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1/12 Henry
may be something here 00 you and
November 11, 1968 Our Bell
Rogers
PRESIDENT NIXON AND THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE:
A PROGRAM TO ENSURE CONTROL OF KEY PERSONNEL
BY THE NEW PRESIDENT
Florlay
BACKGROUND:
Mr. Nixon's candidacy not only was unsupported by
nearly 90% of the personnel of the Department of State--
it was opposed, at least passively.
Long years of Democratic rule have assured a bureau-
cracy in the Department of State, which, if required to
be politically neutral in legal terms, nevertheless is
so strongly opposed to conservative values that none but
"liberal" concepts in domestic politics are accepted with
any degree of tolerance. This attitude spills over into
foreign policy matters. Intellectual honesty and the
freedom to air dissenting, i.e., conservative, ideas (an
essential part of any intelligent policy formation process)
have remained only a theoretical possibility-- to be exer-
cised only at the peril of an officer's career. This
was because of the tendency to view all dissenting opinion
having conservative or traditionally patriotic modalities
as emanating from "right wingers" (an epithet at State as
damning as "John Bircher").
The possibility that Mr. Nixon could become President
was, therefore, feared by most officers in the higher
grades (FSO-2, FSO-1, GS17, GS-18) because:
(1) it threatened their personal status as well-
entrenched bureaucrats;
(2) it posed an inescapable challenge to self-
generated and securely protected cliques within
the State Department/U.S. Foreign Service, which,
remaining intact and undisturbed over the years,
have managed to defeat or frustrate the firmest-
intentioned reformers and could continue to do
so, if permitted.
(3) it carried the inherent promise of a re-examination
of past "sacred cows" of "liberal" and "inter-
nationalist" creation, through which these
individuals had furthered their careers and
with which they were closely identified;
The vast bulk of "liberals" in the U.S. Foreign
Service/State Department establishment believe that the
allegedly thin margin of Mr. Nixon's victory will make
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
-2-
it impossible for the new Nixon team to impose any deep
or meaningful change either upon the internal system
which has nurtured them or upon the outward working of
the system in terms of U.S. foreign policy operations
(They refuse to interpret the true significance of a
57% anti-administration vote. ) Their basic assumption
is that their technical expertise will be so indispensible
to an incoming administration that their own personal.
commitment to previous policies can be effectively
obscured before the new administration's supporters can
be trained to operate the foreign affairs machinery of
the United States.
In like manner, Mr. Nixon's statement that "we
strongly support the Foreign Service and will strengthen
it by improving its efficiency and administration by
providing adequate allowances for its personnel" is
considered by many to suggest that Mr. Nixon intends to
make few significant changes and that those that are
introduced can be defeated or rendered superficial by,
dilatory tactics.
Passage of time, therefore, will make it increasingly
difficult to identify with clarity persons whose record
and outlook during the past administration has been S.O.
totally "radical liberal" as to systematically discourage,
veto, or kill professionally persons and policies of
conservative persuasion.
For all these reasons, if all those now occupying
key non-appointive slots at the GS-16/FSO-2 level
(and higher) remain in their present positions, any
serious effort to exercise policy control over the
Department of State will be frustrated or blunted.
Described below is a three-phased State Department
transition plan which will assure the return to a U.S:
policy of enlightened national self-interest, skillfully
implemented:
PHASE I - Immediate Fact-Finding Team
Assignment of about twenty-five (25) working-level
staff members, critically placed (see appendix), who are
committed to the Nixon administration, for the purpose
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
-3-
of gathering information and preparing recommendations
in the fields of personnel and organization for the
use of the President-elect and his advisors. A small
cadre of professional Department of State employees
known to be supporters of Mr. Nixon should be used in
harness with persons from outside the Department and
the present administration. Authorization exists for
such immediate assignment of personnel (see appendix 2).
PHASE II - Early Target Date for Completion of Staff Studies
No later than December 30, a series of preliminary
recommendations should be submitted by the fact-finding
team to the President-elect's staff; these would include:
(1) Immediate, prepared access to and exploitation
of files in key decision-making areas;
(2) Identification of a large number of decision-
influencing positions which must be staffed by
provably loyal supporters of the President-eledt
(3) Background studies of personnel, whether or not
they currently occupy political policy-making
2
positions, which illustrate a person's basic
only angerous bill
foreign policy orientation and his potential
for future service to the President-elect and
to the country.
PHASE III - Re-assessment and Possible Re-direction of
Some U.S. Foreign Policy Operations
The direction or results of recommendations that
might flow from Phases I and II cannot be prejudged
Since the studies would be fully objective and not bound
by any preconceptions, they would not necessarily vindicate
the views of any groups or individuals now active in U.S.
foreign policy formulation.
However, since the President-elect is in the favored.
position of not being bound by administrative policies
of the past eight years, it is expected that:
(1) potentially disruptive elements in the formulation
of U.S. foreign policy who could defeat an
otherwise validly conceived policy, will be
identified;
(2) valid propositions, useful for promoting U.S.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
-4-
interests, will suggest themselves, and postulates
which have been tangential or even contrary to
U.S. interests will be eliminated as points upon
which policy is based;
(3) untapped reserves in personnel and ideas will
be located;
(4) the President-elect will be assured of foreign
policy machinery the reliability of whose
components is beyond question;
(5) programs will be developed which will insure
the President-elect of objective foreign policy
machinery, geared to enable him to maximize
US foreign policy options in the decade of the
1970s.
RECOMMENDATION:
That implementation of Phase I and II of the Three-
Phase Program set forth above begin immediately by
selection and assignment of the necessary working-level
transition staffs to the Department of State.
Approve
(date)
Disapprove
Attachments:
Appendix 1 - Critical Areas for Transition Staffs
Appendix 2 - US Code granting authority for above
CC: Mr. Robert Ellsworth
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
Appendix 1
CRITICAL AREAS WHERE TRANSITION STAFFS
WOULD BE ASSIGNED AS FAR IN ADVANCE AS POSSIBLE
OF NIXON-APPROVED OFFICERS-IN-CHARGE
(Note that the approximately 25 transition staff positions
needed are not listed in priority. Assignment would be to
the Transition Staff itself and officers would not be bound
to a specific office.
A need for a high degree
of staff mobility obviously will be required.)
OFFICES OF: (At least one staff man per area except as indicated)
The Deputy Under Secretary for Administration, and,
The Director General of the Foreign Service
The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Budget
The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Operations
The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Organization and
Management
The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Personnel (3-5, ,initially)
Career Management and Assignments
Employment Division; Medical Division
Performance Evaluation
Presidential Appointments Staff
The Assistant Secretaries of Geographic Areas and Functional'
Responsibilities (5-7 needed initially to begin with
the executive/personnel area, including International.
Organizations and Intelligence and Research. The
Transitional Staffs from other areas would be called'
upon to help as substantive considerations demanded.)
The Chairman of the Policy Planning Council
The Deputy Assistant Secretary for Security (At least 5 needed)
The Executive Secretariat (to consider 7th floor operations
functioning under the Secretary, Under Secretaries, etc.
and their relationship to other areas in the government.)
The Legal Advisor
The Assistant Secretary for Congressional Relations
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
APPENDIX 2
§ 101
TITLE 3.-THE PRESIDENT
Page 86
S 101. Commencement of term of office.
