Ask the Scholar
Document scope · 1 page
Scholar
Ask about this object, its catalog metadata, its source description, or the page inventory.
For page-specific OCR and visual context, open one of the page chats.
Scholar Source Context
Document identity
localId
536448530
label
JL 1-1: Pardon - Tokyo Rose (Iva Toguri) (3)
core
doc
dtoType
document
citationUrl
pageCount
1
Source metadata
id
536448530
contentType
document
title
JL 1-1: Pardon - Tokyo Rose (Iva Toguri) (3)
citationUrl
collections
Kenneth A. Lazarus Files (Ford Administration)
Kenneth Lazarus's Subject Files
subjects
Japan
World War, 1939-1945
Pardon
Japanese Americans
thumbnailUrl
largeImageUrl
imageCount
1
hasImages
yes
source
import
hasTranscription
no
Source extras
naId
536448530
coverageEndDate
logicalDate
1976-12-31
month
12
year
1976
coverageStartDate
logicalDate
1976-08-01
month
8
year
1976
levelOfDescription
fileUnit
recordType
description
ocrSource
nara-archive
Single page context
seq
1
pageIndex
0
type
document
mediaId
e3931ec56a909fc5
ocrText
The original documents are located in Box 20, folder "JL 1-1: Pardon - Tokyo Rose
(Iva Toguri) (3)" of the Kenneth Lazarus Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential
Library.
Copyright Notice
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of
photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United
States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections.
Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public
domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to
remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid
copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.
Some items in this folder were not digitized because it contains copyrighted
materials. Please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library for access to
these materials.
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
From: Robert T. Hartmann RTA
To:
Philip Buchen
a.m.
Date:
December 2, 1976 Time:
p.m.
Per our telephone conversation.
Thanks!
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
December 2, 1976
Dear Dr. Uyeda:
Thank you for sending to me the correspondence
and background on the Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino
case.
I have forwarded the package of material to
Mr. Philip Buchen, Counsel to the President,
who handles these matters.
With kind regards.
Sincerely,
ROBERT T. HARTMANN
Counsellor to the President
Dr. Clifford I. Uyeda
Chairman
Japanese American Citizens League
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, California 94115
CC: Mr. Wayne Horiuchi
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
November 18, 1976
Mr. Hartmann:
Wayne Horiuchi of the Japanese
American Citizens League called.
223-1240.
He would like to have an appointment
with you (along with David Ushio,
National Director of the organization)
the week after Thanksgiving to discuss
a Presidential pardon for Tokyo Rose.
(see attached correspondence).
Gail
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
COMMITTEE FOR IVA TOGURI
OF THE
JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
JACL Headquarters Bldg.
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, California 94115
Attorney Wayne M. Collins,
Clifford I. Uyeda, M.D.
Consultant
Chairman
Partial Listing -
Individual Endorsements:
November 18, 1976
Gov. George A. Ariyoshi, Hawaii
Mayor Tom Bradley, Los Angeles
Rep. Yvonne B. Burke, California
Lt Gov. Melvyn Dymally, California
Secretary of State March Fong Eu, Calif.
Rep. Donald M. Fraser, Minnesota
Mr. Robert T. Hartmann,
Prof. S.I. Hayakawa, S.F. State Univ.
Rep. Spark M. Matsunaga, Hawaii
Counsellor to the President
Rep. Abner J. Mikva, Illinois
The White House
Assemblyman S. Floyd Mori, California
Mayor George R. Moscone, San Francisco
1600 Pennyslvania Ave., N.W.
Rep. B.F. Sisk, California
Washington, D.C. 20500
Atty Gen. Evelle J. Younger, California
Organizational Endorsements:
Dear Mr. Hartmann:
American Civil Liberties Union,
No. Calif. Chapter
Americans for Democratic Action,
Enclosed please find copy of a letter forwarded
No. Calif. Chapter
to President Ford.
California State Legislature
National Council of the
Churches of Christ
Yesterday, the official petition for presidential
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
San Francisco Commission on
pardon was mailed from the San Francisco post office to
the Status of Women
the Pardon Attorney, Lawrence M. Traylor, as called for
Willard Anderson Post #2471,
VFW, Dalles, Oregon
in the protocol.
Media Editorial Endorsements:
Dayton Daily News (Ohio)
We would greatly appreciate your assistance in
Denver Post
bringing this matter up to the President.
Honolulu Advertiser
Los Angeles Times
Minneapolis Tribune
Thank you.
San Francisco Chronicle
San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco KFRC-Radio
Sincerely yours,
Seattle Post Intelligencer
Washington Star (D.C.)
Supporting Articles:
Clifard Ungela
Chicago Daily News
Chicago Tribune
Clifford I. Uyeda, M.D.
Christian Science Monitor
Chairman.
Honolulu Star-Bulletin
National Observer
Wall Street Journal
Washington Post
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
COMMITTEE FOR IVA TOGURI
OF THE
JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
JACL Headquarters Bldg.
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, California 94115
Attorney Wayne M. Collins,
Clifford I. Uyeda, M.D.
Consultant
Chairman
November 17, 1976
Partial Listing -
Individual Endorsements:
Gov. George A. Ariyoshi, Hawaii
Mayor Tom Bradley, Los Angeles
Rep. Yvonne B. Burke, California
Hon. Gerald R. Ford
Lt Gov. Melvyn Dymally, California
President of the United States
Secretary of State March Fong Eu, Calif.
Rep. Donald M. Fraser, Minnesota
The White House
Prof. S.I. Hayakawa, S.F. State Univ.
Rep. Spark M. Matsunaga, Hawaii
Washington, D.C. 20500
Rep. Abner J. Mikva, Illinois
Assemblyman S. Floyd Mori, California
Dear Mr. President:
Mayor George R. Moscone, San Francisco
Rep. B.F. Sisk, California
Atty Gen. Evelle J. Younger, California
The petition for pardon for Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino
Organizational Endorsements:
was filed this morning by her attorney, Wayne M. Collins.
American Civil Liberties Union,
No. Calif. Chapter
Americans for Democratic Action,
Senator-elect Dr. S. I. Hayakawa had earlier brought
No. Calif. Chapter
to your office informations pertaining to the case. As
California State Legislature
National Council of the
you know Mrs. d'Aquino was convicted of treason as "Tokyo
Churches of Christ
Rose" in 1949 following the most incredible chain of
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
circumstances.
San Francisco Commission on
the Status of Women
Willard Anderson Post #2471,
Researchers, including the media, have concluded that
VFW, Dalles, Oregon
it was the "legend of Tokyo Rose" and not an individual
Media Editorial Endorsements:
that was convicted.
Dayton Daily News (Ohio)
Denver Post
Honolulu Advertiser
Mrs. d'Aquino has served her time and has paid her fine.
Los Angeles Times
Minneapolis Tribune
In spite of over 30 years of suffering, abuse and humiliation,
San Francisco Chronicle
she has remained steadfastly loyal to the United States.
San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco KFRC-Radio
Seattle Post Intelligencer
In this bicentennial year when we are celebrating the
Washington Star (D.C.)
glories of our nation conceived in justice and fair play for
Supporting Articles:
all, we urge you to pardon Mrs. d'Aquino with a statement of
Chicago Daily News
her innocence and restore her cherished American citizenship.
Chicago Tribune
Christian Science Monitor-
Honolulu Star-Bulletin
National Observer
We witheld the filing of the petition for pardon until
Wall Street Journal
after election because we did not want you to be confronted
Washington Post
with the problem during your busy election campaign.
Sincerely yours,
Clifford
Clifed Uyeda, M.D. Unyda
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
MRS. IVA TOGURI d'AQUINO
"TOKYO ROSE"
CONTENT:
1) Cover letter.
2) List of supporters - a) Media editorials.
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
b) Individuals.
c) Organizations.
3) List of recent (1976) editorials and articles.
4) Copies of articles and editorials:
a) Wall Street Journal: - "The Case of 'Tokyo Rose!"
- Letter to the editor by former CIC
investigating officer.
b) Denver Post: "Clemency Due Tokyo Rose Case"
c) Honolulu Advertiser: "Case of 'Tokyo Rose'"
d) San Francisco Chronicle: - "Afterthought on 'Tokyo Rose'"
- "'Tokyo Rose' Juror Urges Pardon"
e) Washington Star (D.C.): "'Tokyo Rose,' echo of history"
f) San Francisco Examiner: "Strange Case of Tokyo Rose"
g) Los Angeles Times: "A War with a Legend"
h) Chicago Tribune: "Tokyo Rose Accusers: We were forced to lie"
i) Los Angeles Times: "A plea that should be heard"
j) Minneapolis Tribune: "'Tokyo Rose' should be pardoned"
k) San Francisco Examiner: "Pardon Tokyo Rose"
1) Jungleer (publication of the 41st Infantry Division Association)
5) Copies of letters of endorsements from (chronological order)
a) Governor George R. Ariyoshi of Hawaii.
b) Dr. E. Rae Hudspeth, former Public Health Service officer
at the Federal Reformatory for Women, Alderson, West Virginia,
where Mrs. d'Aquino was imprisoned.
-2-
c) Congressman John Krebs (Fresno, Calif.)
d) Congressman B. F. Sisk (Fresno, Calif.)
ē) Congressman Spark M. Matsunaga (Senator-elect) (Hawaii)
f) Calif. State Assemblyman Paul T. Bannai (Gardena).
g) Secretary of State March Fong Eu of Calif.
h) National Council of the Church of Christ (N.Y.)
i) Congressman Donald M. Fraser (Minnesota).
j) Willard Anderson Post No. 2471, VFW, Dalles, Oregon.
k) Professor (Senator-elect) Samuel I. Hayakawa (Calif.)
1) Lieut. Governor Melvyn Dymally of Calif.
m) San Francisco Board of Supervisor president, Quenton L. Kopp.
n) Mayor George R. Moscone of San Francisco.
o) Resolution of the City and County of Honelulu.
p) Mayor Tom Bradley of Los Angeles.
q) Congresswoman Yvonne B. Burke (Inglewood, Calif.)
r) VFW Nisei Post 89585, Sacramento, Calif.
s) VFW Nisei Memorial Post 1629, Monterey Peninsula, Calif.
t) American Veterans Committee.
6) Documents from Justice Department obtained thru Freedom of
Information Act.
FORD & LIBRARY GERALD
-1-
SUPPORTERS OF PRESIDENTIAL PARDON
FOR IVA TOGURI d'AQUINO.
Media (Editorials): :
01/08/76 - Denver Post.
02/06/76 - Honolulu Advertiser.
02/09/76 - San Francisco Chronicle.
02/15/76 - Washington Star (D.C.)
02/19/76 - Valley News (San Fernando, Calif.)
03/02/76 - Seattle Post Intelligencer.
03/04/76 - San Francisco Examiner.
03/07/76 - Los Angeles Times.
03/29/76 - San Francisco KFRC-Radio.
04/22/76 - Los Angeles Times.
06/03/76 - San Francisco Examiner.
06/27/76 - Dayton Daily News (Ohio).
Individuals (statements made):
02/18/76 - Governor George R. Ariyoshi, Hawaii.
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
02/24/76 - Congressman John Krebs, California.
03/20/76 - Dr. S. I. Hayakawa.
03/22/76 - Congressman Spark M. Matsunaga, Hawaii.
03/25/76 - Assemblyman Paul T. Bannai, California.
04/08/76 - Congressman B. F. Sisk, California.
04/09/76 - Secretary of State March Fong Eu, California.
05/04/76 - Congressman Abner J. Mikva, Illinois.
-2-
05/12/76 - Congressman Donald M. Fraser, Minnesota.
05/20/76 - Assemblyman S. Floyd Mori, California.
05/23/76 - Attorney General Evelle J. Younger, California.
06/01/76 - City and County Supervisor Quenton L. Kopp, San Francisco.
06/ /76 - County Supervisor Kenneth Hahn, Los Angeles.
06/02/76 - State Senator Milton Marks, California.
06/29/76 - Lieut. Governor Melvyn Dymally, California.
07/10/76 - Mayor George Moscone of San Francisco.
08/06/76 - Mayor Tom Bradley of Los Angeles.
08/19/76 - Congresswoman Yvonne B. Burke, California.
10/04/76 - Assemblyman Vic Fazio, California.
Organizations:
03/09/76 - San Francisco Commission on the Status of Women.
03/11/76 - American Civil Liberties Union, Northern Calif. Chapter.
04/22/76 - Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), Northern Calif. Chapter.
05/05/76 - National Council of the Churches of Christ.
05/12/76 - Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW),
Willard Anderson Post #2471, Dalles, Oregon.
06/24/76 - California State Legislature: Assembly 60-0, Senate 22-0.
07/06/76 - San Francisco Board of Supervisors.
07/09/76 - 41st Infantry Division Association.
07/14/76 - Council of the City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii.
FORD i LIBRARY GERALD
09/16/76 - Los Angeles City Council.
3/
-3-
09/28/76 - San Jose (Calif.) City Council.
09/28/76 - Human Relations Commission of the County of Santa Clara, Calif.
10/01/76 - VFW Nisei Memorial Post #1629, Monterey Peninsula, Calif.
10/05/76 - VFW Nisei Post #8985, Sacramento, Calif.
11/13/76 - American Veterans Committee.
FORD is LIBRARY GERALD
CASE OF "TOKYO ROSE"
RECENT PRESS NOTES
DENVER POST (Robert Pattridge, editorial page editor)
01/08/76 - "Clemency Due in 'Tokyo Rose' Case"
"It is time for clemency. It is past time Iva
Toguri d'Aquino, victim of a legend, has paid a
price deserving of renewed American citizenship."
SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE (Jerry Carroll & Keith Power)
02/04/76 - "Was 'Tokyo Rose' Really a Patriot?"
02/05/76 - "How the Tokyo Rose Myth was Created"
02/06/76 - "The Trial of 'Tokyo Rose'--A Tragedy of Error?"
02/09/76 - Editorial: "The Afterlight on Tokyo Rose"
"In the light of the facts shown in the Chronicle review
of this sorry case, President Ford should grant her pardon.
She will be 60 years old on the Fourth of July."
02/16/76 - "'Tokyo Rose' Juror Urges a Pardon"
FORD & GERALD LIBRARY
WALL STREET JOURNAL (Edwin McDowe11)
02/06/76 - "The Case of 'Tokyo Rose¹"
"Convicted of treason 20 years ago, she still maintains
her innocence. And she's probably right."
"...a presidential pardon would be tacit acknowledgement
that in singling her out, the government was punishing a
legend rather than the human being who stood in the dock of
justice."
HONOLULU ADVERTISER
02/06/76 - Editorial: "...a valuable service, both real and symbolic,
would be done by restoring to Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino her
American citizenship."
03/09/76 - "'Tokyo Rose' case. Ariyoshi calls for pardon" (Peter Rosegg)
WASHINGTON STAR (D.C.)
02/15/76 - Editorial: "After reading Mr. McDowell's article, we are
persuaded that the case of 'Tokyo Rose' does merit official
consideration.
"It is consonant with our sense of justice to re-examine
whether injustice was done. Acknowledging error is a mark
of maturity, in nations as in individuals."
...2/
SAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER (Dexter Waugh)
02/23/76 - "Clemency at Last for Tokyo Rose? Young Collins Will Try"
03/04/76 - Editorial: "The Strange Case of Tokyo Rose"
" this country should look once more at the strange
case of Tokyo Rose. If the facts are what they seem to
be, a presidential pardon should be granted
And it
would be a tacit acknowledgement that the government
singled her out and punished a legend, rather than a
human being."
