared for evacuation
to the United States.
b. Medical Support on. D-Day. Like every other aspect of
Operation NEPTUNE, as the Normandy invasion was codenamed, the
provision of medical support required lengthy and complex
planning. The Chief Surgeon of SHAEF, Major General Albert W.
Kenner; the Chief Surgeon of the European Theater of Operations,
Major General Paul R. Hawley; and the Surgeon of First Army,
Colonel John Rogers essentially had to adapt the Army evacuation
system described above to the requirements of an amphibious
assault. In the first hours of the invasion, with no room in the
beachhead for extensive medical facilities, all casualties except
2
those requiring immediate emergency surgery would have to be
evacuated back across the English Channel while at the same time
divisional and army medical units would have to be brought
onshore and moved inland after the combat forces. The NEPTUNE
medical Planners took account of these factors as well as
mastering the complexities of working their units and supplies
into the huge stream of men and materiel flowing across the
Channel.
On D-Day, the regimental and battalion medical detachments
of the 1st and 29th Divisions at Omaha Beach and the 4th Division
at Utah Beach went ashore with their parent units in the early
assault waves. They were followed onto the beach by U. S. Navy
shore party medical sections (one officer and eight medical
corpsmen per Army battalion) and by the collecting companies of
the infantry divisions. Next came the engineer special brigades,
which had the task of organizing the movement of men and supplies
across the beaches, and their medical battalions, followed in
turn by the division clearing companies. This interlacing of
division and special brigade units, based on experience gained in
the landings in Sicily and Italy, allowed the regimental and
battalion redical personnel and the divisional collecting
companies to move inland at once and begin treating and
evacuating casualties. Meanwhile, the shore party and special
brigade medical units collected wounded who fell during the
landings, evacuated the battalion aid stations, set up emergency
surgical acilities, and loaded all moveable casualties onto Navy
landing at, principally the large LSTs (Landing Ship, Tank),
many of which carried small surgical facilities manned jointly by
Army and Buy medica¹ personnel. The landing craft then
transporte the wounded across the Channel to selected ports in
England, mere Army medical units disembarked the patients and
prepared them for movement to the many hospitals in Britain.
For be 82d and 101st Airborne Divisions, which landed by
glider andarachute inland of Utah Beach, the arrangements were
slightly fferent. The regimental and battalion surgeons and
aidmen went in by air with their units, as did the medical
company ofeach division, which performed functions similar to
those of infantry division medical battalions. The airborne
medics, spite of severe losses in men and equipment in the
difficultidnt landing, quickly organized battalion aid stations
and divisi clearing stations and cared for their own wounded
until thewere able to open evacuation routes to the 4th
Division facilities on Utah Beach.
withe major exception of Omaha Beach, medical support on
D-Day Hoped about as planned. At Utah Beach, where the 4th
Division only light resistance, medical units landed in the
proper mence and the flow of patients to special brigade
surgicacilities and evacuation craft went smoothly. At
Omaha, ever, the 1st and 29th Divisions were pinned down at
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the shore line by heavy German fire for much of the morning; many
medical personnel with the first waves were killed and wounded;
and the sequence of unit arrivals went to pieces. Only the most
limited treatment facilities were set up on the beach during the
first day. Medical personnel from the combat units, the Navy
shore parties, and the engineer special brigades all pitched in
to pull wounded men out of the surf, administer first aid, and
move casualties to the landing craft. Heroism was common as
medics risked their own lives to save those of injured and
drowning comrades. Not until about D+2 (8 June) did the medical
evacuation system at Omaha begin to assume its intended shape.
Following D-Day, the First Army medical service built up
rapidly along with the rest of the forces. The standard
evacuation system of battalion aid stations and division clearing
stations took shape as the troops pushed deeper into Normandy.
Behind them, army medical units came ashore. The first field
hospitals (the 13th and 51st at Omaha and the 42d and 45th at
Utah) landed on 7 and 8 June bringing with them the first Army
nurses to enter the beachhead. The first evacuation hospital in
Normandy, the 128th disembarked at Utah Beach on the 10th.