$ 102. Compensation of the President.
The term of four years for which a President and
The President shall receive in full for his services
Vice President shall be elected, shall, in all cases,
during the term for which he shall have been elected
commence on the 20th day of January next succeed-
compensation in the aggregate amount of $100,000
a year, to be paid monthly. and in addition an ex-
ing the day on which the votes of the electors have
pense allowance of $50,000 to assist in defraying
been given. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 678.)
expenses relating to or resulting from the discharge
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
of his official duties, for which expense allowance
The statement on Organization and Functions of the
no accounting. other than for income tax purposes,
Executive Office of the President, 14 F. R. 7856, as
amended 17 F. R. 6204; 18 F. R. 5668, provides:
shall be made by him. Hc shall be entitled also to
the use of the furniture and other effects belonging
SEC. I. DIVISIONS OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE
PRESIDENT
to the United States and kept in the Executive Man-
Secret
The Executive Office of the President consists of the
sion. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 678; Jani
divisions listed below.
19, 1949, ch. 2, § (a), 63 Stat. 4; Oct. 20, 1951
Page
SEC. II. WHITE HOUSE OFFICE
ch. 521, title VI, § 619 (a), 65 Stat. 569.)
The White House Office comprises the offcers and
AMENDMENTS
employees of the staff of the President required in the
performance of the detailed activities incident to his
1951-Act Oct. 20, 1951, made the President's expense
allowance taxable.
immediate office.
1949-Act Jan. 19. 1949, Increased the President's salary
SEC. III. BUREAU OF THE BUDGET-(A) GENERAL
from $75,000 per year to $100,000 per year, and gave him a
The Bureau of the Budget serves the President in the
yearly expense account of $50,000 for which he was to
preparation and administration of the budget, in the
make no accounting and which was tax free.
review of legislation and Executive orders, in the im-
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1951 AMENDMENT
provement of administrative management and organiza-
tion, and in the coordination and improvement of Fed-
Section 619 (e) of act Oct. 20, 1951, provided in part
that this amendment should become effective at noon
a
eral statistics.
on Jan. 20, 1953.
(B) APPROVAL OF COLLECTION OF INFORMATION
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1949 AMENDMENT
2
Under the Federal Reports Act of 1942 [sections 139-
d
Section 3 of act Jan. 19, 1949, provided that this section,
1392 of Title 5], no Federal agency, with specified exemp-
sections 104 and 111 of this title, sections 31 and 31b of
tions, may collect identical information from ten or more
Title 2, The Congress, and section 693-1 note of Title 5.
a
respondents without the Bureau's approval, which is in-
Executive Departments and Government Officers and Em-
dicated on the report form or questionnaire. This au-
or
thority is exercised by the Assistant Director for Statistical
ployees, should take effect at noon on Jan. 20, 1949.
P.
Standards, with assistance from an Advisory Council on
PRESIDENTIAL TRANSITION ACT OF 1963
CO
Federal Reports representing national business organiza-
Pub. L. 88-277, Mar. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 153, provided:
PC
tions.
"[SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE]. That this Act may be cited
SEC. IV. COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISORS
as the 'Presidential Transition Act of 1963.'
The Council of Economic Advisors assists the President
"SEC. 2 [PURPOSE OF THIS ACT]. The Congress declares
in the preparation of his economic reports to Congress:
it to be the purpose of this Act to promote the orderly
studies developments and trends in income, production,
transfer of the executive power in connection with the
b:
and employment; appraises activities of the Federal Gov-
expiration of the term of office of a President and the
an
ernment bearing upon the growth and stability of the
inauguration of a new President. The national interest
11
Nation's economy: and develops and recommends to the
requires that such transitions in the office of President be
President national economic policies to foster a strong
accomplished so as to assure continuity in the faithful
an
economy.
execution of the laws and in the conduct of the affairs of
wi
the Federal Government, both domestic and foreign. Any
tio
SEC. V. NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
The National Security Council advises the President
disruption occasioned by the transfer of the executive
power could produce results detrimental to the safety and
prog
with respect to the integration of domestic. foreign. and
well-being of the United States and its people. Accord-
nect,
military policies relating to the national security. The
ingly. it is the intent of the Congress that appropriate no
elect
Central Intelligence Agency is under the Council's di-
tions be authorized and taken to avoid or minimize any
date
rection.
disruption. In addition to the specific provisions con-
tors.
SEC. VI. OFFICE OF DEFENSE MOBILIZATION
tained in this Act directed toward that purpose, it is the
title:
The Office of Defense Mobilization directs, controls, and
intent of the Congress that all officers of the Government
inau
coordinates on behalf of the President all defense mobill-
so conduct the affairs of the Government for which they
zation activities of the executive branch of the Govern-
exercise responsibility and authority as (1) to be mindful
ic
of problems occasioned by transitions in the office of
ment.
efect
President, (2) to take appropriate Inwful steps to avoid
the is
Si:c. VII. OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
or minimize disruptions that might be occasioned by the
dent
The Office for Emergency Management, when_activated
trans for of the executive power. and (3) otherwise to
the A
assists the President in dealing with public emergencies
promote-orderly transitions in the office of President.
deten
"SEC. 3 [SERVICES AND FACILITIES AUTHORIZED To P.P.
Accor
PRESIDENT'S ADVISORY COMMISSION ON PRESIDENTIAL
PROVIDED TO PRESIDENTS-ELECT AND VICE-PRESIDENTS
and 2
OFFICE SPACE
ELECT]. (a) The Administrator of General Services. re-
(d
Act Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 925, 70 Stat. 979, as amended by
ferred to hereafter in this Act as 'the Administrator, is
ance
Pub. L. 85-3, Jan. 25, 1957, 71 Stat. 4, created a President's
authorized to provide. upon request. to each President-
sessio
Advisory Commission on Presidential Office Space to study
elect and each Vice-President-elect, for use in connection
in CO:
the problem of providing more adequate office space for
with his preparations for the assumption of official
or o:
the White House Office and the other agencies of the
duties as President or Vice President necessary services
be
Executive Office of the President. Pursuant to section 1
and facilities. including-
Unite
(i)) of act Aug. 3, 1956, the Commission was required to
"(1) Suitable office space appropriately equipped
elect
report to the President its findings and recommendations
with furniture, furnishings, office machines and equip-
State.
within 10 months after Aug. 3, 1956, and section 2 (6) of
ment, and office supplies. as determined by the Admin-
ter:
act Aug. 3, 1956 provided that the Commission should
istrator, after consultation with the President-clect.)
autos:
cease to exist 30 days after the submission of its final
the Vice-President-elect, or their designee provided for
for th,
in subsection (c) of this section, at such place or
report.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
Page 87
TITLE 3.-THE PRESIDENT
102
places within the United States as the President-elect
"(c) Each President-elect and Vice-President-elect may
or Vice-Presldent-elect shall designate:
designate to the Administrator an assistant authorized
"(2) Payment of the compensation of members of
to make on his behalf such designations or findings of
office staffs designated by the President-clect or Vice-
necessity as may be required In connection with the serv-
President-elect at rates determined by them not to
ices and facilities to be provided under this Act. Not more
exceed the rate provided by the Classification Act of
than 10 per centum of the total expenditures under this
1949. as amended [chapter 21 of Title 51. for grade
Act for any President-clect or Vice-President-elbct may
GS-18: Provided, That any employee of any agency
be made upon the basis of a certificate by him or the as-
of any branch of the Government may be detailed to
sistant designated by him pursuant to this section that
such staffs on a reimbursable or nonreimbursable basis
such expenditures are classified and are essential to the
with the consent of the head of the agency: and while
national security. and that they accord with the provisions
so detailed such employee shall be responsible only to
of subsections (a). (b), and (d) of this section.