SEATTLE POST INTELLIGENCER
03/02/76 - Editorial: "The Strange Case of Tokyo Rose"
(Identical to the San Francisco Examiner editorial)
CHICAGO TRIBUNE (Linda Witt)
02/23/76 - "Was Tokyo Rose ally or enemy?"
02/24/76 - "Was Tokyo Rose mocking the Japanese?"
02/25/76 - "Pardon for Tokyo Rose?"
CHICAGO DAILY NEWS (Lois Wille)
02/23/76 - "The saga of Tokyo Rose: Was she really a traitor?"
CHICAGO SUN-TIMES (Michael Miner)
02/26/76 - "Japanese Americans take up fìght to clear Tokyo Rose"
LOS ANGELES TIMES (Harriet Stix)
02/24/76 - "Tokyo Rose: Propagandist or Pawn?"
03/07/76 - Editorial: "At War With a Legend"
"Iva Toguri d'Aquino was convicted of treason under perhaps
the most widely misunderstood set of circumstances that ever
brought any American into court on that charge."
"A presidential pardon would be an act of grace by the
government."
SAN FRANCISCO BAY GUARDIAN (Dean Lipton)
03/05/76 - "The Press and 'Tokyo Rose'
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
How a trumped-up journalistic scoop led to three decades
of injustice"
-3-
WASHINGTON POST (Nicholas von Hoffman)
03/10/76 - "Trial with Error? Sleep Tight Tokyo Rose"
NEWSWEEK
03/22/76 - "Pardon for Tokyo Rose?"
REGISTER AND IBUNE SYNDICATE (S. I. Hayakawa)
03/20/76 "The Woman Who was Not 'Tokyo Rose!"
"None of the 27 prisoners of war who broadcast on Radio
Tokyo was punished by his government. In fact, Captain
LIBRATA GERALD R. FORD
Ince had been promoted to Major immediately after his
liberation, apparently for doing the same kind of work at
Radio Tokyo for which Mrs. d'Aquino was tried for treason."
03/27/76 - "A Pardon for Iva Toguri d'Aquino"
"I believe that a pardon is long overdue for Iva Toguri
d'Aquino, a loyal American throughout, despite the injustices
she has suffered."
CHICAGO TRIBUNE (Ronald Yates, Tribune Far East correspondent in Tokyo)
03/22/76 - "Tokyo Rose's accusers claim U.S. forced them to lie"
"!We had no choice," said one of the witnesses whose damaging
testimony helped send Iva Toguri d'Aquino to prison for six
years and two months. "U.S. Occupation Army police came and
told me I had no choice but to testify against Iva, or else."
"We were told what to say and what not to say two hours
every moring for a month before the trial started."
"Even though I was a government witness against her, I can
say today that Iva Toguri d'Aquino was innocent--she never did
anything treasonable."
"I've heard Iva is very bitter about our testimony. I
understand her bitterness and I feel she has a right to feel that
way. I just wish I had the opportunity to talk with Iva and
tell her why we had to do it."
"We were told that if we didn't cooperate, Uncle Sam might
arrange a trial for us too So we cooperated and we did
what we were told and now many of us have guilty conscience
because of it."
03/23/76 - "Tokyo Rose 'just a scapegoat': husband"
-4-
UPI, TOKYO (Leslie Nakashima)
03/26/76 - "Tokyo Rose said war fantasy victim"
CHICAGO TRIBUNE (Linda Witt)
04/01/76 - "'Tokyo Rose' decides to talk"
"After being slapped around for 30 years, what am I
suppose to think when they suddenly discover I was
innocent after all?"
"I didn't abandon this country. Wayne Collins used to
say it abandoned me
But it's been a lonely and solitary
life."
LOS ANGELES HEARLD-EXAMINER (AP)
03/07/76 - "The Strange Case of Tokyo Rose"
SAN JOSE NEWS
03/05/76 - Duplicate of article from Chicago Sun-Times.
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR (Robert M. Press)
03/26/76 - "'Tokyo Rose' conviction brought under scrutiny."
WASHINGTON POST (Joel D. Weisman)
03/28/76 - "Voice From Out of the Past"
"I had faith in the system. And even after what happened
to me I believe in this country. If the trial were held
again today, I'm sure I would be found innocent."
NEVADA STATE JOURNAL (Jack Stevenson)
04/04/76 - "Iva d'Aquino: Wash She a Traitor or Scapegoat?"
NATIONAL OBSERVER (Bruce Koon)
04/03/76 - "'Tokyo Rose,' Three Decades Later"
FORD i LIBRARY 9ERALD
-5-
"Perhaps the President will have the courage to review
her case and restore her American citizenship. Then we
can witness whether there are residual feelings of sick-
ness and weariness in this country; or whether there is
enough moral resilience to grant a tiny bit of respect for
this woman."
"I think there's a little magic left in this country. Maybe
just enough to bury Tokyo Rose and recognize and honor Iva
Toguri d'Aquino."
northwest access (Assoc. Students of the University of Washington, Seattle)
March/April 1976 - "'Tokyo Rose' - The Estranged American" (Mary Parker)
ROCKY MOUNTAIN NEWS (Denver, Colorado)
4/11/76 - "Tokyo Rose: 30 years later, the possibility of a pardon"
This Linda Witt's article originally appeared in Chicago
Tribune, 4/1/76, under the title: "'Tokyo Rose' decides to talk"
LOS ANGELES TIMES (Editorial)
4/22/76 - "A Plea That Should be Heard"
"It is evident that Mrs. d'Aquino was convicted unfairly by
prejudicial wartime sentiment that still prevailed at the
time of her trial. That justice can be alleviated by
granting her the pardon she seeks, to restore her citizenship."
HONOLULU ADVERTISER
4/23/76 - "Matsunaga says pardon d'Aquino"
"On the basis of evidence which has come to light in recent
months, her conviction of 1949 of the crime of treason
represented a serious miscarriage of justice."
"Her years of suffering cannot be obliterated, but that
suffering can be partially assuaged by restoring to her
that which she has always prized above all else--her
U.S. citizenship."
FORD j LIBRARY GERALD
CINCINNATI ENQUIRER
5/5/76 - Linda Witt and Ronald Yates articles from the Chicago
Tribune reprinted.
-6-
PORTLAND SCRIBE (Oregon) (Sue Sargent)
5/20/76 - "Tokyo Rose: legend/victim"
MINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE (Editorial)
5/25/76 - "'Tokyo Rose' should be pardoned"
SAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER (Editorial)
6/3/76 - "Pardon Tokyo Rose"
"Of all the petitions for pardons on President Ford's
desk, none perhaps is more deserving than that for Iva
Toguri d'Aquino
"As noted before in this space, she apparently was not
a turncoat but a scapegoat, the victim of postwar hysteria.
"The Japanese American Citizens League has tried to keep
its campaign in behalf of Mrs. d'Aquino out of presidential
politics. It would be fitting indeed, though, if Mr. Ford
pardoned Mrs. d'Aquino now, restoring her citizenship
before her 60th birthday, which falls on July 4."
HONOLULU STAR-BULLETIN
6/17/76 - (Hank Sato) "Tokyo Rose called victim of hysteria;
Presidential pardon sought this year."
6/18/76 - "California Secretary of State backs d'Aquino pardon"
VALLEY NEWS, San Fernando, Calif. (Editorial)
2/29/76 - "Tokyo Rose revew warrented"
SAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER (Dexter Waugh)
2/24/76 - "New evidence that Tokyo Rose was framed"
(Based on documents obtained from U.S. Justice Dept and
FBI files under the Freedom of Information Act.)
BERALD FORD LIBRARY
HONOLULU ADVERTISER (Peter Rosegg)
"Tokyo Rose and me. Norman Reyes' story"
6/27/76 - "FBI coercion at d'Aquino trial?
"Jury didn't hear witness' story of Iva d'Aquino.
"The story behind Reyes-d'Aquino story."
"A case for justice" (Editorial)
-7-
6/28/76 - "Trying to outwit radio censors - under the gun in
wartime Japan.
"d'Aquino trial and the overeager judge."
6/29/76 - "Trapped inside hostile Japan and his duties at
Radio Tokyo"
DAYTON DAILY NEWS (Ohio) (Editorial)
6/27/76 - "Free Tokyo Rose"
SAN JOSE MERCURY (Aramando Acuna)
9/7/76 - "Tokyo Rose: Is 27 Years Enough?"
JUNGLEER (publication of the 41st Infantry Drivision Association)
July 1976 - "41sters: Tokyo Rose should be pardoned"
"If it were in the power of the 41sters, Mrs. d'Aquino--
'Tokyo Rose' would be pardoned as promptly as Washington's
bureaucratic tape would allow. In fact, there isn't a
single man in the 41st Infantry Division who thinks she
should have been tried and punished in the first place.
The case is considered a travesty on justice and a blot on
our postwar behavior."
"When the question of pardon was brought up at the annual
Association meeting in Dearborn (Michigan) a few weeks ago
(July 8-9; more than 500 41sters attended), it was unanimously
agreed to put the Association on the record as being in favor
of an immediate pardon."
GERALD
FORD & LIBRARY
The Case of 'Tokyo Rose'
By EDWIN McDowell
zona (where her mother died soon after- acts of treason, opened in July 1949, lasted
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, FRIDAY, FEB. 6, 1976
money, and in any case her family had
jury.
Mr. McDowell is a member of the Jour-
been relocated to a detention camp in Ari-
The trial, charging her with eight overt nal's aditorial page staff.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, Monday, Feb. 23, 1976
Letters to the Editor of the Journal
More on Tokvo Rose
Editor. The Wall Street Journal:
Guysi; Intelligence Corps officer in charge
of investigations of Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino after the war.'
George S.
BERALD R FORD LIBRARY
GEORGE S. Gryst
Oklahoma City, Okla.
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, Monday, Feb. 23, 1976
Letters to the Editor of the Journal
More on Tokvo Rose
Editor. The Wall Street Journal:
BERALD R FORD LIBRARY
GEORGE S. GUYST
Oklahoma City, Okla.
24 THE DENVER POST Thurs., Jan. 8, 1976
LIBRARY
THE DENVER POST
FORD
i
GERALD
Clemency Due in 'Tokyo Rose' Case
By ROBERT PATTRIDGE
"And earthly power doth then show likest
guilty on one count. The jury found you guilty of
God's,
This opinion column is by the editorial page
one overt act: "That on a day during October
When mercy seasons justice." -WILLIAM
editor of The Denver Post.
1944, the exact date being to the Grand Jurors
SHAKESPEARE
unknow, defendant in the offices of the Broad-
casting, Corporation of lenan did sponk into
ДЗДИЗА PS. ERE CH
Mon., Feb. 9, 1976
San Trancisco Chronicle
THE VOICE OF THE WEST
Founded 1865 by Charles and M. H. de Young
George T. Comeron, Publisher 1925-55
Charles de Young Thieriot
Editor and Publisher
Gordon Pates
Richard Thieriot
Managing Editor
Associate Editor
Templeton Peck
Editorial Page Editor
Editorials
The Afterlight
On Tokyo Rose
GERALD
BRARY
San Francisco Chronicle
The Largest Daily Circulation in Northern California
MONDAY, FEB. 16, 1976
777-1111
'Tokyo Rose' Juror
LIBRARY
FORD
Urges a Pardon
is
GERALD
By Jerry Carroll and Kèith Power
been whipped up during World
Back Page Col. 2
'TOKYO ROSE' JUROR URGES PARDON
From Page 1
The host of a bland chatter-
"The Army forbade any of its despite the Army findings, and
and-nlatters program on Radio To- officers or men to come to the brought Ivo to trial 1+ was to he
LIBRARY
FORD
i
GERALD
Page 16
San Francisco Chronicle
Monday, February 16, 1976
The Washington Star
JOEL ALLERITTON. Publisher
JAMES G. BELLOWS. Editor SIDNEY EPSTEIN, Managing Editor EDWIN M. YODER JR., Associate Editor
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1976
GERAL Form
"Tokyo Rose,' echo of history
Identical editorial
OPINION
in Seattle Post Intelli-
gencer, 3/2/76.
San Francisco Examiner
Page 28 * Thursday, Mar. 4, 1976
T)
Strange Case
of Tokyo Rose
LIBERA GERALD FORD
OTIS CHANDLER, Publisher
Dos Angeles Times
ROBERT D. NELSON
Executive Vice President and General Manager
HARRISON GRAY OTIS, 1882-1917
WILLIAM F. THOMAS
HARRY CHANDLER, 1917-1944
Executive Vice President and Editor
NORMAN CHANDLER, 1944-1960
CHARLES C. CHASE, Vice President-Production
ROBERT L FLANNES, Vice President and Assistant to the Publisher
FORD is CERALD LIBRARY
ROBERT C. LOBDELL, Vice President and General Counsel
VANCE L STICKELL, Vice President-Sales
JAMES BASSETT, Associate Editor
ANTHONY DAY, Editor of the Editorial Pages
ROBERT J. DONOVAN, Associate Editor
FRANK P. HAVEN, Managing Editor
JEAN SHARLEY TAYLOR, Associate Editor
SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 7, 1976
At War With a Legend
2-PART IX
Chicago THE WORLD'S
Tribune
LIBRARY
FORD
&
GREATEST NEWSPAPER
7StárFinal
Monday, March 22, 1976
6 Sections 15°
Tokyo Rose
accusers:
We were
forced to lie
Page 15
Chicago Tribune, Monday, March 22, 1976 Section
1
15
She was innocent, they say
Tokyo Rose's accusers claim
R.
BERALD
FORD
U.S. forced them to lie
LIBRARY
Among the American-born witnesses at
Key Japanese witnesses in the Tokyo
and agonizing plunge into infamy began.
the trial were Kenichi Oki. 63, who was
"Iva never made a treasonable broad-
Rose trial, interviewed by Tribune
production manager of the "Zero Hour,"
cast in her life," asserted one of her
Tokyo Correspondent Ronald Yates,
and George Mitsushio, 71, who was pro-
former superiors, whose testimony nev-
told him they had never talked with
gram director for Radio Tokyo's English-
ertheless helped nail down the prosecu-
the press about their roles in her
language broadcasts. They provided
tion's case 27 years ago. "She got a raw
conviction. This is the first of two
some of the most damaging testimony
deal-she was railroaded into jail:"
stories on Tokyo Rose.
against Mrs. d'Aquino.
Such statements are 180 degrees away
BOTH OKI AND Mitsushio, who were
from those made by the same men at
By Ronald Yates
born in California and who eventually
Mrs. d'Aquino's trial, however.
Far East correspondent
became Japanese citizens, live today in
Both Mitsushio and Oki, for example,
Tokyo and are successful businessmen.
testified not only that they saw Mrs.
Chicago Tribune Press Service
of
the
d'Aquino commit overt acts of treason
Chicago Tribune, Tuesday, March 23, 1976
for a mammoth country like the United
States to crucify a Japanese-American--
all we had to do was look at Iva," he
R.
continued. "So we 'cooperated' and we
did what we were told and now many of
us have guilty consciences because of
GERALD
it."
FORD TREATY
TERUO OZASA, 54, who worked as
A Plea That Should Be Heard
-LATIMES 4-22-76
L.A. Times Editorial
4/22/76
LIBRARY GERALD ? FORD
Minneapolis Tribune
Established 1867
Charles W. Bailey Editor
Wallace Allen Managing Editor
Leonard Inskip Editorial Editor
6A
Tuesday, May 25, 1976
'Tokyo Rose' should be pardoned
FORD s GERALD LIBRARY
OPINION
San Trancisco Examiner
Page 28 * Thursday, June 3, 1976
Pardon Tokyo Rose
ALD R. FORD =
SUPPORT BY THE 41st INFANTRY DIVISION ASSOCIATION
The 41st Infantry Division was a National Guard division
from the States of Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana.
