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Employment Applicants
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Charles E. Goodell Papers
Presidential Clemency Board Subject Files
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The original documents are located in Box 3, folder "Employment Applicants" of the
Charles E. Goodell Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Charles Goodell donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Digitized from Box 3 of the Charles E. Goodell Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library
AIDA CASANAS O'CONNOR
ATTORNEY
Two World Trade Center
New York, New York, 10047
Tel. 488-7074
RESUME
SUMMARY:
A woman lawyer with vast experience in both North
American and Latin American laws. Can read and write English
and Spanish fluently and has working knowledge of French.
Married, three children.
EDUCATION:
Master of Laws (LLM), George Washington University,
Washington, D. C.
Bachelor of Laws (LLB), University of Puerto Rico.
Bachelor of Arts (BA), University of Puerto Rico.
One year graduate courses (Law) at Catholic University
of America, in Washington, D. C. As a candidate for
the J.S.D. Degree, wrote a dissertation which was based
on a comparative study of the New York and Puerto Rican
Workmen's Compensation Laws.
Completed courses in Business Administration at R.C.C.
Suffern, New York.
BAR MEMBERSHIP:
1. Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.
2. Bar of the State of New York.
3. U. S. District Court of Puerto Rico.
4. Supreme Court of the United States.
5. U. S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
BAR ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP:
1. American Bar Association.
2. Federal Bar Association.
-2-
3. Puerto Rico Bar Association
4. New York County Lawyers Association
EXPERIENCE:
September 16, 1974
MEMBER, PRESIDENTIAL CLEMENCY BOARD
to date
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20500
(Presidential Appointment)
As a member of the Board I examined cases of persons who
applied for Executive Clemency and who (i) had been con-
victed of violating certain sections of the Military
Selective Service Act, or rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder, for draft evasion acts committed in the time
period of the Vietnam War or (ii) have received punitive
or undesirable discharges as a consequence of an AWOL or
AWOL related offense during the same time period, or are
serving sentences of confinement for such violations. The
Board makes recommendations and findings to the President
as to whether he should grant Executive Clemency, condition
it upon a period of alternative service, or deny it in any
case.
July 1, 1974
MEMBER, NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE
to
OBSERVANCE OF WORLD POPULATION YEAR,
June 30, 1975
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, D.C.
20520 (Presidential Appointment)
The purpose of the Commission was to promote in the United
States of 1974 as World Population Year. Our task was to
create within the United States a better understanding of
the causes, nature, scope and consequences of the problem
of population growth both national and international, and the
relationship of the problem to the quality of human life.
I served on two committees of the Commission, namely:
(i) Education, and (ii) The Committee for Relations with
Professional Organizations. The Commission had two basic
functions. One was to assist various groups in planning
their own events in observance of World Population Year.
The other was to hold regional conferences on population
and hunger in Washington, D.C. and around the country. The
Commission participated in the H.E.W. Conference on Population
and Education in March, 1975 and in Media Month in April, 1975.
I also participated in the Commission's Report to the President
in June, 1975.
- 3 -
1959
NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF HOUSING AND
to
COMMUNITY RENEWAL, NEW YORK CITY, NEW
date
YORK, (Assistant Counsel)
General Duties: Review, approve and render advice on
legal aspects of all regulations, documents and other matters
regarding organization, development, operation and management
of municipal public housing and urban renewal programs, limited-
profit and limited-dividend housing company operations, Capi-
tal Grant Low Rent Assistance and Non-Profit Housing Corpora-
tion Assistance programs, State Financial assistance under
Neighborhood Parks Program, etc.; examine and approve applica-
tions for financial assistance, loan and subsidy contracts,
proposed leases, permits, licenses and similar documents. Re-
view resolutions and minutes of Housing Authorities, audits
of operations and appointments of Authority members to insure
compliance with law, advice Authorities on legal matters,
advice Commissioner of Housing in regard to pending Federal
and State legislation, pending litigation involving Housing
Authorities and projects, taxpayers suits against State offi-
cials and discriminatory housing practices, as well as such
unique and sensitive problems as housing for United States per-
sonnel.
Analyze and evaluate specific cases involving discrimin-
ation against minority groups under various public housing
programs, as well as in rental or lease of accommodations in
multiple dwellings to persons receiving financial assistance
or support from the State or its political subdivisions. Re-
view and supervise public hearings on application for rent
increases, supervise conduct of eviction hearings involving
tenants and premises under above programs; advice both
Commissioner and Counsel on Landlord and Tenant Condemnation
and Rent Control matters, interpretation of building contracts,
plans and specifications under dispute, application of FHA
Mortgage Insurance to low and middle-income rental and cooper-
ative housing, liability for employee accidents in State-
assisted programs and projects, housing rehabilitation incen-
tives and conflict of interest problems, etc.
- 4 -
Conduct extensive legal research, prepare legal
memoranda and handle related legal work regarding assess-
ments and taxation, contracts, competitive bidding, overall
supervision of public housing authorities, limited-dividend
and limited-profit housing companies and a host of related
legal problems; supervise Senior Attorneys in full range of
associated litigation, render legal opinions and advice to
Commissioner, Counsel, Housing Authorities and various Bureaus
in regard to their powers and duties, allied questions of pre-
cedent and procedure. Advice all concerned parties on inter-
pretation and enforcement of State Building Construction Code
and conduct of associated hearings, temporary financing of
Housing Authority developments from private sources and draft-
ing of legislative proposals. (From 1962 to present time
these duties have been diversified due to appointment of new
personnel. Tasks at present tiem deal primarily with the
legal problems pertaining to the establishment and operation
of housing authorities.)
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION BOARD, SAN JUAN, P. R.
(Deputy Counsel)
In full charge of DEATH CLAIMS under WORKMEN'S COM-
PENSATION BOARD, personally reviewed and determined eligibility
of each claim for compensation, additionally supervising and
reviewing correctness of decisions regarding ACCIDENT CLAIMS;
supervise both Legal Bureau attorneys and Claims Department
personnel in varying numbers as warranted by fluctuating case
load. Continued in duties of TRIAL COUNSEL dealing extensively
in subrogation cases involving negligence on part of third
parties. Throughout this period, tried literally hundred of
major cases before the Industrial Commission, represented the
Fund on appeal before the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico in
about forty key cases; appeared before local courts in prose-
cution of violations of Workmen's Compensation Act, third
party actions for damages and tutorship proceedings, as well
as before U. S. District Court in bankruptcy proceedings to
recover unpaid premiums. Studied and analyzed specific claims
for compensation, prepared formal opinions for signature of
the Administrator.
PRIVATE PRACTICE:
Associated with Dr. Florencio Pagan Cruz in private
practice of law. Advised clients on full range of matters per-
taining to contracts, wills, real property, taxed and domestic
- 5 -
relations, legal aspects of such commercial entities as
corporations and partnerships, wide variety of other legal
problems including Penal Law, conducted and participated in
negotiations, drafted case briefs, memoranda and general
legal documents of all kinds. At this time developed and
presented a full course of specialized instruction in LABOR
PROBLEMS at the University of Puerto Rico, additionally ser-
ved as EDITOR of the Law Review published by the University's
College of Law.
Immediately after above employment, and before appoint-
ment to the New York State Division of Housing and Community
Renewal, was engaged in private practice of law with the firm
of HARLOWE & O'CONNOR, at 291 Broadway, New York City. Active
in civil and criminal cases.
FEDERAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, Washington D. C.
(Attorney)
Conducted exhaustive research into interpretation of
laws, court decisions, Executive Orders, rules and regulations,
presented detailed memoranda on specific problems to concerned
authorities; reviewed and commented on various aspects of pro-
posed and existing legislation, regulations, policy releases
and business instruments, prepared digests of laws, Attorney
General's opinions, provisions of State Constitutions, etc.
Evaluated feasibility of criminal prosecution for violation
of Social Security Act and related statutes.
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD, Washington D. C.
(As Counsel to Board)
Analyzed and studied transcripts of hearings held before
Board and Trial Examiners in union representation cases, wrote
formal decisions appearing in Board's records, prepared wide
variety of detailed factual and legal memoranda, as well as
drafts and opinions for consideration by the Board.
MISCELANEOUS ACTIVITIES:
A. MEMBERSHIP:
1. Ex-member Board of Directors of the Puerto Rico
Capital Corporation.
2. President, Ocaida Corporation.
- 6 -
3. Kappa Beta Pi Legal Sorority.
4. Instituto de Puerto Rico.
5. Citizens Committee for Equal Rights.
6. French Institute.
7. Young Women Christian Association.
8. Comite Pro Ninos Lisiados (Crippled Children).
9. P. R. Free Shoe Fund.
10. Comite Pro-fiesta de San Juan Bautista.
11. Member of the Attorney General's Committee
for the Prevention of Frauds.
12. Coordinator of Spanish-American Women for
Good Government.
13. Member of P. R. Association of Women Voters, Inc.
14. Honorary Member of Puerto Rico Merchants
Association, Inc.