the President-clect or Vice-President-elect for the per-
"(f) In the case where the President-clect Is the in-
formance of his duties: Provided further, That any
cumbent President or in the case where the Vice-Prest-
employee so detailed shall continue to receive the com-
dent-clect is the Incumbent Vice President, there shall be
pensation provided pursuant to law for his regular
no expenditures of funds for the provision of serviced and
employment, and shall retain the rights and privileges
facilities to such Incumbent under this Act. and any funds
of such employment without interruption. Notwith-
appropriated for such purposes shall be returned to the
standing any other law, persons receiving compensation
general funds of the Treasury.
as members of office staffs under this subsection, other
"SEC. 4 [SERVICES AND FACILITIES AUTHORIZED To BE
than those detailed from agencies, shall not be held
PROVIDED TO FORMER PRESIDENTS AND FORMER VICE. PRESI-
or considered to be employees of the Federal Covern-
DENTS]. The Administrator Is authorized to provide. upon
ment except for purposes of the Civil Service Retirement
request, to each former President and each former Vice
Act (chapter 30 of Title 51. the Federal Employees' Com-
President, for a period not to exceed six months
pensation Act [chapter 15 of Title 51. the Federal Em-
date of the expiration of his term of office as President
ployees' Group Life Insurance Act of 1954 [chapter 24 of
or Vice President, for use In connection with winding up
Title 5]. and the Federal Employees Health Benefits
the affairs of his office, necessary services and facilities of:
Act of 1950 [chapter 30 of Title 51:
the same general character as authorized by this Act to
"(3) Payment of expenses for the procurement of
be provided to Presidents-clect and Vice-Presidents-&lect.
services of experts or consultants or organizations
Any person appointed or detailed to serve a former Presi-
thereof for the President-elect or Vice-President-elect,
dent or former Vice President under authority of this hee-
as authorized for the head of any department by sec-
tion shall be appointed or detailed in accordance with
tion 15 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as
and shall be subject to, all of the provisions of section 3. of
amended (5 U.S.C. 55a), at rates not to exceed $100 per
this Act applicable to persons appointed or detailed under
diem for individuals;
authority of that section. The provisions of the Act of
"(4) Payment of travel expenses and subsistence
August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838; 3 U.S.C. 102, note).. other
allowances, including rental of Government or hired
than subsections (a) and (c) shall not become effective
motor vehicles, found necessary by the President-elect
with respect to a former President until six/months after
or Vice-President-elect, as authorized for persons em-
the expiration of his term of office as President
ployed Intermittently or for persons serving without
"Sec. 5 [AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS]. There.are
compensation by section 5 of the Administrative Ex-
hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Administra:
penses Act of 1046, as amended (5 U.S.C. 73b-2), as
tor such funds as may be necessary for carrying out the
may be appropriate;
purposes of this Act but not to exceed $900,000 for any
"(5) Communications services found necessary by
one Presidential transition, to remain available during
the President-clect or Vice-President-elect;
the fiscal year In which the transition occurs and the next
"(6) Payment of expenses for necessary printing and
succeeding fiscal year. The President shall Indiude in the
binding. notwithstanding the Act of January 12, 1895.
budget transmitted to the Congress, for each Scal year'In
and the Act of March 1, 1919, as amended (44 U.S.C.
which his regular term of office will expire, a oposed AP-
111);
propriation for carrying out the purposes as this Act."
(7) Reimbursement to the postal revenues In
amounts equivalent to the postage that would other-
FORMER PRESIDENTS: ALLOWANCE SELECTION,
wise be payable on mall matter referred to in subsec-
TION, AND STATUS OF OFFICE STAFF; OFFICE SPACE: MAIL-
tion (d) of this section.
INC PRIVILEGE: WIDOW'S PENSION
"(b) The Administrator shall expend no funds for the
Pub. L. 85-745, Aug. 25, 1953, 72 Stat. 838, as amended
provision of services and facilities under this Act in con-
Pub. L. 88-426, title I. § 124, Aug. 14, 1904, 78 Statt. 412,
neetion with any obligations incuried by the Prestdent-
provided: "That (a) each former President of the United
elect or Vice-Prenident-eicct before the day following the
S' tes shall be entilled. ns long ns he shall live, to receive.
date of the general elections held to determine the elec-
a monetary allowance 116 the rate of $25,000 per annsun
tors of President and Vice President in accordance with
payable monthly by the Secretary of the Treasury
title 3. United States Code, sections 1 and 2, or after the
"(b) The Administrator of General Services shall. with-
inauguration of the President-elect as President and the
out regard to the civil-service and classification laws, pro-
inauguration of the Vice-President-elect as Vice President.
vide for each former President an office staff. Persons
"(c) The terms 'President-clect' and 'Vice-President-
employed under this subsection shall be selected by the
elect' as used In this Act. shall mean such persons as are
former President and shall be responsible only to bini
the apparent successful candidates for the office of Prest-
for the performance of their duties. Each former Predi-
dent and Vice President, respectively. as ascertained by
dent shall fix basic rates of compensation for persons
the Administrator following the general elections held to
employed for him under this paragraph which in the ag-
determine the electors of President and Vice President in
gregate shall not exceed $65,000 per annum. The rate
accordance with title 3, United States Code, sections 1
of compensation payable to any such person shall not:
and 2.
exceed the maximum aggregate rate of compensation
"(d) Each President-elect shall be entitled to convey-
payable to any Individual employed in the office of &
ance within the United States and its territories and pos-
Senator. Each individual appointed under this subsce-
tion to a position on the office staff of a former President
seasions of all mail matter, including airmall, sent by him
in connection with his preparations for the assumption
shall be held and considered to be an employee. (v. the
of official duties as President, and such mall matter shall
Government of the United States for the purposes or the
be transmitted as penalty mall as provided in title 30.
Civil Service Retirement Act [chapter 30 of Title 51. the
United States Code, section 4152. Each Vice-President-
Federal Employees' Compensation Act (chapter 15 of
elect shall be entitled to conveyance within the United
Title 51. and the Federal Employees' Group Life Insur-
States and Its territories and possessions of all mail mat-
ance Act of 1954 (chapter 24 of Title 51.
tor, including airmail, sent by him under his written
"(c) The Administrator of General Services shall fur
autograph signature in connection with his preparations
nish for each former President suitable office space ap-
for the assumption of official duties ns Vice President.
propriately furnished and equipped, as determined by
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
§ 103
TITLE 3.-THE PRESIDENT
Page 88
Page
the Administrator, at such place within the United
applicable to the Vice President under the provisions of
States as the former President shall specify.
section 46d-1 of Title 2, The Congress.