Dozens of other First Army medical units followed, but crowding
in the beachhead delayed the establishment of a Communications
Zone medical service. For the first couple of months, hospitals
in the United Kingdom remained the destination of men evacuated
from the army facilities. Returning landing craft continued to
carry the majority of these casualties, supplemented after 10
June by transport planes flying from improvised airstrips.
Altogether, the D-Day landings cost the U. S. Army about
5,000 casualties, most of tı.em suffered at Omaha and in the
airborne landings. Of these, about 3,000 were wounded, less than
half the number the NEPTUNE medical planners had expected and
prepared for on the first day. This fact, plus thorough training
and preparation among medics at all levels, individual courage
and competence, and some good fortune, made Army medical support
of the great invasion a solid success.
C. Distinguished Medical Units. Among Medical Department
officers and enlisted men, courage was the norm and heroism
common during the first hours of the invasion, especially at
bloody Omaha. Surviving aidmen of the first wave units, often
themselves wounded, moved back and forth along the beach under
fire, bandaging, splinting. giving morphine and plasma if they
had any. Many ventured repeatedly back into the water to pull in
the disabled and drowning or to retrieve medical supplies.
Others went into minefields to carry out injured men.
Typical of the experience of medical personnel at Omaha was
that of Major Charles E. Tegtmeyer, regimental surgeon of the
16th Infantry, the lead regiment of the 1st Division, and his
regimental medical detachment. Tegtmeyer and his detachment came
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ashore at about 0815 hours on D-Day, to find the shoreline
crowded with men, many of them wounded, who were pinned down by
German fire from the bluff overlooking the beach. They worked
their way along the beach bandaging and splinting wounded men as
they came upon them. As the rifle companies moved off the shore,
Tegtmeyer and his group followed them and set up an aid station
dug into the seaward slope of the bluff, which sheltered them
from enemy fire. Using salvaged supplies, Tegtmeyer and his
group, reinforced later in the day by elements of a collecting
company, retrieved casualties from the beach, gave them what
rudimentary treatment they could, and then moved them back to the
shore for embarkation on landing craft. For its work on D-Day,
the Medical Detachment, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry
Division, shared in the Presidentual Unit Citation awarded its
parent regiment. In this and subsequent operations, officers and
men of this detachment received 4 Distinguished Service Crosses,
90 Silver Stars, 1 Legion of Merit, 128 Bronze Stars, and 159
Purple Hearts. Major Tegtmeyer himself received one of each of
these decorations.
Similarly, the 307th Airborne Medical Company, 82d Airborne
Division, which came in with its division in the D-Day airdrop,
lost its commander, many men, and much equipment to German fire
and the hazards of the landing. Nevertheless, the company
managed to improvise a clearing station and surgical facility.
During the first 48 hours of the battle, the unit treated
hundreds of wounded and prepared them for evacuation. This unit
also shared in its parent division's Presidential Unit Citation
for its work on D-Day.
d. How Medical Care Is Different Today. Since World War
II, Army combat medical support has undergone many changes,
although the basic principles of rapid collection, triage,
emergency care, and evacuation remain the same. Helicopter lifts
of wounded right from the battlefield; expanded use of fixed-wing
air evacuation within and out of the theater; air transportable
modular hospitals; instantaneous satellite communication between
surgeons in the theater and specialists in Stateside facilities;
the use of computers, CAT scans, and other sophisticated
equipment in the field; and enhanced triservice cooperation and
adoption of common equipment all have enhanced the wounded
soldier's chances of survival and recovery. In Vietnam, the
helicopter, able to pick up wounded men virtually from where they
fell and carry them directly to fixed hospitals far to the rear,
all but eliminated the complex chain of evacuation typical of
World War II and earlier wars. Whether this would be the case in
a high- or mid-intensity conflict is not yet certain; in such
situations, a ground chain of evacuation may play a larger part.
Since World War II also, the Army has improved the training of
its ordinary soldiers in first aid and buddy aid; quick action by
soldiers so trained saved many lives in the recent Pope Air Force
Base disaster. Whatever the changes in technology and method,
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