15. General Advisor to local Puerto Ricans on
housing and legal rights. (Speak every Sunday
on related subjects over the radio).
POLITICAL ACTIVITIES:
1. Worked during Governor Rockefeller's campaigns.
2. Worked with Mrs. Preston Davie on the Advisory
Committee for Greater New York during the 1960
presidential campaign.
3. Worked with the Puerto Rican Committee for
Nixon-Lodge with Mr. Rodman Rockefeller who was the
coordinator of this group. I was one of the
speakers and also assisted with Public Relations
(1960)
4. Represented the Puerto Rican community as part of
Nationalities for Nixon-Lodge Committee in Wash-
ington D. C. (1960)
5. Member of Mr. Bernard Newman's Committee of 100
(1961)
6. Have been appointed Deputy Attorney-General of the
State of New York during several electoral campaigns.
7. Was active in the 1960 Congressional Campaign
in Reading, Pa., where I spoke to the local Puerto
Rican Community on behalf of Mr. J. Mantis, the
Republican Congressional candidate.
8. Worked with United Citizens Committee of Lefkowitz,
Fino & Gilhooley (1961).
9. Republican Candidate to 74th Assembly District, 1965.
10. Worked for the candidacy of Bernard Newman for the
Supreme Court Judgeship.
11. Worked during all Congressman Lindsay's Congress-
ional campaigns.
12. Ex-member of the Young Republican Women's Club.
13. Chairman, Spanish-American Women's Committee for
Nixon-Agnew - 1972.
14. Member, National Spanish-American Committee for
the Reelection of the President - 1972.
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
15. Worked with the Spanish-American Committee for
the Election of Senator James Buckley.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet
WITHDRAWAL ID 02002
REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL
Donor restriction
TYPE OF MATERIAL
Personnel Form
CREATOR'S NAME
Robert Knisely
DESCRIPTION
SF171
CREATION DATE
09/1975?
COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID
019300027
COLLECTION TITLE
Charles Goodell Papers
BOX NUMBER
3
FOLDER TITLE
Employment Applicants
DATE WITHDRAWN
11/20/1990
WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST
WHM
17 September 1974
Hon. Charles E. Goodell
12 Elm Rock Road
Bronxville, NY 10708
Dear Mr. Goodell;
May I extend my congratulations on your selection to chair
President Ford's Clemency Review Board.
I know that with appropriate regard for the historical background
of American amnesties, with awareness of political realities, and
with full understanding of the President's charge, you will move
quickly and decisively to resolve the pressing problems facing
the Board.
If there is any way in which I can be of assistance to you in your
monumental task--as an unpaid consultant or as a staff member-- I
am at your disposal. For references as to my qualifications, I
suggest you contact:
Dr. Theodore W. Marrs, Special Assistant to President Ford
Dr. M. Richard Rose, President, Alfred University.
With highest esteem,
W.D Ebel
Wilfred Ebel
2475 Virginia Ave NW
Washington, DC 20037
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
Wilfred L. Ebel
Wilfred L. Ebel was sworn in as a member of the Defense Manpower
Commission on 4 Sep 1974. From Nov 1973 through Aug 1974 he served
with the Guard/Reserve Total Force Study Group in the Office,
Secretary of Defense. In Dec 1973 he was tasked to visit the Min-
istry of Defense, Federal Republic of Germany in connection with
the NATO Rationalization/Specialization programs. He served a
special tour with the Reserve Forces Policy Board in the Office,
Secretary of Defense from July through October 1973.
A graduate of the Army War College, he was one of four Army Reserve
officers selected to attend the 10 month Resident Class in 1972-73.
He graduated from the Army Command and General Staff College in 1968;
other military schools completed include the Industrial College of
the Armed Forces non-resident program. A native of Falls City, NE,
he attended Midland College (NE) and UCLA studying liberal arts and
business administration.
From Jul 1971 to Jul 1972 he worked with the Republican Party in
California and concurrently held the Army Reserve assignment of
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1, 63d Army Reserve Command. During this
period he participated in the Republican National Committee Western
States Seminar, the Army National Strategy Seminar and the Army
World-Wide Information Officers Conference. Mr. Ebel served on
active duty as a member of the Army Staff from Jul 1967 to Jul 1971
as Assistant Executive Officer to the Chief Army Reserve at the
Pentagon.
His military decorations include the Legion of Merit, Meritorious
Service Medal, Joint Services Commendation Medal and the Army Com-
mendation Medal. Among the honors he has received from patriotic
and veterans organizations are the Distinguished Service Citation
from the Reserve Officers Association and the Certificate of Ap-
preciation from the Civil Affairs Associations. His memberships
include the Company of Military Historians, the Reserve Officers
Association, the American Legion, the Association of the United
States Army and the Smithsonian Associates. He has been designated
a "Kentucky Colonel" and an "Admiral of the Nebraska Navy". His
clubs are the Army-Navy Club and the Capitol Hill Club.
The most recent issue of Parameters, the professional journal of the
Army War College carries his article "The Amnesty Issue: A Historical
Perspective". His monograpah "Amnesty For Those Who Wouldn't Go",
prepared for the Strategic Studies Institute, was used by the White
House in 1974 in developing President Ford's amnesty program. The
Sep 1, 1974 issue of the Des Moines Sunday Register (Circ 500,000)
carried a page 1 feature story covering Mr. Ebel's review of previous
American amnesties. He has authored numerous articles on the Guard
and Reserve Forces.
Mr. Ebel also serves as Vice President of the Ebel Alfalfa Company
in Nebraska and manages his personal real estate holdings in
Southern California. A bachelor, his Washington DC address is
2475 Virginia Ave, NW., 20037.
PARAMETERS
THE JOURNAL OF THE US ARMY WAR COLLEGE
HWAR WAR AREY COLLEGE s'n
*
Valley Forge
VOL IV NO 1
NOTES
7. A number of writers, none of them really
THE AMNESTY ISSUE: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
impartial, have written about Custer's raid, and the
1. Dee Brown, Ft. Phil Kearny: An American
"truth" has to be pieced together from their
Saga (New York: Putnam, 1962), pp. 174-75. This is
accounts: Charles J. Brill, Conquest of the Southern
by
one of the most complete accounts of the battle
Plains (Oklahoma City: Golden Saga, 1938); George
between two covers.
B. Grinnell, The Fighting Cheyennes (Norman, Okla.:
LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILFRED L. EBEL, USA
2. Brown, p. 150.
Univ. of Okla. Press, 1956); Don Turner, Custer's
3. Brown, pp. 213-14.
First Massacre: The Battle of the Washita (Amarillo,
4. See John U. Terrell and COL George Walton,
Tex.: Humbug Gulch Press, 1968).
The question of the utility or futility of
States addressed amnesty. They, too, found it
Faint The Trumpet Sounds (New York: D. McKay,
8. William A. Graham, The Story of the Little
amnesty has been posed by the refusal of a
to be an extremely controversial issue, for
1966), pp. 295-310.
Big Horn (2d ed.; Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service
small percentage of America's youth to serve
amnesty has always stirred deep emotions in
5. See the statement of LT E. S. Godfrey, "there
Publishing Co., 1941), p. 19. The definitive account
in the Armed Forces. Some said No to the
American hearts.
was no sign for the justification of the theory,
of the battle is to be found, however, in Edgar I.
Selective Service System-they evaded
By a careful consideration of the motives
insinuation, or assertion that he committed suicide,"
Stewart, Custer's Luck (Norman, Okla.: Univ. of
involuntary induction into the military. Some
underlying past grants of amnesty, perhaps we
collected in William A. Graham, The Custer Myth
Okla. Press, 1955).
said No to a military superior-they call
can anticipate more intelligently the timing,
(Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole, 1953), p. 376.
9. Graham, p. 33.
themselves self-retired veterans; the military
the recipients, and the conditions of any
6. See Bruce A. Rosenberg, "Custer: The Legend
10. See Terrell and Walton, pp. 8-13.
calls them deserters. Other
future proclamation of amnesty. At the very
of the Martyred Hero in America," The Journal of
11. Most conveniently collected in Graham, The
servicemen-volunteers as well as conscripts,
the Folklore Institute, 9 (Fall 1972), 110-32.
Custer Myth, p. 211.
commissioned officers as well as enlisted
men-have been confined to military prisons,
A HISTORICAL REVIEW WILL
convicted of such violations as refusing
assignment to combat duty in Southeast Asia,
REVEAL THE EXTENT TO
soliciting other service personnel to desert,
WHICH AMNESTY HAS BECOME
making disloyal statements, and sedition.