"(d) Each former President shall be entitled to con-
104
veyance within the United States and its Territories and
§ 105. Compensation of secretaries and executive, ad-
are
possessions free of postage of all mail matter sent by
ministrative, and staff assistants to President.
him under his written autograph signature. The postal
The President is authorized to fix the compensa-
Th
revenues shall be reimbursed each fiscal year out of the
tion of the six administrative assistants authorized
15.
general funds of the Treasury in an amount equivalent
to be appointed under section 106 of this title, of the
after
to the postage which would otherwise be payable on such
out
mail matter.
Executive Secretary of the National Security Coun-
"(e) The widow of any former President of the United
cil, of the Executive Secretary of the National Aero-
States shall be entitled to receive a pension at the rate
of $10,000 per annum, payable monthly by the Secretary
nautics and Space Council, and of eight other secre-
For
sectio
of the Treasury, if such widow shall waive the right to
taries or immediate staff assistants in the White
any annuity or pension under any other Act of Congress.
House Office at rates of basic compensation not to
§ 107.
"(f) As used in this section, the term 'former Presi-
exceed that of level II of the Federal Executive Sal-
to
dent' means an individual who shall have held the office
of President of the United States, and whose service in
ary Schedule. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 672;
Em
such office shall have been terminated other than by
Oct. 15, 1949, ch. 695, § 2(a), 63 Stat. 880; Oct. 4,
depe:
removal pursuant to section 4, article II, of the Con-
1961, Pub. L. 87-367, title III, $ 303(h), 75 Stat. 794:
of the
stitution."
Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88-426, title II, § 304(b), 78
to.th
FORMER PRESIDENT EISENHOWER: ALLOWANCE COMPEN-
Stat. 422.)
(June
SATION OF OFFICE STAFF; WIDOW'S PENSION
AMENDMENTS
Allowance to former President Eisenhower as preclud-
1964-Pub. L. 88-426 included the Executive Secretary.
ing entitlement to pay of General of the Army. compensa-
of the National Aeronautics and Space Council, and
For
tion of office staff to former President to be reduced by
substituted provisions permitting the President to fix the
sectio:
pay of military assistants to the General of the Army,
compensation of the enumerated personnel at rates of
and benefits of widow of former President unaffected by
basic compensation not more than that of level II of the
S.10S.
40
restoration of military status, sce Appointment of Gen-
Federal Executive Salary Schedule for provisions which
eral of the Army note under former sections 1691-1697
limited the compensation of such personnel to two at
Sect
of Title 50, Appendix.
rates not more than $22,500, three at not more than
to accc
$21,000. seven at not more than $20,000 and three at not
$ 103. Traveling expenses.
more than $18,500 per annum.
In
There may be expended for or on account of the
1961-Pub. L. 87-367 authorized the President to in
In,sect
crease the compensation of three assistants to the Presi-
traveling expenses of the President of the United
effect.
dent from $17,500 to $18,500 per annum.
States such sum as Congress may from time to time
inent (
1949-Act Oct. 15. 1040, increased compensation of
secretaries, and executive, administrative, and staff assist-
It was
appropriate, not exceeding $40,000 per annum, such
title:IV
sum when appropriated to be expended in the dis-
ants.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1964 AMENDMENT
cretion of the President and accounted for on his
Amendment of section by Pub. L. 88-426 effective on
Act (
certificate solely. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62
the first day of the first pay period which begins on or
that pt
Stat. 678.)
after July 1, 1964, except to the extent provided in section
from V:
501 (c) of Pub. L. 88-426, see section 501 of Pub. L. 83-420,
25, 1948
§ 104. Salary of the Vice President.
set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 5, Executive
part
The Vice President shall receive in full for his
Departments and Government Officers and Employees.
section
services during the term for which he shall have been
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1961 AMENDMENT
§ 109.
elected the sum of $43,000 a year, to be paid
Amendments of this section by Pub. L. 87-367 effective
Ma
monthly. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 678; Jan.
at the beginning of the first pay period which begins on
or after the sixtieth day following Oct. 4, 1961, see section
The
10, 1949, ch. 2, $ 1 (b), 63 Stat. 4; Mar. 2, 1955, ch. 9,
305 of Pub. L. 87-367, set out as a note under section
of the
$ 4 (c), 69 Stat. 11: Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88-426,
2203 of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government
design.
title III, § 304(a), 78 Stat. 422.)
Officers and Employees.
have
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1949 AMENDMENT
AMENDMENTS
for the
1904-Pub. L. 80-426 increased the Vice President's
The increased compensation provided for by act Oct
and
salary from $35,000 to $45,000 per year.
15. 1940. took effect on the first day of the first pay period
office,
1055- Act. Mar. 2. 1955. increased the compensation of
after Oct. 15, 1949. see section 9 of act Oct. 15. 1043:
set out as a note under section 273 of Title 2, The
said
the Vice President from $30,000 to $35,000.
1940-Act. Jan. 10, 1940. increased the Vice President's
Congress.
proved
salary from $20,000 per year to $30,000.
REPEALS
A
comp
Act July 31, 1956, ch. 804. title I. § 100, 70 Stat. 740
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1964 AMENDMENT
which amended this section to authorize the President
the
Amendment of section by Pub. L. 88-426 effective on the
to fix the compensation of additional secretaries or other
first day of the first pay period which begins on or after
public
immediate staff assistants and increased salary rates.
July 1, 1964. except to the extent provided in section
repealed by Pub. L. 88-426, title III, $ 305(1). Aug. 14
501 (c) of Pub. L. 68-426, see section 501 of Pub. L. 88-426,
1964. 78 Stat. 422.
/
it!
set out as n note under section 1113 of Title 5, Executive
CROSS REFERENCES
Departments and Government Officers and Employees.
Former Presidents, office staff, see note set out under
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1955 AMENDMENT
section 102 of this title.
Amendment of section by act Mar. 2, 1955, effective
Mar. 1, 1955, see note under section 31 of Title 2, The
S 106. Administrative assistants.
Congress.
The President is authorized to appoint not to on
or
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1949 AMENDMENT
ceed six administrative assistants and to Rx
June2
Amendment of section by act Jan. 19, 1949, effective
compensation in accordance with section 10, of this
at noon on Jan. 20, 1949, see note set out under section
102 of this title.
title. Each such administrative assistant strail per:
form such duties as the President may
LONG-DISTANCE TELEPHONE CALLS
(June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 678; Oct. 15, 1942
Sections 46c and 46d of Title 2, The Congress, relating
to long-distance telephone calls for Senators are made
ch. 695, S 2 (b), 63 Stat. 880.)
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AT THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
(Transition to Conservative/Republicar
Control Under President Nixon's Management.)
December 5, 1968
SOME GENERAL COMMENTS:
Skillful management and pruning of personnel resources at
the Department of State will be required to provide
President Nixon with foreign policy machinery the reliability
of which is beyond question. Low morale within the Depart-
ment of State and the tendency to forecast any well-
intentioned Republican reforms as "McCarthyism", a "purge"
or a "witch hunt" suggests that the long-overdue personnel
clean-up will have to be performed with skill, tact, and,
most importantly, with meticulous regard for due process regal
and the legal rights of persons affected. (The Otepka
case 1s evidence that such due process has not always
existed in the past several years.)
The Foreign Service personnel system's autonomy will have
to be the major focus of any reform program that hopes
to get off the ground. This autonomy--long presented as
essential for preserving the integrity of the Foreign
Service--in fact has produced the opposite effect. Only
those in critical areas where it 18 possible to fight
arbeitrary actions by personnel manipulation have tenure.