It was called to active duty in September 1940. It was
the first American division to be sent overseas in World War II.
It fought its way up from Australia through numerous
Pacific islands to the Philippines.
It was one of the first American units sent to Japan for
the occupation.
The Association has 3,000 active members, and has held
annual conventions since 1948.
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
JUNGLEER
VOL. XXVII, NO. 2
JULY, 1976
41sters: Tokyo
Michigan 41sters score
Rose should
be pardoned
big with '76 reunion
unchanged. Noel It. Nobby 0 Brien
Cecil Ovenfelt
wise you may not get that big post-
became the immediate past president.
Bozeman, Montana
reunion issue. and that would be
Continued on back page
(See Russo's acceptance speech on page 3.)
a great shame.
Tokyo Rose pardon
Wartime poetry
Continued from page one
by a 41st man
It's hard to believe they would parden
HAWAII
E
new
THE
EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS
HONOLULU
GEORGE R. ARIYOSHI
GOVERNOR
February 18, 1976
R.
The President
GEEAT
FORD
The White House
Washington, D.C.
LIBRARY
Dear Mr. President:
A.
During World War II, as you know, many Japanese-American in our
Nation suffered shocking injustices involving seizure of property and virtual
incarceration and suffered unwarranted calumny and abuse resulting from
official policies. As one with some first hand experience, I believe that every
individual was at least in some way affected by wave of hostile racism that
swept over the Country.
Those dark days are past now and for the most part, they remain only
in the memory of us, the older generation, and I suspect that our children
regard them as horror stories that could never happen again. Many outstand-
ing Americans have expressed the deepest regret that such things could have
occurred.
The whole nightmarish experience might be pushed permanently into
the limbo except for one piece of unfinished business--the case of "Tokyo Rose. "
The name evokes memories among all of us who were involved in WW II
for it reminds us of a legend that has since proved, like many other legends,
almost certainly false in most aspects. We do know that one woman, Iva Toguri
d'Aquino, an American citizen, bore the brunt of the emotional hostility that
accrued to that legend. Mrs. d'Aquino lost her freedom, her citizenship, and
almost any future except basic survival.
Now, evidence has been gathered and compiled which seems to cast
grave doubt that Mrs. d'Aquino was ever anything but a loyal American citizen
and that she was and remains the victim of miscarriage of justice created in
part by the after effect of the same wave of hostility and prejudice against
Japanese-Americans that I mentioned above.
The President
Page 2
I do not pretend to have conclusive evidence in this case, but I do
believe current representations carry weight enough to merit a thorough
investigation by you, Mr. President, with a view toward consideration of
a pardon for Mrs. d'Aquino.
I ask that you institute such an investigation. If current representa-
tions about this case are valid, the cause of American justice may best be
served by sympathetic and humane consideration, no matter how tardy.
With warm personal regards, I remain,
Yours very truly,
George R. Ariyoshi
LIBRARY GERALD R. OF
:
STATE
HAWAII
UN
THE
SEAL
EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS
HONOLULU
GEORGE R. ARIYOSHI
GOVERNOR
February 20, 1976
Clifford I. Uyeda, M.D.
Chairman, National JACL
Iva Toguri Committee
National Headquarters
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, California 94115
Dear Dr. Uyeda:
Thank you very much for your letter of
January 14, 1976, regarding the case of Iva
Toguri d'Aquino.
I am in wholehearted agreement that the
case of this unfortunate woman should be
investigated by the President with a view
toward considering a Presidential pardon.
Toward that end, I have written President Ford.
A copy of my letter is enclosed for your interest.
With warm personal regards, I remain,
Yours very truly,
George R. Ariyoshi
Enclosure
FORD a OERALD LIBRARY
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
February 20, 1976
Mr. Gerald Ford
President of the United States
White House
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. President:
I am writing in support of the petition to pardon
Mrs. Iva Toguri d'Aquino.
While in the Public Health Service, I was closely
associated with Mrs. d'Aquino at the Federal Reformatory
for Women, Alderson, V. Va. I found her faithful, cooperative,
and helpful. She seemed, even during her incarceration to
be a loyal American.
Yours truly,
E. Rae Hudspeth, M.D.
ERH/cf
CCI Mrs. d'Aquino
Japanese-American Citizens League
R.
GERALD
FORD
LISEARY
17th Discrict, Co.
WASHINGTON OFFICE
$35 CANHON Mixiss OFFICE BUILDING
WASHINGTON DC 20515
(202) 225-334)
Congress of the United States
DISTRICT OFFICES
Room 41:4 FEDERAL BUILDING
Douse of Representatibes
1130 0" STREET
CALIFORNIA 93721
(209) 487-5487
Mashington, D.C. 20515
210 SOUTH MONEY BOULEVARD
Surre P
COMMITTEE BUSINESS
VISALIA CALIFORNIA 93277
February 24, 1976
(209) 733-5036
ENERGY ENVIRONMENT
and NORTH TRAIN STREET
GOVERNMENT REMENT AND
MANCORD CALIFORNIA 93230
TRACE
(209) 582-2896
Mr. Fred Y. Hirasuna
P. 0. Box 11801
Fresno, California 93775
Dear Mr. Hirasuna:
Thank you for your letter of February 19, 1976, with
reference to Mrs. Iva Toguri.
I read the excellently written pamphlet which you
were kind enough to enclose and wish you every success
in your attempts to petition for a presidential pardon.
You may rest assured that I shall do whatever I properly
can to see that justice is done.
Thank you for bringing this matter to my attention, and
if I may be of further assistance, please do not hesitate
to call on me.
Sincerely,
John Kaha
JOHN KREBS
Member of Congress
JK:J
FORD a. DERALO LIBRARY
ANTENNIA
THIS STATIONERY PRINTED ON PAPER MADE WITH RECYCLED FIBERS
WESTEIN UNION
Telegram
NO. WDS.- CL. OF SVC.
PD. OR COLL.
CASH NO.
CHARGE TO THE ACCOUNT OF
THIS MESSAGE WILL BE SENT
PRESS
OVER NIGHT
AS A TELEGRAM UNLESS IT IS
DPR
NPR
TELEGRAM
GWAO 84664
OTHERWISE INDICATED.
Send the following message, subject to the Telegraph Company's conditions, rules and regulations, which are on file with regulatory authorities.
Mr. David E. Ushio
National Executive Director
Japanese American Citizens League
5415 North Clark Street
Chicago, Illinois
AS A MEMBER OF CONGRESS, I FULLY SUPPORT THE GROWING
NATIONWIDE EFFORT TO SEEK A PRESIDENTIAL PARDON FOR IVA
TOGURI d'AQUINO. ON THE BASIS OF EVIDENCE WHICH HAS COME TO
LIGHT IN RECENT MONTHS, HER CONVICTION IN 1949 OF THE CRIME OF
TREASON REPRESENTED A SERIOUS MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE.
SINCE HER CONVICTION, HOWEVER, MRS. d'AQUINO HAS NOT ONLY
PAID HER FINE AND SERVED A PRISON TERM, BUT SHE HAS LIVED FOR
YEARS IN MENTAL ANGUISH WHILE STEADFASTLY MAINTAINING HER
INNOCENCE.
HER YEARS OF SUFFERING CANNOT BE OBLITERATED, BUT THAT
SUFFERING CAN BE PARTIALLY ASSUAGED BY RESTORING TO HER THAT WHICH
SHE HAS ALWAYS PRIZED ABOVE ALL ELSE--HER U.S. CITIZENSHIP. IN
THIS BICENTENNIAL YEAR OF OUR NATION, THE GRANTING OF A PRESIDENTIAL
PARDON AND THE RESTORATION OF U.S. CITIZENSHIP TO MRS. d'AQUINO
WOULD DRAMATICALLY SERVE AS A SYMBOLIC ACT ON THE PART OF OUR
GOVERNMENT TO DEMONSTRATE THAT OUR SYSTEM'S GREATNESS LIES IN PART
IN ITS FLEXIBILITY TO RECTIFY ITS OWN ERRORS. AS A PEOPLE WHO
ARE COMMITTED TO SERVING THE ENDS OF JUSTICE, ALL AMERICANS OUGHT
TO JOIN IN A CONCERTED EFFORT TO SERVE JUSTICE, ONCE DENIED AND TOO
LONG DELAYED IN THE CASE OF IVA TOGURI d'AQUINO.
R.
GERALD
FORD
SPARK MATSUNAGA
LIBRARY
WU 1211 (RI-70) UNITED STATES CONGRESSMAN
STATE CAPITOL
COMMITTEES:
DACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95814
FINANCE. INSURA
AND
TEL.: (916) 445-0965
COMMERCE
DISTRICT OFFICE
JUDICIARY
1919 W. REDONDO BEACH BLVD.
Assembly
REVENUE AND TAXATION
SUITE 107
COMMISSION FOR
GARDENA. CALIFORNIA 90247
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
TEL.: (213) 327-5920
JOINT COMMITTEE ON
JOB DEVELOPMENT
California Hegislature
COMMISSION OF THE
CALIFORNIA'S
PAUL T. BANNAI
ASSEMBLYMAN, FIFTY-THIRD DISTRICT
13
March 25, 1976
Honorable Gerald Ford
President, United States of America
White House
Washington, D.C.
My dear Mr. President:
I have written you on various matters of concern in the past and
appreciate the assistance you have given me. NOW I write to ask
that you look into a matter which I believe by your actions could
help in righting a wrong committed many years ago.
Knowing that you are a fair person, I will give you what I feel
are my thoughts relative to a miscarriage of justice in the case
of Iva Toguri d'Aquino, who had the misfortune of being one of
those identified as "Tokyo Rose".
After reading over much of what has been published about her, I
feel that Mrs. d'Aquino is entitled to a full pardon and restoration
of her rights as a citizen of the United States, which I am sure
she cherishes so very much. Having served in the South Pacific
during World War II, and having heard "Tokyo Rose", I still can't
think of anything in my memory which would have singled out this
one person, Mrs. d'Aquino, as someone to be convicted of treason.
The only count of which Mrs. d'Aquino was convicted was to undermine
American morale during war time, which I do not think was the case.
At the very worst, I believe that she has paid any debt to society
during all these years that she has maintained that she was not
guilty of the things of which she was accused. I am sure that you
personally do not have all the time to read of all the details of
this case, but I am sure that with your large staff adequately
researching this matter, you will find through their indepth study
FORD
CARSON, HAWTHORNE, GARDENA, LAWNDALE, LENNOX AND PORTIONS OF LOS ANGELES CITY AND COUNTY
Honorable Gerald Ford
2
March 25, 1976
President, United States of
America
of the case, that Mrs. d'Aquino should be given clemency and that
:
you could right atremendous wrong to this one individual who wants
nothing more than to be a United States citizen.
In this year of 1976 when we are celebrating our Bicentennial and
have reviewed also 200 years of true American justice, I, and many
other Americans, believe that your actions of clemency for Mrs.
d'Aquino would not only be the just thing to do, but would also
restore the faith of many Americans in our great American way of
life, liberty and honor.
Sincerely, Paner famol
PAUL T. BANNAI
Assemblyman, 53rd District
State of California
PTB:aj
GERALD FORD
B.F. SISK
DISTRICT OFFICES
BETTY L. CORNELIUS
19th DISTRICT. CALIFORNIA
,
FIRLD REPRESENTATIVE
157
Room 2001. FEDERAL Suilding
COMMITTEE ON RULES
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES
1130 o STREET
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FREEND. CALIFORNIA $3721
House OFFICE Business
808-467-8004
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20018
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515
SHIRLEY G. GIBBON
TOMY COSLHO
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
Room 20A. FEDERAL BUILDING
April 8, 1976
1128 "1" STREET
Mentato. CALIFORNIA 00304
808-627-1914
Mr. Fred Y. Hirasuna
Post Office Box 11801
Fresno, California 93775
Dear Fred:
Thank you for your note and enclosed copy of
a booklet published by the National Committee for Iva
Toguri, Japanese American Citizens League.
I have read the booklet and certainly feel that
the case of Iva Toguri is a most tragic one. I personally
believe that she 15 deserving of a full presidential
pardon and restoration of her American citizenship, but
as you know, Fred, the President and only the President
has pardon authority under the Constitution.
I understand that the pardon petition has not as
yet been presented. presumably to avoid conflict with
the forthcoming Presidential election. I have every
confidence that at such time as 11 15 presented it will
be accorded the most careful and sympathetic consideration
by the President.
with kind personal regards,
Sincerely,
Beinie B. F. SISK
MEMBER OF CONGRESS
a
AMERICAN MINDLUTION )
1778-1873
GERALD R. FORD TRANTY
Executive Office
(916) 445-6371
Certification
(916) 445-1430
GREAT THE STATE
Corporation Index
(916) 445-2900
Office of the Secretary of State
111 Capitol Mall
Corporation Records
(916) 445-1768
Election Division
(916) 445-0820
OF
March Fong Eu
Sacramento, California 95814
Legal Division (Corp.)
(916) 445-0620
Notary Public Division
(916) 445-6507
CALIFORNIA
State Archives
(916) 445-4293
Uniform Commercial Code (916) 445-8061
April 9, 1976
Clifford I. Uyeda, M.D.
Chairman
National Iva Toguri Committee
Japanese American Citizens League
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, CA 94115
Dear Dr. Uyeda:
Please count me among the supporters of Japanese
American Citizens League's efforts in behalf of
Iva Toguri d'Aquino.
Please also accept my congratulations for a fine
job.
Sincerely,
manh 7mgEn
MARCH FONG EU
MFE:gsw
R.
GEART
FORD
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE
CHURCHES OF CHRIST IN THE
U.S.A.
COMMISSION ON JUSTICE, LIBERATION
& HUMAN FULFILLMENT
475 Riverside Drive, New York, N.Y. 10027 Room 824 (212) 870-2915
William P. Thompson
President
Claire Randall
General Secretary
Jovelino Ramos
Asst. Gen. Sec.
M. William Howard
Chairman
May 5, 1976
Mr. Gerald Ford
The President of the United States
Washington, DC 20001
Dear Mr. President:
The Commission on Justice; Liberation and Human Fulfillment of the
National Council of Churches has gone on record in support of the
campaign of Amnesty for Iva Toquri.
Convicted 20 years ago as an accomplice in the "Tokyo Rose" incident,
she has always claimed her innocence on the basis of a respectable
volume of evidences.
In the light of the facts and present historical circumstances, this
Commission urges you to use your presidential powers to grant her a
pardon and to renew her American citizenship.
Sincerely yours,
Govil Ramos
Jovelino Ramos
Executive Director
CJLHF
/dr
GERALD R. FORD THENTY
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
May 12, 1976
Dear Congressman Fraser:
The President has asked me to reply to your letter of
April 23, 1976, recommending that he grant a pardon to
Iva Toguri D'Aquino.
Iva Toguri D'Aquino filed a petition for pardon after
completion of sentence in November 1968. The petition
was denied in October 1969. Like any other person who
has been convicted of a Federal felony, has served the
sentence and been a law-abiding member of the community
for several years subsequent to the completion of the
sentence, she is eligible to reapply for a pardon if she
chooses. However, she has not done so. If she should
reapply, her petition would receive the same consideration
accorded to other eligible petitioners.
Your interest in this matter is appreciated.
Sincerely,
Kenneth A. Lazarus
Associate Counsel
to the President
The Honorable Donald M. Fraser
House of Representatives
Washington, D. C. 20515
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
V.F.W.