A PART OF OUR POLITICAL
Amnesty for American draft evaders and
HERITAGE
deserters of the Vietnam era is one of the
most sensitive of contemporary issues. To
place this problem in its proper perspective, it
is necessary to set aside the emotionally
least, a historical review will reveal the extent
charged question of the rightness or
to which amnesty has become a part of our
wrongness of US participation in the Vietnam
political heritage; perhaps the insight gained
conflict. Similarly we need not now
from such an examination will contribute to
determine the degree of innocence or guilt of
enlightened opinion concerning the merits of
those who would not go. What must be done
amnesty for those who refused to serve in the
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
is to leaf through the pages of history and
Armed Forces in the 1960's and 70's.
take note of how Washington, Lincoln,
Truman, and other presidents of the United
CONSCRIPTION
Before attempting an analysis of amnesty,
LTC Wilfred L. Ebel, AGC, USAWC '73, attended
Midland College (Nebraska) and UCLA, studying
we will find it useful to explore the nature
liberal arts and business administration. Colonel Ebel,
and background of conscription, since
a reserve officer temporarily on active duty as a
conscription was a primary cause of the
member of the Total Force Study Group at the
Pentagon, has served in a
war-resistance phenomenon. Of ancient
variety of reserve assignments,
origin, conscription is described in the Old
including duty in the Office of
Testament in a dictum of the Lord to Moses:
the Chief of Army Reserve
and on the Reserve Forces
Policy Board in OSD. In
Take a census of all the congregation of
civilian life, he is
Vice-President of the Ebel
the people of Israel, by families, by
Alfalfa Company and manages
fathers' houses, according to the number
real estate in California.
of names, every male, head by head; from
Custer's dawn attack on the Washita.
twenty years old and upward, all in Israel
66
67
35
65
155
formal declaration of war is not required to
66
156
246
validate involuntary induction. The
AS FAR AS THE PUBLIC
157
17
247
conscientious objector is not given the legal
INTEREST IS CONCERNED,
68
158
248
option of refusing to serve his country,
ONCE AMNESTY HAS BEEN
39
69
159
#
249
though he may qualify for a noncombatant
GRANTED, IT IS AS IF THE
70
160
19
250
military assignment or be eligible to perform
71
161
231
civilian work in lieu of military service. But he
CRIMINAL ACT HAD NOT BEEN
19
COMMITTED.
252
must serve. Those who defy the Selective
Service law are subject to fine, imprisonment,
or both.
amnesty obliterates the crime itself. The
AMNESTY: DEFINITION AND PURPOSE
Supreme Court stated in Burdick vs. United
States, 236 US 79 (1915): "The one
Amnesty, a concept of public
(amnesty) overlooks offense; the other
law
which means forgetfulness or
(pardon) remits punishment." Generally,
oblivion and implies an act of the legal
pardon is extended to individuals while
sovereign conceding, from grace, a
amnesty is offered to categories of offenders.
voluntary extinction from memory of
American presidents, however, have
certain crimes committed against the
commonly used the words "amnesty" and
state. It is a legal oblivion, usually of
"pardon" interchangeably; hence, that
political offenses.³
practice will be followed here. Thus, many
Presidential "amnesties" were in fact acts of
Amnesties may be classified as general or
individual pardon.
particular, and as absolute or conditional:
Article 2, Section 2 of the Constitution
confers the authority to pardon upon the
first, general or particular, that is,
President:
US ARMY
they may demand the performance of
certain conditions before their provisions
The President shall have Power to
enter into legal effect.4
grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences
against the United States, except in Cases
Secretary of War Baker drawing a number for the WWI draft, the Nation's first large-scale conscription.
Individuals and organizations urging
of Impeachment.5
amnesty for draft evaders and deserters
consistently upheld the constitutionality of
generally cite the purpose of amnesty as being
President Washington and several of his
who are able to go forth to war, you and
Aaron shall number them, company by
compulsory service. Although conscription is
the restoration of national unity.
successors used this Section as Constitutional
an encroachment upon personal freedom, the
Traditionally, this healing of social wounds by
authority to issue proclamations of amnesty.
company.¹
legal consensus has unswervingly been that it
a restoration of political and civil rights to
Congress also has the authority to amnesty
The Continental Congress resolved on 18 July
is a justified method of maintaining those
former enemies of the State has been the
Federal offenders:
armed forces necessary to safeguard the
purpose of amnesty. Among the more
1775
Nation's freedom and to fulfill international
militant resisters, contemporary references to
Congress cannot limit the effects of
commitments. It has been held that Congress
conditional amnesty are sometimes construed
Presidential amnesty. On the other
That it be recommended to the
possesses the power to conscript the Nation's
as meaningless political sloganeering or as
hand, Congress itself, under the necessary
inhabitants of all the united English
citizenry not only to wage war, but to
deceitful plots designed to divide the
and proper clause, may enact amnesty
colonies in North America, that all able
maintain an adequate peacetime army. A
resistance community by proposing the
laws remitting penalties incurred under
bodied effective men, between sixteen
inclusion of draft resisters but not military
the National Statutes.⁶
and fifty years of age in each Colony,
deserters.
immediately form themselves into regular
Amnesty effectively wipes the slate clean.
Let us turn to a review of amnesty practices
companies of Militia, to consist of one
THE UNITED STATES SUPREME
As far as the public interest is concerned,
from the earliest days of the republic.
captn, two lieutenants, one ensign, four
COURT HAS CONSISTENTLY
once amnesty has been granted, it is as if the
serjeants, four corporals, one clerk, one
UPHELD THE CONSTITU-
criminal act had not been committed. Pardon
AMNESTY UNDER WASHINGTON AND ADAMS
drummer, one fifer, and about 68
TIONALITY OF COMPULSORY
differs from amnesty in that it is a remission,
privates.²
SERVICE.
in whole or in part, of punishment, while
Looking back through American history,
The United States Supreme Court has
68
69
we find that the Executive and the Legislative
MADISON: AMNESTIES, DESERTERS,
Nor does his motive appear to meet the
branches of government have been neither
AND PIRATES
generally accepted purpose of amnesty, which
hasty nor generous in exercising the amnesty
is to restore national unity. Rather, the
power. The first presidential pardon in
During his tenure as president, Madison
deserters still at large were characterized as
American history covered individuals in
issued amnesty proclamations on four
unworthy and undeserving of redemption
western Pennsylvania who were at odds with
occasions: 7 February 1812, 8 October 1812,
through subsequent military service.
the Federal government over payment of
17 June 1814, and 6 February 1815. The first
taxes. President Washington viewed the
three were granted with the understanding
CIVIL WAR AMNESTIES
Whiskey Rebellion as a "contest whether a
that the deserters had "become sensible of
small portion of the United States shall
their offense and desirous of returning to
Current pro-amnesty polemicists frequently
dictate the whole Union." By a proclamation
duty."10 To receive pardon, deserters were
cite Civil War amnesties as precedents for a
published 25 September 1794, Washington
required to surrender at a military post. These
liberal amnesty policy towards the
promised to treat "with the most liberal good
three pardons may have been intended to
Vietnam-era military dissidents. While there
faith" those offenders who would henceforth
return deserters to duty so that they could
obey the law. His follow-up proclamation of
participate in the war with Great Britain.
10 July 1795 extended pardon to those
Madison's 1815 Proclamation is unique
insurrectionists who had followed the terms
with respect to the class of offenders
WHILE THERE WERE SEVERAL
of his earlier proclamation.⁷
pardoned-it is specifically addressed to Jean
AMNESTIES ISSUED DURING
In 1799 Pennsylvania was again the scene
Lafitte's pirates:
AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR,
of insurrection. The laws pertaining to the
THEY WERE RESTRICTIVE
valuation of houses and land precipitated the
provided, that every person claiming
insurrection which became serious enough to
full benefit of this pardon in order to
require troop intervention. President Adams,
entitle himself thereto shall produce a
by his Proclamation of 21 May 1800,
certificate in writing from the governor of
were several amnesties issued during and after
pardoned all insurrectionists except those
the State of Louisiana stating that such
the Civil War, they were restrictive and the
then under indictment or standing convicted.
person has aided in the defense of New
Orleans and the adjacent country during
US ARMY
use of this type today certainly would not
Adams stated that future prosecutions were
satisfy amnesty spokesmen. For example,
unnecessary since "peace, order, and
the invasion thereof as aforesaid.
