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OCR
PEARY
METEORITE
NOT ES
1897?
184
Here lay the great "if". he May 1894
when \ discovered the mateouts the entire
country was huried in snow, many of the
drifts heing 40 +50' deep.
The last of August of the same you the
ser Faleur could not get within 30 miles of
the place for ice.
he late Aug. 'gs the Kile found the Writen
vee still chinging in the shore a nute to
half wide, & was forced to retreat by the
young ice
pm 1896 the Hope had succeeded in read-
late Aug,
ing the place hut had been comfielled is
have mich the ilmost haste to avoid vering
crushed by the Mehille Bay pach.
This your there was much less water &
many nure hugs than last hut much
to my relief off by barring a passage
+ graunding twice by heing funced close to the
through share the as two harviers the Hope
war brought alougride
WE snow discourage us + prighter a movice
Description of surroundings as likely
inches arrived + in morning second
war brought alougride
Description offerrandings likely
- Meteorite Notes -
in 1896
my ten days work on the Great droun
acquaintance with its peckliarities
had given me a very thorough
& perversities + had impressed to upon
imphasired
are the full meaning of to con-
shape of to almost resisttes inestia
antrated weight, to intractable (over)
I felt the utmoat confidence that
with me would enable we to arting
the equipment (over) which I had brought
it safely on board provided the ice)
would allow me to get near it.
Fortunately the the natural site features of the
shore at this particulaviocality
were aniquely favorable & the
previous summer's work had
left the great mass close to the
edge of a natural slone rock pier
with dufficient depth of water
off it to allow the shiftrail to be
brought within about eighteen
muthow Auote within W evance
magm trans mh mom
and lia Lisha at walls by N
Had the matter have a subject
of study few weeks \ doubt if
any shape could have heen devised
that would have been any more
completely ill sinted for rolling
for sliding or fun lifting for
N rain hep line wallo blvow
its brown N-I welas to
pulit as we Idave blower in attriv
AM MMMM many mornality
The poinerful hydroutic jacks the may
magnificient great oak timbers, the heat
that could he hought the heavy steel
rails the hosts + nuts, chains + wills
all of the best quality
m/rair
at ittras
alava-ato person is we using bal
New Low grame mays 74 MM giveng given
straitism
2
feet of the rock
my plan was to
reaching from the natural rock
construct a very atrong bridge
pier across the ship; lay the
heavist stud rails upon this &
them massive after depositing the metionte
on a many thinks car resting
$ on these rails shate the
until it rested directly over the
huge mass across the bridge
main hatch, then remove the
mean of hydranlic jacks
bridge of lower the meterite by
the the hold of the ship
through the halghway to a hed
This sounds simple enough
yet when such an enormans &
concentrated maso is concerned
every detail of construction
must be massive + alrong
M
f every detail of manipulation
studied with the almoat care
The wansforring of such a weight
from share the unfielding support of
the rocks to the unab yilding
allarges skipting & complication ,A of strains
support of the ship, red
of continuously changing
resulting from the warying rise fall
placement of the ship as the
level of the tide changing dis
listing with the unbalanced
weight came upon her, + her
Maso as it first came aboard,
thought to study.
all demanded the moot careful
The first thing was to prepare + the
ship for receiving sot as to insure against
herumonal
of a disasterous mishap t with
fruig ht without the possibility
as little disturbance of her
4
her equilibrium as possibles this
To was accomphish as his spellows
ships clear down to the Keelson
all the coal remaining amid-
was hoisted out & put in the
bunkers; heavy oak timbers
sixteen inches square were then
laid on each side of the keelow
extending equally for aft beyond over
the opening of the main hatch
the space from which the coal had
been removed was then filled with
coase heavy hallash to the level
of the 'tween deck beams & directly
under the main hatch to about
of the hallast directly under the
three feet higher; the upper courses
tween deck brains were carefully
supported upon if with blocks to
arranged & the beams funnly
wedges; Four heavy twelve inch
5-
I
poots with a heavy crosshead
supported the deck, of between these
under each side of the mainhatch
& the ship side was a second
series of smaller posts sup-
porting the deck of kept in place
by a aystem of
of braces.
The object of the ballast was to
the ship, absorb of distribute the
inchease the stability of inestia of
shock in case through any mis-
hap the meteorite should be
allowed to drop; + serve as a
fine bed for it to reat upon,
while the posts were to enable the
deck to sustain the great load
from the main hatch, so that
rectangular shaft downward
without collapsing, & form a
the meteorite once entered into
-6-
nito the hatch combings would
be compelled no to descend vertically
with opportunity to move laterally
This work accomplished
decks two twelve mich by welve inch
trinkers twentyfour feet long
deck close against
were laid for of aft along the the
laid upon the deck on the port
combings, the spare sudder
side abreast of which the main the hatch share
+ on the starboard side map need a series
of twenty twentyfour foot tumbers
built up close against the rail
titl the top of the upper one was
a few wiches above the rail.
These were for supports for the ship
end of the bridge of with the ese-
ception of a few minor details
of the ship to the rocks completed
to he noted later + the secure mooring
the preparation of the shih,
7
The backbone of my bridge consisted
of two high magnificint royal. gravisch prices + of searoned white oak
were to span the gap between the
14 x 16 inches of 60feet long, which
ship's rail & the rocks, reach well
under the meleonte at one end
of nearly across the ship at the
others a couples/ These two trinkers
feet apart in the dear of a 12x12
were laid side by side of five
mich timber notched down over
them at each end + bolted through
with 1/4 inch bolts of best swedesh iron
main hatch to the meteonite a 12x12
From the inshore side of the meteonite
wich yellow pine timber thirtyfeet
long was laid midway between the
two oak trinkers of at every seven
feet the filler prices of 12x 12 nichting
inserted of ^ holted together by 11 inch
screwholto with large washers.
had been done on the up trip in order
The having & fitting of these timbers
to save time of as there was no room
on board ship to assemble the structure
everything had to he done by careful
miasurements & was much
made up of holes hared through
nearly eight feet in length each
gratified to find a series of poles
seven prices of tumber with an
ance over the actual uge of the boeh
augus having hat an 1/8 rich clear
tude that there was no difficulty
coming together with duch exacti-
in investing the nacas of holts. This precision
was accomplished hy, an augus guide impro-
which when nailed down to the timber
visid from a strongly constructed cartridge box
shrough which the timber was to be fored
insured its bering bored true,
-8-
thus clamping the whole into a
solid massive type gang plank *
The inshore end of resting contin-
usualy on the rocks + the ship hoard
remained only the 16th spay
end having four supports, there
from the ship sail to the rocks
to be further, supported + made
rigid for the transit of the great
mass. This was effected by con-
structing an fink truss with
posts and of 12 wich blocks, shung
with wire cable as
shown in the sketch,
The setting up of this tras cable was ac-
complished in a moot effective +
the first mate, One incident may
intetligent manner by mr. Taylor
of all details. The men waing the
illustrate the careful supervision
wrenches in screwing up the botts
-9
/
9
were required tomake a price 5/1
dine fast to the wrench of the other
end fastened about their necks
so that if the wrinch slipped from
their hands it would not he
lost overhoard.
had of neceasity to he done in
The assembling of this bridge
place, the big oak trinkers having
to be launched separately under
the meterite which had previously
been raised for this purpose &
supported on blocks at
treme ends,
the the ships tackle not being strong
enough to handle mou than one
ah a there as they each weighed
about three tonor I
Shortly after the inchore enclo
had been launshed under the
metrorite, the other ends atill
10
resting on the ship, an incident
occurred which gave me a great
kept me in a continuous
deal of anxiety at the time &
state of apprehension untill
had the meteorito friendy mounted
on the carr resting its full
weight upon the tumbers.
Anneeberg went to prices offshore
disruption reached the shore
+ swell caused by its
the Hope tassed + heaved so that
for some five on ten minutes
O feared the propo would be
pried from under the meteorites
& the whole business go over the
edge of the prin, the heavy 60
foot thinkers with the ship tugging
at their outer endwacting as
crresistible levers. This accurring
-11-
was likely to happen again at anymoment
with the countries fleet of icebergo
lying just outside of us, & Irecally
with unpleasant sensations one
of last age
might ^ ago when throughout the
entire night the Hope tassed &
rolled the Entrie might on the
waves caused by disrupting
bergs as if she were in a seaway.
The matter kept me on the qui
vive of apprehension throughout
the next two days.
tumbers to the above, the edge of
Previous to launching the
the frier had been carefully leveled
of the earth & rocks from this sill
distribute the hearing of the bridge
ta trinker sill reat laid upon it, to
as far withou as the timbers
would extend carefully evened evened off
graded & lamped to give the
— 12
timbers a continuous bearing
shaining of the cable huss being
The assembhing The of the bridge A the
completed, the shirty foot standard
steel rails of the n.y.N. H. TH R.R.
weighing 00 the to the yard were
horsted out & laid two on top of
each of the oak timbers with their
under the meteorite + their other
mishore endo just through
ends coming just inboard of
the starboard stails Fifteen footh
lengths continued the track
across the main hatch to the
port side & all were them fastened
down to the tumbers with numerous
spikes. Then the solid timber car
constructed of 12x12 wich trubers
bolted logether by 1/4 inch bolts
which had been hored of fitted
during the upward royage &
13 -
assembled on deck during the
interine of other work, was
horsted upon the raits t pushed
ashou to the meteorite. This
car which was constructed as
shown in the sketch was
sheathed on the underneath
side where it restect on the
nch chick of 12 inches wide, these
rails with strips of steel 1/4 of an
were attached to the can by screws
bolts passing up through the
tumbers THA the heads of these
double rails on each aide served
bolts coming between the
is guides to prevent any lateral
motion of the car In addition to
these, steel flanges were bolted to
the underwath aide 5 the can
just inside the treads of the inside
rails, after being pushed out
171
Ass the plungers of the great jacks
strepted back into their easings
when the opening of the values,
transferring the mighty meight
entirely to the carl, every projection
an the underwalth side of the me-
tearete huried itself in the solid
wither, the jouist closed up till al-
most invisible, the every imequated
in he shee steel sheating beneset
In car flottened out, the hoser
of to rails saub perceptital into
the aah stringers & the earlt
& groud herealt there settled
& compressed well it herouse
almost like roch
Note lashing eleven with to still
chains W the eyelutis in ear, 14
to the meteonite, a portion of the
timbers of the car were removed,
the fro it half of the meteonte
jacked up till the remaining
portion of the can could be
forced under it, the front edge
of the metionite lowered upon
the car, then the rear portion
jacked up of the other timbers
from the rear & rebolted to the
brought roundt put into position
others, them the
lowered to its position on the car
The next thing was to get the ship
precisely in position with the
bridge in just the right position to
Nover the main hatch
an inch, for the opening of the mann
hatch was just harely large enough
to admit the meteorite of the least
error in the position of the
meteon'te of its can when A
15-
came in over the main hatch
would necessitate a great deal
of trouble in shift g it.
By careful manipulation
of the anchor cable, the stem
were made fast to big rocks
+ how lines & springs which
ashore the Hope was finally
adjusted to a nicety, the ship
board end of the bridge lashed
family down toringholts in
the dick, of eye bolts down on the
ship side, then cables mooring
stoppeds white this was being
lines all act Taut & carefully
done the old bent rails & aplus-
tered tumbers from last year
were laid across the
end of the bridge behind
the metion te & loaded with
some fiftern toux of bistoms
168
*
E very man a hund had his
station + knew his worls. The
chip E megineer had charge of
the joichs, the Captain of the
barteder leaving are the but an
eye un everything.
16_
as a counterpoise ranchor
Nothings were there attached to the can
Two heavy tackles
of the ends carried to the drums
of the stam winch on board,
lat position behind the car
T two jacks placed in a horizon
against head, the heavy bridge cross
with their pases resting
slush the rails with a heavy
Nothing remained now but thick to
misture of tallow of soap
await the proper stage of the tide,
start the huge mass with
the jacks + wash in inhaard
with the tackles if they could
handle it, or if from, push it in
with the jacks.
of waiting for the tide
The internine of an hour or Two
168
* E very man a hund had his
station + knew his worh. The
Chip E megineer had charge of
the joichs, the Caplain of the
backeter leaving are the but an
eye un everything.
