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Memorandum, "The War Crimes Trials" with Attachments

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THE WAR CRIMES TRIALS (The Appointment of Justice Robert H. Jackson) May, 1945 The President on May 2, 1945, announced the appointment of Associate Justice Robert H. Jackson of the United States Supreme Court as Repre- sentative of the United States and its Chief of Counsel in the preparation and prosecution of charges against the European Axis war criminals. (1) By this action, the President acted to implement the policy of punish- ing war criminals to which this government had been committed from the earliest days of the war. In August, 1942, President Roosevelt in a state- ment following a communication from the governments of occupied European countries calling attention to Axis crimes against civilian populations in those countries, sounded a warning to the Nazis that "the time will come when they shall have to stand in courts of law in the very countries which they are now oppressing and answer for their acts." (2) He followed this on October 7, 1942, with a statement declaring it to be "the inten- tion of this Government that the successful close of the war shall include provision for the surrender to the United Nations of war criminals" and said that with a view to establishing the responsibility of the guilty in- dividuals through the collection and assessment of all available evidence, this government was prepared to cooperate with the British and other govern- ments in establishing a United Nations Commission for the Investigation of War Crimes. (3) As a result such a Commission was organized and on October 20, 1943, it held its first meeting in London. At the same time the Foreign Mini- sters of the United States, Great Britain and Russia were meeting at Moscow and the subject of war crimes and punishment of war criminals was discussed there. A declaration, signed and issued on November 1st by HARRY ARCNIVES RECORDS U.S. GOVERMMENT

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