Confederate leaders remained unamnestied
submission to the laws of the United States
were restored, the ignorant, misguided,
While most amnesties have dealt with war
Andrew Jackson
until 1898, having been barred by the
Fourteenth Amendment from holding
and misinformed counties [having] returned
dissenters, Madison amnestied pirates who
military or civil office. 13 Although never
to a proper sense of their duty."⁸
came to the aid of their country. Lafitte's
duty. An excerpt from the General Order
brought to trial, Jefferson Davis was
men had spurned a cash offer by the British,
suggests that forgiveness, compassion, and
imprisoned at Fortress Monroe from 10 May
THOMAS JEFFERSON
choosing instead to join with General Jackson
generosity were not the most compelling
1865 to 13 May 1867. Present-day amnesty
at the Battle of New Orleans.
motives underlying the grant of amnesty to
advocates argue that America cannot afford
Although Washington pardoned
deserters not then under military control:
to force war resisters to remain underground
participants in the Whiskey Rebellion and
AMNESTY UNDER JACKSON
or in self-exile because the country will then
Adams issued pardons to certain Pennsylvania
It is desirable and highly important that
be deprived of their potential leadership.
insurrectionists, Thomas Jefferson was the
Probably the most liberal amnesty granted
the ranks of the Army should be
Analogously, Jefferson Davis most certainly
first US president to grant a pardon to
to military deserters in American history was
composed of respectable, not degraded,
could have served as a Senator from
military deserters. On 15 October 1807
the amnesty extended by President Andrew
materials. Those who can be so lost to the
Mississippi after the Civil War. But it would
Jefferson offered deserters full pardon in
Jackson in 1830. Jackson, acting through
obligations of a soldier as to abandon a
have been necessary for him to seek
exchange for their surrender to the military
Secretary of War Eaton, declared the amnesty
country which morally they are bound to
restoration of the privilege to hold such
and return to duty. Twelve days after signing
after Congress had repealed the law imposing
defend, and which solemnly they have
office, and he apparently was unwilling to
the proclamation, in the Seventh Annual
the death penalty for peacetime desertion.
sworn to serve, are unworthy, and should
recant and take the necessary oath of
Message of the President to the Senate and
War Department General Order Number 29,
be confided in no more. 12
allegiance. Davis was still barred from holding
the House of Representatives, Jefferson cited
issued 12 June 1830, provided that deserters
office at the time of his death in 1889. 14
circumstances which "seriously threatened
under sentence of death and all deserters
President Jackson's attitude toward the
During the confusion prevailing during the
the peace of our country."9 Thus, it may be
remaining unapprehended were to be
unapprehended deserters does not appear to
early stages of the war, a great many persons
conjectured that Jefferson offered the
discharged from the service and barred from
meet the generally accepted definition of
were detained as political prisoners by the
pardons as a means of building up the size of
future enlistment. Personnel who were under
amnesty-that is, forgetfulness of the offense.
Union. Some of those detained had in fact
the Army in a time of national peril.
arrest for desertion were to be returned to
70
71
absentees from the United States for the
purpose of aiding the rebellion. 20
RETAIL
A promise of conditional amnesty was
extended by the War Department on 3 July
1866 to Union Army deserters, provided they
LIQUORS SEGARS
THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, NEW YORK CITY
surrendered before 15 August 1866.2
Although the Civil War ended in the spring
of 1866, it was 7 September 1867 before
Johnson announced a further amnesty. Once
again, an oath of allegiance was a
precondition. While Johnson's first amnesty
excepted 14 classes of persons from
eligibility, few were excluded under the 1867
Proclamation. Principal exclusions were high
officials of the Confederacy, persons in
confinement or on bail, and individuals
US ARMY
involved in the assassination of President
Lincoln. 22
Shortly after the conclusion of his
President Lincoln.
impeachment trial, Johnson discussed a
further amnesty with his Cabinet. The idea of
New York City Draft Riots, 1863.
a universal amnesty for all rebels was seriously
amnestied. An oath of allegiance was again
considered but finally rejected. Jefferson
made a prerequisite to the grant of amnesty.
Davis and others indicted for treason or
aided the Confederacy while others had not;
I, do solemnly swear, in the presence of
General Grant permitted deserters to proceed
felony were excluded from the amnesty
still others had second thoughts about their
Almighty God, that I will henceforth
to their homes and remain exempt from
earlier support of the Confederacy. President
faithfully support, protect, and defend
military service if they took the required oath
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
Lincoln, acting through Secretary of War
the Constitution of the United States and
and if their homes were within Federal lines. 19
A PROCLAMATION.
Stanton, issued the first Civil War amnesty on
Union of the States thereunder 18
Lincoln acted again by Presidential
14 February 1862, releasing these individuals
Proclamation on 11 March 1865, offering
provided that they agreed to take an oath of
Lincoln specifically excluded Confederate
pardon to all Union deserters who returned to
WHEREAS, the President of the United States, on the 8th day of December, A.
allegiance.
leaders from eligibility. Most important, the
military duty within 60 days and who served
D. eighteen hundred and sixty three. and on the 26th day of March, A. D., eighteen
15
Proclamation provided that any Confederate
a period of time equal to their enlistment.
hundred and sixty four, did, with the object to suppress the existing rebellion. to induce
The Confiscation Act of 17 July 1862
all persons to return to their loyalty, and to restore the authority of the United States,
contained a section authorizing the President
state could be returned to the Union when
This pardon may not have been the result of
issue lamations offering amnesty and pardon to certain persons who had directly or
to amnesty persons "who may have
subscribers to the oath equalled in number
Presidential initiative; more likely it was a
by implication participated in the said rebellion: and whereas many persons who had NO
participated in the existing rebellion. Such
not less than 10 percent of the number of the
response to a law passed by the Congress
in said rebellion, have. since the issuance of said proclamations, failed or neg-
authority, of course, was superfluous
state's voters in the 1860 Presidential
taking citizenship away from deserters and
inasmuch as Lincoln already possessed such
election. Thus, Lincoln's Proclamation
requiring that the President issue a
tablish rules and regulations for administering and
the
benefit people, and guard the
powers by Constitutional fiat. By Presidential
appears to have been designed mainly as an
proclamation offering pardon subject to terms
government against fraud.
Proclamation of 10 March 1863, he allowed
instrument to erode support for the
similar to those contained in the 1865
deserters to return to their military unit
Confederate effort by offering conditions
Presidential Proclamation.
Is TRITIMUNY WHEREOF, I have hereunto net my hand, and caused the seal of the
without punishment save forfeiture of pay
under which a seceded state could be restored
On 29 May 1865, shortly after his elevation
United States to be affixed.
and allowances for the period of their
to the Union. This Proclamation was clarified
to the Presidency, Johnson published the first
absence. 17
on 26 March 1864 with the announcement
of his series of amnesties. It applied to
Done at the City of Washington, the twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, and of the
In December 1863 Lincoln offered pardon
that certain persons (mainly prisoners of war)
persons who had participated in the
Independence of the United States the eighty ninth
to certain individuals who had participated in
were not eligible for amnesty.
Rebellion, and an oath of allegiance was
the Rebellion. Such individuals could be
required. Of the 14 classes of persons declared
By THE PRESIDENT:
A War Department General Order issued in
Johnson
pardoned only by subscribing to the following
February 1864 established conditions under
ineligible for amnesty, one is of special
NATIONAL ARCHIVES
oath of allegiance:
interest:
Villan
which Confederate deserters could be
all persons who have been or are
Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation of 29 May 1865.
72
73
announced 4 July 1868. A political motive
No general amnesty followed World War I,
Most of those who benefited by the
can be perceived in this amnesty, since it was
World War II, or the Korean War. On 15
proclamation were religious conscientious
issued on the opening day of the Democratic
December 1923 President Coolidge
objectors. Others were Japanese Nisei,
National Convention. However, Southerners
commuted the sentences of all prisoners who
draft evaders who subsequently served
apparently resented the restricted scope of
had been convicted for opposing the
honorably in the armed forces, and others
the amnesty, for Johnson failed to receive the
government and the Selective Service during
who proved that their evasion was due to
Democratic nomination. 23
World War I. The pardons were rooted in
ignorance. 32
On Christmas Day 1868, Johnson extended
recommendations submitted to the President
by a committee appointed by President
A partial remission of prison sentences was
to all and to every person who,
Harding before his death in August 1923. The
involved in only three cases: the remaining
directly or indirectly, participated in the
committee, composed of ex-Secretary of War
1520 pardoned had already completed their
late insurrection or rebellion a full pardon
Baker, Bishop Brent, and General Harbord,
terms. 33 Interestingly, a New York Times
and amnesty for the offense of treason
was formed after President Harding had been
editorial commented favorably on the severe
against the United States or of adhering
subjected to political pressure to release the
action of Truman's Amnesty Board:
to their enemies during the late civil
prisoners. The Coolidge decision, which
war
24
affected only 31 prisoners, was announced
after Presidential consultation with the
It stated a principle that is fundamental
With respect to draft dodgers, no action was
Attorney General. 27 Senators Pepper and
in a democracy, where the majority rules
ever taken granting them amnesty.
Borah and the American Civil Liberties Union
with due regard for the rights of a
By legislation in 1896, Congress enabled
had led the pro-amnesty faction in this
former Confederate military officers to seek
battle. 28
US ARMY
minority, when it decided that it would
not recommend restoration of civil rights
commissions in the US Armed Forces. The
A few months later, on 5 March 1924,
to those persons who "thus have set
law may have ensued from Congressional fear
President Coolidge, acting upon the advice of
President Roosevelt.
themselves up as wiser and more
that differences with Great Britain were about
his service secretaries, restored citizenship
competent than society to determine
to come to war. Many ex-Confederate officers
rights to approximately 100 military
4-year prison sentence for draft-dodging. But
their duty to come to the defense of the
were in their declining years by this time and
deserters. However, this action did not cover
another son, Grover, who had fled the United
nation.