This has led to a self-promoting and interlocking group
of cliques which can only be broken up by a superior
authority from outside the Department of State. It is
a reform that can be accomplished without injury to
individuals and with great benefit to the national interest
SPECIFIC SUGGESTIONS:
1. Immediate Implementation of a Three-Phase Program.
Such a program for ensuring control of key personnel
and functions in the Department of State was submitted
on November 11 to the Republican Key Issues Committee.
A Copy of that paper is attached as Appendix I.
2. Creation of a Permanent Foreign Service Board of Review.
good
It might be claimed that such bodies exist (e.g., 22 CFR
7.1 (1968) .) In fact such as do exist are subordinate
to the whims of the Department of State authorities and
their authority in law and in practice is very limited.
What is needed 18 a board in continual session which 18
required to sanction all major internal personnel actions
at the Department of State. Control of the Board would
be tightly held in the hands of the White House. No one could
advance
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
-2-
in the Foreign Service or be dismissed from the Service
without first coming before the scrutiny of this board
in person, if possible. At the present time there 18
no mechanism whatsoever to insure that uniformly high
standards are applied service-wide. Regulations are
often at cross-purposes, complex and as a result the
most critical personnel functions of foreign policy
often are in the hands of self-serving cliques who have
no way of measuring the impact of their decisions upon
US policy (at best) or who use personnel manipulation
as a way of achieving a policy goal (at worst), that
can not be defended on its own merits. If the national
interest is served by the present system it 18 often by
accident.
The primary function of the new Board, a kind of watch-dog
for the President over State Department personnel, 18 to
insure that--in addition to being technically qualified-:
our diplomatic officers are the kind of representatives
of the United States we want serving abroad. The Board
would have wide authority to enforce standards believed
vital (Note Appendix II, for example, which illustrates
the low language levels of higher officers being promoted
in the service. ) Above all the Board would guarantee that
an American character is retained by the US Foreign Service.
3. Re-Study Current Foreign Service Promotion List. The
submission of the Foreign Service Officer promotion list
yes
for Congressional approval should be delayed pending
re-examination by the incoming Republican Administration
of the Department's entire personnel program, policies,
and practices. To fail to suspend action will cost
the new Nixon administration an entire year of impact
upon the Kennedy/Johnson establishment--during the first
and most critical year. On the other hand, if the new
Administration makes it clear immediately that it intends
to take an active interest in personnel matters, the
effect upon foreign service attitudes will be great. In
"normal" years, the list is published in March, but this
year rumor has it that the outgoing administration will
make the list public prior to January 20 as a "fare ell
present" to those who have served it faithfully.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
JAN 13 1969
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT-ELECT
Richard M. Nixon
Ressinger
Harlow
December 1, 1968
450 Park Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10022
(212) 661-6400
Honorable Roswell B. Perkins
Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons & Gates
320 Park Avenue
New York, New York. 10022
Dear Rod:
Let me start with your post script: I do know Henry Kissinger
quite well; we have just been together, repeatedly, this week.
Your November 15 letter is one of the most constructive and
useful documents, in my opinion, that anyone could hope for in
dealing with the serious problems of transition. I am eternally
grateful to you, and so will be (or certainly should be). I am
sharing your very compelling ideas with a number of others here-
abouts.
I suppose little more will need to be added, except to express
the hope that as other opportunities for effective work here
occur to you, please share them with me.
I would relish an early visit. Perhaps we could lunch?
With warm regard.
Sincerely,
Bryce N. Harlow
Assistant to the
President-Elect
BNH:kmb
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
DEBEVOISE, PLIMPTON, LYONS & GATES
ELI WHITNEY DEBEVOISE
FRANCIS PLIMPTON
320 PARK AVENUE
MARVIN LYONS
SAMUEL E. GATES
SIDNEY G. EDWARDS
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10022
CHARLES ANGULO
OSCAR M. RUEBHAUSEN
A.FAIRFIELD DANA
COUNSEL
THOMAS T. RICHMOND
WILLIAM EVERDELL III
TELEPHONE: (212) PLAZA 2-6400
CHARLES I. PIERCE, JR.
EARLE J. STARKEY
D BRET CARLSON
CABLE: DEBSTEVE NEW YORK
EUROPEAN OFFICE
GEORGE N. LINDSAY
TELEX: 224400
JAMES B. WELLES, JR.
5, PLACE DU PALAIS BOURBON
ROSWELL B. PERKINS
ROBERT B VONMEHREN
PARIS 7 ème
HAROLD H HEALY, JR.
JOSEPH BARBASH
CHESTER BILLINGS, JR.
TELEPHONES
{
468-11-51
705-80-49
MICHAEL H GOFF
WILLIAM B. MATTESON
BARRY R. BRYAN
CABLE: DEBSTEVE PARIS
RICHARD D KAHN
WILLIAM PHILO CLARK
TELEX: 25602
J. ASA ROUNTREE
GEORGE B. ADAMS,JR.
ROBERT J. GENIESSE
ANDREW C. HARTZELL, JR.
PHILIP S. WINTERER
STEPHEN BENJAMIN
LOUIS BEGLEY
November 15, 1968
GUY PASCHAL
DAVID V. SMALLEY
CECIL WRAY, JR.
JOHN SANN
ASSOCIATE COUNSEL
The Honorable Bryce Harlow
c/o Headquarters of President-
Elect Nixon
Hotel Pierre
Fifth Avenue and 61st Street
New York, New York
Dear Bryce:
Again, a million congratulations on your appoint-
ment. I can sincerely say that nothing could have pleased
me more. I had the highest regard for your services to
President Eisenhower, and I know that you will do the same
for President Nixon.
You will be deluged with advice and special plead-
ings of one sort or another in the weeks ahead. I have no
special pleading, and am not seeking (and could not accept)
a job in Washington. However, I have a number of things on
my mind, and I will unburden them all at once, even though
they are somewhat unrelated.
Then, I would like very much to have lunch or din-
ner with you some time in the next six weeks, if you find
you can spare the time.
1. Conflict-of-Interest Problems.
As you well know, the Eisenhower administration did
not come off too well on the subject of conflict-of-interest,
although some of the attacks were unjustified. In my opinion
it is essential that the Nixon administration establish--and
demonstrate that it has established--a high degree of sensi-
tivity to conflict-of-interest problems.
After I left Washington, in the period
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
The Honorable Bryce Harlow
-2-
November 15, 1968
1958-60 I chaired a special committee of the Association of
the Bar of the City of New York which made an extensive
study of the conflict-of-interest laws and proposed specific
revisions designed to make them more realistic and less of
a barrier to both full-time (but short-term) and part-time
service. Since the confirmation procedures of the commit-
tees of the Senate are not statutory, we could of course
recommend no legislation, but did express ideas as to
guidelines.
President Kennedy picked up our proposed legisla-
tion, and Nick Katzenbach and others (including ourselves)
pushed it through Congress in a simplified form. I wrote
a Harvard Law Review article on the new legislation, a copy
of which is enclosed.
The Kennedy-Johnson administration did much better
on conflicts-of-interest, with the help of the new statute.
The present Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Of-
fice of Legal Counsel, Frank Wozencraft, is very alert to,
but eminently sensible and practical in connection with so-
lution of, conflict-of-interest problems.