11-
was utilized in making
some photographs of the great
mass, the which, the bridge it the
first railwad in Evenland
as well as of the ships crewx
the gang of Eskimo navvies
who had assisted in one of the
most unique & remarkable
episodes of artic work.
with while Mrs. Peary & Capt Barttett
CCL last the tide was right of
at the levers of the jacks started
the monster toward the ship,
the baby dashed a little bottle
of wine against it of christened
manued pushed by the Engine room
it thrights then the jacks
force mished it shadily tab
forward to the edge of the pier,
item the which started &
strained the heavy tackles
be
from the my
famory for
form
167
At this moment every Eshino on
word ment over the sterm going
plank to the share
W with all their are for the ship
the sire hormer of
+ their confidence in me, they could
not umercoie the supersatives
fear that the mountaious resign
of the Heaven S time would crush
the Comiabsoch
18
of the huge monster in a
series of jumps crept out
upon the truss As it reached
have played a grand march
the center a master might
with the rigid vibrating
strands of the cable for
whin strings.
As the meteorite reached the
rail the ship began to list,
but not seriously of men
stationed at every lashing
look up all slack the moment
it appeared. In an hour from
the time ih started a motion
of if hand stopped the winch
with the meteorite precisely
over the main hatch
Three cheers went up from
most heads
everyone on board & aodou
as matters now stood the
were sent pluring
19
ship Hope was slightly inclined
having
toward the shore, & the bridge
had a slight gradint
from the freen down to the
hatch. The next step was to
get the bridge out of the ways
of
This had already been pro-
vided for. Two of the jacks
were brought on board
of placid on deck on the star
run out trais full length,
hoard side of the hatch, one
under each of the oak the
trubess mist inside of the joint
long - sail of the fif-
saws were brought with required
teem foot length
how, insested in the joint
between open the rails, intentionally
left over about an inch of the
bridge sawed clean through
165
Ar the sear parrid nearly
through the last Winker a
long sprinted spit and into
wh part + & F izgins reiring
the had afe jumped upon
the rail + with a Wow ar the
severed the last connection of
the Cireat from with to
land.
A plea yours of rest it
was to reserve ihe was
durings.
20
some three feet inside the
rail. The heavy stone coun-
terpoise ashou which supported
the overhanging end of the
bridge + prevented the
saws from building &
as the tumbers finally sev
ered, the ship righted easily
opened + the ends of the big
+ the values of jacks being
unders under the meteonite
lowered until the inboand endo of and
the bridge rested true X
level across the waish
supporting the meteonite $
its can precisely over the
main hatch.
It was evening now, we had been
ungaged upon the meleorite five
days working throughout the
entire day of much of the night
2/d
of during this entire time from
the moment the Hope came
alongside the meteorite in a
blinding snowstown which
the next morning had covered
the land deep in a should &
masked the sea under a
dense layer of gray slush, ih
had been one constant succes
sion of fog & driving snowsqualls
This not only retarded to
work very seriously but had a
pronounced moral effect upon
the superstitions sailors some
of the old hands in the crew who
had been with me last year
calling in meteorite weather
saying it was piat the kind of
weather we had loat year
was hoodooed, that are veny
that the great hrown thing
zz
should get A on loand or if we
did we would never get it home
ship to the bottom it mate mindering
as h would surely take the
Under the circumstances here d could
certainly almost forgive their
supersations of it was a strange
but actual of unseagerated Jock
that as the great maso crept slowly
over the bridge + across the sail,
patches of Hue oky appeared
overhead, when at last it rested
safely over the main hatch the
last the which bound it to the
land completely severed the
midnight sun driving past
hongoutal rays of the low
the clith of dignal mountain
fell upon the meterite changing
ih into molten dronge, flooded
the within cetergs cash of us
4
162
Note lashing the Meteonti to
the can with steel chains
of wedges.
23
in light bathed the ragged
black creato & great flowing
indomes of the mountains
of Prince Regents Bay Im nalloon
soah, + Nagloktoo in unspeakable
this of 2020 & yellow,
It was really as if the demon
of the Saviksoah had fought
a losing fight accepted the
result & yulded gracefully
in the cabine were numerous &
The congratulations that evening
earneat,
turned to early, four jacks were
The following morning every one
placed under each comer of
the can it of the meterite lifted
from the rails, holts & spikes now
drawn, the Tribero withdrawn one
by one & the can lowered to short
tumbers across the deck.
24
all the blocks & short trinbers
were then passed down through
the hatch & arranged in four
There attwart ship directly under
the halch for lowering the
meterite on to the ballast
By the middle of the afternoon the
can was lowered into the hatch
for the ship to steam in smooth
combings + in a safe position
water which we were certain
to have in this region with all
the incharge about of at 5-o'clock
the last lines were cast off the
Hope steamed away from the
Tatural fuer
C Throughout the forenoon +
early part of the afternow
if had been anowing
sailors say that we shall
again & my superations
160
Nath formation your in, anywins thoughts of
spending swite labyroist of
the
ablighd to rain $ parrage spile of
own eight load superved at last,
Still me were not entirely free.
During our stay at the island the
young ice formed in every inter-
mal of calin + the last snow
have had cemented everything
in a thick lealting stratum
It had heen the regular ling
for some an waid
to look at this daily + them
at the lahymilt of Thengs
through which it here certain
by did not sum to he the least
opening + programaticali that
me were elvormed 20 spend
the minter here.
Before leaving the Capton
B artteble & myself had recommail
red the field, from he lahaf
the island & seen tab here
was hit one route
the island tal there
25,
noh have clear weather again
until the hatches cover the
brown demon perched amid
ships, completely from the light
of day Now however it was
clear again of a striking con- -
trast to last year when in a
driving southeastes I swing
away from the same avoid place in
feverish she haste to escape having
crushed me by the tel leaving the
resisters M emille B ay
"big ^ brown demon perched upon
the rock & grinning derisively X
Now my persistence had wou
after being three summers at
this place I as last had tu
wating
prize on board.
Note praying
Metion'te doland was Cape
They destriation after laving
Sabine but the next morning
off Nolatenholm Island a
159
through the more, + even here
me should have to force a
narrow harrier of heres,
A short distance from the is
land me gut into a bad
furned by the hite + soon
reached our harrier which
though marrow was formidable
enough, made up of hergs &
heavy herg pieces. At purshase
buid to push a passage through
miltiont success We must rain
the harrier in spile of our
ugly load. Additional limber
hraces were put about the me-
horite put + it war with
considerable anxiety that frueld
id the effect of the first
Waw as the how strick the
ire + milli a erash & quive
the It ohe came the a elead state
The great massf brejulifed + swand
The trubers about the medication it
creahed & groaned, the hallast he -
neath $ cracked & rettled shighty
creahed of groaned, to hallast he
a phantoin ship, her elecks deep
with snow, her spars, sails26
+ erystals, regging crusted with the from
furious arctic gale descend-
ed upon the ship through which
she was barely able to fight
her way to safety under to
leeof the island where ohe
bodged back of for th time for thirty
sex hours Dufined x + my faithful
eskinos worked like miners
in our timber cage under the
meteorite lowening it with
the hydraulic joicks rich by
inch foot by foot in order to
get it low enough not to my're
tigs time the purious howled brough the
the stability of the the ship white all
uperatiboyo oneo on board were
now shreighty more at perm by convine d than
the rigging as of the deman of the Sambrel
reach home + that this stom
before that we " should never
was but a warming fro the
demon of the Sanksoah,
Several days Cater in the harbor
158
but no servious results accured
+ as me had me alternative
the engines were reversed of
me hacked out for emailer
Wow. Cireat pieces were when
off + sucked out by the draft
last her how like a massive
of the ships backing, till at
nuedge could he forced in
between his hergs + with
engines going at full speed
gradually farce tem apart
lude lowly with me squared through,
the fromen Whe rochs - each
side rasping from slein to stere
+ as to latter cleared them
the plying propullor Wocles struch
ance an twice, sending wrocegh
out the ship a resonant changer
price as the hellow of frame
hells on a minters night
It was our hear of uscafe.
27
of Godtham the greatmans
was lowered to the desired
position with a frim bed
of ballast three or four feel
in thickness between the
Can & the keelow K the remain
der of the balloat packed
solibly about is the great
below + stowed closely for
uniters of the bridge passed
taft against the ships aides
of from these nuerous 12 mich
streets carried to the meterite
wedged & spiked in place until
there was no possibility for
the great mass to more unless
the ship rolled enough to let
it drop out of the hatch.
in this hander to make the ship
Every possible thing was done
he feathy anug of him for
28
crossing the that for our
last years experience had
taught us what to expect
fortunate it was that every
possible precaution was taken
for before we were across a
fierce northweater descended
upon the ship & during one
long night she the solled &
pitched before great seas
while more than one andious
heart an board was certain
that every wave shock that
great mass had carsus brokeng loose
the ships side of that they would
of was amashing alway chrough
never see the moving light
again, Ho a matter of fact the ship
rolled beautifully with an even
bow, ant swing & though the
29
bulwarks of the starboard how
were smashed by a sea &
once her waish filled with
green water to the sail level
yet with every thing including
the hawes holes to the cable
lockers battered down no
listle water taken in.
serious damage was done 1
The next morning at day hight
water under cape Mercy.
we were atraining in smooth
If later transpired that there
were whose on board who had
begun to worry about it the
meterite long before came
on hand some in the parties
landed on the upward voyage
had serious meagining do to
the ship ever returning D them.
After the multing
Note constant forthating of young
ice while at the Anetemented
lutting cafe Note the arries -
Note about Circuly Canh
hing the Nall Star Bay B
4
Note faremell of natures
hap their help on meterite is
Sept. -
Proctically
Armon Plate
Natture of and
Wine Balleta personatic
Ball
observations olisers the
Sapray
fule
Nate retending of meterite
T22
Neeple
After this nothing of moment
accurred though the presence
of such an enommous man
of nickel stul on hard
revelved the compare
useless + comfilled us w
hug the wast all the may
hark he S your where the
hope arrived in safety
Sept. R
Prodically rame compasition or our
Armar Plate
Description of
Note use of coal
Wine Bulletin Press Arrociation
Baldwin of photoses tidal
obtervations
Warking chroegh form
Della fude
Nate resource of meleorite
Oteopatries Needle
First railway Careenland
(Note) The history of these Peary
melearites the last + largest of which
is now and its way to New York is
exceptionally interesting + unique.
you 1818 the ships of Sir John Ross, caught
in the ice near C. Yorks were visited by
some members of a premiously entirely we-
known tribe of Artic abariguies in whose
possession were nutice rude knines with cubling
edger of in which they said they had ab-
tained from an "from Mountain" in the elepths
of whille Bay Analyses of the irom
shamed ih to contain nickel inem, indicating
metione origin + exciling the greatesh in -
trest.
Somewhere in the forties the King
of Denn ank made an attempt to obtain
these aerolitis + authorized an expedition
for that purpose but nothing came
of the effort.
The officers of the North Star, one
of the Franklin search ships which
passed the writer of 49+50 in Wol-
stuholen Sound, north of Cape york,
were unduccesful in finding the
iron, + the same may he said of
american of the whaling which
the various expeditions, Sughsh +
have visited these waters during
Noyage now of them came any
the fifty years following the Ross
marer to-thear than Ross himself
to a solution of the mystery
Baron Nordensjold's ship went to
Cape york for the express purpose of
the valuable specimen butreturned
discovening + if possible of securing
unancessful The British Museu
specially & interested
in the matter tone of the special
objecto of the optendid English archi
Expedition of 1875-76 was to dis-
cover + secure the unique objects
This expedition like the others failed
to locate the mysterious iron.