"34
probably would have proven of minimal value
military personnel who deserted prior to the
States to avoid the draft, remained outside
had a conflict erupted. 25
World War I Armistice, nor did it remit or
the pale of amnesty since persons who had
America's most recent amnesty came in the
In June 1898 President McKinley signed
commute court-martial sentences. Only those
evaded indictments or sentences were not
midst of the Korean War. On 24 December
the final amnesty bill for Confederates. This
who deserted after 11 November 1918 and
within the purview of the Proclamation. 30
1952 as he began to prepare to vacate the
bill, no doubt prompted by the war with
before 17 November 1921 benefited by the
Several thousand former convicts were the
White House and return to civilian life,
Spain, repealed the bar imposed by Section 3
Proclamation. Secretary of the Navy Denby
beneficiaries of a Christmas Eve Proclamation
President Truman restored civil rights to all
of the Fourteenth Amendment.
apparently had convinced President Coolidge
issued by President Truman in 1945. The
persons convicted of having deserted between
that loss of citizenship was an "uncommonly
President restored citizenship rights to
15 August 1945 and 25 June 1950. No
TWENTIETH-CENTURY AMNESTIES
harsh and severe" punishment for desertion
ex-convicts who had served at least one year
pardon, remission, or mitigation of sentence
after the fighting had ceased. 29
in the military after 28 July 1941 and were
was involved; the sole effect of Truman's
The first US amnesty of the twentieth
In a 23 December 1933 proclamation
subsequently awarded honorable discharges.
action was to restore citizenship. An
century was President Theodore Roosevelt's
affecting only those who had served prison
Included in this amnesty were over 2,000
estimated 8,904 deserters were covered by the
amnesty of the Philippine Insurrectionists. At
terms for violating the Draft and Espionage
Federal prisoners who had been paroled for
amnesty. In his Christmas Message the next
an Independence Day gathering in
Acts, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
induction into the Army during World War
day, Truman also announced the restoration
Pennsylvania in 1902, Roosevelt announced
restored civil rights to about 1,500
II.³¹ Observe that this amnesty was granted
of civil rights to Korean War veterans who had
that he had on that day issued a
war resisters. There was no reduction of
to war supporters, not war resisters!
been convicted by civilian courts prior to
"proclamation of peace and amnesty. "26
prison terms since all those affected by
Although President Truman established an
their military service. The McCarren
Roosevelt's "Christmas Amnesty
Amnesty Board in 1946, the Board confined
Immigration Act also became effective on
Proclamation" had already completed their
itself to recommending individuals by name
that date and Truman's motive for restoring
NO GENERAL AMNESTY
sentences. In view of the current large number
for pardon. The Board, headed by former
citizenship to this group of offenders may
of self-exiled war resisters, it is interesting to
Justice Owen J. Roberts, reviewed the cases
well have been to preclude deportation of
FOLLOWED WORLD WAR I,
note the effect that the Roosevelt
of 15,805 individuals who had been convicted
veterans who had been naturalized citizens
WORLD WAR II, OR THE
Proclamation had on the family of Mrs.
of violation of the Selective Service Act. The
prior to their convictions. 35 There has been
KOREAN WAR.
Emma C. Bergdoll. Restoration of citizenship
Board recommended pardon for less than 10
no presidential or congressional amnesty since
was granted her son Erwin, who had served a
percent of that number.
the 1952 Christmas announcements.
74
75
CONCLUSION
discharge some deserters and prohibit their
involvement in Vietnam, by pacifist groups
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or
ever serving in the military again. Desertion
advocating non-participation in all wars, by
rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to
This brief historical review of amnesty
during an armed conflict has traditionally
civil libertarians who believe that conscription
the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of
offers no sanguine expectation to those who
been dealt with as a far more serious offense
is an unjust erosion of individual rights, and
two-thirds of each House, remove such disability."
desire an immediate, unconditional, and
than desertion in peacetime. Finally, it should
by religious organizations preaching
14. Jonathan T. Dorris, Pardon and Amnesty
general grant of amnesty to all Vietnam-era
be carefully noted that Presidents Madison
forgiveness. American history can comfort
under Lincoln and Johnson (Chapel Hill: Univ. of N.
Armed Forces deserters and Selective Service
and Truman granted amnesty for crime as a
these persons to a degree; some form of
C. Press, 1953), p. 387.
violators. In light of the precedents, any
reward to persons who had served honorably
amnesty probably will be granted in the
15. Ibid., pp. 9-11.
attempt to enlist the aid of history to support
in the Armed Forces, rather than as a
unspecified future. But whatever form the
16. Ibid., pp. 6-7.
such a view rests on a slender reed. The most
mechanism of forgiveness to those who
amnesty takes, it will be no panacea for its
17. Richardson, VI, 163.
cursory analysis of historical data on
willfully failed to answer their Country's call.
beneficiaries unless there is an abrupt
18. Dorris, p. 34.
American amnesties indicates that present
The issue of amnesty for those who refused
departure from historical trends. Any appeal
19. Ibid., p. 63.
rationales for amnesty represent a departure
military service or fled their assigned posts
for an immediate, general, and unconditional
20. Ibid., pp. 111-12, 117.
from, rather than an appeal to, precedent.
during the Vietnam era will not, like old
grant of amnesty on the grounds of historical
21. John C. Etridge, Amnesty: A Brief Historical
Amnésty for military deserters and
soldiers, simply fade away. The emotional
precedent is not an appeal to fact. It is a
Overview, Congressional Reference Service
violators of conscription laws has generally
impact has seared the consciences of too
resort to historical myth.
(Washington: GPO, 1972), p. 13.
been granted only to those who had been
many at both poles of the issue for that to be
22. Richardson, VI, 547-49.
previously convicted and had served their
a reasonable expectation. Nor will the issue be
23. Dorris, pp. 352-55.
terms. Remission or commutation of sentence
resolved speedily-amnesty has historically
NOTES
24. Richardson, VI, 708.
has been exceptional rather than customary,
been granted only after prolonged and
25. Dorris, p. 386.
and beneficiaries of amnesty have received
frequently bitter and divisive debate. But it
1. Numbers 1:2.
26. US, President, A Compilation of the Messages
little more than a restoration of their civil
has generally been the case that the longer an
2. US Selective Service, Special Monograph No.
and Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt, 1901-1905, ed.
rights. Deserters at liberty have generally been
amnesty has been postponed, the more liberal
2, in Backgrounds of Selective Service (Washington:
Alfred H. Lewis (Washington: Bureau of National
required to return to military authority as a
have been its terms.
GPO, 1947), I, 89.
Literature and Art, 1906), Supplemental Volume,
condition precedent to the grant of amnesty,
Amnesty will continue to be sought by
3. "Amnesty," Encyclopedia of the Social
45-51.
although President Jackson did punitively
political leaders who opposed the American
Sciences, 1950.
27. "Coolidge Releases All War Offenders as
4. Ibid.
Christmas Gift," New York Times, 16 December
5. US Congress, Senate, The Constitution of the
1923, p. 1.
United States of America: Analysis and
28. William Preston, Jr., Aliens and Dissenters
Interpretation, Document No. 39, 88th Cong., 1st
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1963), pp.
session, 1964, p. 461.
262-63.
6. "Amnesty," Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1968.
29. "Grants Amnesty to 100 Deserters," New
7. James D. Richardson, ed., Compilation of the
York Times, 6 March 1924, p. 3.
Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897
30. "Roosevelt Proclamation Restores to
(Washington: GPO, 1907), I, 161-62, 181.
Citizenship 1,500 Wartime Violators," New York
8. Ibid., pp. 289-92, 303, 304.
Times, 25 December 1933, p. 1. See also
9. Ibid., p. 425.
"Proclamation No. 2067," The Statutes at Large of
10. Ibid., pp. 512, 514, 543.
the United States of America (Washington: GPO,
11. Ibid, p. 559.
1934), XLVIII, Part 2, 1725-26.
12. War Department General Order No. 29, 12
31. "Truman Pardons Ex-convicts Who Served
June 1830.
with Merit in War," New York Times, 25 December
13. The Fourteenth Amendment, Section 3: "No
1945, p. 1.
person shall be a Senator or Representative in
32. Anthony Leviero, "President Grants Pardons
Congress, or elector of President and Vice President,
to 1,523 Who Escape Draft," New York Times, 24
or hold any office, civil or military, under the United
December 1947, p. 1.
States, or under any State, who having previously
33. Ibid.
US ARMY
taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an
34. "The Duties of Citizenship," New York Times,
officer of the United States, or as a member of any
25 December 1947, p. 20.
State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer
35. "Truman Yule Plea," New York Times, 25
of any State, to support the Constitution of the
December 1952, p. 1.
Anti-Vietnam Demonstration, Washington, 1967.
76
77
17 Sep 74
Charlie,
Excuse the recycled paper. Trying to support the
President's energy conservation program!
If you need staff help and will be hiring from
outside government instead of transferring within,
Ted Weihe, whose papers are attached, would be an
asset, I believe. I've known and worked with him for
several years.
