"Refugees," Article from Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year for 1954
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OCR Page 1 of 7TROMAN
'NATIONAL
ARCHIVES AND
REFUGEES
RECORDS
SERVICE"
GOVERNUEST
The entry into force of the Convention relating to the
Status of Refugees on April 22, 1954 was an important event
in the international effort to secure protection for refugees.
The Convention promulgated by the diplomatic conference convened
by the General Assembly of the United Nations at Geneva in 1951
was ratified by Belgium, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Ger- -
many, France, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
The accession of Australia in January 1954 brought the Conven-
tion into force. The Convention codifies the rights of refugees
and gives them status in international law. Among the rights
and privileges accorded to refugees under the Convention are the
right to work, participation in social security systems, freedom
to travel, public eduction for children, the right to join labor
unions and status in the courts. The application of the conven-
tion is supervised by the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees.
The Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees was
established by the United Nations for a three-year term on
December 14, 1950 to assume the function of legal and political
protection of refugees, formerly performed by the International
Refugee Organization, which terminated its services in 1952. The
Office was also charged with responsibility for facilitating the
repatriation of refugees or their assimilation in new countries
of residence, and for seeking permanent solutions for refugee
problems. By decision of the General Assembly in 1953 the Office
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