My plea is that you set up a procedure immediately
for reviewing prospective appointments from the conflict-of-
interest viewpoint and trying to work out problems as early
as possible and as quietly as possible. This is important
not only from the viewpoint of protecting the new admini-
stration against adverse publicity, but also from the view-
point of aiding in the recruitment of the people you want.
As a starter, I suggest that you discuss this
with Frank Wozencraft and see whether you could work out
a procedure for him to assist you, perhaps with a legal
staff of your own in addition. (Your legal staff could
consist of the person who will be Wozencraft's successor,
if you knew who that will be. However, you should not
await his designation, in my judgment. ) I think Frank
would be completely nonpolitical in his approach, and the
subject is too important to fail in getting the best pos-
sible advice. In addition, you may want to consider an-
nouncing an interim panel of outside lawyers to review
conflict-of-interest matters for the new administration
prior to January 20, working in conjunction with the
Justice Department.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
The Honorable Bryce Harlow
-3-
November 15, 1968
After the Nixon administration is in office, I
strongly urge a very active coordinating and clearing-
house type of role for either a White House unit or a unit
within the Justice Department, in order to assure that con-
flict-of-interest problems are being handled effectively
and with some degree of uniformity among the Departments
and agencies.
2. Appointments to H.E.W.
Of course, the staffing of H.E.W. is crucial from
President Nixon's viewpoint, since it will indicate to a
large number of people what his basic attitudes will be in
these areas. I think that Dick must work very hard to
establish the image of warmth and sympathy for the problems
of the disadvantaged and sophistication in the approach to
solving these problems.
My first suggestion is that Dick offer the Secre-
taryship of H.E.W. a second time to John Gardner--a matter
which I am sure you have all discussed. No one is more
qualified, and I still do not understand all the circum-
stances of his resignation from the Johnson administration.
He is a lifelong Republican. While it might strike some
people as a grandstand play, the choice of Gardner would
be a tremendously meaningful act to everyone in the fields
of health, education and welfare. I frankly doubt that
John would consider going back to H.E.W., but the President-
elect would have won himself hundreds of thousands of
"brownie points" from people whose sympathies are not en-
tirely with him at the present time.
Assuming John turned the job down, the effort
must still be to get someone of his quality. I have not
thought hard enough about who the best people are, but
would be glad to participate in a selection search if you
need help. Above all, it must not be a Ribicoff-type ap-
pointment.
Either as a possible appointee or an advisor, I
would hope that you would ring in my immediate successor
as Assistant Secretary of H.E.W., Elliot Richardson, who
is now the Attorney General of Massachusetts. I recom-
mended Elliot for the job to Marion Folsom and he performed
superbly. I am writing Elliot today to elicit his ideas.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
The Honorable Bryce Harlow
-4-
November 15, 1968
If you do not have any particular ideas as to
personnel for H.E.W., you might consider convening an in-
terested group to make up a list of names and see what
could be flushed out. (Even the present Secretary, Wilbur
Cohen, might contribute some good ideas. As you know, he
is a very able and perceptive professional who knows many
people.)
3. Department of Transportation.
I am sure you are fully familiar with the back-
ground of the Department of Transportation. It was pro-
posed many years ago by Nelson Rockefeller to President
Eisenhower when the former was Chairman of the President's
Committee on Government Organization ("PACGO").
A new Republican administration ought to embrace
the Department of Transportation with enthusiasm. I am
inclined to think that the present Secretary, Alan Boyd, is
good, and that he should be fully consulted. The field of
transportation was woefully neglected for many years, ex-
cept possibly for roads. Moreover, the Eisenhower road con-
struction program tended to unbalance the situation with
respect to other modes of transportation.
The problem of mass transportation around the
cities is by far the most important aspect of the whole
picture, and how to help the ailing railroads is the next
most important. Airport construction is the third.
I wrote John Lindsay's "white paper" on transpor-
tation for his campaign for the Mayoralty, which was well
received, and served as Chairman of a Transportation Task
Force for him for several months after his election. Also,
I have had a chance to observe some facets of railroad
matters in my law practice. Accordingly, my interest in
the area is great, although I am no expert. I will be glad
to try to help from time to time if it would be of any use.
4. Executive Interchange Program.
As you may know, the Johnson administration ap-
pointed a committee to work out a program for exchange of
young executives between government and industry, for
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
The Honorable Bryce Harlow
-5-
November 15, 1968
periods of two-years or less. This committee includes rep-
resentatives of business, such as Leonard F. McCollum of
Continental Oil, Donald Cook of American Electric Power,
T. Roland Berner of Curtiss-Wright, former Secretary of
Commerce Alexander Trowbridge and others. I am also a
member of this committee. The draft report, I think, is
a good one, and I think that the program should be adopted
by a new administration.
I understand from Sandy Trowbridge that efforts
are afoot to revamp the committee so as to change the aus-
pices and make it more of a Nixon-developed program. This
is fine, but the main thing is not to let the ball drop.
John Macy is one of the spearheads of this effort,
as is Frank Wozencraft whom I mentioned above. I would sug-
gest that, in due course, you discuss its status with John
Macy.
5. Reconstruction and Economic Development Pro-
gram for Vietnam.
I believe that one of the most useful things the
new President could do in his inaugural address or State
of the Union message would be to state in strong and fresh
terms a theme enunciated by President Johnson in a speech
at Johns Hopkins University nearly two years ago, namely,
putting the United States behind a major reconstruction
and economic development program for Southeast Asia (and,
in particular, South Vietnam) as soon as the war can be
brought to an end. This positive note would have the tre-
mendous advantage of setting everybody's sights ahead of
and above the present morass, and hopefully would serve to
give impetus to the peace talks.
I would personally recommend that the President-
elect follow up such a policy statement with the designa-
tion of a committee of both government and nongovernment
personnel to work out a blueprint for a "Marshall Plan" for
Southeast Asia. I suspect that a tremendous amount has
been done in this direction already, but it has not been
publicized--and perhaps for very good reasons. Hopefully,
the reasons (if any) for relative silence as to post-war
reconstruction planning can be overcome.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
The Honorable Bryce Harlow
-6-
November 15, 1968
Since Johnson has (so far as I know) said vir-
tually nothing about this subject since his Johns Hopkins
speech, Nixon could pick up the ball without undue fear
of being tagged as "me too." And even if people do remem-
ber the Johns Hopkins speech, they will nevertheless ap-
plaud Nixon for moving in this direction so promptly.
6. Governor John Chafee.
As a Harvard Law School contemporary and friend
of John Chafee, and also a summer resident of Rhode
Island, I was deeply chagrined over John's loss. As you
may know, it followed the death of his daughter from an
accident with her horse, which put a virtual stopper to
John's campaigning. The whole thing is deeply tragic.
I hope that you will find a way to call John to
New York in the near future, and would also find a high
place for him in the administration. (For all I know,
this has already been done.) It seems to me that he would
be useful in a number of jobs, since he has a very broad
experience--including (I believe) the Marine Corps. I
think he would serve well in the Defense Department or the
Department of Commerce.
*
*
*
I was greatly encouraged by the public statement
emanating from the Nixon headquarters between the election
and your designation to the effect that Dick's appointments
would be on the basis of "excellence." I regard his first
staff appointment as a clear manifestation of this standard.