WILLARD ANDERSON POST NO. 2471
The Dalles, Oregon 97058
May 12, 1976
The Honorable Bob Packwood
United States Senate
1317 Dirksen Building
Washington, D. C. 20510
Dear Senator Packwood:
We of V. F. W. Post #2471 strongly urge you to urge President
Ford to give Iva Toguri (known as Tokyo Rose) a full pardon on
July 4, 1976.
Wis Lay
form Pymete
nuclice Hiffman
feran m Hutaon
9.7.20e
in Tepson.
In Pay Ryan
Wm e Jones
Koe Dichimat
Ornalle Cram
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES
S.I. I.Hayakawa
225 ELDRIDGE AVENUE
P.O. Box 100
MILL VALLEY, CALIFORNIA 94941
415. 383:6695
June 28, 1976
The President
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
My Dear Mr. President:
As you are no doubt aware, both houses of the California legislature have now
asked you to pardon Iva Toguri d'Aquino and to restore her American citizenship.
Having been born an American, she neither wants nor is entitled to citizenship in
any other country.
After examining the history of her trial and reviewing the evidence on which
Mrs. d'Aquino was tried and convicted of treason in 1949, the following newspapers
have urged a pardon for her: Denver Post, San Francisco Chronicle, Wall Street
Journal, Honolulu Advertiser, Washington Star, San Francisco Examiner, Seattle
Post-Intelligencer, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Daily News, Wash-
ington Post Syndicate (Nicholas von Hoffman), Register and Tribune Syndicate
(S. I. Hayakawa). Other publications, including National Observer, Christian
Science Monitor, and Newsweek have published stories that seriously question the
justice of her conviction. My own columns on the subject are enclosed, as is the
summary of the case prepared by the National Committee for Iva Toguri of the Japa-
nese-American Citizens League.
I am sure that others have recommended that Mrs. d'Aquino's pardon be issued
on her 60th birthday, which happens to fall on July 4, 1976. Since the basic rea-
son for her conviction was that she fell into jeopardy because she refused to give
up her American citizenship and to take refuge in declaring herself a Japanese
national, recognition of her stubborn patriotism would be especially appropriate
on this day. I hope you agree.
You were kind to receive the Republican candidates for the U.S. Senate in
your office on the morning of June 16. It is an occasion that I shall always
remember with pleasure.
Respectfully yours,
S. . Hayakawa
S. I. Hayakawa
SIH/ka
Enclosures
CC: The Honorable Barry M. Goldwater, Jr.
The Honorable Hiram Fong
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
Dr. Clifford Uyeda
(916)445-9533
June 29, 1976
The Nonorable Gerald R. Ford
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear President Ford:
As Lieutenant Governor of the State of California, I am
urging you to speedily grant a full and unconditional
presidential pardon to Iva Toguri d'Aquino, alleged
"Tokyo Rose" of World War II.
There could be no better way and no better time to show
this nation's greatness and sense of compassion than to
grant such a pardon on the July 4 observance of our
200th birthday.
I am convinced that Ms. Toguri's conviction on one count
of treason, and her subsequent loss of citizenship, were
based on falsified and misconstrued evidence. Not only
have the men who provided the most critical testimony at
her trial admitted they lied; her actual broadcasts
indicate there was no propaganda designed to reduce the
morale of American troops in the Pacific. In fact, Iva
Toguri, a U.S. citizen by birth, was in Japan to visit
a sick aunt when the war broke out, and only took the
broadcasting position at the urging of American POWs who
convinced her that she would be able to reduce the effect
of Japanese propaganda in her new job. If anything, Iva
Toguri was an aid to American soldiers.
FORD
The Honorable Gerald R. Ford
June 29, 1976
Page Two
I believe that by restoring full citizenship to this
native Californian, who was falsely accused, falsely
tried, and falsely convicted of a crime she did not
commit, we will be correcting a serious miscarriage of
justice, a miscarriage of justice that is so unfortunate
in this time of national celebration in honor of the
200th anniversary of our Independence.
Sincerely,
MERVYN M. DYMALLY
MMD:cw
payable
CTTT
JUL 12 1976
QUENTIN L. KOPP
"
CITY HALL
THE
PRESIDENT
San Francisco CA 94102
Board of Supervisors
Telephone 558-2338 and 981-0245
July 7, 1976
Mr. David Ushio
National Executive Director
Japanese American Citizens League
1765. Sutter St.
San Francisco, CA 94115
Dear Dave:
The Board of Supervisors adopted at yesterday's Board
meeting the Resolution urging the President of the United States
to pardon Iva Toguri d'Aquino.
I have directed the Clerk of the Board to request that
the Mayor sign this Resolution at once, so that San Francisco
may be the first city in the United States to pass such a
Resolution.
It was gratifying for me to be a part of the effort
to seek a pardon for Mrs. d'Aquino. I sincerely hope that
the effort is successful.
Sincerely yours,
Queston QUENTIN L. KOPP
QLK:kb
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
SAN FRANCISCO
GEORGE R. MOSCONE
July 16, 1976
Clifford I. Uyeda, M.D.
Chairman, Iva Toguri Committee
Japanese American Citizens League
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, CA 94115
Dear. Dr. Uyeda:
Thank you for your letter of July 12 regarding the
conviction of Iva Toguri d'Aquino in 1949, and your
concern that she be exonerated by way of Presidential
pardon.
I want you to know that I share your interest in this
issue, and for the reason signed into law the resolution
to which you refer last Friday, July 10, 1976. I am
hopeful that President Ford will see fit to grant a full
pardon to Iva Toguri d'Aquino.
Thank you again for your letter and expression of concern.
Sincerely
George R. Moscone
Mayor
-
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK
ONLY 7611111 AND
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813 / TELEPHONE 523-4291
NAWAII
EILEEN K. LOTA. CITY CLERK
JOHN M. kamana. JR. DEPUTY CITY CLERK
August 2, 1976
The National Committee for Iva Toguri
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, CA 94115
Enclosed for your information is a Resolution which was
adopted by the Council of the City and County of Honolulu.
K. Lotan
EILEEN K. LOTA
City Clerk
enclosure
Med
FORD & GERALD LIBRE
RESOLUTION
18,
PETITIONING GERALD R. FORD, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, TO GRANT A PARDON TO
IVA IKUKO TOGURI d'AQUINO.
WHEREAS, we, the members of the Council of the City and County of Honolulu, as the
elected representatives of a diverse ethnic community, have dedicated ourselves to
the democratic principles of liberty, justice and the pursuit of happiness, without
regard to race, religion or creed that are the cornerstones of our great American
republic; and
WHEREAS, this Council believes the denial of justice and freedom for one is the
abnegation of these God-given rights for all Americans; and
WHEREAS, this Council feels that Iva Ikuko Toguri d'Aquino was a victim of wartime
hysteria and post-war hysteria in her conviction, fine and imprisonment on a charge
of treason as the mythical "Tokyo Rose," a conviction which since has been found to
be undeserving and unjust; and
WHEREAS, Iva Ikuko Toguri d'Aquino served six (6) years in prison and continues to
suffer immeasurably from humiliation and the loss of her citizenship as the result
of her highly questionable and unjust conviction; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED by the Council of the City and County of Honolulu that Gerald R. Ford,
President of these United States, be, and he is, hereby petitioned to proceed
forthwith to grant a pardon to Iva Ikuko Toguri d'Aquino and to bestow all executive
and other remedies available under the law as justice demands; and
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the Clerk be, and she is, hereby directed to transmit
copies of this resolution to The Honorable Gerald R. Ford, President of the United
States; The Honorable Edward H. Levi, Attorney General, U. S. Department of Justice;
Mr. Lawrence M. Traylor, Esq., Office of the Pardon Attorney, U. S. Department of
Justice; Members of the Hawaii Congressional Delegation; and The National Committee
for Iva Ikuko Toguri d'Aquino.
INTRODUCED BY:
Maulyn Bornkout
W. Sandy Nofch
DATE OF INTRODUCTION:
July 14, 1976
Honolulu, Hawaii
Torake Gatermeto
COUNCILMEN
CITY COUNCIL
ADOPTED
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
HONOLULU, HAWAII
as amended
Meeting Held
I hereby certify that the foregoing RESOLUTION was adopted'by
the COUNCIL of the City and County of Honolulu, by the vote and on
JUL 28 1976
Reference:
the date indicated on the right margin hereof.
AYE
NO
A/E
BORNHORST
Report No. IGR CR 1151
ATTEST:
CLEMENT
E
HOLCK
KAAPU
E
KOGA
E
LOTA CHAIRMAN GEORGE & PRESIDING G. AKAHANE OFFICER
LOO
Resolution No.
MATSUMOTO
PACARRO
(As Amended) 273
Dated JUL 28 1976
AKAHANE
603
of
THE
CELL
AMERICA
Angeles
FOUNDED
1781
CITY HALL
LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90012
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
ToM BRADLEY
(213) 485-3311
MAYOR
August 6, 1976
The Honorable Gerald Ford
President of the United States of America
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, D. C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
I am writing to ask that a full presidential pardon be granted
to Iva Toguri d'Aquino, who was convicted of treason in 1949 as
the legendary "Tokyo Rose" when public feeling against Japan
and the Japanese was running high.
As Mayor of Los Angeles, where we have the largest concentra-
tion of Japanese Americans on the mainland of America, I have
seen them rebound from the injustices of racial bigotry and
become some of our outstanding citizens.
The passions of war have cooled, and as your invitation to the
Emperor and Empress of Japan to visit here last year indicates,
much has been forgiven. We have had an opportunity to examine
Mrs. d'Aquino's trial dispassionately and see that it was not
justice's finest hour.
The great irony was that her conviction was possible because
she clung tenaciously to her American citizenship, while key
witnesses against her in similar circumstances renounced their
U. S. citizenship to escape prosecution. Much of the evidence
against her was questionable, and U. S. and Allied POW's who
wrote her material in the alleged treasonable radio broadcasts
were never prosecuted.
- over -
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
- 2 -
Iva Toguri d'Aquino has served her prison sentence and has paid
her fine. She even lost her citizenship which she had refused
to give up in the face of harassment by Japanese police when
she was stranded in Japan without funds during World War II.
Mrs. d'Aquino is a native of Los Angeles and was 60 years old
on July 4, 1976. I join the Japanese American Citizens League,
with nearly 100 chapters throughout the United States, in urging
your compassionate pardon and full restoration of citizenship
to a woman who was a victim of her times.
A presidential pardon at this time would be "an act of grace",
as the Los Angeles Times pointed out in an editorial in March
this year.
Sincerely,
Dom TOM BRADLEY Burdly
Mayor
TB/gb
BERALD R. FORD TRUST
YVONNE BRATHWAITE BURKE
WASHINGTON OFFICE:
28TH DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA
336 CANNON HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20515
COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
(202) 225-7084
SUSCOMMITTEES:
HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
Congress of the United States
WENDELL M. HOLLOWAY
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE. JUSTICE,
COMMERCE, THE JUDICIARY AND
house of Representatives
DISTRICT OFFICE:
RELATED AGENCIES
INGLEWOOD CITY HALL
1 MANCHESTER BOULEVARD
Chashington, D.C. 20515
INGLEWOOD, CALIFORNIA 90301
(213) 678-5424
MARGUERITE J. ARCHIE
August 19, 1976
DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
Mr. Tsuneishi
Japanese American Citizens League
125 Weller Street, Room 310
Los Angeles, CA 90012
Dear Mr. Tsuneishi:
In response to your letters seeking my support for a
Presidential pardon for Ms. Iva Toguri, your organization
may use my name as one of your supporters.
After reviewing the materials you sent me and the recent
remarks in the Congressional Record of my colleague, the
Honorable Spark Matsunaga, I recognize the tragedy of
discrimination and post-war hysteria which confronted
this American citizen. It is based, as always, on igno-
rance.
Recognizing the delicate political climate at this time,
I will be happy to contact the President with my support
at whatever appropriate time you advise.
Very truly yours,
Um Benk
YVONNE BRATHWAITE BURKE
MEMBER OF CONGRESS
YBB: CLF: ba
LIBRARY GERALD R. FORD
NISEI POST 8985
VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF CALIFORNIA
SACRAMENTO. CALIFORNIA
October 5, 1976
Honorable Gerald R. Ford
President of the United States
of America
Capitol Building
Washington, D.C. 20013
Dear President Ford:
VFW Post 8985, Sacramento, unanimously passed a motion recently to sup-
port the movement to obtain a Presidential pardon for Mrs. Iva Toguri
d'Aquino who was convicted for treason in 1949. Our investigation dis-
closes she was tried under the most adverse conditions and convicted of
many acts for which she was not responsible. We now learn that all the
chips were stacked against her, even to the extent that witnesses were
coerced into giving false testimonies.
In spite of all the prejudice and unfair treatment she has received,
Mrs. d'Aquino has remained faithful and loyal to the United States of
America. And she is trying to live out her life as best as she can.
Post 8985 currently has a membership of 275 veterans of foreign wars.
And we are united in making this request for the pardon which only you
are able to give. We believe that her behavior as an alien living in
the enemy's country in time of war did not constitute treason, but her
actions clearly show that she did her best to work for her country and
people as a loyal American. She should not be held responsible for the
actions committed by others whose identities are not known.
Please give this matter your earliest attention in order that Mrs. d'Aquino
may be exonerated from the crimes and regain her citizenship which is
rightfully hers.
Very truly yours,
Georgen Monta
George Morita
Commander
FORD i GERALD LIBRARY
cc Mr. Clifford I. Uyeda
Japanese American Citizens League
An Association of Men Who Have Fought America's Wars on Land and Sea
Japanese American Citizens League
MONTEREY PENINSULA CHAPTER
P.O. Box 664
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93940
October 9, 1976
Dr. Clifford Uyeda
National Headquarters
Japanese American Citizens League
1765 Sutter Street
San Francisco, California 94115
Dear Dr. Uyeda:
On October 1, 1976 at their monthly post meeting, the Nisei Memorial
Post 1629 VFW of the Monterey Peninsula did in fact support the JACL
effort for a Presidential Pardon on behalf of Iva Toguri D' Aquino.
The Post Commander, James Suzuki handed me 2 petition sheets containing
a total of 27 names of post members and wives who have gone on record
in favor of the pardon for Iva Toguri.
When I am so notified that petitions are to be forwarded for submission
to the President, I will send Post 1629's along with the rest that we
have from our chapter.
I hope that this information will be an incentive to the other Nisei
VFW posts in California to rally to the cause.
Dr. Uyeda, I will keep you informed of our progress on this issue here
on the Monterey Peninsula. I am also enclosing herewith a copy of the
editorial that ran earlier this year on the Monterey Peninsula. We
spoke with the editor and he promised us another updated editorial in
the near future. Thank you for the booklets that you sent for our use.
Sincerely,
Lorefacole Doug Jacobs
encl
Chapter President
LIBRARY GERALD ? FORD
MEMBER NORTHERN CALIFORNIA WESTERN NEVADA DISTRICT COUNCIL - NATIONAL COUNCIL
western union
Telegram
SFA111(1028) (2-012252E322) PD 11/17/76 1028 1976 NOV 17 AM 7: 34
ICS IPMMTZZ CSP
3012295671 TDMT BETHESDA MD 212 11-17 1028A EST
PMS DON HAYASHI ACTING NATIONAL DIRECTOR, JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS
LEAGUE, FONE 9AM PST, 921-5225 AND DLR IMMY AFTER, DLR
1765 POST) ST SUTTER
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94115
THE AMERICAN VETERANS COMMITTEE (AVC) WHICH WAS FOUNDED DURING WORLD
WAR II BY AMERICAN SERVICEMEN AND SERVICEWOMEN, AT IT'S FALL
NATIONAL BOARD MEETING HELD IN WASHINGTON DC ON NOVEMBER 13 1976,
PASSED A RESOLUTION "REQUESTING THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
TO GRANT A PARDON TO IVA TOGURI SO THAT HER AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP MAY
BE RESTORED".