In may 1894 Peany who,
during his sojourn in these regions
had barned all about these
meteonitis from the Eskimos made
from headquarters,
a two his hundred mile sledge journey
by Lee & an Esking driver, located
+ examined the great masses, the
first white man to look upon them
year he attempted to get them
Late in august of the same
on board his ship the faloon
& send item home but he could
nob get within thirty miles
on account of the ice.
In 1895 in the Kite he succe Es
in getting the two smallr ones
on board of bringing them to
N.Y. where they have been stored
since,
On 1896 in the Hope, a larger
ship he succeeded in getting near
the third of largest of the meterites
moved it to the shore, a distance?
* excavated it from its bed +
a quarter of a mile when the
failure of his jucks + its in-
rush of the melvelle Bay ice com-
pelled him to get out with all
crushed in due ice.
speed to savey his ship from heing
This year with the same ship item
meteonite has been embarked + is
now on its way to N.Y.S
[misert here pages 1-2-3-401 the "Saviksue"
paper.] [follow with mss. just
written work of 97] [misert Description of
the Savikoue + their Aiti". 4/2 pages from
Sanksue Paper.]
[ unsert material from 2nd 3rd, 4th 9th, 10th
11th 12th, + 13th pages of "History, Notes, +
speculation Saviksue Paper.] ]
[ wisent "Resume of Points of special
Interest", from Saviksue Paper.] .]
[misert "Proposed Group from S, P.]
7X10 70
6
426
210,000
2
I
BAL
- -IRONSTONE-
Leaving the settlement of Omunni about 9 P.M. of the
of
Kite steamed westward out of Wstenholm Sound
through rain and dense fog. The next morning found us near
C. York and steaming against a fresh southeasterly breeze. No ice
was visible within our limited horizon. Rounding the well known
Cape the tupics of the natives were found in their usual location
near the angle of the first glacier on the west side of the Bay.
What was most unusual, every man, woman and child was apparently
asleep, for not a soul was visible and only when the Kite's whistle
eight
woke the echoes did the tupics pour forth their numerous occupants.
A zone of medium sized pans lay off the shore.
The anchor
was dropped just off the tupics and a boat immediately sent ashore.
Arrangements were speedily effected for the available men of
the village, 10 in number to go on board the Kite, and assist
in the work of removing the ironstone, while the women during our
absence to the eastward were to clean our recently acquired
walrus skins.
The skins had scarcely been landed when the
ice under the influence of the increasing southeasterly wind began
to pack in upon the Kite and against the shore, conpelling a hasty
departure, the last of the men reaching the Kite after she was in
motion by jumping from pan to pan.
- 2 -
While ashore I had obtained one or two glimpses eastward
through the occasionally lifting clouds and fog and apparently thee
was no ice as far as Bushnan I.
With sanguine feelings which the extremely disagreeable
weather could not materially affect we steamed in the teeth of the
gale across C. York Bay to the islands; along them and the main
a
shore, then into Sainksooh Bay still without encountering ice.
As we approached the familiar little eastern arm, the winters ice
was seen stretching entirely across the bay, and it looked as if
after getting this far we were yet to be stopped several miles
from the object of our visit.
But Captain Bartelett's keen eyes detected a lead some
distance up the Bay and going around Knob I. we gained this lead
and after ramming the Kite her length into the edge of the land
floe put out the ice hooks and made her fast, a mile from the shore.
Accompanied by Captain Bartlett and Mr. Diebitsch, each armed with
a boat hook to assist in crossing the leads and pools of water we
went over the side, crossed the ice passed up the little valley
and once more I stood beside the famous meteor.
With the snow now malted away from the meteor and its
surroundings, it was possible to obtain a clear idea of the dif-
workof
of
ficulties incident to the transporting the great mass to the ship.
^
- 3 -
I was pleased to find that the stone was not larger than
I had already supposed it to be, the excavation of the previous
having determined
year its maximum dimensions. The continued existence of a large
snow drift in the little valley between the meteor and the head of
the bay also was a valuable point in our favor. Yetbthe several
hundred feet of road distance between the meteòr and the upper
limit of the drift, thickly covered with genissose boulders of
all sizes, and the wide ice foot lead separating the main ice of the
Bay from the shore presented difficulties which I could see would
ie
call forth De bitsch's exceptional resources and energy to overcome.
After a briaf reconnoissance of the field we returned to the ship.
The next morning we visited the second stone located out
on the island, and excavated about it sufficiently to get an idea O
of its size. The features of location were largely in favor of
ed
this stone as it was near a shore which was not blockaded with ice,
and which the Kite could come close alongside of. Its enormous
size however rendered it extremely doubtful if we could handle it
with the appliances at our command. On the way back to the ship
it was decided that in the afternoon forces should be divided.
Mr. Diebitsch taking a couple of jacks and two or three men to
the first stone visited, while I returned with the rest of the
jacks and some men to the large stone. The attempt would be made
- 4 -
to start both meteors from their beds and in this way an accurate
estimate of the relative weights would be obtained and on returning
to the Kite and comparing notes a decision could be arrived at as
to which one our full forbe should be concentrated upon. The
monster
afternoons work on the big stone showed it to be more of a meteor
than was at first supposed. Two ten ton jacks under one end
hardly succeeded in starting the mass slightly from its bed and
this was effected at the expense of the ruin of one of the jacks
and crippling the other. The afternoon at the other meteor was
more satisfactory. One jack easily lifted it from its bed, and
a second smaller meteor, the one described to me by the natives as
about the size of a dog was located. The next morning the engineer
force went to the large meteor with a view to drilling it and
blasting off a piece, while all the remaining available force was
taken to the other meteors by Mr. Deibitsch.
Before night the smaller meteor was safe on board having
been dragged on a rough sledge over the stones, down the snow drift
ferried across the shore lead on a cake of ice then hauled over
the ice to the ship. The other meteor had been blocked up ready
to be loaded upon its sledge. The following day the sledge for
the large meteor was constructed the meteor placed upon it and
- 5 -
lashed down, a rough plank tramway laid along a rude roadbed which
the Eskimos had been constructing by removing some stones and fill-
ing in holes with others, and over this tramway the big mass was
gradually transported on iron runners to the snow bank.
Early the next morning before the sun had begun to thaw
the surface of the snow it was moved down to the head of the bay,
and in the aftermoon ferried across the lead on a huge cake of ice
40' long 20' wide and 7' thick. A partial dock had to be cut in
the thin edge of the harbor floe to receive this novel ferry boat.
The following day the big brown prize was brought alongside and
after a narrow escape from loss by the breaking of the ice along-
side was hoisted safely on board and stowed in the hold. Up to
this last day the weather had been everything that could be desired
clear, calm and war m though new iee formed every night. Now it
came in foggy again and the next morning as we steamed over to
the island to see what could be done with the third specimen it
was still undecided what to do. The Kite was brought close along
shore under the site of the stone and everyone landed to have
another view of the stranger. It seemed as if it had actually
last saw
grown since we had seen it, and it was very evident that with
our appliances we could do nothing with it as a whole. The other
alternative was to drill and attempt to blast a piece off and this
n
- 6 -
work was immediately commenced. When the work was well under way
I selected the five least effective Eskimos for a boat crew leav-
ing the others to assist in working the drill, and taking Profs.
Salisbury and Nyche with me in the whale boat started for C. York
to await there the arrival of the Ship, It was now so late in the
season that the ship once through with the meteors could not afford
to stop for more than a few hours at C. York, and by thus going
ahead Prof. Salisbury would be given ample time to examine the
glaciers about C. York and Prof. Dyche have an opportunity to
obtain more specimens. The trip to C. York was made under con-
ditions more favorable than I had anticipated, the settlement being
o'clock
reached at 5- the next morning and here we remained until 1 A.M.
Friday when the Kite arrived having failed in its attempt to re-
move a piece of the large meteor owing to the extreme toughness
of the metal. Nevertheless the resultsof this second trip to
the meteors had been satisfactory beyond my most sanguine expecta-
tions.
The weather and ice conditions could scarcely have been
more favorable. The location, size, shape etc. of three meteorites
had been determined carefully, and two of them, thanks to the
ability and anergy of Mr. Diebitsch had been secured while the ex-
istence of a fourth had been corroborated and its location ascer-
tained approximately.
- 7 -
In size the three meteore vary widely as will be seen
from the following figures.
The smallest is an irregular ellipsoidally rounded mass
with dimansions of 27-1/2" X 19-1/2" X 10" an estimated bulk of
2 cub. ft. and est. weight of 1000lbs.
The next larger meteor has dimensions of 4'3" X 3'3" X 2'
(approx.) an estimated bulk of 12 Cub. ft. and weight of 6000 lbs.
The third has the huge dimensions of 11.2' X 7.5' X 6'
( the latter est. but not exaggerated) with an estimated bulk
180 cub. ft. and a weight from 40 to 50 tons.
In appearance and relation to surrounding surface there
its
is quite a diversity among the three meteors. The smallest one
was lying upon the surface of the ground and though the natives
tell me that it has been worked but little owing to its greater
relative hardness than the larger one it certainly seems to have
been pounded sufficiently to destroy nearly or quite all of the
original surface.
e
The larger meteorits was partially imbedded or perhaps
it might be said indented in the ground, and while all of its
upper surface has been worked until there is a well marked burr
along the ground line the under part probably preserves the origin-
al surface characteristics.
- 8 -
tes
The entire surface in the vicinity of both these meteors
is thickly covered with gnaissose boulders of all sizes.
The third meteorite unlike the others is located on a
surface comparatively free from stones, and was almost entirely
buried in the soil. Only a sort of dorsal fin about 2' high and
wide and 5' long projecting through the turf, this fin, the color
this fin
of which was a deep rich brown the original meteoric markings,
pittings and three lines of streations were sharp and distinct.
The alleged greater hardness of the metal has protected
this mass from the attacks of the natives. On the upper surface
mass
of the flat portion of the underground were numbers of rust blisters
and scales, whether due to the greater amount of moisture in the
ground at this place or to a difference in the composition of this
meteorite as compared with the other two, was not determined.
The elevation of this meteorite was 66' above the ice foot and
its distance from the shore 204'. The larger of the other two
masses was 101.5' above the ice foot and 1611' distant from it.
Of this distance 407' was over gneissose boulders of all dimensions
and the remaining 1204' along a bank of deep snow. Between the
shore and the harbor floe was a lead 100' wide and from the edge 0
of the floe to the ship the distance was 5478' making a total
distance of 1.36 miles that these two stones were moved.
- 9 -
distant
The smallest meteorite was 96' from the larger one and
21' lower. The distance from the shore being the same..
There is a fourth mass more to the eastward, farther in-
land and higher up though no one 00 the. tribe now living has seen
fathers grandfathers visited it,
it's its approximate location is known and it is said to be much
larger than either of the other three; the old men of the tribe
comparing the visible portion of it with one of their tupics.
To the eye the appearance of the metal composing the three
meteorites seems the same; a dense, tough soft iron or mild steel
with silvery luster and resonant as a bell. But that there is a
? pronounced difference in the amiability of the metal in the three
masses is shown conclusively not only by the unvarying statements
of the natives but by the great pile 60 yards in circumference of
broken trap boulders surrounding the 6000 lb meteorite while scarce
ly a score of pieces were scattered about the smallest one and none
whatever in the vicinity of the largest. Half excavated half con-
structed among the gneissose rocks in the vicinity of the softest
stone were numerous "Kang-mah" or small roofless stone huts occu-
pied by the natives during the mining season. This mass is the
one from which all of the ancient iron supply of this people was
obtained, and the supposed statements of the natives to the members
of Capt. Ross's Expedition, that one mass was composed largely of
P 10 -
a black rock containing nodules of iron were unquestionably im-
perfectly understood. The hard and dark rock referred to by the
natives meant } unquestion bly undoubtedly - } the dark trap rocks
used in hammering off the small flakes of the metal.
The Wister Meteorite
The Jesup
"
The Marie
"
---0-0-0---
PEARY'S METEORITES.