He's a "Democrat", which you may not be looking
for, and a citizen activist, which you may not be
looking for, but he served military time during
Vietnam in spite of strong feelings against the war,
and worked to reform the military, as you will see
from the enclosed materials. I think his attempted
reforms were aimed in the right direction and had some
effect. You can count on him to surface issues but
work on the team, I H
He's available immediately and doesn't expect any
FORD & LIBRARY 07V839
specified term of appointment. Because of special
circumstances, he doesn't feel compelled to obtain a
"permanent" job.
Iom 7.1ml
EDGA]
R.S.
He would appreciate return of the news magazine
Returnal to Jorn Eloyd
RESUME OF THEODORE F. WEIHE
WORK OBJECTIVE: Staff position on Clemency Board. Valuable
Vietnam era military experience. Authored articles concerning
missile corps in Washingtonian Magazine and military publication
Family.
" The launch officer has been relegated to a
bureaucratic, dehumanizing way of life which leads to demoral-
ization and unreliability in our deterrent force."
January 1974 to August 1974: Political Consultant to Northern
Virginia Regional Park Authority, examined political climate of
Prince William County towards gaining its membership within the
Authority. Also, edited major report for Urban Land Institute.
July 1972 to January 1974: Executive Director (currently President)
of Coalition on Optimum Growth, Inc., a non-profit organization
for better citizen involvement in land use planning. Duties: all
administrative functions; press, public and community relations;
speeches and testimony, publication of monthly newsletter, etc.
November 1969 to July 1972: Capitol Hill Reporter, Independent
Natural Gas Assn. of America. Legislative aide to former
Congressman Walter E. Rogers. Covered Capitol Hill and other
Federal agencies for weekly trade publication. Also, prepared
press releases and managed press room at annual conventions.
April 1969 to November 1969: Speech Writer/Press Secretary,
Virginia gubernatorial candidate and Fairfax Co. Democratic Party.
June 1965 to March 1969: Captain. U.S. Air Force, Minuteman
Deputy Missile Combat Crew Commander. Duties: maintain high state
of alert readiness and, if ordered, launch Minuteman ICBMs.
Other paid positions: Campaign Director and legislative aide
to Virginia State Senator Edward Holland, 1971-72; and
reporter (part-time) Globe Newspapers, 1969-70.
EDUCATION: Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service,
1961-65. B.S.F.S. in international affairs (tri-disciplinary studyies
in economics, government and history). Graduate work at Central
Missouri State in history. Metropolitan Training Institute:
Community Development Planning, 1972-73.
AFFILIATIONS: Chairman, Arlington Citizens for Parks, 1972-73;
V.P. Ashton Heights Civic Assn., 1974-75; very politically active;
member: Committee of 100 and numerous citizen groups.
PERSONAL: Born on July 19, 1943 (31); married; excellent health;
references on request. At Armed Services hearings (April 30, 1971)
described by Senator Symington as "one of the typical intense but
sincere young men of the day."
ADDRESS: 617 N. Kenmore St., Arlington, Virginia 22201
525-5835
Resume of
STEPHEN D. SCHREIBER
1315 N. Kirkwood Rd.
Home Address: 265 Wall Street
Arlington, Va. 22201
Corning, N.Y. 14830
703-525-4532
(607) 962-1388
Single
Age 24
Excellent Health
Education
1971-74
ALBANY LAW SCHOOL, Albany, New York.
J.D. degree in June 1974.
Member, Law Review.
Moot Court Competition.
Class Rank: 23/196.
1967-71
COLGATE UNIVERSITY, Hamilton, New York.
Bachelor of Arts in History, June 1971.
Dean's List final three semesters.
Freshman and three years varsity wrestling.
Freshman and varsity golf.
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
Work Experience
Nov. 173-
NEW YORK STATE ASSEMBLY, Albany, New York.
May 74
Research Assistant, Office of the Counsel to the Speaker of the
N.Y.S. Assembly. Part-time work involving research on pending
legislation.
Summer
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C.
1973
Law Clerk, Organized Crime and Racketeering Section of the
Criminal Division. Work involved a major research project, and
a series of research problems.
Spring
NEW YORK STATE ASSEMBLY, Albany, New York.
1973
Clerk in the office of New York State Assemblyman
Charles D. Henderson. Part-time work primarily involving
constituent relations.
Fall
NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF LAW, Albany, New York
1972
Part-time clerk in the Records Department.
Summer
DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, STEUBEN COUNTY, Bath, New York.
1972
Summer Intern. Work involved general research and extensive
observations of local criminal courts.
Fall 1971 &
NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF LAW, Albany, New York.
Spring 1972
Part-time librarian for the Division of Claims and Litigation.
Summers
Greenskeeper.
1967-71
Inventory and other clerical jobs.
Traveled abroad.
Personal Background
Interests include competitive golf, reading, sports and structure.
References
Available on Request.
November 12, 1974
Dear Senator Goodell:
Just want to tell you how much I appreciate your speaking
with Steve.
He tells me that he was impressed with your advice and com-
ments, and that he has started to follow your suggestions.
I am sure they will be very helpful to him.
He so enjoyed meeting you, and I really can't thank you
enough for your assistance and consideration.
Most sincerely,
Hope Schreiber
Mrs. Charles L. Schreiber
265 Wall Street
Corning, New York 14830
Hon. Charles E. Goodell
Hydeman, Mason & Goodell
1225 Nineteenth Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
20036
April 10,19
Dear Senator Goodell
GERAL
Pat Gold mon tells some that you
might be looking for an adminis trator
for the Annesty Board.
On her re commen lation, I am
enclosing a Copy of my resume I
am quietly looking around for an
opportunity in the Executive Branch to
part my administrative interests shills
to work on a larger and more
complex scale than running a
Hous office. While the A monesty
Board is to be short lived, it
could present some challenges.
If my resume and Background
appear to fit with your
needs, I would appreciate
an opportunity to discuss
this further.
Sincerely,
Waring Partnas
B. WARING PARTRIDGE, III
2016 - 37th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20007
Tel. Off: 202-225-2565
Res: 202-333-7553
PROFESSIONAL OBJECTIVE: Line management position or top staff position
with policy and line responsibilities.
EXPERIENCE: Jan. 1975 - present: Administrative Assistant to Congressman
Gary A. Myers, Pennsylvania. Recruited entire staff for Washington and
three Pennsylvania offices for new Congressman. Established all job
descriptions and operating procedures. Responsible for overall operation
of staff and offices.
June 1973 - Dec. 1974: Administrative Assistant to Congressman Richard W.
Mallary, Vermont. Took over general management and reorganization of
Congressional staff. Instituted several procedural and personnel changes.
Hired new people for 75% of the staff positions in the first five months.
Tripled the size of the professional legislative staff. Developed specific
job definitions, office procedures. Implemented a positive control system
for all correspondence, incoming and outgoing. Reduced response time by
twenty to forty percent and virtually eliminated problem of "lost" or
unanswered mail (250 to 2000 first class letters per week incoming).
Responsible for budget of two to three hundred thousand dollars and the
direct management of a high pressure, volatile staff of about 15 college
or graduate school trained individuals.
Sept. - Nov. 1974: Campaign Manager, Vermont U.S. Senate campaign.
Assumed overall responsibility for campaign strategy, media, scheduling,
organization, personnel and fund raising. Hired staff and created an
organization on short notice. Campaign performance raised candidate's
standing in the polls up to election day.
Dec. 1972 - June 1973: Congressional District Manager. Replaced,
reorganized and enlarged staff of two Congressional offices in Vermont.
Instituted new operating procedures to make the Vermont offices compatible
with the Washington office. Conducted fifty half-day, highly publicized
"mobile office" visits to towns in Vermont, publicly representing the
Congressman.
Sept. - Nov. 1972: Executive Secretary of Vermont Republican Party and
Executive Director of presidential campaign. General responsibility for
state-wide management of campaign operations in Vermont presidential campaign.
Jan. - Aug. 1972: Legislative/Executive Assistant to newly elected
Congressman from Vermont. Researched variety of legislative issues, reviewed
all issue oriented mail. Developed initial organization of internal and
external communication procedures for quick turn around, high volume, client
oriented service organization.
Nov. 1971 - Jan. 1972: Assistant to Campaign Manager for Vermont primary
and special election congressional campaigns. Supervised and organized
volunteer phone bank operations and direct mailings.
April - Oct. 1971: established, incorporated and managed small retail/
wholesale enterprise in Washington, D.C.
1967 - Oct. 1971: U.S. Navy, Lieutenant. Awards included Navy Achieve-
ment Medal with combat "V", Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry and other general
campaign and unit awards. Presently in U.S. Naval Reserve. Active duty
included:
Director, Minority Affairs Division, Navy Office of Information,
Pentagon. Served as the only Lieutenant, Division Director directly
under the Chief of Information. Responsible for press and public
relations between Navy and minority communities. Managed active
minority press program and represented the Navy at conventions such
as the NAACP and the Urban League.
Assistant Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Naval Support Activity, Danang,
Vietnam. Supervised twelve to eighteen Navy journalists and photo-
graphers. Worked on a daily basis with national and international
press representatives in Danang and I Corps. Served as command briefer
for visiting senior military and civilian officials. At the time,
Danang Naval Support Activity was the largest overseas Naval facility
in the world.