I hope and pray that you will continue, as an administra-
tion, to match this standard. Political debts can be paid
in a million ways-but service to the people, and hence to
Dick's own success and his place in history--can be
achieved only by an uncompromising quest for quality.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
The Honorable Bryce Harlow
-7-
November 15, 1968
With best wishes, and please give me a call if
you can spare time for a chat about the foregoing matters
and others.
Sincerely yours,
God Roswell B. Perkins
Enclosure
P.S. Do you know Henry Kissinger personally? If not, I
am most anxious to get you together.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
department OF STATE
Washington, D.C. 20520
any any an
JAN 7 1968
CONFIDENTIAL
December 4 1968
MEMORANDUM FOR AMBASSADOR MURPHY
Subject: Message from Lodge
I thought you might wish to
have today this telegram from
Cabot Lodge on Senator Brooke's
conversation with Chancellor
Kiesinger.
Biu
William Leonhart
Attachment
Kissinger
CONFIDENTIAL
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
m Bryce Harlow
UNITED DEPARTMENT STATES OF OF AMERICA STATE
742
Department of State
TELEGRAM
CONFIDENTIAL 443
PAGE 01 BONN 20062 041400Z
1
49
ACTION SS 25
INFO EUR 15,H 02, CPR 02, NSC 10,P 04, RSR 01, RSC 01,/060 W
002496
R 0413432 DEC 68
FM AMEMBASSY BONN
TO SECSTATE WASHDC 1196
CONFIDENTIAL BONN 20062
FOR AMBASSADOR MURPHY (S/NL) FROM LODGE
1. CHANCELLOR KIESINGER EXPRESSED GREAT INTEREST IN THE
DESIGNATION OF HENRY KISSINGER TO BE PRESIDENT NIXON'S SPECIAL
ASSISTANT. AT A MEETING WITH SENATOR BROOKE AND LODGE, THE
CHANCELLOR EXPRESSED GREAT ADMIRATION FOR KISSINGER AND FOR HIS
WIDE KNOWLEDGE OF EUROPEAN PROBLEMS.
2. SENATOR BROOKE SUGGESTED THAT THE CHANCELLOR MIGHT LIKE TO
VISIT THE NEXT PRESIDENT IN WASHINGTON IN THE SPRING. THE
CHANCELLOR SAID HE THOUGHT THIS WAS A VERY GOOD IDEA. SENATOR
BROOKE ALSO RECOMMENDED THAT MINISTER OF ECONOMICS SCHILLER COME
TO THE UNITED STATES WHERE, BROOKE FELT, HE COULD DO MUCH GOOD.
LODGE
CONFIDENTIAL
22
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
File
Harlaw
December 18, 1968
Kisusiger
JAN 4 1968
Admiral Arleigh Burke, Director
Center for Strategic Studies
810 - 18th Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20006
Dear Arleigh:
Two letters from you in one day simply doubles my
pleasure; I hope the delay in this response has not
doubled your displeasure!
Your suggestions will be handled as you suggest in
your first letter of the 27th of November -- they
and the attachments will be put in the right hands
hereabouts and those involved will be in touch with
you.
The media problem is a particularly difficult problem
for any Administration, but I think you are on the right
trace; at least I hope so!
I continue to rely, as always, on your counsel.
Warmly,
Bryce N. Harlow
Assistant to the
President-Elect
BNH:ph
CC: Kissinger and Chapin
2nd letter: Kissinger and Klein
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
ARLEIGH BURKE
SUITE 600
810 EIGHTEENTH STREET, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006
27 November 1968
Dear Bryce:
In regard to the comment in your letter of
November 20 pertaining to instructions, the one thing
you are not going to need is a lot of advice from an
old sailor. You're going to get so much guidance
from so many people that if it were properly mixed
with a phosphate and distributed throughout the United
States, all of the tremendous fertilizer industries
would be ruined.
Because I am known to impose upon my friends,
as well as being an admirer of the American Ordnance
Association, I am enclosing for your information a
copy of a letter from that association to Mr. Nixon.
I know that Mr. Nixon cannot make a specific commit-
ment for 14 May as of now, but if the general idea
is acceptable to him, the AOA will go ahead with the
rest of the program in the hopes that Mr. Nixon can
be present for a short while.
This might be a good opportunity for Mr. Nixon
to make an important speech on his views on the defense
of the country, or the relationships between industry
and the government, or some similar topic, to a very
influential audience. The audience will consist of
the leading manufacturers of the country who have an
interest in national security. They are eager to help
the government and they have been very discouraged in
the last few years because of the way things have been
run, and particularly with the lack of goals or even
a general idea of what might be expected in the future.
I do hope that Mr. Nixon can give this an upcheck.
I am sending some enclosures which explain what
the American Ordnance Association is. They are
numbered 1, 2, and 3 in the order of importance.
Perhaps they can be skimmed by whoever on the staff
is responsible for such matters.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
With warmest regards,
Sincerely yours,
Avleyh
ARLEIGH BURKE
Mr. Bryce N. Harlow
Office of the President-Elect
Pierre Hotel
61st Street and Fifth Avenue
New York, New York
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
810 18th STREET, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006
Telephone (202) 783-7950
OFFICERS
27 November 1968
*Arleigh Burke
Director of the Center
*David M. Abshire
Executive Secretary
Dear Bryce:
SENIOR STAFF
Alvin J. Cottrell
This second letter to you on the same day is
Norman A. Bailey
Sevinc Carlson
really imposing on you, but you might be interested
Gordon D. Gayle
in a program which the Center for Strategic Studies is
Robert A. Kilmarx
James H. McBride
going to try. As you know better than anyone, the
Michael A. Samuels
M. Jon Vondracek
media in Washington frequently operates on an emotional
Communications
bias, and their reporting is sometimes anything but
WRITER-IN-RESIDENCE
objective. They have come to distrust briefings and
Richard J. Whalen
handouts, because it is very difficult in briefings
RESEARCH COUNCIL
to encourage the freedom of exchange of information
*Philip E. Mosely, Chairman
Columbia University
essential to a thorough understanding of the problem.
Kenneth E. BeLieu
Washington, D. C.
Karl H. Cerny
Georgetown University
About six months ago we had a seminar on Vietnam
Jules Davids
Georgetown University
attended by a mixture of media people, governmental
*Joseph S. Farland
'ashington, D. C.
officials, and academic persons, who had a very free
Walter V. Laqueur
of Contemporary
exchange of views. As a result some of the reporters
History (London)
Kurt L. London
changed their views, and some of the government people
George BY asbington University
Laurence W. Martin
realized the difficulties of getting knowledge across
University of London
in their briefings.
Thomas C. Schelling
Harvard University
Joseph L. Tryon
Georgetown University
Therefore, early in 1969 the Center plans to
Charles W. Wagley
Columbia University
institute on a systematic basis a continuing seminar
Richard L. Walker
University of South Carolina
with members of the Washington press corps both from
Henry C. Wallich
Yale University
the domestic and foreign media. We will have an
Robert E. Ward
University of Michigan
informal steering committee to guide the program.
John C. Warner
Carnegie-Mellon University
The steering committee will include Center board
ADVISORY BOARD
members and associates such as Arthur Krock, Kenneth
*Karl K. Bendetsen,
Gilmore, Richard Whalen, and other similar persons.