THE AMERICAN VETERANS COMMITTEE WHOSE VETERAN-MEMBERS LOCATED ALL
SF-1201 (R5-69)
OVER THE COUNTRY AND WHO SERVED IN FOUR WARS, WORLD WAR II, WORLD
WAR I, KOREA AND VIET-NAM, IS A HIGHLY RESPECTED ESTABLISHED
VETERANS ORGANIZATION WITH A UNIQUE MOTTO "CITIZENS FIRST, VETERANS
SECOND". THE AVC DEDICATED ITSELF "TO ACHIEVE A MORE DEMOCRATIC AND
PROSPEROUS AMERICA AND MORE STABLE WORLD".
THE FIRST TRULY INTEGRATED VETERANS ORGANIZATION, AVC, SINCE IT'S
FOUNDING HAS BEEN IN THE FOREFRONT IN THE STRUGGLE FOR RACIAL
JUSTICE CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES, EQUAL RIGHTS AND EQUAL
OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL AMERICANS. AVC WAS ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE
WORLD VETERANS FEDERATION DURING THE EARLY '50'S. THE AVC NATIONAL
HEADQUARTERS ARE IN WASHINGTON DC. AMONG AVC HONORARY MEMBERS HAVE
BEEN: HARRY S TRUMAN, MRS ELEANOR ROOSEVELT, RALPH BUNCH AND SENATOR
PAUL DOUGLAS.
SAUL ROSEN, NATIONAL CHAIRMAN, AMERICAN VETERANS COMMITTEE
SF-1201 (R5-69)
&
FORD
1333 CONNECTICUT AVE NORTHWEST WASHINGTON DC 20036
NNNN
GERALD
LIBRARY
CAMOARD
FORM
NO.
Ofice Memorandum
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
The Attorney General
DATE: September 24, 1946
ROM : Theron L. Caudle, Assistant Attor
TLC:SCE:DTJ
OFFICE OF THE
146-28-1941
OBJECT: IVA IKUKO TOGURI, with aliases
Tokyo Rose, Orphan Annie, An;
SEP
Treason
25
1945
AMOUNT
This subject mas born
Greate
California, on
July 4, 1916. She went to Japan in the Summer of 1941 for the
purpose of caring for an invalid aunt and mas unable to return
to the United States prior to the outbreak of the war. In
November, 1943 she obtained employment as an announcer on a
program known as the Zero Hour over Radio Tokyo.
Toguri was taken into custody by our military authori-
ties in Jacan and has been identified in newspaper accounts as
"Tokyo Rose. it This was the name given by American troops to a
woman broadcaster over Radio Tokyo whose program consisted of
popular American music, interspersed with news broadcasts, remarks
inferring that the soldiers' loved ones at home were unfaithful
and amouncements concerning the movements of our land, sea and
air forces. These broadcasts were intended, of course, to cause
discontent among our soldiers and to convey the impression that
the Japanese had advance knowledge of our war strategy. It appears
further that no broadcaster over Radio Tokyo was announced as
"Tokyo Rose" and that several women announcers of programs of this
type were given that name indi Iscrimirately by the American troops.
Considerable investigation has been conducted in this
case and it appears that the identification of Toguri as "Tokyo
Rose" is erroneous, or, at least, that her activity consisted of
nothing nore than the announcing of musical selections. She has
denied making any other type of broadcasts and radio technicians
and fellow broadcasters also stated that this TT2S the extent of her
activity, with the exception of two cr three who said that remarks
on her broadcasts were anti-United States. They did not reveal in
what respect her statements were anti-United States, however, or
give any specific remarks or specific or approximate dates that
they were made. A few recording cylinders of her broadcasts and
a large number of her scripts were located, and they, as well as
the transcripts of the only two broadcasts of her program which
were monitored by the Federal Communications Commission, do not
disclose that shs did anything more than introduce musical records.
In addition, it appears that "Tokyo Rose" mas broadcasting to-
the date of Toguri's employment.
146-28-1941
It is my opinion that Toguri's activities, particularly JUSTICE
in view of the innocuous nature of her broadcasts, are'not 1 1948
sufficient to warrant her prosecution for treason. ThelDrited RECORDS
CRIM-INTERNAL SECURITY SEQ
States Attorney at Los Angeles concurs in this opinion. I
believe that the case should be closed, subject, of course,
to being reopened in the event more information is received
at a later date, and that the War Department should be advised
that we no longer desire her retention in custody.
Cowpbell
Memorandum
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
20
:
The Attorney General
DATE: December 2, 1948
FROM
:
Alexander M. Campbell, Assistant Attorney General,
AMC:WEF:lr
Criminal Division
SUBJECT: IVA IKUKO TOGURI D'AQUINO
146-28-1941
Treason
RECEIVED
LED
SMB
tand
17 1949
I wined dam The
Division
The witness Yagi whom Harry Brundidge produced as a
result of his trip to Japan last spring was, it now appears,
confront
guilty of perjury in his testimony before the grand jury in
the Toguri case. He has finally confessed to a CIC officer
in Japan that he falsely stated that another witness, whom
he identified as a result of persuasion by Harry Brundidge,
was present at the broadcast.
with
itc
Yagi had told Mr. Hogan in Japan that he witnessed
one broadcast by the defendant Toguri while in the company of
a Japanese friend whose identity he refused to disclose on the
ground that the friend would not testify because of fear. Mr.
Brundidge assured Mr. Hogan at that time that the unidentified
friend was at that moment in Brundidge's room but would not talk.
Yagi testified to the same effect before the grand jury but his
evasiveness aroused the suspicions of the FBI who questioned him
many times in San Francisco. Finally, after consulting with Mr.
Brundidge in Monterey, Yagi identified his friend as one Kodaira.
The CIC Agent who escorted the Japanese witnesses from
and to Tokyo was requested by Messrs. Hogan and DeWolfe to conduct
certain investigations in Japan upon his return, including the
locating and interrogating of Kodaira. The CIC report which has
just been received shows that Kedaira emphatically denies having
attended any broadcast at Radio Tokyo with Yagi. Yagi stuck to
FORD
his original story until confronted with Kodaira's denial, after
which he asserted that a friend had told him not to reveal his
true identity. Finally, on November 5, 1948, the following occurred:
"At approximately 1515 hours, questioning of
Yagi continued. Yagi appeared more nervous than
previously mentioned. When advised that it was
the intent of the writer to confront Yagi with
Fill
amezord
Kodaira in an effort to resolve the conflicting
ict!
statements, Yagi begged the writer not to do so
stating, "I will tell you the truth this time'
146-28-1911
Yagi then advised, 'My friend, Harry T. Brundidge,
came to Japan in March or April 1943. He asked me
JAN 12 1949
to go to the United States of America as a witness
DIVISION
RECERD
CRDI. INTERNAL SECURITY SEC.
against Toguri. I told him I never seen Toguri
broadcasting. He stated, "If you tell the story
to Mr. Hogan then you will make a trip to the
United States and we will have a nice time to-
gether. 11 At this point of the interview, Yagi
seemed to regain his composure. In response to
a question by the writer as to whether he would
make a sworn statement to the above, he replied,
Yes, I want to tell the truth now even though it
gets me in lots of trouble.' Yagi continued, "The
statement I signed (that is the statement given to
Hogan in Tokyo in March or April 1948) was not the
truth. in
GERALD R. FORD 11 Visit
lawffell
Memorandum
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
20
:
The Attorney General
DATE: December 2, 1948
FROM
:
Alexander M. Campbell, Assistant Attorney General,
AMC:WEF:lr
Criminal Division
SUBJECT: IVA IKUKO TOGURI D'AQUINO
146-28-1941
Treason
RECEIVED
LED
SMB
tead
17 1949
I wored dam withing caupoly
Division
The witness Yagi whom Harry Brundidge produced as
a
result of his trip to Japan last spring was, it now appears,
caprent
guilty of perjury in his testimony before the grand jury in
the Toguri case. He has finally confessed to a CIC officer
Brundie
in Japan that he falsely stated that another witness, whom
he identified as a result of persuasion by Harry Brundidge,
was present at the broadcast.
with
itc
Photocopy from Gerald R Ford Library
Yagi had told Mr. Hogan in Japan that he witnessed
one broadcast by the defendant Toguri while in the company of
a Japanese friend whose identity he refused to disclose on the
ground that the friend would not testify because of fear. Mr.
Brundidge assured Mr. Hogan at that time that the unidentified
friend was at that moment in Brundidge's room but would not talk.
Yagi testified to the same effect before the grand jury but his
evasiveness aroused the suspicions of the FBI who questioned him
many times in San Francisco. Finally, after consulting with Mr.
Brundidge in Monterey, Yagi identified his friend as one Kodaira.
The CIC Agent who escorted the Japanese witnesses from
and to Tokyo was requested by Messrs. Hogan and DeWolfe to conduct
certain investigations in Japan upon his return, including the
locating and interrogating of Kodaira. The CIC report which has
just been received shows that Kedaira emphatically denies having
attended any broadcast at Radio Tokyo with Yagi. Yagi stuck to
his original story until confronted with Kodaira's denial, after
which he asserted that a friend had told him not to reveal his
true identity. Finally, on November 5, 1948, the following occurred:
"At approximately 1515 hours, questioning of
Yagi continued. Yagi appeared more nervous than
previously mentioned. When advised that it was
the intent of the writer to confront Yagi with
Fill
amegra
Kodaira in an effort to resolve the conflicting
it!
statements, Yagi begged the writer not to do so
stating, "I will tell you the truth this time'.
146-28-19111
Yagi then advised, 'My friend, Harry T. Brundidge,
came to Japan in March or April 1943. He asked me
JAN
12
19493
to go to the United States of America as a witness
DIVISION RECERD
CRDI. INTERNAL SECURITYSEC
against Toguri. I told him I never seen Toguri
broadcasting. He stated, "II you tell the story
to Mr. Hogan then you will make a trip to the
United States and we will have a nice time to-
gether." At this point of the interview, Yagi
seemed to regain his composure. In response to
a question by the writer as to whether he would
make a sworn statement to the above, he replied,
"Yes, I want to tell the truth now even though it
gets me in lots of trouble.' Yagi continued, "The
statement I signed (that is the statement given to
Hogan in Tokyo in March or April 1948) was not the
truth."
Photocopy from Gerald R, R.Ford Library
LIGHT right GERALD FREE.
Office Memorandum
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO
The Attorney General
DATE: June 8, 1949
FROM : Alexander H. Campbell, Assistant Attorney General,
ALC:JBH:mmv
Criminal Division
146-28-1941
SUBJECT: United States V. Iva Toguri D'Aquino - Treason
You will recall that by memorandum dated December 2,
on
BY
1948, we informed you that, then prospective Government trial
witness, Yagi had given a statement to the Counterintelligence
Corps in Japan to the effect that his testimony before the Grand
DEC
Jury in San Francisco was false and that he had given this testi-
mony, as well as his previous statement, to an attorney of the
8
RR
Criminal Division at the suggestion and urging of witness Harry
Brundidge. You will also recall that witness Brundidge when con-
1933
fronted with this statement simply denied it in toto.
We are now in receipt of a statement by Yagi made in Japan
to an FBI agent reiterating his accusation in somewhat greater. detail.
We also have a statement from another Japanese, Toshikatsu Kodaira,
which states in effect that he, Kodaira, as also requested and urged
by Brundidge and Yagi to give a similar false statement.
The defendant's attorney, who was in Japan obtaining deposi-
tions for and on behalf of the defendant, is aware of the recent revela-
tions made by Yagi and Kodaira, and will cross examine Brundidge in that
regard when and if he takes the stand as a Government witness at the
trial on the merits herein. The testimony expected of Brundidge at the
trial of this cause will be corroborated by evidence from other credible
sources.
The trial of the instant case is scheduled to begin at San
Francisco on July 5, 1949.
GERALD
FORD
In considering the possibility of instituting prosecution
against Brundidge for subornation of perjury, we believe that such
action taken prior to the completion of the litigation involving Iva
Toguri D'Aouino would completely destroy any chance of a conviction in
her case. We further believe that it would be unwise to initiate such
prosecution of Brundidge at any time because the chance of convicting a
white man upon the testimony of two Japanese, particularly in California,
is very slight. We also feel that the fairly close friendship which existed
between witness Yagi and newspaper nan Brundidge for a considerable number
of years would probably result in Yagi's refusal to testify against Brundidge
on grounds of self-incrimination.
In view of the foregoing, it is strongly recommended that at the
present juncture no federal crininal proceedings of any sort be initiated
against Harry Brundidge for any alleged Federal statutory offense arising
out of the facts hereinbefore discussed. This Division is likewise firmly
of the view that there is no reasonable expectation from a factual stand-
point of a successful ensuing Federal criminal prosecution subsequently
against Brundidge based on the facts which are the subject matter of
this memorandum.
IV
1857
ADDRESS REPLY TO
UNITE
TITES ATTORNEY
DRIVER TO
and
SAND NUMBER
C.C.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
UNITED STATES ATTORNEY
OFFICE OF THE
RECEIVED
JMC:JM
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
DEC 1947
December 5, 1947
ATTORNEY GENERAL
AIR MAIL
116-28-1941
Honorable Tom C. Clark
Attorney General
Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
MLT =
the
Re: Tokyo Pose and Walter Winchell
My dear Mr. Clark:
On December 4th, I talked with Harry Brand, Assistant to
Joseph Schenck at 20th Century-Fox studios, and told him trat if
it could be arranged I would appreciate an appointment with Walter
Winchell; that I did not want to ask any favors or make any complaints,
but to make available to Mr. Winchell certain facts if he did not
already have them.
I cleared the matter through Mr. Peyton Ford, after putting
through 2 call to you to find you were out of the city. Mr. Brand
then made an appointment for me to talk to Walter Winchell on Thursday
afternoon, December 4th.
I arrived at 20th Century-Fox studios and met Harry Brand; he
R
stated that there were very few people wão could talk to Winchell and
that Mr. Joseph Schenck was one of these and one of Winchell's good
BEART
as
friends.
AND
He went to Mr. Schenck's office and there met Mr. Schenck and
Charles Carr. I explained to Mr. Schenck our purpose in talking to
Winchell was to endeavor to see that he understood the facts of the
case and that I did not seel: to ask any favors of Winchell. Mr. Schenck
said he W?S & good friend of Winchell and that Mr. Carr was also a good
friend of both Winchell and Schenck and that he (Nr. Schenck) would be
Elad to have Mr. Carr go along to the conference. ire then proceeded
to Winchell's office.
I was introduced to Winchell and stated that I W23 there not
for the nurpose of attempting to influence him in any of his activities,
or to ask any favors, but nerely to make available to hin the facts.
FORYICTORY
BUY
This lir. andswered by a PERSONAL and CONFIDENTIAL note from Mr. Peyton
LYITED
STATES
WAR
Ford 12-9-47 (no copy for our files).
BONDS
STAMPS
File
Hon. Tom C. Clark
Dec. 5. 1947
I stated to Mr. Winchell that there were about six women
who broadcast from the Radio Tokyo, only one of whom was an American
citizen, to-wit, Pose Toguri. Winchell said he knew the facts and
proceeded to make a long, eloquent and interesting speech. In the
course of these comments by Winchell I received the impression there
night have been, in the past, some differences between you and Winchell.