His Reply to Nansen's Light and Airy Remarks
as to Their Origin.
To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir: As all the
papers have given considerable prominence to
the fact that Dr. Nansen before seeing my Cape
York meteorites. or knowing anything as to the
details in regard to them; before he had landed
in this country, in fact, has settled positively and
off hand that they are of telluric origin and the
same as the Nordenskjold irons. I feel that a
few facts as to the points of difference between
my meteorites and the Nordenskjold irons may
be of interest.
The Nordenskjold irons were found in 69° N.
lat., my meteorites in 76° N. lat. The Nordensk-
jold irons are rough and rusty in external ap-
pearance, with no surface markings differing
from those of any rusty lump of iron, and they
oxidize rapidly, some of them even to complete
disintegration. Some it was found impossible
to preserve; others are kept constantly wet in
closed cases.
The surface of my meteorite, except where it
has been abraded by the Eskimos, has the pit-
tings, striations, and slightly fused appearance
of the edges, distinctive of all siderites, and is
of a rich, smooth, bronze color, unaffected by
exposure. A small surface on the " Ahnighito"
meteorite planed in 1895 was this summer still
bright and uncorroded.
The beautiful Widmanstatten figures, the
celestial trademark, are as sharp and clear on
these Cape York meteorites as if made by a
graver's tool, Not only do these markings show
on a polished surface under the action of acid,
but on the exterior of the meteorites as well.
As regards surroundings, the Nordenskjold
irons lay in an extensive igneous region at the
foot of basaltic cliffs in which are found nodules
of the same iron, and from which every year
additional masses are weathered. My Cape
York meteorites rested upon gneissose boulders
in the midst of a purely gneissose region, which
extends uninterrupted by igneous or basaltic
formations for miles about them. Were any
further proof needed, the legends of the Eskimos
attribute heavenly origin to the masses.
The only point in which the Nordenskjold
irons and my meteorites are similar is that both
are an alloy of nickel and iron. A simple exam-
ination of the three masses which I have brought
to this country has been sufficient to convince
any one conversant with the subject and com-
petent to form an opinion of their meteoric ori-
gin. For those who have not seen them the
facts as to their surroundings will furnish proof.
The fact that nickel iron has been found in situ
in the basaltic formations in and about Disco
Bay does not prove that all metallic iron from
Greenland is the same, nor does it preclude the
possibility of meteorites, such as these Cape
York specimens, falling in other portions of that
country several hundred miles distant.
The following are statements of facts founded
upon ample proof, and will survive any mere
expr ssions of o inion:
The three great masses of iron brought back
by me from the shores of Melville Bay are sider-
ites (metallic meteorites).
One of them is by far the largest known
meteorite in the world.
All three, but particularly the two smaller
ones, possess a historical and human interest
such as attaches to no others.
They were never seen by, nor was their loca-
tion known, to any white man before my discov-
ery of them in May, 1894.
R. E. PEARY, Civil Engineer. U.S. N.
BROOKLYN, N. Y., Oct. 25.
was III une game for a short time to-day. but his
work was so poor that he was relegated to the
"scrub," and Dickey was put in at centre. It is
expected that Jordan, who played centre
for the second eleven all last season against
Gailey, will report for practice this week. If he
can be brought into condition quickly he will
easily displace Booth.
Kelly was carried off the field this afternoon
with a twisted ankle, and Breckenridge, left end
on the "scrub," was also injured. Ayres re-
ceived a trial at full back. Wheeler has not
been playing up to the standard lately. Trainer
McMasters says that both Cochran and Hille-
brand will be in shape to go into the game on
Wednesday against the Elizabeth A. C. Frank
Morse of the 93 championship team was on the
field this afternoon coaching the backs.
NEW HAVEN, Oct. 25.-Yale's second eleven
played "horse" with the 'varsity to-day. The
former scored two touchdowns, while the regu-
lars just escaped being shut out. They man-
aged to get the ball on a fumble and score a
touchdown. Rain made the backs slow and
fumbling frequent. The first eleven. weakened
by its hard game against the Carlisle Indians,
was able todo but little with the "scrubs," who
were coached by Foster Sanford. Giant'
Heffelfinger was again in the "scrub' line and
lamed Cadwalader so badly that the big fresh-
man retired from the field. Brown, the other
guard, and Allen, tackle, also received slight
injuries and did not finish the practice. Dur-
ston was placed at right half back in place of
Benjamin. Slocovitch was kept at left end and
did fine work. Marvin of the "scrubs" took
McBride's place at full back. Winter, substi-
tute quarter for the second eleven, was tried on
the varsity, and showed up in lively form.
The latest rumor on the campus is that Yale
is likely to play no more games at New York.
The faculty, it is said, is displeased with the
treatment the eleven received at the hands of
some of the papers of that city, and is more
than ever in favor of games on simply college
grounds.
ITHACA, Oct. 25.-The Cornell 'varsity team
did not line up against the scrubs this after-
noon, Coach Warner deeming it advisable to let
the players have only light signal practice.
They are all in good condition, despite Satur-
day's hard game, and are looking forward ex-
pectantly for the game with Harvard next
Saturday.
Football Events To-Day.
Berkeley School vs De La Salle Institute, at Berkeley
Oval.
Manhattan College vs. St. Peter's College, at Jasper
Field.
Football Notes.
The Westerleys would like to arrange Saturday and
Sunday games with teams averaging 125 pounds.
Address William Kohn, 644 Sixth avenue.
The Lenox football team has election day open. A
suitable guarantee will be given to a first-class team.
Address F. O'Dowd, 273 West 125th street.
The Savoy Football Club would like to arrange a
game for Oct. 81, on its grounds, with a team averag-
ing 125 pounds. Address Edward Pfortner, 534 East
164th street.
The Mohawk Club would like to hear from a team
averaging 125 pounds, to play on Oct. 30 at Prospect
Park. Address Francis T. Gräpel, manager, 473
Throop avenue, Brooklyn.
The Dreadnaught A. C. has Oct. 30 open to play a
first-class team; game to be played at Crotona Park.
Will allow travelling expenses. Address H. F. Bres-
nan, 631 East 139th street.
St. Peter's football team has Oct. 31, election day,
and Thanksgiving Day open, and would like to hear
from first-class teams. Address John J. Meara, 168
Montague street, Brooklyn.
The Union Football Club of Brooklyn would like to
arrange games with teams averaging between 90 and
95 pounds for Nov. 18 and 20. Address Harry Stoney,
1185 Herkimer street, Brooklyn.
BULLETIN
OF THE
AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
Vol. XXVI
1894.
No. 4
THE CAPE YORK IRONSTONE.
BY R. E. PEARY, C.E., U. S. N.
There is always a peculiar interest attaching to those
strange bodies, meteors, which, issuing out of the in-
finite abyss of universal space, fall upon the earth with
loud detonations, accompanied by flashes or trails of
brilliant light. When one of these visitors from far off
space happens to be a mass of pure soft iron, apparently
urgent
heaven-sent to supply one of the most indispensable needs
of the most northerly human beings on the globe-a
tribe of isolated Arctic aborigines numbering only a
little over two hundred souls literally ice-imprisoned in
the gloomy depths beyond the Arctic Circle-and when
the existence of such a mass has been a matter of his-
toric or legendary knowledge since the discovery of the
tribe over three-quarters of a century ago, while
its
their
precise location has been unknown, the interest is in-
creased tenfold.
meterites
Such is the interest attaching to the meteor ironstone
of Cape York, which for unknown years furnished the
447
448
The Cape York Ironstone.
ancestors of the Arctic Highlanders with the iron for
their knives in return for the simple labor of clipping
off fragments from the main mass.
On the 9th of August, 1818, Capt. Jno. Ross, R.N.,
imprisoned with his two ships, the Isabella and Alexan-
der, in the Arctic ice-pack off the desolate northern
shore of Melville Bay, some twenty-five or thirty miles
to the eastward of Cape York, was "surprised by the
appearance of several men on the ice
drawn on
rudely fashioned sledges by dogs, which they continued
to drive backwards and forwards with wonderful
rapidity."*
After a great deal' of manœuvring, for a detailed
account of which see Ross's original narrative of his
voyage, communication was established with these
individuals of a hitherto unknown tribe of Hyper-
boreans, and they were induced to come on board the
ships.
Among the scanty possessions of these natives were
crude bone knives with cutting edges of iron. The
discovery of this metal in the hands of these isolated
aborigines, who had never seen white men before, and
had no idea of the existence of human beings beyond
their own tribe, naturally excited comment. It was
supposed that the metal had been obtained from some
fragments of wreckage, and Ross's armourer thought
the knives were made from pieces of iron hoop or flat-
tened nails. A little later, however, it was understood
from the natives that the iron was procured from a
mountain near the shore, and that they cut off it with
* Voyage of Discovery, &c., &c., by Jno. Ross, Capt. R.N., London, 1819-
4to, page 80.