Chairman
Robert B. Anderson
Isaac L. Auerbach
Frank R. Barnett
We will hope to create a climate in which media
Kennech E. BeLien
members can increase the objectivity and accuracy of
Donald C. Burnham
Peter II. Dominick
their reporting. We know that the media will attend
*Joseph S. Farland
Gerald R. Ford
only news-oriented discussions, so each seminar will
*James B. Horigan, S.J.
be built around a single policy issue under study at
Frank N. Ikard
*Arthur Krock
the Center, or a development in national security or
*Morris I. Leibman
Neil H. McElroy
foreign policy which suddenly emerges. These seminars
Claiborne Pell
should also serve as a way for select executive and
Arthur W. Radford
Frederick Seitz
legislative persons to enter into an exchange with the
Robert B. Semple
*C. E. Straight
media without attribution.
Matt S. Szymczak
*Arthur G. Trudeau
John C. Warner
Clement J. Zablocki
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
We hope that this will be helpful in clarifying issues
without any commitments to a single solution.
We believe that such a program cannot be run by a
government agency, but that if it is run by the Center which
is not connected with the government but with the best
interests of the United States at heart, it can be useful.
With warmest regards,
Sincerely yours,
Arleigh
ARLEIGH BURKE
Mr. Bryce N. Harlow
Office of the President-Elect
Pierre Hotel
61st Street and Fifth Avenue
New York, New York
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
HARLON
file
December 30, 1968
MEMORANDUM FOR BRYCE HARLOW
From: Henry A. Kissinger
Subject: Reply to letter from Senator Goldwater
Attached, per your request, is a proposed reply
to a letter from Senator Goldwater. I have
suggested that the Senator meet with either
Secretary-Designate Rogers or myself to discuss
the issues listed in his letter.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
Dear Barry:
Many thanks for your very useful letter on the
nuclear disarmament issue. Many of the problems you
raise have long concerned me, and one of the first
pieces of business for the new Administration will be
a hard look at the entire question.
Perhaps the best way to proceed would be to ask
Henry Kissinger to sit down with you shortly after
the inauguration for a discussion of the problem.
You may also want to take the subject up with Bill
Rogers. Between the two, you will be dealing with
the men most immediately concerned with the examination
I hope to get underway shortly after the 20th.
Unless you would prefer to handle this in some
other way, I will ask Dr. Kissinger to get in touch
with you later in the month.
I hope that you and I will be able to get together
for a discussion of your Latin America trip and the
nuclear issue some time in the next month or two.
With warm regards,
Sincerely,
Richard M. Nixon
The Honorable Barry Goldwater
3800 North Central Avenue
Phoenix, Arizona 85012
G - X
Subject: Meeting to discuss nuclear disarmament
HAK
sd
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
Henny Kinnger 12/18
Can your folk good me
a rough dreaft of
a suitable reply to
this for RN?
Buyer
as been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to
12/23
Barry Goldwater
3800 NORTH CENTRAL AVENUE
PHOENIX. ARIZONA 85012
Dictated December 6, 1968, Pisco, Peru
Transcribed December 11, 1968, Phoenix, Arizona
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
450 Park Avenue
DEC 2 3 1968
New York City, New York
Dear Dick:
You personally are, of course, too busy to do anything
about what this letter will discuss, but I wish you
would put it into the hands of somebody in the field SO
that I can discuss it with you or them at the earliest
convenience.
The subject is nuclear disarmament, the treaties we now
have and the treaty which is proposed.
As I recall it, the bill which set up the Arms Control
Agency was passed some time in late September, 1961.
The purposes of the legislation were never made clear,
and from the very outset the whole thing had a rather
peculiar odor to it. Either just at the end of that
year or at the beginning of 1962, a friend of mine wrote
me enclosing a clipping from a Geneva paper stating that
the now well known three part treaty aimed at the total
disarmament of Russia and the United States had been
proposed.
I always had the distinct feeling that negotiations for
this treaty had commenced long before the Arms Control
Agency had been set up. I do not recall the State De-
partment paper put out on this, after there was much
hue and cry from the citizenry of our country, but it
was a blue paper with the number 247 or something like
that.
Briefly, the proposal was a three part one, the first to
be accomplished in three years, which, in effect, was to
destroy each country's abilities to transport nuclear
devices. The major portion of this first part called for
our scrapping our B-47 fleet and Russia scrapping her
Badger fleet. We have accomplished the scrapping of our
B-47s, but her Badger fleet has not been touched, to my
knowledge. The Badger was a comparable airplane to the
47, although not as good, but it could do the job.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
Page Two
December 11, 1968
Following this was the Test Ban Treaty which I, along
with every other member of the Preparedness Subcommittee,
with the exception of one and maybe two, voted against.
We voted against it mainly for the reason that we were
convinced from the still secret testimony of scientists
and military experts that we had not solved the EMP
problem and we felt that the Russians had in their series
of high magnitude, high altitude tests in 1960 and 1961.
The leadership to attain this treaty stemmed from Pres-
dent Kennedy, but I have always felt that he was motivated
by the personnel of the Arms Control Agency plus the usual
coterie of the New York Times, the Washington Post, etc.
The other day, I read in a speech made by Scoop Jackson,
who is particularly knowledgeable in these fields, where
he stated that we had not solved the problems of EMP and
inferred that we could not solve them without further
high altitude or out-of-the atmosphere tests. I will not
elaborate on the dangers of not being able to overcome
these effects, but someone should brief you on them as
they are short and rather frightening.
You are going to be urged to back the Non-Proliferation
Treaty which is being pushed by the identical people
who pushed the other effort, that unilateral disarmament.
The purpose of this letter is to urge you to commence a
study immediately, if you have not already done so, cal-
ling on whatever experts you care to, plus a review of
the secret testimony still locked up in the safe of the
Preparedness Subcommittee, to try and get at the reasons
why all of the haste was made and all of the new waste
has been suffered.
To top this all off, and it may not have come to your
attention, Robert McNamara, who was one of the chief
proponents of all of the treaties and unilateral dis-
armament, just the other day was in Russia conferring
with Kosygin on the Non-Proliferation Treaty. The
question immediately came to my mind, why is the head
of the World Bank SO busliy engaged in discussing
treaties in an entirely different field with a head of
state not particularly friendly to the free world?
This is being dictated at sea and will be mailed as
soon as we reach a port and will be transcribed in
Phoenix and will be mailed to you in New York or
Washington. Either I can contact you or you can con-
tact me after my return to the United States on Decem-
ber the 16th if you care to discuss this, or have one
of your staff discuss it with me a bit further.
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
Page Three
December 11, 1968
In a rather hurried trip through Brazil, the Argentine
and Chile, I am quite a bit dismayed at what I am hear-
ing about the reaction of the citizenry to the United
States and, as you well know, this has long been
another subject of great interest to me that I would
like to discuss with you at your leisure.
Peggy joins me in the very fondest to you, Pat, and
your wonderful family.
With best personal wishes,
Barry OR
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.
12 DEC
ZIP
CODE
Barry Goldwater
1358
P.O. BOX 1601
PHOENIA
U.S.POSTAGE
SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA 85252
DEC12''8
06
son
The Honorable Richard M. Nixon
450 Park Avenue
New York City, New York
This document has been reviewed pursuant to E.O. 13526 and has been determined to be declassified.