Vinchell made the following points:
(1) That it was the duty of the Attorney General and the Department
of Justice to propose legislation to ice used against such persons 23
"Tokyo Pose" and to "do something about it."
(2) He mentioned 2 luncheon which had been held at 20th Century-
Fox some time in the past, in which he intimated that you had not
given him a correct answer when asked = whether you were to be the new
Attorney General. Ee stated that you were appointed within the next
few days.
(3) He claimed he had been plugging you for Attorney General
part of that time and intimated he had never received proper thanks.
(4) Mr. Carr sooke uo and said that he knew of his own knowledge
that you did not know at the time of the luncheon that you were to be
Attorney General; that you were planning on going back to Texas to
practice law. Mr. Carr presented this in his vigorous manner and I
believe it had considerable effect upon Mr. Winchell.
(5) He complained about the failure of the Justice Department to
reprosecute the Washington Sedition case, and though conceding there
were too many defendants, he believed they should have been prosecuted
in the verious districts throughout the country.
(6) Mention W?.S made of John Rosse - Winchell spoke in an approving
and not critical Janner.
(7) He talked at length about his various libel suits and the
problems he had in connection with being a radio broadcaster.
(8) At 2. break in his conversation, I exhibited to hin 2. copy of
the press release released in Washington concerning Tokyo Pose" and
told him it was a complete copy of the release. Ee read it with in-
terest, and stated he was =lad to see that "Tokyo Pose" WSS not to be
allowed to come back to the United States; he intimated he was going
to use the release, or part of it, 0. his Sunday night brondenst. Ke
commented that the release did not say that it had been brought about
by his previous broadcast.
R.
GERALD
FORD
LIBRARY
Hon. Tom C. Clark
-3-
Dec. 5. 1947
(9) I repeated that I was not defending "Tokyo Pose" and
wished him more power in his activities in exposing American
citizens who engaged in harmful and unpatriotic conduct, at
home and abroad, but stated that as 2. lawyer I was not going to
recommend 2 prosecution unless we had some kind of Γ. case against
the defendant.
(10) Mr. Carr mentioned letters he had received as United States
Attorney from G Is all over the world, criticizing Mr. Carr for his
announced intention of prosecuting "Tokyo Pose" and claiming that the
"Tokyo Zose" broadcast, instead of being zorale breakers were corale
builders. Winchell replied that these people were probably communists,
but Mr. Carr continued with the argument and I think made some in-
pression on Winchell.
(11) I emplained to him the innocuous character of the "Orohan
Annie" broadcasts, and offered to erhibit to him translations of the
"Orphan Annie" broadcasts which were put out over the air by Rose
Toguri. Ee stated that he was familiar with the fact that many of
them were innocuous.
In general, I would report that Winchell opened uo and talked
quite friendly and freely towards the close of the conversation. I
think that the presence of some of our good friends at 20th Century-Fox
had a great deal to do with this. His telephone was ringing constantly
until he cut off calls, and I know he makes very few appointments to
see people.
I received the distinct impression and feeling that if there
were any hostile attitude on the part of Winchell towards the Department,
it could be broken down, and that any differences are not unsurmountable.
I received also the impression that somewhere along the line
his priče had been injured, and I am of the opinion that you could go
a long wey towards smoothing things out, should you have 2 personal
chat with Mr. Winchell.
He is leaving for the east on Sunday night December 7th or
Monday, December 8th, going either to New York or to Washington.
SEALE
YORD
Hon. Tom C. Clark
1
Dec. 5. 1947
As we left Mr. Winchell's office to 50 to our cars,
the question of "Tokyo Pose" care up again, and I suggested to
him the bad situation which would occur should the Government
seek 2 prosecution without having a proper case, and if the
trial resulted in a dismissal or acquittal. He agreed readily
that this would be worse than having no prosecution, and :fe
parted in a very friendly manner.
Trusting the foregoing meets with your approval, and
that the corference and this report on it may be of some assistance
to you the Department, I an
Sincerely
JAMES M. CARTER
United States Attorney
cc: Monorable Peyton Ford
Acting the Assistant to
The Attorney General
Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
GERAL FORD TRUSTY
UNITED STATES ATTORNEY
AND REFER TO INITIALS AND NUMBER
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
-
UNITED STATES ATTORNEY
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
SAN FRANCISCO 1
Re Iva Togun Wagnino
12 naturberr
46-28-1941
\
FILED
3Y
GMB
KCV 17 1040
4 NOV 13 1348
Ray
CL
1 widustood my instructions we its the
Qs to was Two of inDictment
Togriease - valed against are to practically
groud jurals for we n in arder
make To was a necessary speeed
to abtain are these edecustances we 7 BElIEVE up
will under wish to Back the to
the and Ag immediately requestible SA
Director. to much send Benefit to the course Case
gauldresult from such R.FORD
FILE of action n. Regards law
Ph
LIBRARY GERALD
Department of Justice
DEPARTMENT*OF JUSTICE
DIVISION OF RECORDS
Telegram
TELEGRAPH OFFICE
1946 SP 13 PM 2:10
BU Q129 GOVT DL PD
NUX WASHINGTON DC SEP 13 1945 131P
ATTORNEY GENERAL DEPT OF JUST
RE YOUR WIRE IVA TOGURI FURTHER INVESTIGATION MENTIONED IN
SEP 13 3 326 26 PM "46
RECEIVED
CORRESPONDENCE HAS NOT STRENGTHEN THIS CASE PD WE FEEL
EVIDENCE IMADEQUATE PD RECOMMEND TREASON PROSECUTION BE
DECLINED PD END
U S ATTORNEY LOSA CALIF 131700Z
208P.
UL 28-194 19
131700Z.
DEPARTMENT OF 1!!- RE
SEP 13 1946
P.R.C
DIVISI
(RM-INTER) SECURITY SEC
PN
RECOR
Fenuc.
FILE - JSH
R Q128-129 DJ
Hoyes
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
Office Memorandum
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO
Theron L. Caudle, Assistant Attorney General,
DATE: September 19, 1946
Criminal Division
NTE:JBH:vng
FROM
=
Nathan T. Elliff, Chief, Internal Security Section
146-28-1941
SUBJECT: IVA IKUKO TOGURI, with aliases
Tokyo Rose, Orohan Annie, Ann - Treason
Reference is made to ny memorandum to you dated May 15, 1946, in
which I analyzed the available evidence and expressed my conclusion
that that this is not a casa for prosecution for treason. Inasmuch as
that memorandum mas rather complete I will not repeat it here. It need
merely be stated that the evidence will undoubtedly prove the subject's
American citizenship and the fact that she broadcast for the Japanesa
for 2 salary. However, the available scripts and the testimony of
the majority of witnesses indicate that her broadcasts were innocuous,
and could not be considered giving aid and comfort to the enemy.
The Har Department has been irquiring at intervals as to what
disposition is to be made of this case. Before communicating, with
the Mar Department, it was decided to solicit the opinion of the
United States Attorney at Los Angeles because he has been studying
this matter since its inception. By a telegram dated September 13;
1946, he has advised that he does not feel the evidence is adequate
to recommend a treason prosecution. he concur in his opinion and
suggest that this mattor be considered closed at this time, and that
the War Department be advised that T18 no longer desire that the
subject be retained in custody. Of course, if additional information
is received at a later date, the entire case can be reconsidered.
146-28-1941 OF JUSTICE
THE
OCT T-2 1948
DIVISION OF RECORDS
RITERNAL SECURITY SEC.
LDM
T
T7Q:JBH:vng
145-28-1941
October 24, 1947
EAT
is
is
BY
The Honorable
The Secretary of State
as OCT 31 1947
Washington 25, D. C.
My dear Hrs Secretary:
Attentions Mrs. PL B. Shipley,
Chief, Passport Division
This will acknowledge receipt of your lotter of October 20,
1947, your file F130-Aquino, Izuko D', concerning Mrs. D'Acuino's
application for a passport to return to the United States.
After a caraful analysis of the available evidence, this
Department concluded that prosecution of this individual for
tresson was not varranted, and 78 50 informed the Mar Decart-
ment. Therafore, this Department will have no objection to
the issue of a passport to Hrs. D'Aquino.
Respectfully,
For the Attornay General
yest
T. VINCENT QUINN,
Assistant Attorney General
PM
GC: Records
Chron.
Mr. Hogan
SENT OCT 23 B7 Masseng JGLON
GERALD A
HE
12-5-4
f,
C,Fire Memorandum :
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
JAN 11 1949
ZO
The Attorney Genera ATTORNEY GENERAL
Jard
:
DATE: January 2949
FROM : Alexander M. Campbell, Assistant
General
AMC:mab
FILED
SUBJECT: Iva Ikuko Toguri D'Aquino
BY
RC
146-28-1941
Treason
RoseJokya
On APR 5 1954
With reference to a memorandum of December 2, 1948 submitted
to the Attorney General in the above captioned matter and on the basis
of information contained in said memorandum to the effect that witness
Yagi had repudiated his testimony before the Grand Jury in San Francisco,
had repudiated a statement which he gave to Mr. John Hogan of the
Criminal Division to the effect that he witnessed one broadcast by the
defendant Toguri, and that the reason he made the original statements
to the said Hogan and to the Grand Jury was as a result of persuasion
by one Harry Brundidge, I today conferred with said Brundidge in the
presence of Hugh Fisher, Special Assistant to the Attorney General and
Dean Schedler, Director of Public Information, the latter having known
Brundidge for several years and having had contact with him previously
in the Department before the said Brundidge went to Japan.
When confronted with the substance of the memorandum of
December 2, 1948, heretofore referred to, Mr. Harry Brundidge stated
that he could give no reason as to why Yagi had now changed his story
and could give no suggestions to the Department which may be helpful
in clarifying the situation except that he may have been stricken with
fear since his return to Japan.
Mr. Brundidge denied that he persuaded witness Yagi to so
testify before the Grand Jury in the Toguri case.
The interview lasted from 2:30 p.m. until 3:15 D.M.
The Criminal Division on December 23, 1948 recuested the
Bureau to contact Yagi in Jápan again for the purpose of ascertaining
what promoted him to make the last statement repudiating his Grand Jury
testimony and his statement to John Hogan. As you know, Special Agent
Frederick Tillman departed for Japan on December 23, in connection with
the Provoo, D'Aquino, Ince and Streeter cases.
146-28-1941
General- we
the ease according
Hagsh my information 26 the
P
Tokyo Rose.
12-5-47
veral FBI reports received since the Department's press release in
December tend to confirm the previous opinion held in this Division that
IVA TOGURI, now held in custody in Japan, did broadcast over the Japanese
radio from late in 1943 until the capitulation. She always called herself
Orphan Annie or Anne and broadcast on a program written by captured American
and Australian army officers known ES the "Zero Eour Broadcast". Eer
statements were limited to the introduction of musical selections and
comparatively inocuous references to thentroops being homesick. None of
the statements commonly attributed to "Tokyo Rose" regarding trocp movements
or actions of the troops' wives at home and other statements intended to break
down morale, has been attributed to Iva Toguri. In fact the most competent
witnesses clearly distinguish between Ive Toguri, socalled Orphan Annie, and
the women broadcasters generally referred to as "Tokyo Rose".
The investigation is continuing and no determination regarding grand jury
proceedings, if she is allowed to return to the United States, will be made
until the investigation is completed.
Iva Toguri is E. native born citizen of the United Statetes
State Dest in holding fish basis for x her at one
lumisty. but comflife. -
M &
146-28-144
US
Feb b A/S iv
MAR 2.
File B
FARD
03
FEDERAL BUREAUTOR INVESTIGATION
Form: No. 1
THIS CASE CR GINATED AT
SAX
FRINCILCO
FILE NO.
:=AP
31 Pace, Texas
4-20-49
4-1/49
A. JOHNS
adl
TITLE
CHARACTER CF C.SE
INA IMMO TOURI Sac,
TREASCH
SYNCPSIS CF FACTS:
FBI, Special loyee LAVID I. GILMICRE identified voice on
Record Cuts 270. 2 and in 33 that C-2 Crohen Annie. In signed
statement GILMORE advited that Cruhen Annie conducted the
Zero Hour program which he heard in the Marianna Islands
during 1944 while he was with L. S. Marine Corps. This
program featured popular American SOUTS and comments by
Crohan Annio describing the pleasant life end good times
back in the United States. GELMORE advised that zoice -
Crohan 13 not that C2 +:- announcer re knew 35 TOWO
RCE, who conducted 3 radio Guring -he same period
featuring uro-Jananess DOWS broadcasts and COMMISS from
and about U. S. Prischers of Her telling how well they were
treated. GILMORE stated voice on Record Cut No. 1 was the
voice of ToKyc ROSE. >
P -
Bureau File
Sen Francisco teletype to El Paso dated 4-15-49.
Los Angeles letter to Director dated 8-11-48.
DETAILS:
The phonograph records described in the referenced letter
from Los Angeles to the Bureau were played to SE DAVID I.
GILMORE in the E1 Paso Office. After listening to these
records GILMORE furnished the following information in the
form of a signed statement:
"April 19, 1949
El Paso, Texas"
"I, David I. Gilmore, made the following statement to
Principal FORD LIBRARY
EP
"Fredorick 4. Johns, who has identified himself to me
as a Special Agent of the Federal Surcau of" Investigation.
I make this statement froely and willingly.
"I have just finished listcning to a phonograph record
containing 3 scparate cuts. For identification purposes I
have marked this record with =y initials, D.I.G. and the date
4-19-49.
"I recognize the voice on cuts two and thrce as the radio
voice I knew as Crphan Annic. The woman who identified hersclf
as Orphan Annic during 1944 conducted a radio program from
Tokyo known as the "Zoro Hour". To the bost of my recollection.
the "Zero Hour" was heard by me at approximately 7:30 PM
Marianna Islands time from July of 1944 to Cctober of 1944.
At this time I was the radio opcrator on combat duty with the
rank of Corporal with the Sccond Marino Division, Second Joint
Beach Assault Force. I first became acquainted with this
program during the strugglo for Tinian, H.I. I listened to
this program irrogularly. During the first month I listened
nearly every night and afterwards only once or twice a month.
The "Zoro Hour" consisted of songs popular in the United States
before World :ar II, together with comments by the announcer,
Orphan Annic. I recall one specific program, broadcast shortly
after the Tinian Campaign began, in which Orphan Annic, in a
friendly mannor, said that she was going to play the following
record for the boys on Tinian. The record was ontitled "Moon
Over Miami". After saying this Orrhan Annic asked "How's the
moon over Tinian tonight, boys?" She then went on to say
before the rocord was played that the boys and girls back in
Miami were enjoying the bcautiful Miami moón and warm brooze.
I also definitely recall that Orphan Annie, on other occasions
played "Deep in the Hcart of Texas" and "Star Dust".
"I do not recall that this person ever described herself
in any other way than as Orphan Annic.
"As to the "Zero Hour" programs, I recall that Orphan
Annic's comment repeatedly described the pleasant life back
home in the United States and the fun peoplo were having there
whilo WC were fighting in the Pacific.
"I have read this and two other pages, understand it and
it is truc.
/s/ DAVID I. GILMONE
FORD
Witnessed:
/s/ Frodcrick A. Johns'
Special Agent, FBI, El Paso.
WHRALD
LIBRARY
- 2
It should be noted that the voice on Cuts No. 2 and 3, on the phonograph
records identifies itself as IVA TOGUMI and OREHAN ANTE.
SE DAVID I. CILMORE further advised that the voice on Cut No. 1 of the
above montioned thoncorrath record was that of TOKYO ROSE an entircly
different person from the one whose voico was recorded in Cuts 2 and
3 of this record.