— The from Metwrites of C, York —
Valuable or is the collection of spice -
mens of Aratic fauna brought weak
my the K Kili on we last mayorge ce
wheter which through the liberality
of Mr Marris K. desup weanner the
propert of the American Museum
here are two objects antsich here
which pursuse claim the depust when
ists of scientists These are the
e your M relearite chicamered & in
days May 1894 + now hrought
health nome to he the particular jumely of
serve Museum
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"ocrText": "PEARY\nMETEORITE\nNOT ES\n1897?\n184\nHere lay the great \"if\". he May 1894\nwhen \\ discovered the mateouts the entire\ncountry was huried in snow, many of the\ndrifts heing 40 +50' deep.\nThe last of August of the same you the\nser Faleur could not get within 30 miles of\nthe place for ice.\nhe late Aug. 'gs the Kile found the Writen\nvee still chinging in the shore a nute to\nhalf wide, & was forced to retreat by the\nyoung ice\npm 1896 the Hope had succeeded in read-\nlate Aug,\ning the place hut had been comfielled is\nhave mich the ilmost haste to avoid vering\ncrushed by the Mehille Bay pach.\nThis your there was much less water &\nmany nure hugs than last hut much\nto my relief off by barring a passage\n+ graunding twice by heing funced close to the\nthrough share the as two harviers the Hope\nwar brought alougride\nWE snow discourage us + prighter a movice\nDescription of surroundings as likely\ninches arrived + in morning second\nwar brought alougride\nDescription offerrandings likely\n- Meteorite Notes -\nin 1896\nmy ten days work on the Great droun\nacquaintance with its peckliarities\nhad given me a very thorough\n& perversities + had impressed to upon\nimphasired\nare the full meaning of to con-\nshape of to almost resisttes inestia\nantrated weight, to intractable (over)\nI felt the utmoat confidence that\nwith me would enable we to arting\nthe equipment (over) which I had brought\nit safely on board provided the ice)\nwould allow me to get near it.\nFortunately the the natural site features of the\nshore at this particulaviocality\nwere aniquely favorable & the\nprevious summer's work had\nleft the great mass close to the\nedge of a natural slone rock pier\nwith dufficient depth of water\noff it to allow the shiftrail to be\nbrought within about eighteen\nmuthow Auote within W evance\nmagm trans mh mom\nand lia Lisha at walls by N\nHad the matter have a subject\nof study few weeks \\ doubt if\nany shape could have heen devised\nthat would have been any more\ncompletely ill sinted for rolling\nfor sliding or fun lifting for\nN rain hep line wallo blvow\nits brown N-I welas to\npulit as we Idave blower in attriv\nAM MMMM many mornality\nThe poinerful hydroutic jacks the may\nmagnificient great oak timbers, the heat\nthat could he hought the heavy steel\nrails the hosts + nuts, chains + wills\nall of the best quality\nm/rair\nat ittras\nalava-ato person is we using bal\nNew Low grame mays 74 MM giveng given\nstraitism\n2\nfeet of the rock\nmy plan was to\nreaching from the natural rock\nconstruct a very atrong bridge\npier across the ship; lay the\nheavist stud rails upon this &\nthem massive after depositing the metionte\non a many thinks car resting\n$ on these rails shate the\nuntil it rested directly over the\nhuge mass across the bridge\nmain hatch, then remove the\nmean of hydranlic jacks\nbridge of lower the meterite by\nthe the hold of the ship\nthrough the halghway to a hed\nThis sounds simple enough\nyet when such an enormans &\nconcentrated maso is concerned\nevery detail of construction\nmust be massive + alrong\nM\nf every detail of manipulation\nstudied with the almoat care\nThe wansforring of such a weight\nfrom share the unfielding support of\nthe rocks to the unab yilding\nallarges skipting & complication ,A of strains\nsupport of the ship, red\nof continuously changing\nresulting from the warying rise fall\nplacement of the ship as the\nlevel of the tide changing dis\nlisting with the unbalanced\nweight came upon her, + her\nMaso as it first came aboard,\nthought to study.\nall demanded the moot careful\nThe first thing was to prepare + the\nship for receiving sot as to insure against\nherumonal\nof a disasterous mishap t with\nfruig ht without the possibility\nas little disturbance of her\n4\nher equilibrium as possibles this\nTo was accomphish as his spellows\nships clear down to the Keelson\nall the coal remaining amid-\nwas hoisted out & put in the\nbunkers; heavy oak timbers\nsixteen inches square were then\nlaid on each side of the keelow\nextending equally for aft beyond over\nthe opening of the main hatch\nthe space from which the coal had\nbeen removed was then filled with\ncoase heavy hallash to the level\nof the 'tween deck beams & directly\nunder the main hatch to about\nof the hallast directly under the\nthree feet higher; the upper courses\ntween deck brains were carefully\nsupported upon if with blocks to\narranged & the beams funnly\nwedges; Four heavy twelve inch\n5-\nI\npoots with a heavy crosshead\nsupported the deck, of between these\nunder each side of the mainhatch\n& the ship side was a second\nseries of smaller posts sup-\nporting the deck of kept in place\nby a aystem of\nof braces.\nThe object of the ballast was to\nthe ship, absorb of distribute the\ninchease the stability of inestia of\nshock in case through any mis-\nhap the meteorite should be\nallowed to drop; + serve as a\nfine bed for it to reat upon,\nwhile the posts were to enable the\ndeck to sustain the great load\nfrom the main hatch, so that\nrectangular shaft downward\nwithout collapsing, & form a\nthe meteorite once entered into\n-6-\nnito the hatch combings would\nbe compelled no to descend vertically\nwith opportunity to move laterally\nThis work accomplished\ndecks two twelve mich by welve inch\ntrinkers twentyfour feet long\ndeck close against\nwere laid for of aft along the the\nlaid upon the deck on the port\ncombings, the spare sudder\nside abreast of which the main the hatch share\n+ on the starboard side map need a series\nof twenty twentyfour foot tumbers\nbuilt up close against the rail\ntitl the top of the upper one was\na few wiches above the rail.\nThese were for supports for the ship\nend of the bridge of with the ese-\nception of a few minor details\nof the ship to the rocks completed\nto he noted later + the secure mooring\nthe preparation of the shih,\n7\nThe backbone of my bridge consisted\nof two high magnificint royal. gravisch prices + of searoned white oak\nwere to span the gap between the\n14 x 16 inches of 60feet long, which\nship's rail & the rocks, reach well\nunder the meleonte at one end\nof nearly across the ship at the\nothers a couples/ These two trinkers\nfeet apart in the dear of a 12x12\nwere laid side by side of five\nmich timber notched down over\nthem at each end + bolted through\nwith 1/4 inch bolts of best swedesh iron\nmain hatch to the meteonite a 12x12\nFrom the inshore side of the meteonite\nwich yellow pine timber thirtyfeet\nlong was laid midway between the\ntwo oak trinkers of at every seven\nfeet the filler prices of 12x 12 nichting\ninserted of ^ holted together by 11 inch\nscrewholto with large washers.\nhad been done on the up trip in order\nThe having & fitting of these timbers\nto save time of as there was no room\non board ship to assemble the structure\neverything had to he done by careful\nmiasurements & was much\nmade up of holes hared through\nnearly eight feet in length each\ngratified to find a series of poles\nseven prices of tumber with an\nance over the actual uge of the boeh\naugus having hat an 1/8 rich clear\ntude that there was no difficulty\ncoming together with duch exacti-\nin investing the nacas of holts. This precision\nwas accomplished hy, an augus guide impro-\nwhich when nailed down to the timber\nvisid from a strongly constructed cartridge box\nshrough which the timber was to be fored\ninsured its bering bored true,\n-8-\nthus clamping the whole into a\nsolid massive type gang plank *\nThe inshore end of resting contin-\nusualy on the rocks + the ship hoard\nremained only the 16th spay\nend having four supports, there\nfrom the ship sail to the rocks\nto be further, supported + made\nrigid for the transit of the great\nmass. This was effected by con-\nstructing an fink truss with\nposts and of 12 wich blocks, shung\nwith wire cable as\nshown in the sketch,\nThe setting up of this tras cable was ac-\ncomplished in a moot effective +\nthe first mate, One incident may\nintetligent manner by mr. Taylor\nof all details. The men waing the\nillustrate the careful supervision\nwrenches in screwing up the botts\n-9\n/\n9\nwere required tomake a price 5/1\ndine fast to the wrench of the other\nend fastened about their necks\nso that if the wrinch slipped from\ntheir hands it would not he\nlost overhoard.\nhad of neceasity to he done in\nThe assembling of this bridge\nplace, the big oak trinkers having\nto be launched separately under\nthe meterite which had previously\nbeen raised for this purpose &\nsupported on blocks at\ntreme ends,\nthe the ships tackle not being strong\nenough to handle mou than one\nah a there as they each weighed\nabout three tonor I\nShortly after the inchore enclo\nhad been launshed under the\nmetrorite, the other ends atill\n10\nresting on the ship, an incident\noccurred which gave me a great\nkept me in a continuous\ndeal of anxiety at the time &\nstate of apprehension untill\nhad the meteorito friendy mounted\non the carr resting its full\nweight upon the tumbers.\nAnneeberg went to prices offshore\ndisruption reached the shore\n+ swell caused by its\nthe Hope tassed + heaved so that\nfor some five on ten minutes\nO feared the propo would be\npried from under the meteorites\n& the whole business go over the\nedge of the prin, the heavy 60\nfoot thinkers with the ship tugging\nat their outer endwacting as\ncrresistible levers. This accurring\n-11-\nwas likely to happen again at anymoment\nwith the countries fleet of icebergo\nlying just outside of us, & Irecally\nwith unpleasant sensations one\nof last age\nmight ^ ago when throughout the\nentire night the Hope tassed &\nrolled the Entrie might on the\nwaves caused by disrupting\nbergs as if she were in a seaway.\nThe matter kept me on the qui\nvive of apprehension throughout\nthe next two days.\ntumbers to the above, the edge of\nPrevious to launching the\nthe frier had been carefully leveled\nof the earth & rocks from this sill\ndistribute the hearing of the bridge\nta trinker sill reat laid upon it, to\nas far withou as the timbers\nwould extend carefully evened evened off\ngraded & lamped to give the\n— 12\ntimbers a continuous bearing\nshaining of the cable huss being\nThe assembhing The of the bridge A the\ncompleted, the shirty foot standard\nsteel rails of the n.y.N. H. TH R.R.\nweighing 00 the to the yard were\nhorsted out & laid two on top of\neach of the oak timbers with their\nunder the meteorite + their other\nmishore endo just through\nends coming just inboard of\nthe starboard stails Fifteen footh\nlengths continued the track\nacross the main hatch to the\nport side & all were them fastened\ndown to the tumbers with numerous\nspikes. Then the solid timber car\nconstructed of 12x12 wich trubers\nbolted logether by 1/4 inch bolts\nwhich had been hored of fitted\nduring the upward royage &\n13 -\nassembled on deck during the\ninterine of other work, was\nhorsted upon the raits t pushed\nashou to the meteorite. This\ncar which was constructed as\nshown in the sketch was\nsheathed on the underneath\nside where it restect on the\nnch chick of 12 inches wide, these\nrails with strips of steel 1/4 of an\nwere attached to the can by screws\nbolts passing up through the\ntumbers THA the heads of these\ndouble rails on each aide served\nbolts coming between the\nis guides to prevent any lateral\nmotion of the car In addition to\nthese, steel flanges were bolted to\nthe underwath aide 5 the can\njust inside the treads of the inside\nrails, after being pushed out\n171\nAss the plungers of the great jacks\nstrepted back into their easings\nwhen the opening of the values,\ntransferring the mighty meight\nentirely to the carl, every projection\nan the underwalth side of the me-\ntearete huried itself in the solid\nwither, the jouist closed up till al-\nmost invisible, the every imequated\nin he shee steel sheating beneset\nIn car flottened out, the hoser\nof to rails saub perceptital into\nthe aah stringers & the earlt\n& groud herealt there settled\n& compressed well it herouse\nalmost like roch\nNote lashing eleven with to still\nchains W the eyelutis in ear, 14\nto the meteonite, a portion of the\ntimbers of the car were removed,\nthe fro it half of the meteonte\njacked up till the remaining\nportion of the can could be\nforced under it, the front edge\nof the metionite lowered upon\nthe car, then the rear portion\njacked up of the other timbers\nfrom the rear & rebolted to the\nbrought roundt put into position\nothers, them the\nlowered to its position on the car\nThe next thing was to get the ship\nprecisely in position with the\nbridge in just the right position to\nNover the main hatch\nan inch, for the opening of the mann\nhatch was just harely large enough\nto admit the meteorite of the least\nerror in the position of the\nmeteon'te of its can when A\n15-\ncame in over the main hatch\nwould necessitate a great deal\nof trouble in shift g it.