Deck Division Officer, aircraft carrier USS Wasp. Supervised forty
men. Also public affairs officer following a collision at sea and
during a major NATO exercise covered by European and American press.
Jan. - June 1967: Designed and conducted a data use survey for the
Bureau of the Census and the New Haven Redevelopment Agency. Analyzed
source, type and use of demographic data needed by thirty private and
governmental agencies.
Sept. 1964 - June 1966: Consultant to College Market Consultants, New
York City. Assisted in improving campus promotions of products for
several clients.
Jan. 1964 - June 1966: Manager of Yale Student Laundry. Executive
Manager and then Chairman of largest business enterprise on campus.
Employed several people full time and over a hundred students part time.
As Chairman headed a six person board and supervised nine line managers
who were selected through sales competition. Negotiated contract for
linen rental, laundry and dry cleaning services. Overall gross was a
quarter of a million dollars (in 1966 dollars). As Chairman, set salaries
and prices and approved all operating procedures. Improved profit in the
face of declining sales by controlling costs.
OTHER ACTIVITIES: Write a weekly news commentary column for Vermont newspapers.
EDUCATION: Yale University, B.A., Economics, 1967
Harvard University, summer courses, 1964
Kent School, Kent, Connecticut, 1962
MISCELLANEOUS: 1962-67: Student activities including elected student
government, a varsity sport (crew) and Navy ROTC
1973: Who's Who in American Politics
1974: Outstanding Young Men in America
REFERENCES: Upon request.
APR 1
VASSAR COLLEGE
POUGHKEEPSIE NEW YORK 12601
April 14, 1975
Hon. Charles B. Goodell
FORD : LIORARY
Presidencial Clemency Board
The White House
Washington, D.C.
Dear Senator Goodell:
How have you been? I'm busy finishing my
first year at Vassar, trying to pull all my
academic loose-ends together.
I've also been looking (frantically) for a
summer job. Vassar has a free-housing
program in Washington, and I am eager to work
there this summer. I wrote Steve Martindale,
and he informed me that the Presidencial
Clemency board may be hiring some people.
It sounds like fascinating work, and I would
very much like to be a part of it. As I
informed Steve, I can type, am generally
capable and adaptable, and can be counted on
to wear a smile most of the day!
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Best regards,
Margaret Cadoux
Margaret Cadoux
Raymond 212
VASSAR COLLEGE
POTAL s.n APR 197 15 SUI 125 NY
SERVICE
13c
POUGHKEEPSIE . NEW YORK 12601
ALWAYS
YOUR ZIP
USAirmail
Hon. Charles B. Goodell
Presidencial Clemency Board
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20005
Att: Larry Baskir
AIR MAIL
April 15, 1975
Dear Ray:
Thank you for your letter of March 26, 1975. I am
sorry it did not reach me antil you were scheduled to be in
Washington.
As to your plans for the future, I am afraid I
can't offer any advice based upon your letter alone. You
can apply directly to any agency in which you have an interest
whether in Massachusetts or Washington. If you are interested
in working in Washington for a short period of time, it is
possible we could use you at the Clemency Board.
If you wish to come to Washington, I would be
glad to took to you about your future.
With kind regard, I am
Sincerely,
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
Raymond J. Kimball, Esq.
The Superior Court
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Boston, Massachusetts 04108
MAR 31
COMMONWEALTH OF
THE SUPERIOR COURT
1582
BOSTON 02108
68 Butler St.
Boston, Mass. 02124
March 26, 1975
Charles E. Goodell
Chairman, Presidential Amnesty Board
White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
Washington, D.C.
Dear Senator Goodell:
By this letter I hope to reestablish contact with you
and explore how I might offer my services to you and to the
Ford Administration. Since interning with your Senate staff
during my junior year at Williams College, I hoped that there
might be an opportunity to work with you again. In December,
1973, I accepted a one-year clerkship with the Massachusetts
Superior Court for 1974-75. This committment precluded my
remaining in Washington after graduation from law school
during the beginning of the Ford Administration. As the
law clerk responsibilities near an end, it seemed appropriate
now to contact you.
Briefly, I would be interested in your thoughts on how
I might work with the Administration either in Washington or
Massachusetts. Having attended George Washington University's
National Law Center, I developed special interests in
administrative law and intergovernmental relations. My areas
of concentration were intergovernmental relations, grants-in-
aid, and budget policies with Prof. Ralph Nash, supervisor for
the Government Contracts and Intergovernmental Relations pro-
grams at the Law Center, and communications law with Prof.
Jerome Barron, former Dean of Syracuse Law School. I was
head of the appellate moot court programs in my senior year
at the Law School, and have been law clerk to the Massachusetts
Superior Court (the State trial court) this year. Should I
remain in Massachusetts rather than returning to Washington,
I would be interested in how I might serve the Administration
in Massachusetts. I am impressed with the Ford Administration's
programs in this difficult first year, and I firmly support
the Administration's goals and approach to governing the Nation.
-2-
I would look forward to meeting with you in Washington
at your convenience. I will be visiting Washington next
Thursday, April 3, through Saturday, April 5, but would
return to Washington at any time. I will call your office
next week, and would be pleased to hear from you.
Sincerely,
D. Kintall
Raymond J. Kimball, Esq.
Raymond J. Kimball
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS
26.MAR S. U.S. PM POSTAL SERVICE
SERVIN
MAIL
AMER
THE SUPERIOR COURT
BOSTON 02108
UNITED
STATES
1975
UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE
Charles E. Goodell
Chairman, Presidential Amnesty Board
PERSONAL
White House- 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
Washington, D.C.
PERSONAL
April 15, 1975
Dear Vinny:
In response to your letter of March 28, 1975,
I would be glad to try to be of assistance in Washington
should you decide to come down here. It is possible that
I might even be able to provide you two or three months interim
employment on the Clemency Board staff while you look at other
prospects. We now have close to 19,000 cases which must be
disposed of by September. That means our big pressure will
be in May, June and July.
If you wish to provide immediately, I would suggest
you give me a ring and we can talk about it.
Give my best to Betsy, and I wish her lots of
luck onhhere application to G eorgetown Law School. Also,
of course, give my warmest regards to your mother.
With kind regard, I am
Sincerely,
Vincent L. Morgan, Esq.
94 WArren Avenue
New York, N.Y. 14217
FORD : GERALD LIBRARY
94 Warren Avenue
Kenmore, New York 14217
March 28, 1975
Charles Goodell, Esq.
Hydeman, Mason & Goodell
1225 Nineteenth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Dear Charles,
Fran has probably told you of my charming
wife's endeavor to enter the field of law. To this
end she has scored a 736 on the Law School Aptitude Test
and that, along with her excellent undergraduate record,
assures her acceptance by a law school. In fact, Buffalo
already has accepted her.
Betsy's other application was to the Georgetown
Law School and we are fairly certain she will be admitted
despite the tardiness of her application.
With that expectation, and in light of our growing
dissatisfaction with practice in Buffalo, we are very
interested in coming to the Washington, D.C. area. Therefore,
we seek your assistance in directing me to a position of some
kind in Washington. I am as equally interested in government
and politics as I am in law practice and therefore my sights
are not necessarily set on a position with a firm. To be more
specific, prison reform and the plight of Indians interest me
a great deal. Similarly so with media journalism and inter-
national law and diplomacy. If you would like a copy of my
resume, please let me know.
I hope this letter finds you in good health - and
me a job. We send our regards and hope to hear from you soon.
Sincerely,
Vince
Vincent L. Morgan
May 1, 1975
Dear Sherry:
Thank you very much for sending along the material on
Chuck Bigler.
The Clemency Board is hiring only lawyers, but I shall
certainly pass this along to the person hiring to see if the staff
can use someone with his qualifications.
I was very sorry to hear of your personal problems and
certainly hope things do settle down for you shortly.
With warm regard, I am
Sincerely,
Charles E. Goodell
Mr. Sherwood L. Bochlert
1527 Lengworth House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515
FORD i LIBRAR GERALD
JOSEPH M. McDADE
WASHINGTON OFFICE:
10TH DISTRICT, PENNSYLVANIA
2202 RAYBURN OFFICE BUILDING 20515
AREA CODE 202 225-3731
COMMITTEE:
APPROPRIATIONS
Congress of the United States
DISTRICT OFFICE:
NORTHEASTERN NATIONAL BANK BUILDING
SELECT COMMITTEE ON
SCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA 18503
SMALL BUSINESS
house of Representatives
DIAMOND 6-3834
Washington, D.C. 20515
July 9, 1975
Mr. Charles Goodell
2033 "M" Street N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Dear Mr. Goodell:
It was interesting to hear your talk at a recent Ripon
Society meeting, and to learn of the work you have been doing since
returning to Washington, D.C. You will remember me as the one who
interviewed you for the Jaws of Victory by the Ripon Society about
two years ago.