SE GILMORE furnished the following information in the form of a signed
statement regarding TOKYO ROSE:
"April 19, 1949
El Paso, Toxas
"I, David I. Gilmore, make the following statement to
Froderick 1-. Johns who has identified himself to me as a
Special Agent of the Federal Euronu of Invostigation. I make
this staten It freely and willingly.
"I have just finished listening to 3 phonograph record
containing 3 scparate cuts. For the purposes of identification
I have marked this record with my initials, D.I.G. and the date,
4-19-49.
"Cut #1 was recognized by me as the voice I knew as that of
TOKYO ROSE.
"I have previously listened to radio news broadcasts by a
woman's voico. This individual identified herself as Tokyo Rose.
These broadcasts were heard by me at approximately 4:45 PM, local
time, Marianna Islands, irregularly from Junc, 1944 to March, 1945.
At this time I was a radio operator with rank of Corporal on duty
with the Second Marine Division, Second Joint Beach Assault Force.
During this period I listoned to the Tokyo Rose broadcasts irregular.
Sometimes I would liston to the program cveryday for a week, then nc
listen for a month and then resume listening for several days.
"In all the broadcasts I heard, this announcer identified her-
solf only as Tokyo Ross. I recall that her voice impressed me as
being that of a person who spoke perfect English with no trace of a
forcign accont.
"In addition to nows broadcasts, Tokyo Rosc also broadcast"
- 3
GERALD'S LIBRARY FORD
"messages supposedly coming from American prisoners of war.
At other times, men's voiccs supposedly those of the prisoncrs
of war themsolves were heard. At the time I wrote down the
names and addresses none of which I now recall of the American
Mar prisoners intending to write to thcir familios. However,
I nover got around to so writing. Later on this list of names
and addresses was lost.
"In these broadcasts, Tokyo Rose never made any romarks
derogatory to the Japanesc. In general she and the supposed
American prisoners of war, said that the American prisoncrs
were in good hcalth and being treated very kindly.
"Tho voice I know as Tokyo Rose frequently exaggerated and
di storted military engagements taking place at that time. As
an example of this, I personally witnessed an acrial dogfight
between Amorican and Japanese planes on the evening of June 15,
1944 over the harbor at the Island of Saipan. I recall the
date because it was my first night in combat and was D Day
at Saipan. I"later heard Tokyo Rose describe over the radio the
above montioned acrial combat and sho said that the Japanese
plancs had destroyed 40 odd American planes and had sunk several
ships in the harbor. To the best of my knowledge, this acrial
combat resulted in the Japanose planos bcing driven off and with
no casulties to either sido.
"I have read the above on this and three other pages,
understand it and it is truc.
/8/ DAVID I. GILMORE
WITNESSED:
/s/ FREDERICK A. JOHNS
Special Agent, FBI, E1 Paso, Texas.
The phonograph record referred to above and initialed by SE GILMORE
is being retained in the El Paso Office.
Incl. to San Francisco:
One signed statement by SE DAVID I. GILMORE,
regarding Orphan Annic;
One signed statement by SE DAVID I. GILMORE,
GERALD P FORD
rogarding Tokyo Roso.
-PENDING-
de 4 -
32
1
"Q. Any statement made as to the reasons why she broad-
2
cast?
3
"A. She said she broadcast because the job paid more than
4
i
her typist Job. And it was more interesting. She enjoyed
5
the contacts and her surroundings, and she thought she
6
might be able to find a'future in radio work."
7
She also, in her interview with Mr. Kinney, discussed the
8
question of "Tokyo Rose." [I don't think the element of "Tokyo
9
Rose," or "Who is Tokyo Rose?" is of any importance in this
10
case. Nobody broadcast from Radio Tokyo under the name of
11
Tokyo Rose. Apparently it was simply a name given, facetiously,
12
by the GIs to some woman announcer of Radio Tokyo.
But this
13
defendant seems to have accepted the appellation. Covernment's
14
Exhibit No. 2, the yen note which she gave to Eisenhart, a
15
guard in the Yokohama prison, bears her signature, "Iva Ikuko
16
Toguri D Aquino, Tokyo Rose." Other souvenirs that she gave
17
away in the fórm of script, she invariably added the words
18
"Tokyo Rose." She said she did 1t at the request of the donee,
19
to whom she was giving the script. Well, even so, even if a
20
donee requested her to sign "Tokyo Rose," if she didn't feel
21
that she was the person referred to as Tokyo Rose, it isn't
22
likely that she would sign 1ts.
23
[we are more concerned in this case with "Orphan Annie,"
24
ladies and gentlemen, than with Tokyo Rose. And there is only
25
one Orphan Annie broadcasting from Radio Tokyo, and that was
GERALD FORD LIBRARY
FEDERAL COURT REPORTERS
Official Reporters
United States District Court
Northern District of California
Office Memorandum
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO
: Raymond P. Whearty, Esquire
DATE: May 25, 1948
FROM : Tom DeNolfe
TED'LA
SUBJECT:
Iva Toguri
146-28-1941
STATEMENT OF CASE
Reference is made to the abovs-entitled prospective treason
prosecution, presently panding in the Department. Subject is not
under restraint or in custody, and no criminal proceedings have
ever bsen instituted against her in the United States.
Subject will be 32 years of aga on 4 July next. She is a
Nisei, having been born in California of Japanese non-United States-
citizen parentage. She graduated from the University of California,
Los Angeles Branch, in 1940.
Her aunt was ill in Tokyo and subject's mother, being of U.l.e
sound health, requested subject in the summer of 1941 to proceed
to the Orient for the purpose of nursing subject's aunt. In July
1941, lacking a passport but provided with a certificate of
THE
identification, subject sailed from southern California to the
Orient. Having mada the voyago without 2. passport and wishing to
secure one, she visited the American Embassy in Tokyo and executed
the appropriate application. In the latter part of November 1941
she wished to return to the United States. She again visited the
American Embassy for the purpose of obtaining a passport and vas
advised by American Fabassy officials that they had received no
authorization from Washington to issue her a passport. However;
the Embassy furnished her with a letter at that time stating that
an application had been made for a passport. With this letter an
attempt was mada by subject to book passage on a ship scheduled
to sail for the United States on 2 December 1941. She then learned
that a permit was necessary from the Japanese Finance Ministry
authorizing and empowering her to take out of Japan the money she
had brought with her there from the United States. Before this per-
mit was obtainable the ship had sailed and subject was left in
Japan'at the beginning of the war on 8 December 194T.
Seen pm
146-28-1941
Finding it difficult to adjust herself among the citizenry
of Tokyo through her inability to speak the Japanesa language
subject enrolled in the School of Jananese Language and Culture
1948
in Tokyo shortly after her arrival and continued to attend this
school until December 1942. Early in 1942 she was advised that
United States citizens desiring evacuation to the-United States
I.D
should make application at the Swiss Legation. She was advised
FiLE
that the passage would cost approximately $400 and that it would
be necessary for her to pay the cost of the passage either before
she left Japan or for someone in the United States to guarantee
payment on her arrival in this country. Furthermore, she was
told by the Swiss Legation that because of the fact that she was
without a passport there was little chance that she would be
evacuated to America on the first repatriation ship. In September
1942 she again went to the Swiss Legation in an endeavor to secure
passage to New York on the Gripsholm out was unable to raise the
amount of money required for the passage. After this occurrence
she registered at a Japanese ward police station as an alien and
continuously thereafter until the fall of Japan was under the
survsillance and scrutiny of the Japanese police.
With her funds becoming exhausted in July 1942 she obtained
employment with the Japanese Domei News Agency as a typist in the
monitoring section. In August 1943 subject obtained a part-
time position as a typist with Radio Tokyo, in which type of work
she was engaged until November 1943. In November 1943, at the
instigation of one Major Charles Cousens, an Australian prisoner
of war, subject was selected through the medium of a voice test
to participate as an announcer on Radio Tokyo's program called
"Zero Hour". She worked in this capacity approximately five days
a week until 13 August 1945.
Three prisoners of war, to wit, Lieutenant Norman Reyes
(Filipino), Major Wallace E. Ince (American), Major Charles Cousens
(Australian), were in charge of the production of Radio Tokyo's
"Zero Hour" broadcasting activities for the Japanese Government.
These three men have all been cleared by their respective govern-
? ments of any charge of treasonous activity in connection with
their alleged broadcasting work. They will be the three most in-
portant witnesses against subject if an indictment should be re-
turned against her by 2 grand jury in a United States court. They
will testify that subject broadcast no information of military or
intelligence value and at no time beaned anything to troops in the
southwest Pacific of a propagandistic nature. Her sole work,
according to these witnesses, consisted of introducing musical
recordings which were beaned to Allied troops in the southwest
Pacific. They will testify that they selected subject as an an-
nouncer because she was the only woman available, white or Misei,
whom they could trust not to betray to the Japanese their efforts
to sabotage any propaganda which the Japanese might and would at-
tempt to broadcast to American trocps then fighting in the Asiatic
Theater. The three men above mentioned will testify that subject
was likewise selected by them because she possessed a masculine
RAID -2- FORD LIBRARY
voice which it was thought would not be attractive to Allied
soldiers and fighting men in the Pacific. They will testify that
subject never worked at the radio station more than two hours a
day in the afternoon for five days a week in connection with her
preparation for and actual broadcasting of the introductions to
the musical recordings aforesaid. In order to earn 2 living to
sustain herself subject was forced at the conclusion of her 20en
minute portion of the program in question to work at the Danish
Legation in Tokyo. The witnesses above mentioned will likewise
testify that subject on some occasions made every endeavor to see
that propagandistic matter was not inserted in or utilized by the
"Zero Hour" program. Sha frequently expressed pro-American
sentiments in the presence of many witnesses and often evinced
the wish and desire, when Japanese officials were not present,
that the war would end soon and that the United States, her native
land, would emerge victorious therefrom.
The three prisoners of war above mentioned who were instru-
mental in carrying out the program known as the "Zero Eour" and
others will testify that subject aided American prisoners of
war and often brought them food and sustenance. The three
prisoners of war above mentioned were, during a major portion of
their broadcasting activity, housed in a rather luxurious Japanese
hotel and were not under any more police surveillance than subject.
They seem just as much, or more, culpable than she, The scripts of
her programs seem totally innocuous and might be said to have
little, if any, entertainment value. The scripts containing the
introductions to musical recordings, which scripts subject read over
the air, were for the most part written for her in their entirety
by Major Cousens (Australian prisoner of war).
The evidence at hand discloses that the appellation "Tokyo
Rose" was never used by subject but was one indiscriminately given
to subject or any one of five female announcers working at Radio
Tokyo.
THERE IS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO MAZE OUT
A PRIMA FACIE CASE.
If an indictment is returned against subject by Federal grand
venire men in the appropriate Federal judicial district the three
Allied prisoners of war, Major Charles Cousens (Australian), Major
Wallace E. Incs (American), and Lieutenant Norman Reyes (Filisino).
will be necessary and material witnesses for and on behalf of the
United States against subject at the trial on the merits before a
petit jury. These witnesses have all been cleared of any charge
of treasonable activity in connection with their work for Padio
FORD LIBRARY
Tokyo. According to the available facts they were under 20 more
duress or compulsion than was subject. As Government witnesses
the Government will as a matter of law be forced to vouch for the
truth of their testimony. They will tastify to facts which will
disclose as a part of the Government's case in chief that defendant
lacked the requisite intent to betray. It must be proved that the
accused acted with an intention and purcose to betray or there ia
no treason. Cramer V. United States, 325 U. S. 1, 32,
Here, anticipating the interposition of a motion for judgment of
acquittal and assuming the verity of the testimony of the Government
witnesses and all reasonable inferences that may be drawn therefrom,
still the Government's case must fail as a matter of law because the
testimony of the Government will disclose that subject did not adhers
to the enemy or 0033933 the requisite disloyal state of mind.
Cramer V. United States, 325 J. S, 1, 30. If the situation vors such
that witnesses were available to testify that defendant actually
broadcast propaganda to American troops in an endeavor to lower their
morale and hinder and impede the American war effort and the defense
produced evidence to combat said Government testimony, then a jury
question would be presented but that is not the situation here.
The Government witnesses, almost to a man, will testify to facts
which show that subject was pro-imerican, wished to return to the United
States and tried so to do prior to Pearl Harbor, attempted unsuccess-
ully to return to the United States in 1942, and beaned to American
troops only the introduction to innocuous musical recordings. The
Government's evidence likewise will show that subject was a trusted
and selected agent of the Allied prisoners of war, yes selected her
as the one they could trust not to sabotage their efforts against the
success of the Jananese propaganda machine. In other words, the
testimony which the Government will offer will not males out a case
sufficient as a matter of law to withstand a mation for an instructed
verdict.
It is also believed that the two overt acts against subject which
are presently available, i.e. proof from Reyes and Ince, prisoners
of war, that subject broadcast two scripts in March 1944, are from
a factual and trial standpoint insufficient as a matter of law. The
two overt acts adverted to refer to broadcasts by subject which are
nothing but introductions to musical recordings. There i3 no proof
available that when subject committed said acts she intended to
betray the United States by means of said acts. Cramer 7, United
States, 325 U. S. 1, 31. Such proof is a vital element of the
Government's case before submission of the same to a trial jury is
warranted. The available proof on the overt acts committed by sub-
ject, i.e. broadcasting of two introductions to musical recordings
in 1944, will rot from a trial standpoint SAOW that said acts were acts
in furtherance of the Japanese war effort. In the treason trials
GERALD
FORD
recently successfully concluded in Boston, Federal Judge Ford
held as a matter of law that in order for an overt act to be suf-
ficient to warrant submission of the same to the jury the proof
thereon must show that the same was actually committed for the
purpose of furthering the enemy's war effort.
There is no available evidence unon which 3 reasonable mind
might fairly conclude guilt beyond 2 reasonable doubt and con-
sequently a motion for 2 judgment of acquittal under F.R. Crim. 2.
29(a) would probably be granted by the trial court. Curley T.
United States, 160 F. (2d) 229, cert. den. 67 S. Ct. 1511,
The statement of defendant given to Bureau Agent Tillman might
not be admissible in evidence due to the fact that subject was
in military custody at the time and had been for some time without
any military or civil charges ever having been brought against
her. United States 7. Bayer, 331 U. S. 532. Similar statements
given to Department of Justice lawyers under similar circumstances
wers ruled out in recent treason trials in the Federal Judicial
District of Massachusetts, although their admissibility was
strenuously urged by the Government. The proof available on the
merits in the treason cases successfully concluded during the past
year in Boston showed that the defendants in those cases expressed
pro-German and anti-American sentiments, broadcast propaganda from
Berlin over the German Radio, intended to dissuade American
citizenry from supporting the American war effort, and broadcast
military information and information concerning the maritime losses
of the Allied merchant marine, all obviously calculated and intended
to imeda and hamper the American war effort and lower the morals of
American citizens. The type and quantum of the proof available in
the case against subject is the direct antithesis of that available
and utilized in the Boston litigation aforesaid.
The so-called "confession" or "admission against interest"
given by subject to newspaper men Lee and Brundidge was given only
after those gentlemen offered subject $2,000 for exclusive rights
for subject's story, which was to be given to the Cosmopolitan
Magazine, which journalistic enterprise said newspaper men represented.
Of course, Lee and Brundidge at the time were not acting under the
authorization of the Department of Justice but were acting in their
private capacity. Any inducements held out by 3. private person who
is not occupying a position of authority to secure a confession do
not per se render the same inadmissible. United States T. Stone,
8 Fed. 232, Stelmer To United States, 134 F. (2d) 931 (C.C.A. 5),
cert. den. 319 U. S. 774, 87 L. Ed. 1721. Howsver, the methods by
LIBRARY GERALD ? FORD
-5-
which these newspaper men obtained the so-called "admission against
interest" or "confession" from subject appear at least questionable
and of doubtful propriety and would, no doubt, be submitted to the
trial jury by the court for the purpose of enabling the petit venire
men to determine whether or no the same was voluntarily obtained and
was given by the defendant of her own free will.