\nBy careful manipulation\nof the anchor cable, the stem\nwere made fast to big rocks\n+ how lines & springs which\nashore the Hope was finally\nadjusted to a nicety, the ship\nboard end of the bridge lashed\nfamily down toringholts in\nthe dick, of eye bolts down on the\nship side, then cables mooring\nstoppeds white this was being\nlines all act Taut & carefully\ndone the old bent rails & aplus-\ntered tumbers from last year\nwere laid across the\nend of the bridge behind\nthe metion te & loaded with\nsome fiftern toux of bistoms\n168\n*\nE very man a hund had his\nstation + knew his worls. The\nchip E megineer had charge of\nthe joichs, the Captain of the\nbarteder leaving are the but an\neye un everything.\n16_\nas a counterpoise ranchor\nNothings were there attached to the can\nTwo heavy tackles\nof the ends carried to the drums\nof the stam winch on board,\nlat position behind the car\nT two jacks placed in a horizon\nagainst head, the heavy bridge cross\nwith their pases resting\nslush the rails with a heavy\nNothing remained now but thick to\nmisture of tallow of soap\nawait the proper stage of the tide,\nstart the huge mass with\nthe jacks + wash in inhaard\nwith the tackles if they could\nhandle it, or if from, push it in\nwith the jacks.\nof waiting for the tide\nThe internine of an hour or Two\n168\n* E very man a hund had his\nstation + knew his worh. The\nChip E megineer had charge of\nthe joichs, the Caplain of the\nbacketer leaving are the but an\neye un everything.\n11-\nwas utilized in making\nsome photographs of the great\nmass, the which, the bridge it the\nfirst railwad in Evenland\nas well as of the ships crewx\nthe gang of Eskimo navvies\nwho had assisted in one of the\nmost unique & remarkable\nepisodes of artic work.\nwith while Mrs. Peary & Capt Barttett\nCCL last the tide was right of\nat the levers of the jacks started\nthe monster toward the ship,\nthe baby dashed a little bottle\nof wine against it of christened\nmanued pushed by the Engine room\nit thrights then the jacks\nforce mished it shadily tab\nforward to the edge of the pier,\nitem the which started &\nstrained the heavy tackles\nbe\nfrom the my\nfamory for\nform\n167\nAt this moment every Eshino on\nword ment over the sterm going\nplank to the share\nW with all their are for the ship\nthe sire hormer of\n+ their confidence in me, they could\nnot umercoie the supersatives\nfear that the mountaious resign\nof the Heaven S time would crush\nthe Comiabsoch\n18\nof the huge monster in a\nseries of jumps crept out\nupon the truss As it reached\nhave played a grand march\nthe center a master might\nwith the rigid vibrating\nstrands of the cable for\nwhin strings.\nAs the meteorite reached the\nrail the ship began to list,\nbut not seriously of men\nstationed at every lashing\nlook up all slack the moment\nit appeared. In an hour from\nthe time ih started a motion\nof if hand stopped the winch\nwith the meteorite precisely\nover the main hatch\nThree cheers went up from\nmost heads\neveryone on board & aodou\nas matters now stood the\nwere sent pluring\n19\nship Hope was slightly inclined\nhaving\ntoward the shore, & the bridge\nhad a slight gradint\nfrom the freen down to the\nhatch. The next step was to\nget the bridge out of the ways\nof\nThis had already been pro-\nvided for. Two of the jacks\nwere brought on board\nof placid on deck on the star\nrun out trais full length,\nhoard side of the hatch, one\nunder each of the oak the\ntrubess mist inside of the joint\nlong - sail of the fif-\nsaws were brought with required\nteem foot length\nhow, insested in the joint\nbetween open the rails, intentionally\nleft over about an inch of the\nbridge sawed clean through\n165\nAr the sear parrid nearly\nthrough the last Winker a\nlong sprinted spit and into\nwh part + & F izgins reiring\nthe had afe jumped upon\nthe rail + with a Wow ar the\nsevered the last connection of\nthe Cireat from with to\nland.\nA plea yours of rest it\nwas to reserve ihe was\ndurings.\n20\nsome three feet inside the\nrail. The heavy stone coun-\nterpoise ashou which supported\nthe overhanging end of the\nbridge + prevented the\nsaws from building &\nas the tumbers finally sev\nered, the ship righted easily\nopened + the ends of the big\n+ the values of jacks being\nunders under the meteonite\nlowered until the inboand endo of and\nthe bridge rested true X\nlevel across the waish\nsupporting the meteonite $\nits can precisely over the\nmain hatch.\nIt was evening now, we had been\nungaged upon the meleorite five\ndays working throughout the\nentire day of much of the night\n2/d\nof during this entire time from\nthe moment the Hope came\nalongside the meteorite in a\nblinding snowstown which\nthe next morning had covered\nthe land deep in a should &\nmasked the sea under a\ndense layer of gray slush, ih\nhad been one constant succes\nsion of fog & driving snowsqualls\nThis not only retarded to\nwork very seriously but had a\npronounced moral effect upon\nthe superstitions sailors some\nof the old hands in the crew who\nhad been with me last year\ncalling in meteorite weather\nsaying it was piat the kind of\nweather we had loat year\nwas hoodooed, that are veny\nthat the great hrown thing\nzz\nshould get A on loand or if we\ndid we would never get it home\nship to the bottom it mate mindering\nas h would surely take the\nUnder the circumstances here d could\ncertainly almost forgive their\nsupersations of it was a strange\nbut actual of unseagerated Jock\nthat as the great maso crept slowly\nover the bridge + across the sail,\npatches of Hue oky appeared\noverhead, when at last it rested\nsafely over the main hatch the\nlast the which bound it to the\nland completely severed the\nmidnight sun driving past\nhongoutal rays of the low\nthe clith of dignal mountain\nfell upon the meterite changing\nih into molten dronge, flooded\nthe within cetergs cash of us\n4\n162\nNote lashing the Meteonti to\nthe can with steel chains\nof wedges.\n23\nin light bathed the ragged\nblack creato & great flowing\nindomes of the mountains\nof Prince Regents Bay Im nalloon\nsoah, + Nagloktoo in unspeakable\nthis of 2020 & yellow,\nIt was really as if the demon\nof the Saviksoah had fought\na losing fight accepted the\nresult & yulded gracefully\nin the cabine were numerous &\nThe congratulations that evening\nearneat,\nturned to early, four jacks were\nThe following morning every one\nplaced under each comer of\nthe can it of the meterite lifted\nfrom the rails, holts & spikes now\ndrawn, the Tribero withdrawn one\nby one & the can lowered to short\ntumbers across the deck.\n24\nall the blocks & short trinbers\nwere then passed down through\nthe hatch & arranged in four\nThere attwart ship directly under\nthe halch for lowering the\nmeterite on to the ballast\nBy the middle of the afternoon the\ncan was lowered into the hatch\nfor the ship to steam in smooth\ncombings + in a safe position\nwater which we were certain\nto have in this region with all\nthe incharge about of at 5-o'clock\nthe last lines were cast off the\nHope steamed away from the\nTatural fuer\nC Throughout the forenoon +\nearly part of the afternow\nif had been anowing\nsailors say that we shall\nagain & my superations\n160\nNath formation your in, anywins thoughts of\nspending swite labyroist of\nthe\nablighd to rain $ parrage spile of\nown eight load superved at last,\nStill me were not entirely free.\nDuring our stay at the island the\nyoung ice formed in every inter-\nmal of calin + the last snow\nhave had cemented everything\nin a thick lealting stratum\nIt had heen the regular ling\nfor some an waid\nto look at this daily + them\nat the lahymilt of Thengs\nthrough which it here certain\nby did not sum to he the least\nopening + programaticali that\nme were elvormed 20 spend\nthe minter here.\nBefore leaving the Capton\nB artteble & myself had recommail\nred the field, from he lahaf\nthe island & seen tab here\nwas hit one route\nthe island tal there\n25,\nnoh have clear weather again\nuntil the hatches cover the\nbrown demon perched amid\nships, completely from the light\nof day Now however it was\nclear again of a striking con- -\ntrast to last year when in a\ndriving southeastes I swing\naway from the same avoid place in\nfeverish she haste to escape having\ncrushed me by the tel leaving the\nresisters M emille B ay\n\"big ^ brown demon perched upon\nthe rock & grinning derisively X\nNow my persistence had wou\nafter being three summers at\nthis place I as last had tu\nwating\nprize on board.\nNote praying\nMetion'te doland was Cape\nThey destriation after laving\nSabine but the next morning\noff Nolatenholm Island a\n159\nthrough the more, + even here\nme should have to force a\nnarrow harrier of heres,\nA short distance from the is\nland me gut into a bad\nfurned by the hite + soon\nreached our harrier which\nthough marrow was formidable\nenough, made up of hergs &\nheavy herg pieces. At purshase\nbuid to push a passage through\nmiltiont success We must rain\nthe harrier in spile of our\nugly load. Additional limber\nhraces were put about the me-\nhorite put + it war with\nconsiderable anxiety that frueld\nid the effect of the first\nWaw as the how strick the\nire + milli a erash & quive\nthe It ohe came the a elead state\nThe great massf brejulifed + swand\nThe trubers about the medication it\ncreahed & groaned, the hallast he -\nneath $ cracked & rettled shighty\ncreahed of groaned, to hallast he\na phantoin ship, her elecks deep\nwith snow, her spars, sails26\n+ erystals, regging crusted with the from\nfurious arctic gale descend-\ned upon the ship through which\nshe was barely able to fight\nher way to safety under to\nleeof the island where ohe\nbodged back of for th time for thirty\nsex hours Dufined x + my faithful\neskinos worked like miners\nin our timber cage under the\nmeteorite lowening it with\nthe hydraulic joicks rich by\ninch foot by foot in order to\nget it low enough not to my're\ntigs time the purious howled brough the\nthe stability of the the ship white all\nuperatiboyo oneo on board were\nnow shreighty more at perm by convine d than\nthe rigging as of the deman of the Sambrel\nreach home + that this stom\nbefore that we \" should never\nwas but a warming fro the\ndemon of the Sanksoah,\nSeveral days Cater in the harbor\n158\nbut no servious results accured\n+ as me had me alternative\nthe engines were reversed of\nme hacked out for emailer\nWow. Cireat pieces were when\noff + sucked out by the draft\nlast her how like a massive\nof the ships backing, till at\nnuedge could he forced in\nbetween his hergs + with\nengines going at full speed\ngradually farce tem apart\nlude lowly with me squared through,\nthe fromen Whe rochs - each\nside rasping from slein to stere\n+ as to latter cleared them\nthe plying propullor Wocles struch\nance an twice, sending wrocegh\nout the ship a resonant changer\nprice as the hellow of frame\nhells on a minters night\nIt was our hear of uscafe.\n27\nof Godtham the greatmans\nwas lowered to the desired\nposition with a frim bed\nof ballast three or four feel\nin thickness between the\nCan & the keelow K the remain\nder of the balloat packed\nsolibly about is the great\nbelow + stowed closely for\nuniters of the bridge passed\ntaft against the ships aides\nof from these nuerous 12 mich\nstreets carried to the meterite\nwedged & spiked in place until\nthere was no possibility for\nthe great mass to more unless\nthe ship rolled enough to let\nit drop out of the hatch.\nin this hander to make the ship\nEvery possible thing was done\nhe feathy anug of him for\n28\ncrossing the that for our\nlast years experience had\ntaught us what to expect\nfortunate it was that every\npossible precaution was taken\nfor before we were across a\nfierce northweater descended\nupon the ship & during one\nlong night she the solled &\npitched before great seas\nwhile more than one andious\nheart an board was certain\nthat every wave shock that\ngreat mass had carsus brokeng loose\nthe ships side of that they would\nof was amashing alway chrough\nnever see the moving light\nagain, Ho a matter of fact the ship\nrolled beautifully with an even\nbow, ant swing & though the\n29\nbulwarks of the starboard how\nwere smashed by a sea &\nonce her waish filled with\ngreen water to the sail level\nyet with every thing including\nthe hawes holes to the cable\nlockers battered down no\nlistle water taken in.\nserious damage was done 1\nThe next morning at day hight\nwater under cape Mercy.\nwe were atraining in smooth\nIf later transpired that there\nwere whose on board who had\nbegun to worry about it the\nmeterite long before came\non hand some in the parties\nlanded on the upward voyage\nhad serious meagining do to\nthe ship ever returning D them.\nAfter the multing\nNote constant forthating of young\nice while at the Anetemented\nlutting cafe Note the arries -\nNote about Circuly Canh\nhing the Nall Star Bay B\n4\nNote faremell of natures\nhap their help on meterite is\nSept. -\nProctically\nArmon Plate\nNatture of and\nWine Balleta personatic\nBall\nobservations olisers the\nSapray\nfule\nNate retending of meterite\nT22\nNeeple\nAfter this nothing of moment\naccurred though the presence\nof such an enommous man\nof nickel stul on hard\nrevelved the compare\nuseless + comfilled us w\nhug the wast all the may\nhark he S your where the\nhope arrived in safety\nSept. R\nProdically rame compasition or our\nArmar Plate\nDescription of\nNote use of coal\nWine Bulletin Press Arrociation\nBaldwin of photoses tidal\nobtervations\nWarking chroegh form\nDella fude\nNate resource of meleorite\nOteopatries Needle\nFirst railway Careenland\n(Note) The history of these Peary\nmelearites the last + largest of which\nis now and its way to New York is\nexceptionally interesting + unique.