I have been working for Rep. Joseph M. McDade, R--Pennsyl-
vania in a research/legislative asst. capacity, and seek to enhance
myself in government. I am writing you to see if you know of any
positions for which I might qualify. The work I have been doing has
been complementary with my writing experience, and I find being on
the inside of government to be quite satisfying. Mr. McDade is aware
of my desire and will write me letters of recommendation. I have
included my resume for your perusal.
As a result of my work on the Jaws of Victory, I was hired
by Dr. Herbert E. Alexander to edit and write his Financing the 1972
Election. Dr. Alexander is the nation's foremost expert on campaign
financing. After completing my work on the book, my new bride and I
moved to Arlington, and I began working with Mr. McDade.
I thank you for your consideration, and if you wish further
information or letters of recommendation you have only to write or call
me at Mr. McDade's office.
Sincerely,
Richard Mwykeman
Richard M. Dykeman
BERALD R. FORD
RESUME
DYKEMAN, Richard Mills
HOME: (703) 521-5995
845 South Ivy Street
MESSAGE: (202) 225-3731
Arlington, Virginia 22204
PERSONAL: Age 32; born January 3, 1943, Seattle, Washington; married to
Winnifred Saroch Dykeman; eyes, blue; hair, brown; height, 5'9",
weight, 155 pounds.
EDUCATION: Chief Sealth High School, Seattle, college prep, 2.9 GPA;
Graduated from University of Washington, Seattle, 1971;
Bachelor of Arts Political Science and Journalism, 2.5 GPA;
Highline Community College, 1965-68, part-time; 1968-69 full-
time, 3.5 GPA. Seattle Pacific College, 1961-62.
MILITARY: 1-Y, Physical (condition corrected by surgery, 1971)
EXPERIENCE:
1/75 to present: Legislative Assistant for Congressman Joseph M. McDade
(10th District Pennsylvania); press, research, constituent
correspondence, legislation, speeches, Congressional
Record inserts.
5/74 to 1/75
Citizen's Research Foundation, 245 Nassau St., Princeton,
N.J. Writing, editing and researching the fourth in a
series FINANCING THE 1972 ELECTION, for Dr. Herbert
Alexander, Director (the nation's foremost authority on
campaign finance). The book explores and analyzes the
financial aspects of the 1972 election; will be published
by Heath Lexington. Duties included: writing, editing,
boiling down, research and some production details.
Supervised one research assistant. I still consult on
the project.
10/74 to present: Ralph Packman and Associates, Public Relations, 1918
Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa; Freelance edit small health
related magazine for Washington, D.C. based association;
135% increase in renewal rates since taking over magazine
that was losing before.
1/73 to 6/73
THE JAWS OF VICTORY by Clifford W. Brown, published
by Little Brown, Boston, June 1974. Researched and
wrote several sections of the book, which was favorably
reviewed in several publi cations including New York Times
Book Review. Specialized in impact of the business com-
munity on the political system.
12/73 to 4/74
Returned to Seattle to administrate problems resulting
from deaths in the family. Worked part-time for
Schick Laboratories, Inc., as a smoking therapist, while
supervising the relocation of three relatives, repairing
and selling real estate.
6/73 to 11/73
Freelance writer: for Stanford Sobel, New York City,
industrial movie maker and writer; Brace, Harcourt &
Javonavich, DRIVE-IN FAST FOOD Magazine, New York City;
Bruce D. Johnson, Ph.D., Manhattanville College, 250
West 94th, NYC, research assistant and writer, drug
Richard M. Dykeman
RESUME page 2
research published in several drug and narcotic journals.
9/72 to 5/73
Editor for Boat Owners Assn. of the United States,
a subsidiary of AAA; edited and wrote newsletter, news
releases and general promotional material; and other
administrative duties, including being in charge of the
booth at the 1973 Annapolis Boat Show.
8/72
Moved east from Seattle to Washington, D.C.
7/71 to 8/72
Several editorial capacities, but was forced to move
around frequently because of adverse employment situation
in Seattle, and because of corrective surgery. Jobs
included; reporter, Longview Daily News; news writer,
KIRO Television; and administration and PR for Schick
Laboratories, Inc. (Schick rehired me when I was in
Seattle settling family business.)
Freelanced for Seattle Times, Seattle Post Intelligencer,
Associated Press, Tacoma News Tribune and Portland
Oregonian.
10/69 to 8/72
Reporter and News Editor for U of W DAILY; part-time
U of W Public Relations Dept.; Set-up PR effort for student
group who spent Spring, 1970 in Washington, D.C.; wrote
for the above dailies and eight weeklies.
Pre-race publicity, promotion and handled the pess shack
on race day for 1970 running of Trans-America Road Race
at Seattle International Raceways, Kent, Washington.
Advance work and publicity for Walter Hickel's party,
at a banquet speech in his honor, Seattle, 1971.
Sports Editor and writer for Seattle weeklies: Highline
Times, White Center News, West Seattle Herald, Des Moines
News and Federal Way News.
8/69
Quit work to return to school.
1/65 to 8/69
Electronic Draftsman, The Boeing Airplane Co., Kent,
Washington.
AWARDS &
ACTIVITIES:
Toastmasters; church work; Who's Who in American Junior
Colleges; Outstanding Journalism Award; Scholarship
from church.
GSA FORM 43 (4 PART)
DATE
Jan. 1970
6/5
B-143603
COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL SLIP
FROM
Steven Foote
SUBJECT
applicant for job with Sen. Goodell
PREPARE REPLY FOR SIGNATURE OF
RFRD
RFRD
RFRD
RFRD
CEG
DATE
DATE
DATE
DATE
6/12
REPLY DUE
REPLY DISPATCHED
FILE DESIGNATION
STAFF OR SERVICE MAIL
FOLLOW-UP COPY 2
JUN 6 1975
4629 Roundhill Road
Ellicott City, Maryland 21043
June 5, 1975
Charles E. Goodell
Room 461
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Senator Goodell:
Several years ago, a secure 38th District Congressman on a brief
campaign stop in Fredonia asked me, a "grass roots" worker, what my
career objectives were. I told him that I aspired to a career in the
Congress. (Actually, I really wanted his job!) He told me that if
he could ever be of assistance
etc.
Much has changed since that time--certainly more dramatically
for you than for me. Fortunately, you have been "vindicated" and the
purge was temporary--something I am personally pleased to see.
As I did many times in the past, I am calling on you again--this
time for assistance in helping me realize my near life-long ambition
of a Washington career. I fully realize that the elector-electee
relationship no longer exists and I will fully understand if nothing
comes of this.
What can I do well enough to make me confident that I am worthy
of your consideration? I am especially competent in administrative
work of the type required of a good executive assistant or aide. I
am experienced in PR, Speech and Report-writing and Liaison functions.
In way of a general summary, a brief resume is enclosed for your
review.
I would sincerely appreciate any help, guidance or direction you
may be able to offer. I can be available at any time to discuss any
thoughts you may have.
Thank you very much for your consideration.
Sincerely yours
Steven P. Foote
enclosure
GERALD FORD
STEVEN P. FOOTE
4629 Roundhill Road
Telephone: Office (301) 547-4943
Ellicott City, Maryland 21043
Home
(301) 461-9207
Married
2 Children
6'2"
190 lbs.
Health: Excellent
Born: February 17, 1944
EXPERIENCE:
1973-Present: Executive Assistant to the Director of the
Trust Division, Equitable Trust Company, Baltimore. I
handle the administrative, corporate planning, policy
development and personnel functions of the 186-employee
Division and I am the primary financial officer, including
budget responsibility, for the $2 Billion in assets
organization.
1971-1973: CHIEF of Administrative Support Division for
the Army Special Research Detachment at the National
Security Agency. In addition to handling all administra-
tive and financial activities of the 60 man unit, I
developed an automated information repository for analyst
use world-wide. Supervised a staff of 10.
1970-1971: Deputy Senior Intelligence Advisor to a
Vietnamese Infantry Division. Edited a daily comprehensive
intelligence report for use at the highest Army levels in
Vietnam. Supervised 12.
1969-1970: Staff Coordinator for the Commander-in-Chief
U.S. Army Europe in U.S. Dealings with the Soviet Military
Liaison Mission, West Germany.
EDUCATION:
GRADUATE: MBA Candidate, evening school. Will receive
degree in August 1975. President of MBA Association.
UNDERGRADUATE: BA in Political Science and Economics,
State University of New York.
ADDITIONAL
EXPERIENCE:
Consultant for the Small Business Administration. Charter
member of Baltimore Chapter of the Active Corp of Executives
(ACE). Creative Consultant to a Baltimore TV series.
REFERENCES:
Available upon request.
We hold these Truths
4629 Roundhill Road
Ellicott City, Maryland 210,43
POSTAL 1975 5 PM SERVICE JUN 010 MD
U.S.M.IL
10
UNITED STATES 10
NITED STATES POSTAL SERV
Charles E. Goodell
Room 461
Old Executive Office Building
PERSONAL
Washington, D. C. 20500