RECOMMERDABION
Should the Department disagree with the views herein expressed
and desire the case against subject to 08 presented to a Federal
grand jury it is recomended that a => true bill be cought. Should
an indictment be returned against subject under the applicable orom
visions of Title 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1 (treason) and the cause oushed for
trial on its merits before a petit jury it is recommended that every
possible effort be made to secure Federal Communications Commission
records of monitorings 01 subject's broadcasts, which were until
recently in the possession of the Federal Bureau of Investigation,
together with the Naval sound track film and also the Naval Government
recordings made of subject's voice in Guan, which matters are fre-
quently mentioned in the numerous reports of the Bureau, which will
be found scattered throughout the various sections of the file in this
casa.
LIBRARY RALD FORD
:-6-
AIR MAIL
November 12, 1948.
PERSONAL AID CONFIDENTIAL.
Alexander H. Cambell. Esn..
Assistant Attorney Genoral,
copy seed Merity
Department of Justice,
last
Washington, D. C.
Ro: United States V. Ive Toguri D'Aquino
146-28-1941
Your ref: 146-23-1941
17
1940
Ro: Wallace Elwell Ince
Your ref: 146-23-2001.
CRIM
INTERNAL
Ly dear Alex:
In the first Case above nontioned, a treason indictment was
returned against defendent here last month. In the second case above
mentioned, an investigation is under way against subject who is a treason
suspect, and who for some time has been n regular United States Army officer.
I heard today that the Foderal Bureau of Investigation is not
in a position to corply with our request for an immediate investigation in
the Orient of the Incto in these cases,
I presented the D'Amuino case to the grand jury here end Pro vince
personally explained to the complement of the same their functions, provisions
and prerogatives.
I think in retrospect that I personally presented the evidence in
the case against the D' "Aguino woman here before the panel of Federal Grand
veniromen in a rather forceful manner. I told the grind talemen that the
case AC to Colonel Ince, Drs. D'Anuino's superior on Radio Hokyo, would be
presented to a Federal frand jury here in the imedinte future, after an ex-
haustive, factual investigntion of the same in the Crient had been undertaken.
If the above action had not been taken by no. I believe that the
grand jury would have returned a no true bill against Mrs. D'Aquino.
I personally believe that if General Tom Clark and General Ford
were cognizant 02 the facts above mentioned, they. or either of them. would
immodiately request Director Hoover to Isanch a factual investi sation on
the nerits in the above mentioned matters in the Oricnt.
LIBRARY GERALD FORD
Aloxander H. Campbell, Esq.
Page $2.
November 12, 1948
I have written a separate letter concerning this natter
officially to the Department under separate cover, directing the same to
the attention of the First Assistant, Reymond ?. thearty.
your
With kind personal regards, I renain
Respectfully,
TOM DE WORKS
BERALD R. FORD LIBRANT
ADDP ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO
UNIT STATESATTORNEY
AND REFER TO INITIALS AND NUMBER
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
eil Pr
UNITED STATES ATTORNEY
RECEIVED
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
SAN FRANCISCO 1
17 1949
Division
January 12, 1949
Alexander M. Campbell, Esq.,
Assistant Attorney General,
146-28-1941
Department of Justice,
POSTICE
Washington, D. C.
JAN 17 1949
Sir:
CRIM.-INTERNAL
Re: United States V. Iva Toguri D'Aquino
SECURITY
SEC.
(Your Ref: 146-38-1941)
B.V.
Reference is made to the above entitled treason prosecution
presently pending in this jurisdiction.
On page 5, Exhibit 20 of the confidential report of the
Counter-Intelligence Corps, Department of the Army, which report was
forwarded to the Department of Justice by War Department letter dated
FORD
6 June, 1945, we find the following pertinent paragraph which is quoted
verbatim:
GERALD
"The file contains a memorandum dated October 22,
1943, prepared by Mrs. Ruth Shipley, Chief, Passport Division,
State Department, pointing out that on December 8, 1941,
Ikuko Toguri had applied for a passport in Tokyo, having
left the United States in July 1941 without an American
passport. No instructions were sent to Ikuko Toguri 2s to
her status due to the outbreak of war, but the Department
had ruled that she was entitled to a passport to return to
Reify
the United States. This memorandum concludes as follows:
The presumption of having ceased to be an American citizen
is now resting against her under provisions of Section 402
of the Nationality Act of 1940. H
It is believed that it would be well for the Department
to have Mr. Hogan or some other person proceed immediately to the
Department of State for the purpose of reviewing their file in this matter,
and conferring with experts at the Department of State concerning the
question of any presumption of expatriation that may exist in defendant's
favor. An explanation and interpretetion by qualified experts from the
State Department as to the portion of the memorandum above quoted would
be beneficial and helpful. There is, of course, plenty of evidence
available that during the time that she broadcast, defendant was not
serving in the armed forces of the Imperial Japanese Government, and
Hopen
Alexander M. Campbell, Esq.
-2-
Jamiary 12, 1949.
that she did not occupy any position for which only Japanese nationals
were eligible. Time being of the essence, I should, of course, be
advised immediately as to the result of the research and interview
above suggested.
The Department's attention is called to the provisions of
Title 8 U.S.C. Sec. 802, which is the applicable statutory provision
concerning the legal presumption of expatriation referred to in the
State Department memorandum above quoted. The Justice Department's
legal visws on the question herein discussed are likevise desired.
The Department will be kept advised as to all material
developments that ensue herein.
Respectfully,
FRANK J. HENNESSY
United States Attorney
LIBRARY GERALD P FORD
FORM NO. 34
Office Memorandum
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO
: The Files
DATE: May 26, 1949
FROM : John 3n Hogan
JBH:nnv
146-28-1941
SUBJECT: United States is Iva Toguri D'Aquino
This afternoon, Harry T. Brundidge telephoned me from
New York and advised that the information he was about to give he
had received in confidence but falt that the Government should have
it.
Clark Lee prepared and submitted to International News
Service for publication a series of six articles. The title and
the general subject matter of these articles were unknown to Mr.
Brundidge. He stated that among other things the series included
a most bitter and vitriolic demunication of the Government for
having even considered a prosecution of the defendant in this case.
The language of the article was 30 bitter against the Government
that Mr. Barry Ferris, Editor and Chief of INS, returned it to Lee
refusing to have anything to do with his publication. It was Mr.
Ferris who gave this information to Mr. Brundidge. The conclusion
which Mr. Brundidge draws from the above facts is that Lee will most
likely be extramely sympathetic to the defendent if called to the
stand by the Government.
Mr. Brundidge told me in addition that he had seen a
newspaper clipping which stated that Clark Lee and his wife will
leave Monterey, California, on June 2, 1949, for 2 trip to Europe.
BERALD FORD LIBRARY
Nores ay jury foreman
John mann 1949
"hese we were to have around everytime wa left the building, Court stayed in
session, recessing but reconvening for each request the jury had for testimony
C-2' evidence. The crowd stayed on: On Monday night at 11:00 p.m when we
returned to the courtroom prior to adjourning to the hotel for the night, there
was a fully packed courtroom
/ All Monday afternoon and all day Tuesday we vent through the judge's
lengthy instructions, especially the essential elements as listed in relation
to each of the overt acts, There was at considerable feeling in the jury that
R.
question toiled down to the sixth essential element which provided that she
there were grounds for acquittal Insofar as most of the overt acts were CODEO GERAL
FORD
cerned, there was a general opinion that they had been committed, but the
must have had intent to betray the United States, It was decided on Monday
LIBRARY
that we would eliminate all overt acts except five and six, which alleged that
she wrote the script and brcadcast about the loss of ships / As the essential
elements were progressive in character, we started with No 1 and agreed usen.
inously all the way up through No. 5 and into No, ó where we divided over the
matter of intent which is of importance in any crininal case Nos, 7 and 3
were readily agreed to provided we could decide on No: 6.,
By Tuesday evening we had made little progress beyond a point reached
on Tuesday a,n, at 9:30 when a ballot resulted in 9 to 3 for convictiony Means
while we had requested much of the testimony and mary exhibits and for each
request we were recalled to the courtroom and cur request transmitted to attornies
for both sides to stipulate agreement to our request It was very difficult to
request specific testimory without divulging to the courtrcom the nature c= our
úeliterations,
On Tuesday evening it was decided to notify the Court that we were
hopelessly deadlocked, This was done and the judge culled us in and notified us
once again of the importance of the case, the terrific expense already insurred
end the fact that another three months' trial was impending if we went undecided.
He told us the instructions given the United States Marshalls were that ve should
be permitted to deliberate at any time we chose to go to meals at any tice and
to retire when we chose, tut for us to go back to the jury room and make every
attempt possible to reach a verdict,
The Marshalls were extremely careful with us. We could speak to no
one, telephones were cut off in our hotel rooms, radios removed: we could not
read any papers or get in touch ith our families except through the Marshall's
Office I had brought 2 razor along but by Wednesday I requested the Marshall
to phone a young lady in our office requesting she purchase e at change of
clothes. This she did most satisfactorily and a very welcome change arrived,
Ton Wednesday we argued and debated with little progress, although at
tires some of the jurors waivered tempcrari.y, but lines were pretty well drawn
with nine for conviction and three of us for acquittal. Most of the response.
bility for the acquittal arguments depended cn a lady jurer and E, with if
catching the brunt of it,
Cur contentions for acquittal were based on those instructions which said
the defendant was presured innocent until proven guilty and that it was up to
the prosecution to make that proof beyond any reasorable doubt. Added to that
was the statement in essential element No, 6 that aiding the enery was not
treason in itself unless there was intent to tetray the United States.
Inrues were becoming heated xents were hold and 11 VIS
pretty JUIT that retired on Todnebuay : did not $200 to pleap
mtil almost 1:00 S.A.
Thursday started out where TO 1:15 off on Kednapday, Ve 11d request
further trinscripts of testinomy but DCC with much have as 1t ves metter MM-
cult DOV to change any opinions. At 5000 р,д, VP = misted clarificati from
the judge on intent definitions L3 contained in the insuructions. At 6:00 ,=,
he called is into court and answered the comest by saying that we should
eider the instructions as St whole and not pick any intervidual parts for as use,
He then suggested that we retire for disnor or for the evening.
We returned to the juryruce and feeling timt the dge's comments vere
in the nature of at denial of clarification 0: the case CT signttal, the Noses
of us decided to acquiesce and make a quilty verdict
We voted on each of the overt acts and there was & unanizous
vote on Overt Act No. 6, the wondcast about the supposed loss of all Aurican
ships and the fact that the G.:, S could not get houe, On all of the CTARMS
there was unanimity on a "not guilty" Vardiet,
GERALD
FORD
As foreman of the jury I imote the verdict and signed :- and
then on ar individual verdict for each overt 20% duly inserted "I.O" :: 20-
dicate the jury's vote except on To, 6 where "yes was inserted. I signed this
and then at very solem and was jury sent word to the Judge that we Mi greed
finally,
The drams in the Courtrons bad increased Ath Book of CUD return trips
to court as each trip was a possible resided. : V10 under the ampression THE
ES jury fureman I mut read the werding; and in = of the tense situation, 1-;
was certain that IC sound would be forthresing MAST : opened = mouth.
Fortunately the courtroom was particlly noty when returned, as
zost of the people had assumed the jury bei retired. AS we filed 1n no 55
looked at the defendant, the counsel tables, the press table = the audience.
Face the Judge's request, : rose and book the verdicts from If 17.
side coat pocket. My relief was tremendous when :- asked that = hand it to the
clerk who, in turn, passed 1± 00 to the Judge, who with on implicable COMPLA
nance looked through the several pages. E: then returned it to the clark with
the request that he advise the court of the jury's lecision, The clerk's voice
faltered slightly == the very silent recm as he read, "Cuilty."
Immediately 2 rather disappointed "oh" ran through the court and the
Marshalls quieted the room with some difficulty, The verdict on each of the
eight overt acts Was read and then 23c: :: the jurcrs yas polled '6' rate to
enswer is the verdict so reached was his wish,
The Judge then advised the jry that :e Ind been artrenely patient and
able in the longest trial in San Francisco thanked US and dismosed us into the
kands of the reporters and photographers, Attempts to get a.ay without an inter
view were impossible, and although we were non-commital, the papers and the
die very shortly cad a rather accurate account,
tecluding who ware the hald
outs. info mation which all purors had agreed no
rulge Information since
detained indicated that the reporters, lawyers and
ablachos had already
onde it fungly good analysis of each jurcr They
inticipated that I would ice
the foreman bad figured that two others and I words for had bloked
the that would stand for conviction and had for
:
vould
follow
the
majornty
the of the jurers they could not figure The
ICT
23.1
been
classed
as for accuittal and the press and the infense
that
sie
would
be
called 12 50 serve for that reason The arazing == all this 1.3 that they
were for shead of the members of the jung who 02 .0.200 had third similar
analysis Also amzing 13 the fact that as for all I had DOG inde up my
mind until after the Judge S instructions and so 126 not 200W regarding myself.
Throughout the entire trial the jurcrs were non consitted and apparently Very
impartial in their attitudes. All of us were very annoyed 52 times by the de
laying and time consuming tactics of the defense All 348 the highest admiration
and respect for the father sister and brother of the defaniant, who were in
court daily and in every manner and movement acted as refined, reserved and
respected folks.
The chief prosecuting attorney was 2 very able chap, quite wise 10
jury handling and used to making every nove and word count I&t many prose
cution witnesses actually did more for the defense and 'cy the same token the
actions of some defense witnesses were of considerable assistar to the prosecu-
tion
The entire trial was an education to those who listened Our legal
understanding is ruch advanced. our knowledge of Capan and its people is greater
our Pacific Geography is extanded. we know more of our Government, the Army and
the State snd Justice Departments. We have seen and listened to people of fame,
we have heard much of the inside of radio broadeasting, the use and methods of
propaganda we saw admitted to evidence = range * items from yen notes. to
military maps, to radio beam charts, CO at photostated copy of 3 treaty mde by
the Swiss Covernment between Japan and the United States wherein it, was mutually
agreed to abide by the Geneva Convention in respect to prisoners of :25 It 13
difficult to describe the dram of = acternational treason trial,
Some of the jurors were naturally unhappy with the verdict, It W2C felt
that is the interests of strict justice alone as == is ideally held in the
American mind, and free from emotion and prejudice that the prosecution 8+d
not Drove gift beyond a reasonable doubt The cress table had voted 9 to I
is
that the defendant would be acquitted, A22 personnel WHO handled her during
FORD
year in the County Jail were extremaly sympathetic to her, See counsel who
were acting without fee: were acting as crusaders in pursuit of what they be,
GERADD
lieved was justice,
LIBRARY
The newspapers even in view of the personal opinions of the press who
covered the trial, were very fair in comment and editorials. it have seen such
items from various parts of the country and have been surprised at the general
fairness of their statements I made cne statement following the verdict to the
effect that although there is a desire 00 the part of a large cortion of the
jury towards acquittal. it :- difficult to do other than WE did in VISW of the
Court's instructions. This quoted considerably It is a very truthful state,
ment and I believe it explains clearly the action of the jury/
On Cotober 6, Judge Roche sentenced the defendant to ten years and a
$10,000 fine The defense has appealed
Although it was as: interesting and educational experience I am glad it
is over and would not want. to do it again,