\nyou 1818 the ships of Sir John Ross, caught\nin the ice near C. Yorks were visited by\nsome members of a premiously entirely we-\nknown tribe of Artic abariguies in whose\npossession were nutice rude knines with cubling\nedger of in which they said they had ab-\ntained from an \"from Mountain\" in the elepths\nof whille Bay Analyses of the irom\nshamed ih to contain nickel inem, indicating\nmetione origin + exciling the greatesh in -\ntrest.\nSomewhere in the forties the King\nof Denn ank made an attempt to obtain\nthese aerolitis + authorized an expedition\nfor that purpose but nothing came\nof the effort.\nThe officers of the North Star, one\nof the Franklin search ships which\npassed the writer of 49+50 in Wol-\nstuholen Sound, north of Cape york,\nwere unduccesful in finding the\niron, + the same may he said of\namerican of the whaling which\nthe various expeditions, Sughsh +\nhave visited these waters during\nNoyage now of them came any\nthe fifty years following the Ross\nmarer to-thear than Ross himself\nto a solution of the mystery\nBaron Nordensjold's ship went to\nCape york for the express purpose of\nthe valuable specimen butreturned\ndiscovening + if possible of securing\nunancessful The British Museu\nspecially & interested\nin the matter tone of the special\nobjecto of the optendid English archi\nExpedition of 1875-76 was to dis-\ncover + secure the unique objects\nThis expedition like the others failed\nto locate the mysterious iron.\nIn may 1894 Peany who,\nduring his sojourn in these regions\nhad barned all about these\nmeteonitis from the Eskimos made\nfrom headquarters,\na two his hundred mile sledge journey\nby Lee & an Esking driver, located\n+ examined the great masses, the\nfirst white man to look upon them\nyear he attempted to get them\nLate in august of the same\non board his ship the faloon\n& send item home but he could\nnob get within thirty miles\non account of the ice.\nIn 1895 in the Kite he succe Es\nin getting the two smallr ones\non board of bringing them to\nN.Y. where they have been stored\nsince,\nOn 1896 in the Hope, a larger\nship he succeeded in getting near\nthe third of largest of the meterites\nmoved it to the shore, a distance?\n* excavated it from its bed +\na quarter of a mile when the\nfailure of his jucks + its in-\nrush of the melvelle Bay ice com-\npelled him to get out with all\ncrushed in due ice.\nspeed to savey his ship from heing\nThis year with the same ship item\nmeteonite has been embarked + is\nnow on its way to N.Y.S\n[misert here pages 1-2-3-401 the \"Saviksue\"\npaper.] [follow with mss. just\nwritten work of 97] [misert Description of\nthe Savikoue + their Aiti\". 4/2 pages from\nSanksue Paper.]\n[ unsert material from 2nd 3rd, 4th 9th, 10th\n11th 12th, + 13th pages of \"History, Notes, +\nspeculation Saviksue Paper.] ]\n[ wisent \"Resume of Points of special\nInterest\", from Saviksue Paper.] .]\n[misert \"Proposed Group from S, P.]\n7X10 70\n6\n426\n210,000\n2\nI\nBAL\n- -IRONSTONE-\nLeaving the settlement of Omunni about 9 P.M. of the\nof\nKite steamed westward out of Wstenholm Sound\nthrough rain and dense fog. The next morning found us near\nC. York and steaming against a fresh southeasterly breeze. No ice\nwas visible within our limited horizon. Rounding the well known\nCape the tupics of the natives were found in their usual location\nnear the angle of the first glacier on the west side of the Bay.\nWhat was most unusual, every man, woman and child was apparently\nasleep, for not a soul was visible and only when the Kite's whistle\neight\nwoke the echoes did the tupics pour forth their numerous occupants.\nA zone of medium sized pans lay off the shore.\nThe anchor\nwas dropped just off the tupics and a boat immediately sent ashore.\nArrangements were speedily effected for the available men of\nthe village, 10 in number to go on board the Kite, and assist\nin the work of removing the ironstone, while the women during our\nabsence to the eastward were to clean our recently acquired\nwalrus skins.\nThe skins had scarcely been landed when the\nice under the influence of the increasing southeasterly wind began\nto pack in upon the Kite and against the shore, conpelling a hasty\ndeparture, the last of the men reaching the Kite after she was in\nmotion by jumping from pan to pan.\n- 2 -\nWhile ashore I had obtained one or two glimpses eastward\nthrough the occasionally lifting clouds and fog and apparently thee\nwas no ice as far as Bushnan I.\nWith sanguine feelings which the extremely disagreeable\nweather could not materially affect we steamed in the teeth of the\ngale across C. York Bay to the islands; along them and the main\na\nshore, then into Sainksooh Bay still without encountering ice.\nAs we approached the familiar little eastern arm, the winters ice\nwas seen stretching entirely across the bay, and it looked as if\nafter getting this far we were yet to be stopped several miles\nfrom the object of our visit.\nBut Captain Bartelett's keen eyes detected a lead some\ndistance up the Bay and going around Knob I. we gained this lead\nand after ramming the Kite her length into the edge of the land\nfloe put out the ice hooks and made her fast, a mile from the shore.\nAccompanied by Captain Bartlett and Mr. Diebitsch, each armed with\na boat hook to assist in crossing the leads and pools of water we\nwent over the side, crossed the ice passed up the little valley\nand once more I stood beside the famous meteor.\nWith the snow now malted away from the meteor and its\nsurroundings, it was possible to obtain a clear idea of the dif-\nworkof\nof\nficulties incident to the transporting the great mass to the ship.\n^\n- 3 -\nI was pleased to find that the stone was not larger than\nI had already supposed it to be, the excavation of the previous\nhaving determined\nyear its maximum dimensions. The continued existence of a large\nsnow drift in the little valley between the meteor and the head of\nthe bay also was a valuable point in our favor. Yetbthe several\nhundred feet of road distance between the meteòr and the upper\nlimit of the drift, thickly covered with genissose boulders of\nall sizes, and the wide ice foot lead separating the main ice of the\nBay from the shore presented difficulties which I could see would\nie\ncall forth De bitsch's exceptional resources and energy to overcome.\nAfter a briaf reconnoissance of the field we returned to the ship.\nThe next morning we visited the second stone located out\non the island, and excavated about it sufficiently to get an idea O\nof its size. The features of location were largely in favor of\ned\nthis stone as it was near a shore which was not blockaded with ice,\nand which the Kite could come close alongside of. Its enormous\nsize however rendered it extremely doubtful if we could handle it\nwith the appliances at our command. On the way back to the ship\nit was decided that in the afternoon forces should be divided.\nMr. Diebitsch taking a couple of jacks and two or three men to\nthe first stone visited, while I returned with the rest of the\njacks and some men to the large stone. The attempt would be made\n- 4 -\nto start both meteors from their beds and in this way an accurate\nestimate of the relative weights would be obtained and on returning\nto the Kite and comparing notes a decision could be arrived at as\nto which one our full forbe should be concentrated upon. The\nmonster\nafternoons work on the big stone showed it to be more of a meteor\nthan was at first supposed. Two ten ton jacks under one end\nhardly succeeded in starting the mass slightly from its bed and\nthis was effected at the expense of the ruin of one of the jacks\nand crippling the other. The afternoon at the other meteor was\nmore satisfactory. One jack easily lifted it from its bed, and\na second smaller meteor, the one described to me by the natives as\nabout the size of a dog was located. The next morning the engineer\nforce went to the large meteor with a view to drilling it and\nblasting off a piece, while all the remaining available force was\ntaken to the other meteors by Mr. Deibitsch.\nBefore night the smaller meteor was safe on board having\nbeen dragged on a rough sledge over the stones, down the snow drift\nferried across the shore lead on a cake of ice then hauled over\nthe ice to the ship. The other meteor had been blocked up ready\nto be loaded upon its sledge. The following day the sledge for\nthe large meteor was constructed the meteor placed upon it and\n- 5 -\nlashed down, a rough plank tramway laid along a rude roadbed which\nthe Eskimos had been constructing by removing some stones and fill-\ning in holes with others, and over this tramway the big mass was\ngradually transported on iron runners to the snow bank.\nEarly the next morning before the sun had begun to thaw\nthe surface of the snow it was moved down to the head of the bay,\nand in the aftermoon ferried across the lead on a huge cake of ice\n40' long 20' wide and 7' thick. A partial dock had to be cut in\nthe thin edge of the harbor floe to receive this novel ferry boat.\nThe following day the big brown prize was brought alongside and\nafter a narrow escape from loss by the breaking of the ice along-\nside was hoisted safely on board and stowed in the hold. Up to\nthis last day the weather had been everything that could be desired\nclear, calm and war m though new iee formed every night. Now it\ncame in foggy again and the next morning as we steamed over to\nthe island to see what could be done with the third specimen it\nwas still undecided what to do. The Kite was brought close along\nshore under the site of the stone and everyone landed to have\nanother view of the stranger. It seemed as if it had actually\nlast saw\ngrown since we had seen it, and it was very evident that with\nour appliances we could do nothing with it as a whole. The other\nalternative was to drill and attempt to blast a piece off and this\nn\n- 6 -\nwork was immediately commenced. When the work was well under way\nI selected the five least effective Eskimos for a boat crew leav-\ning the others to assist in working the drill, and taking Profs.\nSalisbury and Nyche with me in the whale boat started for C. York\nto await there the arrival of the Ship, It was now so late in the\nseason that the ship once through with the meteors could not afford\nto stop for more than a few hours at C. York, and by thus going\nahead Prof. Salisbury would be given ample time to examine the\nglaciers about C. York and Prof. Dyche have an opportunity to\nobtain more specimens. The trip to C. York was made under con-\nditions more favorable than I had anticipated, the settlement being\no'clock\nreached at 5- the next morning and here we remained until 1 A.M.\nFriday when the Kite arrived having failed in its attempt to re-\nmove a piece of the large meteor owing to the extreme toughness\nof the metal. Nevertheless the resultsof this second trip to\nthe meteors had been satisfactory beyond my most sanguine expecta-\ntions.\nThe weather and ice conditions could scarcely have been\nmore favorable. The location, size, shape etc. of three meteorites\nhad been determined carefully, and two of them, thanks to the\nability and anergy of Mr. Diebitsch had been secured while the ex-\nistence of a fourth had been corroborated and its location ascer-\ntained approximately.\n- 7 -\nIn size the three meteore vary widely as will be seen\nfrom the following figures.\nThe smallest is an irregular ellipsoidally rounded mass\nwith dimansions of 27-1/2\" X 19-1/2\" X 10\" an estimated bulk of\n2 cub. ft. and est. weight of 1000lbs.\nThe next larger meteor has dimensions of 4'3\" X 3'3\" X 2'\n(approx.) an estimated bulk of 12 Cub. ft. and weight of 6000 lbs.\nThe third has the huge dimensions of 11.2' X 7.5' X 6'\n( the latter est. but not exaggerated) with an estimated bulk\n180 cub. ft. and a weight from 40 to 50 tons.\nIn appearance and relation to surrounding surface there\nits\nis quite a diversity among the three meteors. The smallest one\nwas lying upon the surface of the ground and though the natives\ntell me that it has been worked but little owing to its greater\nrelative hardness than the larger one it certainly seems to have\nbeen pounded sufficiently to destroy nearly or quite all of the\noriginal surface.\ne\nThe larger meteorits was partially imbedded or perhaps\nit might be said indented in the ground, and while all of its\nupper surface has been worked until there is a well marked burr\nalong the ground line the under part probably preserves the origin-\nal surface characteristics.\n- 8 -\ntes\nThe entire surface in the vicinity of both these meteors\nis thickly covered with gnaissose boulders of all sizes.\nThe third meteorite unlike the others is located on a\nsurface comparatively free from stones, and was almost entirely\nburied in the soil. Only a sort of dorsal fin about 2' high and\nwide and 5' long projecting through the turf, this fin, the color\nthis fin\nof which was a deep rich brown the original meteoric markings,\npittings and three lines of streations were sharp and distinct.\nThe alleged greater hardness of the metal has protected\nthis mass from the attacks of the natives. On the upper surface\nmass\nof the flat portion of the underground were numbers of rust blisters\nand scales, whether due to the greater amount of moisture in the\nground at this place or to a difference in the composition of this\nmeteorite as compared with the other two, was not determined.\nThe elevation of this meteorite was 66' above the ice foot and\nits distance from the shore 204'. The larger of the other two\nmasses was 101.5' above the ice foot and 1611' distant from it.\nOf this distance 407' was over gneissose boulders of all dimensions\nand the remaining 1204' along a bank of deep snow. Between the\nshore and the harbor floe was a lead 100' wide and from the edge 0\nof the floe to the ship the distance was 5478' making a total\ndistance of 1.36 miles that these two stones were moved.\n- 9 -\ndistant\nThe smallest meteorite was 96' from the larger one and\n21' lower. The distance from the shore being the same..\nThere is a fourth mass more to the eastward, farther in-\nland and higher up though no one 00 the. tribe now living has seen\nfathers grandfathers visited it,\nit's its approximate location is known and it is said to be much\nlarger than either of the other three; the old men of the tribe\ncomparing the visible portion of it with one of their tupics.\nTo the eye the appearance of the metal composing the three\nmeteorites seems the same; a dense, tough soft iron or mild steel\nwith silvery luster and resonant as a bell. But that there is a\n? pronounced difference in the amiability of the metal in the three\nmasses is shown conclusively not only by the unvarying statements\nof the natives but by the great pile 60 yards in circumference of\nbroken trap boulders surrounding the 6000 lb meteorite while scarce\nly a score of pieces were scattered about the smallest one and none\nwhatever in the vicinity of the largest. Half excavated half con-\nstructed among the gneissose rocks in the vicinity of the softest\nstone were numerous \"Kang-mah\" or small roofless stone huts occu-\npied by the natives during the mining season. This mass is the\none from which all of the ancient iron supply of this people was\nobtained, and the supposed statements of the natives to the members\nof Capt. Ross's Expedition, that one mass was composed largely of\nP 10 -\na black rock containing nodules of iron were unquestionably im-\nperfectly understood. The hard and dark rock referred to by the\nnatives meant } unquestion bly undoubtedly - } the dark trap rocks\nused in hammering off the small flakes of the metal.\nThe Wister Meteorite\nThe Jesup\n\"\nThe Marie\n\"\n---0-0-0---\nPEARY'S METEORITES.\nHis Reply to Nansen's Light and Airy Remarks\nas to Their Origin.\nTo THE EDITOR OF THE SUN-Sir: As all the\npapers have given considerable prominence to\nthe fact that Dr. Nansen before seeing my Cape\nYork meteorites. or knowing anything as to the\ndetails in regard to them; before he had landed\nin this country, in fact, has settled positively and\noff hand that they are of telluric origin and the\nsame as the Nordenskjold irons. I feel that a\nfew facts as to the points of difference between\nmy meteorites and the Nordenskjold irons may\nbe of interest.\nThe Nordenskjold irons were found in 69° N.\nlat., my meteorites in 76° N. lat. The Nordensk-\njold irons are rough and rusty in external ap-\npearance, with no surface markings differing\nfrom those of any rusty lump of iron, and they\noxidize rapidly, some of them even to complete\ndisintegration. Some it was found impossible\nto preserve; others are kept constantly wet in\nclosed cases.\nThe surface of my meteorite, except where it\nhas been abraded by the Eskimos, has the pit-\ntings, striations, and slightly fused appearance\nof the edges, distinctive of all siderites, and is\nof a rich, smooth, bronze color, unaffected by\nexposure. A small surface on the \" Ahnighito\"\nmeteorite planed in 1895 was this summer still\nbright and uncorroded.\nThe beautiful Widmanstatten figures, the\ncelestial trademark, are as sharp and clear on\nthese Cape York meteorites as if made by a\ngraver's tool, Not only do these markings show\non a polished surface under the action of acid,\nbut on the exterior of the meteorites as well.\nAs regards surroundings, the Nordenskjold\nirons lay in an extensive igneous region at the\nfoot of basaltic cliffs in which are found nodules\nof the same iron, and from which every year\nadditional masses are weathered. My Cape\nYork meteorites rested upon gneissose boulders\nin the midst of a purely gneissose region, which\nextends uninterrupted by igneous or basaltic\nformations for miles about them. Were any\nfurther proof needed, the legends of the Eskimos\nattribute heavenly origin to the masses.\nThe only point in which the Nordenskjold\nirons and my meteorites are similar is that both\nare an alloy of nickel and iron. A simple exam-\nination of the three masses which I have brought\nto this country has been sufficient to convince\nany one conversant with the subject and com-\npetent to form an opinion of their meteoric ori-\ngin. For those who have not seen them the\nfacts as to their surroundings will furnish proof.\nThe fact that nickel iron has been found in situ\nin the basaltic formations in and about Disco\nBay does not prove that all metallic iron from\nGreenland is the same, nor does it preclude the\npossibility of meteorites, such as these Cape\nYork specimens, falling in other portions of that\ncountry several hundred miles distant.\nThe following are statements of facts founded\nupon ample proof, and will survive any mere\nexpr ssions of o inion:\nThe three great masses of iron brought back\nby me from the shores of Melville Bay are sider-\nites (metallic meteorites).\nOne of them is by far the largest known\nmeteorite in the world.\nAll three, but particularly the two smaller\nones, possess a historical and human interest\nsuch as attaches to no others.\nThey were never seen by, nor was their loca-\ntion known, to any white man before my discov-\nery of them in May, 1894.\nR. E. PEARY, Civil Engineer. U.S. N.\nBROOKLYN, N. Y., Oct. 25.\nwas III une game for a short time to-day. but his\nwork was so poor that he was relegated to the\n\"scrub,\" and Dickey was put in at centre. It is\nexpected that Jordan, who played centre\nfor the second eleven all last season against\nGailey, will report for practice this week. If he\ncan be brought into condition quickly he will\neasily displace Booth.\nKelly was carried off the field this afternoon\nwith a twisted ankle, and Breckenridge, left end\non the \"scrub,\" was also injured. Ayres re-\nceived a trial at full back. Wheeler has not\nbeen playing up to the standard lately. Trainer\nMcMasters says that both Cochran and Hille-\nbrand will be in shape to go into the game on\nWednesday against the Elizabeth A. C. Frank\nMorse of the 93 championship team was on the\nfield this afternoon coaching the backs.\nNEW HAVEN, Oct. 25.-Yale's second eleven\nplayed \"horse\" with the 'varsity to-day. The\nformer scored two touchdowns, while the regu-\nlars just escaped being shut out. They man-\naged to get the ball on a fumble and score a\ntouchdown. Rain made the backs slow and\nfumbling frequent. The first eleven. weakened\nby its hard game against the Carlisle Indians,\nwas able todo but little with the \"scrubs,\" who\nwere coached by Foster Sanford. Giant'\nHeffelfinger was again in the \"scrub' line and\nlamed Cadwalader so badly that the big fresh-\nman retired from the field. Brown, the other\nguard, and Allen, tackle, also received slight\ninjuries and did not finish the practice. Dur-\nston was placed at right half back in place of\nBenjamin. Slocovitch was kept at left end and\ndid fine work. Marvin of the \"scrubs\" took\nMcBride's place at full back. Winter, substi-\ntute quarter for the second eleven, was tried on\nthe varsity, and showed up in lively form.\nThe latest rumor on the campus is that Yale\nis likely to play no more games at New York.\nThe faculty, it is said, is displeased with the\ntreatment the eleven received at the hands of\nsome of the papers of that city, and is more\nthan ever in favor of games on simply college\ngrounds.\nITHACA, Oct. 25.-The Cornell 'varsity team\ndid not line up against the scrubs this after-\nnoon, Coach Warner deeming it advisable to let\nthe players have only light signal practice.\nThey are all in good condition, despite Satur-\nday's hard game, and are looking forward ex-\npectantly for the game with Harvard next\nSaturday.\nFootball Events To-Day.\nBerkeley School vs De La Salle Institute, at Berkeley\nOval.\nManhattan College vs. St. Peter's College, at Jasper\nField.\nFootball Notes.\nThe Westerleys would like to arrange Saturday and\nSunday games with teams averaging 125 pounds.\nAddress William Kohn, 644 Sixth avenue.\nThe Lenox football team has election day open. A\nsuitable guarantee will be given to a first-class team.\nAddress F. O'Dowd, 273 West 125th street.\nThe Savoy Football Club would like to arrange a\ngame for Oct. 81, on its grounds, with a team averag-\ning 125 pounds. Address Edward Pfortner, 534 East\n164th street.\nThe Mohawk Club would like to hear from a team\naveraging 125 pounds, to play on Oct. 30 at Prospect\nPark. Address Francis T. Gräpel, manager, 473\nThroop avenue, Brooklyn.\nThe Dreadnaught A. C. has Oct. 30 open to play a\nfirst-class team; game to be played at Crotona Park.\nWill allow travelling expenses. Address H. F. Bres-\nnan, 631 East 139th street.\nSt. Peter's football team has Oct. 31, election day,\nand Thanksgiving Day open, and would like to hear\nfrom first-class teams. Address John J. Meara, 168\nMontague street, Brooklyn.\nThe Union Football Club of Brooklyn would like to\narrange games with teams averaging between 90 and\n95 pounds for Nov. 18 and 20. Address Harry Stoney,\n1185 Herkimer street, Brooklyn.\nBULLETIN\nOF THE\nAMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.\nVol. XXVI\n1894.\nNo. 4\nTHE CAPE YORK IRONSTONE.\nBY R. E. PEARY, C.E., U. S. N.\nThere is always a peculiar interest attaching to those\nstrange bodies, meteors, which, issuing out of the in-\nfinite abyss of universal space, fall upon the earth with\nloud detonations, accompanied by flashes or trails of\nbrilliant light. When one of these visitors from far off\nspace happens to be a mass of pure soft iron, apparently\nurgent\nheaven-sent to supply one of the most indispensable needs\nof the most northerly human beings on the globe-a\ntribe of isolated Arctic aborigines numbering only a\nlittle over two hundred souls literally ice-imprisoned in\nthe gloomy depths beyond the Arctic Circle-and when\nthe existence of such a mass has been a matter of his-\ntoric or legendary knowledge since the discovery of the\ntribe over three-quarters of a century ago, while\nits\ntheir\nprecise location has been unknown, the interest is in-\ncreased tenfold.\nmeterites\nSuch is the interest attaching to the meteor ironstone\nof Cape York, which for unknown years furnished the\n447\n448\nThe Cape York Ironstone.\nancestors of the Arctic Highlanders with the iron for\ntheir knives in return for the simple labor of clipping\noff fragments from the main mass.\nOn the 9th of August, 1818, Capt. Jno. Ross, R.N.,\nimprisoned with his two ships, the Isabella and Alexan-\nder, in the Arctic ice-pack off the desolate northern\nshore of Melville Bay, some twenty-five or thirty miles\nto the eastward of Cape York, was \"surprised by the\nappearance of several men on the ice\ndrawn on\nrudely fashioned sledges by dogs, which they continued\nto drive backwards and forwards with wonderful\nrapidity.\"*\nAfter a great deal' of manœuvring, for a detailed\naccount of which see Ross's original narrative of his\nvoyage, communication was established with these\nindividuals of a hitherto unknown tribe of Hyper-\nboreans, and they were induced to come on board the\nships.\nAmong the scanty possessions of these natives were\ncrude bone knives with cutting edges of iron. The\ndiscovery of this metal in the hands of these isolated\naborigines, who had never seen white men before, and\nhad no idea of the existence of human beings beyond\ntheir own tribe, naturally excited comment. It was\nsupposed that the metal had been obtained from some\nfragments of wreckage, and Ross's armourer thought\nthe knives were made from pieces of iron hoop or flat-\ntened nails. A little later, however, it was understood\nfrom the natives that the iron was procured from a\nmountain near the shore, and that they cut off it with\n* Voyage of Discovery, &c., &c., by Jno. Ross, Capt. R.N., London, 1819-\n4to, page 80.\n— The from Metwrites of C, York —\nValuable or is the collection of spice -\nmens of Aratic fauna brought weak\nmy the K Kili on we last mayorge ce\nwheter which through the liberality\nof Mr Marris K. desup weanner the\npropert of the American Museum\nhere are two objects antsich here\nwhich pursuse claim the depust when\nists of scientists These are the\ne your M relearite chicamered & in\ndays May 1894 + now hrought\nhealth nome to he the particular jumely of\nserve Museum"
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